Thermally conductive polyurethane adhesives with modified fillers
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/083936
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-24
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Figure PCTCN2025083936-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025083936-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025083936-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE POLYURETHANE ADHESIVES WITH MODIFIED FILLERSFIELD
[0001] Embodiments relate to polyurethane adhesives containing fillers modified by multi-valent silane treating agents and having high thermal conductivity and storage stability.BACKGROUND
[0002] The incorporation of inorganic fillers into polymer compositions is an emerging technical approach to develop new materials with desirable properties adapted to specific applications such as biomedical materials (e.g., dental restorative materials) , batteries, ceramics, composites, magnetics, electronics packaging, solid propellants and adhesives. In some cases, inorganic fillers are applied in a high-volume ratio (i.e., above 20 vol%) to reach threshold concentrations that impart certain functions on the material, such as thermal conductivity, electroconductivity, and magnetorheological behaviors. For example, highly filled polymer systems have become popular thermal interfacial materials (TIMs) for electrical vehicles and the photovoltaic industry.
[0003] However, the high filler content can significantly deteriorate the storage stability of the adhesives. Specifically, the viscosity of the constituent components tends to increase over time, even when various surface treatment agents are applied to incorporated fillers. This increase in viscosity can compromise the workability and performance of the adhesives, particularly for compositions containing high amounts of fillers.SUMMARY
[0004] In an aspect, embodiments disclosed herein are directed to polyurethane adhesive compositions that include an isocyanate-reactive component, including: one or more vegetable oil-based polyols; one or more polyether polyols; one or more hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers; an isocyanate component, including one or more isocyanate-terminated prepolymers; and a filler modified by a multi-valent silane treating agent, wherein the multi-valent silane is of the general formulae: R-NH-Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2 (I) ; or R-N- [Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2] 2 (II)
[0005] wherein R is an C6 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl group; Z is a structure derived from a first reaction of R-NH2 and one or more equivalents of an epoxy silane, and a second reaction with one or more equivalents of an isocyanate silane; and R’ is H, or C1 to C5 alkyl.
[0006] In another aspect, methods may include preparing a polyurethane adhesive composition, including: forming a curable mixture by combining an isocyanate-reactive component, an isocyanate component, and a filler modified by a multi-valent silane treating agent; the isocyanate-reactive component, including: one or more vegetable oil-based polyols; one or more polyether polyols; one or more hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers; the isocyanate component, including one or more isocyanate-terminated prepolymers; and wherein the filler modified by a multi-valent silane treating agent, is modified by a multi-valent silane is of the general formulae: R-NH-Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2 (I) ; or R-N- [Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2] 2 (II)
[0007] wherein R is an C6 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl group; Z is a structure derived from a first reaction of R-NH2 and one or more equivalents of an epoxy silane, and a second reaction with one or more equivalents of an isocyanate silane; and R’ is H, or C1 to C5 alkyl; and applying the curable mixture to a first substrate; contacting the first substrate with a second substrate; and allowing the curable mixture to cure and form an adhesion between the first and second substrates.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0008] Embodiments relate to polyurethane (PU) compositions and adhesives containing fillers having high thermal conductivity and modified by multi-valent silane (MVS) treatment agents. MVS treatment agents include two or more silane functionalities, which may increase the density and durability of filler surface modification. Fillers modified with MVS treatment agents stabilize or reduce viscosity increase in the PU components (e.g., the isocyanate component ) , particularly in highly filled polyurethane systems such as polyurethane adhesives. PU compositions incorporating MVS treatment agents may also maintain mechanical properties over time, such as adhesion and elongation at break.
[0009] As disclosed herein, the descriptor “thermally conductive” (which includes both cured and uncured compositions) means a composition having a thermal conductivity value as measured by ISO 22007-2 using hot disc or by ASTM D-5470 of greater than 0.5 W / m·K, 1.0 W / m·K, greater than 1.5 W / m·K, or greater than 2.0 W / m·K.
[0010] PU adhesive compositions disclosed herein generally include the product obtained from combining a two-component curable composition: an isocyanate-reactive component ( “A-side” ) and an isocyanate component ( “B-side” ) . During application, the isocyanate and isocyanate-reactive components (and optional third components) are mixed, initiating a curing reaction, and forming a polyurethane adhesive and / or article.
[0011] A. ) Isocyanate-reactive component
[0012] The isocyanate-reactive component (or A-side) may contain of one or more of vegetable oil polyols, polyether polyols, hydroxy-terminated prepolymers, MVS treatment agents, fillers, adhesion promoters, and additives.
