Vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system and method of rearing fish with reduced handling

Abstract

Disclosed is a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system comprising a plurality of aquaculture tanks arranged in a vertical stack configuration, each tank of said plurality being configured to receive a dedicated inflow of fresh water independent of other tanks, discharge effluent independently to a waste conduit without cross-contamination between tanks, incorporate a dual-drain outlet system comprising a first outlet for clarified water and a second outlet for particulate-laden water, a hydrodynamic transfer mechanism between each vertically adjacent pair of tanks, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism comprising a transfer conduit, controllable valves configured to selectively enable gravity-fed fish transfer, and an automated cleaning subsystem for each tank comprising high-pressure jet nozzles, an articulating delivery mechanism, and control systems configured to activate said cleaning subsystem upon tank evacuation.

Description

[0001] VERTICALLY STACKABLE FLOW-THROUGH AQUACULTURE SYSTEM AND METHOD OF REARING FISH WITH REDUCED HANDLING TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates generally to aquaculture technology, and more particularly to a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system and a method for rearing fish in vertically stacked tanks with reduced handling.

[0003] BACKGROUND

[0004] Aquaculture systems are designed to efficiently raise fish in controlled environments, often with the goal of minimizing resource use and fish stress while maximizing productivity. Traditional flow-through systems often cascade water from one tank to the next, risking cross-contamination and complicating water quality control, with water consumption ranging from 100-1000 litres per kilogram of fish produced requiring significant operational oversight. Traditional recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) conserve water via horizontal tank arrangements and closed-loop filtration but frequently require manual fish transfers every 6-8 weeks, increasing handling stress and mortality. Vertical stacking has been explored (e.g., US 9,021,987), yet these systems typically lack independent water management and rely on mechanical or manual transfers, not fully addressing biosecurity or labour inefficiencies. Moreover, tank cleaning remains labour-intensive, and advanced automation, such as Al-driven control, is rarely integrated into vertical flow-through designs.

[0005] Some systems adopt a "flow-through" approach to supply fresh water continuously. However, conventional flow-through systems commonly pass water from one tank into the next, risking cross-contamination and complicating water quality management. Additionally, fish must often be physically netted and moved between tanks when they outgrow their initial space or need to progress to a different growth stage, typically occurring every 6-8 weeks in conventional systems, introducing further risk of physical damage, stress, and disease spread.

[0006] Recent developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled more sophisticated control of aquaculture systems, yet these advances have not been fully integrated with vertical stack configurations. Additionally, existing systems often lack robust emergency management capabilities and flexibility for different species requirements. Thus, there exists a technical problem of how to provide a modular, vertically stacked aquaculture system with independent fresh-water inflow and independent effluent removal, combined with an automated means of hydrodynamic fishtransfer. Such a system would reduce handling, lower fish mortality, improve water quality control, and streamline tank sanitization.

[0007] Therefore, in light of the foregoing discussion, a technical gap exists for a modular, vertically stacked flow-through system that combines independent freshwater inflows, gravity-fed hydrodynamic fish transfer, and automated cleaning to reduce handling stress, enhance biosecurity, and streamline operations, particularly for coldwater species like trout.

[0008] SUMMARY

[0009] The present disclosure provides a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system and method for rearing fish, with reduced handling. The system features a plurality of vertically stacked tanks, a distribution manifold configured to supply fresh water to the plurality of aquaculture tanks via respective inlet pipes, and a plurality of valves configured to control inflow of fresh water through the inlet pipes, each tank receiving a dedicated freshwater inflow and discharging effluent independently to a waste conduit, preventing cross-tank contamination. A dual-drain outlet system with a swirl separator separates clarified and particulate-laden water, while a hydrodynamic transfer mechanism with sensor-controlled conduits enables gravity-fed fish movement between tanks, minimizing stress. An automated cleaning subsystem, featuring multi-axis high-pressure jet nozzles, ensures biosecurity post-transfer. A centralized Al-driven control platform optimizes water quality, feed distribution, and emergency responses, enhancing operational efficiency and fish welfare. This integrated design overcomes limitations of cascading flow-through and recirculating systems by synergistically combining independent water management, automated transfer, and advanced control in a vertical configuration.

