Reader to device data and feedback indication message design
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085295
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085295_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
READER TO DEVICE DATA AND FEEDBACK INDICATION MESSAGE DESIGNField of the Disclosure
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to designs for a reader to device (R2D) data and feedback indication message format. Description of Related Art
[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0003] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0004] One aspect provides a method for wireless communications at a first wireless node. The method includes obtaining a message from a second wireless node, wherein the message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; and processing the message in accordance with the control information to obtain the data portion.
[0005] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communication at a second wireless node. The method includes generating a message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; and outputting the message to a first wireless node.
[0006] Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the aforementioned methods and / or those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; and / or an apparatus comprising means for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks.
[0007] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0008] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0009] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0010] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0011] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment.
[0012] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example radio frequency identification (RFID) system.
[0014] FIG. 6 depicts an example reader and ambient internet of things (AIoT) device.
[0015] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B depict example topologies for AIoT communication.
[0016] FIG. 8 depicts an example call flow diagram for an AIoT inventory procedure.
[0017] FIG. 9 depicts an example call flow diagram for an example AIoT 3-step random access procedure.
[0018] FIG. 10 depicts an example call flow diagram for an example 2-step AIoT random access procedure.
[0019] FIG. 11 depicts an example call flow diagram for a random access procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 12 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 13 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 14 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 15 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 16 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 17 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 18 depicts an example physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) format with L1 control, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 19 depicts an example MAC header and MAC control element (CE) , in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 20 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0029] FIG. 21 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0030] FIG. 22 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to designs for a format of a message that can convey data and / or a feedback indication. For example, aspects of the present disclosure provide designs for a reader to device (R2D) data and feedback indication message that can be used in ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) systems.
[0032] The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of AIoT systems, which use low-power, low-complexity devices to monitor and manage various environments. These devices, typically operating with minimal power in the range of microwatts (μW) , are essential for applications like efficient inventory management and command in large-scale deployments.
[0033] R2D messages generally refer to messages from a reader to an AIoT device, while device to reader (D2R) generally refer to messages from an AIoT device (or simply “device” ) to a reader. In some cases, a reader may transmit R2D control signaling for scheduling R2D and / or D2R transmissions. For example, for transmission of R2D control information for R2D reception and D2R scheduling, R2D control information may be conveyed via physical layer (L1) control signaling or via higher layer (e.g., medium access control-MAC layer) signaling.
[0034] For R2D reception, various types of information may be (explicitly / implicitly) indicated to the device via a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) transmission. For example, such information may include an identifier (ID) or IDs associated with device (s) intended for the reception of R2D signaling. Different types of information may be conveyed via L1 R2D control signaling, higher layer signaling, or a combination thereof.
[0035] Aspects of the present disclosure provide mechanisms that may help facilitate indicating control information to a device for R2D reception. Various message format options presented herein provide flexibility to schedule R2D reception for one or multiple devices. Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0036] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and / or 5G wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0037] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0038] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects, such as satellite 140 and aircraft 145, which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and user equipments.
[0039] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0040] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0041] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0042] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0043] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0044] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0045] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24,250 MHz –71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24,250 MHz –52,600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52,600 MHz –71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0046] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0047] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’ . UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182” . UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182” . BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’ . BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0048] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0049] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0050] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0051] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0052] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0053] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0054] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0055] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0056] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0057] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0058] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0059] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0060] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0061] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0062] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0063] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0064] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0065] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0066] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 339) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0067] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0068] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0069] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0070] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0071] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0072] MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0073] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0074] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 339 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0075] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0076] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0077] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0078] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0079] In some aspects, one or more processors may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0080] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0081] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0082] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0083] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0084] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot format. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0085] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe is based on a slot configuration and a numerology. For example, for slot configuration 0, different numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=6 has a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0086] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0087] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0088] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0089] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0090] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0091] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0092] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0093] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI. Example RACH Procedures
[0094] A random-access channel (RACH) is so named because it refers to a wireless channel (medium) that may be shared by multiple UEs and used by the UEs to (randomly) access the network for communications. For example, the RACH may be used for call setup and to access the network for data transmissions. In some cases, RACH may be used for initial access to a network when the UE switches from a radio resource control (RRC) connected idle mode to active mode, or when handing over in RRC connected mode. Moreover, RACH may be used for downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) data arrival when the UE is in RRC idle or RRC inactive modes, and when reestablishing a connection with the network.
[0095] In an example four-step RACH procedure, a first message (MSG1) may be sent from the UE to a network entity (e.g., a BS such as a gNB) on the physical random access channel (PRACH) . In this case, MSG1 may only include a RACH preamble. The network entity may respond with a random access response (RAR) message (MSG2) which may include the identifier (ID) of the RACH preamble, a timing advance (TA) , an uplink grant, cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) , and a back off indicator. MSG2 may include a PDCCH communication including control information for a following communication on the PDSCH, as illustrated. In response to MSG2, MSG3 is transmitted from the UE to the network entity on the PUSCH. MSG3 may include one or more of a RRC connection request, a tracking area update request, a system information request, a positioning fix or positioning signal request, or a scheduling request. The network entity then responds with MSG 4 which may include a contention resolution message.
[0096] In some cases, to speed access, a two-step RACH procedure may be supported. As the name implies, the two-step RACH procedure may effectively "collapse" the four messages of the four-step RACH procedure into two messages. For example, MSG1 and MSG3 may be combined in a single MSGA, while MSG2 and MSG4 may be combined in a single MSGB. Introduction to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems
[0097] Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly growing technology impacting many industries due to its economic potential for inventory / asset management within warehouses, internet of things (IoT) , sustainable sensor networks in factories and / or agriculture, and smart homes, to name a few example applications. RFID technology consists of RFID devices (or backscatter devices) , such as transponders, or tags, that emit an information-bearing signal upon receiving an energizing signal.
