Extraction process of unripe apples or apple processing residues and extracts obtained

Abstract

A process of preparing extracts of unripe apples and / or apple processing residues, particularly from thinning procedures, is described, including the stages of grinding, pressing, filtration, drying of the pressing residue, and liquid adsorption chromatography and their concentration. The extracts obtained have a content of active substances useful inter alia in reducing appetite in subjects with superfluous fat accumulation for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome; they are also active in the reduction of blood glucose and lipid parameters in diabetes, and in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Description

[0001] TITLE

[0002] EXTRACTION PROCESS OF UNRIPE APPLES OR APPLE PROCESSING RESIDUES AND EXTRACTS OBTAINED

[0003] Field of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to the preparation of extracts obtained from unripe apples harvested, in particular, as thinning material in the industrial production of apples and / or from industrial residues of apple processing such as peels and cores and fibrous matrix, as well as formulations containing them.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] The apple is traditionally considered synonymous with health and well-being. Recent scientific evidence has confirmed the nutritional and health value of apples, which can be correlated with their content of vitamins (C, PP, Bl; B2, A), mineral salts, pectin, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes and other compounds responsible for beneficial properties on the cardiovascular, immune, metabolic, muscular and respiratory systems.

[0007] For example, it has been described that consumption of two apples a day results in a significant average reduction in total and LDL cholesterol levels and an increase in HDL cholesterol after only eight weeks (Tenore, G. C. et al., Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(7), 2107-2115, 2016).

[0008] The chemopreventive potential of polyphenols contained in three apple varieties (Annurca, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious) was studied by Scafuri B et al. in Scientific Reports, volume 6, Article number: 32516 (2016).

[0009] However, polyphenols are not the only active components contained in apples. Equally important in determining the healthful properties of apples are other classes of compounds, such as pentacyclic terpenes (ursolic acid) capable of stimulating protein synthesis, phytohormones such as abscisic acid, dihydrochalcones (phloretin, floridzin) with hypoglycemic activity, and pectins that act on intestinal reabsorption of cholesterol and bile acids.The content of these substances is higher in unripe apples, which are available in large quantities from the operation of thinning apple plants, a practice that is essential to ensure not only the production of apples of adequate size, but also flowering in the subsequent season. Thinning apples make up to 60-65% of the fruit on the plant before ripening. After thinning, unripe apples, typically 1-4 cm in size, are either left on the ground or used as biomass for biofuel production. Their use in animal feed industry has also been proposed, despite the presence of high percentages of tannins and polyphenols, about 10 times that of ripe apples, with possible anti -nutritional effects.

[0010] Extracts of unripe apples have been described for use as active ingredients of nutraceutical compositions. For example, KR100331578, CN102210471, KR20100112226 and EP657169 describe processes for extracting polyphenols from unripe apples by different techniques (pressing, enzymolysis, extraction, chromatography and the like). Numerous apple extract products are on the market, the majority of which coming from extraction of apple residues from materials used for juice preparation and then treated with enzymes, such as cellulase, pectinase, glucanase at optimal temperatures for enzymatic operation, which promotes pressing but at the same time also facilitates oxidation processes with degradation of polyphenols and other structures present in the fruit. These oxidative hydrolyses are likely to change the physicochemical state of natural structures that from much academic research are found important for biological activity, such as nanovesicles or exosomes and in particular natural pectins that play a range of actions at the level of bioavailability and hypolipidemic and immune action. Nanovesicles are carriers of many active components including messenger mRNAs that enable cell-to-cell and cell-to-organ communication (Trentini., Biomedicine, 2022, 10, 415). The partial losses of active ingredients occurring in known processes compromise the ideal picture of multiple properties offered by the diversified pool of active ingredients present in the unripe apple.

