Commissioning of node devices of a network

Abstract

A mechanism for connecting a target node device to a node group of one or more node groups of a network. Each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group. The target node device is configured to transmit a group request signal to the network and subsequently receive a group advertisement signal from any node groups that received the group request signal. Each group advertisement signal carries the active group label and the default group label of the transmitting node group. The target node device processes each group advertisement signal to determine whether it meets one or more predetermined criteria, including a criterion that the default group label carried by the group advertisement signal matches a default group label for the target node device. In response to at least one group advertisement signal meeting the one or more predetermined criteria, the target node device uses the active group label carried by one of said at least one group advertisement signal to connect to the node group with said active group label.

Description

[0001] 2024PF80526

[0002] 1

[0003] COMMISSIONING OF NODE DEVICES OF A NETWORK

[0004] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention relates to the field of network communications, and in particular to methods of managing the commissioning or joining of node devices to a network.

[0006] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0007] Large wireless networks for advanced metering controls, energy management, distribution automation, and other large scale outdoor applications are becoming increasingly common. Such networks are also being applied to street lighting to facilitate the transfer and communication of information for management and smart lighting functionalities.

[0008] A hybrid network comprises a plurality of node devices (e.g., luminaires) arranged into a number of groups or sub-networks such as PANs (personal / private area networks). Each PAN functions as a (semi-)partition of the network, where node devices within each PAN may typically only communicate with other node devices of the same PAN. Node devices within a PAN are often connected using a mesh- or tree-like hierarchy, where a node device at the top of the hierarchy functions as a border router (BR) or proxy node device for communication with an external server (e.g., a cloud server), while other node devices act to distribute / route messages throughout the PAN.

[0009] Each PAN is assigned a name / label to distinguish it from other PANs. When first created, each PAN typically has a default name which is later renamed to better reflect properties of the PAN, such as its location. New node devices can only be added to a PAN if they possess the same name as the PAN. However, new node devices typically only possess a default name, meaning they cannot join a renamed PAN without first acquiring the new PAN name. There is thus a desire for alternative approaches for connecting new node devices to existing PANs.

[0010] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The invention is defined by the claims.2024PF80526

[0012] 2

[0013] According to examples in accordance with an aspect of the invention, there is provided a computer-implemented method for connecting a target node device to a node group of one or more node groups of a network, wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group.

[0014] The computer-implemented method comprises: transmitting, by the target node device, a group request signal carrying a default group label associated with the target node device; and monitoring, by the target node device, for any group advertisement signals produced by any node groups that receive the group request signal, wherein each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group.

[0015] Responsive to the target node device receiving at least one group advertisement signal, the computer-implemented method further comprises: processing, by the target node device, each received group advertisement signal to identify, as identified node groups, any node group that transmitted a group advertisement signal that meets one or more predetermined group criteria; and, responsive to the target node device identifying at least one identified node group, connecting, by the target node device, to an identified node group using the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal of said identified node group, wherein the one or more predetermined group criteria includes at least a first criterion that the default group label carried by said group advertisement signal for the node group matches the default group label for the target node device.

[0016] The present disclosure provides an approach for connecting a target (e.g., new) node device to a node group of one or more node groups, where a default group label associated with the target node device is different to an active group label for each of the one or more node groups.

[0017] Specifically, the proposed approach provides a mechanism by which a node group can share its active group label and default group label with the target node device, i.e., by transmission of a group advertisement signal carrying said labels. This sharing is initiated automatically through the target node device requesting said labels via transmission of a group request signal.

[0018] The target node device subsequently determines whether a node group is preferable to join through processing of the group advertisement signal received from said node group. Particularly, the target node device checks whether the group advertisement signal meets one or more predetermined group criteria, including at least a first criterion that the default group label carried by the group advertisement signal for the node group matches2024PF80526

[0019] 3

[0020] the default group label for the target node device. In other words, the target node device checks whether itself and the node group share a default group label and thus are intended for similar purposes or networks.

[0021] Once the target node device identifies one or more preferred node groups, the target node device joins one of the preferred node groups. Particularly, this is facilitated through the target node device acquiring the active group label for said preferred node group from the previously received group advertisement signal. Thus, the target node device may use the active group label for the preferred node group to join said preferred node group, e.g., through renaming its group label from the default group label to the active group label.

[0022] The proposed approach therefore enables new node devices to connect to existing node groups even when said new node devices do not (initially) possess the active group label of any existing node group. This provides a mechanism for automatically connecting a target node device to a node group, e.g., without the need for operator or installer intervention.

[0023] In some embodiments, the step of connecting the target node device to a node group comprises, responsive to the target node device identifying more than one identified node groups: transmitting, by the target node device, a second group request signal carrying a target group indicator representative of a single one of the identified node groups; monitoring, by the target node device, for a second group advertisement signal produced by a single one of the identified node groups in response to receiving the second group request signal; and, responsive to the target node device receiving the second group advertisement signal, connecting, by the target node device, to the identified node group that transmitted the second group advertisement signal.

[0024] Thus, the target node device may identify a single node group to connect to through receiving a second group advertisement signal from a single one of the identified node groups.

[0025] Particularly, the target group indicator may be representative of properties of the single one of the identified node groups, e.g., geographical location, active group label, etc. Thus, through processing the target group indicator, the single one of the identified node groups may determine that it is the single one of the identified node groups, and, in response, transmit the second group advertisement signal.

[0026] Typically, the second group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the single one of the identified node groups and the default group label of said single one of the identified node groups.2024PF80526

[0027] 4

[0028] In some embodiments, the second group advertisement signal carries the active group label and the default group label according to a predetermined pattern. In this way, the second group advertisement signal can be distinguished from other signals.

[0029] Accordingly, the target node device may be connected to the identified node group that transmitted the second group advertisement signal responsive to the target node device detecting the predetermined pattern in the second group advertisement signal.

[0030] In some embodiments, each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group according to a predefined pattern. In this way, the group advertisement signal can be distinguished from other signals. Accordingly, each group advertisement signal received by the target node device may be processed responsive to the target node device detecting the predefined pattern in the received group advertisement signal.

[0031] As an example, the predefined pattern may comprise an alternating sequence of an active group label and a default group label.

[0032] In some embodiments, the target node device is a luminaire.

[0033] There is also provided a computer-implemented method for connecting a node device to a node group of one or more node groups of a network. Each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group and comprises one or more routers.

[0034] The computer-implemented method comprises, for each node group: monitoring, by each of the one or more routers of the node group, for any group request signals from any node device, wherein each group request signal carries a default group label associated with said node device.

[0035] Responsive to at least one of the one or more routers receiving at least one group request signal, the computer-implemented method further comprises: processing, by each router that received at least one group request signal, each received group request signal to identify whether or not the default group label carried by said group request signal is different to an active group label of the node group of the router; and, responsive to at least one of the default group labels carried by each received group request signal being different to the active group label of the node group of the one or more routers, transmitting, by at least one of the one or more routers, a group advertisement signal carrying the active group label of the node group of the one or more routers and the default group label of said corresponding node group.2024PF80526

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[0037] In some embodiments, each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group according to a predefined pattern.

