Primary element erosion detection in a flow measurement device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/084747
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure CN2025084747_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PRIMARY ELEMENT EROSION DETECTION IN A FLOW MEASUREMENT DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to measurement of flowrate based upon a pressure drop caused by process fluid moving through an orifice in an orifice plate. More specifically, the present invention relates to errors in flow measurement due to deformation of the orifice in the orifice plate.BACKGROUND
[0002] Field devices, such as process variable transmitters, are used by a number of industries to remotely sense or control a process variable. Such process variables are generally associated with fluids such as slurries, liquids, vapors, gasses, chemicals, pulp, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, food and other fluid processing plants. Process variables may include pressure, temperature, flow, turbidity, density, concentration, chemical compensation and other properties. Other examples of field devices include valves, actuators, heaters and controllers.
[0003] An industrial process fluid flow measurement device generally requires multiple components. For example, one type of process fluid flow transmitter includes a fluid obstruction device disposed in the fluid flow within a conduit. The process flow transmitter then measures a differential pressure before and after the fluid obstruction device, such as an orifice plate, v-cone, or conditioning orifice plate, in the fluid conduit and calculates the mass or volumetric flow of the fluid passing there through. The fluid obstruction device causes a differential pressure to be developed between the upstream and downstream sides of the obstruction, which is related to the flow rate of the fluid. The process variable fluid flow transmitter then conveys the fluid flow information to a process controller, which may be a computer located in a control room, or even another field device mounted in the field.
[0004] During use, the orifice in the orifice plate can deform due to erosion and corrosion. Accurate flow measurement requires a precise geometry of the orifice in the orifice plate. As the orifice deforms, errors can be introduced into the flow measurements. One solution is to disassemble the process piping and manually inspect the orifice. However, this is time consuming and requires the process to be taken offline.SUMMARY
[0005] A flow measurement system with orifice plate diagnostics includes a primary element configured to channel a flow of process fluid and creating a differential pressure between its upstream side and downstream side. A differential pressure transmitter is arranged to measure the differential pressure and responsively provide an output proportional to the flow rate of process fluid. An erosion detector is arranged on a process pipe which detects the wall thickness of the process pipe and responsively provides an output related to process pipe wall thickness change. Diagnostic circuitry receives the output related to process pipe thickness and responsively infers an amount of erosion to the primary element due to flow of process fluid past the primary element.
[0006] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the Background.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram showing a flow measurement system with orifice plate diagnostics for inferring erosion of an orifice plate used to measure flow of process fluid in an industrial process.
[0008] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the orifice plate of FIG. 1 illustrating flow of the process fluid through an orifice of the orifice plate.
[0009] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional enlarged view of a sharp upstream edge of the orifice shown in FIG. 2 as well as erosion which occurs in the sharp upstream edge.
[0010] FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram illustrating the information parameters used to infer erosion of the upstream edge of the orifice plate.
[0011] FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a flow measurement system with orifice plate diagnostics.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0012] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Elements that are identified using the same or similar reference characters refer to the same or similar elements. Some elements may not be shown in each of the figures in order to simplify the illustrations.
[0013] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms, and should not be construed as limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0014] One technique for measuring flow of a process fluid is to measure a pressure drop as the fluid flows through a restriction (orifice) formed in a plate which is placed in the fluid of process fluid through a pipe. Orifice plates used in flow measurement devices typically consist of a thin, flat plate with one or more precisely machined holes, which are known as the orifice. When process fluid flows through the orifice, it experiences a pressure drop. This pressure drop can be correlated to the flow rate using established equations. Orifice plates are relatively inexpensive and widely used in industry due to their simplicity, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. However, for accurate flow measurement, the orifice necessitates a sharp inlet edge, which is susceptible to erosion and corrosion. The loss of sharpness compromises the accuracy of flow measurement, necessitating the replacement of the plate. Presently, the standard practice involves servicing the plate at predetermined time intervals to inspect the sharpness of the orifice edge. This process requires halting process operations, potentially leading to significant manpower and productivity losses. Overly frequent inspection intervals result in unnecessary costs and wasted hours. On the other hand, overly extended inspection intervals risk inaccurate flow measurements.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a process fluid flow measurement system with orifice plate diagnostics 100 in accordance with one example embodiment. Flow measurement system 100 is configured to couple to process piping 102 which carriers a process fluid 104. Process fluid 104 flows through process piping and through flanges 106 which carry an orifice plate 108 therebetween. As discussed below in more detail, orifice plate 108 includes an orifice and is one example of a primary element used in a flow meter. As the process fluid 104 flows through the orifice of the orifice plate 108, a differential pressure is created between the upstream and downstream sides of the orifice plate 108 at orifice flanges 106. A differential pressure transmitter 110 couples to the pressure of the process fluid on both sides of orifice plate 108. The flow rate of the process fluid can be inferred based upon the value of the differential pressure sensed by differential pressure transmitter 110.
