Dynamic inclusion of cyclic redundancy checks in messages
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085319
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure CN2025085319_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DYNAMIC INCLUSION OF CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECKS IN MESSAGESFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with dynamic inclusion of cyclic redundancy checks in messages. INTRODUCTION
[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services, which may involve carrying or supporting voice, text, other messaging, video, data, or other traffic. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication among multiple wireless communication devices including user devices or other devices by sharing the available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, or device transmit power, among other examples) . Such multiple-access RATs are supported by technological advancements that have been adopted in various telecommunication standards, which define common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a local, municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which also may be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . As the demand for connectivity continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other RATs, such as 6G and beyond, may be introduced to enable new applications and facilitate new use cases.
[0003] In some wireless communication networks, a network entity (which may also be referred to as a reader device) may communicate with an ambient Intelligence of Things (A-IoT) device. For example, the network entity may transmit a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) message to the A-IoT device. Additionally, the network entity may receive a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) message from the A-IoT device.SUMMARY
[0004] Some aspects described herein relate to a method. The method may include determining whether a message includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) message or a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) message. The method may include communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0005] Some aspects described herein relate to a method. The method may include transmitting information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The method may include communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a network entity. The network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to determine whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The processing system may be configured to communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a network entity. The network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to transmit information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The processing system may be configured to communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. The code, when executed by a network entity, may cause the network entity to one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network entity, cause the network entity, determine whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, where the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. The code, when executed by a network entity, may cause the network entity to one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a network entity, cause the network entity, transmit information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, where the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for determining whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The apparatus may include means for communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The apparatus may include means for communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0012] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0013] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0014] The foregoing broadly outlines example features and example technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure. Additional example features and example advantages are described hereinafter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example environment in which apparatuses or methods described herein may be implemented.
[0016] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network.
[0017] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture.
[0018] Figs. 4A, 4B, and 4C are diagrams illustrating examples, respectively, associated with different types of ambient Intelligence of Things (A-IoT) devices.
[0019] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating examples of topologies for A-IoT devices.
[0020] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission.
[0021] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an access procedure for A-IoT devices.
[0022] Figs. 8 and 9 are diagrams illustrating examples associated with a dynamic inclusion of cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs) .
[0023] Figs. 10A and 10B illustrate examples CRC indications associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs.
[0024] Figs. 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating example processes performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity.
[0025] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In some wireless communication networks, a network entity (which may also be referred to as a reader device) may communicate with an ambient Intelligence of Things (A-IoT) device. For example, the network entity may transmit a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) message to the A-IoT device. Additionally, the network entity may receive a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) message from the A-IoT device. In some cases, a network entity or an A-IoT device may include a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) within a PRDCH message or PDRCH message, which may improve a reliability of the message. For example, messages that have a payload size that satisfy a threshold (e.g., that is greater than or equal to the threshold) may include CRCs, while messages that have a payload size that fail to satisfy the threshold (e.g., that is smaller than the threshold) may not include CRCs.
[0027] But determining whether to attach a CRC to PDRCH or PRDCH messages based on a static threshold associated with a payload size may not adequately address the dynamic nature of wireless communication environments, where the conditions affecting transmission reliability may change rapidly and unpredictably. That is, the application of CRC being dictated by predefined payload size thresholds may result in the CRC being attached or omitted based on the length of the payload, regardless of the actual channel conditions or message importance.
[0028] Various aspects relate generally to enhancing communication reliability in wireless communication networks by dynamically determining whether to include CRC in PRDCH and PDRCH messages. In one example, a network entity may determine whether to include the CRC in the PRDCH or PDRCH message based on a configuration of the message. For example, the network entity may determine whether to include the CRC based on a type of the message, a quantity of on-off keying (OOK) chips per symbol for the message, a data rate of the message, an OOK chip duration for the message, a resource duration for the message, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) configuration for the message, or a time division multiplexing (TDM) configuration for the message. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may dynamically indicate whether a PRDCH or PDRCH message is to include a CRC. For example, the network entity may transmit (e.g., via a PRDCH message) information indicating whether a message (e.g., a PRDCH message, a PDRCH message) includes the CRC. Accordingly, the network entity may dynamically configure messages to include a CRC based on channel conditions or the configuration of the PRDCH or PDRCH messages.
[0029] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. By dynamically determining CRC inclusion, the described techniques may improve a reliability of PDRCH and PRDCH messages without unnecessarily increasing an overhead associated with the PDRCH and PRDCH messages. That is, the dynamic inclusion of the CRC may reduce unnecessary CRC overhead if a reliability of the message is already high (e.g., if channel conditions are relatively reliable, if a configuration of the message improves a reliability of the message without the CRC) . Additionally, the dynamic inclusion of the CRC may improve the reliability of the message if a signal quality associated with communications via the PDRCH or the PRDCH is poor or if a configuration of the PDRCH or PRDCH message is not associated with high reliability.
[0030] This disclosure may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the example concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated example advantages, are described in the following description and in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0031] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, or system-level components. Devices incorporating described example aspects and example features may include additional example components and example features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, or summers) . Aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
[0032] 5G New Radio (NR) may support enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, Internet of Things (IoT) networks or reduced capability (RedCap) device deployments, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) applications, or massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , among other examples. To support these and other target verticals, a wireless communication system may be designed to implement a modularized functional infrastructure, a disaggregated and service-based network architecture, network function virtualization, network slicing, multi-access edge computing, millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies including massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , beamforming, IoT device or RedCap device connectivity and management, industrial connectivity, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , frequency spectrum expansion, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication (for example, sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) ) , multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, RF sensing, network energy savings (NES) , low-power signaling and radios, or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples.
[0033] The foregoing and other technological improvements may support use cases, such as wireless fronthauls, wireless midhauls, wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial or aerial platforms, among other examples.
[0034] The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies or new technologies or support one or more of the foregoing use cases or new use cases.
[0035] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example environment 100 in which apparatuses or methods described herein may be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1, the environment 100 may include a network entity 102, a network entity 104, and a network entity 106, that may communicate with one another via a network 108. The network entities 102, 104, and 106, may be dispersed throughout the network 108, and each network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be stationary or mobile. The network 108 may include wired communication connections, wireless communication connections, or a combination of wired and wireless communication connections.
[0036] The network 108 may include, for example, a cellular network (e.g., a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network, a 4G network, a 5G network, a 6G network, or another type of next generation network) , a public land mobile network (PLMN) , a local area network (LAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN) , a telephone network (e.g., the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ) , a private network, an ad hoc network, an intranet, the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, a cloud computing network, or the like, or a combination of these or other types of networks. The network 108 may include a wireless communication network 200, described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0037] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 108. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating or operating in the network. A network entity may include a network node 210 or a UE 220, described in more detail in connection with Fig. 2.
[0038] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0039] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, “first network entity” may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and “second network entity” may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, or a second processing entity, among other examples.
[0040] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0041] As shown, the network entity 102 may include a processing system 110. Similarly, the network entity 106 may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system including one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. A processing system (which may include the processing system 110 and the processing system 112) is described in more detail in connection with Fig. 2, such as in connection with processing system 240 and processing system 245.
[0042] As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0043] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0044] For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the processing system 110 may include a (e.g., one or more) communication manager 114 and one or more communication interfaces 116. The communication manager 114 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, the communication manager 114 may direct the communication interface 120 or the processing system 110 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Similarly, the processing system 112 may include a (e.g., one or more) communication manager 118 and one or more communication interfaces 120. The communication manager 118 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, the processing system 112 or the communication manager 118 may direct the communication interface 120 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Although depicted, for clarity of description, with reference only to the network entities 102 and 104, any one or more of the network entities 102, 104, and 106 also may include a communication manager and a communication interface.
[0045] As used herein, “communication interface” refers to an interface that enables communication (e.g., wireless communication, wired communication, or a combination thereof) between a first network entity and a second network entity. A communication interface may include electronic circuitry that enables a network entity to transmit, receive, or otherwise perform the communication. A communication interface may be, be similar to, include, or be included in one or more components that are configured to enable communication between the first network entity and the second network entity. For example, a communication interface may include a transmission component, a reception component, or a transceiver, among other examples. For example, a communication interface may include one or more transceivers, one or more receivers, or one or more transmitters configured to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more RF components, an RF front end, one or more antennas, one or more transmit or receive processors, a demodulation component, or a modulation component, among other examples.
[0046] A communication interface may include a transmission component or a reception component. For example, a communication interface may include a transceiver or one or more separate receivers or transmitters that enable a network entity to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more radio frequency reflective elements or one or more radio frequency refractive elements. The communication interface may enable the network entity to receive information from another apparatus or provide information to another apparatus. In some examples, the communication interface may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, an RF interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, a wireless modem, an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) , or a serial peripheral interface (SPI) , among other examples.
