Ester emollient for personal care applications

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a compound having the structure of Formula 1: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound is derived from renewable sources. The compound is obtained from isoamyl alcohol derived from sugar cane and succinic acid derived from corn oil. The compound functions as an emollient in cosmetic formulations, a solubilizer for UV filters in sunscreen formulations, and a pigment dispersant in color cosmetic formulations. The compound has a surface tension of ≤27.4 mN / m and an interfacial tension of ≤20.51 mN / m at 25°C. A method of producing the compound and cosmetic compositions comprising the compound are also disclosed.

Description

Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01ESTER EMOLLIENT FOR PERSONAL CARE APPLICATIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 769,361, titled “ESTER EMOLLIENT FOR PERSONAL CARE APPLICATIONS”, filed March 10, 2025, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to ester compounds derived from renewable sources for use as emollients in personal care formulations, and more particularly to Di-Isoamyl Succinate, an ester obtained from the reaction of succinic acid derived from corn oil and isoamyl alcohol derived from sugar cane, which functions as an emollient, UV filter solubilizer, and pigment dispersant in cosmetic compositions.BACKGROUND

[0003] Within the raw materials used in personal care products, emollients are key ingredients in many formulations, playing an important role for performance (i.e., moisturizing) and sensory attributes (such as, for example, texture, wetting behavior, hydrophobicity, surface tension, spreadability, or oily feel).

[0004] Emollients may have different chemical structures, among which esters are one of the most important classes. These ingredients can remain on the skin’s surface, act as lubricants, reduce flaking and improve appearance, decrease water loss, retain moisture, improve the penetration of cosmetics into the skin and boost the texture of the formulation.

[0005] Therefore, emollients are found in products that offer moisturizing properties, such as those for body care (body creams, lotions, deodorants, etc.), hair care and sun protection. In addition to all these benefits, some emollients can also act as UV filter solubilizers in sunscreen formulations. Many emollients used today are derived from petrochemical chemicals. The largest portion of the market is represented by emollients such as mineral oils, silicones and petroleum derived esters, such as isopropyl palmitate and isopropyl myristate.

[0006] Currently, the personal care market has a growing demand for natural ingredients, especially those derived from plant and renewable sources. Consumer awareness about the environmental impacts of products has significantly increased, so companies must strive to provide high-performing, environmentally responsible products. While it represents anAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01opportunity for new raw material development, it also poses challenges for researchers, who must deliver products containing novel renewable ingredients while improving performance. Esters obtained from sustainable and renewable sources of starting materials are important in new cosmetic formulations.SUMMARY

[0007] In some examples, the disclosure describes a compound having the structure of Formula 1: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound is derived from renewable sources. The compound may be derived from isoamyl alcohol obtained from sugar cane and succinic acid obtained from corn oil. The compound may have a surface tension of <27.4 mN / m at 25°C. The compound may have an interfacial tension of <20.51 mN / m at 25°C. The compound may function as an emollient in cosmetic formulations. The compound may further function as a solubilizer for UV filters in sunscreen formulations. The compound may additionally function as a pigment dispersant in color cosmetic formulations.

[0008] In some examples, the disclosure describes a method of producing Di-Isoamyl Succinate. The method includes reacting isoamyl alcohol with succinic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a compound having the structure of Formula 1:(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the isoamyl alcohol is obtained from sugar cane and the succinic acid is obtained from corn oil. The acid catalyst may be selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The reaction may be carried out at a temperature between 100°C and 200°C. The reaction may be carried out under reflux conditions. The method may further include a step of purifying the Di-Isoamyl Succinate by distillation. The purified Di-Isoamyl Succinate may have a purity of at least 95%. The reaction may be carried out in the absence of a solvent.

[0009] In some examples, the disclosure describes a cosmetic composition. The cosmetic composition includes an emollient, wherein the emollient comprises a compound having the structure of Formula 1: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the composition. The composition may further comprise at least one UV filter selected from the group consisting of Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl HexylAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01Benzoate, and Octocrylene. The compound having the structure of Formula 1 may act as a solubilizer for the at least one UV filter. The composition may further comprise at least one pigment. The compound having the structure of Formula 1 may act as a dispersant for the at least one pigment. The composition may be in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, a cream, a gel, and a spray.

[0010] In some examples, the disclosure describes a hair care composition. The hair care composition includes a compound having the structure of Formula 1 :(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound functions as a thermal protective agent for hair fibers. The compound may form a protective film on hair fibers that provides protection against dehydration and alpha-keratin degradation when the hair is exposed to heat from a styling device. The composition may be configured to be applied to hair prior to heat styling with a device selected from the group consisting of a flat iron, a curling iron, and a blow dryer. The hair care composition may further comprise a silicone compound selected from the group consisting of dimethicone, cyclomethicone, and amodimethicone.

[0011] In some examples, the compound has a molecular weight of 258.35 g / mol. The isoamyl alcohol used to form the compound may be a mixture of isomers comprising 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- at greater than 70% and 1-Butanol, 2-methyl- at greater than 10% to less than 30%. The compound may not be derived from palm oil. The compound may have a contact angle of less than 35 degrees on a substrate.

[0012] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound is derived from 100% renewable sources, including isoamyl alcohol from sugar cane and succinic acid from corn oil, thereby providing an environmentally responsible alternative to petrochemical-derived emollients.

[0013] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound exhibits favorable surface tension and interfacial tension properties, which contribute to enhanced spreadability and emulsification characteristics in cosmetic formulations.

[0014] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound functions as a multifunctional ingredient, serving as an emollient, a UV filter solubilizer, and a pigment dispersant within a single cosmetic composition.

[0015] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound demonstrates a decrease in contact angle over time, indicating improved spreading behavior compared to other emollients, which enhances uniform distribution on skin surfaces.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0016] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound is not derived from palm oil, unlike many emollients on the market, thereby addressing sustainability concerns associated with palm oil production.

[0017] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound exhibits compatibility with various UV filters as demonstrated through Hansen Solubility Parameters analysis, facilitating effective solubilization of sunscreen active ingredients.

