Apparatus and methods for sending voice data over the control plane in a mobile network
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085142
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085142_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SENDING VOICE DATA OVER THE CONTROL PLANE IN A MOBILE NETWORKTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of mobile networks, in particular to sending voice data between a user equipment (UE) and the core network (CN) of a mobile network.BACKGROUND
[0002] Figure 1 shows an example of an existing call flow for sending data over non-access stratum (NAS) in a mobile originated (MO) case in a mobile network 100.
[0003] A UE 101 communicates with a RAN entity, in this example an eNodeB 102 of the mobile network 100. The eNodeB 102 forwards the data from the UE 101 to a mobility management entity (MME) 103, which is a CN entity that can further communicate with a serving gateway (SGW) 104 and a packet data network gateway (PGW) 105 via the SGW 104.
[0004] Such a procedure is described in further detail in section 5.3.4B. 1 of 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 23.401. This describes the process of MO data transfer over the control plane (CP) .
[0005] NAS protocol data units (PDUs) are sent using a signaling radio bearer (SRB) of the radio resource control (RRC) layer. The RRC layer does not understand the contents of the NAS PDU. The MME also does not understand the contents. For example, it cannot differentiate whether the data is sensor data or a firmware update. The data exchange between the UE and the MME happens over NAS, whereas the data exchange between the MME and the SGW happens over a S11-U connection.
[0006] Regarding narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) devices in particular, the support of data transfer over the CP is mandatory by default, while the support of user plane (UP) is optional. For data over the CP, the NAS and RRC layer do not verify the nature of the data and hence cannot determine the relevance or priority of data sent over the CP.
[0007] Some examples of NAS messages for the transfer of data are described below with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
[0008] The following fields are part of the NAS messages 200, 300. A protocol discriminator (PD) 201, 301 indicates the type of protocol from which the NAS message originated, such as EMM (evolved packet system (EPS) mobility management) or ESM (EPS session management) . Possible PD values are defined in TS 24.007. A security header type 202, 302 indicates the type of security that has been applied to the message, for example plain NAS message not security protected, integrity protected, integrity protected and ciphered, integrity protected and partially ciphered NAS message. The possible values for this field are defined in 3GPP TS 24.301. The NAS messages also comprise a message authentication code 203, 303 and a sequence number 204, 304.
[0009] Figure 2 shows the content of the control plane service request (CPSR) message 205 based on 3GPP TS 24.301. The CPSR message is sent from idle mode i.e. when the UE transitions from idle mode to connected mode.
[0010] When the UE is already in connected mode, the UE uses the ESM DATA TRANSPORT message 305 to send data. This message 300 is shown in Figure 3. The ESM DATA TRANSPORT message 305 comprises an evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identity or identifier (ID) field 306.
[0011] Currently, the transfer of voice data over the CP for NB-IoT devices is not supported.
[0012] The 3GPP SA2 working group has agreed a new study item (see S2-2502778) that will study solutions for sending data using NB-IoT devices. The study will include the use of CP and user plane (UP) for voice data.
[0013] One of the main requirements for voice service is to be able to provide the necessary quality of service (QoS) for a good service experience. NB-IoT devices, which support CP but may not support UP, will require some differentiated treatment for voice packets.
[0014] The UE and the network are unaware of their capability to send voice data over the CP in a manner which allows for preferential treatment. The lack of differentiated treatment, or QoS, for voice packets can have a very negative impact on the user experience and can render the service unusable.
[0015] The current system does not enable the UE to know if voice data over NB-IoT is supported in the network. If such information is not available, then the UE does not know if it can send voice data over a packet data network (PDN) connection that is established by the NB-IoT device.
[0016] The current system also lacks a way to identify voice packets on the EPS bearer level, where an EPS bearer is identified by means of the EPS bearer ID. For NB-IoT, only a default EPS bearer is allowed, while dedicated EPS bearers are not allowed because the NB-IoT device does not support data radio bearer (DRB) that corresponds to a dedicated EPS bearer. This means all data types will share the same EPS bearer ID as they are sent on the default EPS bearer. Therefore, it may not be possible to provide QoS based on different EPS bearers.
[0017] It is desirable to develop an approach that may overcome at least some of the above issues.SUMMARY
[0018] According to a first aspect, there is provided a user equipment configured to communicate with a core network entity in a mobile network via a control plane, the user equipment being configured to: perform an exchange of capability with the core network entity relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; and in dependence on the exchange of capability, send voice data to the core network entity over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.
[0019] This may allow the user equipment to know if the network supports sending voice data over the control plane. The user equipment and network can then decide to send voice data over non-access stratum when supported.