[0047] As described herein, a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102 or the network entity 106) may be configured to perform one or more operations. Reference to a network entity being configured to perform one or more operations may refer to a processing system of the network entity being configured to perform the one or more operations or the processing system being configured to cause one or more components of the network entity to perform the one or more operations. For example, reference to the processing system being configured to perform one or more operations may refer to one or more components (or subcomponents) of the processing system performing the one or more operations. For example, the one or more components of the processing system may include at least one memory, at least one processor, or at least one communication interface, among other examples, that are configured to perform one or more (or all) of the one or more operations, or any combination thereof. Where reference is made to the network entity or the processing system being configured to perform operations, the network entity or the processing system may be configured to cause one component to perform all operations, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the operations. When the network entity or the processing system is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the operations, each operation need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different operations may be performed by different components) or each operation need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of an operation) .
[0048] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 102 may (e.g., the processing system 110 may, or the processing system 110 may cause the communication manager 114 or the communication interface 116 to) determine whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 102 or the communication manager 114 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0049] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 102 may (e.g., the processing system 110 may, or the processing system 110 may cause the communication manager 114 or the communication interface 116 to) transmit information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 102 or the communication manager 114 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0050] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 106 may (e.g., the processing system 112 may, or the processing system 112 may cause the communication manager 118 or the communication interface 120 to) receive information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 106 or the communication manager 118 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0051] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 106 may (e.g., the processing system 112 may, or the processing system 112 may cause the communication manager 118 or the communication interface 120 to) receive information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 106 or the communication manager 118 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0052] The number and arrangement of entities shown in Fig. 1 are provided as one or more examples. In practice, there may be additional network entities or networks, fewer network entities or networks, different network entities or networks, or differently arranged network entities or networks than those shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, the network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be implemented using a single apparatus or multiple apparatuses.
[0053] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 200. The wireless communication network 200 may be or may include elements of a 5G network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 200 may include multiple network nodes 210. For example, in Fig. 2, the wireless communication network 200 includes multiple network nodes 210, including a network node 210a and a network node 210b (each of which also may be referred to herein simply as a “network node 210” ) . The network nodes 210 may support communications with multiple UEs 220. For example, in Fig. 2, the network nodes 210 support communication with a UE 220a, a UE 220b, and a UE 220c (each of which also may be referred to herein simply as a “UE 220” ) . In some examples, a UE 220 also may communicate with other UEs 220 and a network node 210 also may communicate with a core network and with other network nodes 210. A network node 210 and a UE 220 may be examples of a network entity described herein, such as the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106.
[0054] The network nodes 210 and the UEs 220 of the wireless communication network 200 communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various licensed or unlicensed operating bands, frequency ranges, component carriers, or channels that define associated frequencies available for communications. In some examples, each of the network nodes 210 and the UEs 220 may communicate using one or multiple component carriers in one or more operating bands or ranges. Typically, various operating bands are defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles.
[0055] A network node 210 or a UE 220 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication with other devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 200. For example, a UE 220 and a network node 210 may each include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. As shown in Fig. 2, each UE 220 includes a processing system 240 and each network node 210 includes a processing system 245. A processing system (for example, the processing system 240 or the processing system 245) includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “processor” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . Such processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set. In some other examples, each of a group of processors may be configurable or configured to perform a same set of functions.
[0056] The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 may each include memory circuitry in the form of one or multiple memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements, or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include or implement tangible storage media, such as random-access memory, or read-only memory, or combinations thereof (any one or more of which may be generally referred to herein individually as a “memory” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors. One or more of the memories may individually or collectively store processor-executable code or instructions (such as software) (for example, which may be referred to as “one or more code-storing memories” or “code-storing memory circuitry” ) . For example, “code-storing memory” or “code-storing memory circuitry” refers to memory (or memory circuitry) that is configured to store processor-executable code or instructions. The processor-executable code or instructions, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors (or processing circuitry) to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be configured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0057] The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 may each include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a cellular (for example, a 5G or 6G compliant) modem) . In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 240 or the processing system 245 may include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system 240 and the processing system 245 also may include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some examples, one or more processors of the processing system 240 or the processing system 245 may include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains, or transceivers. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by the processing system 240 or by the processing system 245) .
[0058] A network node 210 and a UE 220 may each include one or multiple antennas or antenna arrays. Typical network nodes 210 and UEs 220 may include multiple antennas, which may be organized or structured into one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. As used herein, the term “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. The term “antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters associated with the group of antennas. The term “antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas as well as one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device, such as the network node 210 and the UE 220.
[0059] A network node 210 may be, may include, or also may be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) . In various deployments, a network node 210 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 210 may be a device or system that implements a part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 210 may be an aggregated network node having an aggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 210 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single physical structure in the wireless communication network 200. For example, an aggregated network node 210 may include a single standalone base station or a single TRP that operates with a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 220 and a core network of the wireless communication network 200.
[0060] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 210 may be a disaggregated network node 210 (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , having a disaggregated architecture, meaning that the network node 210 may operate with a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 210 may be used in an IAB network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating network functionality into multiple units or modules that can be individually deployed.
[0061] The disaggregated network nodes 210 of the wireless communication network 200 may include one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and one or more RUs. A CU may host one or more higher layers, such as a radio resource control (RRC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host a lower PHY layer that is configured to perform functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (IFFT) , beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, among other examples. An RU may perform RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an IFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer split (LLS) . In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 220. In some examples, a single network node 210 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples, which may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as in a cloud deployment.
[0062] In some examples, the wireless communication network 200 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 210 of various types. Different types of network nodes 210 may generally operate on the same or different operating bands, transmit at different power levels, or serve different coverage areas, each of which may be referred to as or associated with a particular cell 230 (for example, a cell 230a and a cell 230b) .
[0063] The UEs 220 may be physically dispersed throughout the coverage area of the wireless communication network 200, and each UE 220 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 220 may be, may include, or also may be referred to as an access terminal, a mobile station, a client device, or a subscriber unit. A UE 220 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, or smart jewelry) , a gaming device, an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , an artificially intelligent robot or other device implementing artificial intelligence, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device or function that may communicate in the wireless communication network 200.
[0064] Some UEs 220 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities or different capabilities. UEs 220 in a first category may be associated with relatively low complexity or cost such as NB-IoT devices or eMTC UEs. UEs 220 in a second category may include higher complexity or cost devices, such as mission-critical IoT devices, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 200. A third category of UEs 220 may have mid-tier complexity or capabilities (for example, capabilities between that of the UEs 220 of the first category and the UEs 220 of the second category) . A UE 220 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capability UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples.
[0065] Some IoT devices, such as A-IoT devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. A-IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as NR passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate a reflecting radio signal from an RF source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as semi-passive IoT devices. At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as active IoT devices. An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of A-IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.
[0066] In some examples, an A-IoT device 270 may communicate signaling with a reader device 275. As used herein, “reader” device may refer to a device that may initiate communications with the one or more A-IoT devices 270, for example, by transmitting a message (e.g., a trigger message, a paging message, an inventory trigger message, a command trigger message, or a Msg. 0 communication) to cause the A-IoT device 270 to transmit a response message or perform an action, which may be associated with one or more services of the A-IoT device 270. The reader device 275 may be a network node 210 or a UE 220. As an example, the reader device 275 may request a service from the A-IoT device 270 by transmitting a message (e.g., a trigger message, a paging message) requesting the service from the A-IoT device 270. Requesting a service from the A-IoT device may refer to requesting transmission of one or more messages from the A-IoT device 270 (e.g., sensing reports, positioning reports) , requesting information stored at the A-IoT device 270 (e.g., inventory services) , requesting to initiate communications with the A-IoT device 270, or requesting for the A-IoT device 270 to perform an action (e.g., a task or function, such as sensing, reading or writing data to a memory of the A-IoT device, obtaining or reporting location data, updating an inventory associated with the A-IoT device) , or cause an action to be performed (e.g., internal or external to the A-IoT device) , among other examples. Accordingly, the A-IoT device 270 may provide such service based on receiving the message from the reader device.
[0067] In some examples, a network node 210 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 220 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 210 to a UE 220, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 220 to a network node 210. Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (for example, frames, subframes, slots, and symbols) , frequency domain resources (for example, frequency bands, component carriers (CCs) , subcarriers, resource blocks, and resource elements) , and spatial domain resources (for example, particular transmit directions or beams) .
[0068] Frequency domain resources may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous set of resource blocks (RBs) within a full component carrier bandwidth) that may be configured at a UE-specific level. A UE 220 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (which may be the same or different) . Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A BWP may be dynamically configured or activated (for example, by a network node 210 transmitting a downlink control information (DCI) configuration to the one or more UEs 220) or reconfigured (for example, in real-time or near-real-time) according to changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 200 or specific requirements of one or more UEs 220. An active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 220 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell.
