Photovoltaic module and method for producing same

Abstract

A photovoltaic module comprises a first electrical terminal (10) and a second electrical terminal (20), between which a current guide (50) is formed. The photovoltaic module additionally comprises a plurality of cell string blocks (100; 101, 102, 103, 104), wherein each cell string block (100; 101, 102, 103, 104) has a plurality of solar cell strings (110) connected in parallel, and each of the solar cell strings (110) has a plurality of solar cells (120) connected in series with respect to the current guide (50). The plurality of cell string blocks (100) has a first cell string block (101) and a second cell string block (102), which are connected in parallel with respect to the current guide (50).

Description

[0001] IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0002] Photovoltaic module and methods for its manufacture

[0003] The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module, a method for its manufacture and in particular to a photovoltaic module with short solar cell strings with an optimized series resistance and low copper consumption.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] German patent DE 102021131977 Ai describes a conventional photovoltaic module comprising a first module segment with a first sub-segment and a second sub-segment. The first and second sub-segments each contain at least one solar cell string, and each solar cell string contains a plurality of solar cells connected in series via a sub-segment connector. The first module segment has two bypass elements. The photovoltaic module also has a second module segment. At least one segment connector for series or parallel connection of the module segments is arranged between the first and second module segments. The module segments are arranged, in particular, side by side in a longitudinal arrangement perpendicular to the orientation of the solar cell strings. A junction box is located at one edge of the solar module.Disadvantages of the photovoltaic module include resistance losses, particularly in the segment connectors, which are especially large for low-voltage modules for solar park applications, as well as the aforementioned junction boxes that must be positioned at the edge of the module.

[0006] While other conventional photovoltaic modules reduce resistance losses, they also exhibit very high voltages due to the series connection of many solar cells. For example, further conventional photovoltaic modules are disclosed in CN 216624293 U, CN 216015396 U, CN 211 828 801 U and CN 115411126 A.

[0007] There is a need for a compromise that avoids high tensions, page 1 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0008] At the same time, it enables the highest possible current with the lowest possible series resistance. Novel interconnections should further allow the use of shorter cells (e.g., half-cells, third-cells, quarter-cells, or even shorter cells) while still avoiding excessively high voltages per bypass element and achieving the desired high current yield. In particular, the number of solar cells per string should be kept as low as possible. However, this is not strictly necessary.

[0009] Brief description of the invention

[0010] At least some of the problems mentioned above are solved by a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 and a method for manufacturing the photovoltaic module according to claim 19. The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the independent claims.

[0011] The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module comprising: a first electrical connection, a second electrical connection, and a plurality of cell string blocks. A current conductor is formed between the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection, for example, to conduct away the generated current. Each cell string block of the plurality of cell string blocks comprises several parallel-connected solar cell strings. Each of the solar cell strings comprises several solar cells connected in series with respect to the current conductor. The plurality of cell string blocks has at least one first cell string block and one second cell string block connected in parallel with respect to the current conductor.

[0012] The current routing can include a variety of conductors or connection elements to achieve the desired configuration and conduct the generated current during operation. The current routing will therefore comprise a multitude of current paths between the first and second electrical connections. The first and second electrical connections can serve to electrically connect the photovoltaic module. Appropriate connection leads can be provided there for this purpose.

[0013] Page 2 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0014] Optionally, the array of cell string blocks includes a third cell string block connected in series with the first cell string block for current flow, and a fourth cell string block connected in series with the second cell string block for current flow. The third and fourth cell string blocks can ultimately be connected in parallel.

[0015] Optionally, further cell string blocks can be formed, which can be arranged or connected in parallel to the first cell string block and / or in parallel to the second cell string block. Likewise, additional cell string blocks can be arranged or connected in series with the first cell string block and / or the second cell string block. Advantageously, if cell string blocks are connected in series, an equal number of parallel cell string blocks are also added to these series-connected cell string blocks.

[0016] Optionally, the power supply features string connectors that electrically connect the ends of multiple solar cell strings. The string connectors can be configured to achieve the desired connection (series or parallel). The string connectors can connect solar cell strings from a single cell string block or from multiple cell string blocks.

[0017] Optionally, the first electrical connection and / or the second electrical connection each connect to one of the string connectors at a predetermined position. This predetermined position along the respective string connector can be at least one of the following: an endpoint, a midpoint, or an intermediate position between two solar cell strings. The endpoint offers the advantage of minimizing the number of junction boxes (e.g., only one). The midpoint offers the advantage of optimized current distribution. The intermediate position, while representing a compromise, is easier to manufacture (and therefore less expensive).

[0018] According to further embodiments, the string connectors comprise several sections that can be electrically connected to each other. Optionally, the

[0019] Page 3 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0020] Cell connectors can also be continuous, but contacted only at different positions (e.g., via soldered connections). Therefore, the current path can include additional string connectors, each located only along a fraction of the connection path between the ends of the solar cell strings.

[0021] Optionally, the photovoltaic module further includes at least one bypass element, which is arranged or connected in parallel to at least one of the cell string blocks. The bypass element serves to protect the solar cells in the event of shading, as shading can lead to high voltage drops, which are short-circuited by the bypass element(s).

[0022] Optionally, the photovoltaic module includes at least one bypass supply line for electrically connecting the at least one bypass element. The bypass supply line can be routed or installed on the rear side. For the purposes of this disclosure, the front of the photovoltaic module is the side facing the direction of incident light during operation. The rear side is the opposite side, which is shaded during operation. According to further embodiments, a (low) degree of irradiance could also be expected on the rear side of bifacial modules.