[0098] RFID devices may be operated without a battery. Generally, RFID devices that are operated without a battery are known as passive RFID devices. Passive RFID devices may operate by harvesting energy from received radio frequency signals (e.g., “over the air” ) , thereby powering reception and transmission circuitry within the RFID devices. This harvested energy allows passive RFID devices to transmit information, sometimes referred to as backscatter modulated information, without the need for a local power source within the RFID device. On the other hand, in certain aspects, RFID device may be semi-passive and include on-board energy storage to supplement their ability to harvest energy from received signals (however, at higher cost) .
[0099] In some cases, in addition to harvesting power from RF sources, energy harvesting devices may accumulate energy from other direct energy sources, such as solar energy, in order to supplement its power demands. Semi-passive energy harvesting devices may, in some cases, include power consuming RF components, such as analog to digital converters (ADCs) , mixers, and oscillators.
[0100] The RFID device may be a type of user equipment (UE) that provides low-cost and low-power solutions for many applications in a wireless communications system. The RFID device may be power efficient, sometimes requiring less than 0.1mW of power to operate. Further, relatively simple architectures and, in some cases, lack of battery, mean that the RFID device can be small, lightweight, and easily installed or integrated in many types of environments or host devices. The RFID device provides practical and necessary solutions to many networking applications that require, low-cost, small footprint, durable, maintenance-free, and long lifespan communications devices. For example, the RFID device may be configured as long endurance industrial sensors, which mitigates the problems of replacing batteries in and around dangerous machinery.
[0101] FIG. 5 illustrates an example RFID system 500. As shown, RFID system 500 includes a reader 510 and an RFID tag 550. Reader 510 may also be referred to as an interrogator or a scanner. RFID tag 550 may also be referred to as an interrogator, RFID label, or an electronics label. In certain aspects, reader 510 is a network entity (e.g., such as a gNB) and RFID tag 550 is a user equipment (UE) .
[0102] Reader 510 includes an antenna 520 and an electronics unit 530. Antenna 520 radiates signals transmitted by reader 510 and receives signals from RFID tags and / or other devices. Electronics unit 530 may include a transmitter and a receiver for reading RFID tags such as RFID tag 550. The same pair of transmitter and receiver (or another pair of transmitter and receiver) may support bi-directional communication with wireless networks, wireless devices, etc. Electronics unit 530 may include processing circuitry (e.g., a processor) to perform processing for data being transmitted and received by the RFID reader 510.
[0103] RFID tag 550 includes an antenna 560 and a data storage element 570. Antenna 560 radiates signals transmitted by RFID tag 550 and receives signals from RFID reader 510 and / or other devices. Data storage element 570 stores information for RFID tag 550, for example, in an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or another type of memory. RFID tag 550 may also include an electronics unit that can process the received signal and generate the signals to be transmitted.
[0104] RFID tag 550 may be a passive RFID tag having no battery. In this case, induction may be used to power the RFID tag 550. For example, in some cases, a magnetic field from a signal transmitted by reader 510 may induce an electrical current in RFID tag 550, which may then operate based on the induced current. RFID tag 550 can radiate its signal in response to receiving a signal from RFID reader 510 or some other device. In certain other aspects, RFID tag 550 may optionally include an energy storage device 590, such as a battery, capacitor, etc., for storing energy harvested using energy harvesting circuitry 555, as described below.
[0105] RFID tag 550 may be read by placing the reader 510 within close proximity to RFID tag 550. Reader 510 may radiate a first signal 525 via the antenna 520. In some cases, the first signal 525 may be known as an interrogation signal or energy signal. In some cases, energy of the first signal 525 may be coupled from reader antenna 520 to RFID tag antenna 560 via magnetic coupling and / or other phenomena. In other words, the RFID tag 550 may receive the first signal 525 from reader 510 via antenna 560 and energy of the first signal 525 may be harvested using energy harvesting circuitry 555 (e.g., an RF transducer) and used to power RFID tag 550. For example, energy of the first signal 525 received by RFID tag 550 may be used to power a microprocessor 545 of RFID tag 550. Microprocessor 545 may, in turn, retrieve information stored in a data storage element 570 of RFID tag 550 and transmit the retrieved information via a second signal 535 using the antenna 560. For example, in some cases, microprocessor 545 may generate the second signal 535 by modulating a baseband signal (e.g., generated using energy of the first signal 525) with the information retrieved from the data storage element 570. In some cases, this second signal 535 may be known as a backscatter modulated information signal. Thereafter, as noted, microprocessor 545 transmits the second signal 535 to reader 510. Reader 510 may receive the second signal 535 from RFID tag 550 via antenna 520 and may process (e.g., demodulate) the received signal to obtain the information of data storage element 570 sent in second signal 535.
[0106] RFID system 500 may be designed to operate at 13.56 MHz or some other frequency (e.g., an ultra-high frequency (UHF) band at 900 MHz) . Reader 510 may have a specified maximum transmit power level, which may be imposed by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in the United Stated or other regulatory bodies in other countries. The specified maximum transmit power level of reader 510 may limit the distance at which RFID tag 550 can be read by reader 510.
[0107] Wireless technology is increasingly useful in industrial applications, such as ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and machine type communication (MTC) . In such domains, and others, it is desirable to support devices (e.g., passive RFID tags) that are capable of harvesting energy from wireless energy sources (e.g., in lieu of or in combination with a battery or other energy storage device, such as a capacitor) , such as RF signals, thermal energy, solar energy, and the like. Introduction to Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
[0108] An ambient internet of things (AIoT) device (or tag) refers to a device that is typically much smaller and cheaper compared to previous generations of IoT devices, such as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and reduced capability (RedCap) devices. Ambient IoT devices may obtain energy from radio waves.
[0109] There are various types of AIoT devices with different characteristics. For example, a first type has a ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X parts per million (ppm) , and neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. UL transmission from this type of device is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. A second type of AIoT device has a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, an initial SFO up to 10X ppm, with both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. UL transmission from this type of device may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0110] Due to their size and ability to operate with little or no power source, AIoT device may have broad applicability in tracking, monitoring, and managing various devices and processes, with consumer and industrial uses.