[0069] As used herein, a downlink signal may be or include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, downlink reference signals include a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary SS (SSS) , an SS block (SSB) (for example, that includes a PSS, an SSS, and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) , a tracking reference signal (TRS) , and a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , among other examples. A downlink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via a downlink channel. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Downlink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, downlink control channel communications or downlink data channel communications. A downlink control channel may be specifically used to transmit DCI from a network node 210 to a UE 220. DCI generally contains the information the UE 220 needs to identify RBs in a subsequent subframe and how to decode them, including a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) or redundancy version parameters. Different DCI formats carry different information, such as scheduling information in the form of downlink or uplink grants, slot format indicators (SFIs) , preemption indicators (PIs) , transmit power control (TPC) commands, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) information, new data indicators (NDIs) , among other examples. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 220) from a network node 210 to a UE 220. Downlink control channels may include physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PDCCH and PDSCH, respectively. For example, a PDCCH can carry DCI, while a PDSCH can carry a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. Each PDSCH may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data.
[0070] As used herein, an uplink signal may include a reference signal, control information, or data. For example, uplink reference signals include a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a PTRS, and a DMRS, among other examples. An uplink signal carrying control information or data may be transmitted via an uplink channel. An uplink channel may include one or more control channels for transmitting control information and one or more data channels for transmitting data. Uplink reference signals may be transmitted in addition to, or multiplexed with, uplink control channel communications or uplink data channel communications. An uplink control channel may be specifically used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) from a UE 220 to a network node 210. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 220) from a UE 220 to a network node 210. Uplink control channels may include physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . Control information or data communications may be transmitted on a PUCCH and PUSCH, respectively. For example, a PUCCH can carry UCI, while a PUSCH can carry a MAC-CE, an RRC message, or user data, among other examples. UCI can include a scheduling request (SR) , HARQ feedback information (for example, a HARQ acknowledgement (ACK) indication or a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) indication) , uplink power control information (for example, an uplink TPC parameter) , or CSI, among other examples. CSI can include a channel quality indicator (CQI) (indicative of downlink channel conditions to facilitate selection of transmission parameters, such as an MCS, by a network node 210) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit a CSI-RS) , an SS / PBCH resource block indicator (SSBRI) (for example, indicative of a beam used to transmit an SSB) , a layer indicator (LI) , a rank indicator (RI) , or measurement information (for example, a layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, among other examples) which can be used for beam management, among other examples. Each PUSCH may carry one or more TBs of data.
[0071] The information (for example, data, control information, or reference signal information) transmitted by a network node 210 to a UE 220, or vice versa, may be represented as a sequence of binary bits that are mapped (for example, modulated) to an analog signal waveform (for example, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) -spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform or a CP-OFDM waveform) that is transmitted by the network node 210 or UE 220 over a wireless communication channel. In some examples, the network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively) may select an MCS (for example, an order of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) , such as 64-QAM, 128-QAM, or 256-QAM, among other examples) for a downlink signal or an uplink signal. For example, the network node 210 may select an MCS for a downlink signal in accordance with UCI received from the UE 220 or may transmit, to the UE 220, an indication of an MCS to be applied for an uplink signal.
[0072] A network node 210 or a UE 220 (such as by using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing on the information (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, an IFFT operation, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) to generate a processed signal in accordance with the selected MCS. In some examples, the network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, or one or more coupled encoders or modems) may perform a channel coding operation or a forward error correction (FEC) operation to control errors in transmitted information. For example, the network node 210 or the UE 220 may perform an encoding operation to generate encoded information (such as by selectively introducing redundancy into the information, typically using an error correction code (ECC) , such as a polar code or a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) . The network node 210 or the UE 220 (for example, using the processing system 245 or one or more modems) may further perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the encoded information to generate one or more processed or precoded signals for downlink or uplink transmission, respectively. In some examples, the network node 210a or the UE 220a may perform codebook-based precoding or non-codebook-based precoding. Codebook-based precoding may involve selecting a precoder (for example, a precoding matrix) using a codebook. For example, the network node 210a may provide precoding information indicating which precoder, defined by the codebook, is to be used by the UE 220a. Non-codebook-based precoding may involve selecting or deriving a precoder based on, or otherwise associated with, one or more downlink or uplink signal measurements. The network node 210a or the UE 220a may transmit the processed downlink or uplink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas.
[0073] The network node 210a or the UE 220a may receive uplink signals or downlink signals, respectively, via one or more antennas. The network node 210a or the UE 220a (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, or one or more coupled modems) may perform signal processing (for example, in accordance with the MCS) on the received uplink or downlink signals, respectively (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, an FFT operation, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , to map the received signal (s) to a sequence of binary bits (for example, received information) that estimates the information transmitted by the network node 210 or the UE 220 via the downlink or uplink signals. The network node 210a or the UE 220a (for example, using the processing system 245 or the processing system 240, respectively, or a coupled decoder or one or more modems) may decode the received information (such as by using an ECC, a decoding operation, or an FEC operation) to detect errors or correct bit errors in the received information to generate decoded information. The decoded information may estimate the information transmitted via the downlink or uplink signals.
[0074] In some examples, a UE 220 and a network node 210 may perform MIMO communication. MIMO communication generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. A network node 210 or a UE 220 may communicate using single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , the latter of which being used by a network node 210 to simultaneously transmit signals to multiple UEs 220. MIMO techniques may involve spatial multiplexing (multi-layer transmission) or beamforming. To implement beamforming, the amplitudes or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating a phase shift, a phase offset, or an amplitude) to generate one or more beams. For example, a network node 210 may generate one or more beams 260a, and a UE 220 may generate one or more beams 260b. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction, a directional reception of a wireless signal from a transmitting device or otherwise in a desired direction, a direction associated with such a directional transmission or directional reception, a set of directional resources associated with a signal transmission or signal reception (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, or a vertical direction) , or a set of parameters or resources associated with one or more aspects of a directional signal, among other examples.
[0075] In some examples, a network node 210 or a UE 220 may implement massive MIMO, which may be associated with an increased (for example, “massive” ) quantity of antennas at the network node 210 or at the UE 220, such as in a network implementing mmWave technology, which enables more precise beamforming or reduced interference. In some examples, the wireless communication network 200 may implement multi-TRP (mTRP) operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0076] The network node 210 and the UE 220 may establish a communication link or beam pair, and otherwise increase reliability, throughput, signal strength, or other signal properties for MIMO communications, by performing beam management operations, such as an initial beam acquisition operation, a beam refinement operation, or a beam recovery operation. For example, an initial beam acquisition operation may involve the network node 210 transmitting signals (for example, SSBs or other signals) via respective beams (for example, of the beams 260 of the network node 210) and the UE 220 receiving and measuring the signal (s) via respective beams of multiple beams (for example, from the beams 260 of the UE 220) to identify a best beam (or beam pair) for communication between the UE 220 and the network node 210. A beam refinement operation may involve a first device (for example, the UE 220 or the network node 210) transmitting signal (s) via a subset of beams (for example, identified based on, or otherwise associated with, measurements reported as part of one or more other beam management operations) . A second device (for example, the network node 210 or the UE 220) may receive the signal (s) via a single beam (for example, to identify the best beam for communication from the subset of beams) . The beam (s) may be identified or defined via one or more spatial parameters, such as a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state or a quasi-co-location (QCL) parameter, among other examples.
[0077] Some aspects and techniques as described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using an artificial intelligence (AI) program (for example, referred to herein as an “AI / ML model” ) , such as a program that includes a machine learning (ML) model or an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The AI / ML model may be deployed at one or more devices 265 (for example, one or more network nodes 210, one or more UEs 220, one or more servers, or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples) . For example, in a deployment in which AI / ML functionality is performed independently at a device 265, sometimes referred to as “overlay AI / ML, ” the AI / ML model (or an instance or portion of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at a UE 220 (for example, by the processing system 240) , a network node 210 (for example, by the processing system 245) , one or more servers, or one or more components of a cloud computing network, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, in a deployment where AI / ML functionality is coordinated between different devices 265, sometimes referred to as “coordinated AI / ML, ” or performed at all device and network layers, sometimes referred to as “native AI / ML, ” the AI / ML model (or an instance of the AI / ML model) may be deployed at multiple devices 265 (for example, a first portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 220 and a second portion of the AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 210) . In other examples of coordinated AI / ML or native AI / ML, a first AI / ML model may be deployed at a UE 220 and a second AI / ML model may be deployed at a network node 210. The AI / ML model (s) may be configured to enhance various aspects of the wireless communication network 200 (for example, to increase privacy, reliability, or efficient use of network bandwidth, or to reduce latency, among other examples) . For example, the AI / ML model (s) may be trained to identify patterns or relationships in data corresponding to the wireless communication network 200, a device, or an air interface, among other examples. The AI / ML model (s) may support operational decisions relating to one or more aspects associated with wireless communications devices, networks, or services.
