Non-metallic strap for securing items and method of use

Abstract

The current invention relates to a nonmetallic strap for securing items, wherein said strap is comprised of a plurality of yarns having a breaking force of between (167) and (227) decanewtons (daN).

Description

[0001] NON-METALLIC STRAP FOR SECURING ITEMS AND METHOD OF USE

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention relates to the field of securing straps, specifically to the design and application of nonmetallic straps.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] The tasks of securing and / or unitizing large and heavy items require the availability of sturdy tools and materials that ensure safety and efficiency. Straps are used for preventing movement, and maintaining the stability of loads during transit or lifting. Straps find utility in industries such as freight transport, construction, and logistics, where large, heavy, or irregularly shaped objects need to be stabilized.

[0006] In freight transport, securing cargo inside containers or boxcars is critical to prevent items from shifting or falling during transit, especially with the varying forces and movements encountered during transportation. In lifting operations, straps are used to stabilize and safely lift heavy loads, ensuring that the objects remain intact and properly aligned. Additionally, in sectors such as power infrastructure, straps are required to secure components, such as windings in transformers, where exposure to harsh chemicals and environmental conditions demands materials that are both strong and resistant to degradation.

[0007] Straps must meet specific criteria such as high strength, low elongation, and resistance to environmental factors like chemicals, moisture, and temperature fluctuations to ensure they perform reliably across these diverse applications. Current solutions involve the use of steel banding and conventional polyester strapping however having some disadvantages. Steel banding, while strong, is cumbersome and time-consuming to apply, requiring specialized tools and posing significant safety risks during installation and removal due to its sharp edges. It also lacks flexibility, making it less adaptable for securing irregularly shaped loads. On the other hand, polyester straps, though easier to handle than steel, are inefficient as they require larger quantities to achieve the same securing strength and still need multiple straps to replace a single steel band. Furthermore, polyester straps can be prone to elongation under heavy loads, which compromises their effectiveness in securing cargo and can lead to shifting during transport. Additionally, polyester may be susceptible to damage from exposure to UV light,moisture, and certain chemicals, limiting their reliability in harsh environmental conditions. As a result, there is a growing demand for advanced strapping solutions that overcome these shortcomings, offering improved performance, ease of use, and safety.

[0008] Boxcars are a common means of cargo transportation, but they present a unique challenge in terms of securing the cargo within. The doors of boxcars must be protected from outward pressure which may be caused by lateral load movement of unsecured loads. The forces generated by freight can be highly variable and difficult to quantify.

[0009] Currently, the primary means of providing this protection is through the use of steel banding. However, this method is cumbersome. The application of steel banding is complex and time-consuming. Furthermore, it poses a safety risk at both the sending and receiving ends of the transport. The Association of American Railroads (AAR) has rules regarding the securing of items that have a chance to shift or tilt, but these rules are often overlooked due to the difficulties associated with applying the securing means. The lack of securement is a significant concern as it can result in cargo falling out when doors are opened or doors becoming impossible to open at all.

[0010] Despite the availability of polyester strapping or lashing products as an alternative, these too require substantial effort to apply, and more material is needed compared to steel banding. In addition, up to 3 conventional polyester straps are needed to replace one steel banding. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient, user-friendly, cost-effective and AAR-compliant solution for doorway securing that can 1 to 1 replace steel banding.

[0011] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0012] The disclosed invention relates to a nonmetallic strap for securing items, suited for protecting the doorway of a boxcar during freight transport. The strap is comprised of multiple yarns with a breaking force between 167 and 1 1 decanewtons (daN) and an elongation at break between 1.5% and 3.5%. These yarns have a linear density between 9460 to 9860 decitex (dtex) and are made of aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or vectran. The yarns are coated with a homopolymer such as polypropylene.The invention also relates to the use of the straps for securing and securing or unitizing items, namely large and / or heavy items. In embodiments, the use of the straps involves protection and securing of cargo or transportation means during freight, securing of objects during lifting operations, and holding windings within power pole transformers.

[0013] In an embodiment the invention relates to the use of the strap for protecting the doorway of a boxcar during freight transport.

[0014] The invention also relates to methods for protecting a doorway of a boxcar during freight transport using at least one nonmetallic strap. The strap can be applied in pairs or singularly, secured to the doorpost anchors of the boxcar doorway. The ends of the straps are joined, tensioned, and secured with seals or buckles. The invention provides a safer alternative to steel banding, reduces the risk of injury during application, ensures a more secure cargo transport, and promotes adherence to transport safety regulations. Moreover, the invention allows 1-to-l replacement of 11 / 4" steel banding.

[0015] DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0016] Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the displacement or flexing test of the nonmetallic strap according to the invention. The top part shows the strap in tension with no force applied. The middle part shows the strap in tension when a force of 370 daN is applied. The bottom part shows the measurement of the height of the flexing.

[0017] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention relates to a nonmetallic strap. The non metallic strap is suitable for securing or unitizing items, such as for boxcar doorway protection during freight transport. The nonmetallic straps are suitable for 1-to-l replacement of 11 / 4" steel banding, which are conventionally used for protecting boxcars doorways, but which are much more difficult and dangerous to manipulate and install.

[0019] Definitions

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, term definitions are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.

[0021] As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:

[0022] "A", "an", and "the" as used herein refers to both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. By way of example, "a compartment" refers to one or more than one compartment.

[0023] "About" as used herein referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of + / -20% or less, preferably + / -10% or less, more preferably + / -5% or less, even more preferably + / -1% or less, and still more preferably + / -0.1% or less of and from the specified value, in so far such variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" refers is itself also specifically disclosed.