[0111] FIG. 6 depicts an example system 600 (e.g., an AIoT system) that utilizes a network entity (e.g., a gNodeB (gNB) ) or UE as a reader 610 to communicate with an AIoT device 650. Such AIoT devices may be used to monitor a variety of devices and processes. For example, the AIoT devices may be used to report sensor measurements, video signals / images, light readings, and control devices (e.g., as actuators) .
[0112] Typical networks may not be able to efficiently support the most pervasive radio frequency identification (RFID) type of sensors, implemented as passive IoT devices. Such devices may be used extensively in future use cases, such as asset management, logistics, warehousing and manufacturing. Certain systems may be required to manage AIoT devices.
[0113] As illustrated in FIG. 6, the reader device 610 may be able to read information stored on one or more AIoT devices and / or write information to the one or more AIoT devices. The gNB can provide energy to the one or more AIoT devices (e.g., via a continuous wave (CW) signal) on a reader to device (R2D) link. An information-bearing signal may be reflected back (e.g., backscattered) on a device to reader (D2R) link from the one or more AIoT devices to the gNB. The gNB may read the reflected signal (e.g., a backscattered signal) from the one or more AIoT devices to decode information (e.g., a bit sequence of 0s and 1s) transmitted by the one or more AIoT devices.
[0114] The AIoT devices may support various types of traffic. For example, AIoT devices may support Device-Originated (DO) traffic, including Device-Originated autonomous (DO-DOA) and Device-Terminated triggered (DO-DTT) traffic, which may be reported periodically.
[0115] The AIoT system is associated with different topologies such as a first topology, a second topology, a third topology with downlink assistance, and a third topology with uplink assistance. In all of these topologies, an AIoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. One or more links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0116] FIG. 7A depicts a first gNB-based reader topology (Topology 1) , where a gNB 102 acts a reader (gNB 710) of an AIoT device 750. In this case, the AIoT device 750 may communicate directly and bidirectionally with the base station (gNB 710) . The communication between the base station and the AIoT device may include AIoT data and / or other signaling.
[0117] FIG. 7B depicts a second UE-based reader topology (Topology 2) , where the AIoT device 750 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 755 between the AIoT device 750 and base station (gNB 102) . In this case, the intermediate node 755 may be an UE which is capable of AIoT communications. The intermediate node 755 may transfer AIoT data and / or signaling between the base station (gNB 102) and the AIoT device 750. Example AIoT Random Access Procedures
[0118] Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for determining and assigning local IDs to AIoT devices for use in communications between the AIoT device and a Reader device.
[0119] The mechanisms proposed herein may be used to derive, assign, and use AIoT devices in various types of procedures. Examples of such procedures include inventory procedures, command procedures, and AIoT random access procedures.
[0120] FIG. 8 depicts an example call flow diagram 800 for an example AIoT inventory procedure and an example AIoT command procedure. In this context, the term inventory (or inventory procedure) generally refers to a procedure for determining the identity of all or a subset of AIoT Devices 850 in the range of Reader (s) 810. IDs derived using the techniques proposed herein may be used in the illustrated procedures, for example, for the AIoT access and / or AIoT data reporting shown. AIoT access may involve, for example, the 3-step or 2-step contention-based random access (CBRA) procedures described with reference to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, respectively.
[0121] As illustrated, a Reader 810 that has received an inventory request (e.g., from an AIoT controller / application function 855) may perform an inventory procedure to discover and trigger all or a subset of AIoT devices 850 to perform AIoT access. AIoT devices that receive an inventory trigger message may respond and participate in an AIoT access procedure. The Reader 810 may then provide an inventory response to the application function 855 (e.g., with information obtained from the AIoT access) .
[0122] As illustrated, for a command procedure, the application function may issue a command, to one or more AIoT devices via one or more selected Reader (s) . The command message may be sent in a command container (e.g., Read / Write / Disable etc. ) . Based on the command from the Reader, the target AIoT device (s) may transmit a command response (e.g., containing an acknowledgement (ACK) of the command and, optionally, AIoT data) . In some cases, filter criteria may be included to limit the inventory request or command to AIoT Devices that match certain criteria.
[0123] FIG. 9 depicts an example call flow diagram 900 for an example AIoT 3-step random access procedure. When an AIoT random access is triggered by a Reader 910, an AIoT local ID may be derived using the techniques proposed herein.
[0124] As illustrated in FIG. 9, after an initial (R2D) trigger message from Reader 910, the AIoT device 950 may send an AIoT Msg1 to the Reader with an ID. In some cases, the ID may be a random ID generated by device (e.g., with an ID size fixed at 16 bits) .
[0125] The Reader may respond with an AIoT Msg2. In some cases, in the AIoT Msg2, the Reader may echo the ID received in Msg1. In some cases, the Msg2 may indicate a Msg3 transmission resource.
[0126] After receiving AIoT Msg2 (e.g., with an ID that matches the ID it provided in Msg1) , the AIoT device may send a Msg3. In some cases, Msg3 may include a device ID and / or any other upper layer data (e.g., depending on upper layer request (s) ) .
[0127] In some cases, the AIoT device may consider the contention resolution as successful if the received Msg2 includes the same random ID that was transmitted in Msg1. In other words, the size of this random ID may be considered sufficient for contention resolution purposes.
[0128] In some cases, an optional “Msg4” (e.g., a subsequent R2D transmission after D2R transmission) may be sent in the random access procedure. “Msg4” can be sent, for example, to address an Msg3 transmission failure (due to various reasons) . “Msg4” usage / presence can be indicated / configured.
[0129] FIG. 10 depicts an example call flow diagram 1000 for an example 2-step AIoT CBRA procedure.