[0010] Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprise", "include", "have", and "contain" and variations of these words, for example "comprising" and "comprises", mean "including but not limited to", and do not exclude other components, items, integers or steps not explicitly disclosed also to be present. Moreover, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise.

[0011] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a vertically stackable aquaculture system, showing multiple tanks arranged in descending order;FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a single tank with a dual-drain outlet, swirl separator region, and high-pressure cleaning jet mechanism;

[0012] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting the hydrodynamic transfer conduit between the upper tank and the lower tank, including valves and control systems;

[0013] FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram illustrating the method steps for fish rearing, from stocking in the uppermost tank to harvest at the lowermost tank;

[0014] FIGS. 5A and 5B a schematic side view of a vertically stackable aquaculture system, showing five tanks arranged in descending order;

[0015] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0016] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present disclosure are also possible.

[0017] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system comprising a plurality of aquaculture tanks arranged in a vertical stack configuration, each tank of said plurality being configured to receive a dedicated inflow of fresh water independent of other tanks. Furthermore, in the first aspect the disclosure provides vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system that discharges effluent independently to a waste conduit without cross-contamination between tanks, incorporate a dual-drain outlet system comprising a first outlet for clarified water and a second outlet for particulate-laden water, and a hydrodynamic transfer mechanism between each vertically adjacent pair of tanks. Moreover, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism includes a transfer conduit, controllable valves configured to selectively enable gravity-fed fish transfer, an automated cleaning subsystem for each tank comprising high-pressure jet nozzles, an articulating delivery mechanism and control systems configured to activate said cleaning subsystem upon tank evacuation.

[0018] Throughout the present disclosure, the term "vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system" refers to a fish rearing system where a plurality of aquaculture tanks (e.g., 3-5 tanks) are arranged in a vertical stack, each optimized for coldwater species like trout (e.g., 8-15°C, 8-14 mg / L dissolved oxygen). Each tank receives a dedicated freshwater inflow via an inlet pipe connected to a distribution manifold, the pipe inlet including a valve configured to control inflow of fresh water to the respective aquaculture tank (e.g., 5-10 cm diameter, 50-100 L / min flow rate). Effluent discharges independently to a waste conduit (e.g., 15 cm diameter PVC) via an outlet connection fluidly connected to the wasteconduit, thereby preventing cross-tank flow and reducing pathogen transmission risks by at least 90% compared to cascading systems.

[0019] Throughout the present disclosure, the term "dedicated inflow of fresh water" refers to a separate water supply line for each tank that operates independently of other tanks in the stack. Notably, the system ensures that each tank maintains optimal water quality without being affected by conditions in other tanks along with a precise control over water parameters and reduced risk of system-wide contamination events.

[0020] Throughout the present disclosure, the term "dual-drain outlet system" refers to a specialized drainage configuration comprising two distinct outlets, which includes a first outlet for clarified water and a second outlet for particulate-laden water. The dual-drain design employs strategic flow patterns to separate solid waste from clean water, improving waste removal efficiency by 20-30% over single-drain designs, while maintaining optimal tank conditions.

[0021] Throughout the present disclosure, the term “hydrodynamic transfer mechanism" refers to a system that enables fish movement between tanks using controlled water flow and gravity, which comprises a transfer conduit and actuated valves that can be selectively activated to facilitate fish transfer without physical handling. Flow rate sensors (e.g., 0-200 L / min) monitoring water transfer per minute combined with anti-backflow check valves ensure controlled movement (e.g., 10-200 fish / min). Sensors monitor fish size (e.g., optical scanners, 5-60 cm range) and density (e.g., biomass >2 kg / m3triggers transfer). In a preferred embodiment, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism is arranged between vertically adjacent aquaculture tanks, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism includes the transfer conduit extending between a higher tank and a lower tank, a flow rate sensor, an anti-backflow valve, and actuated valves configured to selectively enable gravity-fed fish transfer.