[0078] Accordingly, in some examples, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI-as-a-Service (for example, an end-to-end AI / ML service via a user plane) for use cases, such as a self-organizing network (SON) , minimization of drive test (MDT) , quality of experience (QoE) , positioning, sensing, predictive mobility, or traffic prediction, among other examples. In some examples, AI-as-a-Service use cases may include measurement collection reporting by a UE 220, device selection criteria (for example, according to a geographical area where measurements are to be collected or UE capabilities to be used to collected measurements) , or reporting configurations (for example, reporting parameters such as location, time, or sensor information, among other examples) . Additionally, or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable AI / ML procedures (for example, RAN-triggered service establishment, configuration, inferencing using UE-side or network-side models, performance monitoring or management, or capability signaling, among other examples) . Additionally, or alternatively, the AI / ML model (s) may enable RAN-based AI / ML services via one or more application program interfaces (APIs) or management interfaces for use cases, such as beam management, radio resource monitoring (RRM) relaxation, mobility prediction, load prediction, network energy savings, or coverage and capacity improvements, among other examples.
[0079] In some aspects, the network entity may include a communication manager 250 or a communication manager 255. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager may determine whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0080] In some aspects, the network entity may include a communication manager 250 or a communication manager 255. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager may transmit information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0081] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated network node architecture 300. One or more components of the example disaggregated network node architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 210) . The disaggregated network node architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a non-real-time (Non-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 or a near-real-time (Near-RT) RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 220 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 220 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0082] Each of the components of the disaggregated network node architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0083] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0084] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0085] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or an O-eNB 380 with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0086] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0087] The network entity 102, the processing system 110 of the network entity 102, the network entity 106, the processing system 112 of the network entity 106, the network node 210, the processing system 245 of the network node 210, the UE 220, the processing system 240 of the UE 220, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1-3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs in messages, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the processing system 110 of the network entity 102, the processing system 112 of the network entity 106, the processing system 245 of the network node 210, the processing system 240 of the UE 220, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . In some aspects, the network entity described herein is the network node 210, is includes in the network node 210, includes one or more components of the network node 210, is the UE 220, is includes in the UE 220, or includes one or more components of the UE 220. Memory of the network node 210 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the network node 210, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. In some examples, the memory of the network node 210 may store data relating to a UE 220, such as RRC state information or a UE context. Memory of a UE 220 may store data and program code (or instructions) for the UE 220, such as context information. In some examples, the memory of the UE 220 or the memory of the network node 210 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication. For example, the set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors (for example, of the processing system 110, the processing system 112, the processing system 245, or the processing system 240) of the network entity 102, the network entity 106, the network node 210, the UE 220, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0088] In some aspects, the network entity includes means for determining whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; or means for communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 250, processing system 240, communication manager 255, processing system 245, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1302 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 13) , or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1304 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 13) , among other examples.
[0089] In some aspects, the network entity includes means for transmitting information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; or means for communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC. In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 255, processing system 245, a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, one or more antennas, one or more modems, a reception component (for example, reception component 1302 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 13) , or a transmission component (for example, transmission component 1304 depicted and described in connection with Fig. 13) , among other examples.
[0090] Figs. 4A, 4B, and 4C are diagrams illustrating examples 400, 410, and 420, respectively, associated with different types of A-IoT devices. The different types of A-IoT devices may be A-IoT devices 270.
[0091] Example 400 illustrates components of a passive A-IoT device. As shown, passive A-IoT devices may include a passive radio 430. For example, the passive radio 430 may be configured to backscatter a carrier wave.
[0092] Example 410 illustrates components of a semi-passive A-IoT device. As shown, semi-passive A-IoT devices may include an energy harvester 440, an energy storage 450, or a low-complexity semi-passive radio 460. For example, the low-complexity semi-passive radio 460 may be configured to harvest energy from a carrier wave using the energy harvester 440, store energy from a carrier wave using the energy storage 450, or backscatter a carrier wave.
[0093] Example 420 illustrates components of an active A-IoT device. As shown, active A-IoT devices may include an energy harvester 440, an energy storage 450, or a low-complexity (for example, low-cost) active radio 470. For example, the low-complexity active radio 470 may be configured to harvest energy from a carrier wave using the energy harvester 440, store energy from a carrier wave using the energy storage 450, or backscatter a carrier wave.
[0094] A-IoT devices may be categorized into at least three types of devices. A first type of A-IoT devices may include at least some passive or semi-passive devices. The first type of A-IoT device may have approximately 1 μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, use an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm (for example, where X can be any suitable value) , and communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided carrier waves. In some examples, the first type of A-IoT devices may be referred to as a device A type or a device 1 type.
[0095] A second type of A-IoT devices may include at least some semi-passive devices. A third type of A-IoT devices may include active devices. Both the second and the third types of A-IoT devices may have less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, and use an initial SFO up to 10X ppm. The second type of A-IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided carrier waves. The third type of A-IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by internally generating the uplink transmission. In some examples, the second type of A-IoT device may be referred to as a device B type or a device 2a type. In some examples, the third type of A-IoT device may be referred to as a device C type or device 2b type.
[0096] In some examples, A-IoT devices that are located indoors may support a maximum distance of 10-50 m, a range which may be sub-selected. In some examples, in Topology 1 (for example, in which an A-IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with one or more network nodes 210) and in Topology 2 (for example, in which an A-IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the A-IoT device and a network node 210) , A-IoT devices may not support RRC states, mobility (for example, cell-selection / re-selection-like functionality) , automatic repeat request (ARQ) , or HARQ.
[0097] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating examples of topologies for A-IoT devices. For example, Fig. 5 shows a first topology 500, a second topology 510, a third topology 520, and a fourth topology 530. These topologies are provided as examples and A-IoT devices may be deployed in a wireless communication network (e.g., the wireless communication network 200) in other topologies in accordance with the aspects and techniques described herein. Fig. 5 shows communication between an A-IoT device 540 (e.g., an A-IoT device similar to the device (s) described in connection with Figs. 4A, 4B, and 4C) and a reader device (for example, a network node 210, an intermediate node 550, an assisting node 560, or a UE 220, depending on the topology) . The topologies depicted in Fig. 5 may be examples of A-IoT systems. For example, the topologies may be deployed in a wireless communication network (e.g., the wireless communication network 200) . In some examples, a reader device (e.g., the reader device 275) may be a network node 210, a UE 220, a relay, an IAB node, or a repeater, among other examples.
[0098] The first topology 500 may be referred to as Topology 1. In Topology 1, the A-IoT device 540 may directly and bidirectionally communicate with one or more network nodes 210. For example, the A-IoT device 540 and the one or more network nodes 210 may communicate A-IoT data or signaling. In some examples, a first network node 210 may transmit communications to the A-IoT device 540 and a second network node 210 may receive communications from the A-IoT device 540. In examples in which the A-IoT device 540 is deployed via the Topology 1, the network node 210 may be referred to as a reader device (e.g., a reader device as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . For example, the Topology 1 may be a network node-based (or gNb-based) reader topology.
[0099] The second topology 510 may be referred to as Topology 2. In Topology 2, the A-IoT device 540 may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node 550 between the A-IoT device 540 and a network node 210. The intermediate node 550 may be any suitable device that is capable of A-IoT-based communication, such as a relay, an IAB node, UE (for example, a UE 220) , a network node (e.g., a network node 210) , or repeater, among other examples. The intermediate node 550 may transfer A-IoT data or signaling between network node 210 and the A-IoT device. In examples in which the A-IoT device 540 is deployed via the Topology 2, the intermediate node 550 may be referred to as a reader device (e.g., a reader device as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . The intermediate node 550 and the network node 210 may communicate via another link, such as an access link, a backhaul link, a midhaul link, a fronthaul link, or another communication link (e.g., and may communicate data or signaling (e.g., control signaling) via the other link) . In some examples, in the Topology 2, the network node 210 may be referred to as a controller, such as a reader controller.