[0130] As illustrated in FIG. 10, after an initial (R2D) trigger message from Reader 1010, the AIoT device 1050 may send an AIoT Msg1. The AIoT Msg1 may include a Device ID and / or any other upper layer data (e.g., depending on upper layer request (s) ) . For 2-step CBRA (when Msg2 is needed) , the random ID may also be included in the AIoT Msg1. When included, the random ID may be echoed by the Reader 1010 in the AIoT Msg2. In some cases, other information from Msg1 may also be echoed in Msg2.
[0131] For contention based random access (CBRA) , it may be left up to the Reader to decide whether to reuse the random ID as the access stratum (AS) ID or to assign a new AS ID. From an AIoT device (or simply device) perspective, it may only need to use one AS ID. Contention free random access (CFRA) may not be supported for group ID. An AS ID may be used for CFRA at least for the inventory (+ command) procedure. For CFRA, if a valid AS ID is not already assigned, an AS-ID assignment may be based on the various options. For example, according to a first option, the device may include a random ID in Msg1. As with CBRA, it may be up to the reader to decide whether to reuse the random ID as the AS ID or to assign a new AS ID. According to another option, Msg2 may be used for AS ID assignment.
[0132] Reader to device (R2D) control information may be used for scheduling device to reader (D2R) transmissions. For example, for D2R scheduling, various types of information may be explicitly / implicitly indicated to the device via a corresponding physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) transmission. Such information may include time domain resources, frequency domain resources, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) like information, chip duration, IDs associated with device (s) , repetitions, and / or a midamble (if supported) related information. Each type of information may be conveyed via higher-layer signaling and / or L1 R2D control signaling.
[0133] In this context, chip rate (the inverse of chip duration) generally refers the rate at which information signal bits are transmitted as a sequence of chips. A chip generally refers to a minimum reference duration of a time domain resource. For example, for on-off keying (OOK) a chip can be a duration of a transmitted “1” or “0. ” In certain wireless systems, one time slot may be equal to 2560 chips and is equal to 666.7μs at a default chip rate. Aspects Related to R2D Data and Feedback Indication Message Design
[0134] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to designs for a format of a message that can convey data and / or a feedback indication. For example, aspects of the present disclosure provide designs for a reader to device (R2D) data and feedback indication message that can be used in ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) systems.
[0135] FIG. 11 depicts an example call flow diagram 1100 depicting an R2D data message design, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the reader device 1102 may be part of a plurality of reader devices that are configured to communicate with the IoT device (or devices) 1104.
[0136] In some aspects, the reader device 1102 may be a radio access network (RAN) entity, such as an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. In some aspects, the reader device 802 may be a UE, such as the UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3. In some aspects, the IoT device (s) 1104 may be an example of the RFID tag 550 described with respect to FIG. 5 and / or one or more of the AIoT devices described with respect to FIGS. 6 or 7.
[0137] As illustrated, the reader device 1102 may send an R2D data message to the AIoT device 1104. As indicated at 1106, the R2D message may include a MAC PDU that conveys control information and a data portion. As illustrated at 1108, the AIoT device 1104 may process the R2D message in accordance with the control information to obtain the data portion.
[0138] As illustrated, the AIoT device 1104 may also transmit a D2R message to the reader device 1102. As also indicated at 1106, in some cases, the R2D data message may also include an indication of feedback regarding reception of the D2R message.
[0139] According to certain aspects, the MAC PDU in the R2D message may include all R2D control information except the TBS indication for the corresponding physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) , if supported.
[0140] The R2D MAC PDU may include various types of control information. For example, this information may include an AS ID or a random ID (e.g., if AS ID has not been assigned yet or is assigned by the R2D data message) , resource allocation for a D2R response, a paging ID, and AIoT data (such as a NAS command) , and a transaction ID. Resource allocation for a D2R response may be optional as it is not needed if there is no D2R response. Similarly, a paging ID may not be needed in systems that do not currently support it, must may be included as a likely feature to be supported for new use cases.
[0141] There are various options for conveying an AS ID or random ID and resource allocation. According to a first option, a MAC PDU may have one MAC CE for a random ID (e.g., received in Msg1) and one MAC CE for resource allocation. According to a second option, a MAC PDU may have a single MAC CE for both AS ID and resource allocation. According to a third option, AS ID may be in a MAC header and there may be one MAC CE for resource allocation.
[0142] There are also various options for conveying an AS ID / random ID and a Transaction ID. According to a first option, there may be one MAC CE for an AS ID / random ID and one MAC CE for a transaction ID. According to a second option, there may be a single MAC CE for both the AS ID / random ID and transaction ID. According to a third option, a transaction ID may be in MAC header and there may be one MAC CE for the AS ID / random ID. According to a fourth option, both an AS ID / random ID and transaction ID nay be carried in a MAC header / subheader.
[0143] There are also various options for conveying a paging ID and AIoT data. According to a first option, there may be one MAC SDU for a paging ID and one MAC SDU for AIoT data. According to a second option, there may be a single MAC SDU for both paging ID and AIoT data. The MAC header, MAC CE or MAC SDU may be byte aligned (e.g., to aid in parsing) or may not be byte aligned.
[0144] FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which all R2D control information except TBS related indication for PRDCH (if supported) is carried in R2D MAC PDU 1200.
[0145] In the illustrated example, a single MAC header 1202 may be associated with the MAC PDU. The MAC header 1202 may include various types of information, such as a message type, and a length field (L) . If paging ID and AIoT data are carried in two separate MAC SDUs, two length indication (L1 and L2) may be needed, as shown in FIG. 12. On the other hand, if a paging ID and AIoT data are carried in single MAC SDU, there may only be a single length indication L, as shown in FIG. 13, for the MAC header 1302 of R2D MAC PDU 1300. It may be noted that, if AS ID is carried in MAC CE with variable length, an additional length indication may be needed.
[0146] As illustrated in FIGs. 12 and 13, the MAC header may also include an N field that indicates the presence / absence of an AIoT paging ID for a subsequent R2D command. This field may be optional, for example, due to lack of support in current systems but this field may be maintained because it may be needed in future.
