Switch device and failure detection system

Abstract

A switch device (1) is provided with a first opening / closing part, a second opening / closing part, a first resistance element, a second resistance element, and a third resistance element. The first resistance element is connected in parallel with the first opening / closing part. The second resistance element is connected in parallel with the second opening / closing part. The third resistance element is disposed between the first resistance element and the second resistance element. The first opening / closing part is connected to the second opening / closing part. A first external connection terminal (30) is connected to the first opening / closing part and the first resistance element. A second external connection terminal (40) is connected to the second opening / closing part and the second resistance element. A third external connection terminal (50) is connected in series to the third resistance element and a connection member. The opening / closing state of the first opening / closing part and the opening / closing state of the second opening / closing part are determined on the basis of the position of an operator (70).

Description

Switch device and failure detection system

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a switch device and a failure detection system, and more specifically relates to a switch device having a fixed contact and a movable contact, and a failure detection system including the switch device.

[0002] Patent Document 1 describes a three-terminal switch device that performs failure detection. The switch device described in Patent Document 1 has two circuits, one of which is normally closed and the other is normally open. Wiring faults and contact faults are detected based on the on / off patterns of the two circuits.

[0003] International Publication No. 2010 / 032814

[0004] However, the conventional switch device described in Patent Document 1 is required to improve the accuracy of detecting wiring faults and contact faults.

[0005] A switch device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a first external connection terminal, a second external connection terminal, a third external connection terminal, a case, an operator, a first opening / closing unit, a second opening / closing unit, a first resistive element, a second resistive element, a third resistive element, and a connection member. The first external connection terminal, the second external connection terminal, and the third external connection terminal are inserted into the case. The operator is inserted into the case and can be displaced up and down in response to an external operation. The first opening / closing unit and the second opening / closing unit are disposed inside the case. The first resistive element is connected in parallel with the first opening / closing unit. The second resistive element is connected in parallel with the second opening / closing unit. The third resistive element is disposed between the first resistive element and the second resistive element. The connection member is disposed between the first resistive element and the second resistive element when viewed from above, and electrically connects between the first opening / closing unit and the second opening / closing unit. The first opening / closing unit is connected to the second opening / closing unit. The first external connection terminal is connected to the first opening / closing unit and the first resistive element. The second external connection terminal is connected to the second opening / closing unit and the second resistive element. The third external connection terminal is connected in series to the third resistive element and the connection member. The opening / closing state of the first opening / closing unit and the opening / closing state of the second opening / closing unit are determined based on the position of the operator.

[0006] A fault detection system according to one aspect of this disclosure comprises the switch device and a detection device. The detection device detects a fault in the switch device.

[0007] A switch device according to another aspect of the present disclosure includes a first external connection terminal and a second external connection terminal; a first case into which the first external connection terminal is inserted; a second case into which the second external connection terminal is inserted; a first operator inserted into the first case and capable of being displaced up and down in response to external operation; a second operator inserted into the second case and capable of being displaced up and down in response to external operation; a first opening / closing section disposed within the first case; a second opening / closing section disposed within the second case; a first resistive element connected in parallel with the first opening / closing section and disposed within the first case; a second resistive element connected in parallel with the second opening / closing section and disposed within the second case; and a connecting member that electrically connects the first opening / closing section and the second opening / closing section. The first opening / closing section is connected to the second opening / closing section, the first external connection terminal is connected to the first opening / closing section and the first resistive element, the second external connection terminal is connected to the second opening / closing section and the second resistive element, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section is determined based on the position of the first operator, the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section is determined based on the position of the second operator, and the first operator and the second operator move in conjunction with each other.

[0008] According to the switch device and fault detection system in the above-described embodiment of this disclosure, high-precision detection of wiring faults and contact faults is possible.

[0009] Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a switch device according to Embodiment 1. Figure 2 is a side view of the main part of the same switch device. Figure 3 is a side view of the multiple external connection terminals and multiple resistive elements of the same switch device. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the open / closed state of the same switch device. Figure 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the same switch device. Figure 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a fault detection system according to Embodiment 1. Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the same switch device. Figure 8 is a side view of the multiple external connection terminals and multiple resistive elements of a switch device according to Embodiment 2. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the open / closed state of the same switch device. Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the same switch device. Figure 11 is a side view of the multiple external connection terminals and multiple resistive elements of a switch device according to Embodiment 3. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram showing the open / closed state of the same switch device. Figure 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a switch device according to Embodiment 4. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the open / closed state of the same switch. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining the case of the switch device. Figure 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining the case of another switch device. Figure 17 is an external perspective view of the switch device according to the modified example 2. Figure 18 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the fault detection system according to embodiment 5. Figure 19 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the switch device described above. Figure 20 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the fault detection system according to embodiment 6. Figure 21 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the switch device described above.

[0010] The following describes the switch device 1 and other components, as well as the fault detection system A1, according to embodiments and modified examples, with reference to the drawings. The diagrams referenced in the embodiments below are schematic diagrams, and the size and thickness ratios of each component shown in the diagrams do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios.

[0011] (Embodiment 1) (1) Switch device The switch device 1 according to embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, comprises a first external connection terminal 30, a second external connection terminal 40, and a third external connection terminal 50, a case 10, an operator 70, a first switching part SW1 (see Figure 5) and a second switching part SW2 (see Figure 5), a first resistive element R1 (see Figure 5), a second resistive element R2 (see Figure 5), a third resistive element R3 (see Figure 5), and connecting members (spring receiving piece 15, first return spring 61, second return spring 62). The first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 are inserted into the case 10. The operator 70 is inserted into the case 10 and is displaceable up and down in response to external operation. The first switching part SW1 and the second switching part SW2 are arranged inside the case 10. The first resistive element R1 is connected in parallel with the first switching unit SW1. The second resistive element R2 is connected in parallel with the second switching unit SW2. The third resistive element R3 is positioned between the first resistive element R1 and the second resistive element R2. The connecting member, viewed from above, is positioned between the first resistive element R1 and the second resistive element R2 and electrically connects the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2. The first switching unit SW1 is connected to the second switching unit SW2. The first external connection terminal 30 is connected to the first switching unit SW1 and the first resistive element R1. The second external connection terminal 40 is connected to the second switching unit SW2 and the second resistive element R2. The third external connection terminal 50 is connected in series with the third resistive element R3 and the connecting member. The open / closed state of the first switching unit SW1 and the open / closed state of the second switching unit SW2 are determined based on the position of the operator 70.

[0012] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, high-precision detection of wiring faults and contact faults is possible.

[0013] (2) Components of the switch device As shown in Figure 1, the switch device 1 comprises a case 10, a plurality of external connection terminals (first external connection terminal 30, second external connection terminal 40, third external connection terminal 50), a spring receiving piece 15, a plurality of fixed contact pieces (first fixed contact piece 31, second fixed contact piece 41), a plurality of return springs (first return spring 61, second return spring 62), a plurality of actuators (first actuator 80, second actuator 90), an operator 70, a cap 22, a plurality of resistive elements (first resistive element R1, second resistive element R2, third resistive element R3), and a plurality of opening / closing parts (first opening / closing part SW1, second opening / closing part SW2).

[0014] The components of the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1 will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0015] (2.1) Case The case 10 has a body 101 and a cover 102, as shown in Figure 1.

[0016] As shown in Figure 1, the body 101 is a resin component having an upper surface and a lower surface. The body 101 includes a first spring support portion 11, a first contact holding portion 12, a second spring support portion 13, and a second contact holding portion 14. The first spring support portion 11 supports the first return spring 61. The first contact holding portion 12 holds the first fixed contact piece 31 and guides the first movable contact 83a, described later, so that it can slide in the vertical direction D2. The second spring support portion 13 supports the second return spring 62. The second contact holding portion 14 holds the second fixed contact piece 41 and guides the second movable contact 93a, described later, so that it can slide in the vertical direction D2.