[0100] The third topology 520 may be referred to as Topology 3. In some examples, in Topology 3, the A-IoT device may transmit A-IoT data or signaling to a network node 210 and receive A-IoT data or signaling from an assisting node 560 (e.g., sometimes referred to as Topology 3 with downlink assistance) . Additionally, or alternatively, in Topology 3, the A-IoT device 540 may receive A-IoT data or signaling from the network node 210 and transmit A-IoT data or signaling to the assisting node 560 (e.g., sometimes referred to as Topology 3 with uplink assistance) . The assisting node may be any suitable device that is capable of A-IoT, such as a relay, an IAB node, a UE (for example, a UE 220) , a network node (e.g., a network node 210) , or a repeater, among other examples. In examples in which the A-IoT device 540 is deployed via the Topology 3, both the network node 210 and the assisting node 560 may be referred to as a reader device. The assisting node 560 and the network node 210 may communicate via another link, such as an access link, a backhaul link, a midhaul link, a fronthaul link, or another communication link (e.g., and may communicate data or signaling (e.g., control signaling) via the other link) .
[0101] The fourth topology 530 may be referred to as Topology 4. In Topology 4, the A-IoT device 540 may bidirectionally communicate with a UE (e.g., a UE 220) . For example, the A-IoT device 540 and the UE 220 may communicate A-IoT data or signaling. In examples in which the A-IoT device 540 is deployed via the Topology 4, the UE 220 may be referred to as a reader device.
[0102] A-IoT devices may be deployed in different deployment scenarios in a wireless communication network, such as the wireless communication network 200. The deployment scenarios may be categorized by environments (e.g., an indoor environment or an outdoor environment) of different devices in the deployment scenario. The devices in the different deployment scenarios may communicate using a licensed frequency division duplexing spectrum, a licensed time division duplexing spectrum, or an unlicensed spectrum. An A-IoT device may communicate both device-terminated (DT) traffic and device-originated (DO) traffic in the different deployment scenarios
[0103] A reader device (such as the network node 210, the intermediate node 550, the assisting node 560, or the UE 220) may transmit communications to an A-IoT device 540 via a forward link. Additionally, an A-IoT device 540 may transmit communications to a reader device via a backward link. In one example, the A-IoT device 540 may correspond to a tag (or another radio frequency identification (RFID) device) . Here, the forward link may carry communications via a carrier wave, and the backward link may carry communications via a backscattered wave. In some other examples, the A-IoT device 540 may correspond to an IoT device that includes one or more components configured for energy harvesting or energy storage (e.g., as described with reference to Figs. 4B and 4C) . Here, the backward link may be associated with increased energy as compared to the backward link when the A-IoT device 540 corresponds to an RFID (e.g., and does not include any components configured for energy harvesting or energy storage) .
[0104] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.
[0105] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission. In some instances, example 600 may implement or be implemented by one or more aspects of Figs. 1 through 5. For instance, Fig. 6 may illustrate an R2D transmission 605 from a reader device to an A-IoT device. In some cases, the reader device may correspond to a network entity, such as the reader device 275 described with reference to Fig. 2, the network node 210 described with reference to Fig. 5, the intermediate node 550 described with reference to Fig. 5, the assisting node 560 described with reference to Fig. 5, or the UE 220 described with reference to Fig. 5. Additionally, the A-IoT device may correspond to a network entity, such as the A-IoT device 270 described with reference to Fig. 2 or the A-IoT device 540 described with reference to Fig. 5.
[0106] As shown in Fig. 6, the R2D transmission 605 may include a preamble 610. The preamble 610 may include a start indicator part (SIP) 615 and a clock acquisition part (CAP) 620. In some examples, the SIP 615 may span one or multiple OFDM symbols and the CAP 620 may span one or multiple OFDM symbols. The R2D transmission 605 may additionally include a PRDCH message 625. The PRDCH message 625 may be span one or multiple OFDM symbols.
[0107] In the R2D transmission 605, the preamble 610 may enable a receiving device to prepare to receive control information or a payload via the PRDCH 625. In particular, the SIP 615 may facilitate the detection and synchronization of an A-IoT device with the incoming signal. Additionally, the CAP 620 may enable channel acquisition and estimation at the A-IoT device. For example, the CAP 620 may provide information for the A-IoT device to determine the channel characteristics, such as signal strength and potential interference, which may enable data reception and decoding.
[0108] Accordingly, after receiving the preamble 610, and synchronizing with the reader device, the tag may receive the PRDCH message 625. The PRDCH message 625 may include both a PRDCH control message and a PRDCH data message (e.g., a PRDCH message payload) . The PRDCH message 625 may correspond to a message that is transmitted via the PRDCH, which may be a physical channel used for the transmission of data from the reader device to the A-IoT device. The PHY layer may enable the modulation, demodulation, and error correction of the transmitted signals, ensuring reliable communication between the reader and the A-IoT device.
[0109] The R2D transmission may be communicated using OOK. In particular, each symbol 630 (e.g., each OFDM symbol) may be configured to carry a quantity of information bits, which may be communicated within a chip 645. For example, OOK may be a form of ASK modulation that represents digital data as the presence or absence of a carrier wave. In OOK, a binary ‘1’ may be represented by the presence of a carrier signal (e.g., represented by an on-state 640, as shown in Fig 6) , while a binary ‘0’ may be represented by the absence of the carrier signal (e.g., represented by an off-state 635, as shown in Fig 6) . Additionally, OOK chips may refer to the individual units of time during which the presence or absence of the carrier signal is measured to represent binary data. These chips 645 are the building blocks of the OOK modulation scheme, where each chip 645 may correspond to a specific bit of information.
[0110] In some examples, a number of chips 645 in an OOK may be referred to herein by a value of M. For example, in the context of OOK-4 (e.g., where M = 4) , the term “OOK-4” refers to an implementation of OOK where each OFDM symbol is represented by a sequence of four OOK chips. In this case, a single symbol can encode more complex information by using combinations of the four chips. For instance, a symbol might be represented as “1100, ” where the presence of the carrier signal in the first two chips and its absence in the last two chips encodes a specific piece of data. This allows for more efficient data transmission by encoding multiple bits of information within each symbol, leveraging the simplicity and effectiveness of the OOK modulation scheme. The value of M may be any integer.
[0111] In the example 600, the symbol 630 may include four chips 645 (e.g., M=4) . That is, the chip 645a may represent a first bit of information (e.g., a logic value ‘1’ ) , the chip 645b may represent a second bit of information (e.g., a logic value ‘0) , the chip 645c may represent a third bit of information (e.g., a logic value ‘1’ ) , and the chip 645d may represent a fourth bit of information (e.g., a logic value ‘0’ ) . In some cases, each chip 645 may have a configured duration. For example, a configuration of the R2D transmission 605 (or of the PRDCH message) may indicate a quantity of chips 645 within each symbol 630. In the example 600, the configuration may indicate that each symbol 630 includes four chips 645. In some other examples, each symbol 630 may include one chip 645, two chips 645, or three chips 645. The duration of each chip 645 may be inversely proportional to the quantity of chips 645 within each symbol 630.
[0112] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0113] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with an access procedure for A-IoT devices. The access procedure may be referred to as an A-IoT access procedure, an inventory procedure, a random access procedure, or a contention-based access procedure, among other examples. As shown in Fig. 7, a first network entity 705a (e.g., a reader device 275, an intermediate node 550, or an assisting node 560) and a second network entity 705b (e.g., A-IoT device 270 or another A-IoT device described herein) may communicate with one another to perform the access procedure. The first network entity 705a may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network node (e.g., the network node 210) , or a network entity. The second network entity 705b may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network entity, a backscatter device, an ambient backscatter device, a terminal (such as an RFID device, a tag, or a similar device) , a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, or another type of A-IoT device, as described in more detail in connection with Figs. 1-5. The first network entity 705a and the second network entity 705b may operate in a topology, such as a topology described in connection with Fig. 5.
[0114] In some examples, the first network entity 705a may transmit system information for A-IoT devices. For example, the system information may include access procedure configuration information. The access procedure configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting an access procedure communication or one or more parameters for receiving an access procedure communication, as described herein. The system information may include an identifier of the first network entity 705a. In some examples, the first network entity 705a may transmit the system information via a physical channel communication. The physical channel may be a communication channel defined for R2D data transmissions (e.g., a PRDCH) .
[0115] The access procedure may be a contention-based access procedure, such as a random access procedure (e.g., an additive links online Hawaii area (ALOHA) random access procedure, a slotted-ALOHA random access procedure, or other procedures) . For example, the access procedure may be an A-IoT contention-based procedure initiated by the first network entity 705a. “Contention-based access procedure” refers to an access procedure in which resources (e.g., transmission occasions, time-frequency resources, a unique sequence (apreamble) , or other resources) for the access procedure are made available to multiple devices (e.g., multiple UEs or multiple A-IoT devices) for selection. In contention-based access procedures, a device attempting to establish access to a network may randomly select one of the resources. In contrast, non-contention-based access procedures may include a device (e.g., a network node or the first network entity 705a) allocating dedicated resources (e.g., transmission occasions, time-frequency resources, a unique sequence (apreamble) , or other resources) for a given device to be used to establish access to the network. Contention-based access procedures may improve efficiency (e.g., because each device does not need to be allocated dedicated resources before the access procedure can be performed) or improve flexibility (such as for IoT scenarios where devices may enter and leave the network frequently) .
