Pressure compensation element (PCE) comprising a c2-, c3- or c4-fluoropolymer- or -copolymer-coated membrane

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure compensation element comprising a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fibre structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the surface element is coated with a C2-, C3- or C4-fluoropolymer or -copolymer. The invention also relates to a method for producing a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fibre structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the method comprises the step of coating the porous surface element with a C2-, C3- or C4-fluoropolymer or -copolymer, using a method selected from the group consisting of dip bath coating, spray coating, knife coating, roller application and a combination thereof.

Description

[0001] P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO January 23, 2026

[0002] - 1 -

[0003] Description

[0004] Pressure equalization element (PEE) with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer coated membrane

[0005] The invention relates to a pressure equalization element comprising a porous surface element, preferably a membrane or a woven or non-woven fiber structure element, wherein the surface element is coated with a C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer. The invention further relates to a method for producing the porous surface element coated according to the invention.

[0006] Pressure equalization elements (PEEs) are used, for example, in the automotive industry, where they are glued or welded onto the housings of electronic components. This is because electronic components heat up during operation, and to prevent overpressure inside the housing, the heated air must escape. At the same time, the pressure equalization element must protect the electronic component from the ingress of liquids such as water, gasoline, or oil, as this can lead to a malfunction.

[0007] The core element of the pressure equalization element is a membrane that is permeable to gases such as air or water vapor, but repels liquids. To repel liquids with very low surface tension (such as...)

[0008] (oils or gasoline) the membrane is coated with a fluorine-containing polymer.

[0009] In the past, membranes were coated with polymers that, for example, had a fully fluorinated carbon chain with eight carbon atoms (CsFn chain, "C8 compounds") in the polymer's side chain. However, these polymers degrade, at least partially, in the environment to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Because PFOA is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic, PFOA, its salts, and PFOA-related substances were banned under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.

[0010] Subsequently, the industry switched to polymers that, for example, have a fully fluorinated carbon chain with 6 carbon atoms (CeFis chain, “C6-P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0011] - 2 -

[0012] These polymers contain compounds in their side chain. However, these polymers degrade, at least partially, to perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) in the environment. Because PFHxA exhibits a combination of hazardous properties, PFHxA, its salts, and PFHxA-related substances were banned in the EU in 2024 for specific applications, such as in the textile sector. However, these substances remain permitted for use in pressure equalization elements. Nevertheless, this C6 chemistry is subject to notification requirements in the IMDS (International Material Data System) according to the GADSL (Global Automotive Declarable Substance List). Since an increasing number of automotive customers want to avoid fluorine-containing components or even refuse to accept C6-containing components altogether, this leads to difficulties in the supply chain.

[0013] Therefore, there is a need for pressure equalization elements with fluorine-containing coatings for membranes that are less harmful to humans and the environment.

[0014] The foregoing problem is solved by providing a pressure equalization element comprising a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element, and a combination thereof, wherein the surface element is coated with a C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer. A further solution is the provision of a method for producing the porous surface element coated according to the invention.

[0015] C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymers or copolymers are compounds with a fully fluorinated carbon chain with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms.

[0016] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluorosilane polymer or copolymer, preferably based on a monomer of the general formula RSi(OR')3, wherein R = CH2CH2(CF2) n CF3, R'= Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu, n = 1, 2 or 3, or wherein R = (CH2)xNHCOCFCF3O(CF2CFCF3O) y CF2CF2CF3, x = 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably x = 3, y = 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably y = 4, R' = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu, preferably R' = Me, particularly preferably x = 3, y = 3 and R' = Me; or having the structure selected from the group consisting of XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CONH(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3 and m / n = 1.5 - 2.5, 2 < nP2025.0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0017] - 3 -

[0018] < 5, 5 < m <9 (Fluorolink S10, Mw = 1750-1950 g / mol); and CF3CF2CF2O-(CF2CF2CF2O)n-CF2CF2X, where X = CH2CH2Si(OR)3, n = 10 to 30 and R = CH3 or C2H5(Optool DSX).