[0038] Typically, each node group of the one or more node groups further comprises a border router.

[0039] In some embodiments, the computer-implemented method further comprises, for each node group: monitoring, by each of the one or more routers of the node group, for any second group request signals from any node device, wherein each second group request signal carries a target group indicator representative of a single one of the one or more node groups.

[0040] Responsive to at least one of the one or more routers receiving at least one second group request signal, the computer-implemented method further comprises: routing, by each router that received at least one second group request signal, each received second group request signal to the border router of the node group; processing, by the border router, each received second group request signal to identify whether or not the node group of the border router is the single one of the one or more node groups represented by the target group indicator carried by said second group request signal; and, responsive to the border router identifying the node group of the border router as the single one of the one or more node groups represented by the target group indicator carried by at least one of the second group request signals, transmitting (370), by at least one of the one or more routers of the node group, a second group advertisement signal to each node device that transmitted a second group request signal carrying a target group indicator identified to be representative of the node group of the border router.

[0041] Typically, each second advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group.

[0042] In some embodiments, the second group advertisement signal carries the active group label and the default group label according to a predetermined pattern.

[0043] There is also provided is a computer program product comprising computer program code means which, when executed on a computing device having a processing system, cause the processing system to perform all of the steps of each method described above.

[0044] There is also provided a target node device for connecting to a node group of one or more node groups of a network, wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group.2024PF80526

[0045] 6

[0046] The target node device is configured to: transmit a group request signal carrying a default group label associated with the target node device; monitor for any group advertisement signals produced by any node groups that receive the group request signal, wherein each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group; responsive to receiving at least one group advertisement signal, process each received group advertisement signal to identify, as identified node groups, any node group that transmitted a group advertisement signal that meets one or more predetermined group criteria; and, responsive to identifying at least one identified node group, connect to an identified node group using the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal of said identified node group, wherein the one or more predetermined group criteria includes at least a first criterion that the default group label carried by said group advertisement signal for the node group matches the default group label for the target node device.

[0047] In some embodiments, the target node device is configured to connect to an identified node group by performing a connection process comprising transmitting a second group request signal carrying a target group indicator representative of the identified node group.

[0048] There is also provided a router for a node group of one or more node groups of a network, wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group. The router is configured to monitor for any group request signals from any node device, wherein the group request signal carries a default group label associated with said node device; responsive to receiving at least one group request signal, process each received group request signal to identify whether or not the default group label carried by said group request signal is different to an active group label of the node group of the router; and, responsive to at least one of the default group labels carried by each received group request signal being different to the active group label of the node group of the router, transmit a group advertisement signal carrying the active group label of the node group of the router and the default group label of said corresponding node group.

[0049] In some embodiments, the router is configured to transmit a second group advertisement signal in response to receiving a second group request signal carrying a target group indicator representative of the node group of the router.

[0050] In some embodiments, the group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the node group of the router and the default group label of said node group according to a predefined iterative pattern.2024PF80526

[0051] 7

[0052] There is further provided a network comprising one or more target node devices as herein proposed, and one or more routers as herein proposed / described. The network (and / or elements thereof) may be adapted to perform the method of any herein proposed and described method, and vice versa.

[0053] These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment s) described hereinafter.

[0054] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] For a better understanding of the invention, and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0056] Fig. 1 illustrates a network system in which proposed embodiments may be employed;

[0057] Fig. 2 schematically illustrates an example of a node device;

[0058] Fig. 3 illustrates a proposed method performable by node devices of a network; and

[0059] Fig. 4 schematically illustrates the exchange of signals between a target node device and a border router during performance of the proposed method.

[0060] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0061] The invention will be described with reference to the Figures.

[0062] It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating exemplary embodiments of the apparatus, systems and methods, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the apparatus, systems and methods of the present invention will become better understood from the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the Figures are merely schematic and are not drawn to scale. It should also be understood that the same reference numerals are used throughout the Figures to indicate the same or similar parts.

[0063] The invention provides a mechanism for connecting a target node device to a node group of one or more node groups of a network. Each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group. The target node device is configured to transmit a group request signal to the network and subsequently receive a group2024PF80526

[0064] 8

[0065] advertisement signal from any node groups that received the group request signal. Each group advertisement signal carries the active group label and the default group label of the transmitting node group. The target node device processes each group advertisement signal to determine whether it meets one or more predetermined criteria, including a criterion that the default group label carried by the group advertisement signal matches a default group label for the target node device. In response to at least one group advertisement signal meeting the one or more predetermined criteria, the target node device uses the active group label carried by one of said at least one group advertisement signal to connect to the node group with said active group label.

[0066] Figure 1 illustrates a network system 10 in which proposed embodiments may be employed, for improved contextual understanding. The network system 10 comprises a network 100 having a plurality of node devices 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127 which are split into a plurality of node groups 110, 120.

[0067] In the illustrated example, the network 100 comprises two node groups 110, 120, but the skilled person will appreciate that, in practice, the network 100 may comprise any number of node groups, e.g., one or more node groups.

[0068] Node devices belonging to a same node group are able to communicate with one another, e.g., directly, or indirectly via other node devices in the same node group. Thus, each node group may function as a mesh network or personal / private area network (PAN) to facilitate intra-group communication. More particularly, each node device may be configured to perform or at least be capable of performing intra-group communication or routing.

[0069] Node devices belonging to a same node group 110, 120 may communicate with one another, for example, using a short-range communication protocol. Suitable examples include those based on the IEEE 802.15.4g technical standard (such as Wi-SUN ® (Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network)), ZigBee ®, Bluetooth ®, as well as Wi-Fi based protocols for wireless networks, and wired bus networks such as DALI™ (Digital Addressable Lighting Interface), DSI (Digital Serial Interface), DMX (Digital Multiplex), and KNX (or KNX based systems), and other proprietary protocols.

[0070] In particular, each node group may form a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN), whereby each node device is configured to communicate with other node devices in the same node group using an LPWAN communication protocol, such as Wi-SUN, NB-loT, SAH7, or a protocol compliant with the IEEE 802.1 lah technical standard. The Wi-SUN ® protocol is particularly advantageous due at least to its low power requirements and reconfigurability.2024PF80526

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[0072] The network 100 may be configured to communicate with an external server 150. In particular, each node group 110, 120 may comprise at least one respective border router (BR) 111, 121, also known as a proxy node device. Each border router 111, 121 is able to communicate with the external device, e.g., using one or more long-distance communication protocols.

[0073] Examples of suitable long-range communication protocols include those that operate in accordance with a wireless mobile communication standard, such as a designated 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G cellular communication (including Narrowband loT (NB-IoT)), the Internet protocol suite, a long-range wireless communication technology such as Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) or proprietary communication technologies.

[0074] Other node devices in a node group may only communicate with the external server 150 via a border router 111, 121. The border router 111, 121 may also perform other functionalities of a node device in a node group (e.g., for routing intra-group communications).

[0075] The border router 111, 112 may, for instance, maintain a source routing table usable for identifying a routing between the border router and each node device in the same node group (as the border router). This facilitates routing of a packet from the external server 150 to any node device in the node group by using the source routing table to define a routing of the data packet. This may also facilitate intra-group routing for routing of a data packet from one node device to another node device of a same node group via a border router (of the same node group).

