Systems and methods for robotic drilling systems
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/083411
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-24
Smart Images

Figure CN2025083411_24092026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Systems and Methods for Robotic Drilling SystemsFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention generally relates to artificial intelligence and control systems and, more specifically, the control and management of the operation of robotic drilling systems.BACKGROUND
[0002] An autonomous control system refers to a system capable of making decisions and performing actions without direct human intervention. These systems rely on sensors, actuators, and algorithms to perceive their environment, process information, and execute appropriate actions to achieve their objectives. Autonomous control systems are often associated with robotics, drones, self-driving cars, and various other autonomous vehicles. They typically involve complex algorithms for navigation, obstacle avoidance, decision-making, and sometimes machine learning to improve their performance over time. These systems are designed to operate safely and efficiently in dynamic and uncertain environments, often requiring a combination of advanced sensors such as cameras, lidar, radar, and GPS, as well as sophisticated software to interpret sensor data and make decisions in real time.
[0003] Autonomous systems play a pivotal role in modern robotics by enabling robots to operate independently and adapt to changing environments without constant human oversight. These systems empower robots to perform a wide range of tasks, from manufacturing and logistics to search and rescue missions, exploration, and even household chores. By integrating sensors, such as cameras, lidar, and proximity sensors, with powerful computing systems and sophisticated algorithms, autonomous robots can perceive their surroundings, make decisions, and execute actions with precision and efficiency.
[0004] Using robots in place of human labor has become increasingly common across various industries due to the numerous benefits they offer. Robots can perform repetitive, tedious, or physically demanding tasks with greater speed, accuracy, and consistency than humans. This substitution of labor with robots can lead to increased productivity, as robots can work around the clock without the need for breaks or rest, thereby optimizing production processes and reducing cycle times.SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0005] Systems and methods for robotic drilling systems in accordance with embodiment of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a drilling robot, the robot includes an outer casing, a chassis coupled to the outer casing, and a plurality of wheels. The drilling robot further includes at least one drive motor received at least partially in the chassis and configured to rotatably drive the plurality of wheels on a surface, an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along the surface, and a drilling module coupled to the housing that supports a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the surface.
[0006] In another embodiment, the movement axis is substantially perpendicular to the surface.
[0007] In a further embodiment, the drill comprises a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and a bit holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support a drill bit.
[0008] In still another embodiment, the transmission is configured to transmit at least one of rotational motion or axial motion to the bit holder.
[0009] In a still further embodiment, the drilling module comprises a guide rail fixedly coupled to a frame that is coupled to the outer casing, a first slider movably mounted to the guide rail and configured to support a linear movement of the drill along the movement axis.
[0010] In yet another embodiment, the drilling module includes a second slider movably mounted to the guide rail.
[0011] In a yet further embodiment, the drilling module includes a shock absorption module configured to dampen movement of the drill along the movement axis.
[0012] In another additional embodiment, the shock absorption module comprises a floating block coupled to a rear end of the drill, a guiding block supported relative to the frame coupled to the outer casing, at least one spring that biases the floating block away from the guiding block along the movement axis.
[0013] In a further additional embodiment, the drilling robot further includes at least one pin that constrains a travel distance of the floating block away from guiding block.
[0014] In another embodiment again, the drilling robot further includes an electronic control unit configured to control movement of the drill along the movement axis.
[0015] In a further embodiment again, the electronic control unit is coupled to a position detection sensor.
[0016] In still yet another embodiment, the electronic control unit is configured to control actuation of the drill motor.
[0017] In a still yet further embodiment, the drilling robot further includes a sensor or a camera positioned proximate the drill bit to sense a depth of a hole drilled by the drill bit, wherein the electronic control unit is configured to analyze data received from the sensor the camera to determine a depth of the hole.
[0018] In still another additional embodiment, the drilling robot further includes an actuator arm in engagement with the first slider configured to move the first slider along the driller along the movement axis, and an actuator motor.
[0019] In a still further additional embodiment, the drilling robot further includes a lead screw that is rotatable by the actuator motor to cause a linear movement of the actuator arm along the movement axis.
[0020] In still another embodiment again, the drilling robot further includes an encoder associated with the actuator motor, and a controller that controls a supply of power to the actuator motor in a closed-loop speed control based on feedback from the encoder to maintain a substantially steady movement of the driller during a drilling operation.
[0021] In a still further embodiment again, the drilling robot further includes a dust cover in contact with at least a portion of the drill proximate the rear end thereof or the second slider, and configured to contain passage of dust past the second slider, wherein the dust cover is moveable with the actuator arm.
[0022] In yet another additional embodiment, the drilling robot further includes a drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis.
[0023] In a yet further additional embodiment, the drilling guide jig comprises a die jig supporting a die core, wherein the die core comprises the opening.
[0024] In yet another embodiment again, the die jig comprises a first piece and a second piece pivotably mounted to the first piece between an open position and a closed position via a pivot member extending substantially parallel to the movement axis, and clasp that secures the second piece to the first piece in the closed position.
[0025] In another additional embodiment again, the drilling robot further includes an access door coupled to the outer casing to allow access to the drill, wherein the second piece swings into the open position in the direction of the access door.
[0026] In a further additional embodiment again, the drilling robot further includes a dust collector head mounted below the bit alignment structure and adjacent a location where a drill bit coupled to the drill engages the surface, the dust collector head including a substantially U-shaped body defining an inlet that at least partially surrounds the drill bit.
[0027] In still yet another additional embodiment, the drilling robot further includes a vacuum coupled to the outer casing in fluid communication with the dust collector head.
[0028] In yet another additional embodiment again, the vacuum includes a vacuum motor configured to provide suction to the dust collector head.
[0029] In a yet further additional embodiment again, the vacuum motor is configured to be automatically turned on when the drill motor is turned on and configured to be automatically turned off when the drill motor is turned off.
[0030] In still yet another additional embodiment again, the drilling robot further includes a sensor configured to sense an ID tag associated with a drill bit and output a signal, and a controller that controls an operation of the robot according to the ID tag.
[0031] In a still yet further additional embodiment, the controller is configured to prevent a drilling operation if the ID tag is not compatible with a target drilling location.
[0032] In yet another further additional embodiment, further including a battery configured to power the robot motor.
[0033] In yet another further additional embodiment again, the drilling robot includes a battery interface including a terminal block and the battery is a removeable battery pack coupled to the battery interface.
[0034] Additional embodiments and features are set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the specification or may be learned by the practice of the invention. A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and the drawings, which forms a part of this disclosure.
[0035] In another embodiment, a drilling robot includes an outer casing; a chassis coupled to the outer casing; a set of one or more motors placed in the chassis configured to drive the robot; a drilling module; and a programmable control unit comprising a set of one or more processors and a memory containing a drilling application, wherein execution of the drilling application configures the set of processors to control the drilling robot to: transmit information associated with the drilling robot to a robot management system; receive information associated with a drilling task; perform the drilling task; and verify completion of the drilling task.
[0036] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The drilling module may include a drill housing, a drill motor, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the drill motor, a drill chuck, and a drill bit configured to be locked within the drill chuck. The drill transmission may transmit a rotational motion to the drill chuck. The drilling module may include a linear guide rail coupled to the outer casing, wherein the linear guide rail may include a first slider mounted to the linear guide rail configured to facilitate movements of the drilling module. The drilling module may include a second slider mounted to the linear guide rail. The drilling module may include at least one shock absorption module that dampens movements of the drill module. The at least one shock absorption module may include a floating block, a guiding block, and at least one spring. The drilling robot may include a lead screw actuator configured to move the drilling module along a movement axis of the drilling module. The lead screw actuator may include a motor with an encoder, a lead screw, a coupling module, and a calibration sensor. The motor with the encoder may apply a rotational movement to the trapezoidal lead screw causing the lead screw to apply a vertical movement to the drilling module. The encoder may be configured to measure the rotational movement applied to the lead screw, and the programmable control unit is further configured by the application to monitor the vertical movement to the drilling module based upon the measured rotational movement. The calibration sensor may determine if the drilling module is in a position for drill bit replacement. The drilling robot may include a dust cover to prevent dust from entering the lead screw actuator during drilling. The lead screw actuator may be coupled to a slider. The drilling robot may include a drilling guide jig that includes an opening to guide a path of a drill bit. The drilling guide jig may include a die jig supporting a die core, where in the die core provides the opening to guide the path of the drill bit. The drilling robot may include a vacuuming module coupled to the outer casing and configured to vacuum debris caused by the drilling module during drilling. The vacuuming module may include a dust collector head, a vacuum hose port, and a dust inlet. The drilling robot may include a sensor configured to detect an ID tag associated with a drill bit to determine if the drill bit is correct for the received task. The drilling robot may include an inspection camera mounted near the drilling module to monitor a status of drilling.
[0037] In another embodiment, a drilling robot includes a chassis; an outer casing coupled to the chassis; a plurality of wheels supported by the chassis; at least one drive motor received at least partially in the outer casing and configured to rotatably drive the plurality of wheels on a work surface; an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along the work surface; and a drilling module coupled to the outer casing that supports a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface.