[0018] A feature and advantage of the present disclosure is that the compound provides a balance between spreadability, absorption, and long-lasting hydration, making it suitable for a wide range of cosmetic product forms including lotions, creams, gels, and sprays.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0019] The disclosure can be understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example graph showing the relationship between molecular weight of emollients and spreadability.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example graph showing the relationship between molecular weight of emollients and viscosity.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example three-dimensional representation of Hansen solubility parameter space with dispersion, polar, and hydrogen bonding axes.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility sphere with compatible and incompatible substances.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example calculation of Hansen Solubility Parameter distance between a solvent and solute.

[0025] FIG. 6A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of di-isoamyl succinate on a substrate.

[0026] FIG. 6B is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of isoamyl caprylate / caprate on a substrate.

[0027] FIG. 6C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of isoamyl cocoate on a substrate.

[0028] FIG. 6D is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of isoamyl palmitate / stearate on a substrate.

[0029] FIG. 6E is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of paraffinum liquidum on a substrate.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0030] FIG. 6F is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of Cl 2 / C 15 alkyl benzoate on a substrate.

[0031] FIG. 6G is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of PPG- 15 stearyl ether on a substrate.

[0032] FIG. 6H is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example contact angle measurement of dimethicone 200 / 350 on a substrate.

[0033] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example graph showing contact angle measurements over time for various emollients.

[0034] FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example comparative graph of contact angles for emollients at initial and five-second time points.

[0035] FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example bar chart of surface tension measurements for various emollients.

[0036] FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example bar chart of interfacial tension measurements for various emollients.

[0037] FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example binary interaction sphere model for Di-Isoamyl Succinate in Hansen solubility parameter space.

[0038] FIG. 12A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and a first UV filter.

[0039] FIG. 12B is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and a second UV filter.

[0040] FIG. 12C is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and a third UV filter.

[0041] FIG. 12D is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and a fourth UV filter.

[0042] FIG. 12E is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and a fifth UV filter.

[0043] FIG. 12F is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and a sixth UV filter.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] For purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nonetheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is intended by the illustration and description ofAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01certain embodiments of the disclosure. In addition, any alterations and / or modifications of the illustrated and / or described embodiment(s) are contemplated as being within the scope of the present disclosure. Further, any other applications of the principles of the disclosure, as illustrated and / or described herein, as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains, are contemplated as being within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0045] Di-Isoamyl Succinate (DIAS) is a novel emollient ester developed for use in personal care formulations. DIAS is a compound having the structure of Formula 1:(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2. The molecular structure of DIAS includes a central 4-carbon succinic acid core with two ester linkages, each connected to an isoamyl moiety containing a branched 5 -carbon chain.

[0046] The compound may be derived from renewable sources. In some cases, DIAS is derived from isoamyl alcohol obtained from sugar cane and succinic acid obtained from corn oil. Sugar cane is a widely available natural raw material, and corn oil provides a sustainable source for succinic acid production. The succinic acid used in DIAS is not derived from palm oil, unlike many emollients on the market. This renewable sourcing of reagents aligns with growing consumer demand for sustainable and environmentally responsible personal care ingredients.

[0047] Succinic acid is a short chain C4 acid. After esterification with isoamyl alcohol, an isoamyl alcohol diester is formed. The isoamyl alcohol may be a mixture of isomers, including 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- (CAS 123-51-3) at greater than 70% and 1-Butanol, 2-methyl- (CAS 137-32-6) at greater than 10% to less than 30%. The resulting diester has a representative molecular weight corresponding to C5 + C5 + C4, totalizing C14. The side chains of the diester may contribute to the tangling of the chains, which may help to increase the viscosity of emulsions.

[0048] DIAS may be synthesized through an esterification reaction between isoamyl alcohol and succinic acid. The esterification reaction produces water as a byproduct and is catalyzed by an acid catalyst. The isoamyl alcohol used in the synthesis may be obtained from sugar cane, while the succinic acid may be obtained from corn oil. The isoamyl alcohol may be a mixture of isomers, comprising 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- (CAS 123-51-3) at greater than 70% and 1-Butanol, 2-methyl- (CAS 137-32-6) at greater than 10% to less than 30%.

[0049] The acid catalyst used in the esterification reaction may be selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. In some cases, other acid catalysts suitable for esterification reactions may be employed. The reactionAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01may be carried out at a temperature between 100°C and 200°C. In some cases, the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions to facilitate the removal of water produced during the esterification and to drive the reaction toward completion.

[0050] The reaction may be carried out in the absence of a solvent. Solvent-free reaction conditions may reduce waste generation and simplify the purification process. The method may further comprise a step of purifying the Di-Isoamyl Succinate by distillation. In some cases, the purified Di-Isoamyl Succinate has a purity of at least 95%.

[0051] The synthesis of DIAS may be carried out on an industrial scale. The production process of DIAS may be optimized to minimize loss and waste generation, yielding a fully optimized supply chain and product lifecycle. This optimization may further enhance the sustainability profile of DIAS as a renewable-sourced emollient.

[0052] As described previously, succinic acid is a short chain C4 acid. After esterification with isoamyl alcohol, which is a C5 alcohol, a diester is formed having a total carbon count of C14 (C5 + C5 + C4). The esterification reaction may be represented as follows: isoamyl alcohol ((CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH) reacts with succinic acid (HOOC(CH2)2COOH) in the presence of an acid catalyst to form Di-Isoamyl Succinate having the structure of Formula 1: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, with water as a byproduct.

[0053] DIAS possesses several physical and chemical properties that characterize the compound for use in personal care applications. DIAS appears as a clear liquid at 25°C. The compound has a Gardner Color of 1.0 maximum, indicating a light coloration suitable for cosmetic formulations. DIAS has a characteristic odor.

[0054] The compound has a water content of 0.2% maximum. DIAS has an acid value of 0.5 mg KOH / g maximum, indicating a low level of free acid in the product. The saponification value of DIAS is 410-440 mg KOH / g, which reflects the ester content of the compound.

[0055] DIAS has a boiling point of 283.2°C at 760 mmHg. The molecular weight of DIAS is 258.35 g / mol. The compound has a density of 0.955 g / cm3at 20°C. When measured as a 5% aqueous solution, DIAS has a pH of 5.5-7.5, indicating a near-neutral to slightly acidic character.

[0056] The flash point of DIAS is 139.5°C, which provides information relevant to handling and storage of the compound. DIAS has a viscosity of maximum 10.0 Pa.s at 25 °CAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01as measured by the BKF method. The compound is insoluble in water, which is consistent with the lipophilic nature of ester emollients used in personal care formulations.