[0076] When capable of routing data packets between node devices, each node device may comprise (or otherwise be referred to as) a router node, router device, or simply a router. Thus, each node group 110, 120 may comprise a border router and one or more routers to facilitate intra-group routing of data packets.

[0077] It will be further appreciated that a border router may itself comprise (or otherwise be considered as) a router.

[0078] The external server 150 may communicate via a communications module 155 (e.g., a wireless transmitter and receiver system). Messages and / or information received by the communications module 155 may be provided to other elements of (or connected to) the external server 150. For instance, any received messages may be provided to a processing system 160 for processing of said messages (or more specifically of information contained within said messages). In particular, the messages may be indicative of information / data2024PF80526

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[0080] acquired by node devices of the network 100 and / or of one or more properties / characteristics of said node devices.

[0081] The processing system 160 may also be configured to provide instructions to one or more node devices of the network 100 (e.g., via the communications module 155). Said instructions may correspond to requests for the node devices to perform some kind of functionalities and / or requests to modify / change one or more properties of the node devices.

[0082] Information received by the external server 150 and / or generated by the processing system 160 may also be stored in a memory 170. Once stored, said information may be later retrieved, e.g., by the processing system 160 for use in one or more processing functionalities / techniques.

[0083] In general, the external server 150 may be embodied as a computing device and / or computing system capable of receiving information from a network, processing said information, and (in some instances) providing subsequent instructions to one or more node devices of the network. For example, the external server 150 may comprise a cloud server, or other virtual computing application / environment.

[0084] The network system 10 further comprises a target node device 130 that is not connected to either node group 110, 120 of the network 100. In the present context, the target node device 130 typically comprises a new node device, i.e., a newly activated or installed node device. Particularly, the purpose of the target node device 130 may be to expand the network 100 or to replace a defective node device. Accordingly, it would be desirable for the target node device 130 to be connected to one of the node groups 110, 120, e.g., to allow for communication between the target node device 130 and other node devices of the network 100.

[0085] In a typical network comprising a plurality of node groups, each node group may be associated with a respective group label / name for simplified identification and management of node groups. More specifically, each node device within a given node group may be assigned a group label that identifies the node device as belonging to that particular node group. For example, in the network 100, node devices 111-117 of node group 110 may each be assigned a first group label being the group label for node group 110, and node devices 121-127 may each be assigned a second group label being the group label for node group 120.

[0086] In this way, a network may be split into a plurality of node groups by assigning a group label to each node device of the network, thereby defining groupings of node devices according to their assigned group labels.2024PF80526

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[0088] In accordance with certain network protocols (e.g., Wi-SUN ®), node devices may only be permitted to join a node group if they possess, or are otherwise assigned, the group label of said node group. To be more specific, a node device that is not connected to a node group may transmit a group request signal indicating its desire to join a node group. The group request signal may, for example, comprise a PAN advertisement solicit frame, and will carry a group label associated with the node device. A node group that receives the group request signal and possesses the same group label as that in the group request signal may (in response) transmit a group advertisement signal instructing the node device to join the node group. The group advertisement signal may, for example, comprise a PAN advertisement frame and / or a PAN configuration frame.

[0089] Those skilled in the art will be familiar with standard techniques for connecting node devices to existing node groups, e.g., those utilizing (or otherwise being initiated responsive to) group request signals and / or group advertisement signals.

[0090] For clarity, where it is said that a node group receives a signal (or some other transmission) from a node device, it will be understood to mean that one or more node devices (e.g., routers, border routers) of the node group receives the signal. Additionally, where it is said that a node group transmits a signal (or some other transmission), it will be understood to mean that one or more node devices (e.g., routers, border routers) of the node group transmits the signal.

[0091] To facilitate flexible commissioning / initialization of a network, each node device will typically possess a default group label (e.g., as set by a manufacturer) when first installed / activated. In this way, while the network is first being formed, node devices are not restricted to joining only certain node groups due to their respective group labels (i.e., as all group labels will be the same). Accordingly, once the network is formed, and a plurality of node groups are established, the group label of each node group will be the default group label.

[0092] The default group label initially assigned to each node device / group may typically correspond to a generalized label or name for the network that the node device forms part of (or is intended to form part of). In other words, a default group label for a node device / group may function as a network indicator, being indicative of a network that the node device / group is in or is intended to join. Accordingly, node devices / groups of different networks may be associated with different default group labels.

[0093] By way of example only, a particular manufacturer of a node device may assign a default group label associated with the node device. As another example, different2024PF80526

[0094] 12

[0095] models of node devices may have different default group labels. As yet another example, node devices for different end-consumers may have different default group labels. A wide variety of other reasons and purposes for different default group labels will be apparent to the appropriately skilled person.

[0096] To help distinguish between different node groups, the group label of each node group (and by extension the node devices comprised by each node group) may be renamed (i.e., changed) from the default group label to a respective active group label. Each active group label may, for example, reflect properties of an associated node group, such as the node group’s geographical location and / or composition. In other words, the active group label for each node group may have contextual significance.

[0097] It will be appreciated that, though the group label assigned to a node device may be renamed from a default group label to an active group label, the node device may nonetheless know, remember, or otherwise be able to retrieve, its default group label. For example, the node device may save / store the default group label in an internal memory or fixed-function circuitry, or may be able to retrieve the default group label from a border router of a same node group as the node device (the border router having stored the default group label).

[0098] The present disclosure recognizes that this existing approach poses potential issues when adding new node devices to an existing network (e.g., for the purpose of expanding the network or replacing broken node devices). Specifically, new node devices, which will initially possess a default group label, will be unable to join node groups whose group labels have been changed from the default group label to an active group label. The group label for each new node device must instead be manually renamed to an active group label of an existing node group to allow it to connect to said node group. This reduces the rate at which new node devices can be added to a network and requires increased input and intervention, e.g., from human operators. Additionally, if there are multiple node groups belonging to different networks, but which share the same active group label, this can lead to new node devices joining the wrong network.

[0099] An approach for connecting a target (e.g., new) node device to an existing node group is herein proposed. The proposed approach enables the connection of the target node device to an existing node group where the active group label of the node group is different to the default group label of the target node device. Particularly, the proposed approach facilitates the sharing and recognition of default and active group labels between the target node device and existing node groups. This allows identification of a preferred2024PF80526

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[0101] node group for the target node device and subsequent connection of the target node device to said node group.

[0102] For improved contextual understanding, Figure 2 illustrates a demonstrative example of a node device 200 in which proposed embodiments may be employed.

[0103] The node device 200 comprises a communication arrangement 210. The communication arrangement 210 is configured to co-ordinate and perform communication with one or more other devices, e.g., using one or more electromagnetic waves 215.

[0104] Thus, the communication arrangement 210 may comprise an antenna arrangement 211 (for converting electromagnetic waves 215 into analogue electrical signals and vice versa), and a modem 212 for converting analogue electrical signals (from / to the antenna arrangement) into digital signals and vice versa. The modem 212 may be configured to perform conversion of data into / from a suitable communication protocol. The function and operation of an antenna arrangement 211 and a modem 212 are well known to the skilled person.