[0022] Notably, this approach reduces fish stress by 50% compared to netting, as measured by cortisol levels in addition to reducing potential injury compared to traditional netting methods.

[0023] Throughout the present disclosure, the term “automated cleaning subsystem" refers to a post-transfer integrated cleaning system featuring high-pressure jet nozzles (e.g., 50-100 bar, 10-150 L / min) mounted on multi-axis articulating delivery mechanisms, (e.g., 3 degrees of freedom, 0.5 m reach). The cleaning system activates automatically upon tank evacuation, utilizing precisely controlled programmable spray patterns (e.g., spiral, grid) removing biofilm and debris in 5-10 minutes, removing manual labour and ensuring <10CFU / cm2pathogen levels achieving reduced maintenance downtime and improved sanitation efficiency compared to manual cleaning methods. In a preferred embodiment, the automated cleaning subsystem includes high-pressure jet nozzles mounted on the multi-axis articulating delivery mechanism, control systems configured to activate the cleaning subsystem upon evacuation of the aquaculture tank, and a programmable spray pattern configured to clean internal surfaces of the aquaculture tank.

[0024] The aforementioned system is used to enhance operational efficiency through vertical integration while minimizing fish stress and maintaining optimal water quality. The system actively manages water flow and fish transfer operations in real time, reducing the likelihood of cross-contamination and improving overall system reliability. Moreover, the system enhances scalability through its modular design. Furthermore, the reliance of the system on automated processes and independent tank management enhances its adaptability to various aquaculture applications, making it suitable for diverse species and production scales.

[0025] Throughout the present disclosure, the term "swirl separator" refers to a hydrodynamic device integrated within the dual-drain outlet system that creates a controlled vortex flow pattern. Notably, this swirl action enhances particle separation by directing heavier solid waste toward the second outlet while allowing clarified water to exit through the first outlet. The flow guides are strategically positioned to optimize this separation process, while independent control valves enable precise management of discharge rates from each outlet.

[0026] Throughout the present disclosure, the term "actuated valves" refers to automatically controlled flow regulators in the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism that operate for predetermined durations. The valves work in conjunction with integrated sensors that monitor fish size and population density to determine optimal transfer timing. Notably, this automated system ensures precise control over fish transfer operations while maintaining biosecurity through specialized cross-contamination prevention protocols.

[0027] Throughout the present disclosure, the term "centralized control platform" refers to an integrated management system that enables remote adjustment of critical operational parameters. The platform continuously monitors and regulates water flow rates through individual tank inlets, dissolved oxygen concentrations via integrated sensors, temperature through automated heating / cooling systems, feeding schedules based on biomass calculations, and cleaning cycles synchronized with tank operations.An Al-driven platform (e.g., reinforcement learning algorithms) integrates real-time sensor data (e.g., DO, pH, temperature) to optimize feed distribution (e.g., ±5% accuracy), water flow (e.g., ±2 L / min), and emergency responses. Predictive failure detection (e.g., 95% accuracy for pump anomalies) triggers backup systems (e.g., 10 kW generator, 5 L / min oxygen injection).

[0028] Optionally, the dual-drain outlet system further comprises a swirl separator configured to direct solid waste toward said second outlet, flow guides positioned to enhance separation of particulate matter, and an independent control valve for each outlet. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "swirl separator" refers to a specialized component within the dual-drain outlet system that utilizes circular flow patterns to enhance waste separation. Notably, the swirl separator works in conjunction with strategically positioned flow guides to direct solid waste toward the second outlet while maintaining water flow efficiency. The independent control valves for each outlet enable precise control over discharge rates, providing an optimized waste removal and improved water quality maintenance.