[0013] PU adhesive compositions may include hydrophobic polyol compounds such as one or more vegetable oil polyols or multi-functional polyether polyols. As used herein, “vegetable oil polyol” refers to vegetable oil-based derivatives of polyols, and oligomers and / or polymers such as polyethers, polyesters, polyurethanes, and mixtures thereof. Vegetable oil polyols may have average hydroxyl group functionality of greater than 1.5, greater than 2.0, or in a range of 2 to 4. In some cases, the vegetable oil polyols include vegetable oil derivatives of a polyol having a hydroxyl number (OH#) according to ASTM D4274-21 in a range of 150 mg KOH / g to 400 mg KOH / g, or 200 mg KOH / g to 400 mg KOH / g. As an example, vegetable oil polyols may include castor oil-modified polyurethane polyol or castor oil-modified polyether polyols. Vegetable oil polyols may have a density according to ASTM D3574-17 Test A of less than 1 g / mL, or in a range of 0.2 g / mL to 1.0 g / mL, or 0.3 g / mL to 0.9 g / mL.
[0014] The polyols used in the isocyanate-reactive component include vegetable oil-based polyols, polyether polyols, and hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers. Vegetable oil-based polyols are derived from vegetable oils and have an average hydroxyl group functionality of greater than 1.5, preferably in the range of 2 to 4. Examples include castor oil-modified polyurethane polyol and castor oil-modified polyether polyols. The hydroxyl number (OH#) of these polyols ranges from 150 mg KOH / g to 400 mg KOH / g. Polyether polyols have a functionality of 3 or more and are prepared by polyaddition of alkylene oxides onto polyhydroxy functional starter compounds. The hydroxyl number (OH#) of these polyols ranges from 200 mg KOH / g to 700 mg KOH / g. Hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers are prepared by reacting polyisocyanates with a stoichiometric excess of polyols. The density of these prepolymers ranges from 0.5 g / mL to 1.9 g / mL.
[0015] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more vegetable oil-based polyols at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0.5 wt%to 70 wt%, 2 wt%to 60 wt%, or 10 wt%to 50 wt%.
[0016] PU adhesive compositions may include an isocyanate-reactive component containing one or more “multi-functional” polyether polyols having a functionality of 3 or more. Polyether polyols are prepared by polyaddition of alkylene oxides such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide onto polyhydroxy functional starter compounds in the presence of catalysts known in the art. Polyether polyols may be prepared from a starter compound and one or more alkylene oxides, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and / or butylene oxide. Starter compounds may include, but are not limited to, molecules having 1 to 8 hydroxyl groups per molecule, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, l, 4-butanediol, l, 6-hexanediol, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, bisphenol A, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, trimethylolpropane, di (trimethylolpropane) pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, sugars and sugar alcohols such as sucrose and sorbitol, and the like. Polyether polyols may be a blend of any of these polyether polyols together with one or more starter compounds, and the polyether polyols can also be one or more starter compounds themselves. Polyether polyols may also include polyols reacted with polyethers formed from copolymers of alkylene oxides, including block copolymers and polyethers “capped” with hydroxyethyl and / or hydroxypropyl oligomers or polymers.
[0017] Multi-functional polyether polyols may have a hydroxy functionality ranging from 3 to 8, or 3 to 7. Polyether polyols may have a hydroxyl number (OH#) according to ASTM D4274-21 in a range of 200 mg KOH / g to 700 mg KOH / g, or 200 mg KOH / g to 600 mg KOH / g.
[0018] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more polyether polyol at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0.5 wt%to 50 wt%, 2 wt%to 30 wt%, or 5 wt%to 20 wt%. Optionally, the formulation may include other polyols selected from polyester, polyether, polyether ester, polycarbonate, polyurethane polyol, or their combinations at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0 wt%to 95 wt%, 10 wt%to 70 wt%, or 20 wt%to 50 wt%.
[0019] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more hydroxyl-terminated isocyanate prepolymers. Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers may be any prepolymer (s) prepared by the reaction of one or more polyisocyanates containing two or more isocyanate groups with a stoichiometric excess of polyols selected from vegetable oil polyols and / or polyether polyols. By using the polyol materials in excess, the isocyanate prepolymer can be provided with hydroxyl functionality. In general, hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers can be prepared using the same starting materials as described above, the difference being in the relative ratios of components. Hydroxyl-terminated isocyanate prepolymers may have a density according to ASTM D3574-17 Test A of less than 2 g / mL, or in a range of 0.5 g / mL to 1.9 g / mL, or 0.7 g / mL to 1.9.
[0020] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more hydroxyl-terminated isocyanate prepolymers at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 1 wt%to 50 wt%, 2 wt%to 30 wt%, or 5 wt%to 20 wt%.
[0021] Isocyanate-reactive component may contain one or more chain extenders. Suitable chain extenders include polyols having a functionality of at least two, and may include 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexandiol, 1, 7-heptanediol, 1, 2-dodecanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 3-methyl-l, 5-pentanediol, 2, 4-diethyl-1, 5-pentanediol, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, bis (6-hydroxyhexyl) ether, and the like.
[0022] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more chain extenders at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0 wt%to 10 wt%, 1 wt%to 8 wt%, or 2 wt%to 5 wt%.
[0023] In addition to the above polyol components, isocyanate-reactive components may include a balance of additional polyol species (including those above) such as polyester polyols (e.g., castor oil multi-functional polyether polyol) , polyether polyols, polyether ester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyurethane polyols at a percent by weight (wt%) up to 99 wt%or less, or 95 wt%or less, such as in a range of 5 wt%to 95 wt%.