[0038] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The movement axis may be substantially perpendicular to the work surface. The drill may include a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and an output tool holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support the drill bit. The transmission may be configured to transmit at least one of rotational motion or axial motion to the output tool holder. The drilling module may include a frame, a guide rail fixedly coupled to the frame, a first slider movably mounted to the guide rail and configured to support a linear movement of the drill along the movement axis. The drilling module may include a second slider movably mounted to the guide rail. The drilling robot may include a shock absorption module configured to dampen movement of the drill along the movement axis. The shock absorption module may include a floating block coupled to a rear end of the drill, a guiding block coupled to the slider, at least one spring that biases the floating block away from the guiding block along the movement axis. The shock absorption module may include at least one retention pillar that constrains a travel distance of the floating block away from guiding block. The drilling unit may include an electronic control unit configured to control movement of the drill along the movement axis. The electronic control unit may be coupled to a position detection sensor configured to including a first element mounted to the guiding block and a second element mounted to the floating block and configured sense a position of the floating block relative to the guiding block. The electronic control unit may be configured to control actuation of the drill when the drill bit makes contact with the working surface. The drilling robot may include a sensor or a camera positioned proximate the drill bit to sense a depth of a hole drilled by the drill bit, wherein the electronic control unit is configured to analyze data received from the sensor the camera to determine a depth of the hole. The drilling robot may include an actuator arm in engagement with the second slider configured to move the second slider along the driller along the movement axis, and an actuator motor. The drilling robot may include a lead screw that is rotatable by the actuator motor to cause a linear movement of the actuator arm along the movement axis. The drilling robot may include an encoder associated with the actuator motor, and a controller that controls a supply of power to the actuator motor in a closed-loop speed control based on feedback from the encoder to maintain a substantially steady movement of the driller during a drilling operation. The drilling robot may include a drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis. The drilling guide jig may include a die jig supporting a die core, wherein the die core may include the opening. The die core may be associated with the drilling bit and may be replaceable. The die jig may include a first piece and a second piece pivotably mounted to the first piece between an open position and a closed position via a pivot member extending substantially parallel to the movement axis, and a latch mechanism that secures the second piece to the first piece in the closed position. The drilling robot may include an access door coupled to the outer casing to allow access to the drill, wherein the second piece swings into the open position in the direction of the access door. The drilling robot may include a dust collector head mounted below a bit alignment structure and adjacent a location where a drill bit coupled to the drill engages the surface. The dust collector head may include a substantially U-shaped body defining an inlet that at least partially surrounds the drill bit. The drilling robot may include a vacuum coupled to the outer casing in fluid communication with the dust collector head. The vacuum may include a vacuum motor configured to provide suction to the dust collector head. The vacuum motor may be configured to be automatically turned on when the drill is turned on and configured to be automatically turned off when the drill is turned off. The drilling robot may include a sensor configured to sense an ID tag associated with a drill bit and output a signal, and a controller that controls an operation of the robot according to the ID tag. The controller may be configured to prevent a drilling operation if the ID tag is not compatible with a target drilling location. The drilling robot may include a battery configured to power the robot motor. The drilling robot may include a battery compartment including a terminal block and the battery is a removeable battery pack mounted in the battery receptacle. The drilling robot may include a plurality of shock absorption modules located between the drilling module and at least one of the outer casing or the chassis, the plurality of shock absorption modules comprising a first shock absorption module arranged to absorb shock along a first direction and a second shock absorption module arranged to absorb shock along a second direction different from the first direction.
[0039] In another embodiment, a drilling robot includes a chassis and an outer casing; an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along a work surface; a drilling module configured to drive a drill bit into the work surface to drill holes at a plurality of preset locations; and a drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis.
[0040] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The drilling guide jig may include a die jig supporting a die core, wherein the die core may include the opening. The die core may be removably received within the die jib and may include a unique identifier associated with the drilling bit. The die jig may include a first piece and a second piece pivotably mounted to the first piece between an open position and a closed position via a pivot member extending substantially parallel to the movement axis, and latch mechanism that secures the second piece to the first piece in the closed position. The drilling robot may include an access door coupled to the outer casing to allow access to the drill, wherein the second piece swings into the open position in the direction of the access door.
[0041] In another embodiment, a drilling robot includes a chassis supporting a plurality of wheels; an outer casing coupled to the chassis and defining a mounting cavity on a first side of the chassis, a first mounting platform proximate the mounting cavity, and a second mounting platform lower than the first mounting platform on a second side of the chassis opposite the first side; an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along a work surface; a drilling module mounted within the mounting cavity and configured to drive a drill bit into the work surface to drill holes at a plurality of preset locations; a navigation beacon mounted on the first mounting platform, wherein a top surface of the drilling module is orientated along a first plane that is above a line of sight of the navigation beacon; and a vacuuming module mounted on the second mounting platform and in fluid communication with the drilling module, wherein a top surface of the vacuuming module is oriented along a second plane that is below the light of sight of the navigation beacon.
[0042] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The drilling module may include a dust collector head disposed proximate the drill bit, and the vacuuming module may include a vacuum motor configured to provide suction to the dust collector head via a hose that extends through the outer casing. The vacuum motor may be configured to be automatically turned on when the drill is turned on and configured to be automatically turned off when the drill is turned off. The drilling robot may include a battery access door disposed on a lateral side of the outer casing and configured to receive a removable battery pack therein, the battery pack being configured to selectively power the vacuuming module and the drilling module. The drill module may support a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the work surface, the drill rotatably driving the drill bit into the work surface, may include a drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis, wherein the dust collector is coupled to the drilling guide jig.
[0043] In another embodiment, a drilling apparatus includes a frame; a drill located within the frame for movement along a movement axis transverse to a work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface; a guide rail fixedly coupled to the frame; a first slider movably mounted to the guide rail and configured to support a linear movement of the drill along the movement axis; a second slider movably mounted to the guide rail; and a shock absorption module configured to dampen movement of the drill along the movement axis, wherein the shock absorption module includes a floating block coupled to a rear end of the drill, a guiding block coupled to the slider, at least one spring that biases the floating block away from the guiding block along the movement axis.
[0044] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The shock absorption module may include at least one retention pillar that constrains a travel distance of the floating block away from guiding block. The first slider may include a slider member including an axial groove that engages the guide rail. The drilling apparatus may include a position detection sensor configured to output a signal associated with a position of the floating block relative to the guiding block. The drilling apparatus may include a control unit configured to receive the signal from the position detection sensor and determine an amount of force exerted on the drill bit as a function of an amount of movement of the floating block relative to the guiding block. The control unit may be configured to detect a type of material contacted by the drill based on the amount of force exerted on the drill bit.
[0045] In another embodiment, a drilling apparatus includes a frame; a drill located within the frame for movement along a movement axis transverse to a work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface, the drill may include a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and an output tool holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support the drill bit; and a drill bit identifier mounted within the frame proximate the drill bit and configured to identify a type of the drill bit.
[0046] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The drill bit may be equipped with an identification tag and the drill bit identifier may include a sensor configured to sense the identification tag. The identification tag may be a RFID tag. The drilling apparatus may include an actuator motor assembly configured to drive a lead screw that supports movement of the drill along the movement axis, wherein the drill bit identifier is mounted on a face of the actuator motor assembly. The drilling apparatus may include a control unit configured to receive a drill bit identification information from the drill bit identifier, determine a characteristic of the drill bit based on the drill bit identifier, and inhibit an operation of the drill if the characteristic of the drill does not match a prescribed drill bit characteristic associated with a target drilling location.
[0047] In another embodiment, a drilling apparatus includes a frame; a drill located within the frame for movement along a movement axis transverse to a work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface, the drill comprises a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and an output tool holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support the drill bit; and a bit replacement clamp configured to engage the output tool holder to disengage the drill bit, the bit replacement clamp comprising a drill engagement portion configured to be mounted around the drill housing, a tool holder engagement portion configured to be mounted around the output tool holder, and an actuator handle that causes movement of the output tool holder towards the housing.
[0048] Implementations of this embodiment may include one or more of the following additional embodiments. The drill engagement portion may include a substantially semi-annular body with two cam surfaces formed at opposite ends of the semi-annular body. The tool holder engagement portion may include a substantially U-shaped or semi-annular outer body, and an inner body configured to wrap around a portion of the output tool holder. The inner body of the tool holder engagement portion may include a sloped surface leading into a U-shaped opening that engages a lower end of the output tool holder. The actuator handle may include angled portions forming cam followers for engagement with the cam surfaces.
[0049] In another embodiment, a method of operating a drilling robot (the drilling robot including an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along the work surface, and a drilling module coupled to the outer casing that supports a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the work surface, wherein the drill rotatably drives a drill bit into the work surface) includes: controlling a movement of the drilling robot to a location designated for a drilling operation; driving an actuator motor to move the drill from a home position in a downward direction along the movement axis; determining if the drill bit is in contact with or in close proximity to the work surface; activating the drill to start the drilling operation; determining if a desired drilling depth has been reached; continuing to drive the actuator motor until the desired drilling depth is reached; after the desired drilling depth is reached, driving the actuator motor in a reverse direction to move the driller in an upward direction along the movement axis; deactivating the drill to stop the drilling operation; and stopping the actuator motor when the drill reaches the home position.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0050] The description and claims will be more fully understood with reference to the following figures and data graphs, which are presented as exemplary embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as a complete recitation of the scope of the invention.
[0051] FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate a drilling robot in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0052] FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate a drilling module in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
[0053] FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate a drill actuator assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0054] FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate an upper slider in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0055] FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate a process for rebar detection during drilling in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0056] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate alternative views of the drilling robot with an access door closed and opened for drill bit replacement in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0057] FIG. 6C illustrates an example process for drill bit and die core installation and replacement in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0058] FIG. 6D illustrates of a bit replacement clamp in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0059] FIGS. 6E-6G illustrate views of the bit replacement clamp mounted on a drilling module and actuated to release a drill bit, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0060] FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate a drilling guide jig in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0061] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of an electronic control unit (ECU) in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0062] FIG. 9 illustrates a process for operation of a drilling robot in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0063] FIG. 10 illustrates a drilling robot coordination process in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0064] FIG. 11 illustrates a side view of a drilling robot in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0065] FIG. 12 illustrates a bottom-up view of an installed vacuum module in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0066] FIG. 13 illustrates an example flow diagram for a process for controlling the drilling operations of the drilling robot, according to an embodiment of the invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0067] There are many labor-intensive tasks that need to be performed in all types of construction jobs. One such labor-intensive task is drilling. In the construction industry, drilling is a vital process integral to infrastructure projects such as building foundations, tunnels, bridges, roads, and large-scale developments. Among these applications, construction drilling plays a particularly important role in the development and operational success of data centers. As highly specialized facilities that house essential IT infrastructure such as servers, storage systems, and networking equipment, data centers require precise environmental control, high load-bearing capacity, and reliable utility access. Construction drilling supports these needs, making it an important part of data center development.
[0068] Achieving precise accuracy in construction drilling may also be challenging for human labor due to the physical demands of handling heavy equipment and dealing with site conditions like dust, noise, and uneven surfaces. Maintaining focus and control over long shifts is difficult, especially with constant vibrations from the tools, which can cause fatigue and reduce precision. This can make it easy for human labor to misalign drill angles, over-drill, or under-drill, which are mistakes that can compromise the integrity of a project. Requirements associated with accuracy may be heightened in projects where downward drilling is required, as downward drilling in environments such as the first floor and basements can have demanding anchoring and seismic requirements. Accurate drilling depth, angle, and alignment are essential to meet various building codes and regulations, as misalignment, over-drilling, or shallow holes can weaken anchor performance and lead to anchor failure, which could compromise the stability and integrity of a structure during seismic events.
[0069] With so many factors affecting accuracy, many construction sites are attracted to the idea of drilling robots to reduce human error and improve precision. Drilling robots are machines that use sensors and computer-controlled systems to perform precise drilling tasks and can bore into materials like metal, concrete, and rock with a high level of accuracy and consistency. Drilling robots can maintain their accuracy and efficiency in long periods of operation to significantly increase productivity.
[0070] Current drilling robots, however, face several key limitations that impact their efficiency, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness. They may struggle to operate in unfamiliar environments where navigation and stability are critical. Precision may be affected by vibrations from drilling, which, in turn, can affect the accuracy of drilling. In projects where downward drilling is involved, gravity may also cause debris and drilling fluids to accumulate at the bottom of the hole, leading to blockages, increased friction, and faster bit wear. These obstacles call for specialized systems to manage the drills for smoother operations.