[0023] Optionally, the string connectors have a larger cross-section than the bypass leads. The bypass leads only carry current when shaded; otherwise, they are de-energized. For example, string connectors between two connected cell string blocks can have a cross-section of 3 x 0.35 mm². 2 or 6 x 0.35 mm 2 or 9 x 0.35 mm 2or exhibit deviations of + / - 20% or + / - 50%, respectively. In the area of ​​the first electrical connection and / or the second electrical connection, the cross-section of the string connectors can have a value of 4 x 0.35 mm². 2 or 8 x 0.35 mm 2 exhibit or lie within ranges of + / -20% or + / - 50%, respectively.

[0024] Optionally, the photovoltaic module also includes at least one junction box for electrically connecting the photovoltaic module. This junction box can have at least one of the following features:

[0025] Page 4 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0026] - one or more or all bypass elements,

[0027] - the first electrical connection,

[0028] - the second electrical connection,

[0029] - power electronics for converting the generated electric current.

[0030] Optionally, it includes at least one connection box from the following:

[0031] - three junction boxes, one of which includes all bypass elements and the other two of which each have an electrical connection,

[0032] - two junction boxes, each with a bypass element and one of the electrical connections,

[0033] - (only) one junction box with all bypass elements and with the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection.

[0034] Optionally, the photovoltaic module has a long side and a short side. The solar cell strings can be arranged parallel to the long side.

[0035] Optionally, the photovoltaic module can be configured as follows: The first and second cell string blocks are arranged one above the other along their long sides. Adjacent to these, the third and fourth cell string blocks are arranged one above the other along their long sides. A first bypass element can be arranged between the first and second cell string blocks to bridge (short-circuit) them in case of shading. A second bypass element can be arranged between the third and fourth cell string blocks to bridge (short-circuit) them in case of shading. If, as mentioned, the first and second cell string blocks are connected in parallel, the first bypass element will, according to the exemplary embodiments, connect the two ends of the parallel first and second cell string blocks.Short-circuit if necessary. The second bypass element will accordingly connect the two ends of the parallel-connected third and fourth cell string blocks. Page 5 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO.

[0036] or short-circuit if necessary.

[0037] According to exemplary embodiments, the bypass elements each bridge only one of the serially connected cell string blocks (or possibly several cell string blocks connected in parallel). Therefore, the electrical connection between the first and third cell string blocks can itself be electrically connected to the electrical connection between the second and fourth cell string blocks, but this is not necessary.

[0038] Alternatively or additionally, a separate bypass element could be implemented for each individual cell string block, so that the ends of each individual cell string block can always be short-circuited if necessary.

[0039] Optionally, the solar cells of the photovoltaic module can be full cells, half cells, third cells, quarter cells, fifth cells, sixth cells, or a combination thereof. For example, with a tolerance of + / - 50%, the photovoltaic module can have 60 full cells, 120 half cells, or 240 quarter cells, which are interconnected as described in the exemplary embodiments.

[0040] Optionally, each cell string block comprises a predetermined number of solar cell strings, where the predetermined number can be, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...

[0041] Optionally, the string connectors include at least one of the following:

[0042] - a first string connector between the first cell string block and the second cell string block,

[0043] - a second string connector between the first cell string block and the third cell string block,

[0044] - a third string connector between the third cell string block and the fourth cell string block,

[0045] - a fourth string connector between the second cell string block and the fourth cell string block.

[0046] Optionally, the one or more bypass lines include (at least) one

[0047] Page 6 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0048] A first bypass supply line and a second bypass supply line, both running parallel between different solar cell strings, can electrically connect the second string connector to the fourth string connector. Therefore, at least one solar cell string is arranged between the two bypass supply lines; however, two, three, four, or more solar cell strings can also be positioned between them.

[0049] Optionally, at least one bypass element comprises a first bypass element and / or a second bypass element. The first bypass element can be connected between the first bypass supply line and the first string connector. The second bypass element can be connected between the second bypass supply line and the third string connector.

[0050] Optionally, the one or more bypass feeds may include a first bypass feed, a second bypass feed, a third bypass feed, and a fourth bypass feed. Optionally, the at least one bypass element may include a first bypass element, a second bypass element, a third bypass element, and a fourth bypass element. The first bypass element and the first bypass feed may be connected in series between the first and second string connectors. The second bypass element and the second bypass feed may be connected in series between the second and third string connectors. The third bypass element and the third bypass feed may be connected in series between the first and fourth string connectors. The fourth bypass element and the fourth bypass feed may be connected in series between the third and fourth string connectors.In addition, further bypass elements and further bypass feeds can also be connected in series between the first, second, third, fourth or further string connectors.

[0051] According to the exemplary embodiments, the first bypass supply line and / or the second bypass supply line and / or the third bypass supply line and / or the fourth bypass supply line is / are arranged between adjacent solar cell strings that have the same current direction. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the bypass supply lines can also be arranged between adjacent solar cell strings that have opposite current directions.

[0052] Page 7 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0053] Optionally, the photovoltaic module includes a first junction box with the first electrical connection and a second junction box with the second electrical connection. The first bypass element can be located in either the first or the second junction box. The second bypass element can be located in either the second or the first junction box.

[0054] Optionally, the third bypass element can be located in the first or second junction box. Optionally, the fourth bypass element can be located in the second or first junction box.

[0055] It goes without saying that the bypass elements can be arranged as desired. All or some of the bypass elements can be housed in a single junction box or in a separate box (without an electrical connection). The bypass elements can also be housed in any number of junction boxes.

[0056] Optionally, the first bypass supply line and the second bypass supply line are arranged between solar cell strings in such a way as to achieve a maximum distance from each other.