[0029] Optionally, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism further comprises actuated valves configured to open for a predetermined duration, automated control systems to prevent cross-contamination between tanks and sensors configured to monitor fish size and population density. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "actuated valves" in the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism refers to automatically controlled flow regulators that operate for specific durations based on programmed parameters. The automated control systems utilize data from integrated sensors monitoring fish size and population density to determine optimal transfer timing while preventing cross-contamination between tanks with reduced fish stress during transfers and maintained biosecurity between tank levels. Optionally, the system further comprises a centralized control platform configured to remotely adjust water flow rate, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, feeding schedules, and cleaning cycles. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "centralized control platform" refers to an integrated management system that provides remote adjustment capabilities for critical operational parameters. The platform monitors and controls water flow rates, oxygen levels, temperature, feeding schedules, and cleaning cycles through a unified interface. Notably, this centralization enables real-time response to system changes and optimizes operational efficiency.

[0030] Optionally, the system further comprises a lighting system in each tank configured to adjust intensity and / or colour temperature based on fish developmental stage and a mechanical or sensor-based feed dispenser controlled remotely based on real-time fish biomass estimates. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "lighting system" refers toadjustable illumination units installed in each tank that can modify both intensity and color temperature. The system automatically adapts to fish developmental stages, while the "mechanical or sensor-based feed dispenser" utilizes real-time biomass data to optimize feed distribution with an enhanced growth rates and reduced feed waste.

[0031] Optionally, the system further comprises a heat-exchange system maintaining optimal temperature ranges, species-specific environmental parameter controls, and automated adjustment capabilities based on programmed requirements. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "heat-exchange system" refers to temperature management infrastructure that maintains optimal conditions for specific species. The system incorporates automated adjustment capabilities based on programmed requirements and species-specific environmental parameters.

[0032] Optionally, the system further comprises a plurality of parallel vertical stacks in a modular configuration, interconnected control systems enabling coordinated operation, independent water supplies and waste removal for each stack, and modular expansion interfaces for horizontal addition of stacks. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "parallel vertical stacks" refers to multiple vertically arranged tank systems configured in a modular format. The interconnected control systems enable coordinated operation while maintaining independent water supplies and waste removal. Notably, the modular expansion interfaces facilitate horizontal addition of stacks, providing a scalable production capacity.

[0033] Optionally, the system further comprises an artificial intelligence optimization system configured to monitor and adjust feed distribution parameters in order to analyze fish growth rates and feeding behavior. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "artificial intelligence optimization system" refers to an advanced monitoring and control system that analyzes feed distribution patterns and fish behavior. The system continuously adjusts feeding parameters based on growth rates and behavioral analysis, resulting in improved feed conversion efficiency and reduced waste.

[0034] Optionally, the system further comprises an emergency management system comprising integrated backup power generation, automated oxygen injection systems, water quality preservation protocols, and backup mechanical transfer systems. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "emergency management system" refers to a comprehensive backup infrastructure incorporating power generation, oxygen injection, and mechanical transfer systems. The system automatically activates protocols to preserve water quality and maintain critical operations during emergencies.Optionally, the system includes a waste processing system incorporating solid waste collection mechanisms, nutrient recovery systems, water recycling capabilities, and an integrated aquaponics subsystem. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "waste processing system" refers to an integrated network of mechanisms for collecting and processing solid waste, recovering nutrients, and recycling water. The system includes an aquaponics subsystem that utilizes processed waste for additional agricultural production. As a result, the resource utilization efficiency is improved while providing an additional revenue streams through complementary production.

[0035] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of operating a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system, said method comprising stocking fish fingerlings in an uppermost tank of a vertical stack, monitoring fish growth and water parameters via a plurality of sensors, activating hydrodynamic transfer operations when fish reach predetermined size thresholds, cleaning evacuated tanks through automated high-pressure systems, progressing fish cohorts downward through the stack until final harvest, and delivering harvest-weight cohort to adjacent processing plant via gravity-fed transfer. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "method of operating a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system" refers to a systematic process for managing fish production in a vertical tank configuration. The method begins with stocking fingerlings in the uppermost tank and progresses through continuous monitoring, transfer operations, and cleaning cycles until final harvest. Notably, this systematic approach enables efficient fish production while maintaining optimal growing conditions throughout the rearing cycle. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "monitoring fish growth and water parameters" refers to continuous data collection through multiple sensor types including but not limited to optical, chemical, and physical sensors. The monitoring system tracks key metrics such as fish size, water quality, and system performance in real-time with comprehensive monitoring is optimized growth conditions and early detection of potential issues.