[0071] Systems and methods in accordance with many embodiments provide a lightweight robotic platform capable of performing drilling while ensuring the stability of the overall platform. In various embodiments, the robotic platform is capable of autonomous operation. In many embodiments, robotic platforms utilize stabilization mechanisms to reduce the misalignment of drill bits. Several embodiments reduce oscillations during drilling such that the drill bits are able to remain perpendicular to the drilling surface during drilling. Various embodiments compartmentalize the platform such that the shock from drilling is properly absorbed and that the controllers and processors are protected during drilling. In certain embodiments, robotic platforms include RFID readers to correctly identify drill bits for certain tasks and projects where the drill bits are labeled with RFID tags. Robotic platforms in accordance with numerous embodiments include cameras for inspecting the drill bits and determining whether the drill bits are worn out. Inspection of the drill bits may be performed using machine learning algorithms and image recognition. Some embodiments train a convolutional neural network to determine whether the drill bits are worn out and learn the wear rate of drill bits. Many embodiments are able to utilize cameras to determine if the drilled holes are the correct ones. In numerous embodiments, robotic platforms include a vacuum to clean up debris as drilling takes place. This can be especially helpful during downward drilling such that the drill holes are as clean as possible and there is minimal debris that could affect the drill angle of the drill. Drilling Robots
[0072] Drilling robots in accordance with many embodiments perform drilling operations (e.g., downward drilling) with stability while maintaining a lightweight platform. A drilling robot in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 1A-2B. As illustrated in a partially exposed perspective view of Fig. 1A, drilling robot 100 includes a drilling module 110, a vacuuming module (e.g., dust extractor) 120, an outer casing 130, a robot chassis 140, a navigation beacon 150, and a battery (not shown) received in the outer casing 130 and configured to power the robot 100. Details of each component on the drilling robot are described further below. Fig. 1B illustrates the drilling robot in accordance with an embodiment of the invention from an alternative perspective angle.
[0073] According to embodiments, as shown in Figs. 1A-1B, the chassis 140 forms a supporting structure for the drilling robot 100 and supports a plurality of wheels 142 driven by one or more drive motors (not shown) , which may be housed internally within the outer casing 130. The outer casing 130 may be supported by the chassis 140 and include two support walls 132 that together define a mounting cavity on a first side of the drilling robot 100 for supporting the drilling module 110. A first mounting platform 134 is located adjacent the drilling module 110 and is arranged to support the navigation beacon 150. A second mounting platform 136 is located on a second side of the drilling robot 100 opposite the first side and arranged to support the vacuuming module 120. The navigation beacon 150 includes visual sensor (s) and / or camera (s) to help control the navigation of the drilling robot 100 and positioning of the drilling module 110 to one or more target drilling locations. The vacuuming module 120 may be in fluid communication with the drilling module 110 through a vacuum hose (not shown) that extends through the outer casing 130.
[0074] Although a specific example of a drilling robot is illustrated in this figure, any of a variety of drilling robots can be utilized to perform processes for downward drilling similar to those described herein as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Each component on the drilling robot may be of a variety of architectures. Drilling modules in accordance with certain embodiments include specialized circuitry to transmit and receive information regarding scheduled tasks wirelessly. Indeed, any number of different implementations can be utilized without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. The drilling module 110 in accordance with an embodiment is further illustrated in FIGS. 2A-B. Drilling module 110 includes a frame 210 (e.g., made of a composite or metal material) received in the mounting cavity between the two support walls 132 of the outer casing 139. The frame 210 supports a first side wall 212, asecond side wall 216 opposite the first side wall 212, a rear wall 214 extending between the first and second side walls 212, 214, and a top plate 211, one or more of which may be made of a composite (e.g., carbon fiber) and / or metal (e.g., an alloy) material. These components may be connected using anti-vibration screws and form a main frame defining a drilling compartment for the drilling module 110. The drilling module 110 further includes a driller 230 located at least partially in the drill compartment and extending generally along a drilling axis X that is transverse (e.g., generally perpendicular) to a work surface extending along plane P. The driller 230 removably receives a drill bit 232 that is that is rotatable about the drill axis X and configured to drill holes into a work surface. In an embodiment, the driller 230 may include a drill housing 233, a drill motor (not shown) received in the drill housing 233, an output tool holder 231 (e.g., an SDS bit holder) configured to removably receive the drill bit 232, a drill transmission (not shown) received in the housing and configured to transmit rotary motion of the motor to rotary and / or axial movement of the tool holder 231 and the drill bit 232, and a mode select switch 234 that enables a user to switch among three modes of operation –drilling, hammer drilling, and hammering. An example of such a driller may be, e.g., a DCH614 rotary hammer drill (or a portion thereof) sold by DeWalt Industrial Tool Co. of Towson, Maryland. Example drillers 230 and their components is shown and described in US Patent Publication No. 2021 / 0146520 and US Patent Publication No.2023 / 0118960, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0075] The drilling module 110 further includes a drill actuator assembly 220 coupled to the frame 210 (e.g., to the first side wall 212) and configured to move the driller 230 along the drilling axis X. The drill actuator assembly 220 includes a lead screw 221 extending generally parallel to the drilling axis X and an actuator motor assembly 226 coupled to the frame 210 (e.g., mounted on a lower end of the first side wall 212) and configured to rotate the lead screw 221 about its axis. The drilling module 110 may further include a linear guide rail 222 coupled to the frame 210 (e.g., coupled the second side wall 216) and extending parallel to the drilling axis X to guide the movement of the driller 230 along the drilling axis X. An upper slider 223 and a lower slider 224 are operatively coupled to the driller 230 and to the drill actuator assembly 220 to transfer rotational motion of the lead screw 221 to axial translational movement of the driller 230 along the drilling axis X In addition, a human-machine interface (HMI) 270 may be coupled to the drill actuator assembly 220and, as discussed below in detail, may cooperatively control the movement of the driller 230 within the drilling module 110.
[0076] In some embodiments, a drill bit identifier 251 may be coupled to the drilling module (e.g., coupled to an outer wall of the actuator motor assembly 226 proximate the drill bit) to identify a type of the drill bit, as discussed below in detail. In some embodiments, the drilling module 110 also includes a drilling guide jig 240 located below the driller 230 through which the drill bit 232 extends for proper alignment of the drill bit 232 with a target drilling location. Further, an electronic control unit (ECU) 250 may be electrically coupled to the drilling module 110 and may be located outside the frame 210. These features are also described in further detail below.
[0077] In some embodiments, one or more shock absorption modules 260 and 262, which provide axial and lateral vibration dampening, are located between the frame 210 and the outer casing 130 and / or the chassis 140. As the driller 230 may cause significant level of vibration in concrete drilling operations, the shock absorption modules 260 and 262 may provide vibration dampening between the drilling module 110 and the drilling robot 100. This vibration dampening may be provided in one more directions or degrees of freedom (e.g., linearly along and / or rotationally about one or more of the three coordinate axes) . The shock absorption modules 260 and 262 may include one or more of a spring or a vibration dampening material such as rubber or an elastomer. In an example, two base tabs 261 extend from lower end of the frame 210 overlapping a first support portion 140a of the chassis 140. Two shock absorption modules 260 may be located between each base tab 261 and the first support portion 140a. Additionally, two side tabs 263 extend from a rear end of the frame 210 substantially parallel to the rear wall 214 overlapping a second support portion 140b of the chassis 140. One shock absorption module 262 may be located between each side tab 263 and the second support portion 140b. This structure serves at least three functions: (1) supporting the entire weight of the drilling module on the chassis, (2) transferring the weight of the drilling robot to provide axial force required for drilling operations, and (3) absorbing vibrations generated during the drilling operation to reduce shock and / or damage to the drilling robot components.
[0078] Although a specific example of a drilling module is illustrated in this figure, a variety of drilling modules and / or drillers can be utilized to perform processes for drilling similar to those described herein as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0079] According to various embodiments, the upper slider 223 may be mounted to an upper portion of the drill housing 233 via a vibration dampening mechanism described later in detail. The upper slider 223 may be driven along the drive axis by the drill actuator assembly 220 on one side and may be slidably coupled to the linear guide rail 222 via a guide groove 2237 (shown in Fig. 4A) on another side. According to various embodiments, the lower slider 224 may be coupled to drill housing 233 at a location proximate the drill transmission (not shown) . In an embodiment, the upper slider 223 may be fastened into existing fastening receptacles (not shown) of the drill housing 233. The lower slider 224 may be slidably coupled to the linear guide rail 222 via a guide groove (not shown) . According to various embodiments, the linear guide rail 222 may be securely mounted to the second side wall 216 via anti-vibration screws. This arrangement helps ensure that the driller 230 stays in the designated path of movement along the drive axis without significant deviation.
[0080] Referring also to Figs. 3A and 3B, the drill actuator assembly 220, in accordance with various embodiments, may be configured to drive the driller 230 in an upward or downward direction along the drilling axis X. As stated previously, the drill actuator assembly 220 includes a threaded lead screw 221, which may have threads with a trapezoidal profile, and an actuator motor assembly 226 that causes the lead screw 221 to rotate about its axis, which is generally parallel to the drilling axis X. According to embodiments, the actuator motor assembly 226 includes an actuator motor 2214, an encoder 2219 coupled to the actuator motor 2214, and a non-rotatable coupling module 2211 that supports a rotating connector 2210 driven by actuator motor 2214 and fixed to the lead screw 221. Additionally, according to embodiment, the drill actuator assembly 220 includes an upper bearing 2212 that rotatably supports the lead screw 221 relative to an upper portion of the first side wall 212 while allowing rotation of the lead screw 221. An actuator arm 2213 that may be rotationally fixed, a screw nut 2215 secured to the actuator arm 2213, one or more position sensors 2216 mounted on the first side wall 212 and interfacing the actuator arm 2213, a dust cover mount 2217 mounted below the actuator arm 2213, and a manual operation interface 2218. In an embodiment, one or more of these components may be securely coupled to the first side wall 212 via anti-vibration screws.
[0081] In various embodiments, the lead screw 221 may be supported by the coupling module 2211 on one end and the upper bearing 2212 on another end. A top end of the lead screw 221 may be connected to a manual operation interface 2218, while a bottom end may be connected to the actuator motor 2214 through the rotating connector 2210 of the coupling module 2211. During normal operation, the actuator motor 2214 rotatably drives the rotating connector 2210 of the coupling module 2211, which in turn rotates the lead screw 221.
