Gripping unit
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/IT2025/000012
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-24
Smart Images
Figure IT2025000012_24092026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] GRIPPING UNIT
[0002] DESCRIPTION
[0003] The present invention relates to a tool adaptor that can be operated by using an articulated arm provided through the interposition of a quick coupling. In particular, the present invention relates to an adaptor arranged to grip in a reversible manner tools that can be operated by using an articulated arm provided through the interposition of a non-reversible quick coupling.
[0004] BACKGROUND
[0005] In the sector of earth moving operating machines, tool adaptors are a crucial technology for improving the versatility and efficiency of operations in combination with a quick coupling carried by the end of an articulated mechanical arm, facilitating the rapid and safe change of the tools .
[0006] Traditionally, these adaptors are designed for specific quick couplings . Many of the existing solutions concentrate on the efficiency of coupling and release of the tool, simultaneously guaranteeing safety during the operation. However, these systems have limitations in terms of operating flexibility. In particular, the adaptors are designed for a fixed orientation, limiting the ability to handle the tool to which they are solidly coupled at different angles without having to readjust or replace the adaptor itself . In order to overcome these limitations, designing reversible quick couplings is known .
[0007] An example of a tool adaptor as described above is found in patent US 6629811 of Klac Industrie . In this patent, an adaptor-quick coupling gripping unit is described, in which the adaptor is coupled to the tool and the operatingend of the arm of the machine is provided with a quick coupling shaped in a suitable manner to grip the adaptor . However, despite the operating advantages offered by the patented system, it has an intrinsic limitation: the adaptor can only be gripped in one direction. This feature reduces flexibility in use of the tool, making it less efficient in scenarios where using a tool rotated through 180° would be advantageous . This limitation negatively influences the efficiency and operating versatility, especially in working contexts that require rapid changes in orientation of the tools in order to optimise productivity .
[0008] Based on what is described above, the problem of having a gripping unit comprising an adaptor of the so-called "reversible type" and therefore arranged to be gripped from opposite sides is currently unresolved, and represents an interesting challenge for the applicant . In consideration of the situation described above, it would be desirable to have a gripping unit that, in addition to limiting and possibly overcoming the typical drawbacks of the prior art described above, defines a new quality standard for the sector of operating machines provided with articulated mechanical arms .
[0009] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0010] The present invention relates to a tool adaptor that can be operated by using an articulated arm provided through the interposition of a quick coupling. In particular, the present invention relates to an adaptor arranged to grip in a reversible manner tools that can be operated by using an articulated arm provided through the interposition of a non-reversible quick coupling.
[0011] The problems indicated above are solved by the present invention in accordance with at least one of the claimsthat follow.
[0012] According to several embodiments of the present invention, a tool adaptor is implemented, said adaptor being shaped to couple selectively with a quick coupling provided with a respective axle oriented according to a specific first direction transverse to a pair of sides carried parallel by a first plate in order to be interfaced rigidly at the end of a mechanical arm; said first plate having a rectangular "U-shaped" opening positioned centrally between said two sides on the opposite side to said axle, delimited by an edge transverse to said first direction (DI ) and closed on the opposite side to said axle by a guillotine member carried movably along said first direction against the action of at least one elastic member between a retracted position of closure of said opening and an advanced position of access to said opening; said adaptor being provided with a frame that extends along a specific second direction and is delimited by a first end portion and by a second end portion between which it has a central body; said frame being provided with hook-shaped means comprising a first front hook to house in shape said axle, on the side of said first end portion; the coupling means being carried centrally by said frame and shaped to couple in shape with said guillotine member, so as to angularly lock said frame with respect to said first plate when, in use, said first hooks house said axle and following a rotation of said first plate towards said central body; said hook-shaped means comprising a second rear hook on the side of said second end portion and shaped identically to said first hook in order to couple in shape with said axle and make coupling with said quick coupling reversible .
[0013] According to an embodiment as described above, said frameis shaped symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane on which said second direction lies; said coupling means comprising a cylindrical member coupled to said frame in a freely rotatable manner around a fulcrum axis transverse to said second direction in a central and equidistant position between said first hooks and second hooks and a coupling member of said guillotine member coupled centrally to said cylindrical member .
