Hydrolyzed protein carrier and delivery composition

Abstract

Wettable powders including a hydrolyzed protein having a wettability of 2 minutes or less are used in spray compositions including an active agent to improve the effectiveness of pesticides and other active agents when applied to a plant. The wettable powder has an average particle size of 50 microns to 150 microns and a bulk density from about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL.

Description

Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023HYDROLYZED PROTEIN CARRIER AND DELIVERY COMPOSITIONTechnical Field

[0001] The present disclosure is directed to hydrolyzed protein carrier compositions which may be mixed with active agents such as herbicides to increase the efficacy of the active agents.Background

[0002] Controlling herbicide-resistant crops represents a large challenge for farmers. Current technologies to improve the effectiveness of herbicides and other active agents require mixing herbicides with adjuvants and emulsifiers that are costly and do not enter suspension well if conditions are not precisely controlled. The adjuvants and emulsifiers are also generally difficult to transport and store, further increasing costs for farmers.

[0003] What is needed are carrier compositions that improve efficacy of herbicides and other active agents and that are easily suspended in water.Summary

[0004] Provided herein are wettable powder compositions comprising a hydrolyzed protein, wherein the composition is in the form of a wettable powder having a wettability of 2 minutes or less. The compositions improve the efficacy of active agents, such as pesticides, when applied to a plant in a spray composition. In some embodiments, the composition does not include a lipid. In some embodiments, the composition has an average particle size from about 50 microns to about 150 microns. In some embodiments, the composition has a bulk density from about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL.

[0005] Further provided herein are suspension compositions. The suspension composition includes the wettable powder composition described above and a carrier. In some embodiments, the carrier includes water.

[0006] Further provided herein are spray compositions. The spray compositions include the suspension compositions described above. The suspension composition may be diluted with additional carrier and an active ingredient added to form a spray composition.

[0007] Further provided herein are methods for treating a plant with an active ingredient. The methods generally include forming a spray composition by combining a carrier, an active ingredient, and a wettable powder, wherein the wettable powder includes a hydrolyzed plant-1101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023based protein, wherein the wettable powder has a wettability of 2 minutes or less; and applying the spray composition to the surface of the plant.

[0008] Further provided herein are methods of making a wettable powder composition of the present disclosure. The methods generally include spray drying a hydrolyzed protein; and agglomerating the spray-dried hydrolyzed protein to form the wettable powder.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009] The present disclosure may be understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings briefly described below. It is noted that, for purposes of illustrative clarity, certain elements in the drawings may not be drawn to scale.

[0010] FIG 1. shows a system for making a wettable powder of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 2A shows a water hemp plant prior to application of a spray composition of the present disclosure. FIG. 2B shows a water hemp plant 7 hours after application of a spray composition of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 3 shows a wilted water hemp plant wilting 23.25 hours after application of a spray composition of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 4A shows a water hemp plant 23.25 hours after application of a spray composition of the present disclosure. FIG. 4B shows a water hemp plant 25 hours after application of a spray composition of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 5A shows a water hemp plant 25 hours after application of a spray composition of the present disclosure. FIG. 5B shows a water hemp plant experiencing plant death 25 hours after application of a spray composition of the present disclosure.Detailed Description

[0015] Before various aspects of the present invention are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methods, compositions, or materials disclosed herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0016] Concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical 2101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. As an illustration, a numerical range of “about 2 to about 50” should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of 2 to 50, but also include all individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values such as 2, 2.4, 3, 3.7, 4, 5.5, 10, 10.1, 14, 15, 15.98, 20, 20.13, 23, 25.06, 30, 35.1, 38.0, 40, 44, 44.6, 45, 48, and sub-ranges such as from 1-3, from 2-4, from 5-10, from 5-20, from 5-25, from 5-30, from 5-35, from 5-40, from 5-50, from 2-10, from 2-20, from 2-30, from 2-40, from 2-50, etc. This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value as a minimum or a maximum. Furthermore, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.

[0017] As used herein, the term “about” is used to provide flexibility to a numerical range endpoint by providing that a given value may be “a little above” or “a little below” the endpoint. For example, the endpoint may be within 10%, 8%, 5%, 3%, 2%, or 1% of the listed value. Further, for the sake of convenience and brevity and in another example, a numerical range of “about 50 mg / mL to about 80 mg / mL” should also be understood to provide support for the range of “50 mg / mL to 80 mg / mL.”

[0018] In this disclosure, the terms “including,” “containing,” and / or “having” are understood to mean comprising, and are open ended terms.

[0019] As used herein, the term “plant” refers to any member of the kingdom Plantae, including agricultural plants or crops. In particular, plants include herbicide-resistant plants.

[0020] The present application is directed hydrolyzed protein compositions and methods of using the same. The hydrolyzed protein compositions comprise a wettable powder of a hydrolyzed protein. The wettable powder rapidly goes into suspension when mixed a carrier such as water. The hydrolyzed protein composition increases the efficacy of active agents such as herbicides. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the hydrolyzed protein carrier composition enhances the mobility of active agents to move across barriers such as cell walls and cell membranes, thereby increasing their effectiveness.I. Wettable Powder

[0021] The compositions of the present disclosure are in the form of a wettable powder. As defined herein, a wettable powder is defined as a powder that is mixed with water or another carrier and is rapidly suspended in the water or other carrier. Wettability generally refers to the3101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023rate at which the wettable powder is suspended in water or another carrier. As used herein, “wettability” is defined as the time required to suspend the wettable powder when 1 g of wettable powder added to 100 ml_ of water or another carrier and agitated with a magnetic stir bar at 100 RPM.

[0022] The compositions of the present disclosure may have a wettability of about 2 minutes or less, such as about 1.5 minutes or less, about 1 minute or less, about 45 seconds or less, about 30 seconds or less, about 15 seconds or less, or about 10 seconds or less. The compositions of the present disclosure may have a wettability from about 5 seconds to about 15 seconds, about 5 seconds to about 30 seconds, about 5 seconds to about 45 seconds, about 5 seconds to about 1 minute, about 5 seconds to about 1.25 minutes, about 5 seconds to about 1.5 minutes, about 5 seconds to about 1.75 minutes, or about 5 seconds to about 2 minutes. The compositions of the present disclosure may have a wettability of about 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds, 25 seconds, 30 seconds, 35 seconds, 40 seconds, 45 seconds, 50 seconds, 55 seconds, 1 minute, 1.1 minutes, 1.2 minutes, 1.3 minutes, 1.4 minutes, 1.5 minutes, 1.6 minutes, 1.7 minutes, 1.8 minutes, 1.9 minutes, or about 2 minutes.

[0023] The morphology of the hydrolyzed protein composition differs from the morphology of other protein powders. The morphology differs at least with regard to average particle size, bulk density, and shape of the powder particles.

[0024] The composition may have an average particle size (i.e., D5o) from about 50 microns to about 150 microns. For example, the composition may have an average particle size from about 50 microns to about 60 microns, about 50 microns to about 70 microns, about 50 microns to about 80 microns, about 50 microns to about 90 microns, about 50 microns to about 100 microns, about 50 microns to about 110 microns, about 50 microns to about 120 microns, about 50 microns to about 130 microns, about 50 microns to about 140 microns, about 50 microns to about 150 microns, about 60 microns to about 150 microns, about 70 microns to about 150 microns, about 80 microns to about 150 microns, about 90 microns to about 150 microns, about 100 microns to about 150 microns, about 110 microns to about 150 microns, about 120 microns to about 150 microns, about 130 microns to about 150 microns, about 140 microns to about 150 microns, about 60 microns to about 140 microns, about 70 microns to about 130 microns, about 80 microns to about 120 microns, or about 90 microns to about 110 microns. As another example, the composition may have an average particle size of about 50 microns, 55 microns, 60 microns, 65 microns, 70 microns, 75 microns, 80 microns, 85 microns, 90 microns, 95 microns, 100 microns, 105 microns, 110 microns, 115 microns, 120 microns, 125 microns, 130 microns, 1354101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023microns, 140 microns, 145 microns, or about 150 microns. The average particle size of the composition may be determined using static light scattering techniques known in the art.

[0025] The composition may have a bulk density from about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL. For example, the composition may have a bulk density from about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.1 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.15 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.2 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.25 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.3 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.35 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.4 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.45 g / mL, about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.1 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.15 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.2 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.25 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.3 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.35 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.4 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.45 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL, about 0.1 g / mL to about 0.4 g / mL, about 0.2 g / mL to about 0.4 g / mL, about 0.1 g / mL to about 0.3 g / mL, or about 0.2 g / mL to about 0.3 g / mL. As another example, the composition may have a bulk density of about 0.05 g / mL, about 0.1 g / mL, about 0.15 g / mL, about 0.2 g / mL, about 0.25 g / mL, about 0.3 g / mL, about 0.35 g / mL, about 0.4 g / mL, about 0.45 g / mL, or about 0.5 g / mL.

[0026] The composition may have a moisture content of about 6 wt% or less. For example, the composition may have a moisture content of about 6 wt% or less, about 5 wt% or less, about 4 wt% or less, about 3 wt% or less, about 2 wt% or less, about 1 wt% or less, about 0.5 wt% or less, or about 0.1 wt% or less.

[0027] The composition comprises or consists of a hydrolyzed protein. The hydrolyzed protein may include a hydrolyzed plant-based protein. For example, the hydrolyzed plant-based protein may include soy protein, corn protein, oat protein, wheat protein, pea protein, rice protein, nut protein, algal (e.g., Spirulina) protein, kelp protein, or combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the hydrolyzed plant-based protein includes hydrolyzed soy protein. In another embodiment, the hydrolyzed plant-based protein includes an algal protein.