[0057] The CAS Number for Di-Isoamyl Succinate is 818-04-2. DIAS may be sourced from 100% renewable sources, as described previously. The compound may have a defined shelf-life for storage and use in cosmetic formulations.

[0058] Table 1 below summarizes the physical and chemical properties of Di-Isoamyl Succinate.Table 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of Di-Isoamyl SuccinateProperty ValueAppearance at 25 °C Clear liquidGardner Color 1.0 maximumOdor CharacteristicWater Content 0.2% maximumAcid Value 0.5 mg KOH / g maximum Saponification Value 410-440 mg KOH / gBoiling Point 283.2°C at 760 mmHgMolecular Weight 258.35 g / molDensity at 20°C 0.955 g / cm3pH (5% aqueous solution) 5.5-7.5Flash Point 139.5°CViscosity at 25°C (BKF method) 10.0 Pa.s maximumWater Solubility InsolubleCAS Number 818-04-2Renewable Source 100%

[0059] Emollients are ingredients found in skin care products such as creams, lotions, and ointments. Emollients help to soothe and soften the skin by forming a protective film on the skin’s surface. Emollients may relieve dryness, itching, and scaling, making emollients useful for conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and dry or sensitive skin. There are two main typesAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01of emollients: occlusives that form a thick, greasy layer on the skin to prevent moisture loss, and humectants that attract and bind water to the skin, increasing moisture content.

[0060] DIAS functions as an emollient in cosmetic formulations. As an emollient ester, DIAS may provide skin softening and moisturizing effects. The branched structure of the isoamyl groups may contribute to the ability of DIAS to form a protective film on the skin surface. The moderate molecular weight of DIAS may allow for good spreadability and absorption characteristics.

[0061] Some physical and chemical factors may help in selecting an appropriate emollient for a given formulation, including polarity, contact angle, rheological properties, and molecular structure. The contact angle is related to the spreadability of the emollient, and the tension applied is related to the molecular weight of the emollient. A smaller contact angle corresponds to greater spreadability.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 1, a graph illustrates the relationship between the molecular weight of emollients and spreadability. The graph shows a negative linear correlation between molecular weight and spreadability. At lower molecular weights around 200-300 g / mol, spreadability values are highest at approximately 1400 mm2 / 10 min. As molecular weight increases toward 900 g / mol, spreadability decreases substantially to approximately 200 mm2 / 10 min. This inverse relationship demonstrates that emollients with lower molecular weights exhibit greater spreadability on surfaces. DIAS, with a molecular weight of 258.35 g / mol, is expected to demonstrate favorable spreading characteristics compared to higher molecular weight emollients.

[0063] With continued reference to FIG. 1, the data supports the principle that smaller molecules may spread more readily across skin surfaces. The spreadability of an emollient is a property relevant to cosmetic and personal care formulations, as uniform distribution of the emollient on skin may affect product performance and sensory attributes.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 2, a graph illustrates the relationship between the molecular weight of an emollient and viscosity. The graph shows a linear positive correlation, demonstrating that as the molecular weight of an emollient increases, viscosity increases proportionally. Rheological properties are inversely proportional to spreadability when related to molecular weight. In other words, higher molecular weight emollients tend to be more viscous and consequently may exhibit reduced spreadability.

[0065] As described previously, succinic acid is a short chain C4 acid, and after esterification with isoamyl alcohol (C5), a diester is formed having a total carbon count ofAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01Ci4. The side chains of the diester may contribute to the tangling of the chains, which may help to increase the viscosity of emulsions. This tangling effect may be beneficial in formulations where increased viscosity is desired to achieve specific rheological properties or to enhance the stability of emulsion systems.

[0066] Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) are a method used to predict the solubility of ingredients in specific solvents. HSP may aid in the selection of suitable excipients for cosmetic formulations, including sunscreen formulations where solubilization of UV filters is desired. Hansen parameters are based on the interaction of three main components.

[0067] The first component is dispersion force (3d), which represents van der Waals interactions between molecules. The second component is polar force (8p), which reflects dipole-dipole interactions. The third component is hydrogen bonding force (5h), which indicates the ability to form hydrogen bonds. These three parameters together define the solubility characteristics of a given substance.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 3, a three-dimensional coordinate system representing Hansen solubility parameter space is shown. The three axes correspond to the dispersion force (D), hydrogen bonding force (H), and polar force (P) parameters. Within this three-dimensional space, spheres of different colors are positioned to represent different substances and their respective Hansen solubility parameters. The positioning of these spheres relative to one another indicates the solubility compatibility between the represented substances. Closer proximity and overlapping of spheres in Hansen space suggests greater solubility compatibility between the substances.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 4, the Hansen solubility sphere concept is illustrated. A circular sphere is shown containing multiple filled markers representing good solvents or compatible substances that fall within the solubility sphere of a given material. Outside the sphere boundary, open markers represent poor solvents or incompatible substances that lie beyond the solubility range. The dashed circle outline defines the boundary of the Hansen solubility sphere, which indicates the region where substances are predicted to have favorable solubility or compatibility with the target compound. Substances positioned inside the sphere are considered compatible and may be effective for dissolving the material, while substances positioned outside the sphere may have low solubility.

[0070] The compatibility between a solute and a solvent may be predicted through the Hansen solubility distance (Ra). Referring to FIG. 5, the equation for calculating Ra between a solvent and solute is shown (e.g., distance between solvent and solute in Hansen’s space).Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0071] Ra = V(4(<5D1 - <5D2)2+ (<5P1 - <5P2)2+ (<5H1 - <5H2)2)

[0072] The Ra value equals the square root of four times the quantity of 5D1 minus 5D2 squared, plus 5P1 minus 5P2 squared, plus 5H1 minus 5H2 squared. In this equation, 5D1, 5P1, and 5H1 are the Hansen Solubility Parameters of the solute, and 5D2, 5P2, and 5H2 are the Hansen Solubility Parameters of the solvent. If Ra is small, solubility is favorable. A smaller Ra value indicates that the solvent is positioned closer to the solute in Hansen space, suggesting better dissolution potential.

[0073] Many organic sunscreen filters have low solubility in aqueous systems and may require appropriate solvents to ensure effective dispersion. Using Hansen parameters may optimize the selection of solvents for dissolving organic UV filters. Lipophilic esters and emollients may be used to dissolve organic UV filters due to compatibility with their 3d, 8p, and 5h values.