[0011] In light of the known technique there remains a felt need for new therapeutic or nutritional products derived from unripe apple, all-natural-based, that exhibit high activity of the active ingredients contained therein, without significant loss of active ingredients from process steps, with the goal of achieving a qualitative / quantitativeeffect similar to or even superior to that achievable through the use of currently available apple extracts.

[0012] Summary

[0013] A process for preparing extracts from unripe apples and / or processing residue of unripe apples has now been found that allows an improved extract to be obtained compared to those described to date, which are mainly focused on the polyphenolic component alone. In fact, using an appropriate sequence of stages and mixing both the juice and the solid residue obtained from a pressing stage, while avoiding, during the entire process, enzymatic treatments that drastically alter the composition of the active ingredients and especially their binding to compounds that are apparently inert but are carriers of fundamental importance for their bioavailability, an extract is obtained that includes inter alia, in addition to polyphenols, also pentacyclic triterpenes such as ursolic and oleanolic acids, dihydrochalcones such as floridzin and phloretin, and high amounts of pectins.

[0014] The fraction of polyphenols, present as such or in the form of glycosides, comprises catechin, epicatechin, dimer Bl, dimer B2, procyanidin Cl, tetramers, pentamers and hexamers and oligomeric amounts measurable up to dodecamers, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and its isomers, hydroxy cinnamic acid.

[0015] The process according to the invention includes the following stages: a) grinding unripe apples and / or apple processing residues under cold conditions and in the presence of an acid;

[0016] b) pressing the product of stage a) at a pressure between 100 and 300 bars, obtaining a solid part and a liquid part;

[0017] c) drying the solid part of stage b) to a paste-like consistency;

[0018] d) filtering the liquid part of stage b) and passing it on adsorption resin, then eluting the resin with ethanol or mixtures of ethanol and water; e) concentrating the eluate from stage d) and adding thereto the obtained concentrate to the solid part dried in stage c);

[0019] f) drying and pulverizing the mixture from stage e).

[0020] The invention also encompasses apple extract obtained in accordance withthe above process and the use of said extract, alone or formulated with appropriate excipients for, inter alia, appetite reduction in subjects in need thereof. Subjects may be human or animal, and may be suffering from, e.g., superfluous fat accumulation / obesity, sarcopenia (particularly in the case of children and the elderly), type 1 and 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Use may also be nonmedical in nature, such as with dietary / health function.

[0021] Index of Figures

[0022] Figure 1: Changes in calprotectin and occult blood in subjects with ulcerative colitis treated with the extract from Example 1 (left columns) or standard antiinflammatory (right columns).

[0023] Detailed description of the invention

[0024] Unripe apples that can be used according to the invention can belong to any variety. The varieties Gala, Fuji, Bella del Bosco, Rosa mantovana, Annurca, Elstar, Golden Delicius, Red Delicius, Granny Smith, Renetta, Renetta del Canada are preferred, especially a mixture of at least two, more preferably at least three of these varieties. The term unripe apple is currently used and understood in industry practice (see, e.g., J. Appl. Biol. Chem. 53(2), 87-90 (2010)); it identifies apples that have not completed the standard ripening cycle, to an extent clear to the skilled observer; they are typically characterized by a maximum diameter of 1.0 to 4.0 cm. A preferred source of unripe apples is apples derived from thinning procedures that, thanks to the present process, can be valued by conversion into an extract with a high rate of active ingredients.

[0025] As an alternative or in addition to unripe apples, peels, cores and fibrous matrix, in general waste material from fruit processing aimed at the preparation of jellies, juices, purees and the like can be used, as long as they have not undergone enzymatic treatments and all processing operations have taken place in cold conditions (typically below 10°C). By-products of industrial processing involving peel separation should be used within a maximum time of three months after fruit harvesting due to the high degradability of active ingredients.

[0026] Apples from the harvest, as single variety or a mixture thereof, are stored atin cold conditions, typically below 10°C, preferably between 0 and 4°C, most preferably 2°C, and, immediately before this process, thoroughly washed with acid solution.