[0082] In various embodiments, the actuator arm 2213 may be fixedly coupled to the upper slider 223. A screw nut 2215 may be secured (integrally or as a separate component) to the actuator arm 2213 and may be therefore similarly rotationally fixed relative to the lead screw 221. The screw nut 2215 may be mounted on the lead screw 221 via threads. As the lead screw 221 may be rotated through the screw nut 2215, the threads of the lead screw 221 push against the threads of the screw nut 2215, and the screw nut 2215 converts the rotational movement of the lead screw 221 to a linear motion of the screw nut 2215 and the actuator arm 2213 along lead screw 221. Accordingly, linear motion of actuator arm 2213 along the lead screw 221 may be transferred via the upper slider 223 to the driller 230.
[0083] In various embodiments, the actuator motor 2214 drives the rotation of the lead screw 221, which in turn drives the linear movement of the actuator arm 2213. The actuator motor 2214 may be any type of electric motor including but not limited to, a brushed permanent magnet DC motor, a brushless electronically commutated DC motor, etc. Actuator motor 2214 may be designed to operate at an output speed and torque capable of applying a downward force to drive the driller 230 along the axis X during a drilling operation and an upward force the return the driller 230 to an upper (i.e., home) position. In various embodiments, rotation of the actuator motor 2214 in a first (e.g., clockwise) direction causes movement of the actuator arm 2213, and thereby the driller 230, in a downward direction along the drive axis X, and rotation of the actuator motor 2214 in a second (e.g., counterclockwise) direction causes movement of the actuator arm 2213, and thereby the driller 230, in a upward direction along the drive axis X.
[0084] In various embodiments, the encoder 2219 may be provided integrally within the actuator motor assembly 226 proximate the actuator motor 2214. The encoder 2219 may be electronically coupled to actuator motor 2214 to reach or sense parameters associated with the motor (e.g., number of rotations, angular position of the motor output, motor voltage, motor current, etc. ) in real time and may be configured to output encoder values associated with the total rotation of the lead the screw, which the ECU can use to estimate or calculate the axial position of the actuator arm 2213 along the lead screw 221.
[0085] The ECU 250 in accordance with various embodiments may be configured to receive the encoder values of the encoder 2219 and control the speed, torque, and direction of rotation of the actuator motor. The ECU 250 may include a programmable device such as a microcontroller, microprocessor, or alike, configured to control the operation of the actuator motor 2214 and / or the driller 230. The ECU 250 may integrally include one or more switching circuits, e.g., inverter bridge circuits, along a power supply line from the battery to regulate a supply of electric power from the battery to the actuator motor 2214 and / or the driller 230. In this manner, the ECU 250 may control a speed, power output, torque output, and rotational direction of the motor 2214 to control the movement of the driller 230 along the drive axis X during a drilling operation. Further, the ECU 250 may control when the driller 230 is turned ON and OFF for each drilling operation.
[0086] In various embodiments, a position sensor 2216 may sense the axial location of the actuator arm 2213 and transmit a signal indicative of the axial position to the ECU 250. The signals from the position sensor 2216 and the encoder 2219 may be used by the ECU to calibrate and calculate the position of the upper slider 223. In some embodiments, multiple position sensors 2216 are arranged at various locations along the drive axis X between an uppermost position of the actuator arm 2213 and a lowermost position of the actuator arm 2213. In an embodiment, a home position (i.e., a default position at rest) of the actuator arm 2213 may be at the uppermost position or at a short distance below it. The actuator arm 2213 may be retained in the home position by friction force on the lead screw.
[0087] In some embodiments, where there is no power, the encoder 2219 may not be able to obtain receive signals from the position sensors 2216 and / or the actuator motor 2214 to obtain the encoder values. Therefore, the ECU may calibrate values of the encoder 2219, in accordance with various embodiments, periodically, e.g., at least once upon every restart, once each time the drill reaches the home position, etc. In an embodiment. When the position sensors 2216 and / or the encoder 2219 detect that the actuator arm 2213 has reached the home position, the ECU 250 may reset the encoder value to a value corresponding to a home (e.g. zero) position.
[0088] In various embodiments, in the event of a mechanical failure, power failure, or other conditions that may require manual movement of the driller 230, the lead screw 221 may be rotated manually by rotating the manual operation interface 2218. In an example, the manual operation interface 2218 includes a hexagonal geometry that can be rotated via a wrench. As shown in Fig. 2A, in an example, top plate 211 of the frame 210 includes an opening 218 through which the manual operation interface 2218 can be accessed and rotated.
[0089] In an embodiment, a dust cover 2220 (Fig. 3B) may at least partially envelop the lead screw 221to inhibit dust from entering the coupling module 2211 and the actuator motor 2214. The dust cover 2220 may include flexible bellows and may be coupled to the coupling module 2211 on one end and to a dust cover mount 2217 on another end. In an embodiment, a similar dust cover (not shown) may be disposed around the guide rail 222.
[0090] Although a specific example of a drill actuator assembly 220 is illustrated in this figure, any of a variety of lead screw actuators or other linear actuation mechanisms, including but not limited to a crankshaft mechanism, a cam mechanism, a a rack and pinion mechanism, etc., can be utilized to perform processes for moving the driller 230 along the drive axis X, similar to those described herein as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Further, various types of motors and encoders, including but not limited to linear electromotive drive systems, may be utilized to drive the driller 230 without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.
[0091] Due to the nature of drilling projects, intense vibrations can occur and affect the platform if they are not properly absorbed. In many embodiments, shock absorption is accomplished through two separate absorption mechanisms installed on the driller robot. Various embodiments utilize a shock absorption spring included in the upper slider 223 as the first shock absorption mechanism to absorb vibrations in the vertical direction between the driller 230 and the frame 210. The second level of the shock absorption mechanism may be omnidirectional and can be achieved by the shock-absorbing blocks in the shock absorption frame module between the frame 210 and the chassis 140 and / or the outer casing 130, as previously discussed. The latter is described herein in detail.
[0092] The upper slider 223 in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 4A-B. Upper slider 223 may include a guiding block 2231, a floating block 2232, a shock absorption spring 2233, one or more retention pillars 2235, and a position detection sensor 2234. In various embodiments, the guiding block 2231 may be coupled to the actuator arm 2213 of the drill actuator assembly 220 so as to travel in unison with the actuator arm 2213. The guiding block 2231 is further slidingly secured to the linear guide rail 222 (Fig. 2B) via a slider member 2236 including an axial groove 2237 that extends substantially parallel to the retention pillars 2235. The floating block 2232 may be connected to the rear end of the tool housing 233 of the driller 230. In an embodiment, this connection may be made via a plurality of screws (not shown) fastened into existing mounting holes of the tool housing 233. In other words, in an embodiment, the driller 230 may be provided as a standalone power tool and the mounting holes may be existing mounting holes formed in the standalone power tool.
[0093] The floating block 2232 may be coupled to the guiding block 2231 via the retention pillars 2235. In an example, retention pillars 2235 may include body portions extending freely through countersunk holes 2238 of the guiding block 2231, lower threaded ends fastened into corresponding threaded openings of the floating block 2232, and head portions that are larger in diameter than the countersunk holes 2238. The retention pillars 2235 maintain a gap between the guiding block 2231 and the floating block 2232 by axially constraining the downward movement of the floating block 2232 away from the guiding block 2231, but flexibility allow the floating block 2232 to move upwards in the direction of the guiding block 2231. Shock absorption spring 2233 is mounted into facing blind holes 2239 and 2240 of the guiding block 2231 and the floating block 2232 to apply a high biasing force to the floating block 2232 in the downward direction away from the guiding block 2231. The shock absorption spring 223 includes a high torsion force capable of absorbing shock and high vibration which transferring the force of the guiding block 2231 to the driller 230 for downward drilling operations.
[0094] Although a specific example of a shock absorption module is illustrated in this figure, any of a variety of shock absorption modules can be utilized to perform processes for absorbing vibrations due to drilling similar to those described herein as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Various types of floating and guiding blocks may be utilized to assist with shock absorption without deviating from the architecture of the shock absorption modules.
[0095] In various embodiments, the floating block 2232 may be moveable within an axial travel range relative to the guiding block 2231. According to various embodiments, the position detection sensor 2234 is configured to sense a relative position of the floating block 223 to the guiding block 2231. The position detection sensor 2234 may be an optical sensor (e.g., including an optical receiver mounted one of the floating block 2232 and the guiding block 2231 and an optical transmitter on the other) , a magnetic sensor (e.g., including a sense magnet mounted on one of the floating block 2232 and the guiding block 2231 and a Hall sensor mounted on the other) , or any other type of distance sensor.
[0096] By determining the amount of movement of the floating block 2232 relative to the guiding block 2231, the ECU 250 may estimate or determine an amount of force that is currently being exerted on the housing of the driller 230. In an embodiment, the ECU 250 may use this information to determine an initial contact of the drill bit 232 with the work surface, (e.g., when the position detection sensor 2234 senses that the floating block 223 has moved close to the guiding block 2231 during a downward movement of the driller 230 from its home position) .
[0097] According to various embodiments, the ECU 250 may additionally and / or alternatively rely on electrical data of the actuator motor 2214 to determine one or more force applied to the drill bit 232 may be calculated based on the sensed current drawn by the actuator motor 2214. In some embodiments, the ECU 250 may monitor the actuator motor drive current, e.g., at a frequency of 1,000 Hz. Generally, there is a mathematical relationship between the force applied to the drill bit 232 and the amount of current drawn by the actuator motor 2214. The magnitude of the force applied to the drill bit 232 may be calculated based on the curve of current changes. For example, the actuator motor current may be at a first current level during the downward movement of the driller 230. ECU 250 may determine initial contact of the drill bit 232 with the work surface when the actuator motor current exceeds a first current threshold that is greater that the first current level. In an example, the ECU 250 may continue to operate the actuator motor 2214 so the SDS mechanism of the driller 230 is fully engaged, at which point the actuator motor current exceeds a second current threshold that is greater the first current threshold. In an example, the ECU 250 may activate the driller 250 to start the drilling process during the drilling operation when the actuator motor current exceeds a third current threshold that is greater the second current threshold. During the drilling process, depending on the desired depth of the hole, the ECU 250 may continue to drive the actuator motor 2214 in a downward direction until the desired depth is reached.
[0098] According to various embodiments, the ECU 250 may additionally and / or alternatively rely on the encoder 2219 outputs to determine one or more of the driller 230. As discussed, the encoder 2219 may be configured to output a parameter associated with an axial position of the actuator arm 2213 (and thus the axial position of the driller 230) as a function of the number of rotations of the actuator motor 2214. The ECU 250 may be configured to determine a depth of a hole during a drilling process as a function of a difference between a first axial position d1, denoting the axial position of the driller 230 when the drilling operated is initiated, and a second axial position d2, denoting the present axial position of the driller 230. The ECU 250 may determine that the desired depth of the hole has been reached if d2 –d1 is equal to the desired depth of the hole.