[0020] The user equipment may be configured to perform the exchange of capability with the core network entity via one or more (other) non-access stratum messages. This may allow the user equipment to know if the network supports sending voice data over the control plane.
[0021] The user equipment may be configured to exchange capability with the core network entity in one or more of an attach request, a tracking area update request, or a packet data network connectivity request message. This may allow the user equipment to inform the core network entity of its capability in an existing message.
[0022] The user equipment may be configured to indicate its capability to the core network according to one or more of the following: an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device (for example, a voice capable narrowband internet of things device) ; an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device (for example, a narrowband internet of things device) capable of data exchange with the core network entity over the control plane; an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device that is not capable of data exchange with the core network entity via the user plane; an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device that is capable of data exchange with the core network entity via the user plane. This may allow the user equipment to inform the core network entity of its capability.
[0023] The user equipment may be configured to indicate its capability to the core network entity for the use of a virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier to identify voice data in the non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity, or to use the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier for exchanging voice data with the core network entity. This may allow the user equipment to mark messages as containing voice data by including the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier in the message.
[0024] The user equipment may be configured to include the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier in the one or more non-access stratum messages to indicate that the one or more non-access stratum messages contain voice data. This may allow the user equipment to mark messages as containing voice data.
[0025] The user equipment may be configured to set up the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier with the core network entity during a packet data network connection, optionally as part of a PDN connectivity procedure which is performed during an attach procedure, or using a dedicated request made by the user equipment in one or more non-access stratum session management messages. This may allow the virtual evolved packet system bearer, and its associated identifier, to be agreed between the user equipment and the core network entity.
[0026] The user equipment may be configured to indicate its capability to the core network entity for the use of priority levels to identify respective data types contained in non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity. This may allow the core network entity to determine which messages contain voice data.
[0027] The user equipment may be configured to indicate its capability to the core network entity for the support of voice data and / or the support of quality of service for voice data. This may allow the user equipment to indicate its capability to the core network entity in this regard.
[0028] The user equipment may be configured to send voice data over the control plane when any of the following occur: the user equipment supports the transfer of voice over non-access stratum or over the control plane; the user equipment is configured to send and / or receive voice over non-access stratum or over the control plane; the user equipment receives an indication from the core network entity that voice data over non-access stratum or over the control plane is supported; the user equipment receives an indication from the core network entity that voice data over non-access stratum or over the control plane is allowed; the user equipment establishes a packet data network connection with a specific Access Point Name value, for example where the APN value may indicate that the service is voice data, optionally via an IMS network. This may allow the user equipment to determine when it can send voice data over the control plane.
[0029] The voice data contained within the one or more non-access stratum messages sent to the core network entity may additionally include internet protocol multimedia signalling related to the setup of a voice call or session. This may allow other relevant data to be included in the message with voice packets.
[0030] According to a second aspect, there is provided a method for implementation at a user equipment configured to communicate with a core network entity in a mobile network via a control plane, the method comprising: performing an exchange of capability with the core network entity relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; and in dependence on the exchange of capability, sending voice data to the core network entity over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.
[0031] This method may allow the user equipment to know if the network supports sending voice data over the control plane. The user equipment and network can then decide to send voice data over non-access stratum when supported.
[0032] The method may comprise any of the further features described herein and above with respect to the first aspect.
[0033] According to a third aspect, there is provided a core network entity in a mobile network configured to communicate with a user equipment via a control plane, the core network entity being configured to: perform an exchange of capability with the user equipment relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; and in dependence on the exchange of capability, receive voice data from the user equipment over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.
[0034] This may allow the core network entity to inform the user equipment that it supports sending voice data over the control plane. The user equipment and network can then decide to send voice data over non-access stratum when supported.
[0035] The core network entity may be configured to perform the exchange of capability with the user equipment via one or more (other) non-access stratum messages. This may allow the user equipment to know if the network supports sending voice data over the control plane.
[0036] The core network entity may be configured to exchange capability with the user equipment in one or more of an attach accept, tracking area update accept, or activate default evolved packet system bearer request message. This may allow the core network entity to inform the user equipment of its capability in an existing message.
[0037] The core network entity may be configured to indicate its capability to the user equipment for the use of a virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier to identify voice data in non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity. This may allow the core network entity to mark messages as containing voice data by including the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier in the message.
[0038] The core network entity may be configured to include the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier in the one or more non-access stratum messages to indicate that the one or more non-access stratum messages contain voice data. This may allow the core network entity to mark messages as containing voice data.
[0039] The core network entity may be configured to set up the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier with the user equipment during a packet data network connection, optionally as part of an attach procedure, or using a dedicated request made by the user equipment in one or more non-access stratum session management messages. This may allow the virtual evolved packet system bearer, and its associated identifier, to be agreed between the user equipment and the core network entity.