[0027] In stage a., the above varieties are milled in a suitable apparatus, such as a hammer mill; the milling is done in cold conditions, typically below 10°C, preferably between 0 and 4°C, most preferably 2°C, conveniently at the storage temperature, in the presence of an acid, e.g., ascorbic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, or the like, useful for oxidase inactivation; the product thus acquires an acidic pH, preferably between 2 and 4, and more preferably 3±0.5.

[0028] In stage b., the ground material is sent into a press, e.g., an auger, and pressed between 100 and 300 bars. Pressing preferably takes place continuously. It involves the formation and separation of a liquid part and a solid part; the liquid and solid parts follow separate treatments from this point, and are ultimately reunited to form a final extract with a high content of active ingredients.

[0029] In stage c., the solid part obtained in stage b. is dried to a paste-like consistency, that is, with a water content of between 1 and 10%, preferably between 2 and 4 percent, and most preferably 3±0.5 percent by weight, on the weight of said solid part. Drying is preferably conducted at a high temperature (typically 500-600°) over a rapid period of time, e.g., 3-5 minutes.

[0030] In stage d., the liquid part obtained in stage b., previously subjected to filtration (by, e.g., ultrafiltration and / or centrifugation, particularly passage over a filter press or microfiltration over a membrane with a cut-off of 5000 Daltons) which removes solid residues in suspension, is absorbed onto a chromatographic column containing an absorption resin (typically an ion-exchange resin, preferably polystyrenic, e.g., Ambelite® / XAD7 or equivalent) and washed with the minimum amount of deionized water to eliminate the non-absorbed fraction.

[0031] The resin is then eluted with a water-miscible organic solvent, preferably ethanol or a water-ethanol solution, e.g., 95% ethanol or a 9 / 1 v / v ethanol / water mixture, to recover the substances absorbed by the resin.

[0032] In stage e., the resin eluate, after concentration at reduced volume, is added to the previously dried material obtained in stage c.In stage f., the resulting mixture from stage e. is dried and subjected to pulverization, preferably micronization, according to standard methodologies and conditions.

[0033] The extract thus obtained includes high amounts of inter alia flavanols (catechin, epicatechin and procyanidins A2 and B2 in monomer, trimer or tetramer form), flavonols (quercetins and quercetin-glucosides), flavones (apigenin) dihydrochalcones (phloretin, phlorizin, and glucosides), hydroxy cinnamic acids (p-coumaric acid, caffeoylquinic acid, triterpenes (ursolic, oleanolic, maslinic, annuric, and boswellic acids), abscisic acid and its glycosides, and indolacetic acid.

[0034] The percentages by weight on the weight of the dry extract of some of the characteristic components are given below:

[0035] chlorogenic acid: 1.0 to 10.0%, preferably 1.0 to 8.0%; procyanidins 0.3 to 7.0%, preferably 0.5 to 3.5%

[0036] - total polyphenols 5.0 to 25.0%, preferably 7.0 to 20.0%;

[0037] phlorizin: 5.0 to 15.0%, preferably 7.0 to 14.0%;

[0038] quercetin and derivatives: 1 to 5%, preferably 1 to 3%;

[0039] - tetracyclic triterpenes expressed as ursolic acid: 2.0 to 8.0%, preferably 2.2 to 6.0%.

[0040] An further important feature of the extracts according to the present invention is the high pectin content, between 20 and 50%, preferably between 30 and 50%, especially between 40 and 50%, on the weight of the dry extract.

[0041] The chaicones in the extract according to the invention, e.g., phlorizin and phloretin, influence epigenetic processes and uncoded genetic changes in DNA sequence, which play an important role in gene expression in breast cancer cells; chaicones also interact with sodium-dependent glucose transport in the intestine and thus, through the reduction of glucose absorption, reduce the postprandial glycemic peak with positive effects for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.