[0024] PU compositions may include one or more fillers modified with MVS treatment agents in the A-side and / or the B-side. Fillers may include one or more of metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal sulfates, natural and synthetic minerals mainly silicates, and aluminum silicates. Suitable fillers include aluminum trihydrate (ATH) , natural or synthetic aluminum oxide, quartz, precipitated silica, fused silica, and the like.
[0025] Fillers disclosed herein may have a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / m·K, at least 5 W / m·K, or at least 2 W / m·K, such as in a range from 1 W / m·K to 1000 W / m·K. Fillers disclosed herein may be low density reduce overall weight of the composition and effective weight in applications such as automotive and EV. In some cases, the filler density is less than 6 g / cc, less than 4 g / cc, or less than 2.5 g / cc, such as in a range of 1 g / cc to 5 g / cc.
[0026] The average D50 particle size for fillers disclosed herein may be in the range of from 0.05 μm to 500 μm, from 0.1 μm to 300 μm, from 0.5 μm to 100 μm, or from 0.5 μm to 50 μm. The average D90 particle size for fillers disclosed herein may be in the range of from 0.05 μm to 500 μm, 1 μm to 300 μm, 5 μm to 200 μm, or 10 μm to 150 μm. The average D10 particle size for fillers disclosed herein may be in the range of from 0.05 μm to 30 μm, 0.08 μm to 10 μm, 0.1 μm to 10 μm. Thermally conductive filler may have D10 in the range of 0.1 to 10 microns, D50 in the range of 5 to 50 microns, and D90 in the range of 50 to 200 microns.
[0027] PU compositions may include one or more fillers modified with multi-valent silane (MVS) treatment agents. MVS treatment agents include modified organosilanes having 2 or more trialkoxysilyl groups capable of interacting with free hydroxy groups on filler surfaces. MVS treatment agents may be synthesized from complex reactions with silanes with -NCO or epoxy groups and amines with at least one -NH2 group. This modification results in silanes with more than one trimethoxy silane group, improving the compatibility between the fillers and the polymer matrix.
[0028] MVS treatment agents may include the products of multi-step reactions of an organoamine with epoxy silane and isocyanato silane. In an example two-step synthesis, an alkyl amine or alkenyl amine, such as oleylamine, reacts with an epoxy silane at room temperature. This reaction opens the epoxy ring, allowing the amine group to form a linkage with the epoxy silane and generating a free hydroxyl, resulting in an intermediate product. In the second step, the intermediate product is combined with a isocyanate silane, which reacts with free hydroxyl groups to generate a urethane linkage to the silane functional group and creating a complex MVS structure. This process can be adjusted by varying the equivalents of epoxy and isocyanate silanes to produce different MVS agents having more functional silane groups and tailored properties for specific applications.
[0029] Suitable amines for preparing MVS treating agents include primary C6 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl amines. Epoxy silanes may include epoxidized organosilanes having at least one epoxy functionality connected to a silane group by a C2 to C20 hydrocarbon linker, such as (3-glycidoxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, β- (3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, β- (3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltriethoxysilane, and the like. In some cases, isocyanate silanes may include isocyanato-organosilanes having at least one isocyanate functionality connected to a silane group by a C2 to C20 hydrocarbon linker, such as isocyanato-propyltrimethoxy silane, isocyanato-ethyltrimethoxy silane, isocyanato-butyltrimethoxy silane, isocyanato-pentyltrimethoxy silane, isocyanato-hexyltrimethoxy silane, isocyanato-propyltriethoxy silane, isocyanato-propyltripropoxy silane, isocyanato-propyltributoxy silane, and the like.
[0030] MVS treatment agents may have the general formulae: R-NH-Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2 (I) ; or R-N-Z2 [Si (OR’) 3) ] 4 (II)
[0031] where R is an C6 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl group; Z is a structure derived from a first reaction of R-NH2 and one or more equivalents of an epoxy silane, and a second reaction with one or more equivalents of an isocyanate silane; and R’ is a H or C1 to C5 alkyl.
[0032] Fillers may be modified with a MVS treatment agent before or after incorporation in the isocyanate-reactive component and / or isocyanate component of a PU composition. In some cases, MVS treating agents may be applied to the filler as a pre-treatment prior to introduction into the isocyanate-reactive component and / or isocyanate component. The concentration may vary depending on the nature of the treating agent and type of filler. In other cases, the components of the isocyanate-reactive component can be combined with the filler and MVS treatment agent, and the filler may be treated in situ.
[0033] Filler may be present at a percent by weight of the total weight of the composition (wt%) ranging from 5 wt%to 99 wt%, 10 wt%to 80 wt%, or 10 wt%to 70 wt%. Filler may be pre-treated with MVS treatment agent at a percent by weight of the filler of 0.1 wt%or more, such as in a range of 0.1 wt%to 7.0 wt%, or 0.1 wt%to 5.0 wt%.