[0040] The core network entity may be configured to use a dedicated S11-U and / or S5 connection (or tunnel, or an S8 connection in the case of roaming) for handling and / or forwarding voice data received from the user equipment to one or more further network entities. The dedicated connections may allow the transfer of voice data (and / or data comprising voice data) only. Optionally, the dedicated S11U and / or S5 connection is / are associated with the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier. This may enable preferential treatment of voice data to improve quality of service.
[0041] The dedicated S11-U connection may be between the core network entity (for example, a mobility management entity) and a first further network entity. The first further network entity may be a serving gateway. The dedicated S5 or S8 connection may be between the first further network entity and a second further network entity. The second further network entity may be a packet data network gateway.
[0042] The core network entity may be configured to indicate its capability to the user equipment over the control plane for the use of priority levels to identify respective data types contained in non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity. This may allow the user equipment to determine which messages contain voice data.
[0043] The core network entity may be configured to indicate its capability to the user equipment over the control plane for the support of voice data and / or the support of quality of service for voice data. This may allow the core network entity to indicate its capability to the user equipment in this regard.
[0044] The voice data contained within the one or more non-access stratum messages received by the core network entity may additionally include internet protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS) signalling related to the setup of a voice call or session. This may allow other relevant data to be included in the message with voice packets.
[0045] The core network entity may be a control plane core network entity. The core network entity may be a mobility management entity. This may allow the core network of the mobile network to communicate with the user equipment.
[0046] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a method for implementation at a core network entity in a mobile network configured to communicate with a user equipment via a control plane, the method comprising: performing an exchange of capability with the user equipment relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; and in dependence on the exchange of capability, receiving voice data from the user equipment over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.
[0047] This method may allow the core network entity to inform the user equipment that it supports sending voice data over the control plane. The user equipment and network can then decide to send voice data over non-access stratum when supported.
[0048] The method may comprise any of the further features described herein and above with respect to the third aspect.
[0049] According to another aspect, there is provided a mobile network comprising a user equipment having any of the features described herein and / or a core network entity having any of the features described herein.
[0050] According to a further aspect, there is provided one or more computer programs for instructing a computer comprising one or more processors to implement the methods above.
[0051] According to a further aspect there is provided a data carrier storing in non-transitory form the one or more computer programs above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0052] Figure 1 illustrates an existing call flow for sending data over NAS in a mobile-originated case;
[0053] Figure 2 illustrates details of the control plane service request message;
[0054] Figure 3 illustrates details of the ESM data transport message;
[0055] Figure 4 illustrates a capability exchange to use a virtual EPS bearer for voice data;
[0056] Figure 5 illustrates the use of dedicated S11-U and S5 connections for voice data;
[0057] Figure 6 illustrates the use of a virtual EPS bearer with corresponding dedicated S11-U and S5 connections for voice data;
[0058] Figure 7 illustrates the steps of an exemplary method for implementation at a UE;
[0059] Figure 8 illustrates the steps of an exemplary method for implementation at a core network entity;
[0060] Figure 9 schematically illustrates an example of a UE and some of its associated components;
[0061] Figure 10 schematically illustrates an example of a core network entity and some of its associated components.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0062] The present disclosure relates to mobile networks. The approaches described herein may be implemented in such mobile networks as 3GPP 4G or 5G networks and other mobile communication systems that are currently available or developed in the future. The network may comprise a plurality of network entities (NEs) . The NEs may be network function (NFs) , which may be software-based. The NEs may alternatively be network apparatus (hardware-based) .
[0063] A mobile network generally comprises a radio access network (RAN) and a core network (CN) . The RAN handles the wireless aspects, while the CN handles the management and control aspects. Both the RAN and CN have a user plane (UP) to transmit traffic. A control plane (CP) can carry signaling traffic.
[0064] The approaches described herein can be implemented where the UE is, for example, a NB device that only supports CP for data transfer. Such approaches can be used where no UP is supported. For example, where the device is a NB-IoT device. The NB-IoT device may be served in EPS.
[0065] Solutions are described by which the UE and the network exchange capabilities for sending voice over the CP (i.e. via NAS) . The capability can be exchanged over one or more NAS messages sent by each of the UE and a CN entity, such as an MME, of the mobile network.
[0066] The capability exchange may in some implementations be extended to the support of a virtual EPS bearer. The virtual EPS bearer can be represented by a virtual EPS bearer ID. The virtual EPS bearer does not have any radio resource (i.e. it is not a real EPS bearer) , rather it is just an ID to identify voice data.