[0105] The node device 200 further comprises a processing system 220. The processing system 220 is configured to perform one or more functions or tasks for the node device, i.e., functioning as a central processor for the node device. In particular, the processing system 220 may co-ordinate with the communication arrangement to perform inter-device communications.

[0106] The node device 200 may further comprise one or more controllable output elements 230, such as one or more light sources or other user-perceptible outputs. The processing system 220 may be configured to control the operation of the one or more controllable output elements 230, e.g., to interact with an external environment and / or individual. The control of the one or more controllable output elements 230 may be responsive to data received via the communication arrangement 210, e.g., to allow for external control of or influence upon the operation of the one or more controllable output elements.

[0107] In some examples, the node device 200 may further comprise one or more input elements 240, such as one or more sensors (e.g., light sensors, noise sensors, proximity sensors, movement sensors, temperature sensors, PIR sensors and so on) and / or user input interfaces. The processing system 220 may be configured to transmit data using the communication arrangement 210 responsive to input data received by the one or more input elements 240. This allows, for instance, for the node device 200 to monitor an environment and transmit this information (e.g., within the node group and / or to the external server via a2024PF80526

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[0109] border router of the node group). Other example uses for input data would be readily apparent to the skilled person, e.g., to control the operation of any controllable output element of the node device 200.

[0110] Where the node device 200 comprises a light source (an example of a controllable output element), it will be appreciated that the node device 200 is a luminaire.

[0111] As mentioned previously, the present disclosure proposes an approach for enabling a target node device with a default group label different to each active group label of one or more node groups to connect to one of the one or more node groups. Specifically, the approach proposes configuring node devices to facilitate the sharing of active and default group labels between the target node device and the one or more node groups such that the target node device can recognize / acquire the active group label of each node group. In this way, the target node device can identify different node groups and select an appropriate one to join, which is enabled through acquisition of the active group label for the node group.

[0112] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a computer-implemented method 300 according to the proposed approach. The method 300 is performed by a proposed target node device and one or more other proposed node devices (e.g., a proposed border router) of one or more node groups of a network. That is, each step of the method 300 is performed by either the proposed target node device or one or more other proposed node devices of the network. Thus, there is also proposed a target node device and one or more other proposed node devices (e.g., a proposed border router) that each perform respective steps of the method 300.

[0113] In the present context, the target node device is associated with (or otherwise assigned) a default group label being the group label initially possessed by the target node device when first activated. Meanwhile, each node group of the network is associated with (or otherwise assigned) an active group label being the present (i.e., at the time of performing the method 300) group label for the node group. The active group label for each node device / group is different to the default group label for the target node device. Additionally, the active group label for each node group is different to a default group label for the node group, being the group label for the node group when it was first formed.

[0114] The method 300 comprises a step 310 of transmitting, by the target node device, a group request signal carrying the default group label associated with the target node device. Specifically, the target node device transmits the group request signal to the network such that one or more node groups of the network may intercept the group request signal.2024PF80526

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[0116] The target node device may transmit the group request signal in such a way that any node group of the network may receive the group request signal. For example, the target node device may transmit or broadcast the group request signal on / over a particular channel or frequency band such that the group request signal can be received by any intercepting node group of the network.

[0117] In other words, step 310 may comprise broadcasting, by the target node device, the group request signal.

[0118] In some examples, the group request signal may comprise a PAN advertisement solicit frame.

[0119] The group request signal may effectively function as an indicator that the target node device wishes to join a node group. Accordingly, in response to receiving the group request signal from the target node device, each node group may respond with a return signal or response signal to notify the target node device of its existence. More specifically, each node group that receives the group request signal may transmit a group advertisement signal to facilitate advertisement of itself to the target node device. Thus, the method 300 comprises a further step 315 of transmitting, by each node group that receives the group request signal, a group advertisement signal.

[0120] Prior to receiving a group request signal, each node group (or more specifically each node device, e.g., each router and border router, of the node group) monitors for any group request signals. This may comprise each node group listening for a group request signal over a predetermined communication channel.

[0121] In some examples, the group advertisement signal may comprise a PAN advertisement frame.

[0122] In accordance with the present disclosure, the group advertisement signal transmitted by a node group carries the active group label and the default group label of the node group. Each group advertisement signal thus functions as an identifier for the node group that transmitted it.

[0123] In some examples, the group advertisement signal transmitted by a node group may also carry information indicative of other properties of the node group. For example, the group advertisement signal may carry information indicative of the node group’s geographical location, or the node group’s composition (i.e., the number and types of node devices comprised by the node group), etc.

[0124] It will be appreciated that a node group will only transmit a group advertisement signal in response to the default group label carried by the group request signal2024PF80526

[0125] 16

[0126] being different to the active group label of the node group. Particularly, were the default group label carried in the group request signal to be the same as the active group label for the receiving node group, the node group would understand this to mean the target node device intends to join the node group and thus connect it to the node group using a standard technique.

[0127] Upon receiving the group request signal, each node group, or more specifically one or more node devices (e.g., routers, border routers) of each node group, is / are configured to process the group request to identify whether the default group label carried by the group request signal is different to the active group label of the node group. Said processing of the group request signal may be performed directly by each node device that receives the group request signal. Alternatively, should a node device that receives the group request signal not be a border router, the node device may route the group request signal to a border router of a same node group for processing of the group request signal by the border router.

[0128] Each group advertisement signal is transmitted by at least one node device (e.g., router, border router) of the node group. For example, each group advertisement signal may be transmitted directly by a respective node device that received the group request signal. Alternatively, each group advertisement signal may be transmitted under the control / co-ordination of a respective border router of a corresponding node group that received the group request signal. For example, each group advertisement signal may be transmitted directly by the respective border router, or may be generated by the respective border router and routed to a node device of the same node group (as the respective border router) for transmission. As another variant, the border router may instruct one or more node devices to transmit the group advertisement signal.

[0129] According to another example, each node group may transmit a group advertisement signal in response to receiving a signal (or some other indicator) other than the group request signal. For example, this may be in response to receiving a signal / message from an external server (e.g., the external server 150). Particularly, if it is known that one or more target node devices are being added to a network, a user may prompt the external server to transmit a signal to one or more node groups (or more specifically a border router of each of the one or more node groups) that are in the vicinity of the one or more target node devices, thereby instructing the one or more node groups to transmit a group advertisement signal.

[0130] The method 300 further comprises a step 320 of monitoring, by the target node device, for any group advertisement signals produced by any node groups of the network. Put2024PF80526

[0131] 17

[0132] another way, step 320 comprises determining whether or not the target node device has received a group advertisement signal.

[0133] Following a negative determination in step 320, the target node device may continue to monitor for any group advertisement signals (i.e., remain at step 320).

[0134] To assist the target node device in identifying a group advertisement signal, each group advertisement signal may be generated / transmitted in such a way as to possess certain (signal) characteristics, e.g., contain particular header data or be otherwise configured to be distinguishable over other forms of signal. In this way, the target node device may distinguish between a group advertisement signal and other types of signal by detecting said characteristics in the signal. Certain characteristics may also be used to distinguish between group advertisement signals transmitted from different node groups and / or from node groups of different networks.

