Device-to-reader midamble patterns
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/084627
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025084627_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICE-TO-READER MIDAMBLE PATTERNSFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with device-to-reader midamble patterns. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which also may be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.
[0003] Ambient IoT devices may be low-complexity devices or terminals, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, tags, or sensors, among other examples. In some examples, ambient IoT devices may transmit data interspersed with midambles to a reader. The reader may use the midambles to perform synchronization or estimation for decoding of the data. However, how to intersperse the midambles in the data has not been defined. As a result, the reader may be unable to correctly decode midambles transmitted by the ambient IoT devices. Thus, midambles may be unavailable to assist with synchronization or estimation operations, which may hinder data transmission success rates.SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at an ambient internet of things (IoT) device. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. At least one processor of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the ambient IoT device to receive a reader-to-device (R2D) message. At least one processor of the one or more processors may be configured to transmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more device-to-reader (D2R) midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless communication device. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. At least one processor of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the wireless communication device to transmit an R2D message. At least one processor of the one or more processors may be configured to cause the wireless communication device to receive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed at an ambient IoT device. The method may include receiving an R2D message. The method may include transmitting, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed at a wireless communication device. The method may include transmitting an R2D message. The method may include receiving, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving an R2D message. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an R2D message. The apparatus may include means for receiving, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. The set of instructions may include one or more instructions that, when executed at an ambient IoT device, cause the ambient IoT device to receive an R2D message. The set of instructions may include one or more instructions that, when executed at the ambient IoT device, cause the ambient IoT device to transmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. The set of instructions may include one or more instructions that, when executed at a wireless communication device, cause the wireless communication device to transmit an R2D message. The set of instructions may include one or more instructions that, when executed at the wireless communication device, cause the wireless communication device to receive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, network node, wireless communication device, or processing system as substantially described in the Detailed Description with reference to, and as illustrated by, the accompanying drawings. Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network.
[0015] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating examples associated with different types of ambient internet of things (IoT) devices.
[0016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with backscatter communications.
[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of device-to-reader (D2R) preamble, midamble, or postamble patterns, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with signaling for D2R midamble patterns.
[0019] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with D2R midamble patterns.
[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating examples associated with a reader-to-device (R2D) message that indicates information relating to D2R midamble patterns.
[0021] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating examples associated with D2R block-level repetition.
[0022] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, at an ambient IoT device or an apparatus of an ambient IoT device that supports D2R midamble patterns.
[0023] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a wireless communication device or an apparatus of a wireless communication device that supports D2R midamble patterns.
[0024] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, such as an ambient IoT device, that supports D2R midamble patterns.
[0025] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, such as a reader, that supports D2R midamble patterns.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Ambient internet of things (IoT) devices may communicate with a reader, such as a user equipment (UE) or a network node, among other examples. In some examples, an ambient IoT device may communicate with a reader using ambient signaling (for example, incident radio frequency (RF) sources) received from a reader. For example, the ambient IoT device may backscatter an incident signal, such as a carrier wave (CW) , to send data to the reader. Additionally or alternatively, the ambient IoT device may generate and transmit a signal to the reader without using a CW. Messages transmitted from an ambient IoT device to a reader may be referred to as device-to-reader (D2R) messages, and messages transmitted from a reader to an ambient IoT device may be referred to as reader-to-device (R2D) messages. D2R messages may be transmitted over a physical D2R channel (PDRCH) , and R2D messages may be transmitted over a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) .
[0027] Ambient IoT signaling (such as PDRCH communications or PRDCH communications) may include one or more preambles, midambles, or postambles. In this context, preambles are signals that occur at a beginning of an ambient IoT signal, midambles are signals that occur during an ambient IoT signal, and postambles are signals that occur at an end of an ambient IoT signal. In some examples, an ambient IoT device may transmit one or more preambles, midambles, or postambles to a reader. In some examples, the preambles may be D2R preambles, and the midambles and postambles may be D2R midambles. For example, an ambient IoT device may use a D2R midamble as a postamble transmitting the D2R midamble at an end of a PDRCH transmission (however, the D2R midamble may not indicate the conclusion of the PDRCH transmission) . D2R preamble design may support one or more of timing acquisition, sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation, time tracking, or channel estimation, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, D2R midamble design may support SFO estimation, time tracking, or channel estimation, among other examples.
[0028] In some examples, a reader may implicitly or explicitly indicate D2R scheduling information relating to D2R midambles via a corresponding PRDCH. In some examples, the reader may implicitly or explicitly indicate other D2R scheduling information via the corresponding PRDCH, such as D2R scheduling information relating to time domain resources, frequency domain resources, modulation-and-coding-scheme-like information, chip duration, one or more identifiers associated with one or more ambient IoT devices, or repetitions (for example, block-level repetition may be supported for D2R repetition) , among other examples.
[0029] The ambient IoT device may transmit one or more of a D2R preamble, one or more D2R midambles, or a D2R postamble using the D2R scheduling information and in accordance with various D2R transmission options. In a first D2R transmission option, the ambient IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble without any D2R midambles or D2R postambles. In a second D2R transmission option, the ambient IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble with one or more D2R midambles. In a third D2R transmission option, the ambient IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble with a D2R postamble. In a fourth D2R transmission option, the ambient IoT device may transmit a D2R preamble with one or more D2R midambles and a D2R postamble. In some examples, a condition may control whether or not a D2R midamble is present. Additionally or alternatively, an indication may be provided as to whether or not the D2R midamble is present.
[0030] The D2R midambles may be transmitted in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, which may define one or more transmission parameters (such as format, length, or density, among other examples) of at least the D2R midambles. However, there is ambiguity regarding which D2R midamble pattern the ambient IoT device is to use to transmit one or more D2R midambles. This ambiguity in D2R midamble patterns prevents an ambient IoT device from transmitting D2R midambles that the reader can use (for example, use for SFO tracking, timing tracking, or channel estimation, among other examples) . For example, if an ambient IoT device were to transmit a D2R message that includes one or more D2R midambles in a given arrangement, and the reader is unaware of the given arrangement, then the reader may be unable to identify where in the D2R message the D2R midamble (s) are located, and, thus, may be unable decode the D2R message. As a result, this ambiguity may cause D2R transmission failures and increase a quantity of D2R retransmissions, which may lead to increased power consumption or excessive consumption of time or frequency resources, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, there is ambiguity regarding what kind of information may be signaled for D2R midamble transmission and regarding the conditions under which the ambient IoT device should transmit a D2R midamble, which can further hinder SFO tracking, timing tracking, or channel estimation. For example, if an ambient IoT device were to attempt to indicate information related to the D2R midamble transmission, and the reader is unaware of the information that can be indicated by the ambient IoT device, then the reader may be unable to correctly decode or interpret the information that the ambient IoT device is attempting to convey. Additionally or alternatively, if an ambient IoT device were to identify a presence of one or more D2R midamble transmission conditions and transmit a D2R message that includes one or more D2R midambles, and the reader is unaware of the D2R midamble transmission condition (s) , then the reader may not expect the D2R message to include the D2R midamble (s) , and, thus, may be unable decode the D2R message.
[0031] Various aspects relate generally to coordination of D2R midamble patterns. Some aspects more specifically relate to D2R midambles transmitting in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern that is known by both an ambient IoT device and a reader. In some aspects, the reader may signal information relating to the D2R midamble pattern, and the ambient IoT device may use the information to identify the D2R midamble pattern. For example, the information may include a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a quantity of D2R midambles, a mechanism for calculating time resources of the D2R midambles, a quantity of coded bits, a fixed time gap, or a fixed quantity of symbols between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble or between consecutive D2R midambles, a D2R midamble pattern index, a format of D2R midambles, a length of D2R midambles, or a selection of a D2R midamble pattern, among other examples. In some aspects, the ambient IoT device may transmit the D2R midambles in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied. For example, the conditions may include a time gap between an R2D message and a D2R message satisfying a time gap threshold, a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold, a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold, a transmission duration of a D2R message satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of a D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold, or a measured SFO satisfying a SFO threshold, among other examples.
[0032] In some aspects, the D2R midamble pattern may be a first D2R midamble pattern in which the D2R midambles are equally distributed throughout a D2R payload. In some examples, the ambient IoT device may identify the locations of the D2R midamble based on a quantity of bits of the D2R payload and a total quantity of D2R midambles. One or more of the quantity of bits of the D2R payload or the total quantity of D2R midambles may be predefined or dynamically indicated by the reader.