[0017] The first spring support portion 11 and the second spring support portion 13 are formed with a gap between them in the left-right direction D1. Also, the first contact holding portion 12 and the second contact holding portion 14 are formed with a gap between them in the left-right direction D1.

[0018] As shown in Figure 1, the cover 102 is a bottomed cylindrical resin member and is attached to the body 101 so as to cover the upper surface of the body 101. The cover 102 houses the first return spring 61 and the second return spring 62, the first actuator 80 and the second actuator 90, a part of the operator 70, etc. The cover 102 also has an opening 103 at the top, and the operator 70 is provided to be displaceable in the vertical direction D2 between the inside and outside of the cover 102 through the opening 103.

[0019] (2.2) External connection terminals The first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 are plate-shaped metal members that are arranged on the body 101 as shown in Figure 1, and extend downward from the lower surface of the body 101, penetrating the body 101.

[0020] The third external connection terminal 50 is positioned between the first external connection terminal 30 and the second external connection terminal 40. The first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 are arranged in a line in the order of first external connection terminal 30, third external connection terminal 50, and second external connection terminal 40. In the left-right direction D1, the first external connection terminal 30, the third external connection terminal 50, and the second external connection terminal 40 are spaced apart from each other in that order. In other words, the first external connection terminal 30 is located on the left, the third external connection terminal 50 is located in the center, and the second external connection terminal 40 is located on the right.

[0021] Furthermore, the first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 each have a plate-like shape aligned with the vertical direction D2. The first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 are, for example, plates made of phosphor bronze with a silver plating on the surface, and are integrally disposed with the body 101 by insert molding. However, the material of the first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 is not limited to plates made of phosphor bronze with a silver plating on the surface; for example, aluminum plates may be used.

[0022] The third external connection terminal 50 functions as a common terminal for the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2 shown in Figure 5.

[0023] (2.3) Spring support piece As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the spring support piece 15 has a first branch portion 15a, a second branch portion 15b, a first connecting portion 15c, a second connecting portion 15d, and a third connecting portion 15e. The first branch portion 15a is held by the first spring support portion 11. The first branch portion 15a is in contact with the lower end of the first return spring 61 and is electrically connected to the first return spring 61. The second branch portion 15b is held by the second spring support portion 13. The second branch portion 15b is in contact with the lower end of the second return spring 62 and is electrically connected to the second return spring 62.

[0024] (2.4) Fixed Contact Piece The first fixed contact piece 31 extends into the body 101 as shown in Figure 1. More specifically, the first fixed contact piece 31 extends upward from the top surface of the body 101 into the interior of the cover 102 and is held by the first contact holding part 12. As will be described later, when the operator 70 is pressed, the first movable contact 83a attached to the first actuator 80 and the first fixed contact piece 31 are separated, and the first switching part SW1 between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 is turned off.

[0025] As shown in Figure 1, the second fixed contact piece 41 extends into the interior of the body 101. More specifically, the second fixed contact piece 41 extends upward from the top surface of the body 101 into the interior of the cover 102 and is held by the second contact holding portion 14. As will be described later, when the operator 70 is pressed, the second movable contact 93a attached to the second actuator 90 and the second fixed contact piece 41 come into contact, causing the second switching unit SW2 between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 to become conductive (on).

[0026] As shown in Figure 3, when viewed from the front-to-back direction D3, the planar shape of the first fixed contact piece 31 differs from the planar shape of the second fixed contact piece 41. Specifically, above the dotted line B, the width of the first fixed contact piece 31 in the left-to-right direction D1 is wider than the portion between dotted lines B and C. In other words, the width is narrower between dotted lines B and C. The second fixed contact piece 41 does not exist above dotted line A, but exists below dotted line A.

[0027] Now, with reference to Figure 4, the on / off operation of the first opening / closing unit SW1 and the second opening / closing unit SW2 will be explained.

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing a partial cutout of the first fixed contact piece 31 and the second fixed contact piece 41 shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 also schematically illustrates the shapes of the first fixed contact piece 31 and the second fixed contact piece 41.

[0029] The first movable contact 83a attached to the first actuator 80 and the second movable contact 93a attached to the second actuator 90 are displaced downward while sliding along the surfaces of the first fixed contact piece 31 and the second fixed contact piece 41 as the operator 70 moves (see Figure 1). As the operator 70 moves, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 is switched. Note that the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are not shown in Figure 4 for the sake of clarity.

[0030] When the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are positioned above the dotted line A, the first movable contact 83a contacts the first fixed contact piece 31 and the first switching SW1 turns on. The second movable contact 93a does not contact the second fixed contact piece 41 and the second switching SW2 turns off.

[0031] When the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are positioned between dotted line A and dotted line B, the first movable contact 83a remains in contact with the first fixed contact piece 31, and the first switching unit SW1 remains ON. The second movable contact 93a contacts the second fixed contact piece 41, and the second switching unit SW2 turns ON.

[0032] When the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are positioned between dotted line B and dotted line C, the first movable contact 83a does not contact the first fixed contact piece 31, and the first switching SW1 is turned off. The second movable contact 93a contacts the second fixed contact piece 41, and the second switching SW2 is turned on.

[0033] (2.5) Return Spring As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first return spring 61 is a coil-shaped member made of conductive metal, with its lower end supported by the first spring support portion 11 and its upper end held by the first retaining block 81 provided on the first actuator 80. The lower end of the first return spring 61 is electrically connected to the first branch portion 15a, which is part of the spring receiving piece 15, and its upper end is electrically connected to the first spring contact portion 82 attached to the first actuator 80.

[0034] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the second return spring 62 is a coil-shaped member made of conductive metal, with its lower end supported by the second spring support portion 13 and its upper end held by the second retaining block 91 provided on the second actuator 90. The lower end of the second return spring 62 is electrically connected to the second branch portion 15b, which is part of the spring receiving piece 15, and its upper end is electrically connected to the second spring contact portion 92 attached to the second actuator 90.

[0035] (2.6) Actuator As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first actuator 80 includes a first retaining block 81, a first spring contact portion 82, and a first contact piece 83. The first retaining block 81 is made of resin and holds the first spring contact portion 82 and also holds the first return spring 61 so as to be in contact with the first spring contact portion 82. The first spring contact portion 82 is made of conductive metal. The first contact piece 83 is a pair of plate-shaped members that face each other in the front-rear direction D3. The first contact piece 83 extends to the left from both ends of the semi-annular first spring contact portion 82, and is formed such that the distance between them narrows as they move to the left. The first contact piece 83 and the first spring contact portion 82 are integrally formed. The first contact piece 83 also has a pair of first movable contacts 83a. The pair of first movable contacts 83a are each provided at the left end of the pair of plate materials that constitute the first contact piece 83. The pair of first movable contacts 83a provided on the first contact piece 83 are configured to sandwich the first fixed contact piece 31 and the first contact holding portion 12 in the front-rear direction D3.

[0036] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the second actuator 90 includes a second retaining block 91, a second spring contact portion 92, and a second contact piece 93. The second retaining block 91 is made of resin and holds the second spring contact portion 92, as well as the second return spring 62 so as to be in contact with the second spring contact portion 92. The second spring contact portion 92 is made of conductive metal. The second contact piece 93 is a pair of plate-shaped members that face each other in the front-rear direction D3. The second contact piece 93 extends to the right from both ends of the semi-annular second spring contact portion 92, and is formed such that the distance between them narrows as they move to the right. The second contact piece 93 and the second spring contact portion 92 are integrally formed. The second contact piece 93 also has a pair of second movable contacts 93a. The pair of second movable contacts 93a are each provided at the right end of the pair of plate materials that constitute the second contact piece 93. The pair of second movable contacts 93a provided on the second contact piece 93 are configured to sandwich the second fixed contact piece 41 and the second contact holding portion 14 in the front-rear direction D3.