[0028] The hydrolyzed protein may include a hydrolyzed animal-based protein. For example, the hydrolyzed animal-based protein may include whey protein, casein protein, egg protein, albumen protein, blood meal protein, bone meal protein, fish protein, shellfish protein, plankton protein, or combinations thereof.

[0029] The hydrolyzed protein may include a hydrolyzed fungus-based protein. For example, the hydrolyzed fungus-based protein may include Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein, Kluyveromyces marxianus protein, Candida utilis protein, Yarrowia lipolytica protein, Fusarium5101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023venenatum protein, Aspergillus oryzae protein, Monascus purpureus protein, or combinations thereof.

[0030] In preferred embodiments, the composition does not include a lipid. For example, the composition may not include a lecithin, an oil, a fat, or another lipid.

[0031] In some embodiments, the composition may include an active agent. The active agent may include an herbicide, a pesticide, a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, micronutrients, a biologic, a peptide, an additional protein (including non-hydrolyzed proteins), a botanical agent, or a combination thereof. The pesticide may include an herbicide, a fungicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a biopesticide, or any combination thereof.

[0032] The herbicide may be a commercially available herbicide. The herbicide may include imidazolinone, acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, AKH-7088, alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amidosulfuron, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, BAS 620H, BAS 654 OOH, BAY FOE 5043, benazolin, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzofenap, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, butachlor, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlormethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chloroacetic acid, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop-methyl, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid, dinitramine, dinocap, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethofumesate, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluchloralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, glyphosinate, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, HC-252, hexazinone, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosuluron, imidazilinone, indanofan, ioxynil, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet,6101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023metamitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid, methyldymron, methyl isothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid, norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pendimethalin, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rimsulfuron, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sodium chlorate, STS system (sulfonylurea), sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, tar oils, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, trietazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, vernolate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the herbicide may include a group 14 or group 15 herbicide, such as pyroxasulfone and fluthiacet-methyl (sold as Anthem Maxx®).

[0033] The fungicide may include carbamate fungicides such as 3,3'-ethylenebis(tetrahydro-4,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione), zinc or manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate), bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)disulfide, zinc propylenebis(dithiocarbamate, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)ethylenediamine, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, 1,2-bis(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene, 1-isopropylcarbamoyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)hydantoin, potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamate, and 5-methyl-10-butoxycarbonylamino-10,11 -dehydrodibenzo (b,f)azepine; pyridine fungicides such as zinc bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)pyridinethionate) and 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt; phosphorus fungicides such as O,O-diisopropyl S-benzylphosphorothioate and O-ethyl S,S-diphenyldithiophosphate; phthalimide fungicides such as N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)phthalimide and N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-4-methylphthalimide; dicarboxyimide fungicides such as N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxyimide and N-tetrachloroethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxyimide; oxathine fungicides such as 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-oxathine-3-carboxanilido-4,4-dioxide and 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-oxathine-3-carboxanilide; naphthoquinone fungicides such as 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-oxy-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone copper sulfate; pentachloronitrobenzene; 1 ,4-dichloro-2,5-7101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023dimethoxybenzene; 5-methyl-s-triazol(3,4-b)benzthiazole; 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole; 3-hydroxy-5-methylisooxazole; N-2,3-dichlorophenyltetrachlorophthalamic acid; 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1-2,4-thiadiazole; 2,4-dichloro-6-(O-chloroanilino)-1 ,3,5-triazine; 2,3-dicyano-1 ,4-dithioanthraquinone; copper 8-quinolinate, polyoxine; validamycin; cycloheximide; iron methanearsonate; diisopropyl- 1 ,3-dithiolane-2-iridene malonate; 3-allyloxy-1 ,2-benzoisothiazol-1,1 -dioxide; kasugamycin; blasticidin S; 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide; 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyloxazolizine-2, 4-dione; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxyimide; S-n-butyl-5'-para-t-butylbenzyl-N-3-pyridyldithiocarbonylimidate; 4-chlorophenoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H,1,3,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone; methyl-D,L-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2'-methoxyacetyl)alaninate; N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazol-1-carboxamide; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide; tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; 2-dimethylamino-4-methyl-5-n-butyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline; 3-methyl-4-chlorobenzthiazol-2-one; 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinoline-2-one; 3'-isopropoxy-2-methylbenzanilide; 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1,3-dioxorane-2-ylmethyl]-1H,1,2,4-triazol; 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one; basic copper chloride; basic copper sulfate; N'-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N,N-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide; ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)thiocarbamate hydrochloride; piomycin; S,S-6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-diyldithiocarbonate; complex of zinc and manneb; di-zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) and glyphosate; chlorothalonil-based fungicides, strobilurin-based fungicides such as azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin; and triazole-based fungicide such as myclobutanil, propiconazole, tebuconazol, tetraconazole, or any combination thereof.. In some embodiments, the fungicide may be zeolite. In further embodiments, the fungicide may be captan, carboxin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, imazalil, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, penhlufen, prothioconazole, sedaxane, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, thiram, triadimenol, or any combination thereof.

[0034] The insecticide may include a neonicotinoid. Non-limiting examples of suitable neonicotinoids include abamectin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. In other embodiments, the insecticide may be an organophosphate. Suitable organophosphates include 0,0-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl]phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)thiophosphate, 0,0-dimethyl S — (N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S — (N-methyl-N-formylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate, 0,0-diethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate, O,O-dimethyl-1-8101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023hydroxy-2, 2, 2-trichloroethylphosphonate, O,O-diethyl-O-(5-phenyl-3-isooxazolyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-methylmercaptophenyl)thiophosphate, O-ethyl O-p-cyanophenyl phenylphosphorothioate, O,O-dimethyl-S-(1 ,2-dicarboethoxyethyl)phosphorodithioate, 2-chloro-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)vinyldimethyl phosphate, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyldimethyl phosphate, 0,0-dimethyl O-p-cyanophenyl phosphorothioate, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, 0,0-diethyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorothioate, ethyl mercaptophenylacetate 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, S-[(6-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzooxazolinyl)methyl] 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethylphosphate, 0,0-diethyl O-(3-oxo-2-phenyl-2H-pyridazine-6-yl) phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-(1-methyl-2-ethylsulfinyl)-ethyl phosphorothiolate, 0,0-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate, 0,0-diethyl S — (N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-[2-methoxy-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-5-(4H)-onyl-(4)-methyl] dithiophosphate, 2-methoxy-4H-1 ,3,2-benzooxaphosphorine 2-sulfide, 0,0-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothiate, O-ethyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl thionobenzene phosphonate, 5-[4,6-diamino-s-triazine-2-yl-methyl] 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphorothioate, O,S-dimethyl N-acetyl phosphoroamidothioate, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-diethylphosphorothionate, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-dimethylphosphorothionate, 0,0-diethyl O — N-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl phosphorothioate, O-ethyl S-propyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorodithioate, and cis-3-(dimethoxyphosphinoxy)N-methyl-cis-crotone amide. In additional embodiments, the insecticide may be a carbamate. Non-limiting examples of suitable carbamates include 1 -naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, S-methyl N-[methylcarbamoyloxy]thioacetoimidate, m-tolyl methylcarbamate, 3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate, 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate, 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranylmethylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate, 1,3-bis(carbamoylthio)-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)propane hydrochloride, and 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-dimethylcarbamate. In still other embodiments, the insecticide may be chosen from N,N-dimethyl N'-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)formamidine hydrochloride, nicotine sulfate, milbemycin, 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiocyclic S,S-dithiocarbonate, 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenyl dimethylacrylate, 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl) 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)isopropyl-2'-chloroethylsulfite, azoxybenzene, di-(p-chlorophenyl)-cyclopropyl carbinol, di[tri(2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl)tin]oxide, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea, and S-tricyclohexyltin 0,0-diisopropylphosphorodithioate. In certain embodiments, the insecticide may be chlorpyriphos, diazinon, imidacloprid, lindane, permethrin, tefluthrin, orthiamethoxam.9101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0035] The nematicide may include 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, abamectin, benomyl, carvacrol, carbofuran, carbosulfan, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl, sulfoxaml, tirpate, cloethocarb, dazomet, metam, fluensulfone, trifluenfuronate, allyl isothiocyanate, carbon disulfide, chloropicrin, cyanogen, (RS)-1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, bis(2-chloro-1 -methylethyl) ether, phosphamidon, cadusafos, dimethoate, ethoprophos, isamidofos, phorate, terbufos, isazofos, thionazin, triazophos, dichlofenthion, fensulfothion, heterophos, phosphocarb, mecarphon, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, fosthietan, imicyafos, diamidafos, xylenols, acetoprole, cyclobutrifluram, fluopyram, fluazaindolizine, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, benclothiaz, furfural, galquin, tioxazafen, or any combination thereof.

[0036] The biopesticide may include such as Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Beauveria spp., Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocaldium virens, Pythium oligandrum, Verticillium dahlia, Ampelomyces quisqualis, Bacillus subtilis (including Bacillus subtilis QST 713, Bacillus subtilis GB03, and Bacillus subtilis MBI 600), Serratia entomophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fumosoroseus, Bacillus thuringiensis (including subspecies Kurstaki and subspecies israelensis), Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, and any combination thereof.

