Communication based on plurality of rats

Abstract

A first device may receive, from a second device, information related to a combination of a reference signal resource related to a first radio access technology (RAT) and a reference signal resource related to a second RAT, and / or the first device may obtain a first measurement value on the basis of the reference signal resource related to the first RAT, and / or the first device may obtain, from the first measurement value, a second measurement value for the reference signal resource related to the second RAT on the basis of the information related to the combination, and / or the first device may perform communication on the basis of the second RAT, on the basis of the second measurement value.

Description

Multiple RAT-based communication

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include at least one of: receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; the first device obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; the first device obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or the first device performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving from a second device information regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first radio access technology (RAT) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 10 shows an example of a common TA (timing advance) and a terminal-specific TA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 11 shows an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates a plurality of RAT-based communication procedures according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 13 shows an example of DL frame timing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 14 shows an example of misalignment between UL transmissions according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 15 shows an example of alignment between UL transmissions according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 16 illustrates a procedure performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 17 illustrates a procedure performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 18 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 19 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 20 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 21 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 22 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0031] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0032] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0033] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0034] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0035] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0036] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0037] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0038] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0039] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0040] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0041] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0044] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0045] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0046] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0047] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0048] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0050] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0051] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0052] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0053] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0054] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0055] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0056] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0057] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0059] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0060] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0061] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0062] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0063] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0064] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0066] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0067] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0068] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0070] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0071] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0072] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0073] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0074] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies that can overcome range limitations.

[0075] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0076] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0077] - Optical wireless technology

[0078] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0079] - Quantum communication

[0080] - Cell-free communication

[0081] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0082] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0083] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0084] - Big data analysis

[0085] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0086] - Metaverse

[0087] - blockchain

[0088] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS). For example, AAM may include UAM, RAM, UAS, and UAVs (uncrewed aerial vehicles).

[0089] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a core element of building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road to perform autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (vehicle to vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (vehicle to infrastructure, V2I).

[0090] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): An NTN may refer to a network or network segment that utilizes RF (radio frequency) resources mounted on a satellite (or UAS platform). The use of NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0091] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc., of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0092] - Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): An RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in a wireless communication environment. For example, an RIS can be composed of many small antennas or metasurfaces arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For instance, an RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or strength of the propagating signal. For instance, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For instance, since an RIS can be reconfigured to suit various environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0093] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0094] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on a satellite network, HIBS (high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS)), and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM). For example, to improve coverage, devices such as a satellite network, HIBS, and an aeronautical communication-capable terminal (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0095] FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a non-terrestrial network scenario according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0096] FIG. 8 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a transparent payload, and FIG. 9 illustrates a non-terrestrial network scenario based on a regenerative payload. For example, a non-terrestrial network may generally include the following elements.

[0097] - One or more satellite gateways connecting non-terrestrial networks to public data networks

[0098] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform)

[0099] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform)

[0100] - A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerated (including onboard processing) payloads. For example, the satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams across a given service area, typically defined by a line of sight. For example, the beam footprint may typically be elliptical. For example, the line of sight of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. For example, for a transparent payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may be performed. Thus, the repeating waveform signal in the payload may not be altered. For example, for a regenerated payload, radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification, as well as demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation may be performed. This can effectively be equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all base station functions.

[0101] - Optionally, Inter-satellite Link (ISL)

[0102] - User equipment can be serviced by a satellite (or UAS platform) within the target service area.

[0103] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a common TA (timing advance) and a terminal-specific TA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 10, a terminal-specific TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays on the service link, and a common TA can be acquired to compensate for transmission delays between the RP (reference point) and the satellite.

[0105] For example, in an NTN-based communication system, a terminal can calculate a TA based on the terminal's GNSS (global navigation satellite system) capabilities (e.g., terminal location) and orbit-related upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, and this is the terminal-specific TA (N UE TA,adj It can be referred to as ). For example, if orbit-related upper-layer parameters are not received from the base station, the terminal-specific TA may be set to 0. For example, a TA obtained based on common TA parameters (e.g., TACommon, TACommonDrift, and / or TACommonDriftVariation), which are upper-layer parameters transmitted from the base station, is called the common TA(N common TA,adj It can be referred to as ). For example, if common TA parameters are not transmitted from the base station, the common TA can be set to 0. Accordingly, for example, in an NTN-based communication system, the total TA value (T TA ) is "(N TA + N TA,offset + N common TA,adj + N UE TA,adj )*T c It can be obtained as. For example, N TA,offset can refer to the TA offset value provided to the terminal per serving cell, and N TA can mean a value obtained based on the timing advance command.

[0106] For example, the terminal may receive satellite orbit information through system information and / or RRC signaling. For example, satellite orbit information may be implemented / supported in a position and velocity state vector orbit format and / or an orbital parameter orbit format. For example, the position and velocity state vector orbit format may be composed of less than 17 bytes (e.g., 132 bits). For example, the field size for position (x, y, z)(m) may be 78 bits, and the field size for velocity (vx, vy, vz)(m / s) may be 54 bits. For example, the orbital parameter orbit format may be composed of less than 21 bytes (e.g., 164 bits).