[0037] (2.7) The operator 70 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a resin component and has a first part 71 and a second part 72. The second part 72 extends upward from the first part 71.

[0038] When the operator 70 is not being operated, the lower surface of the first portion 71 is in contact with or close to the upper surface of the first retaining block 81 and the upper surface of the second retaining block 91, respectively. When the operator 70 is pressed, the first retaining block 81 and the second retaining block 91 are displaced downward by the pressure from the first portion 71. At this time, the first return spring 61 and the second return spring 62 deform so as to compress in the vertical direction D2. In addition, in accordance with the displacement of the first retaining block 81, the first movable contact 83a is displaced downward while sliding along the surface of the first fixed contact piece 31. In accordance with the displacement of the second retaining block 91, the second movable contact 93a is displaced downward while sliding along the surface of the second fixed contact piece 41.

[0039] When the pressing operation of the operator 70 is released, the first retaining block 81 is pushed upward by the restoring force of the first return spring 61 and returns to its original position. In response, the first movable contact 83a is also displaced upward and returns to its original position. Similarly, the second retaining block 91 is pushed upward by the restoring force of the second return spring 62 and returns to its original position. In response, the second movable contact 93a is also displaced upward and returns to its original position.

[0040] The first actuator 80 is configured to be displaceable independently of the second actuator 90 in response to the pressing operation of the operator 70. In Embodiment 1, the first retaining block 81 to which the first contact piece 83 is attached and the second retaining block 91 to which the second contact piece 93 is attached are arranged at a distance from each other in the left-right direction D1. Here, the first actuator 80 and the second actuator 90 are provided as separate components. Because the first actuator 80 and the second actuator 90 exist independently, even if one actuator fails, the opening and closing function of the other can be maintained. Furthermore, by providing the first actuator 80 and the second actuator 90 as a single unit, both opening and closing parts can be moved simultaneously, making it easier to suppress rattle in the left and right opening and closing parts. The operator 70 may be provided separately from the first actuator 80 and the second actuator 90, or it may be provided as a single unit. When the first actuator 80 and the second actuator 90 are provided as a single unit in the operator 70, the contact member moves directly (without going through any other members) when the operator 70 is pressed, making it less likely for there to be a timing discrepancy in the switching of both opening and closing parts.

[0041] (2.8) Cap The cap 22 shown in Figure 1 is a bottomed cylindrical member made of an elastically deformable insulating material, such as synthetic rubber, and has a main body 221, a flange 222, and an opening 223. The flange 222 extends radially outward from the lower end of the main body 221. The flange 222 is provided integrally with the main body 221. The cap 22 is attached and fixed to the cover 102. The opening 223 is provided on the upper part of the cap 22, and the tip of the second portion 72 of the operator 70 is inserted through the opening 223 of the cap 22 and exposed to the outside of the cap 22. The cap 22 is configured to elastically deform when the operator 70 is operated, surrounding the opening 103 of the cover 102 through which the operator 70 is inserted, thereby mechanically protecting the operator 70 and preventing foreign matter, moisture, etc. from entering the interior through the opening 103 of the cover 102.

[0042] (2.9) Resistive elements The first resistive element R1 is connected in parallel with the first switching unit SW1, as shown in FIG. 5. The first resistive element R1 is connected to the first external connection terminal 30, the first fixed contact piece 31, and the first connection portion 15c of the spring receiving piece 15, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0043] The second resistive element R2 is connected in parallel with the second switching unit SW2, as shown in FIG. 5. The second resistive element R2 is connected to the second external connection terminal 40, the second fixed contact piece 41, and the second connection portion 15d of the spring receiving piece 15, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0044] The third resistive element R3 is connected in series with each of the first resistive element R1 and the second resistive element R2, as shown in FIG. 5. The third resistive element R3 is connected to the third external connection terminal 50 and the first connection portion 15c of the spring receiving piece 15, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0045] The resistance value of the first resistive element R1 is different from the resistance value of the second resistive element R2. More specifically, the first resistive element R1, the second resistive element R2, and the third resistive element R3 all have different resistance values.

[0046] (2.10) Switching units The switch device 1 as an equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 5 is a three-terminal switch in which a first switching unit SW1 and a second switching unit SW2 are connected. When the operating element 70 is pressed, the conduction states of the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2 change respectively.

[0047] The first switching unit SW1 of Embodiment 1 is a normally-closed switch, which is in a conducting state (on state) when the operating element 70 is not operated. The second switching unit SW2 of Embodiment 1 is a normally-open switch, which is in a non-conducting state (off state) when the operating element 70 is not operated.

[0048] The first switching unit SW1 includes a first fixed contact piece 31 (first fixed portion) and a first actuator 80 (first movable portion), as shown in FIG. 1. The first fixed contact piece 31 includes a first fixed contact 31a. The first actuator 80 includes a first movable contact 83a. The first movable contact 83a moves between a closed position in contact with the first fixed contact 31a and an open position separated from the first fixed contact 31a.

[0049] As shown in Figure 1, the second opening / closing part SW2 includes a second fixed contact piece 41 (second fixed part) and a second actuator 90 (second movable part). The second fixed contact piece 41 includes a second fixed contact 41a. The second actuator 90 includes a second movable contact 93a. The second movable contact 93a moves between a closed position in contact with the second fixed contact 41a and an open position away from the second fixed contact 41a.

[0050] The first external connection terminal 30 is connected to the first fixed contact piece 31 (first fixed part). The second external connection terminal 40 is connected to the second fixed contact piece 41 (second fixed part).

[0051] The first actuator 80 (first movable part) slides against the first fixed contact piece 31 (first fixed part) when moving between the open position and the closed position. The second actuator 90 (second movable part) slides against the second fixed contact piece 41 (second fixed part) when moving between the open position and the closed position.

[0052] (2.11) The switch device 1 according to the first embodiment of the connecting member further comprises a connecting member. The connecting member has a spring receiving piece 15, a first return spring 61 (first spring), and a second return spring 62 (second spring).

[0053] The connecting member is positioned between the first resistive element R1 and the second resistive element R2 when viewed from above, and electrically connects the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2.

[0054] The first return spring 61 (first spring) and the second return spring 62 (second spring) are located below the operator 70 and expand and contract in accordance with the displacement of the operator 70. The first return spring 61 is located between the first resistive element R1 and the operator 70 when viewed from above. The second return spring 62 is located between the second resistive element R2 and the operator 70 when viewed from above. As a result, the first return spring 61 is positioned between the first resistive element R1 and the operator 70, and the second return spring 62 is positioned between the second resistive element R2 and the operator 70, making it less likely for them to interfere with the opening and closing of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2.

[0055] (3) Fault detection system The fault detection system A1 according to the embodiment comprises a switch device 1 and a detection device A2, as shown in Figure 6.

[0056] Detection device A2 is configured to detect a malfunction in switch device 1. Detection device A2 includes a plurality of resistors R4 and R5. Resistor R4 is connected to the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 of switch device 1. Resistor R5 is connected to the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 of switch device 1. Detection device A2 has a function to measure the voltage across the resistor R4 and a function to measure the voltage across the resistor R4.

[0057] The detection device A2 detects a fault in the switch device 1 based on the voltage between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 and the voltage between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50.

[0058] In the switch device 1, when the open / closed states of the two switching units (first switching unit SW1, second switching unit SW2) are different (in other words, when in the first open / closed state or the third open / closed state described later), the voltage value between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 is different from the voltage value between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50.