[0019] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluoroacrylate polymer or copolymer, preferably based on a monomer of the general formula H2C=C(R)-COO-CH2CH2(CF2) n CF3, where R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF3 and n = 1 or 3, or the general formula H2C=C(R)-COO-C m H₂mCF₂CF₂CF₃, where m = 17 or 22. These fluoroacrylate monomers can be copolymerized with a fluorine-free acrylate monomer such as stearyl acrylate.

[0020] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), preferably comprising a function selected from the group consisting of alcohol, carboxylic acid, amide and a combination thereof, further preferably having the structure selected from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n-CF2X, where X = CH2OH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OCOCH=CH2 and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fluorolink AD 1700); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, wherein X = CONHCISH37 and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fluorolink A10). The foregoing “short” polymers and copolymers may also be referred to as oligomers, but according to the invention they fall under the term polymers and copolymers.

[0021] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), wherein structures selected from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC) are excluded.

[0022] In one embodiment, the C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluorinated polymer produced under the PECVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026) process.

[0023] - 4 -

[0024] deposition) from fluorinated C3 hydrocarbons, preferably hexafluoropropene or octafluoropropane.

[0025] Preferably, the porous surface element exhibits an oil repellency rating of 4 to 8, preferably 5 to 7, according to the AATCC 118-2013 standard (Oil Repellency: Hydrocarbon Resistance Test). This ensures very good repellency against liquids with low surface tension, such as gasoline and oils.

[0026] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is selected from the group consisting of ultrasonically welded pressure equalization element, adhesive pressure equalization element, pressure equalization element in the nameplate, pressure equalization element HighProtect and pressure equalization element HighProtect DC.

[0027] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached to the housing opening of a component.

[0028] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached into the housing opening of a component, except.

[0029] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is a combination of a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked, or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached to the housing opening of a component, and a porous surface element coated with a C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element, and a combination thereof, wherein the C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), wherein structures from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O]n-CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, wherein XP2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0030] - 5 -

[0031] = CH2OH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC) are selected, except.

[0032] In one embodiment, the porous surface element is a membrane and preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and a combination thereof.

[0033] In one embodiment, the membrane comprises a carrier nonwoven, preferably comprising or further preferably consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, wherein the membrane preferably has a thickness of 5 to 50 pm and the carrier nonwoven preferably has a thickness of 50 to 300 pm.

[0034] In one embodiment, the membrane does not include a carrier fleece and preferably has a thickness of 50 pm to 350 pm, in particular about 300 pm.

[0035] In one embodiment, the porous surface element consists of a woven or non-woven fiber structure element such as a nonwoven fabric or a textile, or a combination of woven and non-woven fiber structure elements.

[0036] The invention further relates to a method for producing a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the method comprises the step of coating the porous surface element with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, preferably as defined in one of claims 2 to 6, by a method selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating, doctor blade application, roller application and a combination thereof.

[0037] Pressure equalization elements with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer-coated membrane are less environmentally friendly in their manufacture and in the final product. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0038] - 6 -

[0039] They are more problematic for health than, for example, products containing fluorine-containing C8 or C6 compounds. Therefore, their use can trigger the notification requirement of

[0040] Global Automotive Declarable Substance List (GADSL) and the associated supply chain problems can be avoided.

[0041] Exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. The invention is not limited to the following exemplary embodiments. The features of the individual exemplary embodiments can be combined as desired.

[0042] The figures are not necessarily to scale. Similar elements may be marked with the same reference symbol.

[0043] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a pressure equalization element (PEE) with a membrane coated with C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, wherein the membrane is applied and attached directly to an object.

[0044] Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a pressure equalization element (PEE) with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer coated membrane in the form of an adhesive label, wherein the membrane is attached to a recess of an adhesive label and is glued to an object together with the adhesive label.

[0045] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a pressure equalization element (DAE) with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer coated membrane in the form of a label (DAE HighProtect), wherein the membrane has been integrated into the label.

[0046] Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a pressure equalization element (DAE) with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer coated membrane in the form of a label (DAE HighProtect DC), wherein the membrane has been integrated into the label.

