Power control method, circuit and system

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of radio-over-fiber communications, and specifically relates to a power control method, circuit and system. The control method comprises the following steps: establishing a radio-frequency link gain model, and pre-storing, in a microcontroller, a truth table of a mapping relationship between a target power value and an attenuation amount of a variable attenuator, wherein the truth table comprises a joint correction parameter of a temperature compensation coefficient α(T) and an environmental attenuation factor β(d). Provided in the present invention are a power control method, circuit and system. By means of the collaborative operation of a microcontroller unit and a variable attenuator, precise power control for radio-frequency amplification circuits for B3 and N78 frequency bands is achieved.

Description

Power control methods, circuits and systems Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical wireless communication technology, specifically to a power control method, circuit, and system. Background Technology

[0002] In ROF (Radio over Fiber) distributed small cell products, RF power control of the RRU (Remote Radio Unit) is a critical issue. Traditional RRU units are prone to instability in output power of the RF power amplifier (PA) due to path loss and temperature variations in high and low temperature environments and at different transmission distances. This power fluctuation not only affects signal quality but also leads to coverage uncertainty, thus impacting the performance of the entire communication system. Existing power control methods typically rely on manual adjustment or simple feedback mechanisms, which often fail to meet the requirements of high precision and real-time performance in complex environments.

[0003] Specifically, existing power control methods suffer from the following problems: First, traditional power control methods typically require manual intervention, which not only increases operational complexity but also makes real-time adjustment difficult. Second, while existing automatic power control methods can achieve power regulation to some extent, their adjustment accuracy and response speed are limited. Especially under extreme temperature conditions, the performance degradation of the power amplifier can lead to a significant deviation of the power output from the design target. Furthermore, existing methods often lack comprehensive consideration of environmental factors (such as temperature and transmission distance), resulting in insufficient stability and reliability of power control.

[0004] Based on the above, the technical problem that this invention aims to solve is: how to achieve high-precision, real-time automatic control of radio frequency power in complex environments, so as to ensure that the output power of the RRU unit is always stable near the design target value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a power control method, circuit, and system to solve the problem of unstable output power of radio frequency power amplifiers under high and low temperature environments and different transmission distances.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0007] On the one hand, a power control method is provided, the control method comprising the following steps:

[0008] A radio frequency link gain model is established, and a truth table mapping the target power value to the attenuation of the variable attenuator is pre-stored in the microcontroller. The truth table includes a joint correction parameter of the temperature compensation coefficient α(T) and the environmental attenuation factor β(d).

[0009] The feedback voltage signal V from the VDET pin of the power amplifier is acquired in real time via an analog-to-digital converter. det Based on the feedback voltage signal V det Calculate the current transmit power:

[0010] Where K is the power conversion coefficient, V ref The reference voltage is C, and the calibration constant is C.

[0011] Compare the current transmit power with the target power P target Perform dynamic comparison when:

[0012] |ΔP|=|P cur -P target |≥ΔP th At that time, the multi-level adjustment mode is activated, where ΔP th The preset power deviation threshold is used;

[0013] Based on the truth table, a variable attenuator control command is generated, and a composite control word containing the attenuation adjustment value ΔA and the adjustment rate parameter τ is sent via the SPI bus. The calculation expression for the adjustment rate parameter is as follows:

[0014] Where τ0 is the initial adjustment rate and λ is the system time constant;

[0015] During the power stabilization phase, a closed-loop verification mechanism is initiated, and the joint correction parameters are updated through an iterative algorithm, specifically satisfying the following:

[0016] α(T) = α0 + κ × (T - T0) 2 , Where α0 and β0 are baseline parameters, and κ and ε are environmental sensitivity coefficients.

[0017] Furthermore, the feedback voltage signal V det The calculation steps include:

[0018] The voltage oversampling of the VDET pin of the power amplifier is processed, and a sliding window averaging algorithm is used to eliminate high-frequency noise interference. The window length N = 2. m m is the bit width parameter of the microcontroller;

[0019] Perform nonlinear compensation calculations to construct the voltage-power conversion equation:

[0020] Where R is the resistance of the sensing resistor, P ref For reference power, G cal For calibrating the gain factor;

[0021] An adaptive compensation algorithm is used to eliminate temperature drift error. The formula for calculating the temperature compensation amount ΔPT is:

[0022] ΔP T =θ1×(TT) nom )+θ2×(TT nom ) 3 Where θ1 and θ2 are temperature sensitivity coefficients, T nom This refers to the rated operating temperature.