[0014] According to an embodiment as described above, said fulcrum axis lies on said longitudinal median plane and is transverse to said specific second direction; first drive means of said coupling member being provided to rotate said cylindrical member through 90° of alternative motion around said fulcrum axis; said first drive means being of the rack and pinion type .
[0015] According to an embodiment as described above, said frame is shaped symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane; the hook-shaped means comprise a pair of identical first side hooks shaped to house in shape said axle, arranged symmetrically with respect to said median plane and delimiting said central body on the side of said first end portion; said hook-shaped means comprise a pair of second side hooks identical to said first hooks and arranged symmetrically with respect to said median plane delimiting said central body.
[0016] According to an embodiment as described above, said coupling member comprises a V-shaped body provided with a central hub shaped to integrally couple with said cylindrical member and delimited by two first heads arranged radially at 90° , each of which having a respective concave shaped in an "L" shape in order to couple selectively with said guillotine member in shape on the side of said transverse edge .According to an embodiment as described above, said first drive means comprise, laterally to said central body, for each end of said cylindrical member, a pinion coupled axially in a rigid manner to said cylindrical member between a said first hook and a said second hook and, for each said pinion, a first guide seat parallel to said second direction obtained inside said frame facing said pinion between a said first hook and a corresponding said second hook; each said first seat being engaged by a first moving member formed by a first rod that is delimited axially by a rack portion that engages with a corresponding said pinion and, on the opposite side, by a first wedge-shaped portion that engages the corresponding said first hook, or the corresponding said second hook, with the function of probe of the corresponding said axle in order to move said first rod towards the corresponding said pinion and, consequently, to rotate said cylindrical member so as consequently to switch said V-shaped body in rotation from a first position in which one of said two first heads is lying on said central body and the remaining said first head is raised to interact with said first guillotine body and a second position of said V-shaped body overturned consequently by 90° .
[0017] According to an embodiment as described above, each said first rod has a recessed side portion obtained longitudinally and an engagement member carried by said frame with the function of blocking a longitudinal movement of said first rod.
[0018] According to an embodiment as described above, said fulcrum axis lies on said longitudinal median plane and is transverse to said specific second direction; second rotation means of said coupling member being provided to rotate said cylindrical member through 180° of alternativemotion around said fulcrum axis; said second drive means being of the crank and slotted link type .
[0019] According to an embodiment as described above, said coupling member comprises a second head shaped in an "L" shape and having a respective concave portion and shaped to couple selectively with said guillotine member; said second drive means comprise a second guide seat parallel to said second direction obtained inside said frame between a said first hook and a corresponding said second hook; a second moving member formed of a second rod that engages said second seat and is delimited axially by two second wedge-shaped portions, each of which engages the corresponding said first hook or the corresponding said second hook with the function of probe of said axle in order to move said second rod longitudinally in alternative motion between said first hook and the corresponding said second hook; a piston rod delimited longitudinally by two slots in order to couple with clearance to said cylindrical member in an axially eccentric position and to said second rod in a central position; said piston rod being pivoted to said central body between said second rod and said cylindrical body around a further fulcrum axis parallel to said fulcrum axis .
[0020] According to a possible construction variant of the present invention, a coupling member of a tool for an adaptor as described above is obtained; said tool being provided with a dorsal portion extended between a front support element and a front operating element reciprocally opposite each other according to a specific third direction, connected laterally by a pair of side reinforcement plates in order to maintain them at a determined distance along said third direction; said support element comprising an elongated connecting body arranged between said side plates; saidcoupling member comprising a second flat plate carried rigidly by said elongated body and shaped to couple with said central body of said adaptor; said second plate having a third end portion that protrudes with respect to said elongated body on the opposite side to said dorsal portion; said second flat plate having a longitudinal extension that approximates a longitudinal extension of said central body in order to couple together in a joined manner and comprises a fourth end portion on the side of said dorsal portion shaped to be raised with respect to the latter to a sufficient extent to distance each said first hook and each said second hook from said front operating element by a length that approximates said specific distance, so as to make them both accessible to said axle and to carry said adaptor in an operatively reversible manner .