[0116] At 710, the first network entity 705a may transmit an initial trigger message for the access procedure. The initial trigger message may be referred to a initial trigger message as a message 0, an Msg. 0 communication, an inventory trigger message, or a paging message (e.g., an A-IoT paging message) , among other examples. The initial trigger message may include information indicative of a set of A-IoT devices including the second network entity 705b. For example, the initial trigger message may include a command (e.g., a query) to indicate a specified group of A-IoT devices (e.g., including the second network entity 705b) that are to respond (e.g., to establish a communication connection with the first network entity 705a) . In some examples, the initial trigger message may include identifiers of respective A-IoT devices included in the set of A-IoT devices. In some examples, the initial trigger message may be interleaved among multiple initial trigger messages from respective readers. In such examples, the initial trigger message may include an identifier of the first network entity 705a.
[0117] The first network entity 705a may transmit the initial trigger message to locate or identify A-IoT devices that are available in a given area at a given time. For example, the first network entity 705a may be unaware of which or how many A-IoT devices are available or located in a given area at a given time. Therefore, the first network entity 705a may transmit the initial trigger message (e.g., the Msg. 0 communication or an inventory trigger message) to initiate the access procedure (e.g., to enable the first network entity 705a to identify which or how many A-IoT devices are available and to establish a communication connection with one or more of the available A-IoT devices) .
[0118] At 715, the second network entity 705b may transmit, and the first network entity 705a may receive an A-IoT access message for the access procedure. The A-IoT access message may be referred to as a second access procedure communication message 1, an Msg. 1 communication, or an inventory trigger response, among other examples. For example, the second network entity 705b may receive the initial trigger message (e.g., the Msg. 0 communication or the inventory trigger message) and identify that the second network entity 705b is to respond to the initial trigger message. For example, the initial trigger message may include an identifier of the second network entity 705b. For example, the identifier of the second network entity 705b may correspond to a 16-bit random identifier generated by the second network entity 705b. The second network entity 705b may identify that the second network entity 705b is to respond to the initial trigger message based on, or otherwise associated with, the initial trigger message including the identifier of the second network entity 705b.
[0119] The A-IoT access message may include a sequence (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, an access procedure sequence, or a RAM preamble) or another cyclic-shift-based sequence. The A-IoT access message may include a preamble index. The A-IoT access message may include a sequence communication and a payload communication. The sequence communication may indicate the sequence generated or selected by the second network entity 705b. The payload communication may include a payload. The payload may include data. In some examples, the payload communication may include a channel estimate reference signal, such as a DMRS, among other examples. The first network entity 705a may measure the channel estimate reference signal to perform channel estimation for a channel between the first network entity 705a and the second network entity 705b.
[0120] In some aspects, at 720, the first network entity 705a may optionally transmit, and the second network entity 705b may receive, an access response message. The access response message may be referred to as a third access procedure communication, a message 2, an Msg. 2 communication, or a random access response, among other examples. The access response message may include information indicative of the sequence (e.g., the preamble) included in the access response message. Additionally, or alternatively, the access response message may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the second network entity 705b to transmit an A-IoT response message (e.g., as described at 725) . The access response message may include the identifier of the network entity 705b. For example, the network entity 705a may echo the identifier of the network entity 705b (e.g., included in the A-IoT access message) in the access response message. In some cases, the network entity 705b may determine that contention resolution associated with the access procedure is successful if the access response message includes the same identifier of the network entity 705b as included in the A-IoT access message (e.g., the message 1) . Here, the network entity 705a may assume that the 16-bit identifier is sufficient for contention resolution.
[0121] At 725, the second network entity 705b may optionally transmit, and the first network entity 705a may receive, a A-IoT response message. The A-IoT response message may be referred to as a fourth access procedure communication, a message 3, an Msg. 3 communication, or a connection request message, among other examples. For example, the second network entity 705b may transmit the A-IoT response message based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with detecting the third access procedure communication that includes information indicative of the sequence transmitted by the second network entity 705b (e.g., in the A-IoT access message) or of the frequency shift applied by the second network entity 705b.
[0122] The A-IoT response message may include data. For example, the A-IoT response message may include information indicative of a device type, an identifier, a group, upper layer data, or other information about the second network entity 705b. The first network entity 705a may use the information included in the A-IoT response message for contention resolution.
[0123] In some aspects, at 730, the first network entity 705a may transmit, and the second network entity 705b may receive, an R2D communication. The R2D message may be referred to as a fifth access procedure communication, a feedback indication (e.g., a failure (e.g., NACK) or success feedback indication (e.g., an ACK) ) , a Msg. 2 retransmission, a message 4, a Msg. 4 communication, or a connection setup message, among other examples. In some examples, the R2D message may include the detected A-IoT device identifier, a timing advance value, or contention resolution information. The first network entity 705a and the second network entity 705b may establish a communication connection based on, or otherwise associated with, the communication of the R2D message.
[0124] The access procedure depicted and described in connection with Fig. 7 is an example of a four-step (or five-step) access procedure. In other examples, a one-step access procedure (e.g., in which only the communications at 710 and at 715 are communicated) , a two-step access procedure (e.g., in which only the communications at 710, at 715, and at 730 are communicated) , a three-step access procedure (e.g., in which only the communications at 710, at 715, and at 725 are communicated) , or another type of access procedure may be performed in a similar manner. For example, in a two-step access procedure, information described herein that is included in the Msg. 1 communication at 715 and the Msg. 3 communication at 725 may be included in a single message (e.g., a message A or an Msg. A) . Additionally, or alternatively, information described herein that is included in the Msg. 2 communication at 720 and the feedback indication at 730 may be included in a single message (e.g., a message B or an Msg. B) .
[0125] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0126] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs in messages. As shown in Fig. 8, a network entity 805a (e.g., a reader device 275, an intermediate node 550, or an assisting node 560) and a network entity 805b (e.g., A-IoT device 270 or another A-IoT device described herein) may communicate with one another to perform the access procedure. The network entity 805a may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network node (e.g., the network node 210) , or a network entity. The network entity 805b may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network entity, a backscatter device, an ambient backscatter device, a terminal (such as an RFID device, a tag, or a similar device) , a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, or another type of A-IoT device, as described in more detail in connection with Figs. 1-5. The network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may operate in a topology, such as a topology described in connection with Fig. 5. To communicate, the network entity 805a may transmit, and the network entity 805b may receive, PRDCH messages (e.g., messages sent via a PRDCH) . Additionally, the network entity 805b may transmit, and the network entity 805a may receive, PDRCH messages (e.g., messages sent via a PDRCH) .
[0127] The example 800 may illustrate an example where the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b determine whether a message (e.g., a PRDCH message, a PDRCH message) includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message.
[0128] As shown by reference number 810, the network entity 805a may transmit, and the network entity 805b may receive, configuration information. The configuration information may indicate one or more parameters associated with communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b.
[0129] For example, the configuration information may indicate a resource configuration associated with subsequent communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. That is, the configuration information may indicate a resource duration associated (e.g., in a time domain) or a resource payload size or block size (e.g., in a frequency domain) with one or more communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. Additionally, the configuration information may indicate a configuration for FDM communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. Here, the configuration information may indicate a guard band associated with FDM communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. That is, if the configuration information configures FDM communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b, the configuration information may indicate one or more frequency domain resources associated with a gap between frequency domain resources (e.g., a guard band) configured for communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b.
[0130] In another example, the configuration information may indicate a configuration for TDM communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. Here, the configuration information may indicate a time band associated with TDM communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. That is, if the configuration information configures TDM communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b, the configuration information may indicate one or more time domain resources associated with a gap between time domain resources (e.g., a time band) configured for communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b.
[0131] Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration information may indicate a chip configuration for OOK communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. For example, the configuration information may indicate a quantity of OOK chips, denoted as M, within each symbol for the communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. Additionally, the configuration information may indicate a data rate associated with communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b. Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration information may indicate an OOK chip duration for communications between the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b.
[0132] In some cases, the network entity 805a may transmit the configuration information via a PRDCH message. For example, the network entity 805a may transmit the configuration via a PRDCH control message.
[0133] As shown by reference number 815, the network entity 805a may optionally transmit, and the network entity 805b may receive, threshold information. The threshold information may correspond to one or more thresholds associated with determining whether a message (e.g., a PRDCH message, a PDRCH message) includes a CRC.