[0033] In some aspects, the D2R midamble pattern may be a second D2R midamble pattern in which the locations of the D2R midambles and the D2R payload are predefined. For example, the locations of the D2R midambles and the D2R payload may be predefined in a wireless communication standard. The ambient IoT device may identify the locations of the D2R midambles and the D2R payload using a scheduled quantity of bits of the D2R payload, a chip duration of a D2R message, or a coding rate of the D2R message, among other examples.
[0034] In some aspects, the D2R midamble pattern may be a third D2R midamble pattern that is mapped to an index. For example, the reader may signal the index to the ambient IoT device, which may use the index to identify the D2R midamble pattern.
[0035] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the described techniques can be used to resolve ambiguity regarding which D2R midamble pattern the ambient IoT device is to use to transmit the one or more D2R midambles. For example, because the reader and the ambient IoT device may both be aware of a given arrangement of D2R midambles within a D2R message, the reader may identify one or more locations of the D2R midamble (s) in the D2R message, and, thus, may successfully decode the D2R message. Additionally or alternatively, the reader may be aware of which information related to D2R midamble transmission can be indicated by the ambient IoT device, and, thus, the reader may correctly decode or interpret information conveyed by the ambient IoT device. Additionally or alternatively, the reader may be aware of the conditions under which the ambient IoT device transmits D2R midamble (s) , and, thus, may be able to decode the D2R message depending on whether or not the condition (s) are present. Thus, the ambient IoT device may transmit the D2R midambles in a manner consistent with the expectations of the reader. As a result, the reader may use the D2R midambles for SFO tracking, timing tracking, or channel estimation, among other examples. This use of the D2R midamble (s) may, in turn, reduce a likelihood of D2R transmission failures and D2R retransmissions, leading to lower power consumption and more efficient use of time and frequency resources.
[0036] Equally distributing the D2R midambles throughout the D2R payload may help to reduce a complexity of the design or implementation of the D2R midamble pattern, thereby reducing the memory and processing resource consumption. Additionally or alternatively, the equal distribution may help to enhance an accuracy of one or more of SFO estimation, timing tracking, or channel estimation.
[0037] Predefining the locations of the D2R midambles and the D2R payload may help to avoid explicit signaling of the D2R midamble pattern, thereby reducing signaling overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the second D2R midamble pattern may increase flexibility in terms of placement of the one or more D2R midambles because the predefined locations need not necessarily be equally distributed.
[0038] Mapping the D2R midamble pattern to an index may help to further improve efficiency of time and frequency resource usage. For example, the reader may dynamically change D2R midamble patterns by signaling an index in accordance with a change in channel conditions, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, the third D2R midamble pattern may increase flexibility in terms of placement of the D2R midambles because the third D2R midamble pattern need not necessarily include equally distributed D2R midambles.
[0039] 5G New Radio (NR) may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples. To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0040] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0041] The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0042] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110. For example, in Figure 1, the wireless communication network 100 includes multiple network nodes 110, including a network node 110a, a network node 110b, and a network node 110c (each of which also may be referred to herein simply as a “network node 110” ) . The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120. For example, in Figure 1, the network nodes 110 support communication with a UE 120a, a UE 120b, and a UE 120c (each of which also may be referred to herein simply as a “UE 120” ) . In some examples, a UE 120 also may communicate with other UEs 120 and a network node 110 also may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 110.
[0043] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various licensed or unlicensed operating bands, frequency ranges, component carriers, or channels that define associated frequencies available for communications. In some examples, each of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 may communicate using one or multiple component carriers in one or more operating bands or ranges. Typically, various operating bands are defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles.
[0044] A network node 110 or a UE 120 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. As shown in Figure 1, each UE 120 includes a processing system 140 and each network node 110 includes a processing system 145. A processing system (for example, the processing system 140 or the processing system 145) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0045] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media, such as random-access memory, or read-only memory, or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors. One or more of the memories may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) (for example, which may referred to as “one or more code-storing memories” or “code-storing memory circuitry” ) . For example, “code-storing memory” or “code-storing memory circuitry” refers to memory (or memory circuitry) that is configured to store processor-executable code or instructions. The processor-executable code or instructions, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors (or processing circuitry) to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0046] The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 or the processing system 145 may include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 140 and the processing system 145 also may include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 140 or the processing system 145 may include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 140 or by the processing system 145) .
[0047] A network node 110 and a UE 120 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 110 and UEs 120 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device, such as the network node 110 and the UE 120.
[0048] A network node 110 may be, may include, or also may be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may include a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0049] Alternatively, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node 110 (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 110 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0050] The disaggregated network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A CU can communicate with a core network either directly (for example, via a backhaul link) or indirectly (for example, via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC) . A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. A CU may communicate with one or more DUs via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs may communicate with one or more RUs via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs.
[0051] In some examples, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment (for example, an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform) . An SMO framework may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements.
[0052] In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of various types. Different types of network nodes 110 may generally operate on the same or different operating bands, transmit at different power levels, or serve different coverage areas, each of which may be referred to as or associated with a particular cell 130 (for example, a cell 130a and a cell 130b) .
[0053] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or also may be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, a client device, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , an artificially intelligent robot or other device implementing artificial intelligence, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device or function that may communicate in the wireless communication network 100.
[0054] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may be associated with relatively low complexity or cost such as NB-IoT devices or eMTC UEs. UEs 120 in a second category may include higher complexity or cost devices, such as mission-critical IoT devices, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity or capabilities (for example, capabilities between that of the UEs 120 of the first category and the UEs 120 of the second category) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples.
[0055] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0056] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 120) or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 or specific requirements of one or more UEs 120. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 120 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell.
[0057] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 110 to a UE 120. DCI generally contains the information the UE 120 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot format indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0058] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 110) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0059] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 110 to a UE 120, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 110 or UE 120 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 110 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 120 or may transmit, to the UE 120, an indication of an MCS to be applied for an uplink signal.
[0060] A network node 110 or a UE 120 (such as by using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 110 or the UE 120 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 110 or the UE 120 (for example, using the processing system 145 or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 110a or the UE 120a may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 110a may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 120a. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 110a or the UE 120a may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0061] The network node 110a or the UE 120a may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 110a or the UE 120a (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 110 or the UE 120 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 110a or the UE 120a (for example, using the processing system 145 or the processing system 140, respectively, or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, or an FEC operation) to detect errors or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0062] In some examples, a UE 120 and a network node 110 may perform MIMO communication. MIMO communication generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. A network node 110 or a UE 120 may communicate using single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , the latter of which being used by a network node 110 to simultaneously transmit signals to multiple UEs 120. MIMO techniques may involve spatial multiplexing (multi-layer transmission) or beamforming. To implement beamforming, the amplitudes or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams. For example, a network node 110 may generate one or more beams 160a, and a UE 120 may generate one or more beams 160b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with such a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, or a vertical direction) , or a set of parameters or resources associated with one or more aspects of a directional signal, among other examples.
[0063] In some examples, a network node 110 or a UE 120 may implement massive MIMO, which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 110 or at the UE 120, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology, which enables more precise beamforming or reduced interference. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0064] The network node 110 and the UE 120 may establish a communication link or beam pair, and otherwise increase reliability, throughput, signal strength, or other signal properties for MIMO communications, by performing beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, a beam refinement operation, or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 110 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 160 of the network node 110) and the UE 120 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 160 of the UE 120) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 120 and the network node 110. A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 120 or the network node 110) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 110 or the UE 120) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified or defined via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples.
[0065] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 165 (for example, one or more network nodes 110, one or more UEs 120, one or more servers, or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples) . For example, in a deployment in which AI / ML functionality is performed independently at a device 165, sometimes referred to as “overlay AI / ML, ” the AI / ML model (or an instance or portion of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at a UE 120 (for example, by the processing system 140) , a network node 110 (for example, by the processing system 145) , one or more servers, or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, in a deployment where AI / ML functionality is coordinated between different devices 165, sometimes referred to as “coordinated AI / ML, ” or performed at all device and network layers, sometimes referred to as “native AI / ML, ” the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices 165 (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110) . In other examples of coordinated AI / ML or native AI / ML, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 120 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 110. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 100 (for example, to increase privacy, reliability, or efficient use of network bandwidth, or to reduce latency, among other examples) . For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 100, a device, or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0066] Accordingly, in some examples, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI-as-a-Service (for example, an end-to-end AI / ML service via a user plane) for use cases, such as a self-organizing network (SON) , minimization of drive test (MDT) , quality of experience (QoE) , positioning, sensing, predictive mobility, or traffic prediction, among other examples. In some examples, AI-as-a-Service use cases may include measurement collection reporting by a UE 120, device selection criteria (for example, according to a geographical area where measurements are to be collected or UE capabilities to be used to collected measurements) , or reporting configurations (for example, reporting parameters such as location, time, or sensor information, among other examples) . Additionally or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI / ML procedures (for example, RAN-triggered service establishment, configuration, inferencing using UE-side or network-side models, performance monitoring or management, or capability signaling, among other examples) . Additionally or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable RAN-based AI / ML services via one or more application program interfaces (APIs) or management interfaces for use cases, such as beam management, radio resource monitoring (RRM) relaxation, mobility prediction, load prediction, network energy savings, or coverage and capacity improvements, among other examples) .