[0036] Optionally, the method further includes machine learning algorithm implementation for analyzing feeding response patterns, optimizing growth rates, managing water quality, and controlling feed distribution. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "machine learning algorithm implementation" refers to advanced computational systems that analyze feeding patterns and optimize growth rates. The algorithms process data from multiple sources to analyze feeding response patterns, optimize growth rates through feed adjustments, manage water quality parameters, and control feed distribution timing andquantity and provides an improved feed conversion efficiency and reduced operational costs.

[0037] Optionally, the method further includes further comprising predictive maintenance scheduling through sensor data analysis, pattern recognition of equipment performance, and water quality trend monitoring. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "predictive maintenance scheduling" refers to an automated system that analyzes sensor data and equipment performance patterns to anticipate maintenance needs. The system utilizes pattern recognition algorithms to identify potential issues before they become critical, providing reduced downtime and improved system reliability.

[0038] Optionally, the method further includes further comprising artificial intelligence-based image analysis for continuous monitoring of fish behavior and appearance patterns to detect early signs of disease or stress, automatically adjusting system parameters and alerting operators when intervention is required.

[0039] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a control and monitoring system comprising a processor configured to manage system operations, real-time sensor arrays for monitoring water quality parameters, fish biomass, and system performance, local edge computing nodes for immediate data processing and system response, a cloud-integrated data analysis platform for system optimization, an artificial intelligence module configured to process real-time sensor data for system optimization, generate predictive maintenance schedules based on historical and current performance data, optimize feed distribution and growth parameters, and detect and respond to potential system anomalies, an emergency management subsystem comprising automated protocols for system failure response, redundant communication channels for alert notification, critical parameter monitoring and control loops and backup system activation protocols. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "control and monitoring system" refers to an integrated management platform comprising a central processor for system operations real-time sensor arrays, edge computing nodes, and cloud-integrated analysis platform The system provides immediate data processing and response capabilities while enabling long-term optimization through historical data analysis.

[0040] Optionally, the control and monitoring system further comprises a cross-stack coordination module configured to manage resource sharing between parallel vertical stacks, coordinate emergency responses across multiple stacks, optimize system-wide performance, and enable modular system expansion.In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for emergency management in a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system, comprising monitoring critical system parameters including dissolved oxygen levels, water temperature, power supply status, and water flow rates, implementing emergency protocols upon detection of system failures, including activating backup power generation for critical systems, initiating emergency oxygen injection, maintaining minimal water circulation, and preserving critical water quality parameters, managing emergency fish transfer protocols, comprising activating backup mechanical transfer systems when necessary, maintaining safe environmental parameters during transfer, coordinating transfer timing with available resources, and ensuring minimal fish stress during emergency operations and executing system recovery procedures, including systematic restoration of normal operations, verification of system stability, documenting of emergency event data, and analysing system response effectiveness. Throughout the present disclosure, the term "emergency management method' refers to a comprehensive protocol system for handling system failures and maintaining critical operations. The method incorporates continuous monitoring of critical parameters, an automated emergency response protocols, backup system activation procedures, and recovery and documentation processes Notably, this systematic approach ensures system resilience and rapid recovery from operational disruptions.

[0041] Advantageously, the vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system is used to optimize space utilization, water quality management, and operational efficiency. Each tank operates independently with dedicated inflow and outflow, preventing cross-contamination while enabling precise environmental control. The dual-drain outlet system enhances waste management by separating clarified and particulate-laden water, reducing biofouling risks. Hydrodynamic transfer mechanisms allow gravity-fed fish movement between tanks, minimizing handling stress and labor requirements. Automated cleaning subsystems ensure continuous sanitation, reducing manual intervention. Moreover, the Al-driven monitoring and control systems optimize feed distribution, growth conditions, and predictive maintenance, improving fish health and resource efficiency. Additionally, modular stack configurations enable scalable expansion, making the system adaptable for various production capacities.