[0134] For example, the threshold information may indicate a threshold quantity of OOK chips per symbol. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine if a message includes a CRC based on whether the quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message satisfies the threshold (e.g., is greater than the threshold, is greater than or equal to the threshold) or fails to satisfy the threshold (e.g., is less than the threshold, is less than or equal to the threshold) . In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes a CRC if the quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message is less than or equal to the threshold quantity of OOK chips per symbol (e.g., and may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message is greater than the threshold quantity of OOK chips per symbol) . That is, the quantity of OOK chips per symbol (e.g., M) may be configured to be lower based on a current channel condition being poor. Here, adding the CRC to the message may further improve a reliability of the message even with the poor channel conditions.
[0135] In another example, the threshold information may indicate a threshold data rate. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine if a message includes a CRC based on whether the data rate of the message satisfies the threshold data rate or fails to satisfy the threshold data rate. In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes a CRC if the data rate for the message is less than or equal to the threshold data rate (e.g., and may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the data rate for the message is greater than the threshold data rate) . That is, the data rate may be configured to be lower based on a current channel condition being poor. Here, adding the CRC to the message may further improve a reliability of the message even with the poor channel conditions.
[0136] In another example, the threshold information may indicate a threshold OOK chip duration. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine if a message includes a CRC based on whether the OOK chip duration for the message satisfies the threshold OOK chip duration or fails to satisfy the threshold OOK chip duration. In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes a CRC if the OOK chip duration for the message is less than or equal to the threshold OOK chip duration (e.g., and may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the OOK chip duration for the message is greater than the threshold OOK chip duration) .
[0137] In another example, the threshold information may indicate a threshold resource duration for the message. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine if a message includes a CRC based on whether the resource duration for the message satisfies the threshold resource duration or fails to satisfy the threshold resource duration. In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes a CRC if the resource duration for the message is greater than or equal to the threshold resource duration (e.g., and may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the data rate for the message is less than the threshold resource duration) .
[0138] In another example, the threshold information may indicate a threshold guard band for the message. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine if a message includes a CRC based on whether the guard band configured for the message (e.g., if the message is associated with an FDM configuration) satisfies the threshold guard band or fails to satisfy the threshold guard band. In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes a CRC if the guard band for the message is less than or equal to the threshold guard band (e.g., and may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the data rate for the message is greater than the threshold guard band) . That is, a small guard band may result in increased interference. Here, adding the CRC to the message may further improve a reliability of the message in spite of the small guard band. In another example, the threshold information may indicate a threshold time band for the message. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine if a message includes a CRC based on whether the time band configured for the message (e.g., if the message is associated with a TDM configuration) satisfies the threshold time band or fails to satisfy the threshold time band. In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes a CRC if the time band for the message is less than or equal to the threshold data rate (e.g., and may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the time band for the message is greater than the threshold time band) . That is, a small time band may result in increased interference. Here, adding the CRC to the message may further improve a reliability of the message in spite of the small time band. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message does not include a CRC if the message is not associated with a TDM or FDM configuration.
[0139] While the network entity 805a may indicate the threshold information dynamically (e.g., via a PRDCH message) , the threshold information may, in some other examples, be preconfigured or predefined. Here, the network entity 805a may not transmit the threshold information at 815. Additionally, or alternatively, the threshold information may be preconfigured or predefined, and the network entity 805a may optionally transmit the threshold information to update one or more of the preconfigured or predefined thresholds to a new value.
[0140] In some cases, the thresholds may be specific to whether the message is a PDRCH message or a PRDCH message. For example, the threshold information may indicate one or more first thresholds that apply to PDRCH messages and may indicate one or more second thresholds that are different from the one or more first thresholds and that apply to PRDCH messages. For example, the threshold information may indicate a first threshold quantity of OOK chips per symbol for PRDCH messages and a second threshold quantity of OOK chips per symbol for PDRCH messages. In some cases, the different thresholds for PDRCH and PRDCH messages may be based on a difference between reader devices and A-IoT devices. In particular, a reader device may include more powerful encoding or decoding capabilities as compared to an A-IoT device.
[0141] In some other cases, the thresholds may be specific to a type of the network entity 805b. That is, the network entity 805b may correspond to one of the A-IoT devices described with reference to Fig. 4. Based on the type of the A-IoT device (e.g., a passive A-IoT device, a semi-passive A-IoT device, an active A-IoT device) , the threshold information may indicate different thresholds. For example, the threshold information may indicate that for passive A-IoT devices (e.g., devices that consume less than 1uW of power) , messages that include less than six bits of information (e.g., the payload is less than six bits) do not include CRC. Additionally, for semi-passive or active A-IoT devices (e.g., devices that consume more than 1uW of power) , messages that include less than two bits of information (e.g., the payload is less than two bits) do not include CRC.
[0142] In some other cases, the thresholds may be specific to whether the message corresponds to a control or data message. That is, the threshold information may indicate different thresholds for PDRCH control messages and PDRCH data messages. Additionally, the threshold information may indicate different threshold for PRDCH control messages and PRDCH data messages. That is, the thresholds for control messages (e.g., for PDRCH control messages and PRDCH control messages) may be configured to increase a reliability of control messages as compared to data messages. For example, the threshold information may indicate that all control messages include CRC. Additionally, the threshold information may indicate that data messages including payloads that are 6 or more bits include a CRC.
[0143] At 820 and 825, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes a CRC. For example, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the configuration of the message. The configuration of the message may correspond to one or more parameters of the message indicated by configuration information (e.g., as described with reference to 810) and a type of the message.
[0144] The type of the message may correspond to a PRDCH message type (e.g., including R2D messages) or a PDRCH message type (e.g., including device-to-reader (D2R) messages) . Additionally, if the message is a PRDCH message, the type of the message may correspond to a paging message type (e.g., including an initial trigger message of an access procedure) , a message 2 of the access procedure type (e.g., including an access response message) , a message 4 of the access procedure type, a command message type (e.g., including a read command, a write command, a lock device command) , an ACK message type, or a NACK type. Additionally, if the message is a PDRCH message, the type of the message may correspond to a message 1 of the access procedure (e.g., including an A-IoT access message) , a message 3 of the access procedure type (e.g., including an A-IoT response message) , a response to a command message type (e.g., including a read success or failure indication, a write success or failure indication) , an ACK message type, or a NACK type. Additionally, the type of the message may correspond to a PRDCH data channel, a PRDCH control channel, a PDRCH data channel, or a PDRCH control channel.
[0145] To determine whether the message includes the CRC, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may compare one or more parameters associated with the message to one or more thresholds. For example, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on comparing one or more of the quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message to a threshold, a data rate of the message to a threshold, an OOK chip duration for the message to a threshold, a resource duration for the message to a threshold, a guard band for the message to a threshold, or a time band for the message to a threshold.
[0146] Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message. For example, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC according to Table 1, illustrated below. Table 1
[0147] In particular, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes the CRC if the message corresponds to a paging message type, a message 2 of the access procedure type a command message type, a message 3 of the access procedure type, a response to a command message type, or a message 1 of the access procedure type. Additionally, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message does not include the CRC if the message corresponds to a message 4 of the access procedure type, an ACK message type, or a NACK type.
[0148] In some cases, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on a combination of the configuration of the message and a quantity of bits within a payload of the message. That is, some other network entities may determine whether the message includes CRC based on the quantity of bits within the payload alone. For example, if the quantity of bits within the payload (e.g., a quantity of information bits) is greater than a threshold (X) , the network entities may determine that the message includes a CRC (e.g., that includes 6, 8, 16, 24, or 56 bits) . Additionally, or alternatively, if the quantity of bits within the payload (e.g., the quantity of information bits) is less than a threshold (e.g., Y) , the network entities may determine that the message does not include any CRC.
[0149] In the example 800, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on a combination of the quantity of bits within the payload of the message (e.g., the quantity of information bits within the message) and the configuration of the message. For example, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC according to Table 2. Table 2
[0150] In the example illustrated by Table 2, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on a combination of the quantity of payload bits (Y) in the message and a configuration of the message (e.g., the message type) . That is, different types of messages may be associated with different thresholds (T1 and T2) . Additionally, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine a quantity of bits within the CRC based on the combination of the quantity of payload bits in the message and the configuration of the message. For example, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message does not include any CRC if the quantity of payload bits is less than a first threshold T1 (e.g., that is based on the configuration of the message) , includes 6 CRC bits if the quantity of payload bits is between the first threshold T1 and a second threshold T2 (e.g., that is based on the configuration of the message) , and includes a second quantity of CRC bits if the quantity of payload bits is greater than the second threshold.