[0074] Contact angle analysis is a method for evaluating the wetting behavior and spreadability of pure emollients on different surfaces. Contact angle analysis helps determine the ability of an emollient to form a uniform film, which is relevant for cosmetic and personal care formulations. The contact angle (0) is the angle formed between a liquid drop and a solid surface. The contact angle indicates how well an emollient spreads on a given substrate.

[0075] When the contact angle 0 is less than 90°, the emollient exhibits high spreadability, indicating hydrophilic or lipophilic surface compatibility. When the contact angle 0 is greater than 90°, the emollient exhibits low spreadability, indicating poor surface wetting. A smaller contact angle corresponds to better spreading characteristics, which is a desirable property for emollient compounds used in personal care formulations where uniform distribution across the skin surface is desired.

[0076] Referring to FIG. 6A, a contact angle measurement photograph shows a liquid droplet of Di-Isoamyl Succinate resting on a solid surface. The droplet appears as a domeshaped profile with a relatively low contact angle, indicating good wetting behavior and spreadability of the liquid on the substrate. The droplet exhibits a smooth, curved upper surface that transitions to meet the horizontal substrate surface at a shallow angle. The shallow profile of the droplet suggests favorable spreading behavior for Di-Isoamyl Succinate.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 6B, a contact angle measurement of a liquid droplet of Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate on a solid surface is shown in a side-view profile. The droplet appears as a dome-shaped formation with a relatively low profile, indicating a small contact angleAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01between the liquid and the substrate. The low contact angle visible in FIG. 6B suggests good wetting properties and high spreadability of Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 6C, a contact angle measurement photograph depicts a liquid droplet of Isoamyl Cocoate resting on a solid surface. The droplet exhibits a relatively low contact angle, as evidenced by the flattened, spread-out appearance rather than a more spherical bead shape. The low profile of the droplet indicates good spreading characteristics for Isoamyl Cocoate.

[0079] Referring to FIG. 6D, a contact angle measurement of a liquid droplet of Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate on a solid surface is shown in a side-view profile. The droplet exhibits a relatively low contact angle, as evidenced by its flattened, spread-out appearance on the surface. The low contact angle visible in FIG. 6D indicates good spreadability characteristics for Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate.

[0080] Referring to FIG. 6E, a contact angle measurement of a liquid droplet of Paraffinum Liquidum on a solid surface is shown. The droplet appears as a dome-shaped or hemispherical profile with a very low contact angle, indicating excellent wetting and spreading characteristics. The droplet has a wide base relative to its height, demonstrating that the liquid spreads readily across the surface.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 6F, a contact angle measurement of a liquid droplet of C12 / C15 Alkyl Benzoate on a solid surface is shown in a side-view profile. The contact angle formed between the droplet edge and the surface appears to be relatively low, indicating good wetting behavior and spreadability of the liquid on the substrate.

[0082] Referring to FIG. 6G, a contact angle measurement of a liquid droplet of PPG- 15 Stearyl Ether on a solid surface is shown. The droplet exhibits a relatively low contact angle, as evidenced by its spread-out, flattened appearance. A lower contact angle indicates better spreadability and wetting characteristics.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 6H, a contact angle measurement of a liquid droplet of Dimethicone 200 / 350 on a solid surface is shown in a side-view profile. The droplet exhibits a relatively low contact angle, as evidenced by its flattened, spread-out appearance on the surface. The low contact angle visible in FIG. 6H indicates good spreadability characteristics for Dimethicone 200 / 350.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 7, a line graph displays contact angle measurements in degrees versus time in seconds for various emollients. The time scale ranges from 0 to 5 seconds and contact angle values range from approximately 10 to 60 degrees. Multiple emollients areAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01compared, each represented by a distinct line style and color. The graph shows how the contact angle of each emollient changes over the 5 -second measurement period.

[0085] As shown in FIG. 7, PPG- 15 Stearyl Ether begins with the highest contact angle at approximately 54 degrees and decreases to around 40 degrees. C12 / C15 Alkyl Benzoate starts near 43 degrees and stabilizes around 35 degrees. Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate begins at approximately 35 degrees and remains relatively stable around 33 degrees. Paraffinum Liquidum starts at about 33 degrees and decreases slightly to approximately 28 degrees. Di-Isoamyl Succinate begins at approximately 33 degrees and decreases to around 27 degrees, demonstrating consistent spreading behavior. Isoamyl Cocoate starts at approximately 30 degrees and stabilizes near 26 degrees. Dimethicone 200 / 350 begins at approximately 21 degrees and decreases to around 15 degrees. Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate starts at approximately 20 degrees and decreases to approximately 14 degrees.

[0086] With continued reference to FIG. 7, the graph demonstrates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate exhibits favorable spreading characteristics with a contact angle below 35 degrees throughout the measurement period, comparable to other high-performing isoamyl esters. The decrease in contact angle over time for Di-Isoamyl Succinate indicates improved spreading behavior as the emollient interacts with the substrate surface.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 8, a comparative graph shows contact angle measurements in degrees for eight different emollients at two time points: t equals 0 seconds and t equals 5 seconds. The emollients listed include Di-Isoamyl Succinate, Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate, Isoamyl Cocoate, Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate, Paraffinum Eiquidum, C12 / C15 Alkyl Benzoate, PPG-15 Stearyl Ether, and Dimethicone 200 / 350.

[0088] As shown in FIG. 8, Di-Isoamyl Succinate exhibits a notable decrease in contact angle from the initial measurement to the 5 -second measurement, indicating improved spreadability over time. The data shows that Di-Isoamyl Succinate, along with Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate, Isoamyl Cocoate, and Dimethicone 200 / 350, maintains contact angles below 35 degrees, suggesting excellent spreading characteristics. The difference between the initial and 5 -second contact angles for Di-Isoamyl Succinate indicates one of the more significant reductions in contact angle among the tested emollients, demonstrating superior spreading behavior compared to other isoamyl esters in the study.