[0023] Furthermore, the composite control word generation method includes:

[0024] Construct a dynamic adjustment equation for attenuation:

[0025] Where η is the proportionality coefficient, μ is the integral coefficient, and γ is the differential coefficient;

[0026] Generate SPI instructions containing a 16-bit control field. The instruction structure is as follows:

[0027] [Start bit 1 bit][Opcode 4 bits][Attenuation value 8 bits][Check bit 3 bits], wherein the opcode includes a temperature compensation flag and a link selection identifier;

[0028] Implement a tiered adjustment strategy. When |ΔP|≥3dB, adopt an exponential decay adjustment mode with an adjustment step size of:

[0029] Switch to linear adjustment mode when |ΔP| < 3dB.

[0030] Furthermore, the step of updating the joint correction parameters through an iterative algorithm includes:

[0031] Establish the objective function:

[0032] J=ω1(P target -P cur ) 2 +ω2(ΔA) 2 +ω3τ 2 Where ω1, ω2, and ω3 are weighting coefficients;

[0033] Solving for the constraints of optimal control parameters:

[0034] and

[0035] The parameter update equation is derived as follows:

[0036]

[0037] Where δ and ζ are the learning rate parameters;

[0038] When the number of iterations k>k max Parameter updates will terminate if |ΔP| < 0.1dB.

[0039] Furthermore, the method also includes dynamic compensation of environmental parameters, the steps of which are as follows:

[0040] Real-time acquisition of ambient temperature T and fiber optic transmission distance d;

[0041] Calculate the comprehensive compensation factor:

[0042] F comp =1+λ1(T-T0)+λ2(d-d0)+λ3(T·d-T0·d0), where λ1, λ2, and λ3 are environmental coupling coefficients;

[0043] Correct the target power value:

[0044] P′ target =P target ×[1+sign(ΔP)×F comp ].

[0045] Furthermore, the step of comparing the current transmit power with the target power P target The steps for dynamic comparison include:

[0046] When ΔP>0, an instruction to increase the attenuation amount is generated, and the overpower protection mechanism is activated at the same time.

[0047] When ΔP<0, a command to reduce attenuation is generated, and the link gain compensation program is started at the same time;

[0048] In the event of a sudden power deviation, the emergency adjustment mode is activated, and the adjustment rate τ is increased to 3 times the normal value.

[0049] On the other hand, a power control circuit is provided for implementing the power control method described above, the control circuit comprising:

[0050] The microcontroller unit has an SPI communication interface and multiple ADC input channels;

[0051] The B3 band processing module includes a first variable attenuator and a B3 power amplifier connected in series. The control terminal of the first variable attenuator is connected to the first SPI output terminal of the microcontroller.

[0052] The N78 band processing module includes a second variable attenuator and an N78 power amplifier connected in series. The control terminal of the second variable attenuator is connected to the second SPI output terminal of the microcontroller.

[0053] The feedback detection network includes a first voltage divider circuit connected between the VDET pin of the B3 power amplifier and the first ADC input terminal of the microcontroller, and a second voltage divider circuit connected between the VDET pin of the N78 power amplifier and the second ADC input terminal of the microcontroller.

[0054] An environmental sensing module includes a temperature sensor and a distance detection unit, and the output of the environmental sensing module is connected to the third ADC input of the microcontroller.

[0055] Furthermore, the first and second variable attenuators are digitally controlled attenuators with an attenuation range of 0-30dB and a step accuracy of 0.25dB.

[0056] The voltage divider circuit includes a π-type filter network with a cutoff frequency fc = 1 / (2πRC), where R = 1kΩ and C = 100pF;

[0057] The microcontroller unit integrates a hardware multiplier module with an operation speed of no less than 50MHz;

[0058] The control circuit further includes a power management module, which includes:

[0059] Linear regulator, input connected to a 5V power supply, output 3.3V to the microcontroller unit;

[0060] The dynamic bias circuit adjusts the supply voltage Vcc according to the operating states of the B3 and N78 power amplifiers to satisfy:

[0061] Among them, V base ΔV is the base voltage, and ΔV is the adjustment range.