[0042] The polyphenols present in the extract according to the invention, such as quercetin, inhibit sulfotransferases involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones,steroids and catecholamines. The procyanidins, present in the extract, are potent antimutagens, intervene in inflammation at the inflammosomes level, have antiproliferative activity, and act at the epigenetic level and on innate immunity. These substances are also useful in preventing cognitive impairment and states of depression typical of the elderly.

[0043] The extract is also useful, due to its immunoregulatory effect, in the prevention of common inflammatory-type diseases. It is particularly effective on inflammatory states of the intestine, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In the veterinary field, in herds of weaning animals, particularly in pigs, the extract added to feed reduces infection-generating inflammatory states leading to death or massive administration of antibiotics.

[0044] The extract of the invention is also useful for appetite reduction in individuals with superfluous fat accumulation and for the treatment of obesity and sarcopenia in children and the elderly. For the treatment of sarcopenia, combination with proteinrich plant sources such as beans, lupine, citrus pressing residues, sesame, almonds, rice husks, and buckwheat is particularly indicated. The extract is also useful in reducing blood glucose and lipid parameters in diabetes, in particular type 2 diabetes.

[0045] The extracts of the invention, can be added to foods obtaining food compositions, or be formulated with excipients to obtain pharmaceutical, nutraceutical compositions or medical devices, according to conventional techniques as described, for example, in “Remington's Pharmaceutical Handbook,” Mack Publishing Co., N.Y., USA. Examples of oral formulations are tablets, dragees, soft and hard gelatin capsules, cellulose capsules, and bars. Particularly suitable forms of administration are tablets, capsules or bars.

[0046] According to a further aspect, compositions of the invention may contain other compounds and / or extracts: beans, lupine, citrus pressing residues, amino acids, vitamins, oligoelements, lipoic acid, phosphoryl serine, phospholipids, creatine, extracts of Vitis vinifera, Cyclanthera pedata, Olea europea, Zingiber officinale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Taraxacum officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Citrus reticulata (tangerine), Citrus bergamia, Bacopa monnieri, Berberis aristata, Eugenia jambolana,Saccarum officinarum, Momordica charantia, and / or Centella asiatica. Of particular importance are formulations containing one or more of: Taraxacum officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Citrus bergamia, Bacopa monnieri, Berberis aristata, Eugenia jambolana, Saccarum officinarum, Momordica charantia, and / or Centella asiatica, as given in the examples.

[0047] The following examples will further illustrate the invention.

[0048] Experimental part

[0049] Example 1 - Preparation of extract enriched in active ingredients from unripe apples.

[0050] 500 Kg of unripe Golden, Fuji, Bella del Bosco and Rosa mantovana apples in approximately equal ratios, harvested one month after flowering and stored for one month in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2°C (technical harvesting and storage conditions) carefully washed in a mixer with an aqueous solution containing 0.05% citric acid are coarsely ground in a hammer mill and the pulp enters presses continuously where it undergoes forced filtration at a pressure of 200 bar. The solid part obtained (pressing residue) is dried in a dryer for water removal to a content of about 3 percent on biomass. 14 Kg of residue, having a yellow / green color, is obtained. The liquid part obtained from the pressing is subjected to centrifugation for pulp removal until a clear solution is obtained. The treated solution is then passed over 20 L of XAD7 adsorption resin by washing with demineralized water until complete removal of unretained hydrophilic substances. At the end of elution with water, the resin is eluted with 95% ethanol until complete recovery of the retained portion, by TLC monitoring of the eluate: the recovered solution is then concentrated to small volume and added to the dried squeezed residue; the whole, after thorough homogenization of the powder, is dried until the water is eliminated and micronized.

[0051] A product having the following characteristics is obtained:

[0052] Green-beige powder including (percentages by weight): chlorogenic acid 1.2%, dimeric procyanidins 0.6%, total polyphenols 10%, floridzin 12.1%, quercetin derivatives 1.6%, tetracyclic triterpenes expressed as ursolic acid 2.6%, and high amounts of pectin.Example 2 - Preparation of extract enriched in active ingredients from unripe apples.