[0042] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, illustrated is a schematic side view of a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system 100. The system 100 comprises three primary tanksarranged vertically including an uppermost tank 102 for fingerling stocking, a middle tank 104 for intermediate growth, and a bottom tank 106 for final growth and harvest. Each tank is equipped with an inlet pipe 110 connected to a distribution manifold supplying fresh water, associated valves configured to control inflow of fresh water, and an outlet connection 120 fluidly connected to a waste conduit for independent effluent discharge. The system comprises the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism arranged between vertically adjacent aquaculture tanks, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism including a transfer conduit extending between a higher tank and a lower tank, a flow rate sensor disposed in the transfer conduit, an anti-backflow valve, and actuated valves configured to selectively enable gravity-fed fish transfer.. Each tank incorporates a Dual-Drain system that effectively separates particulate-rich and clarified water flows, with the outlets conceptually separating these two water flows. The uppermost tank 102 serves as the entry point for fingerlings at the uppermost level, while the bottom tank 106 functions as the harvest tank at the lowest level. As a result, such vertical arrangement of the tanks from top to bottom with independent water management for each tank prevents cross-contamination between levels while enabling efficient use of gravity for both water flow and fish transfer operations. The overall vertical aquaculture system 100 represents a complete production unit where fish progress downward through the stack as they grow.

[0044] Referring to FIG. 2, illustrated is a cross-sectional view of a single tank showing the internal components and water flow management system. The tank wall 202 forms the container boundary enclosing the fish space. Each aquaculture tank comprises an automated cleaning subsystem 204 including high-pressure jet nozzles 222 mounted on a multi-axis articulating delivery mechanism, control systems configured to activate the automated cleaning subsystem upon evacuation of the aquaculture tank, and a programmable spray pattern configured to clean internal surfaces of the aquaculture tank. The system includes water inflow points 206 at or near the top or side of the tank, which may include diffusers or nozzles to reduce turbulence in the fish space. At the bottom, the dual-drain outlet system 208 incorporates a swirl / baffle arrangement that guides solids toward the particulate outlet. The dual-drain configuration separates into two outlets, such as a particulate outlet positioned lower for sediment and solid waste removal and a clarified water outlet positioned slightly higher for removing relatively cleaner water. Both outlets lead to the waste conduit while maintaining separate flow paths for particulate-rich and clarified water, which enables efficient waste removal while minimizing turbulence in the fish space during normal operation.Referring to FIG. 3, illustrated is a diagram depicting the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism between an upper tank 102 and a lower tank 106. The transfer system comprises a Transfer Conduit that connects the two tanks, with an intermediate control module housing Actuated Valves controlling the flow and providing sensor feedback. The upper tank 102 contains water and fish with its own Dual-Drain system leading to a waste conduit. When transfer is initiated, the valve system opens to allow water and fish to flow from the upper tank to the lower tank 106 using gravity. The valve actuation system may utilize motorized valves, pneumatic actuators, or solenoids, all controlled by the central system to open or close the conduit for a preset time interval. Moreover, such hydrodynamic transfer mechanism enables fish movement between tanks without manual handling, with the lower tank receiving fish from above while maintaining its own Dual-Drain system connected to the waste conduit. The entire transfer process is monitored and controlled through sensor feedback to ensure safe and efficient fish transfer operations.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 4, illustrated is a process flow diagram depicting the operational sequence of the vertically stackable aquaculture system. The process begins at step 402 with stocking fingerlings in the uppermost tank 102, followed by step 404 where each tank receives independent freshwater inflow 110 and discharges effluent to waste. At step 406, the system continuously monitors fish growth and water parameters through various sensors and cameras for biomass confirmation. Step 408 involves hydrodynamic transfer of fish to the next lower tank via transfer conduit once target size is reached, eliminating the need for manual netting. At step 410, the vacated upper tank is drained and sanitized using high-pressure cleaning jets, followed by refilling for the next cohort. Finally, at step 412, the cycle repeats with steps 406-410 progressing down through the stack until fish reach harvest size in the bottom tank, where they are transferred to the adjacent processing facility. Moreover, such process ensures efficient fish production while maintaining optimal growing conditions and minimizing handling stress throughout the rearing cycle.