[0047] Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a pressure equalization element (PEE) with a C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer coated membrane, wherein the membrane is integrated into a sealing device for sealed housings. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0048] - 7 -

[0049] Figure 6 schematically shows the principle of immersion coating for the production of a membrane coated according to the invention.

[0050] The pressure equalization element according to the invention comprises a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the surface element is coated with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer.

[0051] The pressure equalization element according to the invention, comprising the coated porous surface element, is permeable to gases such as air or water vapor, but repels liquids. Furthermore, the coating according to the invention causes liquids with a very low surface tension (such as oils or gasoline) to be repelled.

[0052] The pressure equalization element according to the invention, with a membrane coated with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, is less environmentally and health-problematic in its manufacture and in the final product than, for example, products with fluorine-containing C8 or C6 compounds and therefore avoids the notification requirement of the Global Automotive Declarable Substance List (GADSL) and the associated supply chain problems.

[0053] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer is a fluorosilane polymer or copolymer, preferably based on a monomer of the general formula RSi(OR')3, wherein R = CH2CH2(CF2) n CF3, R'= Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu, n = 1, 2 or 3, , or wherein R = (CH2)xNHCOCFCF3O(CF2CFCF3O) y CF2CF2CF3, x = 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably x = 3, y = 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably y = 4, R' = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu, preferably R' = Me, particularly preferably x = 3, y = 3 and R' = Me; or having the structure selected from the group consisting of XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CONH(CH2)3Si(OC2Hs)3 and m / n = 1.5 -2.5, 2 < n < 5, 5 < m <9 (Fluorolink S10, Mw = 1750-1950 g / mol); and CF3CF2CF2O-(CF2CF2CF2O) n -CF2CF2X, where X = CJLCJLSi OR n = 10 to 30 and R = CH3 or C2H5 (Optool DSX). P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO January 23, 2026

[0054] - 8 -

[0055] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer is a fluorosilane polymer or copolymer based on a monomer of the general formula RSi(OR')s, wherein R = CH2CH2CH2NHCOCFCF3OCF2CFCF3OCF2CFCF3OCF2CFCF3OCF2CFCF3OCF2CF2CF3 (see Formula 1).

[0056] Formula 1:

[0057]

[0058] The C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymers or copolymers used according to the invention in this embodiment, wherein a fluorosilane polymer or copolymer is bonded to a Si(OR)3 unit, are, unlike most perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), soluble not only in relatively expensive fluorine-containing solvents but also in commonly used industrial solvents, which is advantageous from an environmental and manufacturing process perspective. For example, in Germany, when working with fluorine-containing solvents, vapors produced must be condensed or absorbed to prevent them from entering the environment, which requires expensive and complex equipment.

[0059] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluoroacrylate polymer or copolymer, preferably based on a monomer of the general formula H2C=C(R)-COO-CH2CH2(CF2) nCF3, where R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF3 and n = 1 or 3, or the general formula H2C=C(R)-COO-C m H2mCF2CF2CF2CF3, where m = 17 or 22.

[0060] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), preferably comprising a function selected from the group consisting of alcohol, carboxylic acid, amide and a combination thereof, further preferably having the structure selected from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OCOCH=CH2P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0061] - 9 -

[0062] and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fluorolink AD 1700); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CONHCisFF? and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fluorolink A 10).

[0063] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), wherein structures selected from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CEEOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC) are excluded.

[0064] In one embodiment, the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluorinated polymer produced from fluorinated C3 hydrocarbons, preferably hexafluoropropene or octafluoropropane, using PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition).

[0065] Preferably, the porous surface element has a degree of oil repellency according to the standard AATCC 118-2013 (Oil Repellency: Hydrocarbon Resistance Test) of 4 to 8, preferably of 5 to 7.

[0066] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is selected from the group consisting of ultrasonically welded pressure equalization element, adhesive pressure equalization element, pressure equalization element in the nameplate, pressure equalization element HighProtect and pressure equalization element HighProtect DC.

[0067] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached to the housing opening of a component.