[0062] In another aspect, a power control system is provided, the control system comprising:

[0063] The baseband processing unit is connected to the power control circuit via an optical fiber interface;

[0064] The radio frequency remote unit includes the power control circuit described above, and the optical / electrical conversion module;

[0065] The environmental monitoring unit is used to collect temperature, humidity and vibration parameters in real time.

[0066] Furthermore, the baseband processing unit includes:

[0067] A digital predistortion module is used to perform nonlinear correction on the transmitted signal;

[0068] Fiber optic modulators are used to convert radio frequency signals into optical signals for transmission.

[0069] The radio frequency remote unit includes:

[0070] A photodetector is used to convert optical signals back into radio frequency signals;

[0071] A circulator is used to isolate the path of transmitted and received signals.

[0072] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0073] This invention proposes a power control method, circuit, and system. Through the coordinated operation of a microcontroller unit and a variable attenuator, precise power control of RF amplifier circuits in the B3 and N78 bands is achieved. The method includes steps such as establishing an RF link gain model, real-time acquisition of feedback voltage signals, dynamic comparison of current transmit power with target power, generation and transmission of composite control commands, and a closed-loop verification mechanism. Specifically, this invention effectively eliminates the influence of temperature and transmission distance on power control by pre-storing a truth table mapping the target power value to the attenuation of the variable attenuator, and combining this with joint correction parameters of temperature compensation coefficient and environmental attenuation factor. Furthermore, transmitting a composite control word containing attenuation adjustment value and adjustment rate parameter via the SPI bus enables fast and precise power adjustment.

[0074] The method of this invention not only improves the accuracy and response speed of power control, but also maintains stable power output under extreme temperatures and different transmission distances. By updating the joint correction parameters in the truth table through a closed-loop verification mechanism and iterative algorithm, the system's adaptability and stability are further enhanced. Experimental verification shows that the power control method and circuit proposed in this invention can significantly improve the power control performance of the RRU unit, ensuring that the expected power output target is achieved under various complex environments, thereby improving the reliability and coverage of the entire communication system.

[0075] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0076] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a power control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 2 is a power control circuit diagram in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 3 is a second power control circuit diagram in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 4 is a power control circuit diagram in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 5 is a truth table 1 in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 6 is a truth table 2 in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0082] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] The term "comprising," and any variations thereof, used in the specification and claims of this application, is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus. Furthermore, the use of "and / or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, such as A and / or B, indicating the inclusion of A alone, B alone, or both A and B.

[0084] In embodiments of the present invention, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0085] The present invention provides the following preferred embodiments:

[0086] Example 1

[0087] To address the issue of unstable output power of the RF power amplifier under high and low temperature environments and different transmission distances, this embodiment further optimizes the power control method. Specifically, this embodiment establishes an RF link gain model and pre-stores a truth table in the microcontroller that maps the target power value to the attenuation of the variable attenuator. This truth table includes a joint correction parameter for the temperature compensation coefficient α(T) and the environmental attenuation factor β(d).

[0088] As shown in Figure 1, the steps of the power control method include:

[0089] S100. Establish an RF link gain model and pre-store a truth table in the microcontroller that maps the target power value to the attenuation of the variable attenuator. The truth table includes a joint correction parameter of the temperature compensation coefficient α(T) and the environmental attenuation factor β(d).

[0090] S200, acquires the feedback voltage signal V from the VDET pin of the power amplifier in real time via an analog-to-digital converter. det Based on the feedback voltage signal V det Calculate the current transmit power.

[0091] S300, compare the current transmit power with the target power P target Perform dynamic comparison when:

[0092] |ΔP|=|P cur -P target |≥ΔP th At that time, the multi-level adjustment mode is activated, where ΔP th This is a preset power deviation threshold.

[0093] S400: Generate a variable attenuator control command based on the truth table, and send a composite control word containing the attenuation adjustment value ΔA and the adjustment rate parameter τ via the SPI bus.

[0094] S500: During the power stabilization phase, a closed-loop verification mechanism is initiated, and the joint correction parameters are updated through an iterative algorithm.

[0095] Specifically, the feedback voltage signal Vdet at the VDET pin of the power amplifier is acquired in real time via an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The current transmit power is calculated based on the feedback voltage signal Vdet, using the following formula:

[0096] Where K is the power conversion coefficient, V ref Here, is the reference voltage, and C is the calibration constant. It's important to understand that this calculation method accurately reflects the actual output power of the power amplifier, thus providing reliable data for subsequent dynamic comparisons.