[0034] Fillers and treated fillers may be loaded in the A-side and / or B-side in equal or differing amounts that, when combined, result in an adhesive composition having a thermally conductive filler concentration within any of the above ranges. For example, the isocyanate component and isocyanate-reactive component, respectively, may contain 5 wt%to 40 wt%of filler , resulting in a total wt%of 10 wt%to 80 wt%. Further, different filler sizes / types may be blended to obtain the desired thermally conductive filler loading and viscosity of a formulation. In some cases, thermally conductive filler may be an aluminum trihydrate.
[0035] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more adhesion promoters, such as phosphate-modified polyols or bifunctional organic silanes. Phosphate-modified polyols may have a hydroxyl number (OH#) ranging from 100 mg KOH / g to 500 mg KOH / g. Isocyanate-reactive components may include phosphate modified polyols represented by structure:
[0036] where R1 is a trivalent group, for example, a C1-C16 (e.g., C1-C10, C1-C8, or C1-C6) trivalent group (e.g., a C1-C16 alkylidyne) ; A and B are each independently a direct bond or a divalent group, for example, a C1-C16 (e.g., C1-C10, C1-C8, or C1-C6) divalent group (e.g., a C1-C16 alkylene) , with the proviso that A and B are not both a direct bond. In addition to the pendant groups shown in structure (II) , R1, A and B each independently may or may not have one or more additional pendant -OH groups, and R1, A and B each independently may or may not have one or more additional pendant groups of structure (I) . Any two or more of the -OH groups and the group (s) of structure (I) may or may not be attached to the same atom of R1, A or B. Preferably, each -OH group and each group of structure (I) is attached to a separate atom of R1, A and B. In some cases, phosphate-modified polyol is a polyether-based polyol, or a polyether-based polyurethane polyol. Phosphate-modified polyols may have a hydroxyl number (OH#) according to ASTM D4274-21 in a range of 100 mg KOH / g to 500 mg KOH / g, or 200 mg KOH / g to 500 mg KOH / g.
[0037] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more phosphate-modified polyols at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0.5 wt%to 20 wt%, 3 wt%to 15 wt%, or 5 wt%to 10 wt%.
[0038] Adhesion promoters may also include bifunctional organosilanes, where “bifunctional” refers to organosilanes that include at least one silane functionality and at least one electrophilic functionality. In some cases, bifunctional organosilanes may have a general chemical structure of Si (OR) n (R’Y) 4-n, where n is an integer from 1 to 3, R is independently a C1 to C5 alkyl group, R’ is a C1 to C20 hydrocarbon, and Y is an electrophilic functional group. In some cases, R’ is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or aromatic C1 to C20 hydrocarbon. Y is an electrophilic functional group, where “electrophilic functional group” refers to a configuration of ions or atoms that accept an electron pair to form a covalent bond with a nucleophile, such as isocyanates, epoxy, allyl, vinyl, carboxylic acid, anhydrides, succinates, aldehydes, acid chlorides, aziridine, carbodiimides, oxetanes, sulfonyl chlorides, and the like. For example, bifunctional organosilanes may include 3-isocyanatopropyl-trimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, isocyanatomethyl-trimethoxysilane, and triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride, aminopropyl triethoxysilane, (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxylsilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and the like.
[0039] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more additional adhesion promoters at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0 wt%to 10 wt%, 0.1 wt%to 7 wt%, or 0.5 wt%to 7 wt%.
[0040] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more catalysts for enhancing polyurethane polymerization to generate the PU adhesive composition. Catalysts may be used individually or as a catalyst package containing multiple catalysts, such as gelling catalysts, blowing catalysts, and trimerization catalysts. Gelling and blowing catalysts may be differentiated by a tendency to favor either the urethane (gel) reaction, in the case of the gelling catalyst, or the urea (blow) reaction, in the case of the blowing catalyst. A trimerization catalyst may be utilized to promote the isocyanurate forming reaction in the compositions. The catalyst package can also be added as a separate stream into the reaction mixture of isocyanate and isocyanate-reactive composition.
[0041] Gelling catalysts include organometallic compounds, cyclic tertiary amines and / or long chain amines, e.g., that contain several nitrogen atoms and combinations thereof. Organometallic compounds include organotin compounds, such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g., tin (II) diacetate, tin (II) dioctanoate, tin (II) diethylhexanoate, and tin (II) dilaurate, and dialkyltin (IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g., dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate and dioctyltin diacetate. Bismuth salts of organic carboxylic acids may also be utilized as the gelling catalyst, such as, for example, bismuth octanoate. Cyclic tertiary amines and / or long chain amines include dimethylbenzylamine, triethylenediamine, and combinations thereof. Examples of a commercially available gelling catalysts are 8, 33-LV, and T-12 from Evonik, among other commercially available gelling catalysts.
[0042] Blowing catalysts may include bis- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, triethylamine, tributyl amine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, dimethylethanolamine, N, N, N′, N′-tetra-methylethylenediamine, and combinations thereof, among others. An example of a commercial blowing catalyst is 5, from Evonik, among other commercially available blowing catalysts.