[0067] Some IoT devices, such as ambient IoT devices 170a and 170b (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. Ambient IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as NR passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate a reflecting radio signal from an RF source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as semi-passive IoT devices. At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as active IoT devices. An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. Ambient IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of ambient IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, ambient IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.
[0068] An ambient IoT device 170 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. For example, an ambient IoT device 170 may include one or more chips, SoCs, chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. As shown in Figure 1, each ambient IoT device 170 includes a processing system 175 that includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units, processing blocks, ASICs, PLDs, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein.
[0069] The processing system 175 may include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media, such as random-access memory, or read-only memory, or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors. One or more of the memories may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) (for example, which may referred to as “one or more code-storing memories” or “code-storing memory circuitry” ) . The processor-executable code or instructions, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors (or processing circuitry) to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0070] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 170 may include a communication manager 180. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 180 may receive an R2D message; and transmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 180 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0071] In some aspects, a wireless communication device (for example, a reader, such as the network node 110 or the UE 120) may include a communication manager 150 or 155. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 or 155 may transmit an R2D message; and receive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 or 155 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0072] The network node 110, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, the ambient IoT device 170, the processing system 175 of the ambient IoT device 170, or any other component (s) of Figure 1 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with D2R midamble patterns, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 145 of the network node 110, the processing system 140 of the UE 120, or the processing system 175 of the ambient IoT device 170 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Figure 9, process 1000 of Figure 10, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . Memory of the network node 110 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 110. In some examples, the memory of the network node 110 may store data relating to a UE 120, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 120 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 120, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 120 or the memory of the network node 110 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 145 or the processing system 140) of the network node 110, or the UE 120, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 900 of Figure 9, process 1000 of Figure 10, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0073] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 170 includes means for receiving an R2D message; or means for transmitting, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. In some aspects, the means for the ambient IoT device 170 to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 180, processing system 175, a radio, an energy harvester, an energy storage, a reception component (for example, reception component 1102 depicted and described in connection with Figure 11) , or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1104 depicted and described in connection with Figure 11) , among other examples.
[0074] In some aspects, the wireless communication device includes means for transmitting an R2D message; or means for receiving, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. In some aspects, the means for the wireless communication device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 155, processing system 145, communication manager 150, processing system 140, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1202 depicted and described in connection with Figure 12) , or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 12-4 depicted and described in connection with Figure 12) , among other examples.
[0075] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating examples 200, 210, and 220 associated with different types of ambient IoT devices 170.
[0076] Example 200 illustrates components of a passive ambient IoT device. As shown, passive ambient IoT devices may include a passive radio 230. For example, the passive radio 230 may be configured to backscatter a carrier wave (CW) .
[0077] Example 210 illustrates components of a semi-passive ambient IoT device. As shown, semi-passive ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 240, an energy storage 250, or a low-complexity semi-passive radio 260. For example, the low-complexity semi-passive radio 260 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 240, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 250, or backscatter a CW.
[0078] Example 220 illustrates components of an active ambient IoT device. As shown, active ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 240, an energy storage 250, or a low-complexity (for example, low-cost) active radio 270. For example, the low-complexity active radio 270 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 240, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 250, or backscatter a CW.
[0079] Ambient IoT devices may be categorized into at least three types of devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. Device 1 type ambient IoT devices may include at least some passive or semi-passive devices. A device 1 type ambient IoT device may have approximately 1 μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, use an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm (for example, where X can be any suitable value) , and communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs.
[0080] Device 2a type ambient IoT devices may include at least some semi-passive devices, and device 2b type ambient IoT devices may include active devices. Both device 2a and device 2b type ambient IoT devices may have less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, and use an initial SFO up to 10X ppm. A device 2a type ambient IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs. A device 2b type ambient IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by internally generating the uplink transmission.
[0081] In some examples, device 1, device 2a, or device 2b type ambient IoT devices that are located indoors may support a maximum distance of 10-50 m, a range which may be sub-selected. In Topology 1 (for example, in which an ambient IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with one or more network nodes 110) and in Topology 2 (for example, in which an ambient IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the ambient IoT device and a network node 110) , device 1, device 2a, or device 2b type ambient IoT devices may not support RRC states, mobility (for example, cell-selection / re-selection-like functionality) , automatic repeat request (ARQ) , or hybrid ARQ (HARQ) .
[0082] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 associated with backscatter communications.
[0083] Some wireless communication devices may be considered IoT devices, such as ambient IoT devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , or similar IoT devices. In ambient IoT, a terminal (for example, an RFID device, a tag, or a similar device) may not include a battery, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, wireless networks may utilize a type of ambient IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device. ”
[0084] As shown in Figure 3, a backscatter device 305 (for example, a tag or a sensor, among other examples) , which may be one example of an ambient IoT device such as a passive, semi-passive, or active ambient IoT device described with regard to Figure 2, may employ a simplified hardware design (for example, including a power splitter, an energy harvester, and a microcontroller) that does not include a battery, such that the backscatter device 305 relies on energy harvesting for power, and that does not include a radio wave generation circuit, such that the backscatter device 305 is capable of transmitting information only by reflecting a radio wave. More particularly, the backscatter device 305 communicates with a reader 308 (for example, a UE 120, a network node 110, or another network device) by modulating a reflecting radio signal from an RF source 310 (for example, a network node 110, a UE 120, or another network device) . In some examples, the RF source 310 and the reader 308 may be the same device or may be co-located. For example, in some instances, the reader 308 and the RF source 310 may be associated with the same network node 110.
[0085] To facilitate communication of the backscatter device 305, the RF source 310 may transmit an energy harvesting wave to the backscatter device 305. The energy harvesting wave may be transmitted for a sufficient duration in order to enable a communication phase for a target range between the reader 308 and the backscatter device 305. Additionally or alternatively, in some instances, a range between the RF source 310 and the backscatter device 305 may be limited by a minimum received power for triggering energy harvesting at the backscatter device 305, such as -20 decibel milliwatts (dBm) .
[0086] Once energy is sufficiently accumulated at the backscatter device 305, the backscatter device 305 may begin to reflect the radio wave that is radiated onto the backscatter device 305 via a backscatter link (or “backward link” ) 315. For example, the RF source 310 may initiate a communication session (sometimes referred to as a query-response communication) with a query, which may be a modulating envelope of a CW. The backscatter device 305 may respond by backscattering of the CW. The communication session may include multiple rounds, such as for purposes of contention resolution when multiple backscatter devices respond to a query. A channel between the RF source 310 and the backscatter device 305 of the backscatter link 315 may be associated with a first backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a first backscatter link channel coefficient or a first backscatter link gain value) , hBD. As described below, the backscatter device 305 may have reflection-on periods and reflection-off periods that follow a pattern that is based at least in part on the transmission of information bits by the backscatter device 305. The reader 308 may detect the reflection pattern of the backscatter device 305 and obtain the backscatter communication information via the backscatter link 315. A channel between the reader 308 and the backscatter device 305 of the backscatter link 315 may be associated with a second backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a second backscatter link channel coefficient or a second backscatter link channel gain value) , hDU. In addition, the RF source 310 and the reader 308 may communicate (for example, reference signals or data signals) via a direct link 320. A channel between the RF source 310 and the reader 308 of the direct link 320 may be associated with a direct link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a direct link channel coefficient or a direct link channel gain value) , hBU.
[0087] The backscatter device 305 may use an information modulation scheme, such as amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation or on-off keying (OOK) modulation. For ASK or OOK modulation, the backscatter device 305 may switch on reflection when transmitting an information bit “1” and switch off reflection when transmitting an information bit “0. ” In backscatter communication, the RF source 310 may transmit a radio wave (for example, a reference signal or a data signal, such as a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ) , which may be denoted as x (n) . The reader 308 may receive this radio wave, x (n) , directly from the RF source 310 via the direct link 320, as well as from the backscatter device 305 modulating and reflecting the radio wave to the reader 308 via the backward link 315. The signal received at the reader 308 via the direct link 320, indicated by reference number 325, is the product of the radio wave transmitted by the RF source 310, x (n) , multiplied by the direct link channel response value, hBU, plus any signal noise. The information bits signal of the backscatter device 305 may be denoted as s (n) where s (n) ∈ {0, 1} . Accordingly, the signal received at the reader 308 via the backward link 315, indicated by reference number 330, is the product of the signal transmitted by the RF source 310, x (n) , multiplied by the first backward link channel response value, hBD, the second backward link channel response value, hDU, the information bits signal from the backscatter device 305, s (n) , and a reflection coefficient associated with the backscatter device 305 plus any noise.