[0016] Differential pressure transmitter 110 communicates flow information to another location, such as a central control room, which is illustrated as computer 120. This communication can be, for example, over a two wire process control loop or process control loops implemented using a wireless communication standard.
[0017] The accuracy of the flow measurements obtained based upon the differential pressure measured by differential pressure transmitter 110 is a function of the geometry of the orifice of the orifice plate 108. However, during operation, the orifice can be deformed by erosion and corrosion, in particular the geometry of a leading edge of the orifice can change, which results in inaccuracy in the flow measurement based upon the measured differential pressure.
[0018] FIG. 1 also illustrates a pipe thickness sensor / erosion detector 122 of system 100 which is coupled to process piping 102. Sensor 122 can use any number of different techniques to measure the thickness of the wall of the process pipe 102 and communicate this information to another location, such as a central control room 120 or to transmitter 110. As discussed herein, the measurements provided by sensor 122 are used to infer changes in the geometry of the orifice due to deformation or other degradation of the orifice in the orifice plate 108. This can be used to schedule maintenance, provide an indication of an error or an amount of the error in the measurement, or used to correct for errors in the flow rate measurements. Erosion sensor 122 can be any type of corrosion / erosion sensor. Some sensors include a sacrificial material which is placed in the flow of process fluid. The amount of sacrificial materials are monitored to determine corrosion / erosion within the process. Another technique measures wall thickness using, for example, an ultrasonic signal such as provided by the Rosemount EM Wireless Permasense TM ET210 corrosion / erosion monitoring system available from Permasense Ltd. of Alexandra House, Newton Road, Crawley, West Sussex, RH10 9TT, United Kingdom. Other techniques can also be implemented, including electrical and RF monitoring techniques.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a side cross sectional view of process piping 102 showing flow of process fluid 104 through an orifice 130 of orifice plate 108. The flow lines shown in FIG. 2 illustrate the pressure change in the fluid 104 as it flows through orifice 130. As discussed above, changes in the geometry of the orifice 130 can cause changes in the flow profile and result in errors in flow rate measurements.
[0020] In one aspect, the present invention uses Computational Fluid Dynamics to determine a correlation between the erosion of the sharp edge of an orifice plate and the internal diameter of the process pipe in which the orifice plate is placed. In one configuration, real time pipe erosion measurements are obtained from an erosion monitoring system, such as sensor 122. This information is used by an erosion monitor / diagnostic circuitry to predict the point at which the erosion of the orifice plate's sharp leading edge will create an unacceptably large error in flow measurements. Consequently, a more precise estimation of the orifice plate's service life can be determined, thereby optimizing the time period to inspect or replace the orifice plate. This optimizes, or eliminates, the need to periodically visually inspect the orifice plate. Further, in one aspect, the flow measurements are adjusted based upon the output from the erosion monitor to compensate for changes in the flow profile. This can extend the operational lifespan of the orifice plate before replacement is required.
[0021] In the past, efforts have been made to diagnostically obtain information related to the sharpness of the orifice leading edge. One example is summarized in the technical paper "Diagnostics and Orifice Plates: Experimental Work" by Dr. Michael Reader-Harris, October 2016. This paper examines the use of additional pressure measurements at downstream locations from the orifice plate installation to generate diagnostic information. By combining this additional pressure measurement data with information from two preexisting upstream and downstream pressure measurements, diagnostic information can be derived for a number of different erosion scenarios. A software program was developed, utilizing baseline information from flow calibrations and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, to aid this process.