[0068] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked, or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached to the housing opening of a component, except for P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0069] - 10 -

[0070] In one embodiment, the pressure equalization element is a combination of a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked, or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached to the housing opening of a component, and a porous surface element coated with a C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element, and a combination thereof, wherein the C2, C3, or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), wherein structures from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n-CF2X, where X = COOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC) are selected, except.

[0071] In one embodiment, the porous surface element is a membrane and preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and a combination thereof.

[0072] In one embodiment, the membrane comprises a carrier nonwoven, preferably comprising or further preferably consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, wherein the membrane preferably has a thickness of 5 to 50 pm and the carrier nonwoven preferably has a thickness of 50 to 300 pm.

[0073] In one embodiment, the membrane does not include a carrier fleece and preferably has a thickness of 250 pm to 350 pm, in particular about 300 pm.

[0074] The invention further relates to a method for producing a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the method includes the step of coating the porous surface element with a C2-,P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0075] - 11 -

[0076] C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, preferably as defined in any one of claims 2 to 6, comprising a method selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating, doctor blade application, roller application and a combination thereof.

[0077] Thus, from the components fluorosilane, possibly fluorine-free silane (Si(OR')4, R'=Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu to produce a corresponding copolymer), water and catalyst (acid or base) in

[0078] A coating solution is prepared using a solvent (e.g., methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-butanol, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone) and then placed in a

[0079] A membrane is coated in an immersion bath. The coated membrane can then be used, for example, to create a pressure equalization element by applying an adhesive or by integrating the membrane into a more complex film structure.

[0080] Figure 1 shows an embodiment according to the invention, wherein a membrane (with and without carrier fleece) is joined using an adhesive or by welding (e.g.

[0081] ultrasonic welding) was applied and attached directly to an object (e.g. an electronics housing).

[0082] In detail, a membrane disc 1 comprising the membrane according to the invention is applied and fastened over the ventilation opening 3 of a component 4 by means of a tightly surrounding adhesive 2.

[0083] The membrane is a surface element according to the invention, which is coated on one or both of its planar surfaces (in the image the bottom and top) with the SFs polymer or copolymer.

[0084] Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a label according to an embodiment of the invention, which has a base layer 10, one side of which is coated with adhesive 2. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0085] - 12 -

[0086] The basic structure of the label is known from German patent application DE 19653890 B4. The label has a recess 3, which is formed as a circular cutout in Figure 1 and to which the membrane 1 coated according to the invention (on one or both sides) is assigned, which completely covers the recess 3.

[0087] Particularly noteworthy in connection with Figure 2 is the fact that the coating of the base layer 10 with adhesive 2 is selected in such a way that the functionality of the recess 3 with membrane 1 as a pressure equalization or

[0088] The ventilation element is not impaired in any way. In Figure 2, this means that the base layer 10 in the area of ​​the recess 3 is not coated with adhesive 2.

[0089] Membrane 1 exhibits selective permeability with respect to different substances. This means that Membrane 1 functions as a selective separation medium, permeable to gas and impermeable to liquid. In any case, in addition to the aforementioned pressure equalization, Membrane 1 offers...

[0090] The ventilation function also includes the function of protection against, for example, solid components, dust particles, and the like.

[0091] In Figure 2, the membrane 1 is arranged on the adhesive-coated side of the base layer 10, and an adhesive 5 is associated with the membrane 1. Since the membrane 1 is arranged on the adhesive-coated side of the base layer 10, the adhesive 5 is provided on the side of the membrane 1 facing away from the adhesive-coated side of the base layer 10, and the adhesive 5 is an adhesive.

[0092] In this context, it is worth mentioning that the base layer 10 can consist of a material that can be marked and / or engraved with a laser beam. Such laser-markable and / or engravable films can be designed for rapid and cost-effective production, requiring only a few lamination steps, and can be easily processed further while maintaining high product quality. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that laser-markable and / or engravable films are available on the market that produce virtually no emissions that are hazardous to health or the environment during laser marking and / or engraving, and comply with P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0093] - 13 -

[0094] They offer excellent inherent protection of the printed image against chemical and / or mechanical stresses. This opens up flexible and diverse application possibilities for the processor and / or end user, despite the simple structure, not least with regard to the possibility of subsequent printing by the processor and / or end user, especially the customer. Alternatively, the base layer 10 can also be printed using printing processes such as screen printing, flexographic printing, or inkjet printing.