[0057] Optionally, the third bypass supply line and fourth bypass supply line are arranged between solar cell strings in such a way as to achieve a maximum distance from each other.

[0058] Exemplary embodiments allow, in particular, photovoltaic modules with exactly two junction boxes, each having (at least) one bypass element (e.g., diode) and (at least) one bypass supply line (cross-connectors or similar). Therefore, each junction box can contain, in particular, exactly one, exactly two, or more than two diodes.

[0059] Examples of implementation offer a number of advantages.

[0060] Page 8 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0061] For example, the lines to the bypass elements only need to run vertically (e.g. along a long side), so that they do not have to be routed across the solar cell strings (i.e., they do not have to cross them).

[0062] This prevents cell breakage in the solar cell strings. In conventional photovoltaic modules, overlapping cells and cell connectors or connectors to the bypass elements often lead to breakage because the routing of the conductors causes thickening on the module, which generates mechanical stress.

[0063] Another advantage of these embodiments is that the electrical resistance caused by the leads to the bypass elements allows the current to be divided between two diodes acting as bypass elements in the respective junction boxes. Furthermore, without resistance, a parallel connection of diodes would be ineffective if the diodes differed only minimally in their forward voltage. In that case, the entire current would flow through only one diode. However, if one diode were connected to the upper bypass leads and the other to the lower bypass leads, the voltage drop in the bypass leads (which does not generate additional heat in the junction box, unlike when additional discrete resistors are installed in the junction box) would ensure that the sum of the currents from the upper and lower module sections would never be concentrated in just one of the two diodes.Furthermore, by using two diodes in each junction box, it becomes possible to use smaller and cheaper diodes or to increase the current, for example, by using more advanced or larger solar cells.

[0064] The resistances originating from, for example, two bypass leads are also compatible with only one connected diode.

[0065] The placement of the junction boxes between the outermost and the next solar cell string (or an area close to it) allows for shorter connection cables to the neighboring module, further reducing resistance loss and costs.

[0066] Page 9 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0067] The embodiments refer to a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module as described in this disclosure.

[0068] According to exemplary embodiments, the procedure comprises the following steps:

[0069] Forming a first electrical connection and a second electrical connection, between which a current path is formed; and

[0070] Forming a plurality of cell string blocks, wherein each cell string block has several parallel connected solar cell strings and each of the solar cell strings has several solar cells connected in series with respect to current conduction.

[0071] The multitude of cell string blocks are formed in such a way that at least one first cell string block and at least one second cell string block are connected in parallel with respect to the current flow.

[0072] Examples of this technology overcome the disadvantages of conventional modules through an optimized arrangement and interconnection of shorter solar cells (smaller than, for example, half-cells), where the resistance (and thus the cross-section) of the cell connectors as well as the module voltages can be kept low. This also allows for material savings (e.g., copper). Despite this, high currents are still possible.

[0073] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0074] The embodiments of the present invention are better understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which, however, should not be understood as limiting the disclosure to the specific embodiments, but merely serve for explanation and understanding.

[0075] Page 10 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0076] Fig. 1 shows an equivalent circuit diagram for a photovoltaic module according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0077] Fig. 2 shows a photovoltaic module with the multitude of cell string blocks as they can be arranged according to exemplary embodiments.

[0078] Fig. 3 shows a photovoltaic module with an additional contact option according to exemplary embodiments.

[0079] Fig. 4 shows a photovoltaic module with yet another contact option according to exemplary embodiments.

[0080] Fig. 5 shows a photovoltaic module with yet another contact option according to exemplary embodiments.

[0081] Figs. 6A and 6B show photovoltaic modules with further contacting options according to further embodiments.

[0082] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an equivalent circuit diagram for a photovoltaic module, as it can be formed according to exemplary embodiments.

[0084] The photovoltaic module comprises a first electrical connection 10 and a second electrical connection 20, between which a current conductor 50 is formed. The photovoltaic module further comprises a plurality of cell string blocks 100. Each cell string block 100 comprises several parallel-connected solar cell strings 110. Each of the solar cell strings 110 comprises several solar cells 120 connected in series with respect to the current conductor 50. The plurality of cell string blocks 100 comprises at least two cell string blocks 100 connected in parallel with respect to the current conductor 50.

[0085] It is understood that the term "switched" or "interconnected" refers to the electrical circuit or the corresponding equivalent circuit diagram and not necessarily to the geometric or physical arrangement. A series connection of components therefore implies a common current flow. Page 11 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0086] through the interconnected components, whereas in parallel connection the current flows are divided. In contrast, the term "arranged" in exemplary embodiments can refer to and restrict the geometric or physical arrangement. However, this is not necessarily the case.

[0087] In the illustrated embodiment, the current conductor 50 comprises a respective current path through each of the parallel-connected solar cell strings 110. The parallel connection limits the voltage, since the number of series-connected solar cells 120 is limited, while simultaneously allowing high currents to be generated, which are distributed across the many parallel current paths through the solar cell strings 110. This need for a special module concept for high currents is particularly important for smaller solar cells or those divided into multiple sections.

[0088] According to the examples given, the solar cells are full cells, half cells, third cells, quarter cells, etc., or a combination thereof.

[0089] According to exemplary embodiments, the photovoltaic module further comprises a bypass element 200 (e.g., a diode) arranged in parallel to the cell string blocks 100. In the event of shading or partial shading of the photovoltaic module, the voltage drop increases, and the bypass element 200 bridges all cell string blocks 100 (at the breakdown voltage) to prevent overvoltage damage or thermal overload.