[0037] Plant growth regulators are natural or synthetic substances that influence plant growth and development. The plant-growth regulator may include auxins (e.g., indole acetic acid, indole propionic acid, indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid, and the like), gibberellins (e.g., gibberellin A1 (GA1), gibberellic acid (GA3), GA4, GA7, ent-gibberellane, ent-kaurene, and so forth), cytokinins (e.g., kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzylaminopurine, diphenylurea, thidiazuron, and the like), abscisic acid, ethylene, or combinations thereof.

[0038] The fertilizer may include nitrogen (N) fertilizers, phosphate (P) fertilizers, potassium (K) fertilizers, NP fertilizers, NK fertilizers, PK fertilizers, and NPK fertilizers. In certain embodiments, the fertilizer may contain one or more secondary macronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and / or sulfur. For example, suitable fertilizers include mono- or dibasic ammonium phosphates, their calcium and magnesium salts, ammonium nitrates, and mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the fertilizer may also contain one or more micronutrients. In further embodiments, the fertilizer may be synthetic or commercial. In other embodiments, the fertilizer may be organic and contain plant and / or animal derived organic matter.

[0039] The micronutrients may include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, silicon, vanadium, or combinations thereof.10101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0040] The peptide may include an antimicrobial peptide, an immune inducing peptide, a plant growth-regulating peptide, an insecticidal peptide, an herbicidal peptide, or combinations thereof. For example, the antimicrobial peptide may include abaecin, apidaecins, cecropin B, dermaseptin, drosomycin, indolicidin, LfcinB, magainin II, penetratin, PGQ, pVEC, spodopsin la, a1-purothionin, BLAD, Ca-AFP, Ca-LTP1, J1, maSAMP, NaD1, Pa-AFP1, Pe-AFP1, Peptide-1, Pf2, PhD1, PhD2, PvD1, SD2, Snakin-1, Snakin-2, Snakin-Z, Thi2.1, Tn-AFP1, ZmD32, ZmPepI, AFP, ANAFP, NAF, NAF, a_P2, Alf- AFP, CAMEL, Cecropin P1 , CEMA, Dm-AMP1, DS01-THA, D4E1, D32R, ESF12, Iseganan, KYE28, MB39, Mj- AMP1, MSI-99, MSrA1, MsrA2, MsrA3, Myp30, NCR044, NoPvl, O3TR, C12O3TR, Peptaibol, Pep11, Pexiganan, PV5, F NFAP-opt, F NFAP-optGZ, SB-37, Shiva-1, SNP-D4, Tachyplesin I, TK VI, VG16KRKP, 10 R.11 R, or combinations thereof. As another example, the plant growth-regulating peptide may include CLE, CEP, Hicure®, IDA, AtRALFI, AtRALF23, CEPs, CIFs, CLE19, CLE25, CLE41 / 44 (TDIF), CLE40, CLV3, CLE2, EPF2, GmCLE40, GRI, IDA, LRPP, MtCLE12, MtRALFLI, NaRALF, phytosulfokine, PSY, PtdRALFI, PtdRALF2, RALF1, RALF23, RGFs, SacRALFI, SIPRALF, SIRALF, Systemin, TobHypSys, TomHypSys, Tomato CLV3, Ea peptide 91,938, PEP, CAMEL, CEP1, KEYLAN Ca, KEYLAN Combi, KEYLAN Fe, KEYLAN Max, KEYLAN Mn, KEYLAN Zn, NOP-1, PEP6-32, PSK-a, or combinations thereof. As another example, the insecticidal peptide may include AaHITI, AalT, Adipokinetic hormone, Allatostatin A, Allatostatin B, Allatostatin C, Allatotropin, a-nemertides, Anti-diuretic Factor, Av3, Ba1, Ba2, p-diguetoxin-Dc1a, BjalT, BmKITI, BmBKTxl, BoiTxl, BotITI, BotlT2, BotlT4, BotlT5, BotlT6, Brachyin, Brhl, BrhV, BslT1, BslT12, BslT13, BslT14, P-TRTX-Cd1a, Bursicon, CCHamide, Checacinl, CNMamide, CpTxl, CpTx2a, CpTx3a, CpTx4a, CsTx-1, CsTx-2a, CsTx-2b, Ct-IT1, Ct-IT2, Diuretic Hormone 31, GF1, GP2, GP5, HWTX-V, Iml, J-ACTX-Hv1a, J-ACTX-Hv1b, J-ACTX-Hv1c, co-ACTX-Hv2a, co / K-HXTX-Hv1a, Kinin, K-TRTX-EC (2a, 2 b), LaSicTox-alB2bi, Latroeggtoxin-lll, LqhlT2, LqholT, Magi2, Magi3, Natalisin, Neuropeptide F, Neuropeptide-like precursor, NnFV, OAIP-1, Orcokinin, OtTxl, Oxkil, Oxki2, Pin2, OxyTxl, OxyTx2, Partner of bursicon, Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), PnTx4-3, PnTx4 (5-5), Poneratoxin, Ponericins, RFV, RY amide, Sf1a, Short neuropeptide F, Sulfakinin, TblT-1, Trissin, TxVIA, Tx4 (6-1), U-MYRTX-MANr1, U1-TRTX-Ct1 (a,b), U1-liotoxin-Lw1a, U2-SCTX-Li1b, p-DGTX-Dc1a, p-NPTX-Nc1a, p-SPRTX-Hv2, p-theraphotoxin-Ae1a, p-TRTX-Ae1a, p / co-TRTX-Mb1a, p / co-TRTX-Mb1b, Vespulakinin, co -Tbo-IT1, 6-PalulT1, 6-PalulT2, 6-PalulT3, 5-PalulT4, BrD1, CterM, CycloviolacinH3, CycloviolacinOI, CycloviolacinO2, CycloviolacinO3, CycloviolacinO8, CycloviolacinOI 2, CycloviolacinO13, CycloviolacinO14, CycloviolacinOI 5, CycloviolacinO16, CycloviolacinOI 9, CycloviolacinO24, CycloviolacinYI, CycloviolacinY4, CycloviolacinY5, Hypa A, Jaburetox-2Ec, KalataBI, KalataB2,11101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023KalataB6, KalataB7, KalataB8, Parigidin-Br1, PA1b, Sero-X®, Varv A, Varv E, Kalata S, Vhl-1 , VrCRP, VrD1, Beauveriolide I, Cyclic depsipeptides, Cyclodipeptides, Destruxins, Iso-isariin D, Longibrachin A-l, Longibrachin A-ll-b, Pumilacidin C, SLP1, CAPA-PK analogue (1895 + 2315), GS-co / K-HXTX-Hv1a, H17, K-Aib-1, K15, K24, P5, B1, 1112, A6, Manse-AT, Manse-AT (10-13), PPK-Jo, 11-1, IV-3, M1,L25, L7, 2460 analogue, 1963 analogue, or combinations thereof. As another example, the herbicidal pesticide may include Ala-Ala, Ala-Asn, Ala-Gin, Gly-Ala, Gln-Gln, Leu-Ser-Pro-Ala-GIn, AMPB-Ala-Ala-AMPB, AMPB-Gly-Ala, Basta, Bialaphos, Compounds 1-7, des-N-methylthaxtomin C, Herbiace, Hydroxythaxtomin A, Hydroxythaxtomin C, Phosalacine, Plumebmycin A, Plumebmycin B, Resormycin, Romidepsin, Tentoxin, Thaxtomin A, Thaxtomin A o-isomer, Thaxtomin A p-isomer, Thaxtomin B, Thaxtomin C, triaphos, Compounds 14,15, 5a, or combinations thereof.

[0041] The additional protein may include a plant-based protein, an animal-based protein, a fungus-based protein, or any combination thereof, such as the proteins described hereinabove. The additional protein may be a hydrolyzed protein or a non-hydrolyzed protein.

[0042] The botanical agent may include a botanical pesticide, botanical insecticide, a botanical herbicide, a botanical deterrent, a botanical repellant, or combinations thereof. The botanical agent may include pyrethrum, neem, essential oils (e.g., d-limonene), rotenone, sabadilla, ryania, nicotine, linalool, or combinations thereof.

[0043] In some embodiments, the composition may include one or more additives including preservatives, emulsifying agents, adjuvants, extenders, pH adjusters, essential oils, plant oils, lipids, or combinations thereof.

[0044] The preservative may include antioxidants (such as, e.g., alpha-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid, dihydroguaretic acid, potassium ascorbate, potassium sorbate, propylgallate, sodium bisulfate, sodium isoascorbate, sodium metabisulfate, sorbic acid, 4-chloro-2,6-ditertiarybutylphenol, and so forth), antimicrobials (such as, e.g., benzyl alcohol, cetylpryidine chloride, glycerine, parabens, propylene glycol, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium propionate, and the like), or combinations thereof.

[0045] The emulsifying agents may include guar gum, carrageenan, polysorbates, agar agar, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and other emulsifying agents or combinations thereof.12101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0046] The extenders may include nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, urease inhibitors, poly-coated urea, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide, N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide, or combinations thereof.

[0047] The pH adjusters may include a strong base, a strong acid, an organic base, an organic acid, or one or more buffers to adjust the pH of the wettable powder.