[0095] In the case of the label according to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, it has proven advantageous if the base layer 10 is a film.

[0096] For example, a plastic should be chosen, such as polyester, with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) proving particularly suitable in practice.

[0097] Figure 3 is a sectional view of a label according to an embodiment of the invention with an integrated membrane according to the invention.

[0098] The basic structure of the label is known from EP 1630769 Bl (DAE HighProtect).

[0099] A top label 21 of the label shown in Figure 3 is equipped with a marking 22 in the form of a barcode and a type number. The marking 22 can be printed or produced by laser marking. A laser-markable film structure of the top label can be produced, for example, from an at least partially transparent top film, a laser-ablatable layer (e.g., sputtered metallization), and a contrast layer.

[0100] The function of a contrast layer can also be performed by a sub-label 26, which is arranged under the top label 21.

[0101] The lower label 26 and the upper label 21 are preferably joined by an adhesive layer 25. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0102] - 14 -

[0103] Where a gas exchange opening 3 of a component 4 is located during intended use, a recess 23 is provided in the sub-label 26, which extends into two channels 24. The channels 24 open into the environment at the edge of the label. Because the channels 24 are advantageously oriented in two different directions, liquid can flow out of the channel system regardless of the spatial orientation of the housing to which the label is intended to be affixed.

[0104] In the area of ​​the recess 23 and extending slightly beyond it, a gas-permeable membrane 1 with a coating according to the invention is arranged. The membrane can also extend over the entire underside of the label. In the case of a self-adhesive version on the underside, the membrane must then be largely free of adhesive in the area of ​​the gas exchange opening 3 in order to maintain its gas permeability.

[0105] The membrane 1 is coated on its underside, except in the area of ​​the gas exchange opening 3, with adhesive 2 and applied to the component 4, and bonded to the underlabel 26 on its upper side via an adhesive layer 27. This arrangement has the advantage that the membrane 1 and its cover can be attached in a single operation.

[0106] Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a label according to an embodiment of the invention with an integrated coated membrane according to the invention.

[0107] The basic structure of the label is known from EP 3129972 B 1 (DAE HighProtect DC).

[0108] A pressure equalization label 30 is proposed for application to a surface 43 of a component 4 provided with a pressure equalization opening 3, wherein the pressure equalization label 30 comprises a first film 32 for application to the surface 43 and an outer, second film 31, as well as an air-permeable membrane film 1 arranged between the first film 32 and the second film 31. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0109] - 15 -

[0110] The first sheet 32 ​​has a recess 6 for positioning above a pressure equalization opening 3 and a number of ventilation channels 7. Each of the ventilation channels 7 is separated from the recess 6 by a sheet area 8 of the first sheet 32.

[0111] The membrane film 1 covers the recess 6 and each of the film areas 8 between the recess 6 and the number of ventilation channels 7.

[0112] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the pressure equalization label 10. Only one housing wall 41 and a part of the interior space 42 behind it of the component are shown.

[0113] The pressure equalization label 30 is located on the outside or outer surface 43 of the housing wall 41, in a suitable position to close the pressure equalization opening 3 in a way that allows air to pass through but prevents moisture from entering.

[0114] For this purpose, the pressure equalization label 30 in Figure 4 is glued onto the surface 43 such that the recess 6 of the first film 1 aligns with the pressure equalization opening 3 of the housing. This means that the pressure equalization opening 3 is covered by that part of the underside 1b of the membrane 1 which spans the recess 6 of the first film 32 and is glued all around to the film areas 8.

[0115] The membrane 1 according to the invention is permeable to gases, in particular to air; on its upper surface 1a, the further ventilation path L leads first in a lateral direction beyond the edge of the membrane film / membrane 1 and from there into the respective ventilation channel 7.