[0053] 500 Kg of unripe Golden, Fuji, Bella del Bosco and Rosa mantovana apples in approximately equal ratios, harvested one month after bloom and stored for one month in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2°C, thoroughly washed, are coarsely ground in a hammer mill. The pulp continuously enters presses where it undergoes forced filtration at a pressure of 200 bar. The solid part obtained (pressing residue) is dried in rotary dryer with temperature from 500 to 600°C for water removal up to a content of 3% on biomass, which is obtained within 3-5 min. This yields 18 Kg of residue having a yellow / green color.

[0054] The liquid part obtained from the squeezing stage is subjected to centrifugation until a clear solution is obtained. This solution, as in Example 1, is passed over 20L of XAD7 adsorption resin and washed with demineralized water until complete removal of substances not retained by the resin. At the end of elution with water, the resin is eluted with 95% ethanol until complete recovery of the retained portion, by monitoring the eluate by TLC: the recovered solution is concentrated to small volume and added to the dried squeeze residue; the whole, after thorough homogenization with Citrus aurantium, is dried until the water is eliminated and micronized.

[0055] A product having the following characteristics is obtained:

[0056] Green-beige powder including (by weight of extract): chi orogenic acid 7.2%, dimeric procyanidins 3.1%, total polyphenols 15%, floridzin 8.2%, quercetin derivatives 1.4% and tetracyclic triterpenes expressed as ursolic acid 4.1%, and high amounts of pectin.

[0057] Example 3 - 20 g bars containing the apple extract according to Example 2 supplemented with B vitamins and protein synthesis catalysts.

[0058] Bars are prepared according to standard equipment and experience in the field. Each 20 g bar contains:

[0059] Dried extract of unripe apple (Example 2) 5 g Extract of Citrus aurantium 100 mgLipids (20% phosphatidylserine) 150 mg Phosphorylserine 150 mg Vitamin B6 25 mg Acetylglutamine 100 mg Glucomannan 3 g Citrus aurantium micronized pulp 5 g Calcium caseinate 3 g Puffed rice 5 g Orange flavor with dark chocolate coating.

[0060] Example 4 - 20 g sweet bars containing apple extract of apples according to Example 1.

[0061] Bars are prepared according to standard equipment and experience in the field. Each 20 g bar contains:

[0062] Dried extract of unripe apple (Example 1) 600 mg Extract of Bacopa monnieri 100 mg Extract of Centella asiatica 25 mg a-lipoic acid 150 mg Phospholipids (20% phosphatidylserine) 150 mg Phosphorylserine 50 mg Vitamin B6 25 mg Acetylglutamine 100 mg Asparagine 60 mg Creatine 60 mg Arginine 50 mg Zinc Aspartate 30 mg Chromium picolinate 10 mgSelenium 50 pg Glucomannan 3 g Citrus bergamia micronized pulp protein 15% 5 g Calcium caseinate 2 g Puffed rice 5 g Orange flavor with dark chocolate coating.

[0063] Example 5 - Tablets containing apple extract according to Example 1 Dried extract of unripe apple (Example 1) 400 mg Extract of Berberis aristata 20% berberine 100 mg Extract of Eugenia jambolana 100 mg Extract of Citrus aurantium 200 mg Extract of Saccarum officinarum 15 mg Sunflower Lecithin 100 mg Maize Starch 100 mg Calcium phosphate 100 mg Magnesium stearate 25 mg Example 6 - Tablets containing apple extract according to Example 1 Dried extract of unripe apple (Example 1) 400 mg Extract of Berberis aristata 20% berberine 100 mg Extract of Eugenia jambolana 100 mg Extract of Citrus aurantium 200 mg Extract of Momordica charantia 150 mg Sunflower Lecithin 100 mg Maize Starch 100 mg Calcium phosphate 100 mgMagnesium stearate 25 mg Example 7 - Tablets containing apple extract according to Example 1 for metabolic syndrome