[0043] Trimerization catalysts may include any such catalysts known in the art. Examples of trimerization catalysts include N, N', N” -tris (3-dimethylaminopropyl) hexahydro-S-triazine; N, N-dimethylcyclo-hexylamine; 1, 3, 5-tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine; [2, 4, 6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol] ; potassium acetate, potassium octoate; tetraalkylammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide; alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide; alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide and potassium isopropoxide; and alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids having 10 carbon atoms to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations thereof, among others. Some commercially available trimerization catalysts include, for example, TMR-2, TMR-20, TMR-30, TMR-7, K 2097; K15, 41, and 46, each from Evonik, among other commercially available trimerization catalysts.
[0044] Catalysts may include a “latent catalyst” or “delayed catalyst, ” which is defined as a catalyst compound that is of low catalytic activity or is relatively inactive at ambient temperatures, and which becomes more catalytically active, such as by disassociation, decoordination, ring opening, ionization, or tautomerization upon heating to effect catalysis of least one of the chemical reactions involved in making a PU foam. Ambient temperatures may range from 18 ℃ to 35 ℃.
[0045] Latent / delayed catalysts can be gelling, blowing, and / or trimerization types of catalysts in terms of their function in the foaming process. The latent catalyst is often a subset of tertiary amine gelling catalysts (e.g., delayed action tertiary amine based on 1, 8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene) that include acid salts, phenolic salts, or complexes of a tertiary amine catalyst where the acid or phenolic is often a carboxylic acid or phenol species, but not limited to, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, gluconic acid, tataric acid, citric acid, phenol, nonylphenol, diisopropyl phenol, and the like; and mixtures thereof. Some useable commercially available latent catalysts include, for example, TMR-30, SA2 LE, SA-1 / 10, and 8154 from Evonik; A-107, C-31, and C-225 from Momentive; and ZF-54, LED-204 from Huntsman Corporation; and mixtures thereof.
[0046] The catalyst or catalyst package may be present in the PU adhesive composition at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0 wt%to 3 wt%, 0.5 wt%to 2 wt%, or 1 wt%to 1.5 wt%. In some cases, a catalyst package may be added to the isocyanate-reactive component in amount sufficient to provide the mixture with the corresponding weight percentages above.
[0047] In some cases, moisture scavengers are included to improve shelf life and stability. Examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane, oligomeric vinyltrimethoxysilane, triethylortho-formate, triethylorthoacetate, and molecular sieve powders. Isocyanate components may include one or more moisture scavengers at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 0 wt%to 10 wt%, 1 wt%to 8 wt%, or 2 wt%to 5 wt%.
[0048] Isocyanate-reactive components may include additives such as thixotropic agents, antioxidants, wetting agents, surface treatment additives, flame resistance additives, and combinations thereof, among other additives. Different additives can be utilized for various applications. Different amounts of additives can be utilized for various applications.
[0049] B. ) Isocyanate component
[0050] The isocyanate component (or B-side) may contain one or more isocyanate-terminated prepolymers, plasticizers, rheology modifiers, and fillers modified by multi-valent silanes.
[0051] Isocyanate components may include one or more isocyanate-terminated prepolymers. Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers may be any prepolymer (s) prepared by the reaction of one or more polyols with a stoichiometric excess of one or more polyisocyanates containing two or more isocyanate groups. The polyisocyanates may be aromatic, aliphatic, araliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates, or mixtures thereof. Suitable polyisocyanates include toluene diisocyanate (TDI) , diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) , isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) , tetramethylene-l, 4-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-l, 4-diisocyanate, hexahydrotolylene diisocyanate, 1-methoxyphenyl-2, 4-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4, 4'-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-2, 4'-diisocyanate, 4, 4'-biphenylene diisocyanate, 3, 3'-dimethoxy-4, 4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, and 3, 3'-dimethyldiphenylpropane-4, 4'-diisocyanate; isomers thereof, or mixtures thereof. Suitable polyisocyanates may have an average isocyanate functionality of 1.9 or more, 2.0 or more, 2.1 or more, or 2.2 or more, and at the same time, 3.5 or less, 3.2 or less, 3.0 or less, or 2.8 or less. The isocyanate-terminated prepolymer may have an isocyanate (NCO) content by weight according to ASTM D5155-19 of 1%or more, 2.7%or more, or 5%or more, and at the same time, 30%or less, 25%or less, or 20%or less.
[0052] The polyols and polyol mixtures used to prepare the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer may include any of those disclosed above and further may include ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, neopentylglycol, bis (hydroxy-methyl) cyclohexanes such as 1, 4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methylpropane-1, 3-diol, methylpentanediols, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and the like. Polyols for preparing the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer may also include oligomers and polymers such as polypropylene glycol, polyester polyols, polyether polyols, and the like. In some cases, polyester polyols may include dimeric acid polyester polyols prepared from the polymerization of a polyol and C13 to C22 dimers of long chain carboxylic acids. Isocyanate-terminated prepolymers may be formed using a catalyst, which may include amine-based catalysts and / or tin-based catalysts. In some cases, the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer may be based on dimer acid polyester polyol and a polyisocyanate such as MDI.