[0088] The resulting signal received at the reader 308, which is the superposition of the signal received via the direct link 320 and the signal received via the backscatter link 315, may be denoted as y (n) . This signal, y (n) , is shown by reference number 335. As shown, when s (n) =0 (indicated by reference number 340 in the plot shown at reference number 330) , the backscatter device 305 may switch off reflection, and thus the reader 308 receives only the direct link 320 signal. When s (n) =1 (indicated by reference number 345 in the plot shown at reference number 330) , the backscatter device 305 may switch on reflection, and thus the reader 308 receives a superposition of both the direct link 320 signal and the backscatter link 315 signal. To receive the information bits transmitted by the backscatter device 305, the reader 308 may first decode x (n) based at least in part on the direct link channel response value of hBU (n) by treating the backscatter link 315 signal as interference. The reader 308 may then detect the existence of the signal component.
[0089] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of D2R preamble, midamble, or postamble patterns (referred to herein as “D2R x-amble patterns” ) 410, 420, 430, and 440, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0090] The D2R x-amble pattern 410 includes a preamble, first D2R data, a midamble, and second D2R data. The D2R x-amble pattern 420 includes a preamble, first D2R data, a midamble, and second D2R data that persists for a shorter length of time than the second D2R data in the D2R x-amble pattern 410. The D2R x-amble pattern 430 includes a preamble, D2R data, and a postamble. The D2R x-amble pattern 440 includes a preamble, D2R data that persists for a shorter length of time than the D2R data in the D2R x-amble pattern 430, and a postamble.
[0091] In each of the D2R x-amble patterns 410, 420, 430, and 440, the preamble and the midamble or postamble are separated by a fixed time gap or quantity of symbols 450. The fixed time gap or quantity of symbols 450 may be a fixed time gap (for example, 0.1 ms, 0.2 ms, or 0.4 ms, among other examples) in that the midamble or postamble may be located (for example, inserted at) the fixed time gap from the D2R preamble. For example, the fixed time gap may be between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles. The fixed time gap or quantity of symbols 450 may be a fixed quantity of symbols (for example, 40 bits, 50 bits, 100 chips, or 100 square waves, among other examples) in that the midamble or postamble may be located (for example, inserted at) the fixed quantity of symbols from the D2R preamble. For example, the fixed quantity of symbols may be between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles. The fixed time gap may be identical regardless of the bit rate or chip rate of the D2R transmission conforming to the D2R x-amble patterns 410, 420, 430, or 440, whereas the fixed quantity of symbols may be identical for a given bit rate or chip rate of D2R transmission (for example, for the fixed quantity of symbols, different bit rates or chip rates may result in different time gaps between the preamble and the midamble or postamble) .
[0092] Table 1 below compares bit rates before encoding with bit rates after encoding for D2R midamble or postamble patterns that use the fixed time gap or quantity of symbols 450. In the example of Table 1, the encoding is improved by a factor of 4. Table 1
[0093] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 associated with signaling for D2R midamble patterns. As shown in Figure 5, a reader 510 and an ambient IoT device 520 (such as the ambient IoT device 170 or the backscatter device 305, among other examples) may communicate with one another.
[0094] In a first operation 530, the reader 510 may transmit, and the ambient IoT device 520 may receive, an R2D message. The R2D message may prompt the ambient IoT device 520 to transmit a D2R message that includes one or more D2R midambles. In some examples, the R2D message may include a request or command for ambient IoT data, such as sensor readings or status information, among other examples. In some examples, the R2D message may be associated with ambient IoT access. In some examples, the R2D message may include one or more ambient IoT configuration parameters (for example, configuration parameters relating to time or frequency resources for communication, power levels of the ambient IoT device 520, or modulation schemes, among other examples) . In some examples, the R2D message may indicate information relating to a D2R midamble pattern that dictates how the one or more D2R midambles are to be transmitted.
[0095] In a second operation 540, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern. The D2R midamble pattern refers to an arrangement of D2R midambles within a D2R message, and may be defined using one or more D2R midamble transmission parameters (such as how many of the one or more D2R midambles to transmit, or when to transmit the one or more D2R midambles within a D2R message, among other examples) . For example, the ambient IoT device 520 may insert the D2R midamble (s) into the D2R message. The arrangement of the D2R midambles within the D2R message may vary depending on communication parameters, one or more capabilities of the reader 510, or one or more capabilities of the ambient IoT device 520, among other examples. In some examples, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles responsive to the R2D message. As used herein, the term “responsive to” refers to an occurrence of a responsive operation as a result of, or in reaction to, a preceding operation. The responsive operation may take place at any point in time following the preceding operation. For example, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles immediately after receiving the R2D message, shortly thereafter, or after a significant delay, depending on communication parameters, one or more capabilities of the reader 510, or one or more capabilities of the ambient IoT device 520, among other examples. In some examples, the D2R message may include ambient IoT data (such as sensor readings or status information, among other examples) requested by the R2D message. In some examples, the D2R message may, like the R2D message, be associated with ambient IoT access. In some examples, the D2R message may correspond to one or more ambient IoT configuration parameters indicated by the R2D message.
[0096] In some examples, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied. For example, the one or more conditions may dictate whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 is to transmit the one or more D2R midambles. As explained in greater detail below, the one or more conditions may include a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message satisfying a time gap threshold, a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold, a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold, a transmission duration of a D2R message satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of a D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold, or a measured SFO satisfying a SFO threshold, among other examples. In some examples, if the R2D message does not indicate information relating to the D2R preamble pattern, then the ambient IoT device 520 may identify whether or how to transmit the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with the one or more conditions. In some examples, if the R2D message does not indicate information relating to the D2R preamble pattern, then the ambient IoT device 520 may not be permitted to transmit the one or more D2R midambles.
[0097] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a time gap threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on a duration of the time gap between the R2D message and the corresponding D2R message. For instance, if the time gap exceeds the time gap threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles. In some examples, the time gap threshold may be predefined or dynamically indicated via an R2D link (for example, in the R2D message) .
[0098] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on a duration of the time gap between the consecutive D2R transmissions. For instance, if the time gap exceeds the time gap threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles. In some examples, the time gap threshold may be predefined or dynamically indicated via an R2D link (for example, in the R2D message) .
[0099] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on a range of the frequency guard band. For instance, if the frequency guard band is less than the frequency guard band threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles. In some examples, the time gap threshold may be predefined or dynamically indicated via an R2D link (for example, in the R2D message) . The frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions may be “consecutive” in a frequency domain, and may be transmitted simultaneously.
[0100] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with one or more conditions relating to a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles. In some examples, the one or more conditions may include a transmission duration of a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a transmission duration threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on the transmission duration satisfying the transmission duration threshold. For instance, if the transmission duration exceeds the transmission duration threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles (for example, the ambient IoT device 520 may add the one or more D2R midambles to the D2R message) . The one or more conditions may include the transmission duration satisfying the transmission duration threshold in examples involving D2R x-amble patterns where the preamble and the midamble or postamble are separated by a fixed time gap, as discussed above in connection with Figure 4. In some examples, the one or more conditions may include a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on the quantity of symbols satisfying the symbol quantity threshold. For instance, if the quantity of symbols exceeds the symbol quantity threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles (for example, the ambient IoT device 520 may add the one or more D2R midambles to the D2R message) . The one or more conditions may include the quantity of symbols satisfying the symbol quantity threshold in examples involving D2R x-amble patterns where the preamble and the midamble or postamble are separated by a fixed quantity of symbols, as discussed above in connection with Figure 4. The symbol quantity threshold may be the same as or different from the transmission duration threshold. In some examples, the one or more conditions may include a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on the payload size satisfying the payload size threshold. For instance, if the payload size exceeds the payload size threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles (for example, the ambient IoT device 520 may add the one or more D2R midambles to the D2R message) .