[0021] According to a possible construction variant of the present invention, a tool comprising a coupling member as described above is obtained.
[0022] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Further characteristics and advantages of the adaptor according to the present invention will become apparent from the following description, stated with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate at least one example of a non-limiting embodiment, in which identical or corresponding parts of the adaptor are identified by the same reference numbers . In detail :
[0024] - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view, with parts not shown for clarity, of a gripping unit comprising a first embodiment of an adaptor according to the present invention in a first operating configuration;
[0025] - Figure 2 is an exploded view and on an enlarged scale of Figure 1, with parts removed for clarity;
[0026] - Figure 3 is a rotated view and on an enlarged scale ofFigure 1, with parts removed for clarity;
[0027] - Figures 4 to 6 show Figure 1 on an enlarged scale in several operating conditions;
[0028] - Figures 7 and 8 are perspective side views of the adaptor of Figure 1 in two different operating conditions;
[0029] - Figure 9 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a detail of the adaptor of Figures 7 and 8 ;
[0030] - Figure 10 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a first unit extracted from Figure 7 on an enlarged scale; - Figure 11 is an exploded view of Figure 10;
[0031] - Figure 12 is a schematic perspective view, with parts not shown for clarity, of a second embodiment of an adaptor according to the present invention in a first operating configuration;
[0032] - Figures 13 and 14 are cross-sectional views according to two transverse median planes of Figure 1 ;
[0033] - Figure 15 is a view from below and in longitudinal section of Figure 12 ; and
[0034] - Figure 16 is a schematic three-dimensional view of a second unit extracted from Figure 12 with parts removed for clarity.
[0035] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0036] Before describing in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention or details of it, it is considered useful to specify that the relative scope of protection is not limited to the particular embodiments described here below. The disclosure and description in this document are illustrative and explanatory of one or more currently preferred embodiments and variants, and it will be clear to people skilled in the art that various changes in the design, in the organisation, in the order of operation, in the structures of the equipment and position, in the operating means, in the method and use of mechanicalequivalents could be made without being extraneous to the spirit of the invention.
[0037] Furthermore, it must be understood that the purpose of the appended figures is to illustrate and clearly disclose currently preferred embodiments to one of the people skilled in the art, but that they are not drawings that illustrate how such embodiments should be performed in reality or actual representations of end products; on the contrary, these figures could comprise simplified conceptual views to facilitate understanding or to allow an easier and rapid explanation to be provided. Furthermore, the dimensions and the relevant arrangement of the components could differ from the ones shown and still function in the spirit of the invention .
[0038] In any case, it will be clear that various directions, such as "upper" , "lower" , "left" , "right" , "front" , "rear" and so on, are made only with respect to the explanation, in combination with the drawings, and that the components could be oriented in a different way, for example during transport and production, and also during functioning. Since many different and separate embodiments could be made within the scope of the concepts taught here, and since there are multiple changes that could be made to the embodiments described here, it must be understood that the details provided below should be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting the spirit of the invention. In Figure 1, the number 1 indicates, in its entirety, a gripping unit 1 comprising an adaptor 10 for tools U designed to couple selectively with a respective quick coupling 20 provided with a first flat plate 26 delimited by respective opposing faces, one of which carries an axle 22 oriented according to a specific first direction DI through a pair of brackets 220, and the second of whichcarries, and is laterally delimited by, a pair of sides 24, 24' parallel and transverse to the first direction DI, where such sides 24, 24' are shaped to be connected rigidly to a free end of a mechanical arm A, of which only an end portion is schematised in Figure 1 with a dotted line, to save on drawing. The first plate 26 has a rectangular opening 226, delimited by a "U-shaped" perimeter, in a central position between the two sides 24, 24' and positioned longitudinally on the opposite side to the axle 22. According to Figures 3 to 6, such opening 226 is delimited by an edge 2260 transverse to the first direction DI and closed by a guillotine member 2262 carried movably between the two sides 24 / 24' by a guide 240 oriented as the first direction DI against the action of at least one elastic member 2290, visible in Figure 3 only, between a retracted position of closure Pl and an advanced position of access P2, visible respectively in Figures 4 and 6. The adaptor 10 is provided with a frame 12 that extends along a specific second direction D2, is shaped symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane PML on which the specific second direction D2 lies and comprises a central body 124, is delimited by a first end portion 120 and by a second end portion 122 on opposite sides .