[0046] Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, illustrated is a schematic side view of an expanded vertically stackable aquaculture system comprising five tanks 502, 504, 506, 508, 510 arranged in descending order. The configuration progresses from the top tank 502 positioned at +4.0m with 92.5m3volume, through intermediate tanks 504, 506, 508 at +3.5m (118m3), +2.25m (155m3), and +2.0m (200m3), down to the bottom tank 510 at +1.5m with 275m3volume, demonstrating increasing volume capacity as fish progress downward. Each tank incorporates a sloped bottom design for improved waste collection,dual drain outlets, independent valve controls for water management, monitoring sensors for fish tracking, and a cross-flow water circulation pattern. The system infrastructure includes a central freshwater distribution system with independent inlets for each tank, vertical support columns on the right side, transfer conduits connecting adjacent tanks, a foundation base at ground level (indicated by hatched pattern), and a processing unit connection at the bottom. The total system capacity of approximately 800m3is managed through independent water control systems for each level, with gravity-assisted transfer mechanisms between tanks, enabling efficient fish progression from fingerling to harvest size while maintaining optimal growing conditions at each stage through integrated sensor and control systems.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system comprising:a plurality of aquaculture tanks arranged in a vertical stack configuration; a distribution manifold configured to supply fresh water to the plurality of aquaculture tanks;a plurality of inlet pipes each fluidly connecting the distribution manifold to a respective aquaculture tank of the plurality of aquaculture tanks;a plurality of valves configured to control inflow of fresh water through the inlet pipes;a waste conduit configured to receive effluent from each of the plurality of aquaculture tanks;wherein each aquaculture tank comprises:an inlet pipe connected to the distribution manifold wherein the inlet pipe is configured to receive a dedicated inflow of fresh water;a dual-drain outlet system comprising:a first outlet for clarified water;a second outlet for particulate-laden water; anda swirl separator configured to generate a centrifugal flow pattern directing solid waste toward the second outlet;an outlet connection fluidly connected to the waste conduit for discharging effluent independently to the waste conduit without water flow into any other tank, thereby preventing cross-contamination;a hydrodynamic transfer mechanism arranged between vertically adjacent aquaculture tanks, the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism comprising:a transfer conduit extending between a higher tank of the plurality of aquaculture tanks and a lower tank of the plurality of aquaculture tanks; a flow rate sensor disposed in the transfer conduit;an anti-backflow valve disposed in the transfer conduit; and actuated valves configured to selectively enable gravity-fed fish transfer from the higher tank to the lower tank at a controlled flow rate; andan automated cleaning subsystem for each aquaculture tank, the automated cleaning subsystem comprising:high-pressure jet nozzles mounted on a multi-axis articulating delivery mechanism;control systems configured to activate the automated cleaning subsystem upon evacuation of the aquaculture tank; anda programmable spray pattern configured to clean internal surfaces of the aquaculture tank;wherein the automated cleaning subsystem is configured to reduce pathogen levels to less than 10 colony-forming units per square centimeter in less than 10 minutes per tank, and wherein the system is configured to rear coldwater fish, such as trout, with reduced handling stress.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein said dual-drain outlet system further comprises:a swirl separator configured to direct solid waste toward said second outlet; flow guides positioned to enhance separation of particulate matter greater than 50 micrometres;independent pneumatic control valves for each outlet, adjustable to maintain a waste removal efficiency of at least 20% above single-drain systems.

3. The system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the hydrodynamic transfer mechanism further comprises:automated control systems to prevent cross-contamination between tanks; andsensors configured to monitor fish size and population density, triggering transfer when biomass exceeds a predetermined threshold; andan automated control system configured to adjust valve duration and flow rate to reduce fish stress by at least 50% compared to manual netting.

4. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising a centralized control platform with an artificial intelligence module configured to:process real-time sensor data to optimize water flow rate, dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature within species-specific ranges; andadjust feed distribution using reinforcement learning algorithms with an accuracy of ±5%; andadjust cleaning cycles using reinforcement learning algorithms with an accuracy of ±5%.

5. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising a lighting system in each tank configured to adjust intensity and / or colour temperature based on fish developmental stage and a mechanical or sensor-based feed dispenser controlled remotely based on real-time fish biomass estimates.

6. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising a heat-exchange system maintaining optimal temperature ranges, species-specific environmental parameter controls, and automated adjustment capabilities based on programmed requirements.

7. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising:Plurality of parallel vertical stacks in a modular configuration; interconnected control systems enabling coordinated operation; independent water supplies and waste removal for each stack; and modular expansion interfaces for horizontal addition of stacks.

8. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising an artificial intelligence optimization system configured to monitor and adjust feed distribution parameters in order to analyse fish growth rates and feeding behaviour.

9. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising an emergency management system comprising:integrated backup power generation, automated oxygen injection systems, water quality preservation protocols, and backup mechanical transfer systems; and predictive failure detection with at least 95% accuracy, based on historical and real-time performance data.

10. The system according to any preceding claim, further comprising a waste processing system incorporating solid waste collection mechanisms, nutrient recovery systems, water recycling capabilities, and an integrated aquaponics subsystem.

11. A method of operating a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system, said method comprising:stocking fish fingerlings in an uppermost tank of a vertical stack; monitoring fish growth and water parameters via a plurality of real-time sensors including fish size and biomass;activating hydrodynamic transfer operations when fish reach predetermined size thresholds, transferring fish downward via the transfer conduit at a controlled flow rate;cleaning evacuated tanks using the automated cleaning subsystem with high-pressure jets in a programmable pattern;progressing fish cohorts downward through the stack until final harvest; and delivering harvest-weight cohort to adjacent processing plant via gravity-fed transfer.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:implementing an artificial intelligence algorithm to analyse feeding response patterns and optimize growth rates within ±5% of target by controlling feed distribution; andadjusting water quality parameters to maintain coldwater species conditions, including a temperature of 8-15°C and dissolved oxygen of 8-10 mg / L.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, further comprising predictive maintenance scheduling through sensor data analysis, pattern recognition of equipment performance, and water quality trend monitoring to detect equipment anomalies with at least 95% accuracy, reducing downtime by at least 20%.

14. The method according to claim 11, 12 or 13, further comprising artificial intelligence-based image analysis for continuous monitoring of fish behavior and appearance patterns to detect early signs of disease or stress, automatically adjusting system parameters and alerting operators when intervention is required.

15. A control and monitoring system comprising:a processor configured to manage system operations;real-time sensor arrays for monitoring water quality parameters, fish biomass, and system performance;local edge computing nodes for immediate data processing and system response;a cloud-integrated data analysis platform for system optimization;an artificial intelligence module configured to:process real-time sensor data for system optimization; generate predictive maintenance schedules based on historical and current performance data;optimize feed distribution and growth parameters; andetect and respond to potential system anomalies;an emergency management subsystem comprising:automated protocols for system failure response;redundant communication channels for alert notification; critical parameter monitoring and control loops; andbackup system activation protocols.

16. The control and monitoring system according to claim 15, further comprising a cross-stack coordination module configured to:manage resource sharing between parallel vertical stacks;coordinate emergency responses across multiple stacks;optimize system-wide performance; andenable modular system expansion.

17. A method for emergency management in a vertically stackable flow-through aquaculture system, comprising:monitoring critical system parameters including dissolved oxygen levels, water temperature, power supply status, and water flow rates;implementing emergency protocols upon detection of system failures, including activating backup power generation for critical systems, initiating emergency oxygen injection, maintaining minimal water circulation, and preserving critical water quality parameters;managing emergency fish transfer protocols, comprising activating backup mechanical transfer systems when necessary, maintaining safe environmental parameters during transfer, coordinating transfer timing with available resources, and ensuring minimal fish stress during emergency operations; andexecuting system recovery procedures, including systematic restoration of normal operations, verification of system stability, documenting of emergency event data; and analysing system response effectiveness.

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