[0101] In some aspects, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a measured SFO satisfying a SFO threshold. In some examples, the one or more conditions may include the measured SFO satisfying the SFO threshold. For example, whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 transmits one or more D2R midambles may depend on the measured SFO satisfying the SFO threshold. For instance, if the measured SFO exceeds the SFO threshold, then the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit the one or more D2R midambles (for example, the ambient IoT device 520 may add the one or more D2R midambles to the D2R message) . In some examples, the ambient IoT device 520 may indicate whether or not the one or more D2R midambles have been added to the D2R message.
[0102] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with D2R midamble patterns 610, 620, and 630.
[0103] In some aspects, a D2R midamble pattern may be a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources. A D2R midamble time resource may be allocated for a D2R midamble. For example, the one or more D2R midambles may be a plurality of D2R midambles that are carried in the D2R midamble time resource. The D2R midamble time resources may be “uniformly spaced” in that the D2R midamble time resources may be equally distributed throughout the D2R message (for example, throughout a D2R payload) . For example, the D2R midamble time resources (or sets of D2R midamble time resources) may be separated from each other by the same time gap.
[0104] In some aspects, the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources may be associated with a quantity of bits of a D2R payload and a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles. The quantity of bits (for example, indicated TBS-like information) may be a quantity of coded bits of the D2R payload or a quantity of information bits of the D2R payload. The plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources may be associated with the quantity of bits and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles in that the ambient IoT device 520 may identify the location (in a time domain) of the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources using the quantity of bits and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles. In a first time domain location identification mechanism, the location of an ith D2R midamble may be i For example, if the size of the D2R payload is N bits and the total quantity of D2R midambles is 2, then the ambient IoT device 520 may add a D2R midamble after every N / 2 bits (in some examples, a D2R midamble may located at the end of a PDRCH communication) . In a second time domain location identification mechanism, the location of an ith D2R midamble may be i For example, if the size of the D2R payload is N bits and the total quantity of D2R midambles is 2, then the ambient IoT device 520 may add a D2R midamble after the first and second N / 3 bits. In some examples, the location of an ith D2R midamble may be predefined or dynamically indicated via an R2D link (for example, in the R2D message) . In examples where the location of the ith D2R midamble is dynamically indicated, a single bit may indicate the time domain location identification mechanism (for example, whether the location of the ith D2R midamble is i or i ) . As shown in example 600, the ambient IoT device 520 adds a D2R midamble after every N / 2 bits of D2R data. As shown in example 610, the ambient IoT device 520 adds a D2R midamble after every N / 2 bits of D2R data, where N in example 610 is less than N in example 600. As shown in example 620, the ambient IoT device 520 adds a D2R midamble after the first and second N / 3 bits.
[0105] In some aspects, the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources may be associated with a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles. The plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources may be associated with the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits in that the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources may be located in a time domain according to the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits. In some examples, the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits may be predefined or dynamically indicated via an R2D link. For example, the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits may be predefined according to a mapping between the payload size of the D2R message and the quantity of the one or more D2R midambles in the D2R midamble pattern. Additionally or alternatively, the reader 510 may dynamically indicate one of the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits in an R2D message using a single value. In some examples, the first quantity of coded bits and the second quantity of coded bits may be equal to each other.
[0106] In some aspects, the D2R midamble pattern may be a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources. For example, one or more locations in the time domain of the one or more D2R midambles may be predefined. Additionally or alternatively, a location in the time domain of a payload of the D2R message may be predefined. For example, the ambient IoT device 520 may identify the location (s) of the one or more D2R midambles using scheduled TBS-like information, a chip duration, or a coding rate indicated in R2D control information.
[0107] In some aspects, the D2R midamble pattern may be a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. The third D2R midamble pattern may be associated with the D2R midamble pattern index in that the D2R midamble pattern index may correspond or map to the third D2R midamble pattern. For example, the D2R midamble pattern index may identify the third D2R midamble pattern.
[0108] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating examples 700, 710, and 720 associated with an R2D message that indicates information relating to D2R midamble patterns. In some examples, the R2D message may schedule a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles.
[0109] In some aspects, the R2D message may be an R2D control message. The R2D control message may be a dedicated R2D message that carries control information. For example, the control information may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. In some examples, the information conveyed by the R2D control message may apply to the D2R message that conforms to the D2R midamble pattern. For instance, example 700 shows an R2D message that includes an R2D preamble, an R2D control message, and R2D data. The R2D control message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. Example 700 further shows a D2R message that conforms to the D2R midamble pattern. For example, the D2R message includes a D2R preamble, D2R data, and D2R midambles arranged in accordance with the D2R midamble pattern as indicated by the R2D control message.
[0110] In some examples, the R2D message may be transmitted as part of an ambient IoT access procedure. As part of the ambient IoT access procedure, the reader 510 may transmit, and the ambient IoT device 520 may receive, an R2D access trigger message that initiates the ambient IoT access procedure. The R2D access trigger message may be an inventory trigger message, a command message, an ambient IoT paging message or signal, or a query message, among other examples. In some examples, the R2D access trigger message may be referred to as a message 0 (Msg-0) or a paging message, among other examples. As part of the ambient IoT access procedure, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, a D2R access message that includes an identifier (for example, a random identifier) of the ambient IoT device 520. In some examples, the ambient IoT access message may be referred to as a message 1 (Msg-1) , among other examples. As part of the ambient IoT access procedure, the reader 510 may transmit, and the ambient IoT device 520 may receive, an R2D access response message that includes the identifier of the ambient IoT device 520 (for example, the reader 510 may echo the identifier received in the ambient IoT access message) . In some examples, the R2D access response message may be referred to as a message 2 (Msg-2) , among other examples. As part of the ambient IoT access procedure, the ambient IoT device 520 may transmit, and the reader 510 may receive, a D2R access response message that includes the identifier of the ambient IoT device 520, an acknowledgment, or D2R data (for example, upper-layer data in cases involving an upper-layer request) , among other examples. In some examples, the D2R access response message may be referred to as a message 3 (Msg-3) , among other examples.
[0111] In some aspects, the R2D message may be an R2D access trigger message (for example, a Msg-0) associated with a D2R access message (for example, a Msg-1) and a D2R access response message (for example, a Msg-3) . For example, the R2D access trigger message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. The R2D access trigger message may be associated with the D2R access message and the D2R access response message in that the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern carried in the R2D access trigger message may apply to the D2R access message and the D2R access response message (for example, the D2R access message and the D2R access response message may include the one or more D2R midambles) . Additionally or alternatively, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern carried in the R2D access trigger message may apply to a D2R message that is transmitted after the D2R access response message. For instance, example 710 shows an R2D message that includes an R2D preamble and an R2D access trigger message. The R2D access trigger message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. Example 710 further shows a D2R access message and a D2R access response message that conform to the D2R midamble pattern. For example, the D2R access message and the D2R access response message may include a D2R preamble, D2R data, and one or more D2R midambles arranged in accordance with the D2R midamble pattern as indicated by the R2D access trigger message.
[0112] In some aspects, the R2D message may be an R2D access trigger message (for example, Msg-0) associated with a D2R access message (for example, Msg-1) , or the R2D message may be an R2D access response message (for example, Msg-2) associated with a D2R access response message (for example, Msg-3) . In some examples, the R2D access trigger message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. The R2D access trigger message may be associated with the D2R access message in that the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern carried in the R2D access trigger message may apply to the D2R access message (for example, the D2R access message may include the one or more D2R midambles) . In some examples, the R2D access response message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. The R2D access response message may be associated with the D2R access response message in that the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern carried in the R2D access response message may apply to the D2R access response message (for example, the D2R access response message may include the one or more D2R midambles) . For instance, example 720 shows an R2D message that includes an R2D preamble and an R2D access trigger message. The R2D access trigger message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. Example 720 further shows a D2R access message that conforms to the D2R midamble pattern. For example, the D2R access message may include a D2R preamble, D2R data, and a D2R midamble arranged in accordance with the D2R midamble pattern as indicated by the R2D access trigger message. Example 720 further shows an R2D message that includes an R2D preamble and an R2D access response message. The R2D access response message may include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern. Example 720 further shows a D2R access response message that conforms to the D2R midamble pattern. For example, the D2R access response message may include a D2R preamble, D2R data, and D2R midambles arranged in accordance with the D2R midamble pattern as indicated by the R2D access response message.