[0039] With particular reference to Figure 2, the tool U comprises a coupling member 50 provided with a second flat plate 52 with longitudinal extension that approximates a longitudinal extension of the central body 124 in order to couple together in a joined manner . The frame 12 comprises hook-shaped members 14 shaped to house in shape the axle 22 and, in this regard, provided with at least a first front hook 140 on the side of the first end portion 120 and at least a second rear hook 142 on the side of thesecond end portion 122. Without limiting the scope of the present invention, the hook-shaped members 14 comprise a pair of identical first side hooks 140 shaped to house in shape the axle 22, arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane PML and delimiting the central body 124 on the side of the first end portion 120 and a pair of second side hooks 142 identical to the first hooks 140 and arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane PML delimiting the central body 124 on the side of the second end portion 122.
[0040] With particular reference to Figures 1 to 6, the frame 12 carries centrally a coupling unit 18 arranged to couple in shape with the guillotine member 2262, so as to angularly lock the frame 12 with respect to the first plate 26 when, in use, each first hook 140 houses the axle 22 and following a rotation of the mechanical arm A serving to carry the first plate 26 towards the central body 124. According to Figures 1, 2, 7 to 10, the coupling unit 18 comprises a cylindrical member 180 coupled to the frame 12 in a freely rotating manner around a first fulcrum axis AX1 transverse to the specific second direction D2 and to the longitudinal median plane PML, arranged in a central and equidistant position between the first end portion 120 and the second end portion 122 ; furthermore, the coupling unit 18 comprises a coupling member 182 of the guillotine member 2262 coupled centrally to the cylindrical member 180, so the coupling member 182 is carried by the frame 12 rotatably around the fulcrum axis AX1 . The coupling member 182 comprises a V-shaped body 184 provided with a central hub 186 shaped to integrally couple with the cylindrical member 180 and delimited by two first heads 188 and 188' arranged radially at 90° , each of which has a respective concave portion 1880 / 1880' shaped in an "L" shape in orderto couple selectively in shape with the guillotine member 2262 on the side of the transverse edge 2260. In Figure 11 only, a plug 1860 is visible that relates angularly to the hub 186 with respect to the V-shaped body 184.
[0041] With particular reference to Figure 3 and to Figure 9, the frame 12 is provided with respective abutment elements 1240 for the first plate 26 positioned at the sides of the central body 124, the function of which, in use, is to act as an end stop for a rotation motion of the first plate 26 with respect to the frame 12 that determines the coupling in shape between the concave portion 1880 / 1880' and the guillotine member 2262.
[0042] With particular reference to Figures 10 and 11, the coupling unit 18 comprises a drive unit 30 of the coupling member 182 shaped to rotate the cylindrical member 180 through 90° of alternative motion around the fulcrum axis AX1 ; the first drive means 30 are of the rack and pinion type .