[0024] "Comprise", "comprising", and "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "include", "including", "includes" or "contain", "containing", "contains" and are inclusive or open-ended terms that specifies the presence of what follows e.g. component and do not exclude or preclude the presence of additional, non-recited components, features, element, members, steps, known in the art or disclosed therein.

[0025] Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order, unless specified. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein.

[0026] The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within that range, as well as the recited endpoints.

[0027] The expression "% by weight", "weight percent", "%wt" or "wt%", here and throughout the description unless otherwise defined, refers to the relative weight of the respective component based on the overall weight of the formulation.Whereas the terms "one or more" or "at least one", such as one or more or at least one member(s) of a group of members, is clear per se, by means of further exemplification, the term encompasses inter alia a reference to any one of said members, or to any two or more of said members, such as, e.g., any >3, >4, >5, >6 or >7 etc. of said members, and up to all said members.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, definitions for the terms used in the description are included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention. The terms or definitions used herein are provided solely to aid in the understanding of the invention.

[0029] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0030] The term 'breaking force' of the yarns, as used herein is understood to mean the amount of tensile force that a material can bear before it experiences mechanical failure or breakage. It can be measured by any method known in the art for measuring breaking force, such as, ISO 2062:2009.

[0031] The, 'elongation at break' of the yarns, as use throughout the disclosure, refers to the measure of a material's ability to deform under stress before failure, expressed as a percentage of its original length. The elongation at break of a material is a crucial parameter in determining its mechanical properties, particularly its strengthand flexibility. It can be measured by any method known in the art for tensile testing, such as, ISO 2062:2009.

[0032] The term 'linear density' as used throughout the disclosure pertains to the measure of a yarn's mass in relation to its length. The metric commonly used is decitex (dtex), which quantifies the mass in grams for every 10 000 meters of the yarn. It can be measured by any method known in the art for measuring liner density, such as but not limited to ISO 2060:2016 or ASTM D1907 / D1907M-21.

[0033] System Breaking Strength (SBS) refers to the maximum force that the combined assembly of the nonmetallic strap and its corresponding buckle can withstand before failure. This measurement encompasses the collective strength of all components in the system, ensuring that the strap and buckle function cohesively under load conditions.

[0034] Maximum Securing Load (MSL) denotes the highest permissible load that can be safely applied to the strap-buckle system during regular use. It is a safety threshold, defined as a percentage of the SBS, to account for dynamic forces and potential uncertainties in real-world applications.

[0035] The SBS and MSL are measured by any method known in the art for measuring breaking strength, such as but not limited to ASTM D3759 / D3759M.

[0036] The term 'securing' as used throughout the disclosure is understood as the process of ensuring that objects, cargo, or materials are held in place and prevented from shifting, moving, or becoming dislodged during transport, handling, storage or operation. Securing involves the use of straps or other fastening devices to apply sufficient force or tension to stabilize the items and ensure their safety and integrity under various conditions, such as varying environmental factors or mechanical stresses.

[0037] The term 'unitizing' as used throughout the disclosure is understood as the process of consolidating multiple items or components into a single, cohesive unit for ease of transport, handling, storage or operation. This involves the use of straps to bind or bundle multiple items together, ensuring that they are collectively stable and manageable during movement, storage or operation, preventing separation or disorganization.The term "item" as used throughout the disclosure is understood as is understood as any object, material, or component that is to be secured, unitized, or protected using the nonmetallic strap. An item can include, but is not limited to, cargo, equipment, goods, or structural components that are subject to transport, lifting, storage, or operation where stability and protection are required.

[0038] Nonmetallic straps

[0039] The invention pertains to a nonmetallic strap for securing items, suited for boxcar doorway protection. This strap is composed of a plurality of yarns, each possessing a breaking force of between 167 and 1 1 daN. The non metallic strap is suitable for securing or unitizing large, heavy and / or irregular shaped items during transport, lifting, storage, or operation. The use of such a strap provides a reliable and secure solution for boxcar doors, effectively preventing outward pressure caused by lateral load movement of unsecured loads. The strap, being nonmetallic, eliminates the safety risks associated with conventional steel banding, which are often considered hazardous due to their sharp edges and heavyweight. The nonmetallic strap for boxcar doorway protection, as described herein offers a safer, stronger, and more reliable alternative to conventional steel banding. Moreover the nonmetallic straps allow for a 1-to-l replacement of 11 / 4" steel banding.

[0040] In a first aspect, the invention as disclosed herein relates to a nonmetallic strap for securing items such as boxcar doorway protection, wherein said strap is comprised of a plurality of yarns and wherein said strap has a displacement of between 11 and 14 cm when subjected to a force of 370 decanewtons (daN). The straps provide numerous advantages for the protection and securing of cargo during freight, securing objects during lifting operations, and holding windings within power pole transformers. Their low elongation ensures that loads remain stable and secure, reducing the risk of shifting or damage during transit or lifting. The nonmetallic straps disclosed herein are advantageous to replace conventional steel banding for boxcar doorway protection. The straps disclosed herein lead to cost efficiency by decreasing the amount of material needed for securing rail car doors compared to steel bands. The nonmetallic strap, being lighter and easier to handle than steel bands, also requires less labor and time to install, leading to further cost savings. In addition to cost efficiency, the strap ensures robust doorway protection. The specific properties of the nonmetallic straps, including their high tensile strength and controlled displacement, effectively minimize the lateral movement of cargo. This is particularly important as lateral movement or tilting of cargo may lead to damage to the cargo itself or the boxcar door. By limiting the displacement of thestrap, the risk of cargo shift or tilt is minimized, providing a more secure and safe transport solution. This specific range of displacement is a critical factor in ensuring the effectiveness of the strap in securing the boxcar doorway. It is neither too rigid to cause undue pressure on the door nor too loose to allow excessive movement of the cargo inside.