[0089] Surface tension is a parameter that influences the spreading behavior and sensory properties of emollients in cosmetic formulations. Surface tension is typically measured in millinewtons per meter (mN / m) at 25 °C. Emollients with lower surface tension values may exhibit better spreading characteristics on skin surfaces.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0090] Referring to FIG. 9, a horizontal bar chart displays surface tension measurements in mN / m at 25°C for various emollient substances. The chart compares the surface tension values of Di-Isoamyl Succinate, Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate, Isoamyl Cocoate, Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate, Paraffinum Liquidum, C 12 / C 15 Alkyl Benzoate, PPG- 15 Stearyl Ether, and Dimethicone 200 / 350.

[0091] As shown in FIG. 9, Di-Isoamyl Succinate has a surface tension of <27.4 mN / m at 25°C. This surface tension value is relatively low compared to some other emollients shown in FIG. 9. The lower surface tension of Di-Isoamyl Succinate suggests that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may spread more readily on skin surfaces compared to emollients with higher surface tension values.

[0092] Table 2 below summarizes the surface tension measurements for the various emollients.Table 2: Surface Tension Measurements for Various Emollients at 25°CEmollient Surface Tension (mN / m)Di-Isoamyl Succinate 27.4Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate 23.28Isoamyl Cocoate 22.83Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate 29.19Paraffinum Eiquidum 28.96C 12 / C 15 Alkyl Benzoate 30.75PPG- 15 Stearyl Ether 30.67Dimethicone 200 / 350 19.65

[0093] With continued reference to FIG. 9, Dimethicone 200 / 350 exhibits the lowest surface tension at approximately 19.65 mN / m, while Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate shows a surface tension of approximately 23.28 mN / m and Isoamyl Cocoate shows a surface tension of approximately 22.83 mN / m. Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate exhibits a surface tension of approximately 29.19 mN / m, Paraffinum Eiquidum shows a surface tension of approximatelyAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W0128.96 mN / m, C12 / C15 Alkyl Benzoate exhibits a surface tension of approximately 30.75 mN / m, and PPG- 15 Stearyl Ether shows a surface tension of approximately 30.67 mN / m.

[0094] The surface tension of Di-Isoamyl Succinate positions the compound in a favorable range for cosmetic applications. Lower surface tension values generally indicate better spreading ability on skin surfaces, making this property significant for evaluating the compound’s utility as an emollient ingredient. The surface tension properties of Di-Isoamyl Succinate may contribute to the ability of Di-Isoamyl Succinate to provide a smooth application feel and uniform distribution on skin.

[0095] Unlike silicones and ultra-light hydrocarbons, which have lower surface tensions and may provide a dry feel, Di-Isoamyl Succinate may offer a smooth glide with a soft, non-greasy after-feel. Compared to other esters such as Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate and Isoamyl Cocoate, Di-Isoamyl Succinate provides a slightly higher surface tension, which may contribute to better skin adhesion and a refined finish without feeling heavy or greasy. Higher surface tension emollients such as PPG- 15 Stearyl Ether and Cl 2 / C 15 Alkyl Benzoate may tend to form more perceptible layers on the skin, offering increased occlusivity. By incorporating Di-Isoamyl Succinate into a formula, formulators may achieve a balance between hydration and sensory appeal, making Di-Isoamyl Succinate suitable for products targeting a soft-focus skin effect, weightless hydration, and enhanced spreadability.

[0096] Interfacial tension (IFT) is a parameter that reflects the ability of an emollient to spread, emulsify, and interact with other phases such as water, oils, or surfactants. Interfacial tension is typically measured in millinewtons per meter (mN / m) at the oil-water interface. Emollients with lower interfacial tension values may exhibit better wettability and emulsification properties, making such emollients easier to incorporate into aqueous formulations.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 10, a horizontal bar chart displays interfacial tension measurements in mN / m at 25 °C for various emollient substances. The chart compares the interfacial tension values of Di-Isoamyl Succinate, Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate, Isoamyl Cocoate, Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate, Paraffinum Liquidum, C 12 / C 15 Alkyl Benzoate, PPG-15 Stearyl Ether, and Dimethicone 200 / 350.

[0098] As shown in FIG. 10, Di-Isoamyl Succinate has an interfacial tension of <20.51 mN / m at 25°C. This interfacial tension value is relatively low compared to some other substances shown in FIG. 10. The lower interfacial tension of Di-Isoamyl Succinate suggests that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may form a more stable interface with another phase, such as water, and may require less energy to mix or emulsify.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0099] Table 3 below summarizes the interfacial tension measurements for the various emollients.Table 3: Interfacial Tension Measurements for Various Emollients at 25°CEmollient Interfacial Tension (mN / m)Di-Isoamyl Succinate <20.51Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate 16Isoamyl Cocoate 23.36Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate 24.27Paraffinum Liquidum 50.51C 12 / C 15 Alkyl Benzoate 27.1PPG-15 Stearyl Ether 5.87Dimethicone 200 / 350 21.1

[0100] With continued reference to FIG. 10, Paraffinum Liquidum exhibits an interfacial tension of approximately 50.51 mN / m, while C12 / C15 Alkyl Benzoate shows an interfacial tension of approximately 27.1 mN / m. Isoamyl Palmitate / Stearate exhibits an interfacial tension of approximately 24.27 mN / m, and Isoamyl Caprylate / Caprate shows an interfacial tension of approximately 16 mN / m. Dimethicone 200 / 350 exhibits an interfacial tension of approximately 21.1 mN / m, and Isoamyl Cocoate shows an interfacial tension of approximately 23.36 mN / m. PPG-15 Stearyl Ether exhibits an interfacial tension of approximately 5.87 mN / m.

[0101] In industrial applications, such as in the formulation of emulsions or the creation of cosmetic products, a lower interfacial tension may be desirable. Lower interfacial tension may enhance the stability and homogeneity of mixtures, making Di-Isoamyl Succinate a suitable component in processes that require effective blending of immiscible liquids. The interfacial tension properties of Di-Isoamyl Succinate may contribute to the ability of Di-Isoamyl Succinate to function as an emollient in cosmetic formulations where stable emulsion systems are desired.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0102] For Di-Isoamyl Succinate, the binary interaction sphere model was found to be the most suitable Hansen solubility parameter model. Referring to FIG. 11, a three-dimensional Hansen solubility parameter space is shown with two overlapping spheres rendered as wireframe structures. The axes are labeled with D, H, and P representing the three Hansen solubility parameters: dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding forces, and polar forces respectively. The numerical scales on the axes range approximately from 5 to 20 on the vertical axis and from 12.5 to 25 on the horizontal axes.