[0097] Furthermore, the current transmit power Pcur is dynamically compared with the target power Ptarget. When the power deviation ΔP exceeds the preset power deviation threshold ΔPth, a multi-level adjustment mode is activated. This dynamic comparison mechanism can promptly detect power anomalies and initiate corresponding adjustment measures to ensure stable power output.

[0098] Furthermore, a variable attenuator control command is generated based on the truth table and transmitted via the SPI bus, containing a composite control word comprising the attenuation adjustment value ΔA and the adjustment rate parameter τ. The expression for calculating the adjustment rate parameter τ is:

[0099] Where τ0 is the initial adjustment rate and λ is the system time constant. This adjustment strategy can improve the system response speed while ensuring adjustment accuracy.

[0100] Furthermore, a closed-loop verification mechanism is initiated during the power stabilization phase, updating the joint correction parameters through an iterative algorithm. Specifically, it satisfies: α(T)=α0+k×(T-T0) 2 ;

[0101] Where α0 and β0 are baseline parameters, and κ and ε are environmental sensitivity coefficients. In this way, the temperature compensation coefficient and environmental attenuation factor can be continuously optimized, improving the system's adaptability.

[0102] The advantage of this embodiment is that by establishing an accurate RF link gain model and dynamic adjustment mechanism, high-precision power control can be achieved in complex environments, ensuring that the output power of the RRU unit is always stable near the design target value, thereby improving the overall performance and reliability of the communication system.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] To address the high-frequency noise interference in the feedback voltage signal, this embodiment further refines the calculation steps for the feedback voltage signal Vdet. First, the voltage at the VDET pin of the power amplifier is oversampled, and a sliding window averaging algorithm is used to eliminate high-frequency noise interference. The window length N = 2m, where m is the microcontroller bit width parameter. It is important to understand that oversampling and the sliding window averaging algorithm effectively filter out noise and improve the accuracy of the feedback signal.

[0105] Furthermore, nonlinear compensation calculations are performed to construct the voltage-power conversion equation:

[0106] Where R is the resistance of the sensing resistor, P ref For reference power, G cal This is for calibrating the gain factor. This conversion equation can accurately reflect the nonlinear relationship between voltage and power, improving the accuracy of power calculation.

[0107] Furthermore, an adaptive compensation algorithm is used to eliminate temperature drift error. The formula for calculating the temperature compensation amount ΔPT is:

[0108] ΔP T =θ1×(TT) nom )+θ2×(TT nom ) 3 Where θ1 and θ2 are temperature sensitivity coefficients, T nom This is the rated operating temperature. This compensation algorithm effectively eliminates the impact of temperature changes on power measurement, improving system stability.

[0109] The advantage of this embodiment is that, through oversampling, nonlinear compensation calculation, and adaptive temperature compensation, the accuracy and stability of the feedback voltage signal can be significantly improved, thereby providing reliable data support for subsequent power control.

[0110] Example 3

[0111] To address the challenge of efficiently generating composite control words under varying power deviations, this embodiment further optimizes the composite control word generation method. First, a dynamic adjustment equation for attenuation is constructed:

[0112] Where η is the proportional coefficient, μ is the integral coefficient, and γ is the differential coefficient. This equation can comprehensively consider the instantaneous value, cumulative value, and rate of change of power deviation to generate a more reasonable attenuation adjustment value.

[0113] Furthermore, an SPI instruction containing a 16-bit control field is generated, with the following instruction structure:

[0114] [Start bit 1 bit][Opcode 4 bits][Attenuation value 8 bits][Check bit 3 bits].

[0115] The opcode includes a temperature compensation flag and a link selection identifier. This structured instruction format ensures the accurate transmission of control information.

[0116] Furthermore, a tiered adjustment strategy is implemented. When |ΔP|≥3dB, an exponential decay adjustment mode is adopted, with an adjustment step size of:

[0117] When |ΔP| < 3dB, the system switches to linear adjustment mode. This tiered adjustment strategy enables rapid adjustment under large power deviations and fine adjustment under small power deviations, improving the system's response speed and accuracy.

[0118] The advantage of this embodiment is that, through dynamic adjustment equations and hierarchical adjustment strategies, a highly efficient composite control word can be generated, improving the accuracy and response speed of power control and ensuring that the output power of the RRU unit remains stable near the design target value.