[0022] While this method has demonstrated that it is possible to predict whether the sharp edge of the orifice plate has been compromised, there are obstacles that make this technique difficult to implement. First, the resolution and sensitivity of this method lacks the precision necessary to accurately forecast when plate servicing is required. Second, the method requires additional pressure taps and sensors for diagnostic purposes. This not only increases installation costs but also introduces additional potential leak points into the piping system. Third, this method complicates the process of locating the flow measurement spot due to the requirement for a long, straight pipe section. Fourth, diagnostics based solely on pressure measurements may be susceptible to other factors that may induce fluctuations in the pressure measurements, such as changes in density and viscosity of the process fluid, the operation of valves and other components within the piping system, or other factors. These factors could all generate false signals for a pressure-only based diagnostic technique.
[0023] With the present invention, a proactive diagnostic system is provided that predicts the degradation of the sharp inlet edge of the orifice plate, to the extent that this degradation could compromise the precision of the flow measurements. The invention is implemented by establishing a correlation between orifice plate edge erosion rate and pipe wall erosion rate where an erosion detector is mounted. This can be through computational fluid dynamic calculations, or through a characterization process in which multiple flow profiles are observed over time while measuring pipe erosion to correlate changes in the orifice geometry to the measured pipe erosion. This correlation can be expressed mathematically, for example, using a polynomial equation. The accuracy of the correlation can be increased by increasing the number of coefficients of the polynomial. A maximum allowable erosion measured by the erosion detector can be determined based on the correlation and a desired accuracy range. For example, based on an industry standard of the edge sharpness requirements of the orifice plate, such as that provided by the ISO-5167-2 standard. An alarm can be set as desired in the measurement system at specific percentages of the maximum allowable erosion thickness, such as 50%, 75%or 90%, to prompt an operator regarding the status of the edge sharpness of the orifice and schedule the next service time accordingly.
[0024] In order to ascertain the relationship between the rate of erosion of the orifice plate edge and the rate of pipe wall erosion, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation methodology can be used. This step requires accurate 3D modeling of the fluid zone around the orifice plate and the erosion detector. The model is meshed with sufficient details around the plate and pipe walls to capture the boundary layer dynamics. The simulation includes accurate process variables such as fluid type, velocity, particulate information, pipe / plate material, and applicable erosion models. The simulation is run and the meshing and control variables are adjusted for accuracy. The simulation is re-run if the result is questionable, until the simulation converges with a satisfactory residual. In post-processing, an area-weighted average function can be used to obtain an erosion rate at the orifice edge as well as at the location of the installation spot of the erosion monitor 122. The ratio between these two values (CE-P) represents the correlation of erosion rate between the edge of the orifice plate and pipe wall. In testing, the CE-P value was seen to range from 50 to 8000 depending on the fluid type and velocity, particulate content and location of the erosion probe.
[0025] In order to calculate the maximum allowable erosion at the erosion detector, the critical condition of the orifice inlet sharpness must first be defined. In one implementation, the ISO 5167-2 standard value can be used. However, this value can be chosen to differ from the standard if the required flow measurement accuracy is more or less than that given by the standard. For accurate flow measurements, the upstream edge must be sharp. For example, an edge radius which is not greater than 0.0004d, where d is the diameter of the orifice in the orifice plate. Figure 3 is a side cross sectional view of an edge 140 in plate 108 which defines the orifice. As illustrated in Figure 3, edge 140 has an original shape, which provides a sharp leading edge 142. Over time, erosion / corrosion cause the edge 140 to have a rounded profile 144 with radius of R. The erosion of the orifice edge does not occur in a uniform manner along the entire edge surface. The below example equation is provided to calculate the critical thickness (signified as tc) as measured at the erosion detector 122. The left term in the equation signifies the volume of material eroded away at the orifice edge 140, and the right term (except for the CE-P term) signifies the volume of material measured as eroded away at the erosion detector 122. These two values are correlated to the CE-P derived from previous step. The r in the equation is the radius of the erosion detector's working radius (assuming a circular area) . For simplicity, in this example, the same material is assumed for both the pipe and the orifice plate. If this is not the case, a density ratio can be added to the equation:
[0026] In this equation, only tc is unknown, therefore:
[0027] This equation not only establishes a relationship between the erosion thickness as measured at the erosion sensor 122 and the orifice plate sharp edge 140, it also provides insight on configurations that improve the resolution of this method. For example, to obtain higher resolution, tc should be increased as much as possible. This means a larger allowable radius, a larger bore, a smaller working area of the erosion sensor, as well as a smaller CE-P ratio would all improve the performance of this method. For example, placing the erosion sensor 122 at locations with higher erosion rate (such as after an elbow) will have the benefit of increasing the accuracy of the determined erosion of edge 140. However, one typical erosion sensor has a resolution of 0.0004 inches. If the calculated tc is smaller than this resolution, the determined erosion of edge 140 may not be accurate.