[0103] As shown in FIG. 11 , the binary interaction sphere model for Di-Isoamyl Succinate includes two overlapping wireframe spheres positioned within the three-dimensional coordinate system. Within and around the spheres are multiple data points represented as small markers. The positioning of data points relative to the spheres indicates compatibility between different components, with points inside the spheres suggesting good solubility and points outside indicating poor solubility.

[0104] With continued reference to FIG. 11 , the binary interaction sphere model represents a larger solubility volume compared to the classic single-sphere model. By considering the interaction of two solvents, this approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the solubility behavior of Di-Isoamyl Succinate. The larger solubility volume represented by the binary interaction sphere model allows for improved formulation strategies and broader application possibilities for Di-Isoamyl Succinate. This model may be particularly relevant for predicting how Di-Isoamyl Succinate interacts with UV filters and pigments in cosmetic formulations, as the overlapping spheres demonstrate how the interaction of two solvents may be considered to provide a more accurate representation of solubility behavior compared to the classic single-sphere model.

[0105] Di-Isoamyl Succinate may function as a solubilizer for UV filters in sunscreen formulations. Many organic sunscreen filters have low solubility in aqueous systems and may require appropriate solvents to ensure effective dispersion. The Hansen solubility parameter analysis described previously demonstrates the compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and various UV filters used in sunscreen formulations.

[0106] A cosmetic composition may comprise Di-Isoamyl Succinate as an emollient and may further comprise at least one UV filter. The at least one UV filter may be selected from the group consisting of Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, and Octocrylene. Di-Isoamyl Succinate may act as a solubilizer for the at least one UV filter in such cosmetic compositions.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0107] Referring to FIG. 12A, a three-dimensional graphical representation shows two spheres positioned within a coordinate system defined by three axes representing Hansen Solubility Parameters. The spheres represent the solubility volumes of Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine in Hansen space. The two spheres are positioned adjacent to each other with partial overlap or intersection between the spheres. The degree of overlap between the spheres indicates the compatibility or solubility potential between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine. The intersection of the solubility spheres shown in FIG. 12A indicates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may effectively solubilize Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine in sunscreen formulations.

[0108] Referring to FIG. 12B, a three-dimensional graphical representation shows Hansen Solubility Parameters space with two overlapping spheres representing Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol. The spheres are positioned such that the smaller sphere partially overlaps with or is contained within the larger sphere. The overlap between the two spheres indicates compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol, where greater intersection suggests better dissolution potential. The Hansen sphere interaction shown in FIG. 12B demonstrates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may effectively solubilize Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol in cosmetic sunscreen formulations.

[0109] Referring to FIG. 12C, a three-dimensional graphical representation shows two spheres positioned in Hansen solubility parameter space representing Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Ethylhexyl Triazone. The axes are labeled with delta d, delta p, and delta h, representing the three Hansen solubility parameters: dispersion forces, polar forces, and hydrogen bonding forces respectively. One sphere is positioned in the lower portion of the space, while a second smaller sphere is located adjacent to and partially overlapping with the first sphere. The overlap or intersection between the two spheres indicates the degree of solubility compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Ethylhexyl Triazone. The Hansen sphere interaction shown in FIG. 12C demonstrates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may effectively solubilize Ethylhexyl Triazone in sunscreen formulations.

[0110] Referring to FIG. 12D, a three-dimensional graphical representation shows two spheres positioned within a coordinate system representing Hansen Solubility Parameters for Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate. The overlapping or intersecting nature of the spheres in Hansen space indicates compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate. The Hansen sphereAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01interaction shown in FIG. 12D demonstrates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may effectively solubilize Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate in cosmetic sunscreen formulations.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 12E, a three-dimensional graphical representation shows two overlapping spheres positioned within a coordinate system representing Hansen Solubility Parameters for Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Octocrylene. The larger sphere represents the solubility sphere of Di-Isoamyl Succinate, while a smaller sphere shown in wireframe is positioned such that the smaller sphere partially overlaps with or is contained within the larger sphere. The overlap between the two spheres indicates compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and Octocrylene, as materials with overlapping Hansen spheres are predicted to have favorable solubility interactions. The Hansen sphere interaction shown in FIG. 12E demonstrates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may effectively solubilize Octocrylene in sunscreen formulations.

[0112] For all of the evaluated UV filters shown in FIG. 12A through FIG. 12E, the solubility sphere of each UV filter shows some level of intersection with the solubility sphere of Di-Isoamyl Succinate, and in some cases, the UV filter solubility sphere is completely enclosed within the sphere of Di-Isoamyl Succinate. The intersection of solubility spheres indicates a strong compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and the UV filters. The intersection suggests that the solubility parameters of the UV filters are sufficiently close to those of Di-Isoamyl Succinate, which promotes effective dissolution and interaction. In cases where the solubility sphere of a UV filter is fully contained within the solubility sphere of Di-Isoamyl Succinate, the containment further emphasizes excellent compatibility, suggesting that these UV filters are likely to be well-solubilized in the presence of Di-Isoamyl Succinate. This compatibility may facilitate the creation of stable sunscreen formulations where the UV filters are effectively dissolved and distributed throughout the cosmetic composition.

[0113] Di-Isoamyl Succinate may additionally function as a pigment dispersant in color cosmetic formulations. A cosmetic composition may comprise Di-Isoamyl Succinate as an emollient and may further comprise at least one pigment. Di-Isoamyl Succinate may act as a dispersant for the at least one pigment in such cosmetic compositions. The pigment dispersed by Di-Isoamyl Succinate may be titanium dioxide.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 12F, a three-dimensional graphical representation shows two spheres positioned within a coordinate system defined by three axes representing Hansen Solubility Parameters. The axes appear to represent the three Hansen solubility parameters, with values ranging approximately from 14 to 22 on one axis, 0 to 8 on another axis, and 0 toAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W016 on the third axis. The smaller sphere is positioned adjacent to the larger sphere. Both spheres partially overlap or intersect with each other in the three-dimensional space. Small dots or markers are visible within or near the spheres, representing specific data points or solubility parameter values.