[0099] According to various embodiments, once it is determined that the desired depth of the hole has been reached, the ECU 250 may reverse the direction of rotation of the actuator motor 2214 to move the drill bit 232 out of the hole. Simultaneously or shortly thereafter, the ECU 250 may deactivate the driller 230. In an embodiment, the ECU 250 deactivates the driller 230 when it determines that the driller 230 has past the first axial position d1 in the upward direction.
[0100] According to various embodiments, the ECU 250 may be configured to activate and deactivate the driller 230 by sending an ON / OFF signal to an internal control unit of the driller 230. In an example, the ON / OFF signal may resemble a signal typically received from a trigger assembly of comparable power tools to the control unit. Alternatively, the ECU 250 may turn ON or OFF a supply of electric power from the battery to the driller 230. In an example, this may be done by controlling a switch disposed along the current path between the battery and the driller 230.
[0101] In various embodiments, as discussed above, the ECU 250 may determine if the driller has encountered a hard object such as a metal rebar based on the motion of the floating 2232 relative to the guiding block 2231. In alternative and / or additional embodiments, the ECU 250 may rely on the actuator motor current and / or the encoder outputs to make this determination. For example, the ECU 250 may determine that the drill bit 232 has come into contact with a hard object if the actuator motor current significantly exceeds a current level that is normally associated with a normal concrete drilling process, and / or if the encoder values indicate that the driller 230 is unable to be moved downward at an expected velocity during the drilling process on a hole.
[0102] In several embodiments, the ECU 250 may check for the presence of rebar in concrete during the drilling process. A process 500 for rebar detection during drilling in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in Figs. 5A-B. According to various embodiments, after the start of a drilling process at step 502, a determination relating to detection of a hard object such as a rebar is made at step 504. If no rebar is detected, the drilling robot can proceed to complete the drilling task normally at step 506. However, if a rebar is detected, the drilling robot may pause work on the current location, move to the next drilling location, and notify the system at step 508. A user monitoring the progress of drilling may be prompted to decide whether to drill through the rebar at the detected location at steps 510-512. If the user decides to drill through the rebar, the task may be assigned to another drilling robot equipped with a rebar cutter at steps 514-516. Drilling robots with rebar cutters may detect hole depths after cutting through the rebar to determine whether additional drilling is required by a drilling robot equipped with a drill, at which point the user may decide again whether to continue drilling past the cut. Once a rebar is drilled through, a drilling robot with a concrete drill bit may be assigned to complete drilling to the required drilling depth at steps 518-520. In various embodiments, as shown in steps 522-528 of Fig. 5B, instead of assigning a drilling robot already equipped with a rebar cutter, an operator may swap the drill bit for a rebar cutter. Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments provide efficient handling of both rebar and concrete drilling tasks.
[0103] Drill bit, or other bit attachment such as (but not limited to) rebar cutters, installation can be a standardized replacement procedure. Since drill bits are an expendable part, several embodiments include manual inspections of their drill bits’ condition during replacement. Some embodiments include using the HMI to manage the vertical movement of driller, such that the replacement of drill bits can be done more efficiently.
[0104] In many embodiments, drill bit replacement includes the implementation of a dual verification system involving both human oversight and mechanical checks to offer an additional layer of security by further checking that the drill bits are correctly installed and / or ensuring that a correct drill bit is installed for a desired drilling process, as described here.
[0105] As previously discussed with reference to Fig. 2A, the drill bit identifier 251 may be mounted on an outer wall of the actuator motor assembly 226 proximate the drill bit to identify a type of the drill bit based on an identification tag provided on the drill bit and automatically identify the drill bit's parameter information. In some embodiments, the drill bit identifier 251 may be a RFID reader and the drill bit 232 may be equipped with a RFID tag embedded within a cavity of the drill bit or attached to an outer surface of the drill bit. In some embodiment, the drill bit identifier 251 may be a scanner configured to reach a bar code or a QR code printed on an outer surface of the drill bit 232. In some embodiments, the drill bit identifier 251 may include a camera configured to read a label on the drill bit 232, an optical sensor configured to sense a diameter of the drill bit 232, or another type of sensor.
[0106] In some embodiments, the various sizes or types of drill bits may be provided for different drilling applications, and the drill bit identification information may be associated with information related to the size, type, material composition, or manufacturer of the drill bit. For example, the drill bits may be designed for concrete drilling, rebar cutting drilling, or rebar and concrete drilling; and the accompanying identification tag can identify the type of drill bit. In some embodiments, the drill bit identifier 251 may be configured to automatically identify and / or track the type of the drill bit being installed and notify the ECU 250 during each installation as an additional layer of verification. The ECU 250 may then control the drilling operation according to identification information received from the drill bit identifier 2151. In some embodiments, the ECU 250 may be configured to require that any drill bit mounted to the driller 230 be equipped with an identification tag (e.g., RFID tag) for the drilling robot 100 to perform any drilling operation, and it may inhibit the operation of the drilling robot 100 if no identification tag is read by the drill bit identifier 251. In some embodiments, the ECU 250 may inhibit the operation of the drilling robot 100 if the identification information is indicative of the drill bit being made by an unauthorized manufacturer.
[0107] In addition, in some embodiments, the ECU 250 may upload the drill bit identification information to a robot fleet management system (FMS) for verification, hence reducing the need for manual measurements or consulting manuals, which further improves efficiency and accuracy. Drilling robots can be fitted with specialized bits for specific tasks. For example, in some embodiments, the ECU 250 may obtain information about specifications (e.g., diameter and depth) of the target drill holes from the FMS. The ECU 250 may inhibit the operation of the drilling robot 100, illuminate a warning light to the operator, provide a notification via a remote computing device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, or computer, not shown) in wired or wireless communication with the ECU, if the identification information indicates that the drill bit diameter does not match the specified diameter of the drill holes. In addition, the remote computing device may include a user interface or application that enables a user to monitor and / or control operational parameters of the drilling robot, such as hole location, drilling depth, and other controls.
[0108] Figs. 6A and 6B depict two frontal views of the drilling robot 100 including an access door 280 for access to the drilling module 110. Fig. 6A depicts the access door 280 in a closed position and Fig. 6B depicts the access door in an open position. The access door 280 is provided to allow access into the drilling module 110 by an operator, particularly for replacement of the drill bit 232. The access door 280 may include a magnetic sensor 281 that detects when the access door is open, and users may monitor the real-time drilling through observation window 282. The access door 280 is provided two locks 283. The human-machine interface (HMI) 270 in accordance with embodiments includes at least a red LED 271, a green LED 272, and a control panel 273. The control panel 273 in accordance with embodiments include at least one button used to manually move the driller 230 up and down along the drive axis.
[0109] A process 600 for drill bit and die core installation and replacement in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 6C. To replace the drill bit, an operator can first open the access door 280 of the drilling module 110, which his detected by the ECU 250 at step 602. In some embodiments, opening the access door 280 may cause the ECU 250 to enter a manual homing state in step 604. In this state, the ECU 250 may disconnect all power sources to components including the driller 230, vacuuming module 120, and the overall chassis, and retain only the power to the motor in the drill actuator assembly 220. The HMI 270 may remain active in this state. In some embodiments, any operations received at the software level are not executed in this state. The system can then enter a manual calibration state.
[0110] In some embodiments, the robot may be unaware of the type of drill bits or die cores (as discussed below) that may be installed, and a manual calibration process may be performed on the drilling module such that the drilling module is positioned appropriately for the type of drill bits or die cores that may be installed. In the manual calibration state, in step 606, the operator may use the control panel 270 to manually direct the drill to move vertically upwards and reset back to the upmost position, where the position sensor 2216 may detect the driller 230, at which point both the red and green LEDs will illuminate simultaneously, and the drilling robot 100 may transition to a replacement mode in step 608. In the replacement mode, the operator may use the control panel 270 to move the driller 230 into a proper position as determined by the operator to facilitate easy replacement of drill bits. The operator may unlock the drill chuck (i.e., output tool holder 231, by moving a SDS lock collar of the output tool holder up in the direction of the drill housing 233) , replace the drill bit 232, and then lock the drill chuck. The operator may also unlock and relock a drill clasp, as discussed later in detail. After each drill bit replacement, the ECU 250 may recalibrate by detecting the relationship between encoder 2219 output and the actual vertical position of the driller.
[0111] In step 610, the operator may close the access door 280, and the drill bit 232 may be retracted to the highest position in the drill and activated to test whether the installation was done properly. When the access door 280 is closed, it may indicate that the drill bit 280 and die core have been installed or replaced. Magnetic sensors can detect the closing signal of the door and automatically initiate this step. In step 612, the drill bit identifier 251 may identify the drill bit information. If the ECU 250 verifies that the correct drill bit was installed, the drill bit will be automatically moved to the corresponding starting position according to the type of drill bit that was installed, and ECU 250 may enter an idle state. If the ECU 250 fails to verify the drill bit or confirms that an incorrect drill bit was installed, the ECU 250 may enter an error state. In many embodiments, status changes like the ones mentioned above may be uploaded and reflected in the FMS for better task assignment and coordination in step 614. The ECU 250 in accordance with many embodiments may set the starting position of the driller 230 based on the type of drill bit installed. Drilling modules 110 in accordance with a variety of embodiments may determine the starting positions for different types of drill bits using a database associated with the ECU 250. The drill bit replacement procedure is completed in step 616.
[0112] According to various embodiments, to replace the drill bit 232 without dismounting the driller 230 from the drilling module 110, a bit replacement clamp may be utilized, as described here with reference to Figs. 6D-6G.
[0113] Fig. 6D depicts a perspective view of a bit replacement clamp 650, according to various embodiments. The bit replacement clamp 650 may include a drill engagement portion 652 configured to be mounted around the drill housing 233, a tool holder engagement portion 654 configured to be mounted around the tool holder 231, and an actuator handle 656. The drill engagement portion 652 may include a substantially semi-annular body with two cam surfaces 658 formed at opposite ends of the semi-annular body. The tool holder engagement portion 654 may include a substantially U-shaped or semi-annular outer body, and an inner body configured to wrap around a front side of the tool holder 231. In particular, the inner body of the tool holder engagement portion 654 may include a sloped surface 660 leading into a U-shaped opening 662 that engages a lower end of the tool holder 231. The actuator handle 656 may include angled portions 664 forming cam followers for engagement with the cam surfaces 658. The drill engagement portion 652 may be pivotably coupled to the actuator handle 656 proximate the angled portions 664. The tool holder engagement portion 654 may be coupled to ends of the actuator handle 656 via a dual-pivot link member 666.