[0090] In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of cell string blocks 100 comprises only a first cell string block 100 and a second cell string block 100, which are connected in parallel with respect to the current flow 50. It is understood, however, that according to further embodiments, additional cell string blocks 100 can be arranged in parallel to the cell string blocks shown and / or in series with them.

[0091] Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the photovoltaic module with four cell string blocks 100. The plurality of cell string blocks 100 therefore comprises a first cell string block 101 and a second cell string block 102, which are connected in parallel with respect to the current flow 50. The plurality of cell string blocks 100 further comprises page 12 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0092] a third cell string block 103, which is connected in series with respect to the current 50 to the first cell string block 101, and a fourth cell string block 104, which is connected in series with respect to the current 50 to the second cell string block 102.

[0093] The photovoltaic module has the first electrical connection 10 between the first cell string block 101 and the second cell string block 102. Accordingly, the second electrical connection 20 is located between the third cell string block 103 and the fourth cell string block 104. Each of the cell string blocks 101, 102, 103, 104 shown comprises, by way of example, three solar cell strings 110, which are contacted along the current path 50 from the first electrical connection 10 to the second electrical connection 20 (or vice versa) from both sides by string connectors 150. The string connectors 150 each connect the ends of several solar cell strings 110 together.

[0094] For example, a first string connector 150a connects the first terminal 10 to the solar cell strings 110 of the first cell string block 101. From an opposite side of the first cell string block 101, a second string connector 150b connects the solar cell strings 110 of the first cell string block 101 to one end of the solar cell strings 110 of the third cell string block 103. From an opposite side of the third cell string block 103, a third string connector 150c connects the solar cell strings 110 of the third cell string block 103 to the second terminal 20.

[0095] Furthermore, the first string connector 150a connects the first terminal 10 to the solar cell strings 110 of the second cell string block 102. From an opposite side of the second cell string block 102, a fourth string connector isod connects the solar cell strings 110 of the second cell string block 102 to one end of the solar cell strings 110 of the fourth cell string block 104. From an opposite side of the fourth cell string block 104, the third string connector 150c connects the solar cell strings 110 of the fourth cell string block 104 to the second terminal 20.

[0096] Page 13 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0097] For example, the photovoltaic module can have a long side and a short side. According to exemplary embodiments, the solar cell strings 110 are then arranged parallel to the long side. The first cell string block 101 and the second cell string block 102 are, for example, arranged one above the other along the long side. Adjacent to them, the third cell string block 103 and the fourth cell string block 104 are arranged one above the other along the long side.

[0098] According to the illustrated embodiment, a first bypass element 201 is connected in parallel to both the first cell string block 101 and the second cell string block 102. This first bypass element 201 is, for example, arranged between the first cell string block 101 and the second cell string block 102 and provides a bypass for both the first and second cell string blocks 102 in the event of shading. Furthermore, a second bypass element 202 is connected in parallel to both the third cell string block 103 and the fourth cell string block 104. This second bypass element 202 is arranged between the third cell string block 103 and the fourth cell string block 104 and provides a bypass for both the third and fourth cell string blocks 103 and 104 in the event of shading.

[0099] The photovoltaic module has bypass leads 250 for contacting the bypass elements 201 and 202. A first bypass lead 250a connects the first bypass element 201 to the second string connector 150b, and a second bypass lead 250b connects the second bypass element 202 to the fourth string connector isod. The other end of each bypass element 201 or 202 can be directly connected to the first string connector 150a or the third string connector 150c, respectively. Thus, all four cell string blocks 101, 102, 103, and 104 can be bridged with just two bypass elements 201 and 202. Furthermore, both bypass leads 250a and 250b can be connected to each other.

[0100] Optionally, the bypass leads 250a and 250b can be routed on the back side of the photovoltaic module. In this case, the bypass leads 250a and 250b can be made very thin, for example with a cross-section of approximately 10 mm².

[0101] Page 14 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0102] x 0.05 mm 2 The reverse side, for example, is the side facing away from the light. String connectors 150 and bypass leads 250 can therefore be routed on different levels of the photovoltaic module.

[0103] According to exemplary embodiments, these connectors can fulfill further tasks such as fixing or gluing (to prevent the strings / string blocks from slipping towards each other) or being designed to reflect light in order to redirect the light falling on them back into the cell.

[0104] Since the bypass leads 250 are only current-carrying in the event of overvoltage (e.g., during shading), they can have a smaller cross-section compared to the string connectors 150. Because these leads extend along the long side of the photovoltaic module, significant material savings can be achieved. In contrast, the string connectors 150 extend along the short side of the photovoltaic module, thus limiting the larger cross-sectional area required due to the current and consequently reducing material consumption.

[0105] According to the illustrated embodiment, the photovoltaic module comprises (only) a junction box 300 for electrically connecting the photovoltaic module. The junction box 300 has the bypass elements 201, 202 and the first connection 10 and the second connection 20. The first connection 10 is electrically connected, for example, by means of a first connection cable 410, and the second connection 20, for example, by means of a second connection cable 420. For this purpose, the first bypass element 201 and the second bypass element 202 are advantageously arranged with a small distance between them so that both can be accommodated in the common junction box 300.

[0106] According to the exemplary embodiments, both connecting cables 410, 420 can be connected in the middle so that the box can be kept small.

[0107] Exemplary embodiments achieve this by positioning the bypass elements 201, 202 at an endpoint of the first string connector 150a or the third. Page 15 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0108] String connector 150c, specifically at the endpoint where the first string connector 150a and the third string connector 150c have a minimum distance.