[0135] According to a preferred example, each group advertisement signal transmitted by a node group may carry the active group label and the default group label of the node group according to a predefined pattern. To be more specific, each group advertisement signal may comprise a sequence of signal packets, where each signal packet carries either the active group label or the default group label of the corresponding node group. The sequence of signal packets may, for instance, follow the predefined pattern. In particular examples, the sequence of signal patterns comprises more than two signal packets, for facilitating better distinguishing the group advertisement signal from other forms of signal. Accordingly, the signal packets for each group advertisement signal may be arranged in such a way as to correspond to the predefined pattern.

[0136] The target node device may only register receipt of a (received) group advertisement signal in response to detecting the predefined pattern in the group advertisement signal. Put another way, the method 300 may comprise a step 325 (after step 320) of determining whether a received group advertisement signal comprises or carries the predefined pattern. Following a positive determination in step 325, the method 300 may advance / progress to a step 330. However, following a negative determination in step 325, the method 300 may return to step 320 whereby the target node device monitors for further group advertisement signals.

[0137] As an example, the predefined pattern may comprise, or otherwise correspond to, an altemating / iterative sequence of an active group label and a default group label. Thus, each group advertisement transmitted by a node group may comprise an altemating / iterative2024PF80526

[0138] 18

[0139] sequence of signal packets carrying the active group label of the node group and signals packets carrying the default group label of the node group.

[0140] Upon receiving / registering a group advertisement signal (i.e., a positive determination in step 320), the target node device may process the group advertisement signal. That is, the method 300 may progress to a step 330 of processing the received group advertisement signal.

[0141] In some examples, the target node device may only process a (received) group advertisement signal in response to detecting the predefined pattern in the group advertisement signal. In other words, the method 300 may only progress to step 330 in response to a positive determination in step 325. In other examples, the target node device may process each / any received group advertisement signal regardless of a detected pattern or any other characteristic of the signal. In other words, the method 300 may not comprise step 325.

[0142] In accordance with the present disclosure, the target node device processes the group advertisement signal to determine whether it meets one or more predetermined group criteria. Put another way, step 330 comprises processing the group advertisement signal to determine whether it meets the one or more predetermined group criteria.

[0143] Said predetermined group criteria may typically correspond to (or at least be indicative of) one or more desired node group properties for the target node device, i.e., properties that would preferably be possessed by potential node groups for the target node device. Accordingly, in response to a group advertisement signal meeting the one or more predetermined group criteria, the node group that transmitted the group advertisement signal is identified as a potential or candidate (i.e., “identified”) node group for the target node device to join.

[0144] The one or more predetermined group criteria includes at least a first criterion that a default group label carried by a group advertisement signal matches (e.g., is the same as) the default group label for the target node device. As mentioned previously, a default group label may function as a network indicator. Thus, the first criterion effectively identifies whether a node group is part of an intended network for the target node device. For instance, should the default group label carried by a group advertisement signal not match the default group label for the target node device, the target node device can determine that the node group that transmitted the group advertisement signal is not in the intended network for the target node device and thus disregard said node group.2024PF80526

[0145] 19

[0146] The one or more predetermined group criteria may also include other criteria dependent on what type of information is carried by each group advertisement signal. For example, the one or more predetermined group criteria may include a criterion that a geographical location carried by (or at least indicated by) each group advertisement signal is within a geographical region around the target node device, and / or a criterion that a number of node devices carried / indicated by each group advertisement signal breaches a predefined threshold, etc. The one or more predetermined group criteria may also include criteria related to intrinsic properties / characteristics for each group advertisement signal, such that a signal strength for each group advertisement signal breaches a predetermined threshold.

[0147] In response to the group advertisement signal not meeting the one or more predetermined criteria (i.e., a negative determination in step 330), the method 300 may return to step 320 whereby the target node device monitors for further group advertisement signals.

[0148] The target node device may receive a plurality of group advertisement signals, e.g., a respective group advertisement signal from each node group that received the group request signal. Thus, each of steps 320, 325, and 330 may be performed a plurality of times, e.g., once for each of the received group advertisement signals.

[0149] Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the target node device may not receive each group advertisement signal at a same time. Rather, each group advertisement signal may be received at a different time dependent on various factors, such as a travel distance for each group advertisement signal (e.g., the distance between a corresponding node group and the target node device), network congestion, signal interference, etc. Thus, performance of steps 320, 325, and 330 for each of the received group advertisement signals may occur over a finite period of time.

[0150] Additionally, it is recognized that the target node device may complete performance of steps 320, 325, and 330 for a particular group advertisement signal before receiving a further / next group advertisement signal. Thus, after performing step 330, it may be preferable for the method 300 to wait / dwell on step(s) 320, 325, and / or 330 for a predefined wait-time before advancing to a next step of the method (e.g., step 340).

[0151] Particularly, during the predefined wait-time, the target node device may monitor for further group advertisement signals (i.e., perform step 320). Accordingly, in response to receiving a further group advertisement signal during the predefined wait-time, the target node device may process the further group advertisement signal (i.e., perform step 330) to determine whether it meets the one or more predetermined group criteria. After receiving the further group advertisement signal, the predefined wait-time may also be reset2024PF80526

[0152] 20

[0153] such that the target node device continues to monitor for further group advertisement signals. Specifically, the target node device may continue to monitor like this until the predefined wait-time expires without receiving a further group advertisement signal. Thereafter, assuming at least one of the received group advertisement signals meets the one or more predetermined group criteria, the method 300 may progress to a next step.

[0154] The predefined wait-time may be preprogrammed into the target node device, e.g., set when the target node device is installed. In particular, the predefined wait-time may be set / programmed based on known distances between the target node device and node groups of the network.

[0155] In some examples, at least some of steps 320, 325, and 330 may be performed (at least partially) concurrently. For instance, step 320 may be performed at the same time as, or at least overlap with, step(s) 325 and / or 330. In particular, step 320 may be performed continuously, i.e., not stopped or paused when step(s) 325 and / or 330 is / are performed. In other words, the target node device may continue to monitor for group advertisement signals while processing a received group advertisement signal.

[0156] Should the target node device receive one or more further group advertisement signals while already processing a previously received group advertisement signal, the target node device may queue the one or more further group advertisement signals such that they are processed sequentially once processing space becomes available (i.e., once processing of the previously received group advertisement signal is completed). Alternatively, the target node device may immediately start processing each group advertisement signal once received, regardless of whether the target node device is already processing another group advertisement signal. In other words, the target node device may be configured to process different group advertisement signals in parallel.

[0157] In response to at least one of the received group advertisement signals meeting the one or more predetermined criteria (i.e., a positive determination in step 330), the method 300 further comprises (and progresses to) a step 340 of connecting the target node device to an identified node group. Particularly, from step 330, the target node device will identify a respective node group for each corresponding group advertisement signal that meets the one or more predetermined criteria. Accordingly, step 340 comprises connecting the target node device to one of the identified node groups.