[0067] The virtual EPS bearer may be established as part of a PDN connectivity procedure. The PDN connectivity procedure may be performed as a standalone procedure or may be performed during an attach procedure between the UE and MME. The virtual EPS bearer may alternatively be established as part of a dedicated session management procedure between the UE and MME. The UE and CN entity (for example, MME) can agree on the EPS bearer ID to be used for the virtual EPS bearer.
[0068] The UE can send voice data over NAS if both the UE and CN entity (for example, MME) support the feature and optionally if the CN entity has permitted the use of voice data over NAS. NAS messages with voice data may include the virtual EPS bearer ID. This may allow NAS messages to be marked as containing voice data.
[0069] All of the embodiments presented below may be used in any combination or order. Note that for all of the embodiments herein, voice data (i.e. the data of a voice call) may refer to voice data packets only (i.e. excludes signaling, such as IMS signaling) or may also include signaling (such as IMS signaling) that is used to setup the voice call. Note that IMS signaling is considered to be IP data or user data from the NAS point of view, since the NAS is merely providing a transport service for higher layer data which includes IMS signaling.
[0070] The information element and network capability exchange for sending voice data over the CP will now be described.
[0071] The UE may provide an indication to the CN entity about any of the following capabilities: support of voice data over the CP, support of QoS for voice data over the CP, support of different levels of priority for data over the CP, where a certain level may mean a certain type of data contents, for example voice data packets, IMS signaling, MPS data, etc.
[0072] The UE may provide this indication in any NAS message, such as an attach request, tracking area update (TAU) request, or PDN connectivity request message. The UE may use an existing IE (information element) or a new IE for this indication.
[0073] The CN entity, for example MME, can also inform the UE whether or not it supports voice data transfer over the CP. For example, the network can provide similar indications as those listed above to the UE in any NAS message. For example, the NAS message may be an attach accept, TAU accept, or activate default EPS bearer request message. The network, for example MME, can use a new ID or an existing IE to provide similar support indications to the UE.
[0074] The network (for example the CN entity such as the MME) may also define a new subscription information that indicates whether the UE is allowed to send and / or receive data over the CP, or data over the UP, or data when the UE uses narrowband, or any combination of these. The network may verify if the UE subscription information permits the service for the UE and based on that the network may set an indication to the UE to inform the UE if the service is allowed. This indication may be in the form of a network capability, where the network capability considers the subscription information. For example, if the network is capable of the feature but the subscription indicates that the UE is not to be provided with voice data over control plane (or over narrow band) , then the network (for example, MME) may indicate that the feature (for example, voice transfer over the control plane) is not supported.
[0075] The UE may determine to send voice over the CP when any of the following occur: - The UE supports the transfer of voice over NAS (or over the CP) . - The UE is configured to send and / or receive voice over NAS (or over the CP) . - The UE receives an indication from the network that voice over NAS (or over the CP) is supported, where this indication may be based on unicast or broadcast signaling. Unicast signaling may be RRC or NAS. Broadcast may be based on system information block (SIB) information. - The UE establishes a PDN connection with a specific Access Point Name (APN) value, where it is assumed that the specific APN value can infer that the connection is for IMS connection (or IMS service or IMS voice service) .
[0076] Figure 4 shows a summary of the approach described herein for the capability exchange between a UE 401 and a mobile network 402. A CN entity of the mobile network 402 may be an MME and the network may also comprise a SGW and a PGW. The capability exchange can take place between the CN entity and the UE 401.
[0077] As shown at 403, the UE 401 and the network 402 perform a capability exchange to indicate capabilities relating to the transfer of voice data over the CP between the UE and the CN entity (for example, MME) . The capabilities may optionally relate to the use of a virtual EPS bearer.
[0078] As shown at 404, the optional use of a virtual EPS bearer ID can be used as means to identify voice data in NAS messages sent between the UE and the network. This may also lead to the establishment or use of dedicated S11-U and S8 or S5 connections that correspond to the virtual EPS bearer, as will be described in more detail later.
[0079] The UE and the CN entity (for example, MME) can exchange voice data over NAS after both entities indicate the support for voice data over the CP by any of the means described herein. Note that the CP may refer to NAS protocol (and hence NAS messages) .
[0080] In one example, a new subscription information may be defined to indicate if the UE is allowed to send voice data over NB-IoT, and may be specific to voice data over the CP. The network may verify this subscription information and the CN entity may indicate to the UE that the feature is supported and / or allowed when the network does support the feature and the subscription information permits the use of voice data or voice service for the UE (for example, a NB-IoT device) over the CP.
[0081] The use of a virtual EPS bearer identity for voice data over the CP will now be described.
[0082] This solution proposes that a dedicated value of an EPS bearer can be used to identify voice related data, where the voice related data may be voice data only or may also include IMS signaling that is related to the setup of a voice call or session. This dedicated value for the EPS bearer may refer to, or may be considered as, a virtual EPS bearer since there may not be any real bearer (i.e., no UP resources) on the air interface corresponding to this EPS bearer.