[0059] (4) Operation of the switch device Next, the operation of the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1 and the detection of external wiring or internal faults of the switch device 1 will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 7.

[0060] First, the positional relationship between the operator 70 and the first movable contact 83a, and the positional relationship between the operator 70 and the second movable contact 93a will be explained with reference to Figure 4. When the operator 70 is in the 'initial position', the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are located above the dotted line A. When the operator 70 is in the 'first position', the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are located between the dotted line A and the dotted line B. When the operator 70 is in the 'second position', the first movable contact 83a and the second movable contact 93a are located between the dotted line B and the dotted line C.

[0061] Next, the operation of the control unit 70 will be explained.

[0062] The operator 70 is initially positioned above the first resistive element R1 when there is no operation. When the operator 70 moves from the initial position to a first position which is below the initial position, the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 does not change, while the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 changes. In other words, the first switch SW1 remains on, and the second switch SW2 switches from off to on.

[0063] Next, when the operator 70 moves to a second position which is lower than the first position, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 is switched, but the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 is not switched. In the configuration shown in Figure 4, the first opening / closing part SW1 switches from on to off, and the second opening / closing part SW2 remains on.

[0064] Next, referring to Figures 4 to 7, the open / closed states of the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2 will be described. Furthermore, referring to Figure 7, the changes in detected voltage will be described.

[0065] The switch device 1 changes sequentially from the first state to the second state and then to the third state.

[0066] In the first open / closed state (first state), the first open / closed switch SW1 is closed (on) and the second open / closed switch SW2 is open (off). In the second open / closed state (second state), the first open / closed switch SW1 is closed (on) and the second open / closed switch SW2 is closed (on). In the third open / closed state (third state), the first open / closed switch SW1 is open (off) and the second open / closed switch SW2 is closed (on).

[0067] In Embodiment 1, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 are as follows: when the operator 70 is in its initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator 70 is in a first position lower than the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator 70 is in a second position lower than the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

[0068] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in the initial state (first open / closed state) when the operator 70 is not operated, the first movable contact 83a is in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 is closed (on). On the other hand, in the initial state (first open / closed state), the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, so the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 is open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first switch SW1 and the third resistor R3 (see Figure 5). On the other hand, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 (see Figure 5). A current of the same magnitude as the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the resistor element R4 (see Figure 6) of the detection device A2. A current of the same magnitude as the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the resistor element R5 (see Figure 6) of the detection device A2.

[0069] Next, when the operator 70 is pressed, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the initial state to the first state. The first state is when the operator 70 is displaced downward by a first predetermined distance or less. When the switch device 1 is in the first state, the first switching part SW1 and the second switching part SW2 remain in the first open / closed state. In other words, even when the switch device 1 is in the first state, just as when the switch device 1 is in the initial state, the first movable contact 83a is in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first switching part SW1 remains closed (on). Also, since the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, the open / closed state of the second switching part SW2 remains open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first switching part SW1 and the third resistive element R3, just as in the initial state. Furthermore, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistive element R2 and the third resistive element R3, as in the initial state. When the operator 70 is further pressed and displaced downward by more than the first predetermined distance, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the first state to the second state. The second state (second open / closed state) is the state in which the operator 70 is displaced downward by more than the first predetermined distance. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in the second state (second open / closed state), the first movable contact 83a is in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 remains closed (on). Also, since the second fixed contact 41a is in contact with the second movable contact 93a, the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 becomes closed (on). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first switching unit SW1 and the third resistive element R3 (see Figure 5). Also, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second switching unit SW2 and the third resistive element R3 (see Figure 5).

[0070] When the operator 70 is further pressed and displaced downward by more than the second predetermined distance, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the second state (second open / closed state) to the third state (third open / closed state). The third state is when the operator 70 is displaced downward by more than the second predetermined distance. In the third state (third open / closed state), the first movable contact 83a is not in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 is the open state (off). Also, in the third state (third open / closed state), the second fixed contact 41a is in contact with the second movable contact 93a, so the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 remains the closed state (on). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first resistive element R1 and the third resistive element R3. Meanwhile, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second switching unit SW2 and the third resistive element R3.

[0071] As the pressure applied by the operator 70 increases, the current flowing through the resistive element R4 of the detection device A2 decreases, so the first detection voltage V11, which is the voltage across the resistive element R4, decreases, as shown in Figure 7. On the other hand, as the pressure applied by the operator 70 increases, the current flowing through the resistive element R5 of the detection device A2 increases, so the second detection voltage V21, which is the voltage across the resistive element R5 of the detection device A2, increases, as shown in Figure 7.

[0072] (5) The switch device 1 according to the first embodiment of the effect comprises a first external connection terminal 30, a second external connection terminal 40, and a third external connection terminal 50, a case 10, an operator 70, a first switching part SW1 and a second switching part SW2, a first resistive element R1, a second resistive element R2, a third resistive element R3, and connecting members (spring receiving piece 15, first return spring 61, second return spring 62). The case 10 has the first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 inserted into it. The operator 70 is inserted into the case 10 and is displaceable up and down in response to external operation. The first switching part SW1 and the second switching part SW2 are arranged inside the case 10. The first resistive element R1 is connected in parallel with the first switching part SW1. The second resistive element R2 is connected in parallel with the second switching part SW2. The third resistive element R3 is positioned between the first resistive element R1 and the second resistive element R2. The connecting member, viewed from above, is positioned between the first resistive element R1 and the second resistive element R2, and electrically connects the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2. The first switch SW1 is connected to the second switch SW2. The first external connection terminal 30 is connected to the first switch SW1 and the first resistive element R1. The second external connection terminal 40 is connected to the second switch SW2 and the second resistive element R2. The third external connection terminal 50 is connected in series between the third resistive element R3 and the connecting member. The open / closed state of the first switch SW1 and the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 are determined based on the position of the operator 70.

[0073] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, high-precision detection of wiring faults and contact faults is possible.

[0074] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1, the operator 70 is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element R1 when there is no operation. When the operator 70 moves to a first position which is lower than the initial position, the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 does not change, but the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 changes. In other words, when the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 and the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 switch from the first open / closed state to the second open / closed state, the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 does not change, but the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 changes. When the operator 70 moves to a second position which is lower than the first position, the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 changes, but the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 does not change. In other words, when the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 switch from the second open / closed state to the third open / closed state, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 changes, but the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 does not change.

[0075] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, since the two opening / closing parts (first opening / closing part SW1, second opening / closing part SW2) can be switched one at a time, it is less likely to result in an unintended opening or closing state, even momentarily, and the switching operation can be performed smoothly.

[0076] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1, the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 and the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 include a first open / closed state, a second open / closed state, and a third open / closed state. As shown in Figure 4, in the first open / closed state, the first switch SW1 is closed (on) and the second switch SW2 is open (off). In the second open / closed state, the first switch SW1 is closed (on) and the second switch SW2 is closed (on). In the third open / closed state, the first switch SW1 is open (off) and the second switch SW2 is closed (on).

[0077] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, the open / closed state differs depending on how hard it is pressed, so the degree of pressing can be determined.

[0078] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1, the operator 70 is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element R1 when there is no operation. The open / closed state of the first switching unit SW1 and the open / closed state of the second switching unit SW2 are as follows: when the operator 70 is in the initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator 70 is in a first position lower than the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator 70 is in a second position lower than the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

[0079] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, the output value is set to increase in steps, making it less likely for false detections to occur, such as the output value temporarily matching the value when it is at a different position.

[0080] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1, the resistance value of the first resistive element R1 and the resistance value of the second resistive element R2 are different.

[0081] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, the location of the fault can be detected more accurately based on the difference in output values.

[0082] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1, the first resistive element R1, the second resistive element R2, and the third resistive element R3 all have different resistance values.