[0119] Example 4

[0120] To address the problem of how to optimize the joint correction parameters using an iterative algorithm, this embodiment further optimizes the steps for updating the joint correction parameters using an iterative algorithm. First, the objective function is established:

[0121] J=ω1(P target -P cur ) 2 +ω2(ΔA) 2 +ω3τ 2ω1, ω2, and ω3 are weighting coefficients; this objective function comprehensively considers power deviation, attenuation adjustment value, and adjustment rate to evaluate the overall performance of the system.

[0122] Furthermore, solve for the constraints of the optimal control parameters:

[0123] and By solving these constraints, the optimal control parameters that minimize the objective function can be found.

[0124] Furthermore, the parameter update equation is derived:

[0125] Here, δ and ζ are the learning rate parameters. Through these update equations, the temperature compensation coefficient and environmental degradation factor can be gradually optimized, thereby improving the system's adaptability.

[0126] Furthermore, parameter updates terminate when the number of iterations k > kmax or |ΔP| < 0.1dB. This termination condition ensures that the iteration process stops after reaching a certain level of accuracy or the maximum number of iterations, avoiding unnecessary computational overhead.

[0127] The advantage of this embodiment is that by establishing the objective function and iterative algorithm, the joint correction parameters can be continuously optimized, improving the system's adaptability and stability, and ensuring that the output power of the RRU unit remains stable near the design target value.

[0128] Example 5

[0129] To address the challenge of dynamically compensating for power control under varying environmental conditions, this embodiment further optimizes the dynamic compensation steps for environmental parameters. First, the ambient temperature T and fiber optic transmission distance d are collected in real time. It is important to understand that ambient temperature and transmission distance are crucial factors affecting power control; real-time acquisition of these parameters provides the foundational data for subsequent compensation.

[0130] Further, calculate the comprehensive compensation factor:

[0131] F comp = 1 + λ1(T-T0) + λ2(d-d0) + λ3(T·d-T0·d0), where λ1, λ2, and λ3 are environmental coupling coefficients. This comprehensive compensation factor can take into account the influence of temperature and distance on power, providing a more comprehensive compensation scheme.

[0132] Furthermore, the target power value is revised:

[0133] P′ target =P target ×[1+sign(ΔP)×F compThis correction formula allows for dynamic adjustment of the target power value under different environmental conditions, ensuring that the actual output power matches the design target.

[0134] The advantage of this embodiment is that by collecting environmental parameters in real time and dynamically compensating for the target power value, more precise power control can be achieved in complex environments.

[0135] Example 6

[0136] To address the challenge of rapidly adjusting power in the event of sudden power deviations, this embodiment further optimizes the step of dynamically comparing the current transmit power with the target power Ptarget. First, when ΔP > 0, an attenuation increase command is generated, and simultaneously, an overpower protection mechanism is activated. This mechanism can be understood to quickly reduce power when it is too high, preventing equipment damage.

[0137] Furthermore, when ΔP < 0, a command to reduce attenuation is generated, and a link gain compensation procedure is initiated simultaneously. This mechanism can rapidly increase power when it is low, ensuring that the output power reaches the design target.

[0138] Furthermore, in the event of a sudden change in power deviation, an emergency adjustment mode is activated, increasing the adjustment rate τ to three times the normal value. This emergency adjustment mode enables a rapid response when power deviation changes drastically, improving the system's response speed and stability.

[0139] The advantage of this embodiment is that, through dynamic comparison and emergency adjustment mechanisms, the power can be quickly adjusted in the event of sudden power deviation, ensuring that the output power of the RRU unit remains stable near the design target value, thereby improving the stability of the system.

[0140] Example 7

[0141] To address the issue of RRU unit RF power control under high and low temperature environments and different transmission distances, this embodiment proposes a power control circuit design. As shown in Figures 2 to 6, the control circuit includes a microcontroller unit, a B3 band processing module, an N78 band processing module, a feedback detection network, and an environmental sensing module.

[0142] Furthermore, the microcontroller unit uses the M251LE3AE model, which has an SPI communication interface and multiple ADC input channels. It's important to understand that this microcontroller possesses high-performance processing capabilities and multi-channel data acquisition capabilities, enabling it to meet complex power control requirements.