[0083] The new EPS bearer identity can be negotiated between the UE and the network in any of the following ways.
[0084] In a first example, the new EPS bearer identity can be negotiated between the UE and the network (specifically, the CN entity) as part of the attach procedure. The UE and the network may agree on a particular EPS bearer identity to identify voice data contents or to use when sending voice data, such as voice packets.
[0085] For example, the UE which includes its capability to send data over CP (optionally via NB) can include a new information element which contains the virtual EPS bearer ID that identifies voice (related) data. The UE can include this in any NAS message, such as an attach request or TAU request or PDN connectivity request.
[0086] Alternatively, for a UE which indicates support of voice data over the CP (optionally via NB) , and for the network which supports the feature and optionally allows its usage for the UE in question, the CN entity (for example, MME) may provide an EPS bearer identity value to use for voice related data where this may be provided in any NAS message. The NAS message may be, for example, an attach accept message, TAU accept message or an activate default EPS bearer request.
[0087] In another example, the new EPS bearer identity can be negotiated between the UE and the network as part of the PDN connection establishment. The UE can request another EPS bearer identity or provide an EPS bearer identity that is chosen by the UE and which should be different from the EPS bearer identity of the PDN connection request message. Alternatively, the MME may provide this bearer identity in the activate default EPS bearer context request message. The UE and / or the CN entity (for example, MME) may do so based on the capability exchange information that is proposed herein.
[0088] The new EPS bearer may be referred to as a linked virtual EPS bearer, or EPS bearer for voice data, or any other terminology may be used. The linked virtual EPS bearer can be used for voice data and may include signaling (for example, IMS signaling) for the voice session.
[0089] The UE and the network can use the new virtual EPS bearer identity (ID) as follows.
[0090] When the UE sends a NAS message that contains voice data, the UE can include the new virtual EPS bearer ID value as the value of the EPS bearer ID. This may be part of the NAS message.
[0091] The CN entity (for example, MME) which receives a NAS message with the new virtual EPS bearer ID determines that the content of the NAS message comprises voice data. The MME and UE would have already negotiated the value of the virtual EPS bearer ID to use.
[0092] In the downlink (DL) , when the CN entity (for example, MME) forwards voice data to the UE in a NAS message, the CN entity can use the new virtual EPS bearer ID in the NAS message. The UE can determine that a NAS message contains voice based on the new virtual EPS bearer ID value.
[0093] As mentioned above, the virtual EPS bearer means that there is no corresponding radio bearer, but the NAS EPS bearer ID is used to mark voice data.
[0094] The UE and the network may exchange or use NAS session management procedures to establish the virtual EPS bearer ID.The UE may use the bearer resource allocation procedure or the bearer resource modification procedure with a new indication that this is for the virtual EPS bearer, since dedicated bearers may not be supported for NB-IoT devices.
[0095] Alternatively, during the PDN connectivity request procedure, the UE can request a value for the virtual EPS bearer ID. The request may be an explicit request or may be performed by including a new EPS bearer ID, optionally with an indication that it is a virtual EPS bearer ID. The MME may allocate a value for the virtual EPS bearer ID in the activate default EPS bearer request message and may indicate that this is a virtual EPS bearer ID.
[0096] Alternatively, a new NAS message may be used to request a virtual EPS bearer and this may be initiated by the UE or the CN entity (for example, MME) .
[0097] For all of the solutions described herein, the new indications may be based on existing fields or IEs or new fields or IEs.
[0098] The CN entity (for example, MME) can forward voice data (which may be identified with a virtual EPS bearer ID, as described above) on dedicated S11-U and S5 connections which are established for handling and / or forwarding voice data.
[0099] Figure 5 illustrates the use of dedicated S11-U and S5 interfaces for voice data. The dedicated S11-U and S5 connections for voice data forwarding may correspond to the virtual EPS bearer ID, where used. The other S11-U and S5 connections are the current connections that come with a PDN connection. These other connections may be used for non-voice data.
[0100] In this example, in a mobile network 500, a CN entity is an MME 501. The MME 501 and serving gateway (SGW) 502 may use a dedicated S11-U connection for the transfer of voice packets. This can be one method by which the network entities differentiate voice contents from other non-voice data. The same approach can be used for S5 connection between the SGW 502 and packet data network gateway (PGW) 503.
[0101] As indicated at 504, upon establishment of a PDN connection between the MME 501 and a UE (not shown in Figure 5) that can carry voice data, or upon reception of first voice packet from a UE, the MME 501 may initiate the establishment of a dedicated S11-U connection for transfer of voice packets. Similarly, when the SGW 502 receives the indication to setup a new S11-U connection from the MME, the SGW 502 may establish a new S5 connection to carry voice packets.