[0083] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 1, the fault location can be detected more accurately based on the difference in output values.

[0084] The fault detection system A1 according to Embodiment 1 comprises a switch device 1 and a detection device A2. The detection device A2 detects faults in the switch device 1.

[0085] According to the fault detection system A1 of Embodiment 1, high-precision detection of wiring faults and contact faults is possible.

[0086] In the fault detection system A1 according to Embodiment 1, the detection device A2 detects a fault in the switch device 1 based on the voltage between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 and the voltage between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50.

[0087] According to the fault detection system A1 of Embodiment 1, a fault can be determined when a contact failure occurs in one switch.

[0088] (Embodiment 2) The switch device 1 according to Embodiment 2 differs from the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1 (see Figures 3 and 4) in that it has a first fixed contact 31a and a second fixed contact 41a as shown in Figures 8 and 9. Regarding the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 2, components similar to those in the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0089] (1) The switch device 1 according to the second embodiment is similar to the switch device 1 according to the first embodiment, and includes a case 10, a plurality of external connection terminals (first external connection terminal 30, second external connection terminal 40, third external connection terminal 50), a spring receiving piece 15, a plurality of fixed contact pieces (first fixed contact piece 31, second fixed contact piece 41), a plurality of return springs (first return spring 61, second return spring 62), a plurality of actuators (first actuator 80, second actuator 90), an operator 70, a cap 22, and a plurality of opening / closing parts (first opening / closing part SW1, second opening / closing part SW2) (see Figure 1).

[0090] The first fixed contact piece 31 of Embodiment 2 has a first fixed contact 31a as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The second fixed contact piece 41 of Embodiment 2 has a second fixed contact 41a as shown in Figures 8 and 9.

[0091] The open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 in Embodiment 2 has a first open / closed state, a second open / closed state, and a third open / closed state. In the first open / closed state (first state), the first open / closed part SW1 is in the closed state (on) and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the open state (off). In the second open / closed state (second state), the first open / closed part SW1 is in the open state (off) and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the open state (off). In the third open / closed state (third state), the first open / closed part SW1 is in the open state (off) and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the closed state (on).

[0092] In Embodiment 2, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 are as follows: when the operator 70 is in its initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator 70 is in a first position lower than the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator 70 is in a second position lower than the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

[0093] As shown in Figure 9, in the initial state (first open / closed state) when the operator 70 is not operated, the first movable contact 83a is in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first switch SW1 is closed (on). On the other hand, the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, so the open / closed state of the second switch SW2 is open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first switch SW1 and the third resistor R3. On the other hand, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3. A current of the same magnitude as the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the resistor R4 of the detection device A2. A current equal in magnitude to the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the resistor element R5 of the detection device A2. Note that the equivalent circuit of the switch device in Embodiment 2 is the same as the equivalent circuit of the switch device in Embodiment 1 shown in Figure 5, so its explanation is omitted here.

[0094] Next, when the operator 70 is pressed, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the initial state to the first state. The first state is when the operator 70 is displaced downward by a distance of less than or equal to a first predetermined distance. When the switch device 1 is in the first state, the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 remain in the first open / closed state. In other words, even when the switch device 1 is in the first state, just as when the switch device 1 is in the initial state, the first movable contact 83a is in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the opening / closing state of the first opening / closing part SW1 remains closed (on). Also, since the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, the opening / closing state of the second opening / closing part SW2 remains open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first opening / closing part SW1 and the third resistive element R3, just as in the initial state. Furthermore, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistive element R2 and the third resistive element R3, as in the initial state.

[0095] When the operator 70 is further pressed and displaced downward by a distance greater than the first predetermined distance, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the first state to the second state. The second state (second open / closed state) is the state in which the operator 70 is displaced downward by a distance greater than the first predetermined distance. As shown in Figure 9, in the second state (second open / closed state), the first movable contact 83a is not in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 is open (off). On the other hand, the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, so the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 remains open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first resistive element R1 and the third resistive element R3. Also, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistive element R2 and the third resistive element R3.

[0096] When the operator 70 is further pressed and displaced downward by a second predetermined distance or more, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the second state (second open / closed state) to the third state (third open / closed state). The third state is when the operator 70 is displaced downward by a distance of a second predetermined distance or more. In the third state (third open / closed state), the first movable contact 83a is not in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 remains open (off). On the other hand, in the third state, the second fixed contact 41a is in contact with the second movable contact 93a, so the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 becomes closed (on). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first resistive element R1 and the third resistive element R3. Meanwhile, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second switching unit SW2 and the third resistive element R3.

[0097] As the pressure applied by the operator 70 increases, the current flowing through the resistive element R4 of the detection device A2 decreases, so the first detection voltage V12, which is the voltage across the resistive element R4, decreases, as shown in Figure 10. On the other hand, as the pressure applied by the operator 70 increases, the current flowing through the resistive element R5 of the detection device A2 increases, so the second detection voltage V22, which is the voltage across the resistive element R5 of the detection device A2, increases, as shown in Figure 10.

[0098] (2) In the switch device 1 according to the second embodiment of the effect, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 include a first open / closed state, a second open / closed state, and a third open / closed state. In the first open / closed state, the first opening / closing part SW1 is in a closed state and the second opening / closing part SW2 is in an open state. In the second open / closed state, the first opening / closing part SW1 is in an open state and the second opening / closing part SW2 is in an open state. In the third open / closed state, the first opening / closing part SW1 is in an open state and the second opening / closing part SW2 is in a closed state.

[0099] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 2, the opening and closing state differs depending on how hard it is pressed, so the degree of pressing can be determined.

[0100] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 2, the operator 70 is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element R1 when there is no operation. The open / closed state of the first switching unit SW1 and the open / closed state of the second switching unit SW2 are as follows: when the operator 70 is in the initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator 70 is in a first position lower than the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator 70 is in a second position lower than the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

[0101] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 2, the output value is set to decrease in steps, making it less likely for false detections to occur, such as the output value temporarily matching the value when it is at a different position.

[0102] (Embodiment 3) The switch device 1 according to Embodiment 3 differs from the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1 (see Figures 3 and 4) in that it has a first fixed contact 31a and a second fixed contact 41a as shown in Figures 11 and 12. Regarding the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 3, components similar to those in the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0103] (1) The switch device 1 according to the configuration embodiment 3 is similar to the switch device 1 according to embodiment 1, and includes a case 10, a plurality of external connection terminals (first external connection terminal 30, second external connection terminal 40, third external connection terminal 50), a spring receiving piece 15, a plurality of fixed contact pieces (first fixed contact piece 31, second fixed contact piece 41), a plurality of return springs (first return spring 61, second return spring 62), a plurality of actuators (first actuator 80, second actuator 90), an operator 70, a cap 22, and a plurality of opening / closing parts (first opening / closing part SW1, second opening / closing part SW2) (see Figure 1).

[0104] The first fixed contact piece 31 of Embodiment 3 has a first fixed contact 31a as shown in Figures 11 and 12. The second fixed contact piece 41 of Embodiment 3 has a second fixed contact 41a as shown in Figures 11 and 12.

[0105] The open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 in Embodiment 3 include a first open / closed state and a second open / closed state. In the first open / closed state (first state), the first open / closed part SW1 is in the open state (off), and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the open state (off). In the second open / closed state (second state), the first open / closed part SW1 is in the closed state (on), and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the closed state (on).

[0106] The first opening / closing switch SW1 and the second opening / closing switch SW2 switch their open / closed states when the operator 70 is pressed. When the open / closed state of the first opening / closing switch SW1 is switched, the open / closed state of the second opening / closing switch SW2 is also switched.