[0053] The isocyanate component may include a isocyanate-terminated isocyanate prepolymer at a percent by weight (wt%) up to 95 wt%such as in a range of 1 wt%to 95 wt%, 5 wt%to 70 wt%, or 10 wt%to 50 wt%.
[0054] The isocyanate component may include one or more plasticizers. Examples of plasticizers include butylcarbitol adipate, hexadecyltrimetoxysilane, diisononyl phthalate (DINP) , dioctyl adipate, isodecyl succinate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, pentaerythritol ester, butyl oleate, methyl acetyl ricinoleate, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, propylene glycol adipate polyester, butylene glycol adipate polyester, and combinations thereof. One or more embodiments provide that the A Side includes butylcarbitol adipate, hexadecyltrimetoxysilane, or a combination thereof. Suitable plasticizers include bis (2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl) adipate, bis-dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether adipate, bis-diethylene glycol n-butyl ether malonate, bis-diethylene glycol n-butyl ether glutarate, bis-dipropylene glycol methyl ether maleate, tetraetyleneglycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, and the like.
[0055] The isocyanate component may optionally include one or more plasticizers at a percent by weight (wt%) up to 25 wt%, such as in a range of 0 wt%to 20 wt%, 5 wt%to 15 wt%, or 10 wt%to 12 wt%.
[0056] Isocyanate components may include one or more rheology modifiers to modify the thixotropic properties for different application needs. Rheology modifiers may include colloidal silica, fumed silica, precipitated silica, colloidal silica, fumed silica, precipitated silica, diatomaceous earths, ground quartz, kaolin, calcined kaolin, wollastonite, hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, hydrated alumina, magnesium hydroxide, carbon black, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, vermiculite, zinc oxide, mica, talcum, iron oxide, barium sulphate, and the like.
[0057] The isocyanate component may optionally include one or more rheology modifiers at a percent by weight (wt%) up to 15 wt%, such as in a range of 0.1 wt%to 15 wt%, 0.1 to 10 wt%, or 1 wt%to 10 wt%.
[0058] Isocyanate-reactive components may include one or more fillers (modified and / or unmodified as discussed above) at a percent by weight (wt%) ranging from 5 wt%to 99 wt%, 5 wt%to 50 wt%, or 10 wt%to 30 wt%.
[0059] Isocyanate components may include additives such as moisture scavengers, adhesion promoters, thixotropic agents, antioxidants, wetting agents, surface treatment additives, flame resistance additives, and combinations thereof, among other additives. Different additives can be utilized for various applications. Different amounts of additives can be utilized for various applications.
[0060] C. Method of Preparation
[0061] For PU adhesive compositions disclosed herein may be achieved by mixing the respective components of the isocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component in any sequence and allowing the mixture to cure. Suitable mixing techniques include the use of a Ross PD Mixer (Charles Ross) , Myers mixer, FlackTek Speedmixer, butterfly mixer and the like. Various components of the composition could also be mixed using a continuous process.
[0062] In some cases, methods of using the polyurethane adhesive composition include combining an isocyanate-reactive component and an isocyanate component to form a curable mixture, applying the curable mixture to a first substrate, contacting the first substrate with a second substrate; and allowing the curable mixture to cure and form an adhesion between the first and second substrates. The curable mixture can be cured at an ambient temperature (18-35 ℃) for several days (for example, 3 to 10 days) . In some cases, the curable mixture can be subjected to pressure or heat (for example, at a temperature of from 30℃ to 90℃, for example, from 30℃ to 60℃) to speed the curing. The material or type of the substrate to be treated (for example, the first substrate and the second substrate) by the PU adhesive composition is not limited. In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate can be one or more battery cells and the second substrate can be a cooling plate.
[0063] PU adhesive compositions may be prepared by mixing the isocyanate component and the isocyanate-reactive component at a volume ratio of 1: 1 and an ISO index (also known as NCO / OH molar ratio) from 0.95 to 1.9, or 1.05 to 1.85.
[0064] Cured PU adhesive compositions may have a density according to ASTM D3574-17 Test A of less than 0.9 g / mL or less than 0.85, such as in a range of 0.1 gmL to 0.9 g / mL, or 0.1 g / mL to 0.85 g / ml.
[0065] PU adhesive compositions may have high lap shear strength or cross tensile strength according to GB / T7124 of 6 MPa or more, or of 7 MPa or more.
[0066] PU adhesive compositions may have an elongation at break according to ISO 527-2 of 5%or more, or of 5.5%or more.
[0067] Described compositions can be used as thermal interface materials and structural adhesives, such as in the electronics industry, construction, and automotive industries, including the electronic vehicle (EV) industry for assembly and support in batteries, and bonding battery cells and cooling plates. Manual or automatic dispensing tools can be used to apply adhesive compositions directly to the target surface to minimize waste. In some cases, PU adhesive compositions may be prepared by combining an isocyanate component and an isocyanate-reactive component and applying to a cooling plate or heat sink an automated mix-meter-dispense system, followed by installation of a battery cell, module or pack, or other heat source.