[0147] The MAC header may also indicate an offset of successful received bits and an A field that indicates a presence or absence of ARI for D2R. The MAC header may also indicate an AS ID. An AS ID may be optional, as it may only exist if an AS ID is not carried in a MAC CE. The MAC header may also convey other fields, such as a Transaction ID. The MAC header may also include one or more R bit (s) for future extension. It may be noted that the MAC header can be byte alignment or not byte alignment.
[0148] FIG. 14 illustrates an example R2D MAC PDU 1400 with a MAC header 1402 and an AS ID and a D2R AIoT resource indication (ARI) conveyed in a single MAC CE 1406. Similarly, FIG. 15 illustrates an example R2D MAC PDU 1500 with a MAC header 1502 and an AS ID and a D2R ARI carried in a dedicated AIoT ID MAC CE 1506.
[0149] As illustrated in FIG. 16, in some cases, an R2D MAC PDU 1600 may have multiple MAC sub-headers associated with MAC subPDUs 1602 and 1604.
[0150] If paging ID and AIoT data are carried in a single MAC SDU, the MAC header for MAC subPDU 1602 may contain a message type, an A field (indicating the presence / absence of ARI for D2R) , AS ID (which may only exist if AS ID is in not carried in a MAC CE) , transaction ID, a length indication L, and reserve R bit (s) that allow for future extension.
[0151] The MAC subheader for MAC subPDU 1604 including SDU may include an L1 field (to indicate the length of the MAC SDU) and an L2 field (to indicate the length of the MAC CE in MAC subPDU 1606 including AS ID and / or ARI and / or transaction ID) . The MAC subheader for MAC subPDU 1604 may also include an optional N field (indicating the presence / absence of AIoT paging ID for subsequent R2D command) , and one or more reserve R bit (s) for future extension. As indicated above, the MAC header may be byte aligned or not byte aligned.
[0152] As illustrated in FIG. 17, in some cases, an R2D MAC PDU 1700 may have multiple MAC sub-headers associated with MAC subPDUs 1702, 1704, and 1706. In this example, paging ID and AIoT data are carried in two separate MAC SDUs (in MAC subPDUs 1704 and 1706, respectively) .
[0153] If paging ID and AIoT data are carried in two separate MAC SDUs, as in this example, the MAC header for MAC subPDU 1702 may contain a message type, an A field (indicating the presence / absence of ARI for D2R) , AS ID (which may only exist if AS ID is in not carried in a MAC CE) , transaction ID, an N field, an offset, and reserve R bit (s) that allow for future extension.
[0154] As illustrated, the MAC subheader for MAC subPDU 1704 may include a MAC SDU. The MAC subheader may include a length indication L field (that indicates the length of the corresponding MAC subPDU) and reserved R bits. The MAC SDU may include the paging ID. As illustrated, the MAC subheader for MAC subPDU 1706 may also length indication L field (that indicates the length of the corresponding MAC subPDU) and reserved R bits and MAC SDU. The MAC SDU may include the AIoT data. The MAC headers and / or MAC subheaders can be byte aligned or not byte aligned.
[0155] According to certain aspects partial R2D control information may be conveyed via L1 control signaling 1802, while remaining control information may be conveyed in the R2D MAC PDU 1800.
[0156] The L1 control may be separate from MAC PDU, with a separate cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for early indication. The control information may include a message type (e.g., to indicate a Msg for R2D with variable length) , transaction ID, and AS ID. In some cases, the control information may include compact ARI for a D2R response, separate from the MAC PDU, which can support D2R ACK / NACK for MAC PDU detection. The control information may also indicate a Length / duration of PRDCH or R2D data TBS (e.g., with no need for a postamble) . The CRC may be, for example, 6 bits. As illustrated, the R2D MAC PDU 1800 may include a MAC subPDU (e.g., for MAC SDU to carry paging ID and / or AIoT data and optional padding. In general, the MAC header or MAC subheader will only contain the information which is not indicated in L1 information, except the length indication of MAC PDU.
[0157] As noted above, the R2D MAC PDU may also convey feedback indication for a D2R reception (at the reader) . For example, the feedback indication may convey whether the reader successfully received a D2R transmission from the device. In some cases, the feedback indication may be carried in an R2D MAC PDU.
[0158] As illustrated in diagram 1900 of FIG. 19, an R2D MAC PDU may include an AIoT ID MAC CE 1902 (e.g., including one or multiple AS IDs / random IDs and / or transaction ID) . As illustrated, a MAC header 1904 including a message type and length indication L. The length indication may indicate the length of MAC PDU or may indicate the number of IDs (e.g., AS ID or random ID) . The length indication may only be needed if the AIoT ID MAC CE has a variable size.
[0159] If the feedback indication is for success only or failure only, the information described above may be sufficient. If the feedback indication is for success and failure indication for one AIoT device, an additional bit may be included in MAC header to indicate whether it is for success or failure. If the feedback targets multiple AIoT devices, one bit will be added to indicate success or failure for each of the targeted devices. According to certain aspects, such feedback may be indicated via L1 control signaling. Example Operations
[0160] FIG. 20 shows an example of a method 2000 of wireless communications at a first wireless node. In some examples, the first wireless node is a user equipment, such as a UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3. In some examples, the first wireless node is a network entity, such as a BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0161] Method 2000 begins at step 2005 with obtaining a message from a second wireless node, wherein the message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for obtaining and / or code for obtaining as described with reference to FIG. 22.
[0162] Method 2000 then proceeds to step 2010 with processing the message in accordance with the control information to obtain the data portion. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for processing and / or code for processing as described with reference to FIG. 22.
[0163] In some aspects, the message is obtained via a physical channel transmission; and the control information lacks a transport block size (TBS) associated with the physical channel transmission.
[0164] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a paging ID, or a transaction ID.
[0165] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the resource allocation; or a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation.