[0048] The essential oils may include agar oil, ajwain oil, amyris oil, angelica root oil, anise oil, armoise oil, asafoetida oil, attar, balsam of Peru, basil oil, bay leaf oil, beeswax absolute, bergamot oil, birch oil, bitter almond oil, black pepper oil, buchu oil, calamodin oil, calamus oil, camphor oil, cannabis flower essential oil, caraway seed oil, cardamom seed oil, carrot seed oil, cedar oil, chamomile oil, cinnamon oil, citron oil, citronella oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, coconut oil, coffee oil, coriander oil, costmary oil, costus root oil, cranberry seed oil, cubeb oil, cumin seed oil, curry leaf oil, cypress oil, cypriol oil, davana oil, dill oil, douglas fir oil, elecampane oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel seed oil, fenugreek oil, fir oil, frankincense oil, galangal oil, galbanum oil, garlic oil, ginger oil, goldenrod oil, grapefruit oil, helichrysum oil, hickory nut oil, horseradish oil, hyssop, jasmine oil, juniper berry oil, lavender oil, Ledum, lemon oil, lime oil, linalool, mandarin oil, marjoram oil, manuka oil, melissa oil, mint oil, moringa oil, mustard oil, myrrh oil, neem oil, neroli oil, nutmet oil, orange oil, oregano oil, orris oil, parsley oil, perilla oil, peppermint oil, pine oil, rose oil, rosehip oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil,

[0049] The lipids may include phospholipids, oils, or fats. The phospholipid include a lecithin, such as a lecithin derived from soy, sunflower, corn, peanuts, grains, or eggs. The oils may include vegetable oils, such as, for example, include soy oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, or sunflower oil, or fish oils, such as, for example, anchovy oil, herring oil, krill oil, mackerel oil, salmon oil, or sardine oil. The fats may include animals fats such as beef tallow, pork fat, lamb fat, chicken fat, butterfat, and the like. Preferably, the wettable powder does not contain any lipid; i.e., the wettable powder is free of a lipid.

[0050] The wettable powder may be made by spray drying a hydrolyzed protein and agglomerating the spray-dried hydrolyzed protein to form the wettable powder.

[0051] The spray-drying may be performed using a spray dryer. Referring to FIG. 1, a slurry comprising a hydrolyzed protein is mixed in a mixing tank 102. The hydrolyzed protein is mixed under shear. The slurry is then pumped using pump 104 into a spray dryer 106. The spray dryer sprays the slurry from a spray nozzle 108 to evaporate the solvent in the slurry, thereby solidifying13101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023the hydrolyzed protein into a powder. The powder then falls to the bottom of the spray dryer 106 and is collected in a baghouse 110.

[0052] The slurry in the mixing tank 102 may have a dry solids content from about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%. For example, the slurry may have a dry solids content from about 15 wt% to about 17.5 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 22.5 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 17.5 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 17.5 wt% to about 22.5 wt%, about 17.5 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 22.5 wt%, or about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%. As another example, the slurry may have a dry solids content of about 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, or about 25 wt%.

[0053] The slurry temperature at the spray dryer inlet 130 may be from about 350°F to about 450° F. For example, the slurry temperature at the spray dryer inlet 130 may be from about 350° F to about 375°F, about 350°F to about 400°F, about 350°F to about 425°F, about 350°F to about 450°F, about 375°F to about 400°F, about 375°F to about 425°F, about 375°F to about 450°F, about 400°F to about 425°F, about 400°F to about 450°F, or about 425°F to about 450°F. As another example, the slurry temperature at the spray dryer inlet 130 may be about 350°F, 360°F, 370°F, 380°F, 390°F, 400°F, 410°F, 420°F, 430°F, 440°F, or about 450°F.

[0054] The pressure at the spray dryer inlet 130 may be from about 1350 psi to about 1650 psi. For example, the pressure at the spray dryer inlet may be from about 1350 psi to about 1450 psi, about 1350 psi to about 1550 psi, about 1350 psi to about 1650 psi, about 1450 psi to about 1550 psi, about 1450 psi to about 1650 psi, or about 1550 psi to about 1650 psi. As another example, the pressure at the spray dryer inlet 130 may be about 1350 psi, 1400 psi, 1450 psi, 1500 psi, 1550 psi, 1600 psi, or about 1650 psi.

[0055] The temperature of the powder at the spray dryer outlet 132 may be from about 165°F to about 235°F. For example, the temperature of the powder at the spray dryer outlet 132 may be from about 165°F to about 180°F, about 165°F to about 200°F, about 165°F to about 220°F, about 165°F to about 235°F, about 180°F to about 235°F, about 200°F to about 235°F, about 220°F to about 235°F, about 180°F to about 220°F, or about 190°F to about 200°F. As another example, the temperature of the powder at the spray dryer outlet 132 may be about 165°F, 170°F, 175°F, 180°F, 185°F, 190°F, 195°F, 200°F, 205°F, 210°F, 215°F, 220°F, 225°F, 230°F, or about 235°F.

[0056] The spray-dried powder is directed to a fluid bed 114. The fluid bed 114 allows smaller particles in the powder to be collected from the spray dryer outlet 132. The inlet of the fluid bed 114 may have a temperature from about 165°F to about 235°F (i.e., about the temperature of the14101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023spray dryer outlet 132). The fluid bed 114 may have a heating pressure from about 4.05 inches of H2O to about 4.65 inches of H2O.

[0057] The outlet temperature of the fluid bed 114 may be about 135°F to about 185°F. For example, the outlet temperature of the fluid bed 114 may be about 135°F to about 145°F, about 135°F to about 155°F, about 135°F to about 165°F, about 135°F to about 175°F, about 135°F to about 185°F, about 145°F to about 185°F, about 155°F to about 185°F, about 165°F to about 185°F, about 175°F to about 185°F, about 145°F to about 175°F, or about 155°F to about 165°F. As another example, the outlet temperature of the fluid bed 114 may be about 135°F, 140°F, 145°F, 150°F, 155°F, 160°F, 165°F, 170°F, 175°F, 180°F, or about 185°F.

[0058] The baghouse 110 operates under negative pressure to remove particles having a small diameter (e.g., about 30 microns or less). The pressure of the baghouse 110 may be about -0.01 atm to about -0.05 atm. The small particles are then recirculated to the spray dryer 106 through recirculation line 112 and sprayed through a secondary feed to contact particles sprayed through the spray nozzle 108, thereby causing the smaller particles to agglomerate with the larger particles of the slurry sprayed through the spray nozzle 108. The larger particles are collected in the baghouse, which form the wettable powder of the present disclosure.

[0059] After the wettable powder is formed, one or more additional ingredients as described above may be added to the wettable powder.II. Suspension

[0060] The wettable powder composition described in Section I above may be suspended in a carrier to create a suspension. Due to the increased wettability of the wettable powder described above, the wettable powder suspends in the carrier rapidly. As used herein, “carrier” may refer to any liquid used to create a suspension with the wettable powder composition. The carrier may include water or it may include another liquid product, such as a liquid fertilizer.

[0061] The wettable powder may be added to the carrier and mixed to suspend the wettable powder in the carrier to form the suspension. The mixing may be accomplished by agitating, mixing, stirring, shaking, tumbling, or other methods to thoroughly mix the carrier and the wettable powder. The mixing may stop when the wettable powder is suspended in the carrier, which generally may be determined by visual inspection.

[0062] The wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount such that the suspension has a dry solids content from about 2 wt% to about 18 wt%. For example, the wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount such that the suspension has a dry solids15101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023content from about 2 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 4 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 6 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 7 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 8 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 11 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 12 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 13 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 14 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 15 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 16 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 17 wt%, about 2 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 3 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 6 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 8 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 9 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 11 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 12 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 13 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 14 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 16 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 17 wt% to about 18 wt%, about 4 wt% to about 16 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 15 wt%, or about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%. As another example, the wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount such that the suspension has a dry solids content of about 2 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4 wt%, 4.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 5.5 wt%, 6 wt%, 6.5 wt%, 7 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 8 wt%, 8.5 wt%, 9 wt%, 9.5 wt%, 10 wt%, 10.5 wt%, 11 wt%, 11.5 wt%, 12 wt%, 12.5 wt%, 13 wt%, 13.5 wt%, 14 wt%, 14.5 wt%, 15 wt%, 15.5 wt%, 16 wt%, 16.5 wt%, 17 wt%, 17.5 wt%, or about 18 wt%.

[0063] In some embodiments, the wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount such that the suspension has a dry solids content from about 7 wt% to about 10 wt%. For example, the wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount such that the suspension has a dry solids content from about 7 wt% to about 7.5 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 8 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 8.5 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 9 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 9.5 wt%, about 7 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 7.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 8 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 8.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 9 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 9.5 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 7.5 wt% to about 9.5 wt%, or about 8 wt% to about 9 wt%. As another example, the suspension may have a dry solids content of about 7 wt%, 7.1 wt%, 7.2 wt%, 7.3 wt%, 7.4 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 7.6 wt%, 7.7 wt%, 7.8 wt%, 7.9 wt%, 8 wt%, 8.1 wt%, 8.2 wt%, 8.3 wt%, 8.4 wt%, 8.5 wt%, 8.6 wt%, 8.7 wt%, 8.8 wt%, 8.9 wt%, 9 wt%, 9.1 wt%, 9.2 wt%, 9.3 wt%, 9.4 wt%, 9.5 wt%, 9.6 wt%, 9.7 wt%, 9.8 wt%, 9.9 wt%, or about 10 wt%.

[0064] The suspension may further include an active agent. The active agent may include an herbicide, a pesticide, a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, micronutrients, a biologic, or a combination thereof. The pesticide may include an herbicide, a fungicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a biopesticide, or any combination thereof.16101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0065] The herbicide may be a commercially available herbicide. The herbicide may include imidazolinone, acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, AKH-7088, alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amidosulfuron, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, BAS 620H, BAS 654 OOH, BAY FOE 5043, benazolin, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzofenap, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, butachlor, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlormethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chloroacetic acid, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop-methyl, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid, dinitramine, dinocap, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethofumesate, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluchloralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, glyphosinate, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, HC-252, hexazinone, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosuluron, imidazilinone, indanofan, ioxynil, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, metamitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid, methyldymron, methyl isothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid, norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pendimethalin, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, quinclorac, quinmerac,17101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rimsulfuron, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sodium chlorate, STS system (sulfonylurea), sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, tar oils, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, trietazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, vernolate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the herbicide may include a group 14 or group 15 herbicide, such as pyroxasulfone and fluthiacet-methyl (sold as Anthem Maxx®).