[0068] Additionally, adhesive compositions may be used to form pre-cured articles such as gap pads. In one example, pre-cured articles may be formed by curing a PU adhesive composition at a desired thickness, cutting the article to a desired shape, and then compressed to fix in place as needed. In some cases, cured articles may also help reduce vibration stress for shock dampening.
[0069] While formulation components and properties have been disclosed individually, it is envisioned that component elements may be included, excluded, or combined in any manner or subcombination utilizing any of the above concentration ranges and nested subranges therein. Further, that the recited formulation properties may be similarly achieved through various combinations of the recited components within the recited ranges. Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are based on weight and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.
[0070] EXAMPLES
[0071] The following examples are provided to illustrate the embodiments of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Table 1 details the materials used in the following examples.
[0072] Synthesis of Multi-Valent Silanes
[0073] Multi-Valent Silane II (MVS-II) was prepared by reacting oleylamine and 1.0 equivalent molar amount of an epoxy silane at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by the addition of 1.0 molar equivalent of isocyanate silane and stirring 3 hours at 90℃.
[0074] Synthesis of Multi-Valent Silane IV (MVS-IV) was prepared by reacting oleylamine and 2.0 equivalent molar amounts of an epoxy silane at room temperature for 2 hours, followed by the addition of 2.0 molar equivalents of isocyanate silane and stirring 3 hours at 90℃.
[0075] Polyurethane Adhesive Formulations
[0076] The formulations for the comparative examples (CE) and inventive examples (IE) are provided in Table 2.
[0077] Experimental Procedures
[0078] Filler Pre-Treatment: Filler 1 and MVS (s) were charged into a 2-L round flask with an ethanol aqueous solution or water. The round flask, equipped with an agitator, a refluxing condenser, and a thermometer, was heated. The aqueous solution or water was refluxed at 80℃for 2 hours. The slurry of treated ATH was collected in a Buchner funnel by vacuum filtration and dried at 80℃ overnight to obtain pretreated ATH. Optionally, Polyols 1, 2, and 3, MVS treating agent, and filler can be reacted under vacuum over 80℃ for 2 hours to in-situ treat filler in Part A.
[0079] Preparation of Isocyanate-reactive Component Polyols 1, 2, and 3, and Adhesion Promoter 1 were charged into a speed mixer cup. The mixture was mixed in the speed mixer cup at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds under vacuum, followed by a 5-minute degassing process (0 rpm, vacuum for 5 minutes) . Pretreated filler was then charged into the speed mixer cup and mixed at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. Optionally, Adhesion Promoter 1 was charged into the in-situ treated filler part in a speed mixer cup. The sample was then packaged into sealed tubes.
[0080] Preparation of Part B Isocyanate Component: Isocyanate prepolymer and Adhesion Promoter 2 were charged into a speed mixer cup. The mixture was mixed in the speed mixer cup at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds under vacuum, followed by a 5-minute degassing process (0 rpm, vacuum for 5 minutes) . Pretreated filler was then charged into the speed mixer cup and mixed at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. The sample was then packaged into sealed tubes.
[0081] Part B Storage Stability Test
[0082] Part B samples were placed into a 50℃ oven for 30 days. The rheology curve of the sample was tested during thermal storage, and the viscosity was measured under high shear. The viscosity increase before and after thermal storage was the key factor for storage stability.
[0083] Adhesive Sample Preparation: Part A and Part B of the adhesive were mixed and put in a speed mixer at 1000 rpm for 1 minute to ensure thorough mixing. The adhesive was then applied to specimens according to the test requirements and cured at 80℃ for 4 hours.
[0084] Property testing
[0085] Viscosity: measured using TA instruments ARES-G2, AR2000 type rheometers or Anton Paar MCR rheometers using parallel plate fixtures.
[0086] Lap Shear Strength Test (GB / T7124) : Substrates were made from 3003 aluminum alloy with dimensions of 25 mm x 12.5 mm. The substrate surface was cleaned by wiping off with ethanol, and a 25 mm x 12 mm bonding area was masked using pressure-sensitive tape. Part A and Part B of the adhesive were mixed and put in a speed mixer at 1000 rpm for 1 minute to ensure thorough mixing. 0.5 g to 1.5 g of adhesive was applied in the bonding area of the substrate, and two copper wires with a diameter of 0.5 mm were used to control the thickness of the adhesive. Another masked substrate with the same bonding area was stacked head-to-head along the length direction, pressed, and fastened with two clippers side by side. The adhesive was cured at 80℃for 4 hours. Test samples were assembled on the fixture of an Instron test machine and tested at a strain rate of 5 mm / min for lap shear strength.