[0102] The S11-U connection for voice data is indicated at 505. The S11-U connection for non-voice data is indicated at 506. The S5 connection for voice data is indicated at 507. The S5 connection for non-voice data is indicated at 508.
[0103] Figure 6 shows the use of a virtual EPS bearer with corresponding dedicated S11-U and S5 connections for voice data. In Figure 6, the UE is shown at 510.
[0104] Voice packets from the UE can be forwarded on the virtual EPS bearer, S11-U connection for voice data 505, and S5 connection for voice data 507. This can apply to both uplink (UL) and DL data transmission.
[0105] As shown at 601, the UE 510 has a PDN connection for CP data which includes voice data, and may have a virtual EPS bearer ID.
[0106] At 602, the UE 510 has voice data to send. The UE includes the voice data in a NAS message which is marked as containing voice data, for example by including a virtual EPS ID value.
[0107] At 603, the UE 510 sends a NAS message to the MME 501 with the voice data. The NAS message is marked to indicate that it contains voice data.
[0108] In the UL, the MME 501 receives the NAS message that carries voice data (which may be determined based on previous methods described herein) , as shown at 604. The MME can forward the voice contents to the SGW 502 using the S11-U connection 505 which is dedicated for voice data, as shown at 605. The SGW 502 can also forward the voice contents to the PGW 503 using the dedicated S5 connection 507, as shown at 606.
[0109] The DL handling of voice data follows similar handling. The PGW 503 may forward voice data to the SGW 502 on the dedicated S5 connection (tunnel) 507, as shown at 607. The SGW 502 can forward the voice data to the MME 501 on the dedicated S11-U connection (tunnel) 505. The MME 501 can forward the voice data to the UE 510 using a NAS message which is marked to indicate that it contains voice data using any of the previously described methods. The UE determines that a NAS message contains voice data based on any of the proposed marking methods, for example based on a virtual EPS bearer ID which is then also included in the NAS message.
[0110] The UE may determine that a NAS message contains voice data (for example, voice packets) using any of the methods described earlier. The UE may locally prioritize the handling of the voice packets (for example, process and forward to voice client in the UE) based on this determination.
[0111] The establishment of a dedicated connection (tunnel) on the S11-U and S5 interface can be done when a virtual EPS bearer has been established, or negotiated to be used, between the UE and CN entity (for example, MME) .
[0112] Priority handling at the SGW and PGW will now be described. The solutions described above for priority handling also apply to the SGW and PGW.
[0113] For the UL direction, the MME may inform the SGW that certain IP packets carry voice data or data with higher priority. The MME may provide IP addresses, port numbers, protocol types, etc, to the SGW where this information represent the parameters used for the voice data (or for the data with high priority) and may indicate the level or priority that is needed for data that is associated with this information. Alternatively, when the MME forwards voice data to the SGW on the S11-U, the MME may include an explicit indication that the data is voice data. This informs the SGW that high priority handling is needed.
[0114] Note that all of the proposals previously presented with priority level value may also apply here. For example, the MME, SGW and PGW may provide a priority level value with a data packet when forwarded between them. This indicates to the recipient the priority of the data and hence the expected or requested quality QoS treatment.
[0115] When the SGW receives data from the MME, the SGW determines if the data (for example, voice data or other data) is of higher priority or of certain priority based on any of the methods described above. The determination may be based on an explicit indication from the MME, or if the SGW had previously received IP parameter information for data that require high priority then the SGW can identify the data which is of high priority. The SGW can also prioritize the handling and / or forwarding of data towards the PGW and may also indicate that the data is high priority. The SGW may also forward any received IP parameter information to the PGW in order to inform the PGW that data that matches the provided IP information (for example, IP address, port, protocol used above IP, etc) is to be treated with high priority.
[0116] The PGW may identify packets to be treated with high priority based on explicit indication from the SGW or based on the IP information that is received from the SGW (for example, IP address, port, protocol used above IP, etc) which matches a data that is being processed.
[0117] Alternatively, the PGW may determine that an IP packet contains voice based on information received from the IMS network during connection establishment of the IMS voice call, or using any other method.
[0118] The indications, for example voice packet indication, priority level value, IP parameter information, etc, may be exchanged between the MME and SGW using any of the existing messages that these entities use or using a new message. Similarly for the SGW and PGW, existing messages or new messages may be used to exchange this information. The information may be exchanged when the tunnels or connections between the MME and SGW, and between the SGW and PGW, are set up, for example during PDN connection, or when data is being sent the information may be sent with the data.