[0109] Similarly, the first electrical connection 10 and / or the second electrical connection 20 can each be coupled to the respective string connector 150a, 150c at a predetermined position. The predetermined position can again be the endpoint where the string connectors 150a, 150c have only the minimum distance between them, so that both connections together with the bypass elements 201, 202 can be accommodated in the common junction box 300.

[0110] According to exemplary embodiments, the first bypass supply line 250a and the second bypass supply line 250b can also be formed by a continuous bypass supply line 250, which electrically connects the second string connector 150b to the fourth string connector i5od. From this continuous bypass supply line 250 thus formed, an electrical connection is established via the first bypass element 201 to the first string connector 150a and an electrical connection is established via the second bypass element 202 to the third string connector 150c.

[0111] A particular advantage of the embodiment of Fig. 2 is therefore that only one junction box 300 is required.

[0112] The embodiment shown in Fig. 2 can be summarized as follows:

[0113] - the strings 110 comprise 120 solar cells connected in series,

[0114] - the string connectors 150 go over three adjacent strings 110,

[0115] - The bypass supply line 250 (cell connectors that do not carry current in unshaded operation) do not contribute to the electrical resistance and can have a smaller copper cross-section.

[0116] - a central connection box 300 can have both exemplary bypass diodes 201, 202 and the two cable connections 10, 20.

[0117] Fig. 3 shows a photovoltaic module with an additional contact option.

[0118] Page 16 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0119] The bypass elements 200 and the first and second connections 10, 20, as they can be configured according to further embodiments. In the embodiment shown, the arrangement of the cell string blocks 101, 102, 103, 104 and their solar cell strings 110 is selected in the same way as already described with reference to Fig. 2. A repetition of the description is therefore not necessary.

[0120] As already explained, the first electrical connection 10 can be connected to the first string connector 150a at a predetermined position. Alternatively or additionally, the second electrical connection 20 can be connected to the third string connector 150c at a predetermined position. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the predetermined position is set at an intermediate position P between two of the solar cell strings 110 (e.g., between the two solar cell strings 110 arranged centrally in the module). The same intermediate position P can be selected for both string connectors 150a and 150c. However, the intermediate positions P can also be chosen differently.

[0121] According to the exemplary embodiments, the bypass elements 201, 202 also couple to this intermediate position P. This is not mandatory, but offers advantages in manufacturing. The other side of the bypass elements 201, 202 in turn couples to the first and second bypass supply lines 250a, 250b (see description of Fig. 2).

[0122] According to exemplary embodiments, the first string connector 150a and / or the third string connector 150c can also have several sections, each arranged only along a fraction of a lateral extent of the respective cell string blocks 100. According to further exemplary embodiments, the string connectors 150 can also be formed in one piece and only have contacts (e.g., solder contacts) at the predetermined position.

[0123] Accordingly, the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of Fig. 3 comprises two junction boxes 300: a first junction box 301 with the first bypass element 201 and the first electrical connection 10 and a second junction box 302 with the second bypass element 202 and the second electrical connection 10. Page 17 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0124] Connection 20. The first connection box 301 can be arranged at the intermediate position P of the first string connector 150a and the second connection box 302 can be arranged at the intermediate position P of the third string connector 150c.

[0125] The use of an intermediate position P causes the current paths to split or branch at this intermediate position. This reduces the current load on the first and third string connectors 150a and 150c. A particular advantage of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is therefore that the current density through the string connectors 150 can be limited, since the electric current to / from the electrical terminals 10 and 20 can be distributed on both sides.

[0126] According to the exemplary embodiments, the respective intermediate position P can also be a midpoint or center point of the respective string connector 150a, 150c. This would further enhance the aforementioned advantage, as the current would then be optimally distributed.

[0127] The embodiment shown in Fig. 3 can be summarized as follows:

[0128] - the strings 110 comprise 120 solar cells connected in series,

[0129] - The bypass leads (cell connectors that do not carry current in unshaded operation) do not contribute to the electrical resistance and can have a smaller material cross-section (e.g., copper, aluminum, or other materials).

[0130] - Two connection boxes 301, 302, each with an exemplary bypass diode 201, 202 and each with a cable connection 10, 20, are provided, - one component of the string connectors 150 can go over two adjacent strings 110,

[0131] - another component of the string connector 150 can go over only one string 110.

[0132] Fig. 4 shows a photovoltaic module with an additional contact option. Page 18 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0133] The bypass elements 200 and the first and second connections 10, 20, as they can be configured according to further embodiments. In the embodiment shown, the arrangement of the cell string blocks 101, 102, 103, 104 and their solar cell strings 110 is selected in the same way as already described with reference to Fig. 2. A repetition of the description is therefore not necessary.

[0134] The embodiment shown differs from the embodiment of Fig. 3 only in that the bypass elements 200 are arranged as described in Fig. 2 (i.e., at an end position), while the first electrical connection 10 and second electrical connection 20 are configured as described in Fig. 3 (i.e., an intermediate position P or center position). Accordingly, the photovoltaic module according to this embodiment comprises three junction boxes:

[0135] - a first junction box 301 for the first electrical connection 10, - a second junction box 302 for the second electrical connection 20 and

[0136] - a third connection box 303 for both bypass elements 201, 202.

[0137] The embodiment of Fig. 4 therefore combines the advantages of the other embodiments, i.e. the current distribution to / from the electrical terminals 10, 20 is optimized, while all bypass elements 200 are arranged in one place in a manufacturing-optimized manner.