[0158] Step 340 is (at least partially) performed by the target node device. That is, the target node device connects itself to (or otherwise joins) an identified node group, or at least initiates a process for connection of itself to said identified node group. In particular, in order2024PF80526

[0159] 21

[0160] to connect itself to an identified node group, the target node device utilizes the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal of / from said identified node group.

[0161] For example, the target node device may change its group label from the default group label to the active group label of the identified node group and subsequently transmit a further group request signal carrying said active group label. Accordingly, upon receiving the further group request signal carrying said active group label, the identified node group may facilitate connection of the target node device to the identified node group using a standard technique such as a provisioning process or similar.

[0162] The present disclosure thereby proposes a method whereby a target node device can acquire an active group label of a potential or suitable node group, thus enabling the target node device to join said node group in a standard way.

[0163] It is recognized that, in some circumstances, the target node device may identify more than one node group in step 330. That is, more than one (processed) group advertisement signal may meet the one or more predetermined group criteria. Therefore, after identifying one or more node groups (e.g., two or more node groups), the target node device (and / or one or more other node devices) may perform further steps / processes to select a particular (i.e., single) identified node group for the target node device to connect to.

[0164] Accordingly, step 340 may comprise one or more sub-steps for selection of a particular identified node group. In particular, step 340 may comprise a sub-step 350 of determining whether or not the target node device has identified more than one node group. Thus, dependent on the outcome of sub-step 350, the target node device may know whether it needs to perform further steps to select a single identified node group.

[0165] Following a negative determination in sub-step 350 (i.e., that only a single node group was identified in step 330), the target node device may join the identified node group. That is, responsive to the target node device identifying only a single node group, step 340 may comprise a sub-step 355 of connecting the target node device to the (single) identified node group. Particularly, sub-step 355 comprises the target node device using the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal from the identified node group to connect to said identified node group.

[0166] Following a positive determination in sub-step 350 (i.e., that two or more node groups were identified in step 330) the target node device may recognize that it needs to perform further processing and / or transmit further signals in order to facilitate selection of a single node group to join. Particularly, the target node device may perform a connection process to facilitate connection of itself to a single identified node group.2024PF80526

[0167] 22

[0168] As an example, if each group advertisement signal carries or is indicative of properties of a corresponding node group, then the target node device may perform further processing on each group advertisement signal to identify a most preferred node group out of the identified node groups. For example, the target node device may aim to identify a (geographically) closest node group, or the node group that transmitted the group advertisement signal with the greatest signal strength, etc. Accordingly, said processing may be used to select a single one of the identified node groups.

[0169] Alternatively, or if the target node device is unable to select a single node group from further processing of each group advertisement signal, the target node device may transmit a further signal with the purpose of prompting a single one of the identified node groups to send a reply signal indicating that the target node device should join said single one of the identified node groups. In particular, the reply signal may comprise a second group advertisement signal (i.e., a different group advertisement signal to that transmitted in step 315) which identifies a single node group for the target node device to join.

[0170] Accordingly, in response to there being more than one identified node group (i.e., a positive determination in sub-step 350), step 340 may comprise a sub-step 370 of transmitting, by a single one of the identified node groups, a second group advertisement signal to the target node device. Specifically, the second group advertisement signal may be transmitted by at least one node device (e.g., router, border router) of the single one of the identified node groups. In response to receiving the second group advertisement signal, step 340 may comprise a sub-step 380 of connecting the target node device to the identified node group that transmitted the second group advertisement signal.

[0171] Approaches for prompting / controlling a single one of the identified node groups to transmit a second group advertisement signal are explained in more detail later in this disclosure.

[0172] The second group advertisement signal transmitted by an identified node group may carry the same information as that carried by the earlier transmitted group advertisement signal, i.e., at least the active group label and the default group label of the identified node group. However, the second group advertisement signal may differ from the earlier group advertisement signal in terms of its signal characteristics. The target node device may thus identify the second group advertisement signal, or otherwise distinguish it from other signals, from detecting certain characteristics in the received signals.

[0173] For example, the second group advertisement signal may carry the active group label and the default group label according to a predetermined pattern. Particularly, the2024PF80526

[0174] 23

[0175] predetermined pattern may preferably be different to the previously mentioned predefined pattern, so that the target node device can distinguish between a group advertisement signal and a second group advertisement signal.

[0176] As an example, the predetermined pattern may comprise, or otherwise correspond to, an altemating / iterative sequence of a single active group label following by two or more (e.g., three) default group labels. Thus, the second group advertisement signal transmitted by an identified node group may comprise an alternating / iterative sequence of a single signal packet carrying the active group label of the identified node group followed by two or more signals packets each carrying the default group label of the identified node group.

[0177] Upon detecting the predetermined pattern in the second group advertisement signal, the target node device processes the second group advertisement signal to extract the active group label of the identified node group that transmitted the second group advertisement signal. Subsequently, the target node device uses the extracted active group label to connect to the identified node group. That is, sub-step 380 comprises the target device using the extracted active group label to connect to the identified node group. This may comprise the target node device changing its group label from the default group label to the extracted active group label and connecting to the identified node group using a standard technique.

[0178] The single one of the identified node groups may be controlled / prompted to transmit the second group advertisement signal in response to receiving a second group request signal (i.e., a different group request signal to that transmitted in step 310).

[0179] Particularly, in response to a positive determination in sub-step 350, step 340 may comprise a sub-step 360 of transmitting, by the target node device, a second group request signal, which subsequently causes transmission of the second group advertisement signal by the single one of the identified node groups in sub-step 370.

[0180] The second group request signal may carry a target group indicator representative of a single one of the identified node groups. Any node group that receives the second group request signal may process the target group indicator to determine whether it is the node group represented by the target group indicator. Furthermore, a positive determination that a node group is the node group represented by the target group indicator may prompt the node group to transmit the second group advertisement signal. Accordingly, only the single one of the identified node groups will have a positive determination and thus will be the only node group to transmit the second group advertisement signal.2024PF80526

[0181] 24

[0182] The target group indicator may be indicative of properties of the single one of the identified node groups, e.g., an active group label or a historical / previous group label, a geographical location, a node group composition, etc.

[0183] It may be preferable for the second group request signal received by a node group to be processed by a border router of the node group. Particularly, the border router may possess (or otherwise have access to) data / information indicative of the properties of the node group (e.g., a routing table, group label history, etc.). Thus, the border router may be better suited (compared to any other node device of the node group) to determine whether the node group is the single one of the node groups indicated by the node group indicator.

[0184] Accordingly, any node device (e.g., router) that receives a second group request signal may be configured to route the second group request signal to the border router of the same node group for processing.

[0185] In some scenarios, it may not be immediately apparent from processing of the target group indicator (by a node group) whether said node group is the single one of the identified node groups. In response to this uncertainty, the node group may communicate with an external server in order to determine whether it is the single one of the identified node groups. For example, the node group may transmit a message (carrying the target group indicator) to the external server asking it whether the node group is the single one of the identified node groups. The external server may process the message and transmit a response signal to the node group indicating whether or not it is the single one of the identified node groups. Thus, in response to the response signal indicating that the node group is the single one of the identified node groups, the node group may transmit the second group advertisement signal to the target node device.

