Battery pack and vehicle including same

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention may provide a battery pack comprising: a battery cell; a cell accommodating part having an accommodating space formed therein such that the battery cell is accommodated; a coolant configured to flow in the accommodation space to cool the battery cell; and a pressure relief unit configured to introduce the coolant flowing in the accommodation space so that the pressure of the accommodation space is relieved when the pressure of the accommodation space is higher than a threshold pressure. The pressure relief unit includes: a decompression body unit having a pressure relief space configured to allow the coolant discharged from the accommodation space to flow; a decompression inlet unit configured to introduce the coolant discharged from the accommodation space and to communicate with the lower portion of the pressure relief space; and a decompression discharge unit configured to discharge the coolant from the pressure relief space and to communicate with the upper portion of the pressure relief space.

Description

Battery pack and vehicle including the same

[0001] The technical field of the present invention relates to a battery pack and a vehicle including the same.

[0002] Recently, electric vehicles, which use electricity as a power source instead of fossil fuels, are becoming widely adopted. In the case of electric vehicles, battery packs composed of secondary batteries that supply electricity for power generation have been developed and are being distributed. For electric vehicles, the battery pack is generally mounted on the underside of the vehicle body.

[0003] When a battery pack is mounted on the underside of a vehicle body, it is placed in a harsh environment close to the road surface. Since the only protective device for the battery pack is the battery pack case, a robust design for water and dust resistance is required, and thus, a sealed battery pack design is being implemented.

[0004] However, due to the characteristics of secondary batteries such as lithium-ion batteries used in battery packs, a significant amount of heat is generated during charging and discharging, leading to issues such as performance degradation and reduced lifespan. Therefore, heat dissipation measures are particularly essential for battery packs with a sealed structure.

[0005] Battery cell cooling methods can be broadly classified into air cooling and water cooling. Air cooling utilizes air circulation via a fan; while its structure is simple, it presents a problem in that it is difficult to significantly increase heat dissipation capacity due to the low heat transfer coefficient and specific heat of air.

[0006] Since water-cooling involves bringing cooling pipes into direct or indirect contact with battery cells, it offers superior cooling performance compared to air-cooling and enables complete sealing and waterproofing; however, heat transfer must occur through multiple stages, including at least the battery cells, cooling pipes, and coolant.

[0007] During this process, there is a structural imbalance in heat dissipation depending on the distance between the battery cells and the coolant, as well as the heat transfer medium. Consequently, variations in heat dissipation between battery cells can lead to battery pack performance degradation and even fire.

[0008] To address these issues, a method of cooling battery cells by immersing them in a coolant has recently become known. In this immersion cooling method, the battery cells and the coolant are housed within a sealed case to prevent leakage of the coolant used to cool the battery cells.

[0009] On the other hand, in the case of this immersion cooling method, if thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the pressure in the housing space containing the battery cell increases rapidly, causing the cell housing to bulge outward. In this case, cracks may form in the cell housing, leading to leakage of the coolant or damage to the case, which results in a shortened lifespan of the battery pack.

[0010] The present invention, conceived in consideration of the aforementioned problems, may provide a battery pack and a vehicle including the same that can prevent the pressure in the receiving space in which the battery cell is accommodated from rising excessively by relieving the pressure in the receiving space in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0011] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present invention for solving the above-described problem, a battery pack may be provided comprising: a battery cell; a cell receiving portion having a receiving space formed therein for accommodating the battery cell; a coolant configured to flow in the receiving space to cool the battery cell; and a pressure relief portion configured to allow the coolant flowing in the receiving space to flow in so that the pressure in the receiving space is relieved when the pressure in the receiving space becomes higher than a critical pressure, wherein the pressure relief portion comprises: a pressure relief body portion having a pressure relief space formed therein for the coolant discharged from the receiving space to flow in; a pressure relief inlet portion configured to allow the coolant discharged from the receiving space to flow in and communicating with the lower part of the pressure relief space; and a pressure relief outlet portion configured to allow the coolant to be discharged from the pressure relief space and communicating with the upper part of the pressure relief space.

[0013] In addition, a battery pack may be provided that further includes a cooling circulation unit configured to allow the coolant discharged from the above-mentioned receiving space to flow in and discharge, and to cool the coolant that flows in.

[0014] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided, comprising: a first passage connecting the discharge port of the cell receiving portion and the inlet port of the cooling circulation portion and guiding the flow of the coolant; a second passage connecting the discharge port of the cell receiving portion and the pressure inlet portion and guiding the flow of the coolant; and a valve portion that selectively opens and closes the second passage based on the pressure of the receiving space, wherein the valve portion is configured to open the second passage when the pressure of the receiving space is higher than the critical pressure.