[0138] The embodiment shown in Fig. 4 can be summarized as follows:

[0139] - the strings 110 comprise 120 solar cells connected in series,

[0140] - the cell connectors (or string connectors 150) span three adjacent strings 110 or fewer, as shown in Fig. 3,

[0141] - the bypass supply lines (cell connectors that do not carry current in unshaded operation) do not contribute to the electrical resistance and

[0142] Page 19 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0143] may have a smaller copper cross-section

[0144] - Three connection boxes 301, 302, 303 are provided: a central box 303 with two example bypass diodes and two further boxes 302, 302 each with a cable connection 10, 20.

[0145] Fig. 5 shows a photovoltaic module with an additional contact option for the bypass elements 200 or the first and second connections 10, 20, as can be configured according to further embodiments. In the embodiment shown, the arrangement of the cell string blocks 101, 102, 103, 104 and their solar cell strings 110 is chosen in the same way as already described with reference to Fig. 2. A repetition of the description is therefore not necessary.

[0146] The embodiment shown differs from the previous embodiments only in that a separate bypass element 200 is provided for each individual cell string block 100, so that the ends of each individual cell string block 100 can always be short-circuited as needed. Thus, a first bypass element 201 is connected in parallel to the first cell string block 101, a second bypass element 202 is connected in parallel to the second cell string block 102, a third bypass element 203 is connected in parallel to the third cell string block 103, and a fourth bypass element 204 is connected in parallel to the fourth cell string block 104. Accordingly, the first bypass supply line 250a is not connected to the second bypass supply line 250b, but only contacts the corresponding bypass elements 200.

[0147] Fig. 6A shows a further embodiment of the photovoltaic module, which differs from the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in that several bypass feed lines 250c, 250b, 250c, 250t are provided. Similarly, Fig. 6B shows another embodiment of the photovoltaic module, which differs from the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 in that it also has several bypass feed lines 250c, 250b, 250c, 250t.

[0148] In the photovoltaic module from the embodiment shown in Fig. 6A, page 20 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO includes

[0149] String connector 150 consists of four string connectors 150a, 150b, 150c, and i5od, all extending in one direction. A first string connector 150a is located between the first cell string block 101 and the second cell string block 102 and makes contact with them. A second string connector 150b is located between the first cell string block 101 and the third cell string block 103 and makes contact with them. A third string connector 150c is located between the third cell string block 103 and the fourth cell string block 104 and makes contact with them. A fourth string connector i5od is located between the second cell string block 102 and the fourth cell string block 104 and makes contact with them.

[0150] According to exemplary embodiments, the bypass supply lines 250 comprise a first bypass supply line 250c and a second bypass supply line 25od, both of which run parallel between different solar cell strings 110 and electrically connect the second string connector 150b to the fourth string connector 150b. For example, the two bypass supply lines 250c, 25od can be spaced as far apart as possible, i.e., as many parallel solar cell strings 110 as possible are located between the parallel bypass supply lines 250c, 25od. This offers the advantage that the junction boxes can also be placed as far as possible in an edge region of the photovoltaic module, thus keeping the connection lines to adjacent photovoltaic modules short.

[0151] According to exemplary embodiments, the at least one bypass element 200 comprises a first bypass element 201 and a second bypass element 202. The first bypass element 201 can be connected between the first bypass supply line 250c and the first string connector 150a, and the second bypass element 202 can be connected between the second bypass supply line 25od and the second string connector 150c.

[0152] As already explained, the term "switching" or "being switched" should be understood to mean that an electrical connection is formed between the components in question. It can also refer to a corresponding geometric arrangement, but this is not a requirement. Similarly, it is understood that the string connectors are intended to connect the solar cell strings; that is, if a string connector is arranged between two cell string blocks, then it should form an (electrical) connection. Page 21 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0153] Establish a connection between the cell string blocks. The arrangement of the string connectors between two cell string blocks should then refer to the current flow. However, it can also refer to the geometric arrangement. Furthermore, similar reference symbols are used for elements with the same or similar effects. For example, all bypass elements can bear the reference symbol 200, with individual elements being numbered 201, 202, 203, etc. The same applies to the bypass supply lines 250. If individual elements are referenced, they can be numbered individually 250a, 250b, etc.

[0154] The photovoltaic module comprises, for example, a first junction box 301 with the first electrical connection 10 and a second junction box 302 with the second electrical connection 20. The first bypass element 201 can be located in the first junction box 301, and the second bypass element 202 can be located in the second junction box 302. The first junction box 301 can, for example, be located in a central area (e.g., with respect to the long side) near the first string connector 150a. The second junction box 302 can, for example, be located in the central area near the third string connector 150c. The junction boxes 301 and 302 can be arranged arbitrarily along the string connectors 150 in one direction, including near the lateral sides.

[0155] In the photovoltaic module from the embodiment of Fig. 6B, the string connectors 150 again comprise four string connectors 150a, 150b, 150c, isod, which can be arranged and connected in the same way as in Fig. 6A.

[0156] According to the embodiment shown, the bypass supply lines 250 comprise a first bypass supply line 250c, a second bypass supply line 25od, a third bypass supply line 250c and a fourth bypass supply line 250h. The at least one bypass element 200 can similarly comprise a first bypass element 201, a second bypass element 202, a third bypass element 203 and a fourth bypass element 204.

[0157] For example, the first bypass element 201 and the first bypass supply line 250c are connected in series between the first string connector 150a and the second string connector. Page 22 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0158] The second bypass element 202 and the second bypass supply line 25od can be connected in series between the second string connector 150b and the third string connector 150c. The third bypass element 203 and the third bypass supply line 2506 can be connected in series between the first string connector 150a and the fourth string connector 15od. The fourth bypass element 204 and the fourth bypass supply line 250t can be connected in series between the third string connector 150c and the fourth string connector isod.