[0166] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID; a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; or a MAC header that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID.
[0167] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID and a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; or a single MAC SDU that conveys both the paging ID and the data portion.
[0168] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one MAC header that indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a length of at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the AS ID, a presence or absence of the resource allocation in the MAC PDU, a presence or absence of the paging ID in the MAC PDU, the transaction ID, or information regarding bits output from the first wireless node and successfully obtained by the second wireless node.
[0169] In some aspects, the at least one MAC header comprises at least two MAC subheaders that are associated with at least two MAC subPDUs.
[0170] In some aspects, a first of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID; and a first of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the first MAC subPDU indicates a length of the first MAC SDU.
[0171] In some aspects, a second of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; and a second of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the second MAC subPDU indicates a length of the second MAC SDU.
[0172] In some aspects, the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the control information; and the method further comprises obtaining a second portion of the control information via physical layer control information, and processing the message in accordance with the first portion of the control information and the second portion of the control information.
[0173] In some aspects, the second portion of control information indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a transaction identifier (ID) , an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a length or duration of a physical channel conveying the message, a transport block size (TBS) , or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0174] In some aspects, the message further includes an indication of feedback regarding reception, by the second wireless node, of a message from the first wireless node.
[0175] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes the feedback and an indication of at least one of: an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, a transaction ID associated with the message from the first wireless node, a random ID, or a type of the message from the first wireless node.
[0176] In some aspects, the feedback is indicated via physical layer control information for the message.
[0177] In one aspect, method 2000, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 2200 of FIG. 22, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 2000. Communications device 2200 is described below in further detail.
[0178] Note that FIG. 20 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0179] FIG. 21 shows an example of a method 2100 of wireless communication at a second wireless node. In some examples, the second wireless node is a user equipment, such as a UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3. In some examples, the second wireless node is a network entity, such as a BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0180] Method 2100 begins at step 2105 with generating a message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for generating and / or code for generating as described with reference to FIG. 22.
[0181] Method 2100 then proceeds to step 2110 with outputting the message to a first wireless node. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for outputting and / or code for outputting as described with reference to FIG. 22.
[0182] In some aspects, the message is output via a physical channel transmission; and the control information lacks a transport block size (TBS) associated with the physical channel transmission.
[0183] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a paging ID, or a transaction ID.
[0184] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the resource allocation; or a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation.
[0185] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID; a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; or a MAC header that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID.
[0186] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID and a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; or a single MAC SDU that conveys both the paging ID and the data portion.
[0187] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes at least one MAC header that indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a length of at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the AS ID, a presence or absence of the resource allocation in the MAC PDU, a presence or absence of the paging ID in the MAC PDU, the transaction ID, or information regarding bits output from the first wireless node and successfully obtained by the second wireless node.
[0188] In some aspects, the at least one MAC header comprises at least two MAC subheaders that are associated with at least two MAC subPDUs.
[0189] In some aspects, a first of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID; and a first of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the first MAC subPDU indicates a length of the first MAC SDU.
[0190] In some aspects, a second of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; and a second of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the second MAC subPDU indicates a length of the second MAC SDU.
[0191] In some aspects, the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the control information; and the method further comprises outputting a second portion of the control information via physical layer control information.
[0192] In some aspects, the second portion of control information indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a transaction identifier (ID) , an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a length or duration of a physical channel conveying the message, a transport block size (TBS) , or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0193] In some aspects, the message further includes an indication of feedback regarding reception, by the second wireless node, of a message from the first wireless node.
[0194] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes the feedback and an indication of at least one of: an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, a transaction ID associated with the message from the first wireless node, a random ID, or a type of the message from the first wireless node.
[0195] In some aspects, the feedback is indicated via physical layer control information for the message.
[0196] In one aspect, method 2100, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 2200 of FIG. 22, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 2100. Communications device 2200 is described below in further detail.
[0197] Note that FIG. 21 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with this disclosure. Example Communications Device (s)
[0198] FIG. 22 depicts aspects of an example communications device 2200. In some aspects, communications device 2200 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3. In some aspects, communications device 2200 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0199] The communications device 2200 includes a processing system 2205 coupled to the transceiver 2265 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . In some aspects (e.g., when communications device 2200 is a network entity) , processing system 2205 may be coupled to a network interface 2275 that is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 2200 via communication link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The transceiver 2265 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 2200 via the antenna 2270, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 2205 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 2200, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 2200.
[0200] The processing system 2205 includes one or more processors 2210. In various aspects, the one or more processors 2210 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. In various aspects, one or more processors 2210 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 2210 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 2235 via a bus 2260. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 2235 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 2210, cause the one or more processors 2210 to perform the method 2000 described with respect to FIG. 20, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2100 described with respect to FIG. 21, or any aspect related to it. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 2200 may include one or more processors 2210 performing that function of communications device 2200.
[0201] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 2235 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) , such as code for obtaining 2240, code for processing 2245, code for generating 2250, and code for outputting 2255. Processing of the code for obtaining 2240, code for processing 2245, code for generating 2250, and code for outputting 2255 may cause the communications device 2200 to perform the method 2000 described with respect to FIG. 20, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2100 described with respect to FIG. 21, or any aspect related to it.
[0202] The one or more processors 2210 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2235, including circuitry for obtaining 2215, circuitry for processing 2220, circuitry for generating 2225, and circuitry for outputting 2230. Processing with circuitry for obtaining 2215, circuitry for processing 2220, circuitry for generating 2225, and circuitry for outputting 2230 may cause the communications device 2200 to perform the method 2000 described with respect to FIG. 20, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2100 described with respect to FIG. 21, or any aspect related to it.