[0028] A final step is to set alarm values based on the value calculated for tc. This procedure can be executed within an operator’s control infrastructure. The alarm values can be set to different thresholds and used to provide an early warning that the accuracy of the flow measurement is degrading. Upon the determined erosion reaching the predetermined threshold, the operator will receive an alert. This can be conveyed audible, visually, transmitted wirelessly, sent over a two wire process control loop, or through some other means. The alarm can also be generated by equipment in the process control room 120.
[0029] Figure 4 is a block diagram of one example embodiment of the various steps and inputs used to infer erosion of orifice 130 of plate 108.
[0030] The present invention predicts the time at which an orifice plate will need to be replaced due to edge sharpness lost without periodically taking the plate out for inspection. The technique does not require an additional pressure tap. The direct correlation between erosion rates prevents the interference of other process variable changes. The use of an existing erosion sensor enables easy integration with existing monitor and control systems. Furthermore, the adoption of erosion sensors is increasingly prevalent as a means to safeguard and optimize the utilization of the process assets. Consequently, the erosion sensor may already be present at a facility and used for predicting erosion of the orifice edge. In addition to orifice plates, other differential pressure based flow measurement techniques can be monitors. For example, wedge, V-core, and pitot tube based flow meters can be monitored as the erosion of the primary element is difficult to directly measure. Similarly, in a vortex flow meter the bluff body is subject to erosion and can be monitored. These are all examples of primary -elements in a flow meter and the inventions can be used to monitor deformation caused by erosion / corrosion of such elements.
[0031] FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram showing orifice plate diagnostics 200 implemented in flow measurement system 100 in accordance with one example embodiment. System 200 includes a microprocessor 202 coupled to a memory 204, input / output circuity 206 and user I / O 208. Input / output circuitry 206 communicates with erosion sensor 122 and may also include or communicate with a temperature sensor. Further, I / O 206 optionally communicates with a device which provides differential pressure information, such as transmitter 110, related to the flow of process fluid through process piping 102. The circuitry illustrated in FIG. 5 can be implemented within a field device such as differential pressure transmitter 110 or erosion sensor 122. The system can also be implemented in a stand-alone device or may be implemented in circuitry load located in control room 120. Input / output circuitry can also communicate through another location, such as control room 120. The communication provided by I / O circuitry 206 may be in accordance with any technique using wireless technologies including process control loops such as 4-20 mA process control loops or wireless technology based process control loops. Additionally, if elements 122 and 110 are located within the device, or in close proximity, other communication techniques may also be employed.
[0032] In operation, user I / O 208 receives information which is used to correlate the erosion sent by sensor 122 with erosion of the orifice 130 and orifice plate 108. This information can include the type of material that the process pipe 102 is fabricated from, as well as the type of material the orifice plate 108 is fabricated from. This can include the material type of process piping 102 and orifice plate 108 as well as information related to their respective erosion rate for a particular process fluid. Other information can be received including information related to the process fluid such as the type of process fluid, information related to particulates in the process fluid, information which correlates erosion to other factors such as temperature or flow rate of the process fluid, etc. The user I / O can also be used to set alarms which indicate that the orifice plate has eroded to a point which is outside of the desired limits. These can be set as discussed above based upon standards or using other techniques. These parameters can also be submitted to the system 200 using I / O 206. The various parameters and other information can be stored in memory 204 for use by the microprocessor 202 which implements the corrosion / erosion determination.