[0015] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided that further includes a third passage connecting the discharge port of the cooling circulation unit and the inlet port of the cell receiving unit and guiding the flow of the coolant, wherein the cell receiving unit, the first passage, the cooling circulation unit, and the third passage form a single first circulation path for the coolant to flow through.

[0016] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided that further comprises: a third passage connecting the discharge port of the cooling circulation unit and the inlet port of the cell receiving unit and guiding the flow of the coolant; and a fourth passage connecting the pressure relief discharge unit and the inlet port of the cooling circulation unit and guiding the flow of the coolant, wherein the cell receiving unit, the second passage, the pressure relief unit, the fourth passage, the cooling circulation unit, and the third passage form a second circulation path for the flow of the coolant.

[0017] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided, wherein the valve portion comprises a relief valve having a structure that opens the second passage when the pressure in the receiving space becomes higher than the critical pressure, and closes the second passage when the pressure in the receiving space is lower than or equal to the critical pressure.

[0018] In addition, a battery pack may be provided in which the diameter of the second passage is formed to be larger than the diameter of the first passage.

[0019] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided, comprising: a sensor for measuring the pressure of the receiving space; and a controller for controlling the valve unit based on the pressure of the receiving space measured by the sensor, wherein the valve unit is configured to selectively open and close the first passage, and the controller controls the valve unit to close the first passage and open the second passage when the pressure of the receiving space measured by the sensor is higher than the critical pressure, and controls the valve unit to open the first passage and close the second passage when the pressure of the receiving space measured by the sensor is lower than or equal to the critical pressure.

[0020] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided, wherein the valve portion comprises a three-way valve configured to control the opening and closing of the first passage and the opening and closing of the second passage.

[0021] Additionally, a battery pack may be provided, wherein the valve portion comprises: a first valve for selectively opening and closing the first passage; and a second valve for selectively opening and closing the second passage.

[0022] In addition, a vehicle including the above battery pack may be provided.

[0023] The battery pack according to the present invention and the vehicle including the same have the effect of minimizing product damage by preventing the pressure in the receiving space from becoming excessively high in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0024] However, the effects obtainable through the present invention are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned technical effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0025] FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram showing a battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a battery cell and a receiving portion according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure relief section according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the first passage and the second passage according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow path of the coolant in normal conditions of a battery cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the flow path of the coolant in a thermal runaway situation of a battery pack according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 7 is a conceptual block diagram showing a battery pack according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 8 is a conceptual block diagram of a battery pack according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing a vehicle including a battery pack according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention.

[0034] Where in this specification it is stated that one component is "connected," "coupled," or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while the components may be directly connected or connected to each other, another component may be "interposed" between each component, or each component may be "connected," "coupled," or "connected" through another component.

[0035] Throughout the specification, "A and / or B" means A, B, or A and B unless specifically stated otherwise, and "C to D" means C or more and D or less unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0036] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, a battery pack (10) according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0037] FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram of a battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a battery cell and a receiving portion according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a pressure relief portion according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a first passage and a second passage according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow path of a coolant in a normal state of a battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the flow path of a coolant in a thermal runaway state of a battery pack according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery pack (10) according to the first embodiment can relieve the pressure in the receiving space (S) in which the battery cell (100) described later is received during a thermal runaway situation, thereby preventing the pressure in the receiving space (S) from becoming excessively high. The battery pack (10) may include a battery cell (100), a cell receiving section (200), a cooling circulation section (300), a pressure relief section (400), a passage section (500), and a valve section (600).

[0039] Referring further to FIG. 2, the battery cell (100) may be a secondary battery including an electrode assembly, a battery housing, a current collector, etc. Furthermore, the battery cell (100) may further include a housing cover, an insulator, a terminal, a sealing gasket, an insulating gasket, etc. The shape of the battery cell (100) is not limited and may be provided as a prismatic battery, a cylindrical battery, etc. Additionally, the battery cell (100) may be provided in multiple numbers to form a cell stack.

[0040] A receiving space (S) for receiving a battery cell (100) may be formed inside the cell receiving portion (200). This cell receiving portion (200) may be a case that encloses the battery cell (100). In the remaining space of the receiving space (S), excluding the space occupied by the battery cell (100), a coolant (F) may flow. An inlet for the coolant (F) may be formed on one side of the cell receiving portion (200), and an outlet for the coolant (F) may be formed on the other side of the cell receiving portion (200).