[0119] The S11-U and S5 connections may be set up with a particular QoS treatment (for example, meeting certain delay, rate loss, etc., ) in order to meet the requirements of a voice call as much as possible.
[0120] The dedicated S11-U and corresponding dedicated S5 connection may be used for exchange of voice data (in the DL and / or UL) even if the UE and the MME do not use a virtual EPS bearer. For example, the MME may determine that a NAS message contains voice data by any means and hence may use the dedicated S11-U to send voice data to the SGW, and the SGW may determine that the data received from the MME contains voice data and hence may determine to send the voice packet to the PGW on the dedicated S5 interface.
[0121] The dedicated S11-U and / or S5 connections may be set up, for example, when the network determines that a PDN connection will be used for voice service, such as based on an APN. The use of a dedicated S11-U and / or S5 connection may also be based on subscription information that is defined to indicate if this is allowed or not for the UE, optionally based on or associated with an APN name.
[0122] The above solutions apply in both the UL and DL directions.
[0123] Figure 7 shows the steps of an exemplary method for implementation at a UE. At step 701, the method comprises performing an exchange of capability with the core network entity relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity. At step 702, the method comprises, in dependence on the exchange of capability, sending voice data to the core network entity over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.
[0124] Figure 8 shows the steps of an exemplary method for implementation at a core network entity. At step 801, the method comprises performing an exchange of capability with the user equipment relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity. At step 802, the method comprises, in dependence on the exchange of capability, receiving voice data from the user equipment over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.
[0125] Figures 9 and 10 show examples of UE 900 and a core network entity 1000 (such as an MME) .
[0126] The entities 900, 1000 comprise a processor 901, 1001 and a memory 902, 1002. The memory 902, 1002 stores in a non-transient way code that is executable by the processor 901, 1001 to implement the respective entity in the manner described herein. The core network entity 1000 may be implemented by hardware or may be service-based entity or function, for example it may be implemented as a cloud-based computing device.
[0127] The entities 900, 1000 also comprise a transceiver 903, 1003 that is capable of communicating with other entities. These entities may be logical entities. In practice they may each be provided by one or more physical devices such as servers and data stores, and the functions of two or more of the entities may be provided by a single physical device. Each physical device implementing an entity comprises a processor and a memory.
[0128] In summary, the UE and network exchange capabilities for the transfer of voice data over the CP. The capability exchange relates to the transfer of voice over the CP or for the use of a virtual EPS bearer ID to identify voice data, and / or relates to the use of priority levels for identify certain data types (known to be associated with a priority level) that are contained in NAS messages. The UE and network can then decide to send voice data over NAS when supported, otherwise the UE does not know if the network supports the feature and vice versa.
[0129] The UE and MME may setup a virtual EPS bearer with a virtual EPS bearer ID, where this may occur during the PDN connection, optionally as part of the attach procedure, or using a dedicated request from the UE by means of NAS session management messages.
[0130] The UE can include a virtual EPS bearer ID in the NAS messages that carry voice data. When a NAS message is identified by the MME to contain a virtual EPS bearer ID, the MME can forward the data on the dedicated S11-U tunnel that is associated with the virtual EPS bearer.
[0131] Since dedicated bearers are not supported, the virtual bearer does not lead to any UP resource. However, it can enable the UE and network to identify voice data by means of an existing ID, namely the EPS bearer ID, which is part of any NAS message that carries data. The network can also have dedicated S11-U and S5 connections which enable preferential treatment with certain QoS.
[0132] Similar handling may occur in the DL.
[0133] The above approaches may enable a UE and network to negotiate the use of NAS, or CP, for sending voice data or other data of priority (regardless of the level of priority) . NAS messages with voice contents can be associated with a virtual EPS bearer ID which is negotiated between the UE and the MME. The virtual EPS bearer ID may also have a corresponding S11-U and S5 connection. Data identified as voice, for example by means of the virtual EPS bearer ID, can be forwarded on the dedicated connections. In the DL, the PGW can identify IP packets with voice and forward them on the dedicated S5 connection if it is used.