[0087] Tensile Stress and Elongation Test (ISO 527-2) : Specimens (1 mm thickness x 2 mm width x 12 mm length, n = 5) of each polyurethane were prepared and stretched to failure at a rate of 10 mm / min using an Instron 5966 uniaxial tensile tester equipped with a 1 kN load cell. The ultimate elongation at break was calculated from the resultant engineering stress / strain curves.
[0088] The experimental data and tested property criteria are summarized in Table 3.
[0089] The inventive examples (IE1, IE2, IE3) exhibit significantly improved storage stability compared to the comparative examples (CE1, CE2, CE3, CE4) . The use of multi-valent silanes as treating agents for the fillers results in a much lower viscosity increase ratio, indicating better storage stability. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the inventive examples meet the required performance criteria, demonstrating that the multi-valent silane modification does not compromise the adhesive's strength and elongation.
[0090] The testing results indicate that the storage stability, thermal conductivity, lap shear strength, tensile stress, and elongation are the most important performance criteria for high thermal conductive adhesives, especially for the application of thermal management in EV batteries. The storage stability is the most challenging performance for highly filled systems, particularly for Part B. The Part B viscosity increase ratio represents the viscosity increase after 30 days of storage at 50℃. The lower the viscosity increase ratio, the better the stability.
[0091] From the test results, CE1 represents the formulation with untreated ATH filler. Untreated filler led to low elongation and could not meet the requirement of mechanical strength. CE2 and CE3 represent formulations with commercially available pretreated fillers. Even though some of the mechanical strength testing results met the requirements, the viscosity increase ratio was much higher than 2.2, indicating very poor storage stability. The viscosity of samples with commercially available pretreated fillers increased significantly after thermal storage, suggesting that the samples would show viscosity increase even at room temperature after 6 months.
[0092] IE1 used MVS-II as the treating agent. Compared to CE2 and CE3, IE1 had significantly better storage stability. The viscosity increase was much smaller than those without the novel treating agent, and the mechanical strength of IE1 was good enough to meet the requirements. IE2, IE3, and CE4 used MVS-IV as the treating agent with different dosages. It was clear that less than 4.0%dosage of MVS-IV showed better storage stability than CE2 and CE3. CE4 showed a higher viscosity increase ratio than 2.2, indicating that the limitation of MVS-IV dosage is 4.0%.
[0093] While the foregoing is directed to exemplary embodiments, other and further embodiments may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims
1.A polyurethane adhesive composition, comprising:an isocyanate-reactive component, comprising:one or more vegetable oil-based polyols;one or more polyether polyols;one or more hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers;an isocyanate component, comprising one or more isocyanate-terminated prepolymers; anda filler modified by a multi-valent silane treating agent, wherein the multi-valent silane is of the general formulae:R-NH-Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2 (I) ; orR-N- [Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2] 2 (II)wherein R is an C6 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl group; Z is a structure derived from a first reaction of R-NH2 and one or more equivalents of an epoxy silane, and a second reaction with one or more equivalents of an isocyanate silane; and R’ is H, or C1 to C5 alkyl.2.The composition of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-reactive component comprises:0.5 wt%to 70 wt%of the vegetable oil-based polyol;0.5 wt%to 50 wt%of the polyether polyol; and1 wt%to 50 wt%of the hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer.3.The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydroxyl-terminated prepolymer is based on vegetable oil, polyether polyol, and isocyanate.4.The composition of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate component comprises:1 wt%to 95 wt%of hydrophobic isocyanate prepolymers;5 wt%to 99 wt%of an inorganic or metal oxide filler modified by the multi-valent silane treatment agent.5.The composition of claim 1, wherein the multi-valent silane is synthesized by reacting oleylamine with an epoxy silane, followed reaction with an isocyanate silane at elevated temperature.6.The composition of claim 1, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum trihydrate, and aluminum oxide.7.The composition of claim 1, wherein the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer is based on dimer acid polyester polyol and a polyisocyanate.8.The composition of claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition exhibits a viscosity increase ratio of less than 2.2 after 30 days of storage at 50℃.9.A battery assembly including the polyurethane adhesive composition of claim 1.10.A method of preparing a polyurethane adhesive composition, comprising:forming a curable mixture by combining an isocyanate-reactive component, an isocyanate component, and a filler modified by a multi-valent silane treating agent;the isocyanate-reactive component, comprising:one or more vegetable oil-based polyols;one or more polyether polyols;one or more hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers;the isocyanate component, comprising one or more isocyanate-terminated prepolymers; andwherein the filler modified by a multi-valent silane treating agent, is modified by a multi-valent silane is of the general formulae:R-NH-Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2 (I) ; orR-N- [Z- [Si (OR’) 3] 2] 2 (II)wherein R is an C6 to C20 alkyl or alkenyl group; Z is a structure derived from a first reaction of R-NH2 and one or more equivalents of an epoxy silane, and a second reaction with one or more equivalents of an isocyanate silane; and R’ is H, or C1 to C5 alkyl; andapplying the curable mixture to a first substrate;contacting the first substrate with a second substrate; andallowing the curable mixture to cure and form an adhesion between the first and second substrates.