[0064] Dried extract of unripe apple (Example 1) 400 mg Extract of Berberis aristata 100 mg Extract of Taraxacum officinale 150 mg Momordica charantia extract (20% Charantine / vicine) 200 mg Vitamin B6 25 mg Acetylglutamine 50 mg Glucomannan 100 mg Example 8 - Clinical study on elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, mild memory loss, moderate hypertension, and capillary fragility.

[0065] Twenty-one patients with cross-over diabetes (Table 1) were treated with placebo or the formulation of Example 3.

[0066] Patients at history after screening according to protocol inclusion and exclusion criteria had the following baseline profile:

[0067] Table 1

[0068] Characteristics of patients (admission)

[0069] Age 68 - 73

[0070] BMI 20 -30

[0071] TC (mg / dl) 190-270

[0072] HDL 32-59

[0073] TG(mg / dl) 60-320

[0074] Glycemia (mg / dl) 98-270

[0075] HbAlc (%) 5,6-11.3The characteristics of patients after 4-week treatment with the formulation of Example 3 and 4-week wash-out, were as follows:

[0076] Form. Example 3

[0077] TC (mg / dl) 198 ± 9*

[0078] HDL 51± 1.5*

[0079] TG(mg / dl) 145± 31*

[0080] Glycemia (mg / dl) 121± 12

[0081] HbAlc (%) 7,4± 1.8**

[0082] The reduction in blood glucose variability obtained after treatment, compared with the wide variability of values observed before treatment, is indicative of a blood glucose control effect by the composition tested, particularly with a marked effect on reducing peak conditions. These data support the utility, particularly in the treatment of diseases related to increased and / or insufficient blood glucose control, such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

[0083] A strong improving effect of the lipid / cholesterol picture is also observed, i.e. a strong reduction in pathological factors (triglycerides, total cholesterol) and an increase or maintenance of protective factors (HDL). These data support utility in the treatment of diseases related to excessive fat accumulation, obesity, metabolic syndrome, etc.

[0084] In the same clinical trial, the presence of 8-iso-PGF2a isoprostanes in urine (indicators of oxidative stress) was also evaluated: it varied from 63.8± 31 pmol / mmol creatinine on admission to 59± 22 after placebo treatment; for subjects treated with the formulation of the invention, the value varied from 64.8± 27.1 on admission to 55.2± 17.1 after treatment. The urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF2a8-iso-PGF2a8-iso-PGF2a during the wash-out period between the two crossover treatments was 62.82± 27.1. The greater reduction of 8-iso-PGF2a isoprostanes in the urine of subjects treated according to the invention is indicative of a protectiveeffect against oxidation factors involved in inflammatory diseases.

[0085] Example 9 - Clinical study of subjects with intestinal disorders with fecal blood and diffuse colorectal pain

[0086] Eighteen patients with diabetes in cross-over were treated with placebo or the extract from Example 1 administered as 500 mg tablets

[0087] Eight subjects were treated with standard anti-inflammatory therapy (no corticosteroids) while 10 were treated with the extract of Example 1, obtained from apple thinning (3 tablets daily, total 1500 mg); the anti-inflammatory effect was measured by assessing Calprotectin and occult blood, both indicators of intestinal disease. After three weeks of treatment, both Calprotectin and occult blood were significantly reduced (p-0.05) as reported in Table 2 and graphically illustrated in Figure 1.

[0088] Table 2

[0089] Calprotectin Positive fecal concentration occult blood

[0090] Inclusion (basal) 100% 100% Standard therapy 52.5% 57.2% Example 1 extract therapy 20% 20%

[0091]

[0092] These data show a strong reduction in pathological indicators of ulcerative colitis in subjects treated with the extract in accordance with the present invention.