[0107] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of an orbital parameter orbital format according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0108] Referring to Fig. 11, information related to the orbital parameter orbit format (e.g., ephemeral information) includes the semi-major axis "α" (e.g., 33 bits) [m], the eccentricity "e" (in an elliptical satellite orbit, 0 <e<1) (예, 20 비트), 근점 편각(argument of periapsis) "ω"(예, 28 비트) [rad], 승교점 경도(longitude of ascending node) "Ω" (예, 28 비트) [rad], (궤도) 경사(inclination) "i" (예, 27 비트) [rad], 및 / 또는 평균 근점 이각(mean anomaly) "M0" = 에포크 t0 [JD]에서 M(t0) (예, 28 비트) [rad] 중 적어도 어느 하나를 포함할 수 있다.

[0109] Meanwhile, in the case of NTN communication methods, signal attenuation due to path loss can be significant as the distance between the terminal and the base station or NTN node becomes considerably long, and in such situations (especially when the target block error rate (BLER) is low), it may be advantageous for the slope of the BLER curve to be steep relative to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As part of the methods to achieve the above phenomenon, one may consider significantly increasing the length of the encoding sequence of the channel coding or lowering the mother code rate.

[0110] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the cell-by-cell or inter-cell relationship may be extended to the beam footprint-by-beam footprint or inter-beam footprint relationship and may be applied to / understood by the proposal of the present disclosure.

[0111] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, cell-by-cell or inter-cell relationships are extended to carrier-by-carrier or inter-carrier relationships and can be applied to / understood by the proposal of the present disclosure.

[0112] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method of managing UL channels / signals through a service link (link between an NTN node and a terminal) associated with a different cell or carrier can be extended to a method of managing DL channels / signals and / or UL channels / signals through a feeder link (link between an NTN node and a (ground) gateway) associated with a different cell or carrier.

[0113] Meanwhile, when introducing a next-generation system (e.g., 6G), there may not be enough spectrum available initially, and in particular, preferred frequency ranges may be in use by conventional systems (e.g., LTE and / or 5G NR). In the above situation, different radio access technologies (RATs) may coexist on the same band and / or carrier, and the forms of such coexistence may include time-domain multiplexing (TDM), frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM), code-domain multiplexing (CDM), spatial-domain multiplexing (SDM), etc. This operation can be referred to as multi-RAT spectrum sharing (MRSS), through which gradual migration from the conventional system to the next-generation system can be carried out.

[0114] Meanwhile, in NTN situations, unlike TN situations, large round trip time (RTT) and active DL and / or UL beam ratios may be limited. Meanwhile, in situations where the active DL beam ratio is limited, it may be inefficient to transmit both synchronization signals and / or PBCH and / or system information for a first RAT (e.g., 5G NR) and synchronization signals and / or PBCH and / or system information for a second RAT (e.g., 6G) on a specific band and / or carrier. On the other hand, during initial access or handover (HO), it may be necessary to transmit PRACH for the target cell in some cases. In this case, depending on the multi-RAT spectrum sharing (MRSS) situation, using PRACH opportunities or resources for a specific RAT may be inefficient in terms of latency.

[0115] Meanwhile, NTN has the characteristic of having a relatively long propagation delay and / or a large Doppler shift compared to TN. In this case, if a UE that has moved from the first RAT to the second RAT in an MRSS situation performs a separate measurement for the second RAT and initiates communication, it may cause an overall performance degradation of the NTN communication system due to additional delays and signaling overhead that occur during the measurement process.

[0116] In this disclosure, a plurality of RAT-based communication methods and an apparatus supporting the same are proposed. Various embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to at least one of communication based on 5G NTN and 6G NTN, communication based on 5G NTN and 6G NTN using the same satellite, communication based on 5G NTN and 6G NTN using different satellites, communication based on 5G TN and 6G TN, communication based on 5G TN and 6G NTN, and / or communication based on 5G NTN and 6G TN.

[0117] FIG. 12 illustrates a plurality of RAT-based communication procedures according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0118] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, a first device (e.g., UE, etc.) may obtain information regarding the relationship / combination between the first RAT and the second RAT. For example, the first device may receive information regarding the relationship / combination between the first RAT and the second RAT from a second device (e.g., base station, satellite, NTN node, etc.). For example, information regarding the relationship / combination between the first RAT and the second RAT may be set or pre-set for the first device and / or the second device. For example, information regarding the relationship / combination between the first RAT and the second RAT may be transmission co-location information (TCI) and / or spatial relation information and / or quasi-co-location information (QCL) regarding the combination of reference signal (RS) resources associated with the first RAT and RS resources associated with the second RAT.

[0119] For example, a base station or NTN node can provide the UE with information about supported or available radio access technologies (RATs) for a specific carrier, band, or cell.

[0120] For example, a base station or NTN node can provide the UE with information about supported or available radio access technologies (RATs) by carrier, band, or cell.

[0121] For example, the UE may receive a synchronization signal and / or PBCH and / or system information based on the first RAT, and / or the UE may camp on a first cell based on the first RAT, and / or the UE may receive system information based on the second RAT without detecting and receiving a synchronization signal and / or PBCH based on the second RAT, and / or camp on a second cell based on the second RAT.