[0113] In some aspects, the R2D message may indicate one or more of a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or a time domain location identification mechanism associated with the one or more D2R midambles. For example, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated by the R2D message may include one or more of the quantity of bits of the D2R payload, the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or the time domain location identification mechanism. The R2D message may indicate one or more of the quantity of bits of the D2R payload, the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or the time domain location identification mechanism in examples where the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with the quantity of bits of the D2R payload and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, as discussed above, as discussed above in connection with Figure 6. For example, the quantity of bits of the D2R payload may be TBS-like information as discussed above, as discussed above in connection with Figure 6. Additionally or alternatively, the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles may be a quantity of required D2R midambles. Additionally or alternatively, the time domain location identification mechanism may be the first time domain location identification mechanism or the second time domain location identification mechanism as discussed above in connected with Figure 6. In some examples, the R2D message may indicate the quantity of bits of the D2R payload and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles without the time domain location identification mechanism. In some examples, the R2D message may indicate the quantity of bits of the D2R payload, the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, and the time domain location identification mechanism. For example, a single bit may indicate the time domain location identification mechanism (for example, whether the location of the ith D2R midamble is i or i ) .
[0114] In some aspects, the R2D message may indicate a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles. For example, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated by the R2D message may include the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits. The R2D message may indicate the first quantity of coded bits or the second quantity of coded bits in examples where the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources is associated with the first quantity or the second quantity, as discussed above in connection with Figure 6 (such as in examples where the first quantity or the second quantity are dynamically indicated via an R2D link) . In some examples, the reader 510 may dynamically indicate one of the first quantity or the second quantity in an R2D message using a single value. In some examples, the first quantity and the second quantity may be equal to each other.
[0115] In some aspects, the R2D message may indicate the D2R midamble pattern index. For example, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated by the R2D message may include the D2R midamble pattern index. The R2D message may indicate the D2R midamble pattern index in examples where the D2R midamble pattern is the third D2R midamble pattern, as discussed above in connection with Figure 6.
[0116] In some aspects, the R2D message may indicate one or more of a fixed time gap between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles, or a fixed quantity of symbols between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles. For example, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated by the R2D message may include one or more of the fixed time gap or the fixed quantity of symbols. The fixed time gap or the fixed quantity of symbols may be the fixed time gap or quantity of symbols 450 as discussed above in connection with Figure 4. For example, the D2R midamble pattern may be a D2R x-amble pattern as discussed above in connection with Figure 4.
[0117] In some aspects, the R2D message may indicate one or more of a format of the one or more D2R midambles or a length of the one or more D2R midambles. For example, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated by the R2D message may include one or more of the format of the one or more D2R midambles or the length of the one or more D2R midambles. The format of the one or more D2R midambles may be indicated by a sequence identifier or an initial value, among other examples. The length of the one or more D2R midambles may be a given quantity of bits, such as 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits, or 64 bits, among other examples. In some examples, a base sequence may be introduced for the one or more D2R midambles, and the length of the one or more D2R midambles may increase, which enables a repetition of the base sequence. In such examples, the R2D message may indicate a repetition factor of the one or more D2R midambles (for example, a quantity of repetitions of the base sequence)
[0118] In some aspects, the R2D message may indicate a selection of the D2R midamble pattern from among a plurality of candidate D2R midamble patterns. For example, the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated by the R2D message may include the selection of the D2R midamble pattern. The R2D message may indicate the selection of the D2R midamble pattern in examples where multiple D2R midamble patterns are supported. For example, the candidate D2R midamble patterns may include the first D2R midamble pattern, the second D2R midamble pattern, the third D2R midamble pattern, or the D2R midamble patterns discussed in connection with Figure 4 above, among other examples.
[0119] In some examples, if the R2D message does not include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern, then the ambient IoT device 520 may use the same D2R midamble pattern that was indicated in a previous R2D message, such as a previous D2R access message, a previous D2R access response message, or a most recent D2R transmission. For example, if a R2D access response message does not include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern, then the corresponding D2R access response message may use the same D2R midamble pattern that was indicated by a previous R2D access trigger message. In some examples, if the R2D message does not include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern, then the ambient IoT device 520 may refrain from transmitting the one or more D2R midambles. In some examples, if the R2D message does not include the information relating to the D2R midamble pattern, then the ambient IoT device 520 may use the same D2R midamble pattern that was indicated in a previous R2D message if the one or more conditions are satisfied.
[0120] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating examples 800, 810, and 820 associated with D2R block-level repetition.
[0121] In some aspects, the one or more D2R midambles may be included in a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern may be associated with each block of the plurality of blocks. The plurality of blocks may be associated with D2R block-level repetition in that D2R block-level repetition may be applied to the plurality of blocks. The D2R midamble pattern may be associated with each block of the plurality of blocks in that the D2R midamble pattern may be identified for each block. For example, the D2R midamble pattern may be identified for each block in accordance with one or more conditions that dictate whether or not the ambient IoT device 520 is to transmit the one or more D2R midambles (as discussed above in connection with Figure 6) or information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated in the R2D message (as discussed above in connection with Figure 7) . In some examples, at least one D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles may be attached after each block of the plurality of blocks. For instance, examples 800 and 810 show a D2R message that includes a D2R preamble, D2R data, and D2R midambles. In example 800, at least two segments of the D2R data have a fixed time gap or quantity of symbols, as discussed above in connection with Figure 4. In example 810, each segment of the D2R data has k bits (for example, the D2R midamble pattern may be the first D2R midamble pattern, the second D2R midamble pattern, or the third D2R midamble pattern as discussed above in connection with Figure 6) . In examples 800 and 810, the plurality of blocks includes a first block and a second block, each including two segments of D2R data and two D2R midambles. The D2R midambles may be positioned in accordance with the D2R midamble pattern associated with each block of the plurality of blocks.
[0122] In some aspects, the one or more D2R midambles may be included in a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern may be associated with one or more time domain locations of D2R data in accordance with the D2R block-level repetition. The D2R midamble pattern may be associated with the one or more time domain locations in that the D2R midamble pattern may be identified using the one or more time domain locations of D2R data (for example, after the D2R block-level repetition) . In some examples where the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with the quantity of bits of the D2R payload and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, the reader 510 may indicate the quantity of bits of the D2R payload before the D2R block-level repetition and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, and the ambient IoT device 520 may identify one or more time domain locations of the one or more D2R midambles using the quantity of bits, the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, and a repetition factor. For example, the location of the ith midamble may be i (where N is the payload size before the D2R block-level repetition, and R is the repetition factor) , or the location of the ith midamble may be i In some examples where the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with the quantity of bits of the D2R payload and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, the reader 510 may indicate the quantity of bits of the D2R payload after the D2R block-level repetition and the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, and the ambient IoT device 520 may identify one or more time domain locations of the one or more D2R midambles using one or more of the quantity of bits, the total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or the repetition factor. For example, the location of the ith midamble may be i (where M is the payload size after the D2R block-level repetition) , or the location of the ith midamble may be i In some examples, the reader 510 may indicate any other suitable information relating to the D2R midamble pattern indicated in the R2D message, as discussed above in connection with Figure 7. Example 820 shows a D2R message that includes a D2R preamble, D2R data, and D2R midambles. At least two segments of the D2R data have a fixed time gap, quantity of symbols, or quantity of coded bits. In example 820, the plurality of blocks includes a first block and a second block, each including two segments of D2R data and one D2R midamble. Another D2R midamble is located after the second block.
[0123] The one or more D2R midambles being in accordance with the first D2R midamble pattern, the second D2R midamble pattern, or the third D2R midamble pattern may help to resolve ambiguity regarding which D2R midamble pattern the ambient IoT device is to use to transmit the one or more D2R midambles. As a result, the ambient IoT device may transmit the one or more D2R midambles in a manner consistent with the expectations of the reader. As a result, the reader may use the one or more D2R midambles for SFO tracking, timing tracking, or channel estimation, among other examples. This use of the D2R midamble (s) may, in turn, reduce a likelihood of D2R transmission failures and D2R retransmissions, leading to lower power consumption and more efficient use of time and frequency resources.
[0124] The D2R midamble pattern being the first D2R midamble pattern (which includes the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources) may help to reduce a complexity of the design or implementation of the D2R midamble pattern, thereby reducing the memory and processing resource consumption. Additionally or alternatively, the uniform spacing of the D2R midamble time resources may help to enhance an accuracy of one or more of SFO estimation, timing tracking, or channel estimation.
[0125] The D2R midamble pattern being the second D2R midamble pattern (which includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources) may help to avoid explicit signaling of the D2R midamble pattern, thereby reducing signaling overhead. Additionally or alternatively, the second D2R midamble pattern may increase flexibility in terms of placement of the one or more D2R midambles because the predefined D2R midamble time resources need not necessarily be uniformly spaced.