[0186] According to a preferred example, the target node device may possess the target group indicator. More specifically, when installed, the target node device may be provided with the target group indicator which thereby indicates to the target node device a suitable, preferred, or otherwise target node group to join. Thus, in response to the target node device identifying more than one identified node group, the target node device may transmit the second group request signal carrying the target group indicator.

[0187] As previously mentioned, each step of the method 300 is performed by either the target node device or one or more other node devices (e.g., routers, border routers) of the network (or more generally one or more node groups of the network).

[0188] For the avoidance of doubt, the target node device performs the steps of: transmitting a group request signal (i.e., step 310); monitoring for any group advertisement2024PF80526

[0189] 25

[0190] signals produced by any node groups (i.e., step 320); and processing of each received group advertisement signal to determine whether they meet one or more predetermined group criteria (i.e., step 330). The target node device also optionally performs the step of determining whether each received group advertisement signal carries an active group label and a default group label according to a predefined pattern (i.e., step 325). If so, the target node device only processes each received group advertisement signal (i.e., performs step 330) in response to detecting the predefined pattern in the group advertisement signal (i.e., a positive determination in step 325).

[0191] Meanwhile, each node group of the network performs the step of transmitting a group advertisement signal (i.e., step 315) in response to receiving the group request signal from the target node device. Particularly, each node group performs this step in response to a default group label carried by the group request signal being different to an active group label for the node group.

[0192] The target node device and one or more identified node groups of the network (i.e., as identified in step 330) each perform respective sub-steps of the step of connecting the target node device to an identified node group (i.e., step 340). Specifically, the target node device performs the sub-steps of: determining whether more than one node group was identified in step 330 (i.e., sub-step 350); and, following a negative determination (in substep 350), (at least partially) connecting the target node device to the (single) identified node group (i.e., sub-step 355).

[0193] However, following a positive determination (in sub-step 350), the target node device performs the sub-step of transmitting a second group request signal (i.e., sub-step 360). Additionally, a single one of the identified node groups performs the sub-step of transmitting a second group advertisement signal to the target node device (i.e., sub-step 370). Finally, in response to receiving the second group advertisement signal, the target node device performs (at least partially) the sub-step of connecting the target node device to the single one of the identified node groups (i.e., sub-step 380).

[0194] Where a step / sub-step of connecting the target node device to an identified node group is only partially performed by the target node device, it will be appreciated that the remainder of the step / sub-step is performed by the identified node group.

[0195] Figure 4 schematically illustrates the performance of the method 300, as described with reference to Figure 3, according to a preferred embodiment. In particular, Figure 4 illustrates the exchange of signals between a target node device 410 and a router 420 of a node group. The target node device 410 is associated with a default group label, and the2024PF80526

[0196] 26

[0197] node group containing the router 420 (and the router 420 itself) is / are associated with an active group label different to a default group label for said node group.

[0198] The target node device 410 transmits (broadcasts) a group request signal SREQ carrying the default group label associated with the target node device 410 (i.e., performs step 310). Subsequently, the target node device 410 monitors for any group advertisement signals produced by any node groups that receive the group request signal (i.e., performs step 320).

[0199] The router 420 monitors for any group request signals. Upon receiving the group request signal SREQ, the router 420 processes the group request signal SREQ to compare the default group label associated with the target node device 410 with the active group label of the node group containing the router 420. In response to the default group label and the active group label being different, the router 420 transmits a group advertisement signal SAD to the target node device 410 (i.e., performs step 315). The group advertisement signal SAD carries the active group label and the default group label for the node group containing the router 420.

[0200] Upon receiving the group advertisement signal SAD, the target node device 410 processes the group advertisement signal SAD to determine whether it meets one or more predetermined group criteria (i.e., performs step 330). Particularly, the one or more predetermined group criteria includes at least a first criterion that the default group label carried by the group advertisement signal SAD (i.e., the default group label for the node group containing the router 420) matches the default group label for the target node device 410. Following a positive determination that the two default group labels match (e.g., that they are the same), the target node device 410 identifies the node group containing the router 420 as an identified node group.

[0201] If the target node device 410 only identifies the node group containing the router 420 as an identified node group, the target node device 410 connects to said node group using the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal SAD (i.e., performs sub-step 355 of step 340). Particularly, the target node device 410 changes its group label from the default group label to the active group label and transmits a further group request signal SREQ’ carrying the active group label to the node group containing the router 420. The target node device 410 may then be connected to the node group containing the router 420 using a standard technique.

[0202] Alternatively, if the target node device 410 identifies more than one identified node group, the target node device 410 transmits a second group request signal SREQ22024PF80526

[0203] 27

[0204] carrying a target group indicator representative of a single one of the identified node groups (i.e., performs sub-step 360 of step 340). The router monitors for any second group request signals. Upon receiving the second group request signal SREQ2, the router 420 routes the second group request signal to a border router of the same node group. The border router then processes the target group indicator to determine whether the node group containing the border router (and the router 420) is the single one of the identified node groups.

[0205] In response to determining that the node group containing the (border) router 420 is the single one of the identified node groups, the router 420 transmits a second group advertisement signal SAD2 to the target node device 410 (i.e., performs sub-step 370 of step 340). The target node device 410 receives the second group advertisement signal SAD2 and (in response) connects to the node group containing the router 420. Particularly, the target node device 410 changes its group label from the default group label to the active group label of the node group containing the router 420 and transmits a further second group request signal SREQ2’ carrying the active group label to said node group. The target node device 410 may then be connected to the node group containing the router 420 using a standard technique.

[0206] Above proposed embodiments provide a target node device. The proposed approaches are particularly advantageous when the target node device is a luminaire, e.g., comprising a light source for illuminating an environment.

[0207] The proposed approach becomes particularly valuable in lighting applications as it allows for flexible commissioning of new luminaires and their seamless connection to existing networks. This facilitates the easy replacement of broken or malfunctioning luminaires and / or the expansion of existing lighting networks or sub-networks.

[0208] More generally, the proposed target node devices contribute to the installation and expansion of intelligent urban environments, supporting the broader goals of smart city initiatives and sustainable urban development.

[0209] Thus, in practice, there may be more than one (target) node device for connecting to a node group. It will therefore be appreciated that each node group of the network (and each node device, e.g., router, border router, of said node groups) will be preferably configured to manage receipt of multiple signals, e.g., (second) group request signals from each (target) node device. Particularly, each received signal may be processed (e.g., in series, in parallel) in accordance with any of the above embodiments. Accordingly, corresponding signals (e.g., (second) group advertisement signals) may be transmitted by each node group (i.e., at least one node device, e.g., router, border router, of said node group) to appropriate (target) node devices in response.2024PF80526

[0210] 28

[0211] It will be understood that disclosed methods are preferably computer-implemented methods. As such, there is also proposed the concept of a computer program comprising code means for implementing any described method(s) when said program is run on a processing system. Thus, different portions, lines or blocks of code of a computer program according to an embodiment may be executed by a processing system or computer to perform any herein described method(s).

[0212] In particular, said processing system may be formed from a combination of separate and distinct processing systems, e.g., embodied in different node devices of a network. Accordingly, any herein described method(s) may be implemented through different node devices performing respective parts or steps of the method(s), i.e., executing corresponding parts of the computer program.