[0122] For example, the UE may receive information about the second RAT (e.g., presence or absence of the second RAT) and / or information about the cell and / or carrier(s) based on the second RAT through the first RAT-based PBCH and / or system information, etc.

[0123] For example, the information regarding the cell and / or carrier(s) based on the second RAT may include frequency axis position and / or size, time axis position and / or size, numerology and / or CP length, and / or information for receiving waveform information and / or system information and / or information regarding the cell ID and / or the location of SFN0 (system frame number #0), etc.

[0124] For example, the UE can receive synchronization signals and / or PBCH resource information (e.g., period and / or offset and / or cell ID, etc.) for a second cell based on a second RAT through a first cell based on a first RAT, and / or can improve the synchronization signal and / or PBCH detection performance and / or efficiency for the second cell based on the above information.

[0125] For example, the time and / or frequency resource information may be a resource that can be used in the second RAT, and / or an area that is not used in the first RAT.

[0126] For example, information regarding the location of SFN0 or a specific reference SFN for the second RAT may be in the form of an offset value relative to SFN0 of the first RAT and / or in the form of an offset value relative to the start or end point of system information and / or the corresponding system information window that provides information regarding the location of SFN0 for the second RAT.

[0127] For example, the base station may provide the UE with information on whether the first RAT-based cell and the second RAT-based cell are co-located and / or multi-RAT spectrum sharing (MRSS).

[0128] For example, the UE may perform a camp-on and / or initial access procedure for a first RAT-based cell, and the UE may report capability information for a second RAT to the first RAT-based cell or base station during and / or after the initial access procedure.

[0129] For example, a base station or NTN node may provide instruction information to a UE that has connected to and / or completed initial connection to a first RAT-based cell to switch to a second RAT-based cell.

[0130] For example, the above instruction information may be in the form of RRC signaling and / or MAC CE command and / or DCI.

[0131] For example, a base station or NTN node may issue a handover (HO) command to the UE from a first RAT-based cell to a second RAT-based cell, and / or the UE may inherit and use the TA value for the first RAT-based cell as the TA value for the second RAT-based cell.

[0132] For example, the above TA may include a TA value based on PRACH and / or a TA command provided by a base station and / or a TA value based on the location of the UE and the location of the NTN node and / or a common TA value based on the location of the NTN node and the location of the ULRP (UL synchronization reference point).

[0133] For example, exceptionally, a common TA value based on the location of the NTN node and the location of the ULRP (UL synchronization reference point) may be excluded from or not considered in the above TA. For example, in the above case, the UE may update the common TA based on the common TA setting value for the second RAT-based cell. The basis for this is that the ULRP may differ depending on the RAT.

[0134] For example, a base station may provide all or part of the system information and / or RRC configuration information for a second RAT-related cell to the UE through a first RAT-based cell. The basis for this is that in a situation where the amount of resources for the second RAT is limited during the MRSS and / or migration from the first RAT to the second RAT, transmitting a common channel / signal using the second RAT may be inefficient.

[0135] For example, a specific RRC setting for a first cell based on a first RAT can be inherited as an RRC setting for a second cell based on a second RAT. For example, the RRC setting to be inherited may include reference point information and / or reference point-based UE measurement setting information and / or UE operation and / or reference point-based condition HO setting information and / or the corresponding UE operation and / or ephemeris information and / or NTN setting information.

[0136] In step S1220, the UE can obtain information related to the second RAT from information related to the first RAT based on information related to the relationship / combination between the first RAT and the second RAT.

[0137] For example, the UE can inherit a reference signal (RS) based measurement value (e.g., RSRP (reference signal received power), RSRQ (reference signal received quality), RSSI (received signal strength indicator), SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio), etc.) received from a first RAT-based cell as a specific RS-based measurement value for a second RAT-based cell.

[0138] Meanwhile, the NTN node may share transmission power with the first RAT-based cell and the second RAT-based cell, and in the above situation, the RSRP, RSRP, RSSI, SINR, etc. measured based on a specific RAT may not be at the same or similar level for the second RAT-based cell.

[0139] For example, the UE can calculate a specific RS-based measurement value for a second RAT-based cell using an RS (reference signal)-based measurement value (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SINR, etc.) received from a first RAT-based cell. For example, the UE can derive a first RAT-based measurement value by applying a specific offset and / or scaling value to the first RAT-based measurement value. For example, the UE can derive a second RAT-based measurement value by applying a specific offset and / or scaling value to the first RAT-based measurement value. For example, the specific offset and / or scaling value may be provided to a terminal by a base station or NTN node through a first cell based on the first RAT and / or a second cell based on the second RAT.

[0140] For example, the UE may use the path loss derived based on the RS (reference signal) and / or the first reference power received from the first RAT-based cell when determining the UL transmit power for the second RAT-based cell. For example, the above may be limited to cases where the RS transmitted from the first cell of the first RAT-based cell and the RS transmitted from the second cell of the second RAT-based cell have a mutual QCL relationship and / or the same TCL relationship.