[0203] Various components of the communications device 2200 may provide means for performing the method 2000 described with respect to FIG. 20, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2100 described with respect to FIG. 21, or any aspect related to it. For example, means for transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include transceivers 354 and / or antenna (s) 352 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, and / or the transceiver 2265 and the antenna 2270 of the communications device 2200 in FIG. 22. Means for receiving or obtaining may include transceivers 354 and / or antenna (s) 352 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, and / or the transceiver 2265 and the antenna 2270 of the communications device 2200 in FIG. 22. Example Clauses
[0204] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0205] Clause 1: A method for wireless communications at a first wireless node, comprising: obtaining a message from a second wireless node, wherein the message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; and processing the message in accordance with the control information to obtain the data portion.
[0206] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein: the message is obtained via a physical channel transmission; and the control information lacks a transport block size (TBS) associated with the physical channel transmission.
[0207] Clause 3: The method of any one of Clauses 1-2, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a paging ID, or a transaction ID.
[0208] Clause 4: The method of Clause 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the resource allocation; or a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation.
[0209] Clause 5: The method of Clause 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID; a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; or a MAC header that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID.
[0210] Clause 6: The method of Clause 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID and a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; or a single MAC SDU that conveys both the paging ID and the data portion.
[0211] Clause 7: The method of Clause 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one MAC header that indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a length of at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the AS ID, a presence or absence of the resource allocation in the MAC PDU, a presence or absence of the paging ID in the MAC PDU, the transaction ID, or information regarding bits output from the first wireless node and successfully obtained by the second wireless node.
[0212] Clause 8: The method of Clause 7, wherein the at least one MAC header comprises at least two MAC subheaders that are associated with at least two MAC subPDUs.
[0213] Clause 9: The method of Clause 8, wherein: a first of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID; and a first of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the first MAC subPDU indicates a length of the first MAC SDU.
[0214] Clause 10: The method of Clause 8, wherein: a second of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; and a second of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the second MAC subPDU indicates a length of the second MAC SDU.
[0215] Clause 11: The method of any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein: the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the control information; and the method further comprises obtaining a second portion of the control information via physical layer control information, and processing the message in accordance with the first portion of the control information and the second portion of the control information.
[0216] Clause 12: The method of Clause 11, wherein the second portion of control information indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a transaction identifier (ID) , an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a length or duration of a physical channel conveying the message, a transport block size (TBS) , or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0217] Clause 13: The method of any one of Clauses 1-12, wherein the message further includes an indication of feedback regarding reception, by the second wireless node, of a message from the first wireless node.
[0218] Clause 14: The method of Clause 13, wherein the MAC PDU includes the feedback and an indication of at least one of: an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, a transaction ID associated with the message from the first wireless node, a random ID, or a type of the message from the first wireless node.
[0219] Clause 15: The method of Clause 13, wherein the feedback is indicated via physical layer control information for the message.
[0220] Clause 16: A method for wireless communication at a second wireless node, comprising: generating a message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; and outputting the message to a first wireless node.
[0221] Clause 17: The method of Clause 16, wherein: the message is output via a physical channel transmission; and the control information lacks a transport block size (TBS) associated with the physical channel transmission.
[0222] Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 16-17, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a paging ID, or a transaction ID.
[0223] Clause 19: The method of Clause 18, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the resource allocation; or a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation.
[0224] Clause 20: The method of Clause 18, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID; a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; or a MAC header that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID.
[0225] Clause 21: The method of Clause 18, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of: a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID and a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; or a single MAC SDU that conveys both the paging ID and the data portion.
[0226] Clause 22: The method of Clause 18, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one MAC header that indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a length of at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the AS ID, a presence or absence of the resource allocation in the MAC PDU, a presence or absence of the paging ID in the MAC PDU, the transaction ID, or information regarding bits output from the first wireless node and successfully obtained by the second wireless node.
[0227] Clause 23: The method of Clause 22, wherein the at least one MAC header comprises at least two MAC subheaders that are associated with at least two MAC subPDUs.
[0228] Clause 24: The method of Clause 23, wherein: a first of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID; and a first of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the first MAC subPDU indicates a length of the first MAC SDU.
[0229] Clause 25: The method of Clause 23, wherein: a second of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; and a second of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the second MAC subPDU indicates a length of the second MAC SDU.
[0230] Clause 26: The method of any one of Clauses 16-25, wherein: the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the control information; and the method further comprises outputting a second portion of the control information via physical layer control information.
[0231] Clause 27: The method of Clause 26, wherein the second portion of control information indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a transaction identifier (ID) , an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a length or duration of a physical channel conveying the message, a transport block size (TBS) , or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0232] Clause 28: The method of any one of Clauses 16-27, wherein the message further includes an indication of feedback regarding reception, by the second wireless node, of a message from the first wireless node.
[0233] Clause 29: The method of Clause 28, wherein the MAC PDU includes the feedback and an indication of at least one of: an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the first wireless node, a transaction ID associated with the message from the first wireless node, a random ID, or a type of the message from the first wireless node.
[0234] Clause 30: The method of Clause 28, wherein the feedback is indicated via physical layer control information for the message.
[0235] Clause 31: An apparatus, comprising: at least one memory comprising executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-30.
[0236] Clause 32: An apparatus, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-30.
[0237] Clause 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-30.
[0238] Clause 34: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-30.
[0239] Clause 35: A first wireless node (e.g., an AIoT device) , comprising: at least one transceiver, at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-15, wherein the at least one transceiver configured to receive the message.
[0240] Clause 36: A second wireless node (e.g., a reader device) , comprising: at least one transceiver, at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 16-30, wherein the at least one transceiver configured to transmit the message. Additional Considerations
[0241] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0242] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0243] As used herein, “a processor, ” “at least one processor” or “one or more processors” generally refers to a single processor configured to perform one or multiple operations or multiple processors configured to collectively perform one or more operations. In the case of multiple processors, performance of the one or more operations could be divided amongst different processors, though one processor may perform multiple operations, and multiple processors could collectively perform a single operation. Similarly, “a memory, ” “at least one memory” or “one or more memories” generally refers to a single memory configured to store data and / or instructions, multiple memories configured to collectively store data and / or instructions.