[0043] With particular reference to Figures 7 to 11, the drive unit 30 comprises, laterally to the central body 124, for each end of the cylindrical member 180, a pinion 32 / 32' coupled axially in a rigid manner to the cylindrical member 180 between a first hook 140 and a corresponding second hook 142' and, for each pinion 32 / 32' , a first guide seat 34 / 34' parallel to the second direction D2 obtained inside the frame 12 between a first hook 140 and a corresponding second hook 142 facing the pinion 32 / 32' . The drive unit 30 comprises a first moving member 36 / 36' that engages a first seat 34 / 34 ' and is formed of a first rod 36 / 36' , identified with the same reference number for the sake of practicality, delimited axially by a rack portion 340 / 340' that engages with a corresponding pinion 32 / 32' and, on the opposite side, by a first wedge-shaped portion 342 / 342'that engages the corresponding first hook 140, or the corresponding second hook 142, based on the side of the frame 12 considered. As can be seen in Figures 7 and 8, each first wedge-shaped portion 342 / 342' has the function of probe of the corresponding axle 22 to move the corresponding first rod 36 / 36' towards the corresponding pinion 32 / 32' and, consequently, to rotate the cylindrical member 180 in a manner so as to consequently switch the V-shaped body 184 in rotation from a first position in which one of the two first heads 188 / 188' is lying on the central body 124 (Figure 9) and the remaining first head 188 / 188' is raised to interact with the guillotine body 2262 (Figure 7 ) and a second position of the V-shaped body 184 overturned consequently by 90° (Figure 8 ) .
[0044] In Figures 7 and 8, the first seat 34 engages for the entire length a side portion of the frame 12 between the corresponding first hook 140 and the corresponding second hook 142, without thus restricting the scope of the present invention, which would provide for obtaining the first seat 34, and therefore also the first seat 34' opposite and not visible in Figures 7 and 8, only for the section of frame 12 arranged between the pinion 32, or a pinion 32' not visible, and one between the corresponding first hook 140 and second hook 142. In any case, obtaining the frame 12 as in Figures 7 and 8 makes it perfectly symmetrical .
[0045] With particular reference to Figures 10 and 11, each first rod 36 / 36' has a recessed lateral portion 360 / 360' obtained longitudinally and an engagement member 362 / 362' carried by the frame 12 with the function of blocking a longitudinal movement of the first rod 36, the obj ect of which is to avoid the rotation of each corresponding rod 36 / 36' and, overall, to keep the two rods 36 and 36' inphase .
[0046] Use of the adaptor 10 is easily understandable from what is described above and does not require further explanations . In any case, it is easy to understand that having designed the frame 12 of the adaptor 10 as described above, and in particular with the hooks 140 and 142 on opposite sides to the central body 124 of the coupling, makes said adaptor 10 reversible .
[0047] Furthermore, it is useful to specify that, in order to make the adaptor 10 operatively reversible, the tool U has a dorsal portion UD extended between a front support element SE and a front operating element OE, which, in the case of a bucket, coincides with the respective blade, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, without thus limiting the scope of the present invention. The front support element SE and the front operating element OE are reciprocally opposite each other, according to a specific third direction D3 (Figure 1 ) , and are connected by a pair of side reinforcement plates LP to maintain them at a specific distance along the third direction D3 . In particular, without limiting the scope of the present invention, the support element SE comprises an elongated connecting body EB (Figure 2 ) arranged between the side plates LP and the second flat plate 52 is rigidly carried by the elongated body EB and shaped to couple with the central body 124 of the adaptor 10; the second plate 52 has a third end portion 520 that protrudes with respect to the elongated body EB on the opposite side to the dorsal portion UD; the second flat plate 52 has a longitudinal extension that approximates a longitudinal extension of the central body 124 (in order to couple together in a joined manner) and comprises a fourth end portion 522 on the side of the dorsal portion UD, shaped to be raised with respect to thelatter to a sufficient extent to distance each first hook 140 and each second hook 142 from the front operating element OE by a length that approximates the specific distance along the specific direction D3, so as to make them both operatively accessible to the axle 22.
[0048] In conclusion, it is clear that changes and variants may be made to the actuator 10 described and illustrated here without thus deviating from the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0049] In particular, with reference to Figures 12 to 17, the coupling unit 18 comprises a cylindrical member 180' coupled to the frame 12 in a freely rotating manner around a second fulcrum axis AX2 that is transverse to the specific second direction D2 and lies on the longitudinal median plane PML, in a central and equidistant position between the first end portion 120 and the second end portion 122. In this case, the coupling unit 18 further comprises a second drive unit 40 that is of the crank and slotted link type for the coupling member 182' , dual for the coupling member 182 of the coupling unit of Figures 1 to 11, the obj ect of which is to rotate the cylindrical member 180' through 180° of alternative motion around the second fulcrum axis AX2 .