[0041] In some embodiments of the strap as disclosed herein, the displacement of said strap subjected to a force of 370 daN is between 12 cm and 13 cm, 11.25 cm and 14 cm, between 11.5 cm and 14 cm, between 11.75 cm and 14 cm, between 12 cm and 14 cm, between 12.25 cm and 14 cm, between 12.5 cm and 14 cm, between 12.75 cm and 14 cm, between 13 cm and 14 cm, between 13.25 cm and 14 cm, between 13.5 cm and 14 cm, or between 11.5 cm and 14 cm, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0042] Alternatively, the the displacement of said strap subjected to a force of 370 daN is between 11 cm and 13.75 cm, between 11 cm and 13.5 cm, between 11 cm and 13.25 cm, between 11 cm and 13 cm, between 11 cm and 12.75 cm, between 11 cm and 12.5 cm, between 11 cm and 12.25 cm, between 11 cm and 12 cm, between 11 cm and 11.75 cm, between 11 cm and 11.5 cm, or between 11 cm and 11.25 cm, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0043] In an embodiment of the strap as disclosed herein, said strap elongates between 0.2 and 0.4% when subjected to a force of 370 decanewtons (daN). This low elongation is a crucial aspect of the strap's performance. It means that the strap is able to maintain its shape and tension even when subjected to substantial forces. This is particularly beneficial in operations such as protection and securing of cargo or transportation means during freight, securing of objects during lifting operations, or holding windings within power pole transformers, where the items can exert significant forces on the straps. The low elongation of the strap ensures that the item remains stable and secure, thereby preventing any during transit, lifting, storage or operation. This significantly reduces the risk of damage to the items and enhances the overall safety and efficiency of the operation process.

[0044] Alternatively, the strap subjected to a force of 370 daN elongates between 0.25% and 0.5%, between 0.25% and 0.75%, between 0.25% and 1%, between 0.25% and 1.25%, between 0.25% and 1.5%, between 0.25% and 1.75%, between 0.25% and 2%, between 0.25% and 2.25%, between 0.25% and 2.5%, between 0.25%and 2.75%, between 0.25% and 3%, or between 0.25% and 3.25%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0045] Alternatively, the strap subjected to a force of 370 daN elongates between 0.5% and 3.5%, between 0.75% and 3.5%, between 1% and 3.5%, between 1.25% and 3.5%, between 1.5% and 3.5%, between 1.75% and 3.5%, between 2% and 3.5%, between 2.25% and 3.5%, between 2.5% and 3.5%, between 2.75% and 3.5%, between 3% and 3.5%, or between 3.25% and 3.5%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0046] In an embodiment of the strap as disclosed herein, said strap has a System Breaking Strength (SBS) of between 2900 daN and 4000 daN, between 3000 daN and 3900 daN, between 3100 daN and 3800 daN, between 3200 daN and 3700 daN, between 3300 daN and 3600 daN, or between 3400 daN and 3500 daN.

[0047] Alternatively, said strap has a SBS of between 2900 daN and 3700 daN, between 2900 daN and 3500 daN, between 2900 daN and 3400 daN, or between 2900 and 3200 daN.

[0048] Alternatively, said strap has a SBS of between 3000 daN and 4000 daN, between 3200 daN and 4000 daN, between 3400 daN and 4000 daN, or between 3800 and 4000 daN.

[0049] In an embodiment of the strap as disclosed herein, said strap has a Maximum Security Load (MSL) of between 1200 daN and 2500 daN, between 1500 daN and 2300 daN, or between 1700 daN and 2000 daN.

[0050] Alternatively, said strap has a MSL of between 1200 daN and 2200 daN, between 1200 daN and 2000 daN, between 1200 daN and 1700 daN or between 1200 daN and 1500 daN.

[0051] Alternatively, said strap has a MSL of between 1500 daN and 2500 daN, between 1700 daN and 2500 daN, between 2000 daN and 2500 daN or between 3200 daN and 2500 daN.

[0052] In an embodiment of the strap as disclosed herein, said strap is comprised of a plurality of yarns. The strap is characterized by its exceptional strength and resilience. Its ability to withstand high pressures and loads without breaking isattributed to the breaking force of the yarns used in its construction. This breaking force of the yarns, falling within the range of 167 to 227 daN, ensures that the strap maintains its structural integrity even under extreme conditions. In some embodiments, the yarns have a breaking force between 167 and 226 daN, 167 and 225 daN, 167 and 220 daN, 167 and 215 daN, 167 and 210 daN, 167 and 205 daN, 167 and 200 daN, 167 and 195 daN, 167 and 190 daN, 167 and 185 daN, 167 and 180 daN, 167 and 175 daN, 167 and 177 daN, 167 and 170 daN, or 167 and 165 daN, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0053] Alternatively, the yarns have a breaking force between 170 and 227 daN, 175 and 227 daN, 177 and 227 daN, 180 and 227 daN, 185 and 227 daN, 190 and 227 daN, 195 and 227 daN, 200 and 227 daN, 205 and 227 daN, 210 and 227 daN, 220 and 221 daN, or 225 and 221 daN, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0054] In yet other alternative embodiments, the yarns have a breaking force between 170 and 220 daN, between 177 and 217 daN, between 180 and 210 daN, or between 190 and 200 daN, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0055] In a more preferred embodiment, the yarns have a breaking force of between 177 and 217 daN, providing an optimal balance between strength and flexibility. The high breaking force of the yarns ensures that the strap remains intact and functional even under extreme conditions, such as very heavy loads or items. This is particularly advantageous when the straps are used to secure high-value items where any damage or loss could result in significant financial implications.