[0141] For example, the RS may be a synchronization signal and / or a PBCH DMRS, and / or the base station may provide the UE with information about an RS resource that is co-located with the RS of a first RAT-based cell or has the same TX and / or RX spatial settings (statistically) identical, and / or information about a synchronization signal and / or a PBCH DMRS. For example, the base station may provide the UE with transmission co-location information (TCI) and / or spatial relation information and / or quasi-co-location (QCL) regarding a combination of RS resources for a cell of the first RAT and RS resources for a cell of the second RAT.

[0142] For example, the UE may attempt to detect paging at a paging occasion for a first cell based on a first RAT, and / or the base station may send paging information for the second RAT through the paging information based on the first RAT and / or the corresponding PDCCH and / or PDSCH. For example, the base station may include / transmit paging information for the first RAT and / or paging information for the second RAT through paging signaling based on the first RAT.

[0143] In embodiments of the present disclosure, TCI and / or QCL information may indicate / set / indicate whether interconnected / associated RSs experience the same channel environment and / or whether a channel (count) can be inferred and / or whether they are co-located in terms of Doppler shift and / or Doppler spread and / or average delay and / or delay spread and / or spatial reception parameters.

[0144] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, being co-located for a specific parameter may mean a case where large-scale properties of the channel can be inferred between the RSs.

[0145] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the transition from the first RAT to the second RAT has been described, but the concept of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to the opposite transition from the second RAT to the first RAT.

[0146] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure describe a case where multiple RATs share the same spectrum at an NTN node, the concept of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to cases where multiple RATs share the spectrum at a ground base station, etc.

[0147] For example, switching can be performed on a satellite or NTN node.

[0148] For example, when the UE reaches the NTN service termination time (e.g., t-Service) for the first cell based on the first RAT and / or reaches the NTN service termination time (e.g., t-Service) for the second cell based on the second RAT, the UE may perform satellite or NTN node switching for the first cell and / or the second cell.

[0149] For example, when the UE reaches the NTN service switching start time (e.g., t-ServiceStart) for the first cell based on the first RAT and / or the NTN service switching start time (e.g., t-ServiceStart) for the second cell based on the second RAT, the UE may start and / or prepare switching to the target satellite or NTN node for the first cell and / or the second cell, and / or perform a synchronization process.

[0150] For example, regarding a first cell and a second cell linked via MRSS, if the UE receives satellite or NTN node switching information for a specific cell (the first cell or the second cell), and / or if the UE starts and / or performs satellite or NTN node switching according to the above settings, the UE may also start and / or perform satellite or NTN node switching for another cell (the second cell or the first cell).

[0151] For example, the above case may include a case where satellite or NTN node switching information is not separately provided to the other cell.

[0152] For example, if switching information is provided for a first cell based on a first RAT and / or switching information is not provided for a second cell based on a second RAT, the UE may operate for the first cell based on the first RAT and not maintain a connection for the second cell based on the second RAT when switching satellite or NTN node.

[0153] For example, when the base station provides satellite or NTN node switching information to the UE, it may (additionally) provide information about the RAT associated with the switching, and / or the UE may decide whether to continue or terminate the cell connection based on the RAT information associated with the switching.

[0154] For example, regarding the source satellite, the UE may receive a synchronization signal for a first cell based on a first RAT and perform synchronization based thereon, and / or regarding the target satellite, the UE may receive a synchronization signal for a second cell based on a second RAT and perform synchronization based thereon. For example, the satellite switching information may include information about the RAT on which the target satellite operates.

[0155] Meanwhile, in terms of interference management or coexistence, it may be necessary to align the DL and / or UL frame and / or subframe and / or slot and / or symbol timing between the 1st RAT-based TN and the 2nd RAT-based NTN. For example, the 1st RAT-based TN may be a 5G TN, and the 2nd RAT-based NTN may be a 6G NTN. In the case of the NTN, the DL frame timing at a specific location within the cell or at the UE end may change depending on the movement of the NTN node, whereas in the case of the TN, the DL frame timing at a specific location within the cell or at the UE end may be fixed due to the generally fixed ground base station.

[0156] Meanwhile, in the case of a RAT where the second RAT is released later than the first RAT, for example, where the first RAT is 4G LTE and / or 5G NR and the second RAT is 6G, it may not be suitable to change the structure and transmission timing of the first RAT.

[0157] Meanwhile, assuming a cell diameter of 50 km, in the case of TN (assuming a base station height of 25 m), the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of propagation delay may be approximately 0.083 msec, whereas in the case of NTN (LEO600, e.g., when the altitude is 600 km), the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of propagation delay (based on Nadir) may be approximately 0.0019 msec. In the case of NTN, based on LEO600 and an elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of propagation delay may be approximately 0.073 msec. In the case of NTN, based on LEO600 and an elevation angle of 10 degrees, the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of propagation delay may be approximately 0.083 msec. For example, residual DL frame timing may occur by the amount of the difference mentioned above. In a practical scenario, assuming TN coverage of 1 km, the difference between the maximum and minimum propagation delays can be reduced to approximately 3.25 usec. Depending on the numerology or subcarrier spacing (SCS), the difference may exceed the CP length.

[0158] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of DL frame timing according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, in the above situation, when an NTN node performs DL frame timing with constant delay transmission and / or pre-transmission (at the same level as the ground base station) based on a specific reference point (e.g., base station location or base station antenna location), the DL frame timing in a cell area far from the specific reference point from the ground base station's perspective may not be aligned with the DL frame timing of the ground base station.