[0244] In some cases, rather than actually transmitting a signal, an apparatus (e.g., a wireless node or device) may have an interface to output the signal for transmission. For example, a processor may output a signal, via a bus interface, to a radio frequency (RF) front end for transmission. Accordingly, a means for outputting may include such an interface as an alternative (or in addition) to a transmitter or transceiver. Similarly, rather than actually receiving a signal, an apparatus (e.g., a wireless node or device) may have an interface to obtain a signal from another device. For example, a processor may obtain (or receive) a signal, via a bus interface, from an RF front end for reception. Accordingly, a means for obtaining may include such an interface as an alternative (or in addition) to a receiver or transceiver.
[0245] While the present disclosure may describe certain operations as being performed by one type of wireless node, the same or similar operations may also be performed by another type of wireless node. For example, operations performed by a user equipment (UE) may also (or instead) be performed by a network entity (e.g., a base station or unit of a disaggregated base station) . Similarly, operations performed by a network entity may also (or instead) be performed by a UE.
[0246] Further, while the present disclosure may describe certain types of communications between different types of wireless nodes (e.g., between a network entity and a UE) , the same or similar types of communications may occur between same types of wireless nodes (e.g., between network entities or between UEs, in a peer-to-peer scenario) . Further, communications may occur in reverse order than described.
[0247] Means for obtaining, means for processing, means for generating, and means for outputting may comprise one or more processors, such as one or more of the processors described above with reference to FIG. 22.
[0248] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0249] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0250] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0251] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within a claim, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112 (f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” . All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:obtain a message from a wireless node, wherein the message includes:a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, anda data portion; andprocess the message in accordance with the control information to obtain the data portion.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the message is obtained via a physical channel transmission; andthe control information lacks a transport block size (TBS) associated with the physical channel transmission.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the apparatus, resource allocation for a response to the message, a paging ID, or a transaction ID.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of:a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation;a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the resource allocation; ora MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of:a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID;a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID;a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; ora MAC header that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of:a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID and a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; ora single MAC SDU that conveys both the paging ID and the data portion.7.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one MAC header that indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a length of at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the AS ID, a presence or absence of the resource allocation in the MAC PDU, a presence or absence of the paging ID in the MAC PDU, the transaction ID, or information regarding bits output from the apparatus and successfully obtained by the wireless node.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one MAC header comprises at least two MAC subheaders that are associated with at least two MAC subPDUs.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:a first of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID; anda first of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the first MAC subPDU indicates a length of the first MAC SDU.10.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein:a second of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; anda second of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the second MAC subPDU indicates a length of the second MAC SDU.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the control information; andthe one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus toobtain a second portion of the control information via physical layer control information, andprocess the message in accordance with the first portion of the control information and the second portion of the control information.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second portion of control information indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a transaction identifier (ID) , an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the apparatus, resource allocation for a response to the message, a length or duration of a physical channel conveying the message, a transport block size (TBS) , or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the message further includes an indication of feedback regarding reception, by the wireless node, of a message from the apparatus.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the MAC PDU includes the feedback and an indication of at least one of:an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the apparatus, a transaction ID associated with the message from the apparatus, a random ID, or a type of the message from the apparatus.15.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the feedback is indicated via physical layer control information for the message.16.The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one transceiver configured to receive the message, wherein the apparatus is configured as an ambient internet of things (AIoT) device.17.An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:generate a message that includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; andoutput the message to a wireless node.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein:the message is output via a physical channel transmission; andthe control information lacks a transport block size (TBS) associated with the physical channel transmission.19.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a paging ID, or a transaction ID.20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of:a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation;a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the resource allocation; ora MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the resource allocation.21.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of:a first MAC control element (MAC CE) that conveys the AS ID and a second MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID;a single MAC CE that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID;a MAC header that conveys the AS ID and a MAC CE that conveys the transaction ID; ora MAC header that conveys both the AS ID and the transaction ID.22.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one of:a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID and a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; ora single MAC SDU that conveys both the paging ID and the data portion.23.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the MAC PDU includes at least one MAC header that indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a length of at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the AS ID, a presence or absence of the resource allocation in the MAC PDU, a presence or absence of the paging ID in the MAC PDU, the transaction ID, or information regarding bits output from the wireless node and successfully obtained by the apparatus.24.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the at least one MAC header comprises at least two MAC subheaders that are associated with at least two MAC subPDUs.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein:a first of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a first MAC service data unit (SDU) that conveys the paging ID; anda first of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the first MAC subPDU indicates a length of the first MAC SDU.26.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein:a second of the at least two MAC subPDUs includes a second MAC SDU that conveys the data portion; anda second of the at least two MAC subheaders that is associated with the second MAC subPDU indicates a length of the second MAC SDU.27.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein:the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the control information; andthe one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to output a second portion of the control information via physical layer control information.28.The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the second portion of control information indicates at least one of: a type of the message, a transaction identifier (ID) , an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the wireless node, resource allocation for a response to the message, a length or duration of a physical channel conveying the message, a transport block size (TBS) , or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .29.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the message further includes an indication of feedback regarding reception, by the apparatus, of a message from the wireless node.30.The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the MAC PDU includes the feedback and an indication of at least one of:an access stratum (AS) identifier (ID) associated with the wireless node, a transaction ID associated with the message from the wireless node, a random ID, or a type of the message from the wireless node.31.The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the feedback is indicated via physical layer control information for the message.32.The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising at least one transceiver configured to transmit the message, wherein the apparatus is configured as a reader device.33.A method for wireless communications at a first wireless node, comprising:obtaining a message from a second wireless node, wherein the message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; andprocessing the message in accordance with the control information to obtain the data portion.34.A method for wireless communication at a second wireless node, comprising:generating a message includes: a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) that conveys control information, and a data portion; andoutputting the message to a first wireless node.