[0114] Fig. 6E depicts the bit replacement clamp 650 as being mounted on the driller 230, according to various embodiments. Fig. 6F depicts the bit replacement clamp 650 in a mounted position on the driller 230. Fig. 6G depicts the bit replacement clamp 650 in an actuated position to lift the bit holder 231 and release the drill bit 232. In some embodiments, the driller 230 may be provided with a collar 670 securely mounted around a lower portion of the drill housing 233 proximate the output tool holder 231. The drill engagement portion 652 may be mounted above the collar 670 so its downward movement is constrained by the collar 670. The tool holder engagement portion 654 may be mounted around the tool holder 231 with the U-shaped opening 662 located around the drill bit 232 and engaging the lower end of the tool holder 231. Once fully mounted, the actuator handle 656 may be pivotably pulled down, which forces upward movement of the dual-pivot link member 666 around the cam surface 658, and pulls the tool holder engagement portion 654 in the direction of the drill engagement portion 652. The output tool holder 231 is thus moved up towards the drill housing 233 and the drill bit 232 is released.
[0115] Several embodiments utilize a drilling guide jig to help keep drill bits on the desired path of movement. During the drilling process, vibrations can cause deviations in the movement of the drill bit, which, in turn, may affect the accuracy of the positions of the drilled holes. The drilling guide jig in accordance with an embodiment is accordingly provided to guide the drill bit 232 along the movement axis of the drill and properly align it with the target location of a drill hole.
[0116] Figs. 7A and 7B depict perspective views of the drilling guide jig 240 according to embodiments of the invention. In various embodiments, the drilling guide jig 240 may include a die jig 242 comprising two die jig halves pivotably coupled to one another between an open position (Fig. 7A) and a closed position (Fig. 7B) . The two die jig halves may be lockable together via a latch mechanism, which may include a clasp 244 on one die jig half and a latch 2441 on the other. The die jig 242 includes a center opening forming a supporting pocket that removably receives a die core 243. The die core 243 comprises two die core halves mounted individually into the supporting pockets of the respective die jig halves. The die core 243 includes a center hole 2431 that is sized to receive the drill bit 232 and properly guide it along the movement axis to drill hole. The center hole 2341 may include a slightly larger diameter than the drill bit 232, allowing the drill bit 232 to move though the center hole 2341 along the travel axis during a drilling execution. In some embodiments, different die cores 243 may be provided for different size drill bits 232, and the operator ensures that the a properly sized die core 243 is mounted into the die jig 242.
[0117] According to embodiments, the die jig 242 is coupled to a slider 241 extending in a substantially upright direction. The slider 241 may be slidably coupled to a guide rail 2411, which is fixed to the chassis 140 or another part of the drilling robot 100 via a support mount 2412. The slider 241 facilitates upward and downward movement of the die jig 242 with the driller.
[0118] Additionally, in some embodiments, a dust collector unit 245 may be coupled to the die jig 242. The dust collector unit 245 may include a dust collector port 2452 having a substantially U-shaped or semi-annular body mounted below the die jig 242 and forming a dust inlet opening 2453 around at least a portion of the drill bit. The dust collection unit 245 may further include a hose port 2451 in fluid communication with the dust collection port 2452 through an air conduit 2454. As discussed later, the vacuum module 120 is coupled with the hose port 2451 via a vacuum hose (not shown) and suctions air through the dust collection port 2452 to substantially collect concrete dust and other debris during the drilling operations. In some embodiments, the vacuum module 120 may start and stop a vacuuming operation substantially simultaneously with the drilling process of the driller 230.
[0119] During the drilling operations, the slider 241 and the die jig 242 move downward with the driller 230 until the die jig 242 reaches a predetermined distance of the working surface. In some embodiments, the guide rail 2411 may be configured to stop the downward movement of the slider 241 once it reaches the predetermined distance. In some embodiments, the dust collector port 2452 may come into contact with the working surface. The drill bit 232 is able to move through the center hole 2341 during drilling operations after the die jig 242 reaches the predetermined distance.
[0120] In various embodiments, the guide jig 240 is configured to ensure that the drill remains aligned (e.g., perpendicular) to the work surface during movement. The guide jig 240 is arranged to firmly hold the drill bit even while it is rotating and restrict the drill bit from deviating in any other direction, ensuring it remains perpendicular to the working surface.
[0121] According to some embodiments, the drilling robot 100 may include one or more Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to sense whether the drill bit is perpendicularly orientated relative to the working surface or other parameters related to movement of the driller and drill bit. The IMUs in accordance with many embodiments may include one or more of accelerometers, inclinometers, and / or gyroscopes configured to provide output signal related to one or more of an acceleration, slope angle, and / or angular velocity of an object that it is coupled to. In various embodiments, the IMUs may be coupled to the chassis 140 or the frame 210 of the drilling module 110 to measure an angle between an orientation plane of the drilling robot 100 and a horizontal plane. In various embodiments, the IMUs may be additionally and / or alternatively coupled to the driller 230 and / or the drilling guide jig 240 to measure an angle between the drill bit 232 and a vertical axis.
[0122] Although a specific example of a drilling guide jig is illustrated in this figure, any of a variety of drilling guide jigs can be utilized to perform processes for stabilization during downward drilling similar to those described herein as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
[0123] A process flowchart of ECU control in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 8. In several embodiments, the ECU 250 may be configured to read the values from the encoder 2219 and control the speed and direction of the actuator motor by regulating the magnitude and direction of the motor current associated with the actuator motor 2214. The ECU 250 in accordance with various embodiments may provide precise movement of the driller 230 along the movement axis by any specified distance. Once the user sets a target depth, drilling robots can initiate drilling upon contact with the ground and accurately move the drill vertically by the exact distance corresponding to the set depth. The actuator motor 2214 can rotate and drive lead the screw actuator at a rate where the encoder value and the rotation degree of the lead screw have a proportional relationship. Therefore, the ECU 250 can precisely control the rotational position of the motor through a PID (Proportional-integral-derivative) control. PID control is a widely used control algorithm in industrial applications, especially for linear actuator position control, and to make the actual position of the actuator precisely follow the desired position setpoint.
[0124] A process for downward drilling in accordance with an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 9. Process 900 detects (910) installation of a drill bit to the robot based on an assigned task. In several embodiments, appropriate drill bits are replaced and installed according to the required depth and diameter of the hole to be drilled. In many embodiments, drill bits are switched based on new tasks. Drilling robots in accordance with many embodiments transmit (920) information associated with the robot to an FMS. Information associated with the robot may include an identifier of a particular robot with a drill bit installed, as well as an acknowledgment that the drill bit has been properly installed. Transmission of this information provides for the registration of the robot at the FMS such that the system is aware of which robot is at a particular location.
[0125] Drilling robots in accordance with various embodiments receive (930) information associated with a task from the FMS. Information associated with a task can include, but is not limited to, the type of holes to be drilled, the dimensions of the holes to be drilled, as well as a submap that indicates the locations of the holes to be drilled. Drilling robots in accordance with many embodiments perform (940) the assigned task based on the received information and can verify (950) completion of the task with the FMS. In several embodiments direct drilling robots to proceed to subsequent locations for drilling if there are additional tasks scheduled.
[0126] While specific processes for downward drilling are described above, any of a variety of processes can be utilized to perform downward drilling as appropriate to the requirements of specific applications. In certain embodiments, steps may be executed or performed in any order or sequence not limited to the order and sequence shown and described. In a number of embodiments, some of the above steps may be executed or performed substantially simultaneously where appropriate or in parallel to reduce latency and processing times. In some embodiments, one or more of the above steps may be omitted.
[0127] A drilling robot coordination process in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 10. By way of example, for a given job there may be three drilling robots, and three types of holes to be drilled with roughly the same quantity for each type. In this case, there is no need to change the drill bits, and each of the three drilling robots can complete the drilling of the three types of holes respectively. However, where for example there are five types of holes to be drilled, after one type of hole has been completely drilled, robots may undergo the drill replacement procedure as discussed above.
[0128] A side view of a drilling robot in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 11. Drilling robots may further include an inspection camera 290. In many embodiments, the inspection camera 290 may be provided with a controller and / or other intelligence to analyze data in real time and provide feedback. Alternatively, the inspection camera 290 may provide real time images to the ECU 250, and the ECU 250 may be configured to analyze the images. According to embodiments, the inspection camera 290 may be configured to capture real time images or video of the drill bit 232, the hole drilled by the drill bit 232, or the interior space of the drilling module 100. Using the images, the inspection camera 290 and / o the ECU 250 may monitor the condition of the installed drill bit 232 and detect an improper installation of the drill bit 232 if it the drill bit 232 does not align with a preset location, the quality and diameter of drilled holes whether the holes are drilled to the desired specification, and whether the dust from drilling has been removed by the vacuum. As illustrated in Fig. 11, the inspection camera is installed at position 290 at a lower portion of the chassis 140 in alignment with the wheel 142, with a view that can see both the drill bit and the hole.
[0129] Systems and methods in accordance with many embodiments detect drill bit wear utilizing image recognition algorithms. In various embodiments, inspection cameras capture images of drill bits that are currently installed. Image recognition algorithms in accordance with several embodiments preprocess the captured images to enhance clarity. In numerous embodiments, image recognition algorithms such as (but not limited to) convolutional neural networks, apply edge detection to the preprocessed images to identify contour changes to the drill bits and measure specific features of the drill bits such as cutting edge diameters of the drill bits. Measured features may be compared to reference data to determine deviations from expected dimensions. In many embodiments, drilling robots leverage the combination of inspection cameras and image recognition algorithms to determine the level of wear of the drill bits, and generate reports indicating whether the drill bits need to be replaced to enhance operational efficiency and equipment reliability.
[0130] Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments provide predictive models that estimate the wear rate of drill bits using the historical data of drill bits and drilling tasks. In several embodiments, images captured by inspection cameras are further analyzed in conjunction with operational parameters such as drilling duration and material hardness. Through continuous learning, systems and methods in accordance with many embodiments anticipate wear patterns and predict the optimal time for drill bit replacement before significant performance degradation occurs. Prediction models can enhance operational efficiency and reduce downtime and maintenance costs to provide consistent high-quality outcomes.
[0131] After each drilling operation, inspection cameras in accordance with various embodiments capture images of the newly drilled holes. Captured images can be analyzed by image recognition algorithms to check for significant cracks or substantial surface irregularities such that the holes are structurally safe for use. Systems and methods in accordance with several embodiments evaluate whether dust has been adequately removed to confirm that there are no significant debris still remaining at the drilled holes. Upon completion of drilling and vacuuming, systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments upload the images of the drilling site to the user interface to inform the user of the status of the drilled holes. Drilling robots can automatically inspect the quality of the drilled holes and reduce the need for manual checks to increase overall operational efficiency.