[0033] During operation, the microprocessor 202 receives erosion information from erosion sensor 122 related to the erosion occurring on the interior surface of process pipe 102. This information is used to estimate the amount of corrosion occurring to the leading edge of the orifice 130 of orifice plate 108. When a predetermined amount of erosion has occurred, an alarm can be sent to an operation using user input / output 208 or input / output circuitry 206. The alarm can provide an indication that the orifice plate has deformed outside of predetermined limits, or such a condition is impending and the orifice plate should be replaced soon. In one configuration, by monitoring the trend of the erosion sensed by erosion sensor 122, microprocessor 202 can make a prediction well in advance of the orifice plate deformation actually falling outside of a specified limit. This can be particularly useful for scheduling replacement of the orifice plate 108 as the process needs to be taken offline for replacement.
[0034] In one configuration, the microprocessor determines flow rate based upon the differential pressures measured by differential pressure transmitter as discussed above. In another example configuration, differential pressure information provided by transmitter 110 can be used to further refine the accuracy of the erosion determination made by microprocessor 202. For example, the differential pressure may be related to a high or low flow rate, which may respectively increase or decrease the erosion rate. Further, in another example configuration, the relationship between the differential pressure provided by transmitter 110 and the flow rate changes as the orifice 130 is deformed. This relationship can be adjusted by microprocessor 102 based upon the determined corrosion to improve the accuracy of a flow measurement and compensate for measurement errors as the orifice 130 degrades due to erosion. This technique can extend the lifetime of an orifice plate 108 before it needs to be ultimately replaced.
[0035] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention infers changes in the geometry of the edge of an orifice in an orifice plates based upon pipe wall thickness measurements. These changes may be due to erosion or corrosion. As used herein, the term “erosion” refers to the process of material removal due to either erosion or corrosion. The determination can be performed at a field device 110 or 120, or at a remote location such as control room 120, or shared between more than one location. In the configuration discussed herein, microprocessor 202 provides a diagnostic circuitry for inferring the amount of corrosion to an orifice plate as discussed herein. However, this diagnostic circuitry can be implemented in other configurations or devices within an industrial process.
Claims
1.A flow measurement system with orifice plate diagnostics, comprising:a primary element configured to receive a flow of process fluid and create a differential pressure between its upstream side and downstream side;a differential pressure transmitter arranged to measure the differential pressure and responsively provide an output related to the flow rate of the process fluid;an erosion detector mounted on a process pipe which receives the flow of process fluid, configured to detect a wall thickness of the process pipe and responsively provide an output related to process pipe wall thickness; anddiagnostic circuitry which receives the output related to process pipe thickness change and responsively infers an amount of erosion to the primary element due to the flow of process fluid.2.The flow measurement system of claim 1 including an input configured to receive information related to the process fluid and diagnostic circuitry infers the amount of erosion based upon the information related to the process fluid.3.The flow measurement system of claim 2 wherein the information is related to corrosive properties of the process fluid.4.The flow measurement system of claim 2 wherein the information is related to particulate content of the process fluid.5.The flow measurement system of claim 1 including an input configured to receive information related to a material used to fabricate the process pipe.6.The flow measurement system of claim 1 including an input configured to receive information related to a material used to fabricate the primary element.7.The flow measurement system of claim 1 including an input configured to receive information related to a relationship between an erosion rate of the primary element and an erosion rate of the process pipe.8.The flow measurement system of claim 1 including an output configured to provide an alarm based upon the inferred amount of erosion.9.The flow measurement system of claim 8 including an input configured to receive information related to an alarm threshold and the alarm output is based upon the alarm threshold.10.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the inferred amount of erosion of the primary element is further based upon the differential pressure.11.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the primary element comprises an orifice plate and the inferred erosion of the orifice plate is related to erosion of a leading edge of the orifice of the orifice plate.12.The flow measurement system of claim 1 including a temperature sensor and wherein the inferred erosion of the primary element is based upon the temperature.13.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the diagnostic circuitry further determines flow rate of the process fluid based upon the differential pressure.14.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the diagnostic circuitry compensates for errors in the determined flow rate based upon the determined erosion.15.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the primary element comprises an orifice plate.16.The flow measurement system of claim 15 wherein the orifice plate includes an orifice and the process fluid flows through the orifice to thereby generate the differential pressure.17.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the erosion detector either wirelessly or through wires communicates the output related to process pipe thickness to the diagnostic circuitry.18.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the diagnostic circuitry is implemented in the differential pressure transmitter.19.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the diagnostic circuitry is implemented at a remote location.20.The flow measurement system of claim 1 wherein the erosion detector comprises an ultrasonic based erosion detector.