[0041] Referring again to FIG. 1, the cooling circulation unit (300) may include a circulation tank into which a coolant (F) discharged from the cell receiving unit (200) flows, and a chiller for cooling the inflowed coolant (F). An inlet may be formed on one side of the cooling circulation unit (300) to allow the coolant (F) to flow in, and an outlet may be formed on the other side of the cooling circulation unit (300) to allow the cooled coolant (F) to be discharged. The coolant (F) may include, for example, insulating oil.

[0042] Referring further to FIG. 3, the pressure relief unit (400) can relieve the pressure of the receiving space (S) so that the pressure of the receiving space (S) is lowered when the pressure of the receiving space (S) is formed higher than the critical pressure. This pressure relief unit (400) may include a pressure relief body unit (410), a pressure relief inlet unit (420), and a pressure relief outlet unit (430).

[0043] The pressure relief body part (410) can form the exterior of the pressure relief part (400). A pressure relief space (P) can be formed inside this pressure relief body part (410). In the pressure relief space (P), a coolant (F) discharged from the receiving space (S) can flow.

[0044] The pressure inlet section (420) may provide an inlet through which a coolant (F) discharged from the receiving space (S) is introduced. This pressure inlet section (420) may be connected to the lower part of the pressure relief space (P).

[0045] The pressure discharge section (430) may provide a discharge port through which the coolant (F) flowing in the pressure relief space (P) is discharged. This pressure discharge section (430) may be connected to the upper part of the pressure relief space (P). This pressure discharge section (430) may be located above the pressure inlet section (420). By creating a height difference between this pressure inlet section (420) and the pressure discharge section (430), the volume occupied by the coolant (F) is temporarily expanded, thereby allowing the pressure of the high-pressure coolant (F) introduced into the pressure inlet section (420) to be relieved.

[0046] The passage section (500) may provide a plurality of passages (510, 520, 530, 540) for the flow of a coolant (F). Each of the plurality of passages (510, 520, 530, 540) may be provided in a pipe shape. These plurality of passages (510, 520, 530, 540) may include a first passage (510), a second passage (520), a third passage (530), and a fourth passage (540).

[0047] Referring further to FIG. 4, the first passage (510) can be connected to the discharge port of the cell receiving portion (200) and the inlet port of the cooling circulation portion (300). For example, the coolant (F) discharged from the cell receiving portion (200) can pass through the first passage (510) and flow into the cooling circulation portion (300).

[0048] Referring further to FIGS. 5 and 6, the second passage (520) may be connected to the discharge port of the cell receiving section (200) and the sea pressure inlet section (420). For example, the coolant (F) discharged from the cell receiving section (200) may pass through the second passage (520) and flow into the sea pressure inlet section (420). As a detailed example, when the pressure of the receiving space (S) is higher than the critical pressure, the coolant (F) discharged from the cell receiving section (200) may flow into the second passage (520). More specifically, when the pressure of the receiving space (S) is higher than the critical pressure, some of the coolant (F) may flow into the first passage (510), and the remaining part of the coolant (F) may flow into the second passage (520). A situation in which the pressure of the receiving space (S) is higher than the critical pressure may occur during a thermal propagation situation of the battery cell (100). Additionally, in a normal situation where the battery cell (100) is not in a thermal propagation situation, the pressure of the receiving space (S) may be lower than or equal to the critical pressure. In other words, in a thermal propagation situation of the battery cell (100), it may flow into both the first passage (510) and the second passage (520).

[0049] Additionally, the first diameter (D1), which is the diameter of the first passage (510), may be smaller than the second diameter (D2), which is the diameter of the second passage (520). For example, if the second diameter (D2) is larger than the first diameter (D1), when the coolant (F) is introduced into both the first passage (510) and the second passage (520), the flow rate of the coolant (F) introduced into the second passage (520) per unit time may be greater than the flow rate of the coolant (F) introduced into the first passage (510) per unit time.

[0050] That is, as the second diameter (D2) is formed to be larger than the first diameter (D1), in a thermal runaway situation of the battery cell (100), the flow rate of the coolant (F) flowing into the pressure relief section (400) can be formed to be larger than the flow rate of the coolant (F) flowing into the cooling circulation section (300). Accordingly, in a thermal runaway situation of the battery cell (100), pressure relief in the receiving space (S) can occur more actively.

[0051] The first passage (510) and the second passage (520) may have a shape in which they are branched into two from a single pipe. However, the concept of the present invention is not limited to this example, and the first passage (510) and the second passage (520) may each be composed of separate pipes and each may be connected to the discharge port of the cell receiving portion (200).

[0052] The third passage (530) can connect the discharge port of the cooling circulation unit (300) with the inlet port of the cell receiving unit (200). In this third passage (530), the coolant (F) that has been cooled in the cooling circulation unit (300) can flow.