[0159] For example, the bypass leads 250c, 25od, 2506, 250t can extend parallel to the solar cell strings 110 over almost the entire length of the solar cell strings 110 in order to couple solar cell strings 110 to the respective bypass element 201, 202, 203, 204 at an end section. This offers the advantage that all bypass elements 201, 202, 203, 204 can be housed in respective junction boxes 301, 302.

[0160] The photovoltaic module again comprises, for example, a first junction box 301 with the first electrical connection 10 and a second junction box 302 with the second electrical connection 20. The first bypass element 201 and the third bypass element 203 can be located in the first junction box 301, and the second bypass element 202 and the fourth bypass element 204 can be located in the second junction box 302. In this embodiment as well, the first junction box 301 can be arranged in a central area near the first string connector 150a. The second junction box 302 can, in turn, be arranged in a central area near the third string connector 150c. Both junction boxes 301 and 302 can be arranged arbitrarily in one direction along the string connectors 150 – in particular also near the lateral sides.

[0161] The embodiments shown in Figs. 6A and 6B offer the particular advantage that no electrical conductors need to be placed above or behind the solar cell strings 110. This minimizes the mechanical stress on the solar cell strings 110 (e.g., during or after lamination). At the same time, the junction boxes 301, 302 can be flexibly arranged – especially in an edge region of the photovoltaic module. Separate junction boxes are also not required. (Page 23 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO)

[0162] Required are connections that only serve for connection purposes but do not contain bypass elements. Only two connection boxes 301 and 302 need to be installed, each containing at least one bypass element.

[0163] According to some or all embodiments, the bypass elements 200 may have one or more diodes, which may be housed individually or in combination in junction boxes.

[0164] Advantageous aspects of exemplary embodiments can be summarized as follows:

[0165] In comparison to conventional photovoltaic modules, these embodiments generate a reduced voltage while achieving a higher current. The increased current output is achieved through parallel connection, while simultaneously keeping the solar cell string 110 short to prevent high voltages, and limiting the number of cells connected in series per bypass element to 200.

[0166] Significantly little or no additional material is required for the connectors 150 and 250. Likewise, no dead zones are created in the photovoltaic module, and resistance losses are kept to a minimum. For example, connectors (bypass leads 250) that run parallel to the connected solar cell strings 110 carry no current, or only when the system is switched off.

[0167] Exemplary embodiments allow for electrical connection via a central junction box 300, which includes bypass elements 200 (such as diodes). However, it is also possible to use two or three junction boxes 301, 302, 303 to further reduce the series resistance (optimize current distribution).

[0168] According to exemplary embodiments, in the unshaded case, the current flows in two parallel semicircles. One advantage of exemplary embodiments is that-

[0169] Page 24 of 34 states that in unshaded operation, the current is only routed twice through three adjacent strings each (with one connection box) or once through one string 110, once through two strings 110, and only once through three adjacent strings each (with multiple connection boxes). The current does not flow in a complete circuit within the module.

[0170] The power loss in the string connectors 150 can be reduced to 3.3 watts (with central connection box 300) depending on the wafer format, according to the exemplary embodiments.

[0171] The power output is limited to 2 watts when using two canisters for quarter cells.

[0172] A further advantage of these embodiments is that the use of a central junction box 300 offers cost and reliability benefits, since only one glass opening is required in the photovoltaic module and the single junction box 300 can accommodate both or all of the bypass elements 200. Furthermore, two separate junction boxes 301, 302 could also be located in an edge region of the photovoltaic module without requiring a special edge design.

[0173] The features of the invention disclosed in the description, claims and figures may be essential for the realization of the invention, either individually or in any combination.

[0174] Page 25 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO

[0175]

[0176] 10 first electrical connection

[0177] 20 second electrical connection

[0178] 50 Current conduction

[0179] 100 cell string blocks

[0180] 101 first cell string block

[0181] 102 second cell string block

[0182] 103 third cell string block

[0183] 104 fourth cell string block

[0184] 110 solar cell strings

[0185] 120 solar cells

[0186] 150 string connectors

[0187] 200 bypass elements (e.g. diodes)

[0188] 250 bypass supply line

[0189] 300, 301, 302, ... Junction box(es)

[0190] 410 First electrical connection line 420 Second electrical connection line P Intermediate position (for contacting)

[0191] Page 26 of 34

Claims

IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO REQUIREMENTS 1. Photovoltaic module with: a first electrical connection (10) and a second electrical connection (20), between which a current conductor (50) is formed; and a plurality of cell string blocks (100; 101, 102, 103, 104), wherein each cell string block (100; 101, 102, 103, 104) has several parallel connected solar cell strings (110) and each of the solar cell strings (110) has several solar cells (120) connected in series with respect to the current conduction (50), and wherein the plurality of cell string blocks (100) includes at least one first cell string block (101) and at least one second cell string block (102) which are connected in parallel with respect to the current flow (50).

2. Photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cell string blocks further comprises the following: a third cell string block (103) which is connected in series with respect to the current flow to the first cell string block (101); and a fourth cell string block (104) which is connected in series with respect to the current flow to the second cell string block (102).

3. Photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the current conductor (50) has string connectors (150) which each connect the ends of several solar cell strings (110) from a cell string block (100) or from several cell string blocks (101, 103).

4. Photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the string connectors (150) has multiple components. Page 27 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO 5. Photovoltaic module according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the first electrical connection (10) and / or the second electrical connection (20) each couples to one of the string connectors (150) at a predetermined position and the predetermined position is at least one of the following: an endpoint, a midpoint, an intermediate position (P) between two of the adjacent solar cell strings (110).

6. Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 5, which further comprises at least one bypass element (200) connected in parallel to at least one of the cell string blocks (100).