Claims

CLAIMS1. Process of preparing extracts of unripe apples and / or apple processing residues including the stages of:a) grinding unripe apples and / or apple processing residues under cold conditions and in the presence of an acid;b) pressing the product of stage a) at a pressure between 100 and 300 bars, obtaining a solid part and a liquid part;c) drying the solid part of stage b) to a paste-like consistency;d) filtering the liquid part of stage b) and passing it on adsorption resin, then eluting the resin with ethanol or mixtures of ethanol and water;e) concentrating the eluate from stage d) and adding thereto the obtained concentrate to the solid part dried in stage c);f) drying and pulverizing the mixture from stage e).

2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the apples belong to the varieties Gala, Fuji, Bella del Bosco, Rosa mantovana, Annurca, Elstar, Golden Delicius, Red Delicius, Granny Smith, Renetta, and / or Renetta del Canada.

3. Process according to one or more of claims 1-2, wherein a mixture of apple varieties is used.

4. Process according to one or more of claims 1-3, wherein apple processing residues include peels, cores, fibrous matrices, and / or waste materials from apple processing.

5. Process according to one or more of claims 1-4, wherein stage (a) is carried out in the presence of citric acid.

6. Process according to one or more of claims 1-5, wherein the filtering in stage (d) is carried out by centrifugation, passage over filter press or microfiltration over membrane with cut-off of 5000 Dalton.

7. Process according to one or more of claims 1-6, wherein the resin in stage (d) is a polystyrene absorption resin XAD7 and or SP207.

8. Extract obtainable by the process according to one or more of claims 1-7.

9. Extract according to claim 8 including, by weight of dry extract :chlorogenic acid: 1.0 to 10.0%, procyanidins 0.3 to 7.0%, total polyphenols 5.0 to 25.0%, floridzin: 5.0 to 15.0%, quercetin and derivatives: 1 to 5%, tetracyclic triterpenes expressed as ursolic acid: 2.0 to 8.0%.

10. Extract according to claim 9 including, by weight of dry extract:chlorogenic acid 1.0 to 8.0%; procyanidins 0.5 to 3.5%; total polyphenols 7.0 to 20.0%; floridzin: 7.0 to 14.0%; quercetin and derivatives: 1 to 3%; tetracyclic triterpenes expressed as ursolic acid: 2.2 to 6.0%.

11. Extract according to claims 9 or 10, further including, on the weight of the dry extract, pectin from 30.0 to 50.0%.

12. Formulation including the extract according to one or more of claims 8-11.

13. Formulation according to claim 12, in the form pharmaceutical composition, nutraceutical composition, food supplement or food.

14. Formulation according to one or more of claims 12-13, further comprising one or more of: beans, lupine, citrus pressing residues, amino acids, vitamins, oligoelements, lipoic acid, phosphorylserine, phospholipids, creatine, extracts of Vitis vinifera, Cyclanthera pedata, Olea europea, Zingiber officinale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Taraxacum officinalis, Citrus aurantium,Citrus reticulata (tangerine), Citrus bergamia, Bacopa monnieri, Berberis aristata, Eugenia jambolana, Saccarum officinarum, Momordica charantia, and / or Centella asiatica.

15. Formulation in accordance with one or more of claims 12-14, in the form of tablets, dragees, capsules, bars.

16. Use of an extract according to one or more of claims 8-11 or a formulation according to one or more of claims 12-15, in the manufacturing of a medicament for reducing appetite in individuals with superfluous fat storage / obesity, for treating sarcopenia particularly in children and the elderly, for treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, for treating inflammatory bowel disease, and for treating metabolic syndrome.

17. Use of the extract according to one or more of claims 8-11 or the formulation according to one or more of claims 12-15, in the non-medical field, particularly as a food, dietary food, or dietary supplement.

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