[0159] For example, DL frame timing may differ by cell and / or beam footprint and / or by narrow beam within the satellite beam. For example, a specific reference point may be set / indicated for each narrow beam, and / or the DL frame timing for a second cell based on a second RAT may be adjusted to be aligned with the boundary side with the DL frame timing for a first cell based on a first RAT based on each of the reference points.

[0160] For example, the NTN node and / or base station may delay and / or advance the DL frame timing based on the location of the NTN node and / or the location of the ground gateway (GW) and / or a specific reference point (RP) (on the ground) and / or the distance or propagation delay between them. For example, information regarding the specific RP may be provided by the ground base station and / or instructed / set by the GW.

[0161] For example, an NTN node and / or a ground GW or ground base station connected to the NTN node may receive information regarding DL frame / subframe / slot / symbol timing for the first cell from a first base station supporting a first cell within the target coverage of the second cell of the NTN node and / or a first cell whose coverage overlaps with that of the second cell. For example, the information regarding the second cell may be in the form of an absolute time offset. For example, the NTN node and / or the ground GW or ground base station connected to the NTN node may derive / calculate information regarding DL frame / subframe / slot / symbol timing for the first cell based on the time of DL reception for the first cell and / or location information of the NTN node or ground GW and / or reference location information for the first base station or the first cell.

[0162] For example, the NTN node and / or base station may pre-adjust and transmit the DL frame timing so as to be aligned with the boundary aspect of the DL frame timing for the first cell based on the first RAT at a specific RP.

[0163] For example, the NTN node and / or the second base station may adjust (advance) the start time of the DL frame timing from the start time of the DL frame timing for the first cell based on the first RAT by the distance or propagation delay between the location of the NTN node and the RP for the first cell and / or the distance or propagation delay between the location of the NTN node and the ULRP and / or half the value of the common TA and / or the sum of some combinations of the above and / or the modulo value of the frame length for the value (the remainder of the value obtained by dividing a specific value by the frame).

[0164] Matching DL frame timing between different RATs and / or TN-NTNs using the above-mentioned pre-transmission method is merely an example, and matching DL frame timing between them through delayed transmission at the NTN node can also be extended from the spirit of the present disclosure.

[0165] Meanwhile, if the NTN node pre-adjusts the DL frame timing, there may still be a remaining frame difference from the perspective of the ground cell, and / or if the NTN node does not pre-compensate the DL and / or UL frame timing, the DL and / or UL frame timing may change due to the movement of the NTN node, and in the above case, the location and / or size of the resources available to the 2nd RAT may change, and / or it may be necessary to consider the remaining frame difference.

[0166] For example, the NTN node and / or the second cell based on the second RAT may omit transmission of common channel / signals, such as synchronization signals and / or PBCH and / or system information, in areas outside the time and / or frequency resources available to the second RAT and / or within the time and / or frequency resource areas available to the first cell based on the first RAT. For example, the NTN node and / or the second cell based on the second RAT may change the respective period and / or frame / half-frame / subframe / slot / symbol offset of common channel / signals, such as synchronization signals and / or PBCH and / or system information, in units of a specific period. The basis for this is that, generally, the pattern of available resources for the specific RAT may have a period of 20 msec or a divisor or multiple thereof, whereas in the case of NTN communication, depending on the location of the NTN node, there may not be a guarantee that transmission will always be in accordance with the resource pattern based on the (ground) base station.

[0167] For example, the UE may receive information on resources available to the second RAT or the second cell from a base station node or from a second cell based on the second RAT, and / or the available resources may be determined based on the location of a specific NTN node and / or a specific reference time.

[0168] For example, the location information of the specific NTN node may be provided to the UE from the base station or the second cell, and / or the resources available to the actual second RAT or the second cell may be determined based on the resource information received and / or the current location of the NTN node and / or the current time.

[0169] For example, the resources available to the second RAT or second cell may vary depending on the location of the current NTN node and / or the (applied) time.

[0170] For example, the UE can determine the resource information available to a second RAT or second cell based on the location of a specific NTN node by converting it based on the current location of the NTN node (determined based on ephemeral information and / or NTN configuration information, etc.).

[0171] For example, the UE can estimate a change in DL transmission timing for a second cell based on a second RAT based on the first NTN node location and / or the location of the first UE and the second NTN node location and / or the location of the second UE, and / or shift the location of available resources for the second RAT or the second cell based on the above-mentioned timing change value.

[0172] For example, the above timing change measurement and / or recalculation / resetting of the set of available resources for the second cell may be performed based on a specific period and / or a specific granularity, and the specific period and / or specific granularity may be predefined and / or based on UE capabilities and / or set and / or directed by the base station.

[0173] For example, the UE can recalculate resource information available to a second RAT or a second cell based on a specific reference time, based on resource size changes and / or resource location changes and / or drift value information regarding said change value(s) over time. For example, information regarding said changes and / or change drift can be provided to the UE by a base station and / or an NTN node.