[0050] With particular reference to Figures 12 to 14 and 17, the coupling member 182' comprises a second head 183 identical to the first heads 188 and 188' , shaped in an "L" shape and provided with a respective concave portion 1830 (identical to the concave portion 1880 of the first heads 188 and 188' ) to couple selectively with the guillotine member 2262. The second drive unit 40 comprises a second guide seat 44 (Figure 13) parallel to the second direction D2 obtained inside the frame 12 between a first hook 140 and a corresponding second hook 142. The second drive unit40 further comprising a second moving member 46 formed of a second rod 46 that engages the second seat 44 and is delimited axially by two second wedge-shaped portions 442, each of which engages the corresponding first hook 140 or the corresponding second hook 142 with the function of probe of the axle 22 in order to move the second rod 46 longitudinally with alternative motion between the first hook 140 and the corresponding second hook 142, in entirely the same manner as the first wedge-shaped portions 342 and 342' . The second drive unit 40 further comprises a piston rod 47 delimited longitudinally by two slots 470 and 470' in order to couple with clearance the cylindrical member 180' in an axially eccentric position with respect to the axis AX2 and the second rod 46 in a central position. In particular, with reference to Figure 15, the piston rod 47 is pivoted to the central body 124 between the second rod 46 and the cylindrical member 180' around a third fulcrum axis AX3 parallel to the second fulcrum axis AX2, equidistant from the first hooks 140 and from the second hooks 142 .
[0051] In the claims, any sign of reference between brackets should not be interpreted as a limitation of the claim. The words "that comprises" do not exclude the presence of other elements or steps in addition to those listed in a claim. Furthermore, the term "one" , as used in this context, is defined as one or more than one . Furthermore, the use of introductory expressions such as "at least one" and "one or more" in the claims should not be interpreted in the sense that introduction of another claim element identified using the indefinite article "one" limits any claim in which said claim element appears singularly, even when said claim comprises the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and the indefinite article "one" .The same applies for the use of definite articles . Unless otherwise established, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to arbitrarily distinguish the elements that such terms describe . Consequently, these terms are not necessarily intended to indicate the temporal or other type of priority of these elements . The simple fact that several measurements are stated in reciprocally different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measurements cannot be used to advantage .
Claims
CLAIMS1 . An adaptor ( 10 ) for tools (U) , said adaptor ( 10 ) being shaped to couple selectively with a quick coupling ( 20 ) provided with a respective axle ( 22 ) oriented according to a speci fic first direction ( DI ) transverse to a pair of sides ( 24 , 24 ' ) carried parallel by a first plate ( 26 ) in order to be interfaced rigidly at the end to a mechanical arm (A) ; said first plate ( 22 ) having a rectangular "U-shaped" opening ( 226 ) positioned centrally between said two sides ( 24 , 24 ' ) on the opposite side to said axle ( 22 ) , delimited by an edge ( 2260 ) transverse to said first direction ( DI ) and closed on the opposite side to said axle ( 22 ) by a guillotine member ( 2262 ) carried movably along said first direction ( DI ) against the action of at least one elastic member ( 2290 ) between a retracted position of closure ( Pl ) of said opening ( 226 ) and an advanced position ( P2 ) of access to said opening ( 226 ) ; said adaptor ( 10 ) being provided with a frame ( 12 ) that extends along a speci fic second direction ( D2 ) and is delimited by a first end portion ( 120 ) and by a second end portion ( 122 ) between which it has a central body ( 124 ) ; said frame ( 12 ) being provided with hook-shaped means ( 14 ) comprising a first front hook ( 140 ) to house in shape said axle ( 22 ) , on the side of said f irst end portion ( 120 ) ; said hooking means ( 18 ) being carried centrally by said frame ( 12 ) and shaped to couple in shape with said guillotine member ( 2262 ) , so as to angularly lock said frame ( 12 ) with respect to said first plate ( 22 ) when, in use , said first hooks ( 140 ) house said axle ( 22 ) and following a rotation of said first plate ( 26 ) towards said central body ( 124 ) ; characterised in that said hook-shaped means ( 14 ) comprise a second rear hook ( 142 ) on the side of said second end portion ( 122 ) and shaped identically tosaid first hook ( 140 ) in order to couple in shape with said axle ( 22 ) and make coupling with said quick coupling ( 20 ) reversible .2 . The adaptor according to claim 1 , characterised in that said frame ( 12 ) is shaped symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane ( PML ) on which said second direction ( D2 ) lies ; said coupling means ( 18 ) comprising a cylindrical member ( 180 , 180 ' ) coupled to said frame ( 12 ) in a freely rotatable manner around a fulcrum axis (AX1 ) (AX2 ) transverse to said second direction ( D2 ) in a central and equidistant position between said first hooks ( 140 ) and second hooks ( 142 ) and a coupling member ( 182 ) ( 182 ' ) of said gui llotine member ( 2262 ) coupled centrally to said cylindrical member ( 180 , 180 ' ) .3 . The adaptor according to claim 2 , characterised in that said fulcrum axis (AX1 ) lies on said longitudinal median plane ( PML ) and is transverse to said speci fic second direction ( D2 ) ; first drive means ( 30 ) of said coupling member ( 182 ) being provided to rotate said cylindrical member ( 180 ) through 90 ° of alternative motion around said fulcrum axis (AX1 ) ; said first drive means ( 30 ) being of the rack and pinion type .4 . The adaptor according to claim 2 or 3 , characterised in that said frame ( 12 ) is shaped symmetrically with respect to a longitudinal median plane ( PML ) ; the hook-shaped means ( 14 ) comprise a pair of identical first side hooks ( 140 ) shaped to house in shape said axle ( 22 ) , arranged symmetrically with respect to said median plane ( PML ) and delimiting said central body ( 124 ) on the side of said first end portion ( 120 ) ; said hook-shaped means ( 14 ) comprising a pair of second side hooks ( 142 ) identical to said first hooks ( 140 ) and arranged symmetrically with respect to said median plane ( PML ) delimiting said centralbody ( 124 ) .5 . The adaptor according to claim 4 , characterised in that said coupling member ( 182 ) comprises a V-shaped body ( 184 ) provided with a central hub ( 186 ) shaped to integrally couple with said cylindrical member ( 180 ) and delimited by two first heads ( 188 ) ( 188 ’ ) arranged radially at 90 ° , each of which having a respective concave portion ( 1880 ) ( 1880 ’ ) shaped in an "L" shape in order to couple selectively with said guillotine member ( 2262 ) in shape on the side of said transverse edge ( 2260 ) .6 . The adaptor according to claim 5 , characterised in that said first drive means ( 30 ) comprise , laterally to said central body ( 124 ) , for each end o f said cylindrical member ( 180 ) ( 180 ' ) , a pinion ( 32 ) ( 32 ' ) coupled axially in a rigid manner to said cylindrical member ( 180 ) ( 180 ’ ) between a said first hook ( 140 ) and a said second hook ( 142 ’ ) and, for each said pinion ( 32 ) ( 32 ’ ) , a first guide seat ( 34 ) ( 34 ' ) parallel to said second direction ( D2 ) obtained inside said frame ( 12 ) facing said pinion ( 32 ) ( 32 ' ) between a said first hook ( 140 ) and a corresponding said second hook ( 142 ) ; each said first seat ( 34 ) ( 34 ' ) being engaged by a first moving member ( 36 ) ( 36 ' ) formed by a first rod ( 36 ) ( 36 ' ) that is delimited axially by a rack portion ( 340 ) ( 340 ’ ) that engages with a corresponding said pinion ( 32 ) ( 32 ' ) and, on the opposite side , by a first wedge-shaped portion ( 342 ) ( 342 ’ ) that engages the corresponding said first hook ( 140 ) , or the corresponding said second hook ( 142 ) , with the function of probe of the corresponding said axle ( 22 ) in order to move said first rod ( 36 ) ( 36 ' ) towards the corresponding said pinion ( 32 ) ( 32 ' ) and, consequently, to