[0056] In an embodiment of the nonmetallic strap, as disclosed herein, the yarns have an elongation at break between 1.5% and 3.5%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break of said yarns is between 1.75% and 3.5%, 2% and 3.5%, 2.25% and 3.5%, 2.5% and 3.5%, 2.75% and 3.5%, 3% and 3.5%, or 3.25% and 3.5%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. Alternatively, the elongation at break is between 1.5% and 3.25%, 1.5% and 3%, 1.5% and 2.75%, 1.5% and 2.5%, 1.5% and 2%, or 1.5% and 1.75%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In a other embodiments, the elongation at break of the yarns is between 2% and 3%, preferably approximately 2.5%. This specific percentage provides an optimal balance between the strap's elasticity and strength, ensuring its reliable performance under different load conditions.The elongation at break of the yarns of the nonmetallic strap of the current invention plays a critical role in maintaining the high tension of the strap, thus enhancing its strength and resilience during operations such as protection and securing of cargo or transportation means during freight, securing of heavy objects during lifting operations, or holding windings within power pole transformers. This elasticity is optimized to ensure that the strap does not lose its properties under varying conditions, thus providing a reliable safeguard. Furthermore, the specific elongation at break of the yarns contributes to the strap's user-friendly application. The strap's elasticity makes it easy to apply, for example, across a standard 10-foot-wide door opening, while its strength ensures that it remains securely in place during transport. This combination of ease of application and reliable performance makes the nonmetallic strap disclosed herein a superior alternative to conventional strapping systems, such as steel banding.

[0057] In some embodiments of the nonmetallic strap, as disclosed herein, the yarns have a linear density of between 9460 and 9860 decitex (dtex), offering an optimal level of strength and durability for the strap. In some embodiments, the yarns have a linear density between 9460 dtex and 9810 dtex, 9460 dtex and 9760 dtex, 9460 dtex and 9710 dtex, 9460 dtex and 9660 dtex, 9460 dtex and 9610 dtex, 9460 dtex and 9560 dtex, or 9460 dtex and 9510 dtex, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. Alternatively, the yarns have a linear density between 9810 dtex and 9860 dtex, 9760 dtex and 9860 dtex, 9710 dtex and 9860 dtex, 9660 dtex and 9860 dtex, 9610 dtex and 9860 dtex, 9560 dtex and 9860 dtex, 9510 dtex and 9860 dtex, or 9460 dtex and 9860 dtex, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In yet another alternative embodiment, the yarns have a linear density between 9500 dtex and 9800 dtex, between 9550 dtex and 9750 dtex, or between 9600 dtex and 9700 dtex, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

[0058] The strap's performance is finely tuned due to the specific linear yarn density, providing precise control in its application and a robust resistance to pressure. This precision in performance is a direct result of the chosen linear density range of the yarns, which has been identified as a critical factor in the strap's ability to withstand the forces exerted by shifting heavy objects during transport, lifting, storage or operation. The strap's resistance to pressure is particularly significant in the context of boxcar doorway protection, where the strap must prevent unsecured loads from making contact with the car doors.In an embodiment, the nonmetallic strap as disclosed herein is made of high modulus fibers. In an embodiment of the strap, the yarns made of a material selected from aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or vectran. These materials are renowned for their high-strength and durability characteristics. When implemented in the context of the strap, they provide a significant enhancement in the strap's overall performance, particularly in terms of its durability and tension maintenance. The resultant strap thus offers a more secure and safer mode of cargo transport, reducing the risk of cargo displacement and consequential damage.

[0059] The nonmetallic straps of the disclosure offer a significant advancement over traditional steel banding methods, which are known to be cumbersome to install and pose safety risks due to their heavy weight and potential for rust and corrosion. The high-strength nonmetallic straps, in contrast, are lightweight and easy to handle, reducing the time and effort required for installation. This not only improves the efficiency of large or heavy items transport, lifting, storage or operation but also minimizes the risk of injury to workers. The nonmetallic straps are also resistant to corrosion, which is a common issue with steel banding, especially in harsh weather conditions or when exposed to certain chemicals. This resistance to corrosion contributes to the longevity of the straps, reducing the need for frequent replacements and leading to cost savings in the long run.

[0060] The use of aramide as the yarn material is particularly advantageous. Aramide is a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic-rated body armor fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute. The inherent strength and heatresistance of aramide make it an ideal material for the strap. It ensures the strap's ability to withstand high tension forces and adverse environmental conditions during cargo transport, thus ensuring the secure containment of the cargo within the boxcar. The straps as disclosed herein are also resistant to chemical degradation, including oil and other chemical exposures. This makes them particularly advantageous in applications where the straps are exposed to harsh environmental conditions. One such application is inside power pole transformers, where straps are used to hold the windings together. These windings sit in oil, which can cause degradation and erosion of traditional strapping materials over time. In contrast, the high resistance of the straps to chemical exposure, particularly to oil, ensures that the straps will not erode as quickly, maintaining their strength and stability even under prolonged exposure to transformer oils.In another embodiment, the yarns are made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. This material is characterized by its extremely high molecular mass, which results in a unique combination of properties. The high molecular weight translates to a high degree of parallel orientation with strong intermolecular-type crystal structures which result in high tensile strength. This high tensile strength is particularly advantageous in the context of the strap, as it ensures the strap's ability to resist breakage under tension. This is crucial in maintaining the securement of the items during transport, lifting, storage or operation.