[0174] For example, the UE may receive a first set of available resources for a first RAT-based first cell based on a first DL timing, and may determine a second set of available resources for the first RAT-based first cell based on a predefined and / or set and / or directed second DL timing from a base station. For example, the UE may determine / set available resources for a second RAT-based second cell in a manner that excludes resources that overlap with the first set of available resources and / or the second set of available resources for the first cell.

[0175] For example, the second DL timing may be in the form of an offset relative to the first DL timing.

[0176] For example, the set of available resources for the first cell may be reinterpreted as a rate-matching or puncturing pattern for the second cell.

[0177] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, frame timing can be further extended to subframe timing, slot timing, symbol timing, etc., and applied to the concept of the present disclosure.

[0178] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the proposal for frame boundary alignment and / or inter-working between TN and NTN can be extended to a method of supporting frame boundary alignment and / or inter-working between NTN nodes (e.g., satellites) having different orbits in an NTN situation and / or between different NTN nodes, and can be applied to the spirit of the present disclosure.

[0179] Meanwhile, in the case of UL transmission, the UE can perform pre-transmission by applying TA (timing advanced), but there may be a significant difference between the total TA value for the ground base station and the total TA value for NTN communication. A UL channel / signal transmission with a relatively large TA value applied for NTN communication may arrive at the ground base station with a relatively small propagation delay, and in the above case, the UL frame timing from the ground base station's perspective and the UL channel / signal transmission may not be aligned at the boundary.

[0180] Meanwhile, if NTN communication supports / uses the first RAT (e.g., 4G LTE and / or 5G NR) and TN uses the second RAT (e.g., 6G or 6G beyond), and if TN shares the spectrum of NTN, it may be desirable for the TN based on the second RAT to change the transmission timing.

[0181] For example, a base station supporting a TN node and / or a second cell based on a second RAT may pre-adjust and transmit the DL frame timing for the second cell so as to be aligned with the DL frame timing for a first cell based on an NTN node and / or a first RAT at a specific RP in terms of boundary aspects. For example, a UE may receive information about the RP through the base station and / or the second cell based on the second RAT.

[0182] For example, the DL frame timing for a TN node and / or a second cell based on a second RAT can be determined based on the reception timing at the TN node for the DL frame timing of a first cell based on a first RAT.

[0183] For example, the DL frame timing for a TN node and / or a second cell based on a second RAT may be set to be the same as the reception timing at the TN node for the DL frame timing of a first cell based on a first RAT, and / or may additionally have a specific offset applied. For example, the specific offset may be a value set and / or instructed to the UE for the second cell.

[0184] For example, the UE may receive reference NTN node location / orbit information from the base station, and / or the DL frame timing for the second cell based on the second RAT may be changed differently depending on the location of the reference NTN node.

[0185] For example, the UE can receive a DL channel / signal of a first cell based on a first RAT, and / or the UE can receive a DL channel / signal of a second cell based on a second RAT, and / or the UE can calculate a frame / slot / symbol difference between the first cell and the second cell and / or a specific module value for said difference and / or report it to the base station.

[0186] In embodiments of the present disclosure, parameters that change over time or according to the location of an NTN node may change continuously or may change discontinuously with a specific granularity. For example, the specific granularity may be in units of (OFDM) waveform samples or number samples, and / or in units of (OFDM) symbols and / or slots and / or subframes.

[0187] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, cases where the first RAT-based first NTN cell and the second RAT-based second NTN cell are supported by different NTN nodes (e.g., satellites) and / or different GW and / or base station nodes may be applied by extending the concept of the present disclosure (in particular, operation between the first RAT-based and / or TN-based first cell and the second RAT-based and / or NTN-based second cell).

[0188] Meanwhile, the TA (timing advance) applied between the UL transmission for TN and the UL transmission for NTN may differ, and accordingly, frames / slots / symbols between the respective UL transmissions at the TN node and / or NTN node may not be aligned at the boundary.

[0189] FIG. 14 shows an example of misalignment between UL transmissions according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0190] For example, frame alignment between different ULs at the TN base station end can be achieved by applying a common TA. For example, the UE can align the UL transmission for the NTN-based first cell and the UL transmission for the TN-based second cell with each other in frame / slot / symbol units based on the configuration of the common TA and / or a specific cell (not the serving cell). Meanwhile, in the above case, frame alignment between the NTN DL and the NTN UL at the NTN node end may not be achieved, but instead, frame alignment between the NTN UL and the TN UL can be achieved at the NTN node end as well.

[0191] FIG. 15 shows an example of alignment between UL transmissions according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0192] On the other hand, if the NTN-based cell is based on the newly introduced RAT, aligning the UL boundary between the TN and NTN cells by adjusting the common TA for NTN operation may not be a suitable method.

[0193] For example, asynchronous operation between DL frames and UL frames may be allowed at the TN base station end. For example, the time difference between DL frames and UL frames at the TN base station end may be set / determined so that UL transmission to an NTN-based first cell and UL transmission to a TN-based second cell at the TN node end are aligned with each other in frame / slot / symbol units.

[0194] For example, the above time difference may vary. The basis for this is to achieve frame alignment with coexisting NTN ULs, and the above NTN UL timing may change depending on the movement of the NTN node. Meanwhile, there may be a point in time when the above time difference changes rapidly depending on satellite or NTN node switching.