rotate said cylindrical member ( 182 ) so as consequently to switch said V-shaped body ( 184 ) in rotation from a first position in which one of said twofirst heads ( 188 ) ( 188 ' ) is lying on said central body ( 124 ) and the remaining said first head ( 188 ) ( 188 ’ ) is raised to interact with said first guillotine body ( 2262 ) and a second position of said V- shaped body ( 184 ) overturned consequently by 90 ° .7 . The adaptor according to claim 6 , characterised in that each said first rod ( 36 ) ( 36 ' ) has a recessed side portion ( 360 ) ( 360 ’ ) obtained longitudinally and an engagement member ( 362 ) ( 362 ' ) carried by said frame ( 12 ) with the function of blocking a longitudinal movement of said first rod ( 36 ) .8 . The adaptor according to claim 2 , characterised in that said fulcrum axis (AX2 ) lies on said longitudinal median plane ( PML ) and is transverse to said speci fic second direction ( D2 ) ; second rotation means ( 40 ) of said coupling member ( 182 ’ ) being provided to rotate said cylindrical member ( 180 ’ ) through 180 ° of alternative motion around said fulcrum axis (AX2 ) ; said second drive means ( 40 ) being of crank and slotted link type .9 . The adaptor according to claim 8 , characterised in that said coupling member ( 182 ’ ) comprises a second head ( 183 ) shaped in an "L" shape and having a respective concave portion ( 1830 ) and shaped to couple selectively with said guillotine member ( 2262 ) ; said second drive means ( 40 ) comprising a second guide seat ( 44 ) parallel to said second direction ( D2 ) obtained inside said frame ( 12 ) between a said first hook ( 140 ) and a corresponding said second hook ( 142 ) ; a second moving member ( 46 ) formed of a second rod ( 46 ) that engages said second seat ( 44 ) and is delimited axially by two second wedge-shaped portions ( 442 ) , each of which engages the corresponding said first hook ( 140 ) or the corresponding said second hook ( 142 ) with the function of probe of said axle ( 22 ) in order to move said secondrod (46) longitudinally in alternative motion between said first hook ( 140) and the corresponding said second hook ( 142 ) ; a piston rod (47) delimited longitudinally by two slots (470) ( 470 ’ ) in order to couple with clearance to said cylindrical member ( 180 ’ ) in an axially eccentric position and to said second rod (46) in a central position; said piston rod (47 ) being pivoted to said central body ( 124 ) between said second rod (46) and said cylindrical body ( 180 ’ ) around a further fulcrum axis (AX3) parallel to said fulcrum axis (AX2 ) .
10. A coupling member (50) of a tool (U) for an adaptor ( 10) according to any one of the preceding claims; said tool (U) being provided with a dorsal portion (UD) extended between a front support element (SE) and a front operating element (OE) reciprocally opposite each other according to a specific third direction (D3) , connected laterally by a pair of side reinforcement plates (LP) in order to maintain them at a determined distance along said third direction (D3) ; said support element (SE) comprising an elongated connecting body (EB) arranged between said side plates (LP) ; said coupling member (50) comprising a second flat plate (52 ) carried rigidly by said elongated body (EB) and shaped to couple with said central body ( 124 ) of said adaptor ( 10) ; said second plate (52 ) having a third end portion (520) that protrudes with respect to said elongated body (EB) on the opposite side to said dorsal portion (UD) ; characterised in that said second flat plate (52 ) has a longitudinal extension that approximates a longitudinal extension of said central body ( 124 ) in order to couple together in a joined manner and comprises a fourth end portion (522 ) on the side of said dorsal portion (UD) shaped to be raised with respect to the latter to a sufficient extent to distance each said first hook ( 140)and each said second hook ( 142 ) from said front operating element (OE) by a length that approximates said specific distance, so as to make them both accessible to said axle (22 ) and to carry said adaptor ( 10) in an operatively reversible manner .
11. The tool characterised in that it comprises a coupling member according to claim 10.