[0116] To illustrate this ventilation path L, Figure 4 shows a sectional view at the level of the recess 6 and each pair of ventilation ducts 7. The outer end of the ventilation ducts 7 is designed so that they lead laterally to the outside. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0117] - 16 -

[0118] The outer contour of the pressure equalization labels 10 in Figure 4 can assume any other shape instead of round, have any other number of ventilation channels 7, and / or the outer contour of the membrane film 1 can be modified as desired.

[0119] Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the invention with an integrated membrane coated according to the invention.

[0120] The device is a plastic component that is generally known from EP 0377067 Al.

[0121] Figure 5 shows in detail a locking device 101 made of a carrier body, which in turn is composed of a lower part 104 designed as a molded body and an upper part 105 designed as a cover.

[0122] The lower part 104 contains a longitudinal central bore 112 and conical oblique bores 113 extending laterally upwards from it, which together with the longitudinal central bore 112 form air passage channels.

[0123] Between the upwardly pointing openings of the channels 112 and 113, support areas are formed which, together with a support edge 108 of the lower part 104, form a receiving surface for the membrane 1 according to the invention.

[0124] The lower part 104 has an annular step at its outer edge. A screw-in fitting 103 with an external thread is formed on the underside of the lower part 104. The upper part 105, designed as a domed cover, has a circumferential annular flange 106, the inner surface of which is formed with an annular bead 119 that snaps into a circumferential annular groove 118 in the lower part 104. Between the annular groove 118 of the lower part 104 and the inner annular bead 117 of the upper part 105, an outer edge region of the membrane 1 according to the invention serves as a sealing section 117.

[0125] During assembly, the membrane 1 is placed on the support surface 111, 108 of the lower part 104 of the molded body, and then the upper part 105 is snapped on. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026

[0126] - 17 -

[0127] The axial length of the ring flange 106 is dimensioned such that a domed chamber 114 of a certain height is formed between the lower part 104 and the upper part 105.

[0128] From chamber 114, upwardly sloping openings 115 lead outwards. In the area of ​​the annular flange 106, channels 116 lead outwards. The channels 115 and 116 serve both as air passage openings and as liquid drainage channels. The channels 115 and 116 are dimensioned and oriented such that the membrane 1 cannot be directly affected from the outside by a rigid object. This design of the channels 115 and 116 is indicated in Figure 5 by the extremely sloping arrangement of the channels 115 in the upper surface of the cover 105.

[0129] Figure 6 shows a method for producing a porous surface element coated with an SFs polymer or copolymer, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, for use in the pressure equalization element according to the invention.

[0130] A porous surface element is unwound from a roll (S1). The porous surface element moves towards the coating bath (S2). The porous surface element is immersed in a bath filled with a liquid coating compound (S3).

[0131] The liquid in the bath contains the polymer or copolymer dissolved in a solvent, emulsified or suspended, which later remains as a coating on the porous sheet element (S4). Rollers guide the porous sheet element through the bath, ensuring uniform wetting (S5). After the porous sheet element exits the bath, it passes wipers that remove excess liquid and ensure a uniform coating (S7). The excess material drips back into the bath to prevent waste and maintain process efficiency (S8).

[0132] The porous surface element is then placed in an oven where the coating is dried or cured by heat (S6). After the drying process, P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026 remains.

[0133] - 18 -

[0134] a uniform coating on the porous surface element, which is now ready for further processing steps (S9).

[0135] Example of implementation

[0136] 2.5 volume parts of tetraethoxysilane (CAS 78-10-4) are dissolved with 1 volume part of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid in 40 volume parts of isopropanol and mixed with 1 volume part of Cd monomer (triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H-nonafluorhexyl)silane; CAS 102390-98-7) and stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The membrane is immersed for 5 s, excess coating agent is squeezed off, and the membrane is stored at 60°C for 24 h.

Claims

P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO January 23, 2026 - 19 - Patent claims 1. Pressure equalization element comprising a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the surface element is coated with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer.