[0195] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, depending on the change in DL frame timing, the UE may perform a related DL reception operation and / or attempt to detect a DL signal / channel.

[0196] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure describe cases where different RATs are used between TN and NTN, the concept of the present disclosure can be extended and applied even when both TN and NTN use the same RAT.

[0197] FIG. 16 illustrates a procedure performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0198] Referring to FIG. 16, at step S1610, the first device may receive from the second device information regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT. At step S1620, the first device may obtain a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT. At step S1630, the first device may obtain a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination. At step S1640, the first device may perform communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0199] For example, the information related to the above combination may be at least one of transmission co-location information (TCI) or spatial relationship information.

[0200] For example, information related to the above combination may be QCL (quasi-co-location) information.

[0201] For example, the first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT may be inherited as the second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT.

[0202] For example, the second measurement value may be obtained by the first device by applying an offset or scaling value to the first measurement value. For example, information related to the offset or information related to the scaling value may be received from the second device based on the first RAT. For example, information related to the offset or information related to the scaling value may be received from the second device based on the second RAT.

[0203] For example, the path loss obtained based on the reference signal resource and reference power associated with the first RAT can be used to determine the power of the uplink transmission based on the second RAT.

[0204] For example, the TA (timing advance) value associated with the first RAT may be inherited as the TA value associated with the second RAT. For example, the TA value may include at least one of a PRACH (physical random access channel) based TA value, a TA command based TA value, or a TA value based on the location of the first device and the location of the second device.

[0205] For example, among the TA values ​​associated with the first RAT, at least one TA value, excluding the common TA value, may be inherited as at least one TA value associated with the second RAT.

[0206] For example, among the RRC settings received based on the first RAT, at least one of the ephemeris information or NTN (non-terrestrial network) related setting information may be inherited as an RRC setting for communication based on the second RAT.

[0207] For example, the first device may be a terminal, and the second device may be a base station, a non-ground network node, or a satellite.

[0208] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a processor (102) of a first device (100) may control a transceiver (106) to receive information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource related to a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource related to a second RAT, and / or the processor (102) of the first device (100) may obtain a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource related to the first RAT, and / or the processor (102) of the first device (100) may obtain a second measurement value for the reference signal resource related to the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information related to the combination, and / or the processor (102) of the first device (100) may control the transceiver (106) to perform communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0209] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0210] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0211] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on execution. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving from a second device information regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first radio access technology (RAT) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; obtaining a first measurement value based on the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; obtaining a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on the information regarding the combination; and / or performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

[0212] FIG. 17 illustrates a procedure performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0213] Referring to FIG. 17, in step S1710, the second device may transmit to the first device information regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT. In step S1720, the second device may communicate with the first device based on a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT. For example, the second measurement value may be obtained from a first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information regarding the combination.

[0214] For example, the information related to the above combination may be at least one of transmission co-location information (TCI) or spatial relationship information.

[0215] For example, information related to the above combination may be QCL (quasi-co-location) information.

[0216] For example, the first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT may be inherited as the second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT.

[0217] For example, the second measurement value may be obtained by the first device by applying an offset or scaling value to the first measurement value. For example, information related to the offset or information related to the scaling value may be transmitted to the first device based on the first RAT. For example, information related to the offset or information related to the scaling value may be transmitted to the first device based on the second RAT.

[0218] For example, the path loss obtained based on the reference signal resource and reference power associated with the first RAT can be used to determine the power of the uplink transmission based on the second RAT.

[0219] For example, the TA (timing advance) value associated with the first RAT may be inherited as the TA value associated with the second RAT. For example, the TA value may include at least one of a PRACH (physical random access channel) based TA value, a TA command based TA value, or a TA value based on the location of the first device and the location of the second device.

[0220] For example, among the TA values ​​associated with the first RAT, at least one TA value, excluding the common TA value, may be inherited as at least one TA value associated with the second RAT.

[0221] For example, among the RRC settings transmitted based on the first RAT, at least one of the ephemeris information or NTN (non-terrestrial network) related setting information may be inherited as an RRC setting for communication based on the second RAT.

[0222] For example, the first device may be a terminal, and the second device may be a base station, a non-ground network node, or a satellite.

[0223] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a processor (202) of a second device (200) may control a transceiver (206) to transmit to a first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT, and / or the processor (202) of the second device (200) may control the transceiver (206) to communicate with the first device based on a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT. For example, the second measurement value may be obtained from a first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information related to the combination.

[0224] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: transmitting to the first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and / or communicating with the first device based on a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT. For example, the second measurement value may be obtained from a first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information related to the combination.

[0225] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a second device to perform an operation based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: transmitting to a first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and / or communicating with the first device based on a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT. For example, the second measurement value may be obtained from a first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information related to the combination.

[0226] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, the instructions may cause a second device to perform an operation based on execution. For example, the operation may include at least one of: transmitting to a first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first radio access technology (RAT) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and / or communicating with the first device based on a second measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the second RAT. For example, the second measurement value may be obtained from a first measurement value for the reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information related to the combination.