[0061] In yet another embodiment, the yarns are made of vectran. Vectran fiber exhibits exceptional strength and rigidity. It is five times stronger than steel and ten times stronger than aluminum. These characteristics make it an ideal material for the strap, as it ensures the strap's ability to withstand high tension forces and maintain its structural integrity during the items during transport, lifting, storage or operation.

[0062] In a further embodiment, the strap comprises a combination of yarns made of aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and / or vectran. The combination of these high-strength materials provides a synergistic effect, enhancing the strap's overall performance in terms of its durability and tension maintenance. The use of these materials in combination also allows for the adjustment of the properties of the strap to suit specific requirements or conditions. For example, the proportion of aramide yarns can be increased to enhance the heat resistance of the strap, orthe proportion of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns can be increased to enhance the impact resistance of the strap.

[0063] In a further embodiment of the nonmetallic strap the yarns are coated. The coating enhances the tensile strength and durability of the strap. The coated yarns are thus able to withstand the considerable stresses and strains that may be exerted on the strap during transportation, particularly when lateral load movements of unsecured loads occur.

[0064] Each yarn is uniformly coated with a material that not only reinforces the yarn but also provides a protective barrier against external factors such as abrasion and weathering. The coating material is carefully chosen for its strength-enhancing properties and compatibility with the yarns. The coating process is controlled and monitored to ensure that the coating is evenly distributed along the length andcircumference of each yarn. This uniform coating contributes to the overall strength and durability of the strap.

[0065] The coating process may involve the use of heat and pressure to facilitate the bonding of the polymer to the yarns. In an embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is applied in a molten state and allowed to cool and solidify, forming a durable and resilient coating. This process can involve various techniques such as extrusion, dipping, or spraying.

[0066] A thicker coating may be applied to the yarns if the strap is expected to be used in harsh environmental conditions or if the strap is expected to withstand particularly high forces. Conversely, a thinner coating may be sufficient if the strap is to be used in less demanding conditions. The thickness of the coating can also vary depending on specific application requirements. In some embodiments, the thickness can be between 0.1 mm and 1.0 mm, more preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm, and most preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm.

[0067] By preference, the yarns of the nonmetallic strap of the current disclosure are coated with a thermoplastic polymer. The selected polymer should possess properties such as high tensile strength, good thermal stability, and excellent adhesion to the yarn material. This coating not only increases the strap's resistance to wear but also its resistance to environmental factors such as moisture and UV radiation. This, in turn, improves the reliability of the strap and reduces the need for frequent replacements, thus improving efficiency and reducing costs in the long run.

[0068] The thermoplastic polymer used for coating the yarns is a homopolymer such as polypropylene.

[0069] Polypropylene provides the strap with excellent chemical resistance, making it suitable for use in environments where the strap may come into contact with various chemicals, oils, and solvents. Moreover, polypropylene is known for its high fatigue resistance, which ensures that the strap maintains its structural integrity even after repeated use.

[0070] The yarns are assembled to form the strap in a manner that ensures a uniform distribution of the yarns and a balanced load-bearing capacity. The number of yarns per strap may vary depending on the desired width and strength of the strap. In anembodiment, the strap comprises between 2 and 20 yarns, between 2 and 16 yarns, between 5 and 16 yarns, between 10 and 12 yarns, or between 10 and 16 yarns. Alternatively, the strap comprises between 3 and 20 yarns, between 5 and 20 yarns, between 10 and 20 yarns, or between 15 and 20 yarns. Alternatively, the strap comprises between 2 and 15 yarns, between 2 and 10 yarns, between 2 and 15 yarns, between 2 and 10 yarns, or between 2 and 5 yarns.

[0071] The use of multiple yarns provides a robust structure that can withstand high-tension forces, which is a critical requirement in the context of heavy or large items transport, lifting, storage or operation. The number of yarns used in the strap can be adjusted according to the specific requirements of the application, providing a degree of flexibility in the design of the strap.

[0072] More specifically, in an embodiment where the strap comprises 2 yarns, the strap provides a minimum level of strength and durability while maintaining a relatively lightweight and compact form.

[0073] In another embodiment, the strap comprises 10 yarns. This configuration provides a balance between strength and flexibility, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. The use of 10 yarns provides a significant increase in the strap's resistance to tension forces, while still maintaining a manageable size and weight.

[0074] In yet another embodiment, the strap comprises 16 yarns or more. Despite the increase in size and weight associated with the use of 20 yarns, the enhanced performance characteristics of the strap in this configuration may justify the tradeoff in certain applications.

[0075] Furthermore, the use of multiple yarns in the strap allows for the potential incorporation of different types of yarns in the same strap, thereby enabling the properties of the strap to be fine-tuned according to the specific requirements of the application. For instance, yarns made of different materials or having different physical properties could be combined in the same strap to provide a composite strap with a unique set of characteristics.

[0076] It is preferred that the yarns are disposed parallel into the strap and embaded into the thermoplastic polymer coating.In all the above embodiments, the width of the strap may vary between 25 mm and 40 mm, between 28 mm and 35 mm, or between 30 mm and 33 mm. The width of the strap is an important factor as it influences the strap's ability to distribute tension forces across its surface. A wider strap provides a larger surface area for tension distribution, thus reducing the risk of strap breakage under high tension forces. The width of the strap plays also a crucial role in determining the force resistance it can provide against the outward movement of the load. A strap with a width falling within the range of the disclosure is able to withstand substantial lateral pressure, ensuring that the load remains secure and the boxcar door remains protected.