[0066] The fungicide may include carbamate fungicides such as 3,3'-ethylenebis(tetrahydro-4,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione), zinc or manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate), bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)disulfide, zinc propylenebis(dithiocarbamate, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)ethylenediamine, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, 1,2-bis(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene, 1-isopropylcarbamoyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)hydantoin, potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamate, and 5-methyl-10-butoxycarbonylamino-10,11 -dehydrodibenzo (b,f)azepine; pyridine fungicides such as zinc bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)pyridinethionate) and 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt; phosphorus fungicides such as O,O-diisopropyl S-benzylphosphorothioate and O-ethyl S,S-diphenyldithiophosphate; phthalimide fungicides such as N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)phthalimide and N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-4-methylphthalimide; dicarboxyimide fungicides such as N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxyimide and N-tetrachloroethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxyimide; oxathine fungicides such as 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-oxathine-3-carboxanilido-4,4-dioxide and 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-oxathine-3-carboxanilide; naphthoquinone fungicides such as 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-oxy-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone copper sulfate; pentachloronitrobenzene; 1 ,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene; 5-methyl-s-triazol(3,4-b)benzthiazole; 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole; 3-hydroxy-5-methylisooxazole; N-2,3-dichlorophenyltetrachlorophthalamic acid; 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1-2,4-thiadiazole; 2,4-dichloro-6-(O-chloroanilino)-1 ,3,5-triazine; 2,3-dicyano-1 ,4-dithioanthraquinone; copper 8-quinolinate, polyoxine; validamycin; cycloheximide; iron methanearsonate; diisopropyl- 1 ,3-dithiolane-2-iridene malonate; 3-allyloxy-1 ,2-benzoisothiazol-1,1 -dioxide; kasugamycin; blasticidin S; 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide; 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyloxazolizine-2, 4-dione; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxyimide; S-n-butyl-5'-para-t-butylbenzyl-N-3-pyridyldithiocarbonylimidate; 4-chlorophenoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H,1,3,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone; methyl-D,L-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2'-methoxyacetyl)alaninate; N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-18101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazol-1-carboxamide; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide; tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; 2-dimethylamino-4-methyl-5-n-butyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline; 3-methyl-4-chlorobenzthiazol-2-one; 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinoline-2-one; 3'-isopropoxy-2-methylbenzanilide; 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1,3-dioxorane-2-ylmethyl]-1H,1,2,4-triazol; 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one; basic copper chloride; basic copper sulfate; N'-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N,N-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide; ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)thiocarbamate hydrochloride; piomycin; S,S-6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-diyldithiocarbonate; complex of zinc and manneb; di-zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) and glyphosate; chlorothalonil-based fungicides, strobilurin-based fungicides such as azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin; and triazole-based fungicide such as myclobutanil, propiconazole, tebuconazol, tetraconazole, or any combination thereof.. In some embodiments, the fungicide may be zeolite. In further embodiments, the fungicide may be captan, carboxin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, imazalil, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, penhlufen, prothioconazole, sedaxane, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, thiram, triadimenol, or any combination thereof.

[0067] The insecticide may include a neonicotinoid. Non-limiting examples of suitable neonicotinoids include abamectin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. In other embodiments, the insecticide may be an organophosphate. Suitable organophosphates include 0,0-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl]phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)thiophosphate, 0,0-dimethyl S — (N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S — (N-methyl-N-formylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate, 0,0-diethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate, O,O-dimethyl-1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethylphosphonate, O,O-diethyl-O-(5-phenyl-3-isooxazolyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-methylmercaptophenyl)thiophosphate, O-ethyl O-p-cyanophenyl phenylphosphorothioate, O,O-dimethyl-S-(1 ,2-dicarboethoxyethyl)phosphorodithioate, 2-chloro-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)vinyldimethyl phosphate, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyldimethyl phosphate, 0,0-dimethyl O-p-cyanophenyl phosphorothioate, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, 0,0-diethyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorothioate, ethyl mercaptophenylacetate 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, S-[(6-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzooxazolinyl)methyl] 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethylphosphate, 0,0-diethyl O-(3-oxo-2-phenyl-2H-pyridazine-6-yl) phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-(1-methyl-2-ethylsulfinyl)-ethyl19101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023phosphorothiolate, O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate, 0,0-diethyl S — (N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorodithioate, O,O-dimethyl S-[2-methoxy-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-5-(4H)-onyl-(4)-methyl] dithiophosphate, 2-methoxy-4H-1 ,3,2-benzooxaphosphorine 2-sulfide, 0,0-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothiate, O-ethyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl thionobenzene phosphonate, 5-[4,6-diamino-s-triazine-2-yl-methyl] 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphorothioate, O,S-dimethyl N-acetyl phosphoroamidothioate, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-diethylphosphorothionate, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-dimethylphosphorothionate, 0,0-diethyl O — N-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl phosphorothioate, O-ethyl S-propyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorodithioate, and cis-3-(dimethoxyphosphinoxy)N-methyl-cis-crotone amide. In additional embodiments, the insecticide may be a carbamate. Non-limiting examples of suitable carbamates include 1 -naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, S-methyl N-[methylcarbamoyloxy]thioacetoimidate, m-tolyl methylcarbamate, 3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate, 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate, 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranylmethylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate, 1,3-bis(carbamoylthio)- 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)propane hydrochloride, and 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-dimethylcarbamate. In still other embodiments, the insecticide may be chosen from N,N-dimethyl N'-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)formamidine hydrochloride, nicotine sulfate, milbemycin, 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiocyclic S,S-dithiocarbonate, 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenyl dimethylacrylate, 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl) 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)isopropyl-2'-chloroethylsulfite, azoxybenzene, di-(p-chlorophenyl)-cyclopropyl carbinol, di[tri(2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl)tin]oxide, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea, and S-tricyclohexyltin 0,0-diisopropylphosphorodithioate. In certain embodiments, the insecticide may be chlorpyriphos, diazinon, imidacloprid, lindane, permethrin, tefluthrin, orthiamethoxam.

[0068] The nematicide may include 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, abamectin, benomyl, carvacrol, carbofuran, carbosulfan, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl, sulfoxaml, tirpate, cloethocarb, dazomet, metam, fluensulfone, trifluenfuronate, allyl isothiocyanate, carbon disulfide, chloropicrin, cyanogen, (RS)-1,2-dibromo- 3-chloropropane, bis(2-chloro-1 -methylethyl) ether, phosphamidon, cadusafos, dimethoate, ethoprophos, isamidofos, phorate, terbufos, isazofos, thionazin, triazophos, dichlofenthion, fensulfothion, heterophos, phosphocarb, mecarphon, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, fosthietan, imicyafos, diamidafos, xylenols, acetoprole, cyclobutrifluram, fluopyram, fluazaindolizine, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, benclothiaz, furfural, galquin, tioxazafen, or any combination thereof.20101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0069] The biopesticide may include Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Beauveria spp., Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocaldium virens, Pythium oligandrum, Verticillium dahlia, Ampelomyces quisqualis, Bacillus subtilis (including Bacillus subtilis QST 713, Bacillus subtilis GB03, and Bacillus subtilis MBI 600), Serratia entomophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fumosoroseus, Bacillus thuringiensis (including subspecies Kurstaki and subspecies israelensis), Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, and any combination thereof.

[0070] Plant growth regulators are natural or synthetic substances that influence plant growth and development. The plant-growth regulator may include auxins (e.g., indole acetic acid, indole propionic acid, indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid, and the like), gibberellins (e.g., gibberellin A1 (GA1), gibberellic acid (GA3), GA4, GA7, ent-gibberellane, ent-kaurene, and so forth), cytokinins (e.g., kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzylaminopurine, diphenylurea, thidiazuron, and the like), abscisic acid, ethylene, or combinations thereof.

[0071] The fertilizer may include nitrogen (N) fertilizers, phosphate (P) fertilizers, potassium (K) fertilizers, NP fertilizers, NK fertilizers, PK fertilizers, and NPK fertilizers. In certain embodiments, the fertilizer may contain one or more secondary macronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and / or sulfur. For example, suitable fertilizers include mono- or dibasic ammonium phosphates, their calcium and magnesium salts, ammonium nitrates, and mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the fertilizer may also contain one or more micronutrients. In further embodiments, the fertilizer may be synthetic or commercial. In other embodiments, the fertilizer may be organic and contain plant and / or animal derived organic matter.

[0072] The micronutrients may include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, silicon, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0073] In some embodiments, the composition may include one or more additives including preservatives, emulsifying agents, a pH modifier, adjuvants, extenders, essential oils, plant oils, lipids, or combinations thereof.

[0074] The preservative may include antioxidants (such as, e.g., alpha-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid, dihydroguaretic acid, potassium ascorbate, potassium sorbate, propylgallate, sodium bisulfate, sodium isoascorbate, sodium metabisulfate, sorbic acid, 4-chloro-2,6-ditertiarybutylphenol, and so forth), antimicrobials (such as, e.g., benzyl alcohol, cetylpryidine chloride, glycerine, parabens, propylene glycol,21101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium propionate, and the like), or combinations thereof.