[0126] The D2R midamble pattern being the third D2R midamble pattern (which is associated with a D2R midamble pattern index) may help to further improve efficiency of time and frequency resource usage. For example, the reader may dynamically change D2R midamble patterns by signaling a D2R midamble pattern index in accordance with a change in channel conditions, among other examples. Additionally or alternatively, the third D2R midamble pattern may increase flexibility in terms of placement of the one or more D2R midambles because the third D2R midamble pattern need not necessarily include uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources.
[0127] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, at an ambient IoT device or an apparatus of an ambient IoT device that supports D2R midamble patterns. Example process 900 is an example where the apparatus or the ambient IoT device (for example, ambient IoT device 520) performs operations associated with D2R midamble patterns.
[0128] As shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving an R2D message (block 910) . For example, the ambient IoT device (such as by using communication manager 1106 or reception component 1102, depicted in Figure 11) may receive an R2D message, as described above, such as in connection with operation 530 (Figure 5) .
[0129] As further shown in Figure 9, in some aspects, process 900 may include transmitting, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index (block 920) . For example, the ambient IoT device (such as by using communication manager 1106 or transmission component 1104, depicted in Figure 11) may transmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index, as described above, such as in connection with operation 540 (Figure 5) .
[0130] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0131] In a first additional aspect, the D2R midamble pattern is the first D2R midamble pattern.
[0132] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a quantity of bits of a D2R payload and a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0133] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0134] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the D2R midamble pattern is the second D2R midamble pattern.
[0135] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the D2R midamble pattern is the third D2R midamble pattern.
[0136] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the R2D message is an R2D control message.
[0137] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message and a D2R access response message.
[0138] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message, or the R2D message is an R2D access response message associated with a D2R access response message.
[0139] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the R2D message indicates one or more of a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or a time domain location identification mechanism associated with the one or more D2R midambles.
[0140] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the R2D message indicates a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0141] In an eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the R2D message indicates the D2R midamble pattern index.
[0142] In a twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the R2D message indicates one or more of a fixed time gap between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles, or a fixed quantity of symbols between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles.
[0143] In a thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the R2D message indicates one or more of a format of the one or more D2R midambles or a length of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0144] In a fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the R2D message indicates a selection of the D2R midamble pattern from among a plurality of candidate D2R midamble patterns.
[0145] In a fifteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0146] In a sixteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0147] In a seventeenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold.
[0148] In an eighteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a transmission duration of a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, or a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold.
[0149] In a nineteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a measured SFO satisfying a SFO threshold.
[0150] In a twentieth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with each block of the plurality of blocks.
[0151] In a twenty-first additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with one or more time domain locations of D2R data in accordance with the D2R block-level repetition.
[0152] Although Figure 9 shows example blocks of process 900, in some aspects, process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 9. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
[0153] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a wireless communication device or an apparatus of a wireless communication device that supports D2R midamble patterns. Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the wireless communication device (for example, reader 510) performs operations associated with D2R midamble patterns.
[0154] As shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include transmitting an R2D message (block 1010) . For example, the wireless communication device (such as by using communication manager 1206 or transmission component 1204, depicted in Figure 12) may transmit an R2D message, as described above, such as in connection with operation 530 (Figure 5) .
[0155] As further shown in Figure 10, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index (block 1020) . For example, the wireless communication device (such as by using communication manager 1206 or reception component 1202, depicted in Figure 12) may receive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index, as described above, such as in connection with operation 540 (Figure 5) .
[0156] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0157] In a first additional aspect, the D2R midamble pattern is the first D2R midamble pattern.
[0158] In a second additional aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a quantity of bits of a D2R payload and a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0159] In a third additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0160] In a fourth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the D2R midamble pattern is the second D2R midamble pattern.
[0161] In a fifth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the D2R midamble pattern is the third D2R midamble pattern.
[0162] In a sixth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the R2D message is an R2D control message.
[0163] In a seventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message and a D2R access response message.
[0164] In an eighth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message, or the R2D message is an R2D access response message associated with a D2R access response message.
[0165] In a ninth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the R2D message indicates one or more of a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or a time domain location identification mechanism associated with the one or more D2R midambles.
[0166] In a tenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the R2D message indicates a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0167] In an eleventh additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the R2D message indicates the D2R midamble pattern index.
[0168] In a twelfth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the R2D message indicates one or more of a fixed time gap between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles, or a fixed quantity of symbols between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles.
[0169] In a thirteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the R2D message indicates one or more of a format of the one or more D2R midambles or a length of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0170] In a fourteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the R2D message indicates a selection of the D2R midamble pattern from among a plurality of candidate D2R midamble patterns.
[0171] In a fifteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0172] In a sixteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0173] In a seventeenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold.
[0174] In an eighteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a transmission duration of a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, or a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold.
[0175] In a nineteenth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a measured SFO satisfying a SFO threshold.
[0176] In a twentieth additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with each block of the plurality of blocks.
[0177] In a twenty-first additional aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with one or more time domain locations of D2R data in accordance with the D2R block-level repetition.
[0178] Although Figure 10 shows example blocks of process 1000, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Figure 10. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
[0179] Figure 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication that supports D2R midamble patterns. The apparatus 1100 may be a ambient IoT device, or a ambient IoT device may include the apparatus 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . As shown, the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108 (such as a UE 120, a network node 110, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104. The communication manager 1106 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 175) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 180
[0180] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 5-8. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Figure 9.
[0181] The reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, from the apparatus 1108. The reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100, such as the communication manager 1106. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the reception component 1102 may include one or more components of the ambient IoT device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the ambient IoT device.
[0182] The transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108 in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may include one or more components of the ambient IoT device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the ambient IoT device. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102.
[0183] The communication manager 1106 may receive or may cause the reception component 1102 to receive an R2D message. The communication manager 1106 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1104 to transmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. In some aspects, the communication manager 1106 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 1106.
[0184] The reception component 1102 may receive an R2D message. The transmission component 1104 may transmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0185] The quantity and arrangement of components shown in Figure 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 11.
[0186] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication that supports D2R midamble patterns. The apparatus 1200 may be a wireless communication device, or a wireless communication device may include the apparatus 1200. In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 includes a reception component 1202, a transmission component 1204, and a communication manager 1206, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses) . As shown, the apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1208 (such as a UE 120, a network node 110, or another wireless communication device) using the reception component 1202 and the transmission component 1204. The communication manager 1206 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 140 or 145) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 is the communication manager 150 or 155.
[0187] In some aspects, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to or operable to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figures 5-8. Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1200 may be configured to or operable to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Figure 10.
[0188] The reception component 1202 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, from the apparatus 1208. The reception component 1202 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1200, such as the communication manager 1206. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the reception component 1202 may include one or more components of the wireless communication device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the wireless communication device.
[0189] The transmission component 1204 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, or data communications, to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 may generate communications and may transmit the generated communications to the transmission component 1204 for transmission to the apparatus 1208. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1208 in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figure 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may include one or more components of the wireless communication device described above in connection with Figure 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the wireless communication device. In some aspects, the transmission component 1204 may be co-located with the reception component 1202.
[0190] The communication manager 1206 may transmit or may cause the transmission component 1204 to transmit a R2D message. The communication manager 1206 may receive or may cause the reception component 1202 to receive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index. In some aspects, the communication manager 1206 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 1206.
[0191] The transmission component 1204 may transmit an R2D message. The reception component 1202 may receive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0192] The quantity and arrangement of components shown in Figure 12 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Figure 12. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Figure 12 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Figure 12 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Figure 12 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 12.
[0193] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0194] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by an ambient internet of things (IoT) device, comprising: receiving a reader-to-device (R2D) message; and transmitting, responsive to the R2D message, one or more device-to-reader (D2R) midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0195] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the first D2R midamble pattern.
[0196] Aspect 3: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a quantity of bits of a D2R payload and a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0197] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 2, wherein the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0198] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the second D2R midamble pattern.
[0199] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the third D2R midamble pattern.
[0200] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the R2D message is an R2D control message.
[0201] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message and a D2R access response message.
[0202] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message, or the R2D message is an R2D access response message associated with a D2R access response message.
[0203] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or a time domain location identification mechanism associated with the one or more D2R midambles.
[0204] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the R2D message indicates a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0205] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the R2D message indicates the D2R midamble pattern index.
[0206] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a fixed time gap between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles, or a fixed quantity of symbols between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles.
[0207] Aspect 14: The method of any of Aspects 1-13, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a format of the one or more D2R midambles or a length of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0208] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the R2D message indicates a selection of the D2R midamble pattern from among a plurality of candidate D2R midamble patterns.
[0209] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 1-15, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0210] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0211] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 1-17, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold.