[0143] Furthermore, the B3 band processing module includes a first variable attenuator (RFSA3714) and a B3 power amplifier (GSM1824) connected in series. The control terminal of the first variable attenuator is connected to the first SPI output terminal of the microcontroller. Through the SPI signal, the microcontroller can precisely control the attenuation amount, thereby adjusting the gain of the transmit link.

[0144] Furthermore, the N78 band processing module includes a second variable attenuator (RFSA3714) and an N78 power amplifier (GCM3527) connected in series. The control terminal of the second variable attenuator is connected to the second SPI output terminal of the microcontroller. Similar to the B3 band, the N78 band also uses SPI signals for attenuation control to ensure consistent power control between the two bands.

[0145] Furthermore, the feedback detection network includes a first voltage divider circuit connected between the VDET pin of the B3 power amplifier and the first ADC input of the microcontroller, and a second voltage divider circuit connected between the VDET pin of the N78 power amplifier and the second ADC input of the microcontroller. These voltage divider circuits are used to convert the voltage signal at the VDET pin into a range suitable for ADC acquisition, thereby accurately measuring the actual output power of the power amplifier.

[0146] Furthermore, the environmental sensing module includes a temperature sensor and a distance detection unit. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the ambient temperature in real time, and the distance detection unit is used to measure the fiber optic transmission distance. The output of the environmental sensing module is connected to the third ADC input of the microcontroller to provide real-time environmental parameters for dynamic compensation.

[0147] The advantage of this embodiment is that by integrating a microcontroller unit, a variable attenuator, a power amplifier, a feedback detection network, and an environmental sensing module, high-precision power control can be achieved in complex environments, ensuring that the output power of the RRU unit remains stable near the design target value, thereby improving the overall performance of the communication system.

[0148] Example 8

[0149] To address the challenge of efficiently generating composite control words under varying power deviations, this embodiment further refines the specific configuration of the power control circuit. Firstly, both the first and second variable attenuators are digitally controlled attenuators with an attenuation range of 0-30dB and a step accuracy of 0.25dB. It is important to understand that such high-precision attenuators provide fine power regulation, ensuring the stability of the output power.

[0150] Furthermore, the voltage divider circuit includes a π-type filter network with a cutoff frequency fc = 1 / (2πRC), where R = 1kΩ and C = 100pF. This filter network can effectively filter out high-frequency noise and improve the accuracy of the feedback signal. Understandably, the choice of filter network is crucial for improving the system's anti-interference capability.

[0151] Furthermore, the microcontroller unit integrates a hardware multiplier module with an operation speed of at least 50MHz. This high-speed computing capability enables the microcontroller to quickly process complex power control algorithms, improving the system's response speed.

[0152] Furthermore, the control circuit also includes a power management module. The power management module includes a linear regulator and a dynamic bias circuit. The linear regulator input is connected to a 5V power supply, and outputs 3.3V to the microcontroller unit, ensuring a stable power supply to the microcontroller. The dynamic bias circuit adjusts the supply voltage Vcc according to the operating states of the B3 power amplifier and the N78 power amplifier, satisfying:

[0153] Where V base The base voltage is ΔV, and the adjustment range is ΔV. By dynamically adjusting the supply voltage, the power amplifier's performance can be optimized under different operating conditions, improving system efficiency and stability.

[0154] The advantage of this embodiment is that, through high-precision digital attenuators, filter networks, high-speed microcontrollers, and dynamic power management, efficient and stable power control can be achieved in complex environments, ensuring that the output power of the RRU unit remains stable near the design target value.

[0155] Example 9

[0156] To address the challenge of achieving comprehensive power control and environmental monitoring in distributed small cell systems, this embodiment proposes the design of a power control system. Specifically, the control system includes a baseband processing unit, a radio frequency remote unit, and an environmental monitoring unit.

[0157] Furthermore, the baseband processing unit is connected to the power control circuit via an optical fiber interface. The baseband processing unit is responsible for processing and modulating the radio frequency (RF) signal, and transmitting it to the RF remote unit via optical fiber. It is important to understand that optical fiber transmission can effectively reduce signal loss and improve transmission distance and quality.

[0158] Furthermore, the radio frequency remote unit includes the power control circuit described above, and an optical-to-electrical conversion module. The optical-to-electrical conversion module is used to convert the optical signal transmitted through the optical fiber back into a radio frequency signal, which is then processed and amplified by the power control circuit. In this way, precise power control can be achieved at the remote end.