[0075] The emulsifying agents may include guar gum, carrageenan, polysorbates, agar agar, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and other emulsifying agents or combinations thereof.

[0076] The pH modifier adjusts the pH of the suspension. The pH modifier may be an organic acid, an organic base, an inorganic acid, an inorganic base, a buffer, or a water conditioner. The pH of suspension may be from about 4.5 to about 9.5, such as from about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9.5, about 5.5 to about 9.5, about 6.5 to about 9.5, about 7.5 to about 9.5, about 8.5 to about 9.5, about 5.5 to about 8.5, or about 6.5 to about 7.5.

[0077] The extenders may include nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, urease inhibitors, poly-coated urea, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide, N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide, or combinations thereof.

[0078] The pH adjusters may include a strong base, a strong acid, an organic base, an organic acid, or one or more buffers to adjust the pH of the wettable powder.

[0079] The essential oils may include agar oil, ajwain oil, amyris oil, angelica root oil, anise oil, armoise oil, asafoetida oil, attar, balsam of Peru, basil oil, bay leaf oil, beeswax absolute, bergamot oil, birch oil, bitter almond oil, black pepper oil, buchu oil, calamodin oil, calamus oil, camphor oil, cannabis flower essential oil, caraway seed oil, cardamom seed oil, carrot seed oil, cedar oil, chamomile oil, cinnamon oil, citron oil, citronella oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, coconut oil, coffee oil, coriander oil, costmary oil, costus root oil, cranberry seed oil, cubeb oil, cumin seed oil, curry leaf oil, cypress oil, cypriol oil, davana oil, dill oil, douglas fir oil, elecampane oil, elemi oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel seed oil, fenugreek oil, fir oil, frankincense oil, galangal oil, galbanum oil, garlic oil, ginger oil, goldenrod oil, grapefruit oil, helichrysum oil, hickory nut oil, horseradish oil, hyssop, jasmine oil, juniper berry oil, lavender oil, Ledum, lemon oil, lime oil, linalool, mandarin oil, marjoram oil, manuka oil, melissa oil, mint oil, moringa oil, mustard oil, myrrh oil, neem oil, neroli oil, nutmet oil, orange oil, oregano oil, orris oil, parsley oil, perilla oil, peppermint oil, pine oil, rose oil, rosehip oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil,

[0080] The lipids may include phospholipids, oils, or fats. The phospholipid include a lecithin, such as a lecithin derived from soy, sunflower, corn, peanuts, grains, or eggs. The oils may include vegetable oils, such as, for example, include soy oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, or sunflower oil, or fish oils, such as, for example,22101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023anchovy oil, herring oil, krill oil, mackerel oil, salmon oil, or sardine oil. The fats may include animals fats such as beef tallow, pork fat, lamb fat, chicken fat, butterfat, and the like. Preferably, the wettable powder does not contain any lipid; i.e., the wettable powder is free of a lipid.III. Spray Composition

[0081] The suspended composition may be diluted with a carrier before applying the composition to a crop. The spray composition includes the wettable powder composition of Section I and a carrier, such as water or another liquid product, such as a liquid fertilizer. Other ingredients, such as active ingredients, may be added to the spray composition before applying the composition to a crop. It was surprisingly found that spray compositions comprising or consisting of the wettable powder and an active ingredient increased the efficacy of the active ingredient.

[0082] The wettable powder may be present in the suspended composition in an amount from about 0.005 wt% to about 1.5 wt% of the carrier. For example, the wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount from about 0.005 wt% to about 0.01 wt%, about 0.005 wt% toa bout 0.05 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.25 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.75 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 1.25 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.25 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.75 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 1.25 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.25 wt% to about 1.25 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.25 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.25 wt% to about 0.75 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the carrier. As another example, the wettable powder may be added to the carrier in an amount of about 0.005 wt%, 0.0075 wt%, 0.01 wt%, 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.35 wt%, 0.4 wt%, 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.9 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.15 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.25 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.35 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.45 wt%, or about 1.5 wt%.

[0083] The spray composition may further include an active agent. The active agent may include an herbicide, a pesticide, a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, micronutrients, a biologic, or a combination thereof. The pesticide may include an herbicide, a fungicide, an insecticide, a nematicide, a biopesticide, or any combination thereof.23101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0084] The active agent may be present in the spray composition in an amount from about 0.01 wt% to about 50 wt%. For example, the active agent may be present in the spray composition in an amount from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.05 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 25 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 0.05 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 0.5 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, or about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%. As another example, the active agent may be present I the spray composition in an amount of about 0.01 wt%, 0.025 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.075 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt%, or about 50 wt%.

[0085] The herbicide may be a commercially available herbicide. The herbicide may include imidazolinone, acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrolein, AKH-7088, alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amidosulfuron, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, BAS 620H, BAS 654 OOH, BAY FOE 5043, benazolin, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzofenap, bifenox, bilanafos, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, butachlor, butamifos, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlormethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chloridazon, chlorimuron-ethyl, chloroacetic acid, chlorotoluron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, cloransulam-methyl, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop-methyl, difenzoquat metilsulfate, diflufenican, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethipin, dimethylarsinic acid, dinitramine, dinocap, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethofumesate, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenuron, ferrous sulfate, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluchloralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, flurtamone, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fosamine, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, glyphosinate, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, HC-252, hexazinone, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr,24101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023imazosuluron, imidazilinone, indanofan, ioxynil, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, metamitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron, methylarsonic acid, methyldymron, methyl isothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid, norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxyfluorfen, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pendimethalin, pentachlorophenol, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrazolynate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyributicarb, pyridate, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, rimsulfuron, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, sodium chlorate, STS system (sulfonylurea), sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, sulfuric acid, tar oils, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, trietazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron-methyl, vernolate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the herbicide may include a group 14 or group 15 herbicide, such as pyroxasulfone and fluthiacet-methyl (sold as Anthem Maxx®).

[0086] The fungicide may include carbamate fungicides such as 3,3'-ethylenebis(tetrahydro-4,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione), zinc or manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate), bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)disulfide, zinc propylenebis(dithiocarbamate, bis(dimethyldithiocarbamoyl)ethylenediamine, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, 1,2-bis(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene, 1-isopropylcarbamoyl-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)hydantoin, potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N-methyldithiocarbamate, and 5-methyl-10-butoxycarbonylamino-10,11 -dehydrodibenzo (b,f)azepine; pyridine fungicides such as zinc bis(1-hydroxy-2(1H)pyridinethionate) and 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide sodium salt; phosphorus fungicides such as 0,0-diisopropyl S-benzylphosphorothioate and O-ethyl S,S-diphenyldithiophosphate; phthalimide fungicides such as N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)phthalimide and N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-4-methylphthalimide; dicarboxyimide fungicides such as N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxyimide and N-tetrachloroethylthio-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxyimide; oxathine fungicides such as 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-oxathine-3-carboxanilido-4,4-dioxide and 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1 ,4-25101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023oxathine-3-carboxanilide; naphthoquinone fungicides such as 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-oxy-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone copper sulfate; pentachloronitrobenzene; 1 ,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethoxybenzene; 5-methyl-s-triazol(3,4-b)benzthiazole; 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole; 3-hydroxy-5-methylisooxazole; N-2,3-dichlorophenyltetrachlorophthalamic acid; 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1-2,4-thiadiazole; 2,4-dichloro-6-(O-chloroanilino)-1 ,3,5-triazine; 2,3-dicyano-1 ,4-dithioanthraquinone; copper 8-quinolinate, polyoxine; validamycin; cycloheximide; iron methanearsonate; diisopropyl- 1 ,3-dithiolane-2-iridene malonate; 3-allyloxy-1 ,2-benzoisothiazol-1,1 -dioxide; kasugamycin; blasticidin S; 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide; 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyloxazolizine-2, 4-dione; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxyimide; S-n-butyl-5'-para-t-butylbenzyl-N-3-pyridyldithiocarbonylimidate; 4-chlorophenoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H,1,3,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone; methyl-D,L-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(2'-methoxyacetyl)alaninate; N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazol-1-carboxamide; N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide; tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; 2-dimethylamino-4-methyl-5-n-butyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline; 3-methyl-4-chlorobenzthiazol-2-one; 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinoline-2-one; 3'-isopropoxy-2-methylbenzanilide; 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1,3-dioxorane-2-ylmethyl]-1H,1,2,4-triazol; 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one; basic copper chloride; basic copper sulfate; N'-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N,N-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide; ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)thiocarbamate hydrochloride; piomycin; S,S-6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-diyldithiocarbonate; complex of zinc and manneb; di-zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate) ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) and glyphosate; chlorothalonil-based fungicides, strobilurin-based fungicides such as azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin; and triazole-based fungicide such as myclobutanil, propiconazole, tebuconazol, tetraconazole, or any combination thereof.. In some embodiments, the fungicide may be zeolite. In further embodiments, the fungicide may be captan, carboxin, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, imazalil, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, penhlufen, prothioconazole, sedaxane, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, thiram, triadimenol, or any combination thereof.