[0212] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 1-18, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a transmission duration of a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, or a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold.
[0213] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a measured sampling frequency offset (SFO) satisfying a SFO threshold.
[0214] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, wherein the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with each block of the plurality of blocks.
[0215] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with one or more time domain locations of D2R data in accordance with the D2R block-level repetition.
[0216] Aspect 23: A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device, comprising: transmitting a reader-to-device (R2D) message; and receiving, responsive to the R2D message, one or more device-to-reader (D2R) midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.
[0217] Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 23, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the first D2R midamble pattern.
[0218] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a quantity of bits of a D2R payload and a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0219] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 24, wherein the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0220] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 23-26, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the second D2R midamble pattern.
[0221] Aspect 28: The method of any of Aspects 23-27, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the third D2R midamble pattern.
[0222] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 23-28, wherein the R2D message is an R2D control message.
[0223] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 23-29, wherein the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message and a D2R access response message.
[0224] Aspect 31: The method of any of Aspects 23-30, wherein the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message, or the R2D message is an R2D access response message associated with a D2R access response message.
[0225] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 23-31, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or a time domain location identification mechanism associated with the one or more D2R midambles.
[0226] Aspect 33: The method of any of Aspects 23-32, wherein the R2D message indicates a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0227] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 23-33, wherein the R2D message indicates the D2R midamble pattern index.
[0228] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 23-34, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a fixed time gap between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles, or a fixed quantity of symbols between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles.
[0229] Aspect 36: The method of any of Aspects 23-35, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a format of the one or more D2R midambles or a length of the one or more D2R midambles.
[0230] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 23-36, wherein the R2D message indicates a selection of the D2R midamble pattern from among a plurality of candidate D2R midamble patterns.
[0231] Aspect 38: The method of any of Aspects 23-37, wherein receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0232] Aspect 39: The method of any of Aspects 23-38, wherein receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a time gap threshold.
[0233] Aspect 40: The method of any of Aspects 23-39, wherein receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold.
[0234] Aspect 41: The method of any of Aspects 23-40, wherein receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a transmission duration of a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, or a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold.
[0235] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 23-41, wherein receiving the one or more D2R midambles includes receiving the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a measured sampling frequency offset (SFO) satisfying a SFO threshold.
[0236] Aspect 43: The method of any of Aspects 23-42, wherein the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with each block of the plurality of blocks.
[0237] Aspect 44: The method of any of Aspects 23-43, wherein the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with one or more time domain locations of D2R data in accordance with the D2R block-level repetition.
[0238] Aspect 45: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0239] Aspect 46: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0240] Aspect 47: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0241] Aspect 48: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0242] Aspect 49: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0243] Aspect 50: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0244] Aspect 51: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0245] Aspect 52: A device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more code-storing memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0246] Aspect 53: A device comprising a processing system that includes processor circuitry and code-storing memory circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-44.
[0247] It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0248] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” can encompass one or more of a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” can include one or more of calculating, computing, processing, deriving, detecting, estimating, investigating, looking up, inferring, ascertaining, measuring, resolving, selecting, choosing, obtaining, identifying, interpreting, demodulating, decoding, reading, establishing, forming or generating, among other examples. In some such examples, determining can involve a processor performing some type of calculating, computing, deriving, estimating, inferring, ascertaining, resolving, predicting or other processing to obtain one or more numerical values, sets, elements or other information or results. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor identifying, looking up, investigating or otherwise obtaining some type of value, set, element or other information or result from a table, a data structure, a database or other memory device or location. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor identifying, interpreting, demodulating, decoding, detecting, reading or otherwise obtaining some type of value, set, element or other information or result signaled in, for example, a received wireless packet. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor selecting or choosing one or more values, sets, elements or other information or results from a larger set of values, sets elements or other information or results. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor performing a measurement, such as on a received signal.
[0249] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c. Additionally, as used herein, a phrase referring to “a” or “an” element refers to one or more of such elements acting individually or collectively to perform the recited function (s) . Additionally, as used herein, a “set” can refer to one or more items, and a “subset” can refer to a whole set or less than the whole set, but not an empty set. “Set, ” “group, ” and similar terms are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense (such as when referring to a series) and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless otherwise explicitly indicated (for example, if used in conjunction with “either” or “only one of” ) . For example, “Aor B” may include A only, B only, or a combination of A and B. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A also may have B) .
[0250] As used herein, the phrase “associated with” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, the phrase “associated with” is not to be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions, factors, criteria, elements, components, or actions, among other examples. Specifically, unless a phrase refers to “associated with only ‘a, ’ ” or the equivalent in context, whatever it is that is “associated with ‘a, ’ ” may be associated with “a” alone or associated with a combination of “a” and one or more other conditions, factors, criteria, elements, components, or actions, among other examples. In various examples, the phrase “associated with” may be interpreted to mean “in association with, ” “in accordance with, ” “based on, ” “based at least in part on, ” “as a function of, ” “in response to, ” “responsive to, ” or “using” as appropriate in the relevant context unless otherwise explicitly indicated. Furthermore, what follows the phrase “associated with, ” “in association with, ” “in accordance with, ” “based on, ” “based at least in part on, ” “as a function of, ” “in response to, ” “responsive to, ” or “using” is not necessarily the focal point or primary factor associated with the limitation preceding the phrase.
[0251] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0252] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at an ambient internet of things (IoT) device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, at least one processor of the one or more processors configured to cause the ambient IoT device to:receive a reader-to-device (R2D) message; andtransmit, responsive to the R2D message, one or more device-to-reader (D2R) midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the first D2R midamble pattern, and the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a quantity of bits of a D2R payload and a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the D2R midamble pattern is the first D2R midamble pattern, and the plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources are associated with a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the R2D message is an R2D control message.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message and a D2R access response message.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the R2D message is an R2D access trigger message associated with a D2R access message, or the R2D message is an R2D access response message associated with a D2R access response message.7.An apparatus for wireless communication at a wireless communication device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories, at least one processor of the one or more processors configured to cause the wireless communication device to:transmit a reader-to-device (R2D) message; andreceive, responsive to the R2D message, one or more device-to-reader (D2R) midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a quantity of bits of a D2R payload, a total quantity of the one or more D2R midambles, or a time domain location identification mechanism associated with the one or more D2R midambles.9.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the R2D message indicates a first quantity of coded bits between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or a second quantity of coded bits between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles.10.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the R2D message indicates the D2R midamble pattern index.11.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a fixed time gap between a D2R preamble and an initial D2R midamble of the one or more D2R midambles, or between consecutive D2R midambles of the one or more D2R midambles, or a fixed quantity of symbols between the D2R preamble and the initial D2R midamble, or between the consecutive D2R midambles.12.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the R2D message indicates one or more of a format of the one or more D2R midambles or a length of the one or more D2R midambles.13.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the R2D message indicates a selection of the D2R midamble pattern from among a plurality of candidate D2R midamble patterns.14.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor, to cause the wireless communication device to receive the one or more D2R midambles, is configured to cause the wireless communication device to receive the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a time gap between the R2D message and a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a first time gap threshold, a time gap between consecutive D2R transmissions satisfying a second time gap threshold, a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold, a transmission duration of the D2R message satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold, or a measured sampling frequency offset (SFO) satisfying a SFO threshold.15.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with each block of the plurality of blocks.16.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more D2R midambles comprise a plurality of blocks associated with D2R block-level repetition, and the D2R midamble pattern is associated with one or more time domain locations of D2R data in accordance with the D2R block-level repetition.17.A method of wireless communication performed at an ambient internet of things (IoT) device, comprising:receiving a reader-to-device (R2D) message; andtransmitting, responsive to the R2D message, one or more device-to-reader (D2R) midambles in accordance with a D2R midamble pattern, the D2R midamble pattern being a first D2R midamble pattern that includes a plurality of uniformly spaced D2R midamble time resources, a second D2R midamble pattern that includes one or more predefined D2R midamble time resources, or a third D2R midamble pattern associated with a D2R midamble pattern index.18.The method of claim 17, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a frequency guard band between consecutive frequency-division-multiplexed D2R transmissions satisfying a frequency guard band threshold.19.The method of claim 17, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a transmission duration of a D2R message that includes the one or more D2R midambles satisfying a transmission duration threshold, a quantity of symbols of the D2R message satisfying a symbol quantity threshold, or a payload size of the D2R message satisfying a payload size threshold.20.The method of claim 17, wherein transmitting the one or more D2R midambles includes transmitting the one or more D2R midambles in accordance with a measured sampling frequency offset (SFO) satisfying a SFO threshold.