[0077] It should be noted that while the preferred ranges and specific widths mentioned above have been found to offer optimal performance, the invention is not limited to these. The width of the strap can be adjusted according to the specific requirements of the application, the nature of the load, and the dimensions of the boxcar doorway. Therefore, the invention encompasses all variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0078] Methods

[0079] The invention as disclosed herein relates also to the use of the straps for securing or unitizing items. In embodiments, the invention relates to the use of the strap for securing or unitizing large, heavy and / or irregular shaped items that are cumbersome to manipulate and transport.

[0080] In some embodiments, the strap is used for securing or unitizing items have a weight of at least 1.73 tonnes. In embodiments, said strap is used for securing or unitizing items have a weight of at least 0.5 tonnes, 0.75 tonnes, 1 tonne, 1.25 tonnes, 1.5 tonnes, 1.7 tonnes, 1.73 tonnes, 1.75 tonnes, 2 tonnes, 2.25 tonnes or 2.5 tonnes. Non-limiting examples of heavy or large items that are secured or unitized using the strap discloses herein are: boxcar doors, cargo, shipping containers, bulk goods, heavy machinery, industrial equipment, steel or concrete beams, pipes, or profiles, concrete blocks, pre-cast panels, glass panels, large components used in power generation, such as windings, turbines or transformers, large-scale infrastructure components like bridge sections or heavy pipes, automotive or aerospace parts that require stabilization during transport or assembly.In an embodiment of the invention as disclosed herein, said strap is used for protection and securing of cargo or transportation means during freight, for securing of objects during lifting operations, or for holding windings within power pole transformers. In some embodiments of the use, said lifting operations are selected from the group comprising crane lifting operations, forklift operations, hoist operations, rigging operations, and loading and / or unloading during freight operations.

[0081] The straps disclosed herein are very strong, with a breaking force of between 167 and 1 1 (daN) which qualifies them for heavy duty operations ensuring safety and reliability.

[0082] The straps disclosed herein, elongating only 0.2 to 0.4% when subjected to a force of 370 daN, are able to maintain its shape and tension even when subjected to substantial forces such as those produced by heavy items. This makes them particularly useful for lifting operations, for example claw lifting, where for polyester straps are failing due to the elongation at the bottom that results in the releasing of the object held.

[0083] The straps as disclosed herein are also resistant to chemical degradation, including oil exposures making them particularly when used to hold together windings within power pole transformers. These windings sit in oil, which can cause degradation and erosion of traditional strapping materials over time. In contrast, the strap of the invention will not erode as quickly as conventional straps, maintaining their strength and stability even under prolonged exposure to transformer oils.

[0084] In an embodiment, the strap as disclosed herein is used protecting the doorway of a boxcar during freight transport.

[0085] In some embodiments, the present disclosure related to a method of boxcar doorway protection during freight transport using at least one nonmetallic strap according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the strap is made of multiple yarns of a material selected from aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or vectran.

[0086] The straps used with the method as disclosed herein are made of a plurality of yarns, which are known for their high breaking force and low elongation at break. This makes them highly resistant to forces that may be exerted on them during transit,thereby ensuring that the boxcar door remains securely closed. The straps can be made of a variety of materials, including but not limited to aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and vectran. These materials are known for their high tensile strength and durability, making them ideal for use in this application.

[0087] In a further embodiment, the straps used with the method as disclosed herein are coated with a thermoplastic polymer. This coating enhances the durability of the straps and protects them from environmental factors that may degrade their strength over time. The thermoplastic polymer may be a homopolymer, such as polypropylene. These materials are known for their excellent mechanical properties, including high tensile modulus of elasticity and tensile stress at yield, which further enhance the strength and durability of the straps.

[0088] In a further embodiment, the straps used with the method disclosed herein comprise between 2 and 20 yarns. This range provides a balance between strength and flexibility, allowing the straps to withstand high forces while still being easy to handle and apply. The straps may be weaved or braided, providing additional strength and durability. The width of the straps in this embodiment is between 25 mm and 40 mm, providing a wide surface area for securing the boxcar door while still being manageable and easy to apply.

[0089] In an embodiment of the method, as disclosed herein, pairs of straps comprising a first strap and a second strap each having ends are used, wherein each strap in the pair is secured to a doorpost anchor of the doorway and wherein said doorposts are opposite each other. This arrangement provides a robust and effective means of securing the boxcar door against outward pressure that may be generated by lateral loads during transit. The method of using pairs of straps in this embodiment provides a highly effective and reliable means of boxcar doorway protection. It offers a significant improvement over conventional methods, which often rely on single straps that may be more prone to failure. This method is not only more reliable, but it also offers significant advantages in terms of ease of application and costeffectiveness, making it a preferred choice for securing boxcar doors during freight transport.

[0090] In a further embodiment of the method of securing boxcar doorway protection using pairs of straps, wherein the ends of the first strap are joined, tensioned and secured with seals or buckles to the ends of the second strap in the pair. This method provides a robust and efficient means of ensuring the safety and security of freightduring transport. The joining of the strap ends, followed by their tensioning and securing, forms a firm barrier that effectively limits lateral load movement, thus preventing the freight from coming into contact with the car doors. This is particularly advantageous as it reduces the risk of freight displacement and potential damage during transit, thereby promoting adherence to transport safety regulations.