7. Photovoltaic module according to claim 6, further comprising the following: one or more bypass leads (250) for electrically contacting the at least one bypass element (200), wherein the bypass lead (250) is guided on a rear side and the rear side is a side facing away from light.

8. Photovoltaic module according to claim 7, insofar as it relates back to claim 3, wherein the string connectors (150) have a larger cross-section than the bypass leads (250).

9. Photovoltaic module according to claim 7 or claim 8, further comprising at least one junction box (300) for electrically contacting the photovoltaic module and comprising at least one junction box comprising at least one of the following: - one or more bypass elements (200), - the first electrical connection (10), - the second electrical connection (20), - power electronics for converting the generated electric current. Page 28 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO 10. Photovoltaic module according to claim 9, wherein the at least one junction box comprises one of the following: - three connection boxes (301, 302, 303), one of which (303) includes all bypass elements and the other two (301, 302) each include one of the electrical connections (10, 20), - two connection boxes (301, 302) each with a bypass element (200) and each with one of the electrical connections (10, 20), or - only one junction box (300) with all bypass elements (200) and with the first electrical connection (10) and the second electrical connection (20).

11. Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 7 to 11, insofar as related back to claims 2 and 3, the string connectors (150) have the following features: - a first string connector (150a) that establishes an electrical connection between the first cell string block (101) and the second cell string block (102), - a second string connector (150b) that establishes an electrical connection between the first cell string block (101) and the third cell string block (103), - a third string connector (150c) that establishes an electrical connection between the third cell string block (103) and the fourth cell string block (104), and - a fourth string connector (isod) that establishes an electrical connection between the second cell string block (102) and the fourth cell string block (104), and wherein the one or more bypass leads (250) have a first bypass lead (250c) and a second bypass lead (25od), both of which run parallel between different solar cell strings (110) and page 29 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO electrically connect the second string connector (150b) to the fourth string connector (isod), and wherein the at least one bypass element (200) has a first bypass element (201) and a second bypass element (202), wherein the first bypass element (201) is connected between the first bypass supply line (250c) and the first string connector (150a) and the second bypass element (202) is connected between the second bypass supply line (25od) and the third string connector (150c).

12. Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 7 to 11, insofar as related back to claims 2 and 3, the string connectors (150) have the following features: - a first string connector (150a) that establishes an electrical connection between the first cell string block (101) and the second cell string block (102), - a second string connector (150b) that establishes an electrical connection between the first cell string block (101) and the third cell string block (103), - a third string connector (150c) that establishes an electrical connection between the third cell string block (103) and the fourth cell string block (104), and - a fourth string connector (isod) that provides an electrical connection between the second cell string block (102) and the fourth cell string block (104), and wherein the one or more bypass feeds (250) have a first bypass feed (250c), a second bypass feed (25od), a third bypass feed (250c) and a fourth bypass feed (250^), and wherein at least one bypass element (200) is a first bypass element Page 30 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO (201), a second bypass element (202), a third bypass element (203) and a fourth bypass element (204), and wherein the first bypass element (201) and the first bypass supply line (250c) are connected in series between the first and second string connectors (150a, 150b), the second bypass element (202) and the second bypass supply line (25od) are connected in series between the second and third string connectors (150b, 150c), the third bypass element (203) and the third bypass supply line (250c) are connected in series between the first and fourth string connectors (150a, isod), the fourth bypass element (204) and the fourth bypass supply line (25of) are connected in series between the third and fourth string connectors (150c, isod).

13. Photovoltaic module according to claim 11 or claim 12, insofar as it relates backward to claim 10, comprising a first junction box (301) with the first electrical connection (10) and a second junction box (302) with the second electrical connection (20), wherein the first bypass element (201) according to claim 11 is housed in the first junction box (301) or the second junction box (302), the second bypass element (202) according to claim 11 is housed in the second junction box (301) or the first junction box (301), the first bypass element (201) and the third bypass element (203) according to claim 12 are housed in the first junction box (301) or the second junction box (302), the second bypass element (202) and the fourth bypass element (204) according to claim 12 are housed in the second junction box (302) or the first junction box (302).

14. Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 11 to 14, Page 31 of 34IR-2O25-OOO5 / 126-OO52WO wherein the first bypass supply line (250c) and second bypass supply line (25od) are arranged between solar cell strings in such a way as to achieve a maximum distance from each other, and / or the third bypass supply line (250c) and fourth bypass supply line (25of) are arranged between solar cell strings in such a way as to achieve a maximum distance from each other.

15. Photovoltaic module according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the photovoltaic module has a long side and a short side and the solar cell strings (110) are arranged parallel to the long side.

16. Photovoltaic module according to claim 15, insofar as it relates back to claim 2 and claim 7, wherein the first cell string block (101) and the second cell string block (102) are arranged one above the other along the long side and, to the side of them, the third cell string block (103) and the fourth cell string block (104) are arranged one above the other along the long side, and wherein a first bypass element (201) is arranged between the first cell string block (101) and the second cell string block (102) and bridges the first cell string block (101) and the second cell string block (102) when shaded, and wherein a second bypass element (202) is arranged between the third cell string block (103) and the fourth cell string block (104) and bridges the third cell string block (103) and the fourth cell string block (104) when shaded.

17. Photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the solar cells comprise one or more of the following: full cells, half cells, third cells, quarter cells, fifth cells, sixth cells, a combination thereof. Page 32 of 3418. Photovoltaic module according to one of claims i to 16, wherein each cell string block (100) has a predetermined number of solar cell strings (110) and the predetermined number is a number from the following: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

19. Method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to claim 1. Page 33 of 34

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