[0115] As shown in FIG. 12F, the Hansen solubility parameter sphere interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and titanium dioxide demonstrates compatibility between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and the pigment. The degree of overlap between the two spheres indicates the level of compatibility and potential for effective interaction between Di-Isoamyl Succinate and titanium dioxide. The intersection of the spheres suggests favorable characteristics for dispersion of the pigment by Di-Isoamyl Succinate.

[0116] With continued reference to FIG. 12F, Di-Isoamyl Succinate performed well with titanium dioxide in the Hansen solubility parameter analysis, demonstrating the potential of Di-Isoamyl Succinate to improve dispersion of solid ingredients within cosmetic formulations. The interaction between the solubility spheres of Di-Isoamyl Succinate and titanium dioxide indicates that Di-Isoamyl Succinate may effectively disperse titanium dioxide particles throughout a cosmetic composition. This pigment dispersion capability may improve the uniformity of pigment distribution in color cosmetic formulations, which may be beneficial for achieving consistent color and coverage in products such as foundations, tinted moisturizers, and other pigmented cosmetic products.

[0117] Table 4 below summarizes the UV filters and pigments evaluated for compatibility with Di-Isoamyl Succinate using Hansen Solubility Parameters.Table 4: UV Filters Evaluated for Compatibility with Di-Isoamyl SuccinateCompatibility with Di- UV Filter Figure ReferenceIsoamyl SuccinateBis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Compatible (sphere FIG. 12AMethoxyphenyl Triazine intersection)Methylene Bis- Compatible (sphere Benzotriazolyl FIG. 12Bintersection)T etramethylbutylphenolAttorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01Compatible (sphere Ethylhexyl Triazone FIG. 12Cintersection)DiethylaminoCompatible (sphere Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl FIG. 12Dintersection)BenzoateCompatible (sphere Octocrylene FIG. 12Eintersection)Compatible (sphere Titanium Dioxide FIG. 12Fintersection)

[0118] A cosmetic composition may comprise Di-Isoamyl Succinate as an emollient. The emollient comprises a compound having the structure of Formula 1:(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2. The compound may be present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the composition. In some cases, the compound is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight of the composition. In some cases, the compound is present in an amount of 10% to 30% by weight of the composition. In some cases, the compound is present in an amount of 30% to 50% by weight of the composition. The specific amount of Di-Isoamyl Succinate incorporated into a cosmetic composition may be selected based on the desired properties of the final product, including spreadability, moisturization, and sensory characteristics.

[0119] The cosmetic composition may be in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, a cream, a gel, and a spray. In some cases, the cosmetic composition is in the form of a lotion. Lotions are typically fluid emulsions that may be applied to the skin for moisturizing and conditioning purposes. In some cases, the cosmetic composition is in the form of a cream. Creams are typically thicker emulsions that may provide more occlusive properties compared to lotions. In some cases, the cosmetic composition is in the form of a gel. Gels are typically semi-solid formulations that may provide a cooling sensation upon application. In some cases, the cosmetic composition is in the form of a spray. Sprays may provide convenient application and even distribution of the cosmetic composition over skin surfaces.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0120] The cosmetic composition may be in the form of body creams. Body creams incorporating Di-Isoamyl Succinate may provide moisturizing properties and skin softening effects. The cosmetic composition may be in the form of lotions, including body lotions formulated for daily moisturization of the skin. The cosmetic composition may be in the form of deodorants. Deodorants incorporating Di-Isoamyl Succinate may benefit from the spreadability and skin-conditioning properties of the emollient.

[0121] The cosmetic composition may be in the form of hair care products. Hair care products incorporating Di-Isoamyl Succinate may include conditioners, styling products, and hair treatments where the emollient properties of Di-Isoamyl Succinate may contribute to improved texture and manageability of hair.

[0122] In some cases, Di-Isoamyl Succinate may function as a thermal protective agent in hair care compositions. The diester structure of Di-Isoamyl Succinate may allow for efficient permeation into the hair cuticle, which may contribute to enhanced protection of the hair fiber. Di-Isoamyl Succinate may provide protection against dehydration and alpha-keratin degradation when hair is exposed to heat from styling devices. In some cases, the compound may form a protective film on hair fibers, which may help to reduce moisture loss and shield the cuticle from heat damage. Hair care compositions containing Di-Isoamyl Succinate may be applied prior to heat styling with devices such as flat irons, curling irons, or blow dryers. In some cases, the hair care composition may further comprise a silicone compound selected from the group consisting of dimethicone, cyclomethicone, and amodimethicone, which may provide synergistic thermal protection effects when combined with Di-Isoamyl Succinate.

[0123] The cosmetic composition may be in the form of sun protection products. As described previously, Di-Isoamyl Succinate may function as a solubilizer for UV filters in sunscreen formulations. Sun protection products incorporating Di-Isoamyl Succinate may benefit from both the emollient properties and the UV filter solubilization capabilities of Di-Isoamyl Succinate. The combination of emollient function and UV filter solubilization in a single ingredient may simplify formulation development for sun protection products.

[0124] The following prior art documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0125] U.S. Patent No. 6,395,265 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This document describes cosmetic compositions containing a combination of a volatile silicone, a non-volatile silicone, and a non-silicone emollient ester, which provide improved skin feel and moisturization properties.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0126] U.S. Patent No. 8,147,854 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This document describes emollient esters derived from branched chain alcohols and dicarboxylic acids for use in personal care formulations, providing enhanced spreadability and skin conditioning effects.

[0127] U.S. Patent No. 9,023,367 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This document describes renewable-sourced emollient compounds obtained from plant-derived alcohols and organic acids, suitable for incorporation into cosmetic and personal care products.

[0128] The following clauses illustrate example subject matter described herein.

[0129] Clause 1. A compound having the structure of Formula 1:(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound is derived from renewable sources.

[0130] Clause 2. The compound of clause 1, wherein the compound is derived from isoamyl alcohol obtained from sugar cane and succinic acid obtained from corn oil.

[0131] Clause 3. The compound of clause 1, wherein the compound has a surface tension of <27.4 mN / m at 25°C.

[0132] Clause 4. The compound of clause 1, wherein the compound has an interfacial tension of <20.51 mN / m at 25°C.

[0133] Clause 5. The compound of clause 1, wherein the compound functions as an emollient in cosmetic formulations.

[0134] Clause 6. The compound of clause 5, wherein the compound further functions as a solubilizer for UV filters in sunscreen formulations.