[0132] Drilling robots may produce a considerable amount of dust and debris during operation. Systems and methods in accordance with many embodiments include a vacuum module to remove the dust and debris produced during drilling such that drilling accuracy can be maintained while also keeping a clean environment. As shown in Figs. 1 and 12, a vacuum module 120 in accordance with many embodiments is assembled in an easy-to-use box-shaped structure. In an embodiment, the vacuum module 120 includes a vacuum housing 124 that houses a vacuum motor (not shown) , a vacuum fan or impeller (not shown) driven by the vacuum motor, circuitry to drive the vacuum motor, an inlet 126 configured to receive ingress of dust and debris, a vacuum hose 128 that passes internally within the outer casing 130 of the drilling robot 100 and connects the inlet 126 to the vacuum hose port 2451 on the drilling guide jig 240, and a dust collection container or chamber (not shown) that collects dust received through the inlet. In an embodiment, the vacuum module 120 may be a DCV585B Dust Extractor, sold by DeWalt Industrial Tool Co. of Towson, Maryland. The vacuum module is configured to collect dust and debris that is generated by the drill bit where it is drilling into a work surface. In some embodiments, the ECU 250 may control and coordinate power delivery to the driller 230and the vacuum module 120 so that they are activated at substantially the same time. In other embodiments, the driller 230 and the vacuum module 120 may be equipped with a wireless communication system that causes the vacuum module 120 to be activated when the 230 is activated. For example, the driller 120 may be equipped with a radiofrequency (RF) or other wireless transmitter that broadcasts a signal commanding the vacuum module 120 to turn ON and OFF, and the vacuum module 120 may be equipped with a RF or other wireless receiver that receives the signal and activates the vacuum motor accordingly.
[0133] Additionally, the dust collector unit 245 may be integrated into the drilling guide jig 240 such that the dust collector unit 245 can move up and down in conjunction with the drill bit during drilling. The dust collector unit 245 can cover the drilled holes precisely during operation to capture dust and debris as they are produced. By closely following the motion of the drill bit, the dust collector unit 245 provide thorough suction from the source, maintaining a clean working environment and preventing any potential inaccuracies or malfunctions caused by the accumulation of dust and debris.
[0134] A bottom-up view of an installed vacuum module in accordance with an embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 12. Vacuum module 120 can be seamlessly integrated into the drilling robot. In some embodiments, the vacuum module 120 may include a base portion 121 that is mounted on the second mounting platform 136 of the drilling robot 100 and securely fastened using mounting clips 122, which provide a stable base for the vacuum module while allowing for easy maintenance and cleaning. In certain embodiments, as shown in Fig. 1, the vacuum module 120 is coupled to the robot housing 140 so that a top surface of the vacuum module is lower than the first mounting platform 134 of the navigation beacon 150 so as to not interfere with the line of sight of the navigation beacon 150. This arrangement allows the navigation beacon 150 to have at least 180 degrees of unobstructed visibility. Furthermore, as the navigation beacon 150 is mounted on the first mounting platform 134 below a plane of the top plate 211 of the drilling module 110, it does not add to the overall height of the drilling robot 100.
[0135] The actuator motor 2214, the driller 230, and vacuum module 120 may be powered by a single battery and / or power supply that also powers the robot 100 or may be powered by one or more separate batteries or power supplies. Referring to Fig. 11, according to embodiments of the invention, the drill robot 100 may include a battery compartment 292 near a bottom surface of the chassis 140 for receiving and support the battery. A battery access door 144 may be provided in the outer casing 130 for removing, replacing, and / or charging the battery. The battery compartment 292 may include a connector (not shown) for making an electrical connection with the battery. The battery may be, e.g., a 2-kWh removable battery pack with a weight that is in the range of approximately 20 lbs to 50 lbs. The battery compartment 292 may be situated in close proximity with the guide jig 240 so the weight of the battery is effectively transferred vias the chassis 140 to the driller 230 during the drilling process of the driller 230.
[0136] Fig. 13 depicts an example flow diagram for a process 400 executed by the ECU 250 to control the drilling operations of the drilling robot 100, according to various embodiments of the invention. According to embodiments, beginning with step 402, when the drilling robot 100 reaches the target position for a task at stop 404, the ECU 250 cause energization of the actuator motor, causing downward movement of the driller 230 and the drilling guide jig 240 at step 406 until the drill bit 232 makes contact with the work surface at step 408. In step 408, in some embodiments the ECU 250 may monitor the encoder 2219 and, when it senses that the current drawn by the actuator motor 2214 exceeds a current threshold, it may determine that the drill bit is in full engagement with the work surface. Upon making this determination, the ECU 250 may cause energization of the driller 230 to begin drilling a hole in the work surface and the vacuum module 120 to cause dust to be collected while drilling. In several embodiments, the ECU 250 may activate the vacuum module 120 before powering driller 230 allow for startup of the vacuum before drilling begins. In other embodiments, the vacuum module 120 and the driller 230 may be started substantially simultaneously or the driller 230 may be started first. While the driller 230 is causing the drill bit to form a hole in the work surface, the ECU 250 may continue to control the actuator motor 2214 to move the driller 230 downward until a desired hole depth is reached in steps 412 and 414; although in some embodiments, actuator motor 2214 may hold the driller at a fixed axial location for a period of time as the drilling operation is performed. The ECU 250 may determine that the drilling is performed to the desired depth based on input from the encoder 2219, where a number of rotations of the actuator motor 2214 during the activation period of the driller 230 translated to a drilling distance of the driller 230 and thus the depth of the hole. Alternatively, and / or additionally, the ECU 250 may determine the diameter of the hole via input from the inspection camera 290. Once drilling to a desired depth is complete, the ECU 250 can control the actuator motor 2214 in an opposite direction to return the driller 230 to its home position at step 416. During the ascent, the ECU may continuously monitor the driller's vertical position. When the ECU 250 detects that the drill bit has exited the hole, the ECU may simultaneously deactivate both the vacuum module 120 and the driller 230 to stop the drill bit’s rotation, and halt the vacuum module's dust collection, providing for a seamless coordination and an efficient operation between the driller 230 and the vacuum module 120. When the ECU 250 detects that the driller 230 is at the home position, which may be based on input from the encoder 2219 and / or the position sensors 2216, at step 418.
[0137]
[0138] Although specific methods of downward drilling are discussed above, many different methods can be implemented in accordance with many different embodiments of the invention. It is therefore to be understood that the present invention may be practiced in ways other than specifically described, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Thus, embodiments of the present invention should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined not by the embodiments illustrated, but by the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0139] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a, " "an, " and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises, " "comprising, " "including, " and "having, " are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
[0140] When an element or layer is referred to as being "on, " "engaged to, " "connected to, " or "coupled to" another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other element or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on, " "directly engaged to, " "directly connected to, " or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., "between" versus "directly between, " "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent, " etc. ) . As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0141] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first, " "second, " and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
[0142] Terms of degree such as "generally, " "substantially, " "approximately, " and "about" may be used herein when describing the relative positions, sizes, dimensions, or values of various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections. These terms mean that such relative positions, sizes, dimensions, or values are within the defined range or comparison (e.g., equal or close to equal) with sufficient precision as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in the context of the various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections being described.
[0143] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1.A drilling robot comprising:an outer casing;a chassis coupled to the outer casing;a set of one or more motors placed in the chassis configured to drive the robot;a drilling module; anda programmable control unit comprising a set of one or more processors and a memory containing a drilling application, wherein execution of the drilling application configures the set of processors to control the drilling robot to:transmit information associated with the drilling robot to a robot management system;receive information associated with a drilling task;perform the drilling task; andverify completion of the drilling task.2.The drilling robot of claim 1, wherein the drilling module comprises a drill housing, a drill motor, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the drill motor, a drill chuck, and a drill bit configured to be locked within the drill chuck.3.The drilling robot of claim 2, wherein the drill transmission transmits a rotational motion to the drill chuck.4.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-3, wherein the drilling module comprises a linear guide rail coupled to the outer casing, wherein the linear guide rail comprises a first slider mounted to the linear guide rail configured to facilitate movements of the drilling module.5.The drilling robot of claim 4, wherein the drilling module may include a second slider mounted to the linear guide rail.6.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-5, wherein the drilling module may include at least one shock absorption module that dampens movements of the drill module.7.The drilling robot of claim 6, wherein the at least one shock absorption module comprises a floating block, a guiding block, and at least one spring.8.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-7, wherein the drilling robot may include a lead screw actuator configured to move the drilling module along a movement axis of the drilling module.9.The drilling robot of claim 8, wherein the lead screw actuator comprises a motor with an encoder, a lead screw, a coupling module, and a calibration sensor.10.The drilling robot of claim 9, wherein the motor with the encoder applies a rotational movement to the trapezoidal lead screw causing the lead screw to apply a vertical movement to the drilling module.11.The drilling robot of claim 10, wherein the encoder is configured to measure the rotational movement applied to the lead screw, and the programmable control unit is further configured by the application to monitor the vertical movement to the drilling module based upon the measured rotational movement.12.The drilling robot of claim 9, wherein the calibration sensor determines if the drilling module is in a position for drill bit replacement.13.The drilling robot of claim 9, further comprising a dust cover to prevent dust from entering the lead screw actuator during drilling.14.The drilling robot of one of claims 8-13, wherein the lead screw actuator is coupled to a slider.15.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-14, further comprising a drilling guide jig that includes an opening to guide a path of a drill bit.16.The drilling robot of claim 15, wherein the drilling guide jig comprises a die jig supporting a die core, where in the die core provides the opening to guide the path of the drill bit.17.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-16, further comprising a vacuuming module coupled to the outer casing and configured to vacuum debris caused by the drilling module during drilling.18.The drilling robot of claim 17, wherein the vacuuming module comprises a dust collector head, a vacuum hose port, and a dust inlet.19.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-18, further comprising a sensor configured to detect an ID tag associated with a drill bit to determine if the drill bit is correct for the received task.20.The drilling robot of one of claims 1-19, further comprising an inspection camera mounted near the drilling module to monitor a status of drilling.21.A drilling robot comprising:a chassis;an outer casing coupled to the chassis;a plurality of wheels supported by the chassis;at least one drive motor received at least partially in the outer casing and configured to rotatably drive the plurality of wheels on a work surface;an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along the work surface; anda drilling module coupled to the outer casing that supports a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface.22.The drilling robot of claim 21, wherein the movement axis is substantially perpendicular to the work surface.23.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-22, wherein the drill comprises a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and an output tool holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support the drill bit.24.The drilling robot of claim 23, wherein the transmission is configured to transmit at least one of rotational motion or axial motion to the output tool holder.25.