[0107] As shown in Figure 12, in the initial state (first open / closed state) when the operator 70 is not operated, the first movable contact 83a is not in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first open / closed unit SW1 is open (off). Similarly, since the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, the open / closed state of the second open / closed unit SW2 is also open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first resistive element R1 and the third resistive element R3. Also, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistive element R2 and the third resistive element R3. A current of the same magnitude as the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the resistive element R4 of the detection device A2. A current equal in magnitude to the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the resistor R5 of the detection device A2.

[0108] Next, when the operator 70 is pressed, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the initial state to the first state. The first state is when the operator 70 is displaced downward by a first predetermined distance or less. When the switch device 1 is in the first state, the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 remain in the first open / closed state. In other words, even when the switch device 1 is in the first state, just as when the switch device is in the initial state, the first movable contact 83a is not in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the opening / closing state of the first opening / closing part SW1 remains open (off). Also, since the second fixed contact 41a is not in contact with the second movable contact 93a, the opening / closing state of the second opening / closing part SW2 remains open (off). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first resistive element R1 and the third resistive element R3, just as in the initial state. Furthermore, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second resistive element R2 and the third resistive element R3, as in the initial state.

[0109] When the operator 70 is further pressed and displaced downward by a distance greater than the first predetermined distance, the state of the switch device 1 changes from the first state to the second state. The second state is when the operator 70 is displaced downward by a distance greater than the first predetermined distance. As shown in Figure 12, in the second state (second open / closed state), the first movable contact 83a is in contact with the first fixed contact 31a, so the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 is closed (on). Also, since the second fixed contact 41a is in contact with the second movable contact 93a, the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 is closed (on). As a result, within the switch device 1, the current between the first external connection terminal 30 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the first open / closed part SW1 and the third resistive element R3. Also, within the switch device 1, the current between the second external connection terminal 40 and the third external connection terminal 50 flows through the second open / closed part SW2 and the third resistive element R3.

[0110] In response to the pressure applied by the operator 70, the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2 perform the same switching operation. As a result, even if one of the switching units, SW1 or SW2, fails, the other switching unit can continue to operate the switch device 1.

[0111] (2) Effect In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 3, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 include only the first open / closed state and the second open / closed state. In the first open / closed state, the first opening / closing part SW1 is in the open state and the second opening / closing part SW2 is in the open state. In the second open / closed state, the first opening / closing part SW1 is in the closed state and the second opening / closing part SW2 is in the closed state. The open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 is switched when the operator 70 is pressed. When the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 is switched, the open / closed state of the second opening / closing part SW2 is switched.

[0112] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 3, since the output resistance value differs depending on the state, even if one of the two switching units (first switching unit SW1, second switching unit SW2) fails, the other switching unit can be operated independently.

[0113] (Embodiment 4) In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 4, as shown in the equivalent circuit in Figure 13, the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2 are each normally closed type switches. The switch device 1 according to Embodiment 4 differs from the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 3 in that it has a first fixed contact 31a and a second fixed contact 41a as shown in Figure 14. Regarding the switch device 1 according to other examples of Embodiment 3, components that are the same as those in the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals and their description is omitted.

[0114] In the switch device 1 according to Embodiment 4, similar to Embodiment 3, the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 and the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 include only the first open / closed state and the second open / closed state. As shown in Figure 14, in the first open / closed state, the first open / closed part SW1 is in the closed state (on), and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the closed state (on). In the second open / closed state, the first open / closed part SW1 is in the open state (off), and the second open / closed part SW2 is in the open state (off). The open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 and the second open / closed part SW2 is switched when the operator 70 is pressed. When the open / closed state of the first open / closed part SW1 is switched, the open / closed state of the second open / closed part SW2 is switched.

[0115] According to the switch device 1 of Embodiment 4, since the output resistance value differs depending on the state, even if one of the two switching units (first switching unit SW1, second switching unit SW2) fails, the other switching unit can continue to operate the switch device 1.

[0116] (Modification 1) As Modification 1 of Embodiments 1 to 4, the first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 are not limited to being linear in shape, but may have various shapes. The embodiments and modifications described above are only a part of the various embodiments and modifications of this disclosure. Furthermore, the embodiments and modifications can be modified in various ways depending on the design, etc., as long as the objectives of this disclosure are achieved.

[0117] (Modification 2) Here, the configuration of the switch device case will be explained with reference to Figures 15 and 16.

[0118] In the embodiments 1 to 4 described above, the switch device 1 has one case 10, as shown in Figure 15.

[0119] As a variation of embodiments 1 to 4, the switch device 1A may have two cases (first case 10A and second case 10B), as shown in Figure 16.

[0120] In the switch device 1 shown in Figure 15, the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2 are located inside the case 10. However, in the switch device 1A shown in Figure 16, the first switching unit SW1 is located inside the first case 10A, and the second switching unit SW2 is located inside the second case 10B.

[0121] In switch device 1, the first external connection terminal 30, the second external connection terminal 40, and the third external connection terminal 50 are inserted into case 10. However, in switch device 1A shown in Figure 16, the first external connection terminal 30 and the fourth external connection terminal 301 are inserted into the first case 10A, and the second external connection terminal 40 and the fifth external connection terminal 401 are inserted into the second case 10B.

[0122] In switch device 1, the first switching unit SW1 and the second switching unit SW2 are electrically connected by a connecting member (spring retaining piece 15). However, in switch device 1A, the fourth external connection terminal 301 and the fifth external connection terminal 401 are electrically connected by a connecting member 15A such as a wire, and are used as a substitute for the third external connection terminal 50.

[0123] In switch device 1, the third resistive element R3 is provided inside case 10, but in switch device 1A, it is not provided inside the first case 10A and the second case 10B.

[0124] Although the switch device 1A shown in Figure 16 includes a connecting member 15A and a third resistive element R3, the connecting member 15A and the third resistive element R3 may be provided outside the switch device 1A. For example, the third resistive element R3 may be provided inside the detection device A2, or the third resistive element R3 may be provided outside the switch device 1A and the detection device A2. The connecting member 15A may be configured as needed, depending on the configuration of the third resistive element R3.

[0125] Figure 17 is an external perspective view of the switch device 1A in modified example 2. In Figure 17, the same reference numerals are used for components similar to those in Figures 1 and 16, and their descriptions in Figure 17 are omitted. In Figure 17, an operator 70 (see Figure 1) is arranged inside the first case 10A, and the operator 70 is linked to a first pressing part 100A provided on top of the cap 22. The second case 10B has the same configuration as the first case 10A.

[0126] The fourth external connection terminal 301, inserted into the first case 10A, and the fifth external connection terminal 401, inserted into the second case 10B, are electrically connected by a connecting member 15A. In this case, the connecting member 15A is made of wire.

[0127] The first pressing section 100A provided in the first case 10A can be pressed by the first lever 200A, and the second pressing section 100B provided in the second case 10B can be pressed by the second lever 200B.

[0128] The first pressing part 100A moves in conjunction with the operator 70 (see Figure 1) provided inside the first case 10A, and the open / closed state of the first opening / closing part SW1 is determined based on the position of the operator 70. The second case 10B has the same configuration as the first case 10A, so its explanation is omitted here.

[0129] The first lever 200A and the second lever 200B are fixed to each other by a fixing member 300, and the first lever 200A and the second lever 200B move in conjunction with each other. The first lever 200A is provided inside the first case 10A and moves in conjunction with the operator 70 (see Figure 1), and the second lever 200B is provided inside the second case 10B and moves in conjunction with the operator 70 (see Figure 1). The first lever 200A and the second lever 200B may also be fixed to an outer casing (not shown) that houses the first case 10A and the second case 10B.