[0091] Through the implementation of this method, the application of boxcar doorway protection becomes a more streamlined and efficient process. The use of a pair of straps, joined, tensioned and secured with seals or buckles, eliminates the need for multiple straps or complex securing mechanisms. This not only simplifies the application process but also reduces the time and effort required, thereby promoting greater adherence to transport safety regulations. Furthermore, the robustness and reliability of the protection provided by this method contribute to improved freight safety and security during transport, thereby reducing the risk of damage and associated costs.

[0092] In another embodiment of the method of boxcar doorway protection, singular straps are used, wherein a first end of one strap is looped around a first door post of the doorway and a second end of said strap is looped around a second post of the doorway, and wherein said doorposts are opposite each other. This configuration of the strap around the doorposts provides a significant enhancement in the stability of the cargo during transit.

[0093] The singular strap, when looped around the opposite doorposts, forms a barrier that prevents the cargo from shifting or tilting. This is a significant advantage as it greatly reduces the potential for cargo shift or tilt during transit, which is a common issue in freight transport. The reduction in cargo shift and tilt not only enhances the overall safety of the cargo transport but also reduces the likelihood of product damage. This is a significant improvement over conventional methods of cargo securing, which often involve the use of multiple straps that can be less effective in preventing cargo shift and tilt.

[0094] In a further embodiment of the method disclosed herein that used singular straps, each end of said strap is threaded through a doorpost anchor. The threading of the strap ends through the doorpost anchors ensures that the strap is securely held in place, effectively limiting the lateral load movement to less than the depth of the boxcar doorposts, which is typically 5 inches.In yet a further embodiment of the method disclosed herein that used singular straps, the ends of the strap are joined, tensioned and secured with seals or buckles. The seals or buckles can be made of a durable material, such as metal or high-strength plastic, and can be designed to be easily fastened and unfastened for ease of use.

[0095] In some embodiments, the singular strap is of a specific length, which can vary depending on the width of the doorpost and the size of the cargo. The length of the strap can be between 1 meter and 5 meters, more preferably between 2 meters and 4 meters, and most preferably between 3 meters and 3.5 meters. This allows for the strap to be looped around the doorposts with sufficient tension to provide effective cargo securing.

[0096] This method of boxcar doorway protection using singular straps provides a significant improvement over conventional methods, offering enhanced cargo securing, improved safety, and reduced product damage.

[0097] The tensioning of the straps both for the pair straps method and the singular strap method is critical to the effectiveness of the doorway protection. The tensioning process involves pulling the straps tight across the doorway, thereby creating a firm and unyielding barrier against lateral load movement. The degree of tension applied to the straps can vary depending on the specific requirements of the freight being transported. In some embodiments, the tension applied to the straps may be between 500 and 1000 lbs., more preferably between 700 and 900 lbs., and most preferably around 825 lbs. This range of tension provides optimal resistance to outward movement, thereby ensuring the stability of the freight during transport. The seals or buckles serve to lock the tensioned straps in place, thereby preventing any slippage or loosening that could compromise the effectiveness of the protection. The type of seals or buckles used can vary depending on the specific needs of the application. In some embodiments, the seals or buckles may be made of metal, such as steel or aluminium, while in other embodiments, they may be made of durable plastic materials. Regardless of the material used, the seals or buckles are designed to withstand the forces exerted by the tensioned straps, thereby ensuring the longterm stability and integrity of the doorway protection.

[0098] In an embodiment, the method for protecting a doorway of a boxcar during freight transport as disclosed herein, utilizes multiple pairs of nonmetallic straps or multiplesingular straps. In an embodiment, at least 1 single strap or pair is used, preferably at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 single straps or pairs are used. The use of multiple straps, whether in pairs or singular, enhances the load securing and reduces the risk of load shifting in transit. This ensures safer and more efficient transportation. It would be obvious to the skilled person that the number of single straps or pairs of straps depends on the type of freight transported and the type of boxcar.

[0099] The nonmetallic straps according to the invention are suitable to replace 1-to-l the 11 / 4" steel banding conventionally used for doorway protection. This is not possible with regular nonmetallic lashing available where at least 3 nonmetallic straps replace one steel band.

[0100] Kits

[0101] The current disclosure also relates to kits for protecting the doorways of boxcars during freight transport comprising one or more singular or pair of nonmetallic straps according to any of the previous embodiments and one or more seals or buckles.

[0102] The nonmetallic straps are a safer alternative to the traditional steel banding, reducing the risk of injury during the application process. It provides a reliable means of protecting the doorway of boxcars during freight transport. The straps simplify the application process, contributing to enhanced safety and can replace 1-to-1 steel banding.

[0103] The nonmetallic straps are comprised of a plurality of yarns having a breaking force of between 167 and 227 decanewtons (daN). In a more preferred embodiment, the yarns have a breaking force of between 177 and 217 decanewtons (daN). The yarns have an elongation at a break between 1.5% and 3.5%. In a most preferred embodiment, the yarns have a linear density between 9460 to 9860 decitex (dtex). The yarns can be made of a material selected from aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or vectran. The yarns are preferably coated with a thermoplastic polymer, more preferably with a homopolymer, and most preferably with polypropylene.

[0104] The kit's strap is formed by weaving or braiding between 2 and 20 yarns, preferably between 4 and 16 yarns, and most preferably between 8 and 12 yarns. The straphas a width between 25 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 28 mm and 36 mm, and most preferably between 30 mm and 34 mm.