[0159] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring unit is used to collect temperature, humidity, and vibration parameters in real time. These environmental parameters have a significant impact on power control and system stability. Through real-time monitoring and feedback, the power control strategy can be dynamically adjusted to ensure that the system can operate normally under various environmental conditions.

[0160] Furthermore, the output data from the environmental monitoring unit is transmitted to the baseband processing unit via an optical fiber interface for centralized processing and analysis. The baseband processing unit can adjust the predistortion correction and power control commands of the transmitted signal based on changes in environmental parameters, thereby improving the system's adaptability.

[0161] Example 10

[0162] To address the challenge of achieving efficient radio frequency (RF) signal transmission and processing in distributed small cell systems, this embodiment further optimizes the specific configurations of the baseband processing unit and the RF remote unit. First, the baseband processing unit includes a digital predistortion module and an optical fiber modulator. The digital predistortion module performs nonlinear correction on the transmitted signal, reducing signal distortion and improving transmission quality. The optical fiber modulator converts the RF signal into an optical signal, which is then transmitted to the RF remote unit via optical fiber. It is understood that optical fiber transmission effectively reduces signal loss and improves transmission distance and quality.

[0163] Furthermore, the radio frequency remote unit includes a photodetector and a circulator. The photodetector is used to convert the optical signal back into a radio frequency signal, and the circulator is used to isolate the transmit and receive signal paths and prevent signal crosstalk. In this way, efficient signal transmission and processing can be achieved at a remote location.

[0164] Furthermore, the baseband processing unit integrates high-speed ADC and DAC modules for sampling and reconstructing radio frequency signals. These high-speed ADC and DAC modules ensure high signal fidelity and improve the overall system performance.

[0165] Furthermore, the radio frequency remote unit also includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a filter. The LNA amplifies the received signal, while the filter removes noise and interference, improving signal purity. Through the coordinated operation of these components, high-quality signal processing and transmission can be achieved at the remote end.

[0166] Furthermore, the baseband processing unit and the radio frequency remote unit exchange data and transmit control signals via a fiber optic interface. This fiber optic interface can transmit not only radio frequency signals but also control commands and environmental monitoring data, enabling centralized management and control of the system.

[0167] The embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power control method, characterized in that, The control method includes the following steps: A radio frequency link gain model is established, and a truth table mapping the target power value to the attenuation of the variable attenuator is pre-stored in the microcontroller. The truth table includes a joint correction parameter of the temperature compensation coefficient α(T) and the environmental attenuation factor β(d). The feedback voltage signal V from the VDET pin of the power amplifier is acquired in real time via an analog-to-digital converter. det Based on the feedback voltage signal V det Calculate the current transmit power: Where K is the power conversion coefficient, V ref The reference voltage is C, and the calibration constant is C. Compare the current transmit power with the target power P target Perform dynamic comparison when: |ΔP|=|P cur -P target |≥ΔP th At that time, the multi-level adjustment mode is activated, where ΔP th The preset power deviation threshold is used; Based on the truth table, a variable attenuator control command is generated, and a composite control word containing the attenuation adjustment value ΔA and the adjustment rate parameter τ is sent via the SPI bus. The calculation expression for the adjustment rate parameter is as follows: Where τ0 is the initial adjustment rate and λ is the system time constant; During the power stabilization phase, a closed-loop verification mechanism is initiated, and the joint correction parameters are updated through an iterative algorithm, specifically satisfying the following: α(T)=α0+κ×(T-T0) 2 Where α0 and β0 are baseline parameters, and κ and ε are environmental sensitivity coefficients.

2. The power control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The feedback voltage signal V det The calculation steps include: The voltage oversampling of the VDET pin of the power amplifier is processed, and a sliding window averaging algorithm is used to eliminate high-frequency noise interference. The window length N = 2. m m is the bit width parameter of the microcontroller; Perform nonlinear compensation calculations to construct the voltage-power conversion equation: Where R is the resistance of the sensing resistor, P ref For reference power, G cal For calibrating the gain factor; An adaptive compensation algorithm is used to eliminate temperature drift error. The formula for calculating the temperature compensation amount ΔPT is: ΔP T =θ1×(TT) nom )+θ2×(TT nom ) 3 Where θ1 and θ2 are temperature sensitivity coefficients, T nom This refers to the rated operating temperature.