[0135] Clause 7. The compound of clause 5, wherein the compound additionally functions as a pigment dispersant in color cosmetic formulations.

[0136] Clause 8. A method of producing Di-Isoamyl Succinate, comprising: reacting isoamyl alcohol with succinic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a compound having the structure of Formula 1: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the isoamyl alcohol is obtained from sugar cane and the succinic acid is obtained from corn oil.

[0137] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0138] Clause 10. The method of clause 8, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 100°C and 200°C.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0139] Clause 11. The method of clause 10, wherein the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions.

[0140] Clause 12. The method of clause 8, further comprising a step of purifying the Di-Isoamyl Succinate by distillation.

[0141] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein the purified Di -Isoamyl Succinate has a purity of at least 95%.

[0142] Clause 14. The method of clause 8, wherein the reaction is carried out in the absence of a solvent.

[0143] Clause 15. A cosmetic composition comprising: an emollient, wherein the emollient comprises a compound having the structure of Formula 1:(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the composition.

[0144] Clause 16. The cosmetic composition of clause 15, wherein the composition further comprises at least one UV filter selected from the group consisting of Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, and Octocrylene.

[0145] Clause 17. The cosmetic composition of clause 16, wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 1 acts as a solubilizer for the at least one UV filter.

[0146] Clause 18. The cosmetic composition of clause 15, wherein the composition further comprises at least one pigment.

[0147] Clause 19. The cosmetic composition of clause 18, wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 1 acts as a dispersant for the at least one pigment.

[0148] Clause 20. The cosmetic composition of clause 15, wherein the composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, a cream, a gel, and a spray.

[0149] Clause 21. A hair care composition comprising: a compound having the structure of Formula 1: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2, wherein the compound functions as a thermal protective agent for hair fibers.

[0150] Clause 22. The hair care composition of clause 21, wherein the compound forms a protective film on hair fibers that provides protection against dehydration and alpha-keratin degradation when the hair is exposed to heat from a styling device.

[0151] Clause 23. The hair care composition of clause 21 or 22, wherein the composition is configured to be applied to hair prior to heat styling with a device selected from the group consisting of a flat iron, a curling iron, and a blow dryer.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01

[0152] Clause 24. The hair care composition of any one of clauses 21-23, further comprising a silicone compound selected from the group consisting of dimethicone, cyclomethicone, and amodimethicone.

[0153] Clause 25. The compound of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the compound has a molecular weight of 258.35 g / mol.

[0154] Clause 26. The compound of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the isoamyl alcohol used to form the compound is a mixture of isomers comprising 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- at greater than 70% and 1-Butanol, 2-methyl- at greater than 10% to less than 30%.

[0155] Clause 27. The compound of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the compound is not derived from palm oil.

[0156] Clause 28. The compound of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the compound has a contact angle of less than 35 degrees on a substrate.

[0157] Clause 29. The cosmetic composition of clause 18, wherein the at least one pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

[0158] Clause 30. The cosmetic composition of any one of clauses 15-20, wherein the compound is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight of the composition.

[0159]

[0160] A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W01CLAIMS1. A compound having the structure of Formula 1 :(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2,wherein the compound is derived from renewable sources.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is derived from isoamyl alcohol obtained from sugar cane and succinic acid obtained from corn oil.

3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has a surface tension of <27.4 mN / m at 25 °C.

4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound has an interfacial tension of <20.51 mN / m at 25 °C.

5. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound functions as an emollient in cosmetic formulations.

6. The compound of claim 5, wherein the compound further functions as a solubilizer for UV filters in sunscreen formulations.

7. The compound of claim 5, wherein the compound additionally functions as a pigment dispersant in color cosmetic formulations.

8. A method of producing Di-Isoamyl Succinate, comprising:reacting isoamyl alcohol with succinic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a compound having the structure of Formula 1 :(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2,wherein the isoamyl alcohol is obtained from sugar cane and the succinic acid is obtained from corn oil.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W019. The method of claim 8, wherein the acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 100°C and 200°C.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the reaction is carried out under reflux conditions.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising a step of purifying the Di-Isoamyl Succinate by distillation.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the purified Di-Isoamyl Succinate has a purity of at least 95%.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the reaction is carried out in the absence of a solvent.

15. A cosmetic composition comprising:an emollient, wherein the emollient comprises a compound having the structure of Formula 1 :(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2,wherein the compound is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the composition.

16. The cosmetic composition of claim 15, wherein the composition further comprises at least one UV filter selected from the group consisting of Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine, Methylene Bis-Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, and Octocrylene.

17. The cosmetic composition of claim 16, wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 1 acts as a solubilizer for the at least one UV filter.

18. The cosmetic composition of claim 15, wherein the composition further comprises at least one pigment.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W0119. The cosmetic composition of claim 18, wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 1 acts as a dispersant for the at least one pigment.

20. The cosmetic composition of claim 15, wherein the composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of a lotion, a cream, a gel, and a spray.

21. A hair care composition comprising :a compound having the structure of Formula 1:(CH3)2CHCH2CH2CO2(CH2)2CO2CH2CH2CH(CH3)2,wherein the compound functions as a thermal protective agent for hair fibers.

22. The hair care composition of claim 21, wherein the compound forms a protective film on hair fibers that provides protection against dehydration and alpha-keratin degradation when the hair is exposed to heat from a styling device.

23. The hair care composition of claim 21 or 22, wherein the composition is configured to be applied to hair prior to heat styling with a device selected from the group consisting of a flat iron, a curling iron, and a blow dryer.

24. The hair care composition of any one of claims 21-23, further comprising a silicone compound selected from the group consisting of dimethicone, cyclomethicone, and amodimethicone.

25. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the compound has a molecular weight of 258.35 g / mol.

26. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the isoamyl alcohol used to form the compound is a mixture of isomers comprising 1 -Butanol, 3-methyl- at greater than 70% and 1-Butanol, 2-methyl- at greater than 10% to less than 30%.

27. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the compound is not derived from palm oil.Attorney Docket No.: 5316.009W0128. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the compound has a contact angle of less than 35 degrees on a substrate.

29. The cosmetic composition of claim 18, wherein the at least one pigment comprises titanium dioxide.

30. The cosmetic composition of any one of claims 15-20, wherein the compound is present in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight of the composition.

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