[0227] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is an effect of efficiently changing and using a suitable resource sharing method depending on the RAT type and / or network type (TN or NTN). For example, by deriving a second RAT-related measurement result from a first RAT-related measurement result, the accuracy of channel estimation can be improved by securing a channel state close to real-time even in the long RTT environment of NTN. In addition, by minimizing the measurement gap for the second RAT measurement to prevent data transmission interruption, system throughput and resource utilization efficiency can be increased, and power consumption can be effectively reduced by lowering the hardware complexity of the terminal due to redundant measurements.

[0228] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0229] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0230] Although not limited to, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G, 6G, etc.) between devices.

[0231] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0232] FIG. 18 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0233] Referring to FIG. 18, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution), 6G, etc.) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G / 6G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0234] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0235] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0236] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0237] FIG. 19 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0238] Referring to FIG. 19, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 18.

[0239] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0240] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0241] For example, the transceiver (106, 206) may include not only a circuit that directly generates and transmits a wireless signal, but also a circuit that modulates and reflects (backscatters) the incident wireless signal.

[0242] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0243] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0244] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0245] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0246] FIG. 20 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0247] Referring to FIG. 20, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 20 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 19. The hardware elements of FIG. 20 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 19. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 19. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 19, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 19.

[0248] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 20. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0249] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0250] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0251] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 20. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 19) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored to the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0252] FIG. 21 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 18). The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0253] Referring to FIG. 21, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 19 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 19. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 19. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0254] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 18, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 18, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 18, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 18, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 18, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 18, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 18, 400), a base station (Fig. 18, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0255] In FIG. 21, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0256] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 21 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0257] FIG. 22 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as an MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), or WT (Wireless Terminal). The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 22, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 21.

[0259] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0260] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0261] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, A first device receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; The first device acquires a first measurement value based on a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; The first device obtains a second measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the second RAT from the first measurement value based on information associated with the combination; and A method comprising the step of the first device performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the information related to the above combination is at least one of TCI (transmission co-location information) or spatial relationship information.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the information related to the above combination is QCL (quasi-co-location) information.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT is succeeded to the second measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the second RAT.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the second measurement value is obtained by the first device by applying an offset or scaling value to the first measurement value.

6. In Paragraph 5, A method in which information related to the offset or information related to the scaling value is received from the second device based on the first RAT.

7. In Paragraph 5, A method in which information related to the offset or information related to the scaling value is received from the second device based on the second RAT.

8. In Paragraph 1, A method in which path loss obtained based on the reference signal resource and reference power associated with the first RAT is used to determine the power of an uplink transmission based on the second RAT.

9. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the TA (timing advance) value associated with the first RAT is succeeded to the TA value associated with the second RAT.

10. In Paragraph 9, A method comprising at least one of the above TA value being a PRACH (physical random access channel)-based TA value, a TA command-based TA value, or a TA value based on the location of the first device and the location of the second device.

11. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, among the TA values ​​associated with the first RAT, at least one TA value excluding the common TA value is succeeded to at least one TA value associated with the second RAT.

12. In Paragraph 1, A method in which at least one of the ephemeris information or NTN (non-terrestrial network) related setting information among the RRC settings received based on the first RAT is inherited as an RRC setting for communication based on the second RAT.

13. In Paragraph 1, A method in which the first device is a terminal, and the second device is a base station, a non-ground network node, or a satellite.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The first device is configured to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operation comprises: at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor. Receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; Acquiring a first measurement value based on a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; Based on information related to the above combination, obtaining a second measurement value for a reference signal resource related to the second RAT from the first measurement value; and A first device comprising: performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

15. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The first device is configured to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operation comprises: at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor. Receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; Acquiring a first measurement value based on a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; Based on information related to the above combination, obtaining a second measurement value for a reference signal resource related to the second RAT from the first measurement value; and A processing device comprising: performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The above commands cause the first device to perform an operation based on execution, wherein the operation is: Receiving information from a second device regarding a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; Acquiring a first measurement value based on a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT; Based on information related to the above combination, obtaining a second measurement value for a reference signal resource related to the second RAT from the first measurement value; and A non-transient computer-readable storage medium comprising: performing communication based on the second RAT based on the second measurement value.

17. Regarding the method, The second device transmits to the first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and The second device performs communication with the first device based on a second measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the second RAT; wherein A method in which the second measurement value is obtained from a first measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information associated with the combination.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The second device is configured to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operation comprises: at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor. Transmitting to the first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and Performing communication with the first device based on a second measurement value for a reference signal resource related to the second RAT; wherein A second device, wherein the second measurement value is obtained from a first measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information associated with the combination.

19. In a processing device, At least one processor; and The second device is configured to perform an operation based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operation comprises: at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor. Transmitting to the first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and Performing communication with the first device based on a second measurement value for a reference signal resource related to the second RAT; wherein A processing device in which the second measurement value is obtained from a first measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information associated with the combination.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, The above commands cause the second device to perform an operation based on execution, wherein the operation is: Transmitting to the first device information related to a combination of a reference signal resource associated with a first RAT (radio access technology) and a reference signal resource associated with a second RAT; and Performing communication with the first device based on a second measurement value for a reference signal resource related to the second RAT; wherein A non-transient computer-readable storage medium in which the second measurement value is obtained from a first measurement value for a reference signal resource associated with the first RAT based on information associated with the combination.

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