[0105] The kit also includes one or more seals or buckles for securing the straps. The seals or buckles are designed to securely fasten the straps to the boxcar doorposts, ensuring the stability of the load during transport. The seals or buckles can be made of a variety of materials, including but not limited to metal, plastic, or a combination thereof. The seals or buckles are designed to withstand the forces exerted by the load during transport, ensuring the safety and integrity of the boxcar and its contents.

[0106] In conclusion, the kit for protecting the doorways of boxcars during freight transport provides a safer, more reliable, and more user-friendly solution to the problem of load shifting during transport. The use of nonmetallic straps, in combination with the seals or buckles, provides a highly effective means of securing the load, reducing the risk of injury and damage to the boxcar and its contents.

[0107] However, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to its application to boxcars. The nonmetallic straps and the method according to the invention can be applied in protecting and securing cargo in all sorts of means of transportation such as aeroplanes, containers, trailers, boats, etc.

[0108] EXAMPLES

[0109] The invention is further described by the following non-limiting examples which further illustrate the invention, and are not intended to, nor should they be interpreted to, limit the scope of the invention.

[0110] The present invention will now be further exemplified with reference to the following examples. The present invention is in no way limited to the given examples or to the embodiments presented in the figures.

[0111] Example 1. Manufacturing of nonmetallic straps

[0112] A nonmetallic strap was manufactured using 16 yarns of aramide material, each with a breaking force of about 197 daN and a linear density of 9660 dtex. The aramide yarn bobbins were placed on the yarn creel and flown through the extruder head. The thermoplastic polymer was melted and mixed by the extruder in parallel.The aramide yarns were coated with the melted polymer by the extruder head. The strap formation was achieved by a nozzle attachment at the head of the extruder. Afterwards, the hot strap was cooled down in a water bath and was finally rolled in a winder.

[0113] Example 2. Nonmetallic strap displacement test

[0114] A lab setup was used that mimics the displacement of the nonmetallic straps during the use for protection of 10 ft wide door openings, while the strap is attached to a permanent doorpost.

[0115] A nonmetallic strap having 366 cm in length was obtained according to Experiment 1. The strap was fixed at each end and a force of 370 daN was applied in the middle of the nonmetallic strap. The height of the displacement or flexing of the material was measured. For the nonmetallic strap according to example 1, the flexing was around 12.5 cm (Figure 1) which in real-life working conditions corresponds to a lateral movement of a load of 825 lbs to less than 5 inches, effectively preventing freight contact with the car doors and ensuring safe transportation of goods. The elongation of the strap during the test was about 0.3%

[0116] Example 3. Replacement of steel banding with nonmetallic straps

[0117] A test was carried out to identify the number of nonmetallic straps suitable for replacing conventional l1 / 4 in x 0.029 steel banding in boxcar doorway protection.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A nonmetallic strap for securing an item, wherein said strap is comprised of a plurality of yarns and wherein said strap has a displacement of between 11 and 14 cm when subjected to a force of 370 decanewtons (daN).

2. The strap according to claim 1, wherein said strap elongates between 0.2 and 0.4% when subjected to a force of 370 decanewtons (daN)3. The strap according to any of the claims 1 or 2, wherein said strap is comprised of a plurality of yarns having a breaking force of between 167 and 1 1 decanewtons (daN).

4. The strap according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein said yarns have an elongation at a break between 1.5% and 3.5%.

5. The strap according to any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein said yarns have a linear density between 9460 to 9860 decitex (dtex).

6. The strap according to any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the yarns are made of a material selected from aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or vectran.

7. The strap according to any of the claims 1 to 6, wherein said yarns are coated.

8. The strap according to claim 7, wherein said yarns are coated with a thermoplastic polymer.

9. The strap according to claim 8, wherein said yarns are coated with polypropylene.

10. The strap, according to any of the claims 1 to 9, wherein said strap comprises between 2 and 20 yarns.

11. The strap according to any of the claims 1 to 10, wherein said strap has a width between 25 mm and 40 mm.

12. Use of a strap according to any of the claims 1 to 11, for securing or unitizing items.

13. Use according to claim 12 wherein said items have a weight of at least 1.73 tonnes.

14. Use according to claims 12 or 13, wherein said securing or unitizing is selected from the group comprising: protection and securing of cargo or transportation means during freight, securing of objects during lifting operations, holding windings within power pole transformers.

15. Use according to claim 14, wherein said protection involves protecting the doorway of a boxcar during freight transport.

16. Use according to claim 14, wherein said lifting operations are selected from the group comprising: crane lifting operations, forklift operations, hoist operations, rigging operations, and loading and / or unloading during freight operations.

17. A method for protecting a doorway of a boxcar during freight transport using at least one nonmetallic strap according to claim 1, wherein the strap is made of multiple yarns of a material selected from aramide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, or vectran.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein pairs of straps comprising a first strap and a second strap each having ends are used, wherein each strap in the pair is secured to a doorpost anchor of the doorway and wherein said doorposts are opposite each other.

19. The method according to any of the claims 17 or 18, wherein the ends of the first strap are joined, tensioned and secured with seals or buckles to the ends of the second strap in the pair.

20. The method according to any of the claims 17 to 19, wherein singular straps are used, wherein a first end of one strap is looped around a first door post of the doorway and a second end of said strap is looped around a second post of the doorway, and wherein said doorposts are opposite each other.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein each end of said strap is threaded through a doorpost anchor.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the ends of the strap are joined, tensioned and secured with seals or buckles.

23. The method according to claim 17, where multiple pairs of straps or multiple singular straps are used.

24. A kit for protecting the doorways of boxcars during freight transport comprising one or more singular or pair of nonmetallic straps according to claims 1 to 11 and one or more seals or buckles.

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