[0087] The insecticide may include a neonicotinoid. Non-limiting examples of suitable neonicotinoids include abamectin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. In other embodiments, the insecticide may be an organophosphate. Suitable organophosphates include 0,0-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate, O,O-dimethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl]phosphorodithioate, O,O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)thiophosphate, 0,0-dimethyl S — (N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S — (N-methyl-N-26101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023formylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate, 0,0-diethyl S-2-[(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate, O,O-dimethyl-1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethylphosphonate, O,O-diethyl-O-(5-phenyl-3-isooxazolyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(2,5-dichloro-4-bromophenyl)phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-methylmercaptophenyl)thiophosphate, O-ethyl O-p-cyanophenyl phenylphosphorothioate, O,O-dimethyl-S-(1 ,2-dicarboethoxyethyl)phosphorodithioate, 2-chloro-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)vinyldimethyl phosphate, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyldimethyl phosphate, 0,0-dimethyl O-p-cyanophenyl phosphorothioate, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, 0,0-diethyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorothioate, ethyl mercaptophenylacetate 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, S-[(6-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzooxazolinyl)methyl] 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate, 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethylphosphate, 0,0-diethyl O-(3-oxo-2-phenyl-2H-pyridazine-6-yl) phosphorothioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-(1-methyl-2-ethylsulfinyl)-ethyl phosphorothiolate, 0,0-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate, 0,0-diethyl S — (N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorodithioate, 0,0-dimethyl S-[2-methoxy-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-5-(4H)-onyl-(4)-methyl] dithiophosphate, 2-methoxy-4H-1 ,3,2-benzooxaphosphorine 2-sulfide, 0,0-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothiate, O-ethyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl thionobenzene phosphonate, 5-[4,6-diamino-s-triazine-2-yl-methyl] 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate, O-ethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphorothioate, O,S-dimethyl N-acetyl phosphoroamidothioate, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-diethylphosphorothionate, 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-dimethylphosphorothionate, 0,0-diethyl O — N-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl phosphorothioate, O-ethyl S-propyl 0-2,4-dichlorophenyl phosphorodithioate, and cis-3-(dimethoxyphosphinoxy)N-methyl-cis-crotone amide. In additional embodiments, the insecticide may be a carbamate. Non-limiting examples of suitable carbamates include 1 -naphthyl N-methylcarbamate, S-methyl N-[methylcarbamoyloxy]thioacetoimidate, m-tolyl methylcarbamate, 3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate, 3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate, 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranylmethylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate, 1,3-bis(carbamoylthio)-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)propane hydrochloride, and 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidine-4-yl-dimethylcarbamate. In still other embodiments, the insecticide may be chosen from N,N-dimethyl N'-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)formamidine hydrochloride, nicotine sulfate, milbemycin, 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiocyclic S,S-dithiocarbonate, 2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenyl dimethylacrylate, 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl) 2,2,2-trichloroethanol, 2-(p-tert-butylphenoxy)isopropyl-2'-chloroethylsulfite, azoxybenzene, di-(p-chlorophenyl)-cyclopropyl carbinol, di[tri(2,2-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl)tin]oxide, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea, and S-tricyclohexyltin 0,0-27101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023diisopropylphosphorodithioate. In certain embodiments, the insecticide may be chlorpyriphos, diazinon, imidacloprid, lindane, permethrin, tefluthrin, orthiamethoxam.

[0088] The nematicide may include 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, abamectin, benomyl, carvacrol, carbofuran, carbosulfan, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl, sulfoxaml, tirpate, cloethocarb, dazomet, metam, fluensulfone, trifluenfuronate, allyl isothiocyanate, carbon disulfide, chloropicrin, cyanogen, (RS)-1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, bis(2-chloro-1 -methylethyl) ether, phosphamidon, cadusafos, dimethoate, ethoprophos, isamidofos, phorate, terbufos, isazofos, thionazin, triazophos, dichlofenthion, fensulfothion, heterophos, phosphocarb, mecarphon, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, fosthietan, imicyafos, diamidafos, xylenols, acetoprole, cyclobutrifluram, fluopyram, fluazaindolizine, sodium tetrathiocarbonate, benclothiaz, furfural, galquin, tioxazafen, or any combination thereof.

[0089] The biopesticide may include Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Beauveria spp., Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocaldium virens, Pythium oligandrum, Verticillium dahlia, Ampelomyces quisqualis, Bacillus subtilis (including Bacillus subtilis QST 713, Bacillus subtilis GB03, and Bacillus subtilis MBI 600), Serratia entomophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas fumosoroseus, Bacillus thuringiensis (including subspecies Kurstaki and subspecies israelensis), Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, and any combination thereof.

[0090] Plant growth regulators are natural or synthetic substances that influence plant growth and development. The plant-growth regulator may include auxins (e.g., indole acetic acid, indole propionic acid, indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid, and the like), gibberellins (e.g., gibberellin A1 (GA1), gibberellic acid (GA3), GA4, GA7, ent-gibberellane, ent-kaurene, and so forth), cytokinins (e.g., kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzylaminopurine, diphenylurea, thidiazuron, and the like), abscisic acid, ethylene, or combinations thereof.

[0091] The fertilizer may include nitrogen (N) fertilizers, phosphate (P) fertilizers, potassium (K) fertilizers, NP fertilizers, NK fertilizers, PK fertilizers, and NPK fertilizers. In certain embodiments, the fertilizer may contain one or more secondary macronutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and / or sulfur. For example, suitable fertilizers include mono- or dibasic ammonium phosphates, their calcium and magnesium salts, ammonium nitrates, and mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the fertilizer may also contain one or more micronutrients. In further embodiments, the fertilizer may be synthetic or commercial. In other embodiments, the fertilizer may be organic and contain plant and / or animal derived organic matter.28101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0092] The micronutrients may include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, cobalt, silicon, vanadium, or combinations thereof.

[0093] In some embodiments, the spray composition may include one or more additives including preservatives, emulsifying agents, a pH modifier, adjuvants, extenders, essential oils, plant oils, lipids, or combinations thereof.

[0094] The preservative may include antioxidants (such as, e.g., alpha-tocopherol, ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, citric acid, dihydroguaretic acid, potassium ascorbate, potassium sorbate, propylgallate, sodium bisulfate, sodium isoascorbate, sodium metabisulfate, sorbic acid, 4-chloro-2,6-ditertiarybutylphenol, and so forth), antimicrobials (such as, e.g., benzyl alcohol, cetylpryidine chloride, glycerine, parabens, propylene glycol, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, sodium propionate, and the like), or combinations thereof.

[0095] The emulsifying agents may include guar gum, carrageenan, polysorbates, agar agar, xanthan gum, gum arabic, and other emulsifying agents or combinations thereof.

[0096] The pH modifier adjusts the pH of the spray composition. The pH modifier may be an organic acid, an organic base, an inorganic acid, an inorganic base, a buffer, or a water conditioner. The pH of spray composition may be from about 4.5 to about 9.5, such as from about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9.5, about 5.5 to about 9.5, about 6.5 to about 9.5, about 7.5 to about 9.5, about 8.5 to about 9.5, about 5.5 to about 8.5, or about 6.5 to about 7.5.

[0097] The extenders may include nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide, urease inhibitors, poly-coated urea, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide, N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide, or combinations thereof.

[0098] The pH adjusters may include a strong base, a strong acid, an organic base, an organic acid, or one or more buffers to adjust the pH of the wettable powder.

[0099] The essential oils may include agar oil, ajwain oil, amyris oil, angelica root oil, anise oil, armoise oil, asafoetida oil, attar, balsam of Peru, basil oil, bay leaf oil, beeswax absolute, bergamot oil, birch oil, bitter almond oil, black pepper oil, buchu oil, calamodin oil, calamus oil, camphor oil, cannabis flower essential oil, caraway seed oil, cardamom seed oil, carrot seed oil, cedar oil, chamomile oil, cinnamon oil, citron oil, citronella oil, clary sage oil, clove oil, coconut oil, coffee oil, coriander oil, costmary oil, costus root oil, cranberry seed oil, cubeb oil, cumin seed oil, curry leaf oil, cypress oil, cypriol oil, davana oil, dill oil, douglas fir oil, elecampane oil, elemi oil,29101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023eucalyptus oil, fennel seed oil, fenugreek oil, fir oil, frankincense oil, galangal oil, galbanum oil, garlic oil, ginger oil, goldenrod oil, grapefruit oil, helichrysum oil, hickory nut oil, horseradish oil, hyssop, jasmine oil, juniper berry oil, lavender oil, Ledum, lemon oil, lime oil, linalool, mandarin oil, marjoram oil, manuka oil, melissa oil, mint oil, moringa oil, mustard oil, myrrh oil, neem oil, neroli oil, nutmet oil, orange oil, oregano oil, orris oil, parsley oil, perilla oil, peppermint oil, pine oil, rose oil, rosehip oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil,

[0100] The lipids may include phospholipids, oils, or fats. The phospholipid include a lecithin, such as a lecithin derived from soy, sunflower, corn, peanuts, grains, or eggs. The oils may include vegetable oils, such as, for example, include soy oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, or sunflower oil, or fish oils, such as, for example, anchovy oil, herring oil, krill oil, mackerel oil, salmon oil, or sardine oil. The fats may include animals fats such as beef tallow, pork fat, lamb fat, chicken fat, butterfat, and the like. Preferably, the wettable powder does not contain any lipid; i.e., the wettable powder is free of a lipid.