[0134] The applicant hereby discloses in isolation each individual feature described herein and any combination of two or more such features, to the extent that such features or combinations are capable of being carried out based on the present specification as a whole in the light of the common general knowledge of a person skilled in the art, irrespective of whether such features or combinations of features solve any problems disclosed herein. The applicant indicates that aspects of the present invention may consist of any such individual feature or combination of features. In view of the foregoing description, it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1.A user equipment (401, 510, 900) configured to communicate with a core network entity (501, 1000) in a mobile network (402, 500) via a control plane, the user equipment being configured to:perform (701) an exchange of capability with the core network entity relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; andin dependence on the exchange of capability, send (702) voice data to the core network entity over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.2.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the user equipment is configured to perform the exchange of capability with the core network entity via one or more non-access stratum messages.3.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the user equipment is configured to exchange capability with the core network entity in one or more of an attach request, a tracking area update request, or a packet data network connectivity request message.4.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the user equipment is configured to indicate its capability to the core network according to one or more of the following: an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband internet of things device; an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device capable of data exchange via the control plane; an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device that is not capable of data exchange via the user plane; an indication that the user equipment is a voice capable narrowband device that is capable of data exchange via the user plane.5.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the user equipment is configured to indicate its capability to the core network entity for the use of a virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier to identify voice data in the non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity, or to use the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier for exchanging voice data with the core network entity.6.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the user equipment is configured to include the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier in the one or more non-access stratum messages to indicate that the one or more non-access stratum messages contain voice data.7.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the user equipment is configured to set up the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier with the core network entity during a packet data network connection, optionally as part of an attach procedure, or using a dedicated request made by the user equipment in one or more non-access stratum session management messages.8.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the user equipment is configured to indicate its capability to the core network entity for the use of priority levels to identify respective data types contained in non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity.9.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the user equipment is configured to indicate its capability to the core network entity for the support of voice data and / or the support of quality of service for voice data.10.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the user equipment is configured to send voice data over the control plane when any of the following occur: the user equipment supports the transfer of voice over non-access stratum or over the control plane; the user equipment is configured to send and / or receive voice over non-access stratum or over the control plane; the user equipment receives an indication from the core network entity that voice data over non-access stratum or over the control plane is supported; the user equipment receives an indication from the core network entity that voice data over non-access stratum or over the control plane is allowed; the user equipment establishes a packet data network connection with a specific Access Point Name value.11.The user equipment (401, 510, 900) as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the voice data contained within the one or more non-access stratum messages sent to the core network entity additionally includes internet protocol multimedia signalling related to the setup of a voice call or session.12.A method (700) for implementation at a user equipment (401, 510, 900) configured to communicate with a core network entity (501, 1000) in a mobile network (402, 500) via a control plane, the method comprising:performing (701) an exchange of capability with the core network entity relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; andin dependence on the exchange of capability, sending (702) voice data to the core network entity over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.13.A core network entity (501, 1000) in a mobile network (402, 500) configured to communicate with a user equipment (401, 510, 900) via a control plane, the core network entity being configured to:perform (801) an exchange of capability with the user equipment relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; andin dependence on the exchange of capability, receive (802) voice data from the user equipment over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.14.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the core network entity is configured to perform the exchange of capability with the user equipment via one or more non-access stratum messages.15.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in claim 14, wherein the core network entity is configured to exchange capability with the user equipment in one or more of an attach accept, tracking area update accept, or activate default evolved packet system bearer request message.16.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in any of claims 13 to 15, wherein the core network entity is configured to indicate its capability to the user equipment for the use of a virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier to identify voice data in non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity.17.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the core network entity is configured to include the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier in the one or more non-access stratum messages to indicate that the one or more non-access stratum messages contain voice data.18.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the core network entity is configured to set up the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier with the user equipment during a packet data network connection, optionally as part of an attach procedure, or using a dedicated request made by the user equipment in one or more non-access stratum session management messages.19.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in any of claims 13 to 18, wherein the core network entity is configured to use a dedicated S11U and / or S5 connection for handling and / or forwarding voice data received from the user equipment to one or more further network entities (502, 503) .20.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in claim 19 as dependent on any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the dedicated S11U and / or S5 connection is / are associated with the virtual evolved packet system bearer identifier.21.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in any of claims 13 to 20, wherein the core network entity is configured to indicate its capability to the user equipment over the control plane for the use of priority levels to identify respective data types contained in non-access stratum messages sent between the user equipment and the core network entity.22.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in any of claims 13 to 21, wherein the core network entity is configured to indicate its capability to the user equipment over the control plane for the support of voice data and / or the support of quality of service for voice data.23.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in any of claims 13 to 22, wherein the voice data contained within the one or more non-access stratum messages received by the core network entity additionally includes internet protocol multimedia signalling related to the setup of a voice call or session.24.The core network entity (501, 1000) as claimed in any of claims 13 to 23, wherein the core network entity is a mobility management entity.25.A method (800) for implementation at a core network entity (501, 1000) in a mobile network (402, 500) configured to communicate with a user equipment (401, 510, 900) via a control plane, the method comprising:performing (801) an exchange of capability with the user equipment relating to the transfer of voice data over the control plane between the user equipment and the core network entity; andin dependence on the exchange of capability, receiving (802) voice data from the user equipment over the control plane in one or more non-access stratum messages.