3. The power control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for generating the composite control word includes: Construct a dynamic adjustment equation for attenuation: Where η is the proportionality coefficient, μ is the integral coefficient, and γ is the differential coefficient; Generate SPI instructions containing a 16-bit control field. The instruction structure is as follows: [Start bit 1 bit][Opcode 4 bits][Attenuation value 8 bits][Check bit 3 bits], wherein the opcode includes a temperature compensation flag and a link selection identifier; Implement a tiered adjustment strategy. When |ΔP|≥3dB, adopt an exponential decay adjustment mode with an adjustment step size of: Switch to linear adjustment mode when |ΔP| < 3dB.

4. The power control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of updating the joint correction parameters using an iterative algorithm includes: Establish the objective function: J=ω1(P target -P cur ) 2 +ω2(ΔA) 2 +ω3τ 2 Where ω1, ω2, and ω3 are weighting coefficients; Solving for the constraints of optimal control parameters: and The parameter update equation is derived as follows: Where δ and ζ are the learning rate parameters; When the iteration number k > k max Parameter updates will terminate if |ΔP| < 0.1dB.

5. The power control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes dynamic compensation of environmental parameters, the steps of which are as follows: Real-time acquisition of ambient temperature T and fiber optic transmission distance d; Calculate the comprehensive compensation factor: F comp =1+λ1(T-T0)+λ2(d-d0)+λ3(T·d-T0·d0) where λ1, λ2, and λ3 are environmental coupling coefficients; Correct the target power value: P′ target =P arget ×[1+sign(ΔP)×F comp ]。 6. The power control method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The current transmit power and the target power P are compared. target The steps for dynamic comparison include: When ΔP > 0, an instruction to increase the attenuation amount is generated, and the over-power protection mechanism is activated at the same time. When ΔP < 0, a command to reduce attenuation is generated, and the link gain compensation program is started at the same time. In the event of a sudden power deviation, the emergency adjustment mode is activated, and the adjustment rate τ is increased to 3 times the normal value.

7. A power control circuit for implementing the power control method as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The control circuit includes: The microcontroller unit has an SPI communication interface and multiple ADC input channels; The B3 band processing module includes a first variable attenuator and a B3 power amplifier connected in series. The control terminal of the first variable attenuator is connected to the first SPI output terminal of the microcontroller. The N78 band processing module includes a second variable attenuator and an N78 power amplifier connected in series. The control terminal of the second variable attenuator is connected to the second SPI output terminal of the microcontroller. The feedback detection network includes a first voltage divider circuit connected between the VDET pin of the B3 power amplifier and the first ADC input terminal of the microcontroller, and a second voltage divider circuit connected between the VDET pin of the N78 power amplifier and the second ADC input terminal of the microcontroller. An environmental sensing module includes a temperature sensor and a distance detection unit, and the output of the environmental sensing module is connected to the third ADC input of the microcontroller.

8. The power control circuit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first and second variable attenuators are digitally controlled attenuators with an attenuation range of 0-30dB and a step accuracy of 0.25dB. The voltage divider circuit includes a π-type filter network with a cutoff frequency fc = 1 / (2πRC), where R = 1kΩ and C = 100pF; The microcontroller unit integrates a hardware multiplier module with an operation speed of no less than 50MHz; The control circuit further includes a power management module, which includes: Linear regulator, input connected to a 5V power supply, output 3.3V to the microcontroller unit; The dynamic bias circuit adjusts the supply voltage Vcc according to the operating states of the B3 and N78 power amplifiers to satisfy: Where V base ΔV is the base voltage, and ΔV is the adjustment range.

9. A power control system, characterized in that, The control system includes: The baseband processing unit is connected to the power control circuit via an optical fiber interface; The radio frequency remote unit includes the power control circuit as described in any one of claims 7-8, and the optical / electrical conversion module; The environmental monitoring unit is used to collect temperature, humidity and vibration parameters in real time.

10. The power control system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The baseband processing unit includes: A digital predistortion module is used to perform nonlinear correction on the transmitted signal; Fiber optic modulators are used to convert radio frequency signals into optical signals for transmission. The radio frequency remote unit includes: A photodetector is used to convert optical signals back into radio frequency signals; A circulator is used to isolate the path of transmitted and received signals.

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