2. Pressure equalization element according to claim 1, wherein the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer is a fluorosilane polymer or copolymer, preferably based on a monomer of the general formula RSi(OR')3, wherein R = CH2CH2(CF2)nCF3, R' = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu, n = 1, 2 or 3, or wherein R = (CH2)xNHCOCFCF3O(CF2CFCF3O) y CF2CF2CF3, x = 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably x = 3, y = 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably y = 4, R' = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, nBu or iBu, preferably R' = Me; or having the structure selected from the group consisting of XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CONH(CH2)3Si(OC2Hs)3 and m / n = 1.5 -2.5, 2 < n < 5, 5 < m <9 (Fluorolink S 10) ; and CF3CF2CF2O-(CF2CF2CF2O) n -CF2CF2X, where X = CH2CH2Si(OR , n = 10 to 30 and R = CEE or C2H5 (Optool DSX).

3. Pressure equalization element according to claim 1, wherein the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluoroacrylate polymer or copolymer, preferably based on a monomer of the general formula H2C=C(R)-COO-CH2CH2(CF2)nCF3, wherein R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, CF3 and n = 1 or 3, or of the general formula H2C=C(R)-COO-C m H2mCF2CF2CF2CF3, where m = 17 or 22.

4. Pressure equalization element according to claim 1, wherein the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), preferably comprising a function selected from the group consisting of alcohol, carboxylic acid, amide and a combination thereof, further preferably comprising the structure selected from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O- [CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS);P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026 - 20 - XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CJLOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OCOCH=CH2 and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fluorolink AD 1700); and XCF2O- (CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CONHCI8H 37 and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fluorolink A10).

5. Pressure equalization element according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), wherein structures selected from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O- [CF(CF3)CF2O] n -CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O-(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CJLOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = COOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC) are excluded.

6. Pressure equalization element according to claim 1, wherein the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a fluorinated polymer produced from fluorinated C3 hydrocarbons, preferably hexafluoropropene or octafluoropropane, using PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition).

7. Pressure equalization element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous surface element has a degree of oil repellency according to the standard AATCC 118-2013 (Oil Repellency: Hydrocarbon Resistance Test) of 4 to 8, preferably of 5 to 7.

8. Pressure equalization element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure equalization element is selected from the group consisting of ultrasonically welded pressure equalization element, adhesive pressure equalization element, pressure equalization element in the nameplate, pressure equalization element HighProtect and pressure equalization element HighProtect DC.P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026 - 21 - 9. Pressure equalization element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pressure equalization element is a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) fastened into the housing opening of the component.

10. Pressure equalization element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure equalization element is a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) attached into the housing opening of the component.

11. Pressure equalization element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure equalization element is the combination of a plastic component configured to be screwed, clipped, snapped, hooked or otherwise mechanically (non-adhesively) fastened into the housing opening of a component, and a porous surface element coated with C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer is a silane-free perfluoropolyether (PFPE), wherein structures from the group consisting of CF3CF2CF2O-[CF(CF3)CF2O] n - CF(CF3)X, where X = COOH and n = 10 to 30 (Krytox 157FS); XCF2O- (CF2CF2O)m(CF2O) n -CF2X, where X = CH2OH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDOL); and XCF2O-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n-CF2X, where X = COOH and m + n = 20 to 40 (Fomblin ZDIAC) are selected, is excluded.

12. Pressure equalization element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the porous surface element is a membrane and preferably comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and a combination thereof. P2025,0109 WO N / 25001P-WO 23 January 2026 - 22 - 13. Pressure equalization element according to claim 12, wherein the membrane comprises a carrier fleece, preferably comprising or further preferably consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, and wherein the carrier fleece preferably has a thickness of 50 to 300 pm and the remaining membrane without the carrier fleece preferably has a thickness of 5 to 50 pm.

14. Pressure equalization element according to claim 12, wherein the membrane does not comprise a carrier fleece and preferably has a thickness of 50 pm to 350 pm, in particular about 300 pm.

15. Method for producing a porous surface element, preferably selected from the group consisting of a membrane, a woven or non-woven fiber structure element and a combination thereof, wherein the method comprises the step of coating the porous surface element with a C2, C3 or C4 fluoropolymer or copolymer, preferably as defined in any one of claims 2 to 6, by a method selected from the group consisting of dip coating, spray coating, doctor blade application, roller application and a combination thereof.

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