[0130] Therefore, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, even in a switch device 1A where the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 are installed in different cases (first case 10A and second case 10B), the open / closed states of the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 can be changed, just as in the switch device 1 where the first opening / closing part SW1 and the second opening / closing part SW2 are installed in the same case (case 10) as described above.

[0131] Since the first lever 200A and the second lever 200B are fixed by the fixing member 300, the relative positional relationship between the first lever 200A and the second lever 200B is always the same.

[0132] The first lever 200A, the second lever 200B, and the fixing member 300 may be formed as a single unit. Alternatively, instead of using the first lever 200A and the second lever 200B, a pusher (not shown) that presses the first pressing part 100A and the second pressing part 100B may be placed adjacent to each other. In this case, it is preferable to press them so that the first pressing part 100A and the second pressing part 100B move in conjunction. Pressing in conjunction includes not only pressing them simultaneously, but also pressing one after the other in a regular manner.

[0133] (Embodiment 5) With respect to the switch device 1B according to Embodiment 5, components similar to those in the embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0134] Similar to the switch device 1A of Modification 2 shown in Figure 16, the switch device 1B of Embodiment 5 has two cases (first case 10A and second case 10B). In the switch device 1A shown in Figure 16, a third resistive element R3 is provided outside the first case 10A and the second case 10B. On the other hand, in the switch device 1B shown in Figure 18, a resistive element R31 is provided inside the first case 10A, and a resistive element R32 is provided inside the second case 10B. In the switch device 1B of Embodiment 5, a fault detection system A1 can be realized with a single detection device A2.

[0135] Figure 19 shows an explanatory diagram illustrating the operation of the switch device 1B according to Embodiment 5. The relationship between the open / closed state of the switch device 1B and the detected voltage V3 detected by the detection device A2 is as shown in Figure 19.

[0136] In the example shown in Figure 19, the voltage decreases as the operator 70 (see Figure 1) is pressed. However, by changing the on / off switching of the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2, it is also possible to configure the system so that the voltage increases as the operator 70 (see Figure 1) is pressed.

[0137] (Embodiment 6) With respect to the switch device 1C according to Embodiment 6, components similar to those in the embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0138] Similar to Embodiment 5, the switch device 1C of Embodiment 6 has two cases (first case 10A and second case 10B). The difference between the switch device 1B shown in Figure 18 and the switch device 1C shown in Figure 20 is whether or not the first resistive element R1 and resistive element R31 are included in the first case 10A.

[0139] The relationship between the open / closed state of the switch device 1C in Embodiment 6 and the detected voltage V3 detected by the detection device A2 is as shown in Figure 21.

[0140] In the example shown in Figure 21, the voltage increases as the operator 70 (see Figure 1) is pressed. However, by changing the on / off switching of the first switch SW1 and the second switch SW2, it is also possible to configure the system so that the voltage decreases as the operator 70 (see Figure 1) is pressed.

[0141] (Aspects) The following aspects are disclosed in this specification.

[0142] The switch device (1) according to the first embodiment comprises a first external connection terminal (30), a second external connection terminal (40), and a third external connection terminal (50), a case (10), an operator (70), a first switching unit (SW1), a second switching unit (SW2), a first resistive element (R1), a second resistive element (R2), a third resistive element (R3), and connecting members (spring receiving piece 15, first return spring 61, second return spring 62). The case (10) into which the first external connection terminal (30), the second external connection terminal (40), and the third external connection terminal (50) are inserted. The operator (70) is inserted into the case (10) and is displaceable up and down in response to external operation. The first switching unit (SW1) and the second switching unit (SW2) are arranged inside the case (10). The first resistive element (R1) is connected in parallel with the first switch (SW1). The second resistive element (R2) is connected in parallel with the second switch (SW2). The third resistive element (R3) is positioned between the first resistive element (R1) and the second resistive element (R2). The connecting member, when viewed from above, is positioned between the first resistive element (R1) and the second resistive element (R2) and electrically connects the first switch (SW1) and the second switch (SW2). The first switch (SW1) is connected to the second switch (SW2). The first external connection terminal (30) is connected to the first switch (SW1) and the first resistive element (R1). The second external connection terminal (40) is connected to the second switch (SW2) and the second resistive element (R2). The third external connection terminal (50) is connected in series with the third resistive element (R3) and the connecting member. The open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) are determined based on the position of the operator (70).

[0143] According to the first embodiment of the switch device (1), high-precision detection of wiring faults and contact faults is possible.

[0144] In the switch device (1) according to the second embodiment, the third external connection terminal (50) is located between the first external connection terminal (30) and the second external connection terminal (40) as in the first embodiment.

[0145] In the switch device (1) according to the third embodiment, in the second embodiment, the first external connection terminal (30), the second external connection terminal (40), and the third external connection terminal (50) are arranged in a line in the order of the first external connection terminal (30), the third external connection terminal (50), and the second external connection terminal (40).

[0146] In the switch device (1) according to the fourth embodiment, in the first embodiment, the operator (70) is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element (R1) when there is no operation. The open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) are as follows: when the operator (70) moves to a first position which is below the initial position, the open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) does not change, but the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) changes; when the operator (70) moves to a second position which is below the first position, the open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) changes, but the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) does not change.

[0147] According to the fourth embodiment of the switch device (1), since the two opening / closing parts (first opening / closing part SW1, second opening / closing part SW2) can be switched one at a time, it is less likely to result in an unintended opening or closing state, even momentarily, and the switching operation can be performed smoothly.

[0148] In the switch device (1) according to the fifth embodiment, in the first embodiment, the open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) include a first open / closed state, a second open / closed state, and a third open / closed state. In the first open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is in a closed state and the second switch (SW2) is in an open state. In the second open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is in a closed state and the second switch (SW2) is in a closed state. In the third open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is in an open state and the second switch (SW2) is in a closed state.

[0149] According to the switch device (1) of the fifth embodiment, the degree of pressing can be determined because the open / closed state differs depending on how far it is pressed.

[0150] In the switch device (1) according to the sixth embodiment, as in the fifth embodiment, the operator (70) is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element (R1) when there is no operation. The open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) are as follows: when the operator (70) is in the initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator (70) is in a first position which is lower than the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator (70) is in a second position which is lower than the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

[0151] According to the sixth embodiment of the switch device (1), the output value is set to increase in steps, so false detections such as the output value temporarily matching the value when it is in a different position are less likely to occur.

[0152] In the seventh embodiment of the switch device (1), in the first embodiment, the open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) include a first open / closed state, a second open / closed state, and a third open / closed state. In the first open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is closed and the second switch (SW2) is open. In the second open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is open and the second switch (SW2) is open. In the third open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is open and the second switch (SW2) is closed.

[0153] According to the seventh embodiment of the switch device (1), the degree of pressing can be determined because the open / closed state differs depending on how far it is pressed.

[0154] In the switch device (1) according to the eighth embodiment, in the fifth embodiment, the operator (70) is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element (R1) when there is no operation. The open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) are as follows: when the operator (70) is in the initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator (70) is in a first position which is below the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator (70) is in a second position which is below the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

[0155] According to the eighth embodiment of the switch device (1), the output value is set to decrease in steps, so false detections such as the output value temporarily matching the value when it is in a different position are less likely to occur.

[0156] In the switch device (1) according to the ninth embodiment, in the fifth or seventh embodiment, when in the first open / closed state or the third open / closed state, the voltage value between the first external connection terminal (30) and the third external connection terminal (50) is different from the voltage value between the second external connection terminal (40) and the third external connection terminal (50).

[0157] In the switch device (1) according to the tenth embodiment, in any one of the first to seventh embodiments, the resistance value of the first resistive element (R1) and the resistance value of the second resistive element (R2) are different.

[0158] According to the switch device (1) of the tenth embodiment, the location of the fault can be detected more accurately by the difference in output values.