[0101] The spray composition may further include one or more tank mix adjuvants. Tank mix adjuvants are added to the spray composition to further boost the efficacy of the active ingredient. Tank mix adjuvants may include nonionic surfactants, surfactant plus nitrogen source combinations, organo-silicone surfactants, high surfactant oil concentrates, crop oil concentrates, vegetable oil concentrates, nitrogen sources, deposition (drift control) and / or retention agents, compatibility agents, buffering agents, acidifiers, water conditioning agents, basic blends, spreader-stickers, extenders, foliar fertilizer, antifoam agents, foam markers, scents, tank cleaners, neutralizers, or any combination thereof.IV. Method for Treating Plants

[0102] Provided herein are methods for treating a plant by forming a spray composition by combining a carrier, an active ingredient, and a wettable powder, wherein the wettable powder includes a hydrolyzed plant-based protein, and applying the spray composition to the surface of a plant. The wettable powder may be any composition as described in Section I above. The spray composition may be any spray composition described in Section III above. As used herein, “treating a plant” refers to the application of one or more substances to a plant to promote its health, growth, and protection. This includes applying pesticides to control unwanted vegetation and other organisms, providing nutrients to support the growth and health of the plant, and combinations thereof.30101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0103] Forming the spray composition may be accomplished in a vessel. The vessel may include a tank or other apparatus suitable for holding a liquid. In some embodiments, the vessel may include a mixing apparatus, such as an impeller or agitator, to mix the contents of the spray composition.

[0104] The method may further include emptying the vessel. The vessel may be emptied by pumping the contents of the vessel (i.e., the spray composition) out of the vessel. Once the vessel is emptied, the vessel may be rinsed to remove any residual spray composition that may have adhered to the wall of the vessel. Preferably, the vessel is rinsed with the carrier used in the spray composition. Because the wettable powder remains in suspension, greater than 99% of the spray composition may be removed from the vessel.

[0105] The spray composition may be applied to the plant such that the amount of wettable powder in the spray composition is applied at a rate from about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 10 pounds per acre. For example, the wettable powder in the spray composition may be applied to the plant at a rate from about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 0.05 pounds per acre, about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 0.1 pounds per acre, about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 0.5 pounds per acre, about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 1 pound per acre, about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 5 pounds per acre, about 0.01 pounds per acre to about 10 pounds per acre, about 0.05 pounds per acre to about 10 pounds per acre, about 0.1 pounds per acre to about 10 pounds per acre, about 0.5 pounds per acre to about 10 pounds per acre, about 1 pound per acre to about 10 pounds per acre, about 5 pounds per acre to about 10 pounds per acre, about 0.05 pounds per acre to about 1 pound per acre, or about 0.05 pounds per acre to about 0.5 pounds per acre. As another example, the wettable powder in the spray composition may be applied to the plant at a rate of about 0.01 pounds per acre, 0.02 pounds per acre, 0.03 pounds per acre, 0.04 pounds per acre, 0.05 pounds per acre, 0.06 pounds per acre, 0.07 pounds per acre, 0.08 pounds per acre, 0.09 pounds per acre, 0.1 pounds per acre, 0.2 pounds per acre, 0.3 pounds per acre, 0.4 pounds per acre, 0.5 pounds per acre, 0.6 pounds per acre, 0.7 pounds per acre, 0.8 pounds per acre, 0.9 pounds per acre, 1 pound per acre, 2 pounds per acre, 3 pounds per acre, 4 pounds per acre, 5 pounds per acre, 6 pounds per acre, 7 pounds per acre, 8 pounds per acre, 9 pounds per acre, or about 10 pounds per acre.

[0106] Treating the plants using the spray compositions described herein may increase the uptake of the active agent in the plant. Stated another way, by applying the spray composition described herein to the surface of a plant, the active agent in the spray composition may be more31101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023readily absorbed by the plant Therefore, treating the plants using the spray compositions described herein may increase the effectiveness of the active agent.

[0107] For example, in some embodiments, when the active agent in the spray composition is a pesticide, applying the spray composition described herein to the surface of a plant may improve the kill rate of the pesticide. As used herein, the kill rate refers to the rate at which the pesticide kills the target pest. For example, if the pesticide is an herbicide, the kill rate refers to the rate at which the herbicide kills the target herb (e.g., a weed). In some embodiments, treating the plant with a spray composition as described herein may kill the target pest up to about 10% faster as compared to treating the plant with a spray composition that does not include the wettable powder.

[0108] Treating the plants using the spray compositions described herein may also increase the total yield of the plant when the plant is a crop. Because the spray composition may increase the effectiveness of the active agent in the spray composition, the crop may have increased resistance to pests or the kill rate of the pests may be increased so as to not impede the growth of the crop. In some embodiments, treating the plants using the spray compositions described herein may increase the total yield of the plant by up to about 5%, up to about 10%, up to about 15%, up to about 20%, up to about 25%, up to about 30%, up to about 35%, up to about 40%, up to about 45%, or up to about 50% as compared to treating a plant using a spray composition that does not include the wettable powder.ExamplesExample 1

[0109] A wettable hydrolyzed soy protein powder, a wettable hydrolyzed algae protein powder, and an isolated soy protein powder were made. 28 g of each powder was dissolved in 400 g of water (7% dry solids loading) and mixed using an immersion blender. The wettable hydrolyzed soy protein powder was suspended in the water after 6 seconds of mixing using the immersion blender. The wettable hydrolyzed algae protein powder was suspended in the water after 38 seconds of mixing using the immersion blender. The isolated soy protein powder was suspended in the water after 90 seconds of mixing using the immersion blender. In separate vessels, suspensions having 10% dry solids loading were prepared. Due to the higher solids loading, the time for the powders to go into suspension increased.32101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023

[0110] After the powders were suspended, each of the vessels containing the suspensions were emptied and rinsed. About 100% of the contents of the vessel containing the suspended wettable hydrolyzed soy protein powder were removed. About 97% of the contents of the vessel containing the suspended wettable hydrolyzed algae protein powder were removed. About 98% of the contents of the vessel containing the suspended isolated soy protein powderwere removed. Example 2

[0111] A spray composition including a wettable hydrolyzed soy protein powder and a Group 15 herbicide (Anthem) was sprayed on water hemp plants in an area known for having herbicidal resistance. The wettable powder in the spray composition was included to be applied at a rate of 2 ounces per acre. The Group 15 herbicide was applied at a rate of 10.25 ounces per acre. A photograph of the water hemp before application of the spry composition is shown in FIG. 2A. As shown in FIG. 2B, the water hemp showed yellowing at the growing point and leaf edges within 7 hours of application of the herbicide. As shown in FIG. 3, the water hemp showed that plants were wilting at 23.25 hours after application. As shown in FIGs. 4A-4B, some plants showed that the spray composition was accumulating in the growing point at 23.25 hours and 25 hours after application. As shown in FIG. 5A, some water hemp plants showed growing point accumulation 25 hours after application. As shown in FIG. 5B, some water hemp plants showed growing point death 25 hours after application. Moreover, the application of the herbicide worked past the label-specified effective usage on mature plants.33101773466.5

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023ClaimsWhat is claimed is:

1. A composition comprising a hydrolyzed protein, wherein the composition is in the form of a wettable powder having a wettability of 2 minutes or less, with the proviso that the composition does not include a lipid.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzed protein comprises a hydrolyzed plant-based protein.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the hydrolyzed plant-based protein includes soy protein.

4. The composition of claim 2, wherein the hydrolyzed plant-based protein includes algae protein.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzed protein comprises a hydrolyzed animal-based protein.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzed protein has an average particle size from about 50 microns to about 150 microns.

7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a bulk density from about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL.

8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a wettability of 1.5 minutes or less.

9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a wettability of 1 minute or less.

10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a wettability of 30 seconds or less.

11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a wettability of 15 seconds or less.

12. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an active agent.

13. The composition of claim 2, wherein the active agent includes an herbicide.

14. A suspension composition comprising a carrier and the composition of claim 1.34101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-0002315. The suspension composition of claim 14, wherein the slurry composition has a dry solids content from about 7 wt% to about 10 wt%.

16. The suspension composition of claim 14, further comprising an active ingredient.

17. The suspension composition of claim 16, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a pesticide, a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, and any combination thereof.

18. The suspension composition of claim 14, wherein the carrier comprises water.

19. A method for treating a plant, the method comprising:forming a spray composition by combining a carrier, an active ingredient, and a wettable powder, wherein the wettable powder includes a hydrolyzed plant-based protein, wherein the wettable powder has a wettability of 2 minutes or less; andapplying the spray composition to the surface of the plant.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the plant is an agricultural crop.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of a pesticide, a plant growth regulator, a fertilizer, and any combination thereof.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the forming step is accomplished in a vessel.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising emptying the suspension from the vessel and rinsing the vessel with the carrier, whereby greater than 99% of the spray composition is emptied from the vessel.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the plant is a crop, and applying the suspension to the surface of the plant improves the yield of the crop.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein the method improves uptake of the active ingredient in the plant.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the active ingredient is an herbicide, and wherein the method improves the kill rate of the herbicide.

27. A method for making a wettable powder, the method comprising:spray drying a hydrolyzed protein; and35101773466.5Attorney Docket No.: 78766-00023agglomerating the spray-dried hydrolyzed protein to form the wettable powder.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising hydrolyzing a plant-based protein to form the hydrolyzed plant-based protein prior to the spray drying.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the agglomerating is accomplished via wet granulation.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the agglomerating is accomplished via a fluidized bed dryer.

31. A composition comprising a hydrolyzed protein, wherein the composition is in the form of a wettable powder having a wettability of 2 minutes or less, wherein the composition has a moisture content of 6% or less.

32. The composition of claim 31 , wherein the composition has a moisture content from 4% to 6%.

33. A composition comprising a hydrolyzed protein, wherein the composition is in the form of a wettable powder having a wettability of 2 minutes or less, wherein the composition has an average particle size from about 50 microns to about 150 microns, and wherein the composition has a bulk density from about 0.05 g / mL to about 0.5 g / mL.36101773466.5

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