[0213] Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality.

[0214] In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block diagram(s) or flow chart(s) may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

[0215] Functions implemented by a processor may be implemented by a single processor or by multiple separate processing units which may together be considered to constitute a "processor". Such processing units may in some cases be remote from each other and communicate with each other in a wired or wireless manner.

[0216] Processing systems may take various forms and configurations depending on the specific application and requirements. In some cases, a processing system may comprise one or more: general purpose microcontroller units (MCU); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); digital signal processors (DSPs); or other specialized processing units designed for specific tasks. The choice of processing system may depend on factors such as computational requirements, power consumption constraints, and the need for real-time performance in the context of network communication.

[0217] The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0218] A computer program may be stored / distributed on a suitable medium, such as an optical storage medium or a solid-state medium supplied together with or as part of other2024PF80526

[0219] 29

[0220] hardware, but may also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunication systems.

[0221] If the term "adapted to" is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term "adapted to" is intended to be equivalent to the term "configured to". If the term "arrangement" is used in the claims or description, it is noted the term "arrangement" is intended to be equivalent to the term "system", and vice versa.

[0222] Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

2024PF8052630CLAIMS:

1. A computer-implemented method (300) for connecting a target node device (130, 410) to a node group of one or more node groups (110, 120) of a network (100), wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group, the computer-implemented method comprising:transmitting (310), by the target node device, a group request signal (SREQ) carrying a default group label associated with the target node device;monitoring (320), by the target node device, for any group advertisement signals (SAD) produced by any node groups that receive the group request signal, wherein each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group;responsive to the target node device receiving at least one group advertisement signal:processing (330), by the target node device, each received group advertisement signal to identify, as identified node groups, any node group that transmitted a group advertisement signal that meets one or more predetermined group criteria; and responsive to the target node device identifying at least one identified node group, connecting (340), by the target node device, to an identified node group using the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal of said identified node group, wherein the one or more predetermined group criteria includes at least a first criterion that the default group label carried by said group advertisement signal for the node group matches the default group label for the target node device.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the step of connecting the target node device to a node group comprises, responsive to the target node device identifying more than one identified node groups:transmitting (360), by the target node device, a second group request signal (SREQ?) carrying a target group indicator representative of a single one of the identified node groups;2024PF8052631monitoring, by the target node device, for receiving a second group advertisement signal produced by the single one of the identified node groups in response to receiving the second group request signal; andresponsive to the target node device receiving the second group advertisement signal, connecting (380), by the target node device, to the identified node group that transmitted the second group advertisement signal.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein:the second group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the single one of the identified node groups and the default group label of said single one of the identified node groups;the second group advertisement signal carries the active group label and the default group label according to a predetermined pattern; andthe target node device is connected to the identified node group that transmitted the second group advertisement signal responsive to the target node device detecting the predetermined pattern in the second group advertisement signal.

4. The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group according to a predefined pattern; andeach group advertisement signal received by the target node device is processed responsive to the target node device detecting the predefined pattern in the received group advertisement signal.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the predefined pattern comprises an alternating sequence of an active group label and a default group label.

6. A computer-implemented method (300) for connecting a node device (130, 410) to a node group of one or more node groups (110, 120) of a network (100), wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group and comprises one or more routers (111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127),, the computer-implemented method comprising, for each node group:2024PF8052632monitoring, by each of the one or more routers of the node group, for any group request signals (SREQ) from any node device, wherein each group request signal carries a default group label associated with said node device; andresponsive to at least one of the one or more routers receiving at least one group request signal:processing, by each router that received at least one group request signal, each received group request signal to identify whether or not the default group label carried by said group request signal is different to an active group label of the node group of the router; andresponsive to at least one of the default group labels carried by each received group request signal being different to the active group label of the node group of the one or more routers, transmitting (315), by at least one router, a group advertisement signal (SAD) carrying the active group label of the node group of the one or more routers and the default group label of said corresponding node group.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group according to a predefined pattern.

8. The computer-implemented method of any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein:each node group of the one or more node groups further comprises a border router; andthe computer-implemented method further comprises, for each node group: monitoring, by each of the one or more routers of the node group, for any second group request signals (SREQ?) from any node device, wherein each second group request signal carries a target group indicator representative of a single one of the one or more node groups; andresponsive to at least one of the one or more routers receiving at least one second group request signal:routing, by each router that received at least one second group request signal, each received second group request signal to the border router of the node group;processing, by the border router, each received second group request signal to identify whether or not the node group of the border router is the single one of the one or2024PF8052633more node groups represented by the target group indicator carried by said second group request signal; andresponsive to the border router identifying the node group of the border router as the single one of the one or more node groups represented by the target group indicator carried by at least one of the second group request signals, transmitting (370), by at least one of the one or more routers of the node group, a second group advertisement signal to each node device that transmitted a second group request signal carrying a target group indicator identified to be representative of the node group of the border router.

9. The computer-implemented method of claims 8, wherein:each second group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group; and the second group advertisement signal carries the active group label and the default group label according to a predetermined pattern.

10. A computer program product comprising computer program code means which, when executed on a computing device having a processing system, cause the processing system to perform all of the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and the method according to any one of claims 6 to 9.

11. A target node device (130, 410) for connecting to a node group of one or more node groups (110, 120) of a network (100), wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group, wherein the target node device is configured to:transmit (310) a group request signal (SREQ) carrying a default group label associated with the target node device;monitor (320) for any group advertisement signals (SAD) produced by any node groups that receive the group request signal, wherein each group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the corresponding node group and the default group label of said corresponding node group;responsive to receiving at least one group advertisement signal, process (330) each received group advertisement signal to identify, as identified node groups, any node group that transmitted a group advertisement signal that meets one or more predetermined group criteria; and2024PF8052634responsive to identifying at least one identified node group, connect (340) to an identified node group using the active group label carried by the group advertisement signal of said identified node group,wherein the one or more predetermined group criteria includes at least a first criterion that the default group label carried by said group advertisement signal for the node group matches the default group label for the target node device.

12. The target node device of claim 11, wherein the target node device is configured to connect to an identified node group by performing a connection process comprising transmitting (360) a second group request signal (SREQ?) carrying a target group indicator representative of the identified node group.

13. A router (111, 121, 420) for a node group of one or more node groups (110, 120) of a network (100), wherein each node group has an active group label different to a default group label for said node group, wherein the router is configured to:monitor for any group request signals (SREQ) from any node device, wherein the group request signal carries a default group label associated with said node device;responsive to receiving at least one group request signal, process each received group request signal to identify whether or not the default group label carried by said group request signal is different to an active group label of the node group of the router; and responsive to at least one of the default group labels carried by each received group request signal being different to the active group label of the node group of the router, transmit (315) a group advertisement signal (SAD) carrying the active group label of the node group of the router and the default group label of said corresponding node group.

14. The router of claim 13, wherein the router is configured to transmit (370) a second group advertisement signal in response to receiving a second group request signal carrying a target group indicator representative of the node group of the router.

15. The router of any one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the group advertisement signal carries the active group label of the node group of the router and the default group label of said node group according to a predefined iterative pattern.

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