[0053] Referring again to FIG. 5, the cell receiving section (200), the first passage (510), the cooling circulation section (300), and the third passage (530) can form a first circulation path, which is a single circulation path that is sequentially connected. For example, when the pressure in the receiving space (S) is lower than or equal to the critical pressure (when the battery cell (100) is in a normal state), the coolant (F) can flow along the first circulation path.

[0054] The fourth passage (540) can be connected to the inlet of the pressure discharge section (430) and the cooling circulation section (300). The coolant (F) from which pressure has been relieved in the pressure relief section (400) can flow through this fourth passage (540).

[0055] Referring again to FIG. 6, the cell receiving section (200), the second passage (520), the pressure relief section (400), the fourth passage (540), the cooling circulation section (300), and the third passage (530) can form a second circulation path, which is a single circulation path that is sequentially connected. For example, when the pressure in the receiving space (S) is higher than the critical pressure (when the battery cell (100) is in a thermal runaway situation), the coolant (F) can flow along the second circulation path.

[0056] The valve section (600) may be configured to open the second passage (520) when the pressure in the receiving space (S) is higher than the critical pressure. As an example, this valve section (600) may include a relief valve. The relief valve may have a structure that opens the second passage (520) when the pressure in the receiving space (S) becomes higher than the critical pressure, and closes the second passage (520) when the pressure in the receiving space (S) is lower than or equal to the critical pressure. Since the structure of such a relief valve is a well-known technology, a detailed description thereof is omitted.

[0057]

[0058] Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 7, a battery pack (10) according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. When describing the battery pack according to the second embodiment, the differences from the battery pack according to the first embodiment will be explained mainly.

[0059] FIG. 7 is a conceptual block diagram showing a battery pack according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 7, the description of the battery cell (100), cell receiving portion (200), cooling circulation portion (300), pressure relief portion (400), and passage portion (500) of the battery pack (10) according to the second embodiment of the present invention is based on the description of the battery cell (100), cell receiving portion (200), cooling circulation portion (300), pressure relief portion (400), and passage portion (500) of the battery pack (10) according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] The valve section (600a) according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be provided as a three-way valve. For example, the valve section (600a) may selectively control the opening and closing of each of the first passage (510) and the second passage (520).

[0062] Additionally, the battery pack (10) may further include a sensor (700) and a controller (800). The sensor (700) can measure the pressure of the receiving space (S). The controller (800) can control the valve section (600a) based on the pressure value measured by the sensor (700). For example, the controller (800) can control the valve section (600a) to close the first passage (510) and open the second passage (520) when the pressure value measured by the sensor (700) is greater than the critical pressure (thermal runaway situation).

[0063] Additionally, the controller (800) can control the valve section (600a) to open the first passage (510) and close the second passage (520) when the pressure value measured by the sensor (700) is less than or equal to the critical pressure (normal situation).

[0064] The controller (800) may be implemented by a computing device including a microprocessor, and since the method of implementation is obvious to those skilled in the art, further detailed explanation is omitted.

[0065]

[0066] Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 8, a battery pack (10) according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. When describing the battery pack according to the third embodiment, the differences from the battery pack according to the second embodiment will be described mainly.

[0067] FIG. 8 is a conceptual block diagram of a battery pack according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 8, the description of the battery cell (100), cell receiving portion (200), cooling circulation portion (300), pressure relief portion (400), passage portion (500), and sensor (700) of the battery pack (10) according to the third embodiment of the present invention is based on the description of the battery cell (100), cell receiving portion (200), cooling circulation portion (300), pressure relief portion (400), and passage portion (500) of the battery pack (10) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] The valve section (600b) according to the third embodiment of the present invention may include a first valve (610) and a second valve (620). The first valve (610) can selectively control the opening and closing of the first passage (510). Additionally, the second valve (620) can selectively control the opening and closing of the second passage (520). These first valve (610) and second valve (620) may be provided as separate valves.

[0070] The controller (800) can independently control the first valve (610) and the second valve (620) respectively, based on the pressure value measured by the sensor (700).

[0071] The controller (800) can control the first valve (610) to close the first passage (510) and control the second valve (620) to open the second passage (520) when the pressure value measured by the sensor (700) is greater than the critical pressure (thermal runaway situation).

[0072] Additionally, the controller (800) can control the first valve (610) to open the first passage (510) and control the second valve (620) to close the second passage (520) when the pressure value measured by the sensor (700) is less than or equal to the critical pressure (normal situation).