[0159] In the switch device (1) according to the eleventh embodiment, in the tenth embodiment, the first resistive element (R1), the second resistive element (R2), and the third resistive element (R3) all have different resistance values.

[0160] According to the switch device (1) of the eleventh embodiment, the fault location can be detected more accurately based on the difference in output values.

[0161] In the switch device (1) according to the twelfth embodiment, in the first embodiment, the open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) include only the first open / closed state and the second open / closed state. In the first open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is in the open state and the second switch (SW2) is in the open state. In the second open / closed state, the first switch (SW1) is in the closed state and the second switch (SW2) is in the closed state. The open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) and the second switch (SW2) is switched when the operator (70) is pressed. When the open / closed state of the first switch (SW1) is switched, the open / closed state of the second switch (SW2) is switched.

[0162] According to the switch device (1) of the twelfth embodiment, since the output resistance value differs depending on the state, even if one of the two switching units (first switching unit SW1, second switching unit SW2) fails, the other switching unit can be operated independently.

[0163] A fault detection system (A1) according to the 13th embodiment comprises a switch device (1) from any one of the first to 12 embodiments and a detection device (A2). The detection device (A2) detects a fault in the switch device (1).

[0164] According to the fault detection system (A1) of the 13th embodiment, high-precision detection of wiring faults and contact faults is possible.

[0165] In the fault detection system (A1) according to the 14th embodiment, in the 13th embodiment, the detection device (A2) detects a fault in the switch device (1) based on the voltage between the first external connection terminal (30) and the third external connection terminal (50) and the voltage between the second external connection terminal (40) and the third external connection terminal (50).

[0166] According to the fault detection system (A1) of the 14th embodiment, a fault can be determined when a contact failure occurs in one switch.

[0167] 1, 1A, 1B, 1C Switch device 10 Case 10A First case 10B Second case 11 First spring support part 12 First contact holding part 13 Second spring support part 14 Second contact holding part 15 Spring receiving piece (connecting member) 15A Connecting member 22 Cap 221 Main body part 222 Flange 30 First external connection terminal 301 Fourth external connection terminal 31 First fixed contact piece 31a First fixed contact 40 Second external connection terminal 401 Fifth external connection terminal 41 Second fixed contact piece 41a Second fixed contact 50 Third external connection terminal 61 First return spring (connecting member) 62 Second return spring (connecting member) 70 Operator 80 First actuator 83a First movable contact 90 Second actuator 93a Second movable contact 100A First pressing part 100B Second pressing part 200A First lever 200B Second lever 300 Fixing member A1 Fault detection system A2 Detection device R1 First resistive element R2 Second resistive element R3 Third resistive element SW1 First switching part SW2 Second switching part V11, V12 First detection voltage V21, V22 Second detection voltage V3 Detection voltage

Claims

1. A first external connection terminal, a second external connection terminal, and a third external connection terminal; a case into which the first external connection terminal, the second external connection terminal, and the third external connection terminal are inserted; an operator inserted into the case and capable of being displaced up and down in response to external operation; a first opening / closing section and a second opening / closing section arranged inside the case; a first resistive element connected in parallel with the first opening / closing section; a second resistive element connected in parallel with the second opening / closing section; a third resistive element positioned between the first resistive element and the second resistive element; and a connecting member positioned between the first resistive element and the second resistive element when viewed from above, electrically connecting the first opening / closing section and the second opening / closing section, wherein the first opening / closing section is connected to the second opening / closing section; the first external connection terminal is connected to the first opening / closing section and the first resistive element; the second external connection terminal is connected to the second opening / closing section and the second resistive element; and the third external connection terminal is connected in series with the third resistive element and the connecting member. A switch device in which the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section are determined based on the position of the operator.

2. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the third external connection terminal is located between the first external connection terminal and the second external connection terminal.

3. The switch device according to claim 2, wherein the first external connection terminal, the second external connection terminal, and the third external connection terminal are arranged in a row in the order of the first external connection terminal, the third external connection terminal, and the second external connection terminal.

4. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the operator is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element when there is no operation, and the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section are as follows: When the operator moves to a first position which is below the initial position, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section does not change, but the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section changes; and when the operator moves to a second position which is below the first position, the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section changes, but the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section does not change.

5. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the open / closed state of the first open / closed section and the open / closed state of the second open / closed section include: a first open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is closed and the second open / closed section is open; a second open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is closed and the second open / closed section is closed; and a third open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is open and the second open / closed section is closed.

6. The switch device according to claim 5, wherein the operator is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element when there is no operation, and the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section are as follows: when the operator is in the initial position, it is the first open / closed state; when the operator is in a first position below the initial position, it is the second open / closed state; and when the operator is in a second position below the first position, it is the third open / closed state.

7. The switch device according to claim 1, wherein the open / closed state of the first open / closed section and the open / closed state of the second open / closed section include: a first open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is closed and the second open / closed section is open; a second open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is open and the second open / closed section is open; and a third open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is open and the second open / closed section is closed.

8. The switch device according to claim 5, wherein the operator is positioned in an initial position above the first resistive element when there is no operation, and the open / closed state of the first opening / closing section and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section are as follows: when the operator is in the initial position, it is in the first open / closed state; when the operator is in a first position below the initial position, it is in the second open / closed state; and when the operator is in a second position below the first position, it is in the third open / closed state.

9. The switch device according to claim 5 or 7, wherein when the first opening / closing section and the second opening / closing section are in the first opening / closing state or the third opening / closing state, the voltage value between the first external connection terminal and the third external connection terminal is different from the voltage value between the second external connection terminal and the third external connection terminal.

10. The switch device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the resistance value of the first resistive element and the resistance value of the second resistive element are different.

11. The switch device according to claim 10, wherein the first resistive element, the second resistive element, and the third resistive element all have different resistance values.

12. The open / closed state of the first open / closed section and the open / closed state of the second open / closed section include only a first open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is open and the second open / closed state in which the first open / closed section is closed and the second open / closed section is closed, wherein the open / closed state of the first open / closed section and the second open / closed section switches when the operator is pressed, and the open / closed state of the second open / closed section switches when the open / closed state of the first open / closed section switches, as described in claim 1.

13. A fault detection system comprising a switch device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, and a detection device for detecting a fault in the switch device.

14. The fault detection system according to claim 13, wherein the detection device detects a fault in the switch device based on the voltage between the first external connection terminal and the third external connection terminal and the voltage between the second external connection terminal and the third external connection terminal.

15. A first external connection terminal and a second external connection terminal; a first case into which the first external connection terminal is inserted; a second case into which the second external connection terminal is inserted; a first operator inserted into the first case and capable of being displaced up and down in response to external operation; a second operator inserted into the second case and capable of being displaced up and down in response to external operation; a first opening / closing section disposed within the first case; a second opening / closing section disposed within the second case; a first resistive element connected in parallel with the first opening / closing section and disposed within the first case; a second resistive element connected in parallel with the second opening / closing section and disposed within the second case; and a connecting member electrically connecting the first opening / closing section and the second opening / closing section, wherein the first opening / closing section is connected in series with the second opening / closing section; the first external connection terminal is connected to the first opening / closing section and the first resistive element; and the second external connection terminal is connected to the second opening / closing section and the second resistive element. The open / closed state of the first opening / closing section is determined based on the position of the first operator, and the open / closed state of the second opening / closing section is determined based on the position of the second operator, and the first operator and the second operator move in conjunction with each other in this switch device.

16. The switch device according to claim 15, further comprising: a first lever which is linked to the first operator and positioned above the first case; a second lever which is linked to the second operator and positioned above the second case; and a fixing member which fixes the first lever and the second lever.

17. The switch device according to claim 16, wherein the first lever, the second lever, and the fixing member are integrally formed.

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