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-24, wherein the drilling module comprises a frame, a guide rail fixedly coupled to the frame, a first slider movably mounted to the guide rail and configured to support a linear movement of the drill along the movement axis.26.The drilling robot of claim 25, wherein the drilling module includes a second slider movably mounted to the guide rail.27.The drilling robot of claim 26, wherein the drilling module includes a shock absorption module configured to dampen movement of the drill along the movement axis.28.The drilling robot of claim 27, wherein the shock absorption module comprises a floating block coupled to a rear end of the drill, a guiding block coupled to the slider, at least one spring that biases the floating block away from the guiding block along the movement axis.29.The drilling robot of claim 28, wherein the shock absorption module may include at least one retention pillar that constrains a travel distance of the floating block away from guiding block.30.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-29, further comprising an electronic control unit configured to control movement of the drill along the movement axis.31.The drilling robot of claim 30, wherein the electronic control unit is coupled to a position detection sensor configured to including a first element mounted to the guiding block and a second element mounted to the floating block and configured sense a position of the floating block relative to the guiding block.32.The drilling robot of claim 31, wherein the electronic control unit is configured to control actuation of the drill when the drill bit makes contact with the working surface.33.The drilling robot of claim 31, further comprising a sensor or a camera positioned proximate the drill bit to sense a depth of a hole drilled by the drill bit, wherein the electronic control unit is configured to analyze data received from the sensor the camera to determine a depth of the hole.34.The drilling robot of claim 26, further comprising an actuator arm in engagement with the second slider configured to move the second slider along the driller along the movement axis, and an actuator motor.35.The drilling robot of claim 34, further comprising a lead screw that is rotatable by the actuator motor to cause a linear movement of the actuator arm along the movement axis.36.The drilling robot of claim 35, further comprising an encoder associated with the actuator motor, and a controller that controls a supply of power to the actuator motor in a closed-loop speed control based on feedback from the encoder to maintain a substantially steady movement of the driller during a drilling operation.37.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-36, further comprising a drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis.38.The drilling robot of claim 37, wherein the drilling guide jig comprises a die jig supporting a die core, wherein the die core comprises the opening.39.The drilling robot of claim 38, wherein the die core is associated with the drilling bit and is replaceable.40.The drilling robot of claim 38, wherein the die jig comprises a first piece and a second piece pivotably mounted to the first piece between an open position and a closed position via a pivot member extending substantially parallel to the movement axis, and latch mechanism that secures the second piece to the first piece in the closed position.41.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-40, further comprising an access door coupled to the outer casing to allow access to the drill, wherein the second piece swings into the open position in the direction of the access door.42.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-41, further comprising a dust collector head mounted below a bit alignment structure and adjacent a location where a drill bit coupled to the drill engages the surface, the dust collector head including a substantially U-shaped body defining an inlet that at least partially surrounds the drill bit.43.The drilling robot of claim 42, further comprising a vacuum coupled to the outer casing in fluid communication with the dust collector head.44.The drilling robot of claim 43, wherein the vacuum includes a vacuum motor configured to provide suction to the dust collector head.45.The drilling robot of claim 44, wherein the vacuum motor is configured to be automatically turned on when the drill is turned on and configured to be automatically turned off when the drill is turned off.46.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-45, further comprising a sensor configured to sense an ID tag associated with a drill bit and output a signal, and a controller that controls an operation of the robot according to the ID tag.47.The drilling robot of claim 46, wherein the controller is configured to prevent a drilling operation if the ID tag is not compatible with a target drilling location.48.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-47, further comprising a battery configured to power the robot motor.49.The drilling robot of claim 48, wherein the robot comprises a battery compartment including a terminal block and the battery is a removeable battery pack mounted in the battery receptacle.50.The drilling robot of one of claims 21-49, further comprising a plurality of shock absorption modules located between the drilling module and at least one of the outer casing or the chassis, the plurality of shock absorption modules comprising a first shock absorption module arranged to absorb shock along a first direction and a second shock absorption module arranged to absorb shock along a second direction different from the first direction.51.A drilling robot comprising:a chassis and an outer casing;an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along a work surface;a drilling module configured to drive a drill bit into the work surface to drill holes at a plurality of preset locations; anda drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis.52.The drilling robot of claim 51, wherein the drilling guide jig comprises a die jig supporting a die core, wherein the die core comprises the opening.53.The drilling robot of claim 52, wherein the die core is removably received within the die jib and includes a unique identifier associated with the drilling bit.54.The drilling robot of claim 52, wherein the die jig comprises a first piece and a second piece pivotably mounted to the first piece between an open position and a closed position via a pivot member extending substantially parallel to the movement axis, and latch mechanism that secures the second piece to the first piece in the closed position.55.The drilling robot of one of claims 51-54, further comprising an access door coupled to the outer casing to allow access to the drill, wherein the second piece swings into the open position in the direction of the access door.56.A drilling robot comprising:a chassis supporting a plurality of wheels;an outer casing coupled to the chassis and defining a mounting cavity on a first side of the chassis, a first mounting platform proximate the mounting cavity, and a second mounting platform lower than the first mounting platform on a second side of the chassis opposite the first side;an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along a work surface;a drilling module mounted within the mounting cavity and configured to drive a drill bit into the work surface to drill holes at a plurality of preset locations;a navigation beacon mounted on the first mounting platform, wherein a top surface of the drilling module is orientated along a first plane that is above a line of sight of the navigation beacon; anda vacuuming module mounted on the second mounting platform and in fluid communication with the drilling module, wherein a top surface of the vacuuming module is oriented along a second plane that is below the light of sight of the navigation beacon.57.The drilling robot of claim 56, wherein the drilling module comprises a dust collector head disposed proximate the drill bit, and vacuuming module includes a vacuum motor configured to provide suction to the dust collector head via a hose that extends through the outer casing.58.The drilling robot of claim 57, wherein the vacuum motor is configured to be automatically turned on when the drill is turned on and configured to be automatically turned off when the drill is turned off.59.The drilling robot of one of claims 56-58, further comprising a battery access door disposed on a lateral side of the outer casing and configured to receive a removable battery pack therein, the battery pack being configured to selectively power the vacuuming module and the drilling module.60.The drilling robot of claim 59, wherein the drill module supports a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the work surface, the drill rotatably driving the drill bit into the work surface, further comprising a drilling guide jig proximate the drill bit and including an opening through which the drill bit extends when the drill bit is aligned along the movement axis, wherein the dust collector is coupled to the drilling guide jig.61.A drilling apparatus comprising:a frame;a drill located within the frame for movement along a movement axis transverse to a work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface;a guide rail fixedly coupled to the frame;a first slider movably mounted to the guide rail and configured to support a linear movement of the drill along the movement axis;a second slider movably mounted to the guide rail; anda shock absorption module configured to dampen movement of the drill along the movement axis, wherein the shock absorption module comprises a floating block coupled to a rear end of the drill, a guiding block coupled to the slider, at least one spring that biases the floating block away from the guiding block along the movement axis.62.The drilling apparatus of claim 61, wherein the shock absorption module may include at least one retention pillar that constrains a travel distance of the floating block away from guiding block.63.The drilling apparatus of one of claims 61-62, wherein the first slider comprises a slider member including an axial groove that engages the guide rail.64.The drilling apparatus of one of claims 61-63, further comprising a position detection sensor configured to output a signal associated with a position of the floating block relative to the guiding block.65.The drilling apparatus of claim 64, further comprising a control unit configured to receive the signal from the position detection sensor and determine an amount of force exerted on the drill bit as a function of an amount of movement of the floating block relative to the guiding block.66.The drilling apparatus of claim 64, wherein the control unit is configured to detect a type of material contacted by the drill based on the amount of force exerted on the drill bit.67.A drilling apparatus comprising:a frame;a drill located within the frame for movement along a movement axis transverse to a work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface, the drill comprises a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and an output tool holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support the drill bit; anda drill bit identifier mounted within the frame proximate the drill bit and configured to identify a type of the drill bit.68.The drilling apparatus of claim 67, wherein the drill bit is equipped with an identification tag and the drill bit identifier may include a sensor configured to sense the identification tag.69.The drilling apparatus of claim 68, wherein the identification tag is a RFID tag.70.The drilling apparatus of one of claims 67-69, comprising an actuator motor assembly configured to drive a lead screw that supports movement of the drill along the movement axis, wherein the drill bit identifier is mounted on a face of the actuator motor assembly.71.The drilling apparatus of one of claims 67-70, further comprising a control unit configured to receive a drill bit identification information from the drill bit identifier, determine a characteristic of the drill bit based on the drill bit identifier, and inhibit an operation of the drill if the characteristic of the drill does not match a prescribed drill bit characteristic associated with a target drilling location.72.A drilling apparatus comprising:a frame;a drill located within the frame for movement along a movement axis transverse to a work surface, the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface, the drill comprises a drill housing, a drill motor disposed within the drill housing, a drill transmission configured to be driven by the motor, and an output tool holder configured to be driven by the transmission and configured to removably support the drill bit; anda bit replacement clamp configured to engage the output tool holder to disengage the drill bit, the bit replacement clamp comprising a drill engagement portion configured to be mounted around the drill housing, a tool holder engagement portion configured to be mounted around the output tool holder, and an actuator handle that causes movement of the output tool holder towards the housing.73.The drilling apparatus of claim 72, wherein the drill engagement portion includes a substantially semi-annular body with two cam surfaces formed at opposite ends of the semi-annular body.74.The drilling apparatus of claim 73, wherein the tool holder engagement portion includes a substantially U-shaped or semi-annular outer body, and an inner body configured to wrap around a portion of the output tool holder.75.The drilling apparatus of claim 74, wherein the inner body of the tool holder engagement portion includes a sloped surface leading into a U-shaped opening that engages a lower end of the output tool holder.76.The drilling apparatus of one of claims 72-75, wherein the actuator handle includes angled portions forming cam followers for engagement with the cam surfaces.77.A method of operating a drilling robot comprising an autonomous control system configured to control movement of the drilling robot along the work surface, and a drilling module coupled to the outer casing that supports a drill for movement along a movement axis transverse to the work surface, wherein the drill rotatably driving a drill bit into the work surface, the method comprising:controlling a movement of the drilling robot to a location designated for a drilling operation;driving an actuator motor to move the drill from a home position in a downward direction along the movement axis;determining if the drill bit is in contact with or in close proximity to the work surface;activating the drill to start the drilling operation;determining if a desired drilling depth has been reached;continuing to drive the actuator motor until the desired drilling depth is reached; after the desired drilling depth is reached, driving the actuator motor in a reverse direction to move the driller in an upward direction along the movement axis;deactivating the drill to stop the drilling operation; andstopping the actuator motor when the drill reaches the home position.