[0073] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing a vehicle including a battery pack according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 9, a vehicle (1) according to the present invention includes at least one battery pack (10) according to a first to third embodiment of the present invention. A vehicle (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle, and includes a battery pack (10) according to the present invention. Additionally, the vehicle (1) includes a four-wheeled vehicle and a two-wheeled vehicle. Such a vehicle (1) may operate by receiving power from the battery pack (10).

[0075] Although the present invention has been described above by limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims described below by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0076] [Explanation of the symbol]

[0077] 1: Vehicle

[0078] 10: Battery pack

[0079] 100: Battery cell

[0080] 200: Cell reception area

[0081] 300: Cooling circulation unit

[0082] 400: Pressure relief unit

[0083] 410: Sea pressure body

[0084] 420: Sea pressure inflow section

[0085] 430: Sea pressure discharge section

[0086] 500: Passage section

[0087] 510: First passage

[0088] 520: Second Passage

[0089] 530: Third Passage

[0090] 540: 4th passage

[0091] 600, 600a, 600b: Valve section

[0092] 610: First valve

[0093] 620: Second valve

[0094] 700: Sensor

[0095] 800: Controller

[0096] S: Accommodation space

[0097] P: Pressure relief space

[0098] F: Coolant

Claims

1. Battery cell; A cell receiving portion having a receiving space formed therein for accommodating the battery cell; A coolant configured to flow in the receiving space to cool the battery cell; and It includes a pressure relief unit configured to allow the coolant flowing in the receiving space to flow in so that the pressure in the receiving space is relieved when the pressure in the receiving space becomes higher than the critical pressure. The above pressure relief unit is, A pressure relief body part having a pressure relief space formed therein, configured to allow the coolant discharged from the above receiving space to flow; A pressure inlet section configured to allow the coolant discharged from the above receiving space to flow in, and communicating with the lower part of the pressure relief space; and A device configured to discharge the coolant from the pressure relief space and including a pressure discharge unit communicating with the upper part of the pressure relief space. Battery pack.

2. In Paragraph 1, A cooling circulation unit further comprising the above-mentioned receiving space into which the above-mentioned coolant is discharged and discharged, and configured to cool the incoming coolant. Battery pack.

3. In Paragraph 2, A first passage connecting the discharge port of the cell receiving portion and the inlet port of the cooling circulation portion, and guiding the flow of the coolant; A second passage connecting the discharge port of the cell receiving portion and the pressure inlet portion and guiding the flow of the coolant; and It further includes a valve part that selectively opens and closes the second passage based on the pressure of the above receiving space, The above valve part is, Configured to open the second passage when the pressure in the above receiving space is higher than the above critical pressure, Battery pack.

4. In Paragraph 3, It further includes a third passage that connects the discharge port of the cooling circulation unit and the inlet port of the cell receiving unit and guides the flow of the coolant. The cell receiving portion, the first passage, the cooling circulation portion, and the third passage are, A first circulation channel forming for the above-mentioned coolant to flow through, Battery pack.

5. In Paragraph 3, A third passage connecting the discharge port of the cooling circulation unit and the inlet port of the cell receiving unit, and guiding the flow of the coolant; and It further includes a fourth passage that communicates the above-mentioned pressure discharge section and the above-mentioned cooling circulation section with the above-mentioned inlet and guides the flow of the coolant, The cell receiving portion, the second passage, the pressure relief portion, the fourth passage, the cooling circulation portion, and the third passage are, A second circulation channel forming for the above-mentioned coolant to flow through, Battery pack.

6. In Paragraph 3, The above valve part is, A relief valve having a structure that opens the second passage when the pressure in the receiving space becomes higher than the critical pressure, and closes the second passage when the pressure in the receiving space is lower than or equal to the critical pressure. Battery pack.

7. In Paragraph 6, The diameter of the second passage mentioned above is, formed larger than the diameter of the first passage above, Battery pack.

8. In Paragraph 3, A sensor for measuring the pressure of the above-mentioned receiving space; and It further includes a controller that controls the valve unit based on the pressure of the receiving space measured by the sensor, and The above valve part is, The above-mentioned first passage is configured to selectively open and close, and The above controller is, When the pressure of the receiving space measured by the sensor is higher than the critical pressure, the valve part is controlled to close the first passage and open the second passage, and Controlling the valve unit to open the first passage and close the second passage when the pressure of the receiving space measured by the sensor is lower than or equal to the critical pressure. Battery pack.

9. In Paragraph 8, The above valve part is, A three-way valve configured to control the opening and closing of the first passage and the opening and closing of the second passage, Battery pack.

10. In Paragraph 8, The above valve part is, A first valve for selectively opening and closing the first passage; and A second valve comprising a second passage that selectively opens and closes the second passage, Battery pack.

11. A vehicle comprising a battery pack described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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