[0151] While the Table 2 illustrates example values for T1 and T2, other values for T1 and T2 may be configured or defined. That is, T1 and T2 may correspond to any two integers (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3, …∞) where T1 ≤ T2. In one example, T1 = T2 = 0. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes 16 bits of CRC (e.g., includes CRC16) independently of the quantity of bits within the payload (e.g., Y) . In another example, T1 = 0 and T2 > 0. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes 6 bits of CRC (e.g., CRC6) unless the quantity of bits within the payload (e.g., Y) is greater than T2. That is, if T1 = 0 and T2 > 0, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message does include the CRC, and may determine that the CRC has a first quantity of bits (e.g., CRC6) if Y < T2 and may determine that the CRC has the second quantity of bits (e.g., CRC16) if Y ≥ T2. In another example, T1 >0 and T2 = ∞. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message includes CRC with a first quantity of bits (e.g., CRC6) if the quantity of bits within the payload (e.g., Y) is greater than T1. That is, if T2 = ∞, the message may not include a CRC that includes the second quantity of bits (e.g., CRC16) . In another example, T1 = ∞ and T2 is not defined. Here, the network entity 805a and the network entity 805b may determine that the message does not include the CRC (e.g., regardless of the quantity of bits within the payload, Y) .
[0152] As shown by reference number 830, the network entity 805a may optionally transmit a PRDCH message to the network entity 805b. The PRDCH message may include the CRC if, at 820, the network entity 805a determines that the message includes the CRC. Additionally, the PRDCH message may not include the CRC if, at 820, the network entity 805a determines that the message does not include the CRC. The network entity 805b may attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on whether the network entity 805b determines whether the message includes the CRC (e.g., at 825) . For example, if, at 825, the network entity 805b determines that the message includes the CRC, the network entity 805b may attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on determining that the PRDCH message includes the CRC. Here, the network entity 805b may additionally attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on a determining a quantity of bits within the CRC (e.g., as described with reference to 825) . Additionally, if, at 825, the network entity 805b determines that the message does not include the CRC, the network entity 805b may attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on determining that the PRDCH message does not include the CRC.
[0153] As shown by reference number 835, the network entity 805b may optionally transmit a PRDCH message to the network entity 805a. The PRDCH message may include the CRC if, at 825, the network entity 805b determines that the message includes the CRC. Additionally, the PRDCH message may not include the CRC if, at 825, the network entity 805b determines that the message does not include the CRC. The network entity 805a may attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on whether the network entity 805a determines whether the message includes the CRC (e.g., at 820) . For example, if, at 820, the network entity 805a determines that the message includes the CRC, the network entity 805a may attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on determining that the PRDCH message includes the CRC. Here, the network entity 805a may additionally attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on a determining a quantity of bits within the CRC (e.g., as described with reference to 820) . Additionally, if, at 820, the network entity 805a determines that the message does not include the CRC, the network entity 805a may attempt to decode the PRDCH message based on determining that the PRDCH message does not include the CRC.
[0154] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 8.
[0155] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs in messages. As shown in Fig. 9, a network entity 905a (e.g., a reader device 275, an intermediate node 550, or an assisting node 560) and a network entity 905b (e.g., A-IoT device 270 or another A-IoT device described herein) may communicate with one another to perform the access procedure. The network entity 905a may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network node (e.g., the network node 210) , or a network entity. The network entity 905b may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network entity, a backscatter device, an ambient backscatter device, a terminal (such as an RFID device, a tag, or a similar device) , a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, or another type of A-IoT device, as described in more detail in connection with Figs. 1-5. The network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may operate in a topology, such as a topology described in connection with Fig. 5. To communicate, the network entity 905a may transmit, and the network entity 905b may receive, PRDCH messages (e.g., messages sent via a PRDCH) . Additionally, the network entity 905b may transmit, and the network entity 905a may receive, PDRCH messages (e.g., messages sent via a PDRCH) .
[0156] The example 900 may illustrate an example where the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b determine whether a message (e.g., a PRDCH message, a PDRCH message) includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message.
[0157] As shown by reference number 910, the network entity 905a may transmit, and the network entity 905b may receive, a CRC indication. The CRC indication may correspond to information indicating, to the network entity 905b, whether a message (e.g., a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message) includes a CRC. The CRC indication may include information related to a single message. That is, the CRC indication may indicate whether one message (e.g., one PRDCH message or one PDRCH message) includes a CRC. In some other examples, the CRC indication may information related to multiple messages. For example, the CRC indication may indicate whether one or more subsequently-communicated messages include a CRC (e.g., until another CRC indication is transmitted) . The network entity 905a may transmit the CRC indication via an R2D transmission. For example, the network entity 905a may transmit the CRC indication within a PRDCH control message (e.g., via L1 signaling) , within a PRDCH data message (e.g., via L1 signaling) , via a MAC-CE (e.g., via L2 signaling) , or via upper layer signaling (e.g., via L3 signaling) .
[0158] As shown by reference number 915, the network entity 905a and the network entity 905 may communicate one or more PRDCH or PDRCH messages based on the CRC indication. For example, the network entity 905a may transmit, and the network entity 905b may receive, one or more PRDCH messages. In another example, the network entity 905b may transmit, and the network entity 905b may receive, one or more PDRCH messages. If the CRC indication indicates whether one message includes a CRC, the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may communicate a single PRDCH or PDRCH message in accordance with the CRC indication. For example, if the CRC indication indicates that the message includes the CRC, the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may communicate a single message including the CRC. Additionally, if the CRC indication indicates that the message does not include the CRC, the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may communicate a single message without the CRC.
[0159] In another example, if the CRC indication indicates whether one or more subsequent messages (e.g., one or more subsequent PRDCH messages or one or more subsequent PDRCH messages) , the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may communicate more than one message in accordance with the CRC indication. That is, the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may communicate multiple messages in accordance with the CRC indication (e.g., until the network entity 905a transmits another CRC indication) .
[0160] That is, and as shown by reference number 920, the network entity 905a may transmit another CRC indication. The CRC indication transmitted at 920 may indicate whether one or more messages (e.g., communicated at 925) include a CRC. Accordingly, the network entity 905a and the network entity 905b may communicate one or messages in accordance with the second CRC indication (e.g., transmitted at 920) .
[0161] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 9.
[0162] Fig. 10A illustrates an example 1000a of a first CRC indication 1010a, and Fig. 10B illustrates an example 1000b of a second CRC indication 1010b associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs in messages. The CRC indication 1010a and the CRC indication 1010b may be examples of the CRC indications described with reference to Fig. 9.
[0163] In the example 1000a, the CRC indication 1010a may be included within the R2D transmission 1005a and may indicate whether a D2R transmission 1015 includes a CRC. That is, the R2D transmission 1005a may correspond to a PRDCH control message, a PRDCH data message, or both. The CRC indication 1010a may indicate whether a current or upcoming PRDCH message (e.g., corresponding to the D2R transmission 1015) includes a CRC.
[0164] In the example 1000b, the CRC indication 1010b may be included within an R2D transmission 1005b. The R2D transmission may include a preamble 1020, a PRDCH control message 1025, and a PRDCH data message 1030. The CRC indication 1010b may indicate whether the PRDCH data message 1030 included within the R2D transmission 1005 includes a CRC. Here, if the CRC indication 1010b indicates that the PRDCH data message 1030 includes the CRC, the CRC included within the PRDCH data message 1030 is related to the PRDCH data message 1030 and independent from the PRDCH control message 1025.
[0165] As indicated above, Figs. 10A and 10B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Figs. 10A and 10B.
[0166] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, the network entity 104, the network entity 106, the network entity 805a) performs operations associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs in messages.
[0167] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include determining whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message (block 1110) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may determine whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message, as described above.
[0168] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC (block 1120) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using reception component 1302, transmission component 1304, or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC, as described above.
[0169] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0170] In a first aspect, the configuration is indicative of one or more of a type of the message, a quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message, a data rate of the message, an OOK chip duration for the message, a resource duration for the message, a FDM configuration for the message, or a TDM configuration for the message.
[0171] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1100 includes determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the configuration of the message and a quantity of payload bits included in the message.
[0172] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 1100 includes comparing the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC includes determining that the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of payload bits being greater than the threshold.
[0173] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, process 1100 includes comparing the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the quantity of payload bits being less than or equal to the threshold.
[0174] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the CRC comprises a quantity of bits, and the process 1100 further includes determining the quantity of bits based on the configuration of the message and the quantity of payload bits included in the message.
[0175] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the configuration indicates a type of the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message.
[0176] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message corresponding to a paging message type, a message 1 of an access procedure message type, a message 2 of the access procedure message type, a message 3 of the access procedure message type, a command message type, or a response to a command message type, or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the type of the message corresponding to an ACK message type, a NACK message type, or a message 4 of the access procedure message type.
[0177] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the type of the message corresponds to PRDCH or PDRCH.
[0178] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the type of the message corresponds to PRDCH data channel, PRDCH control channel, PDRCH data channel, or PDRCH control channel.
[0179] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the configuration indicates a quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol.
[0180] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol being less than or equal to a threshold, or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol being greater than the threshold.
[0181] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the configuration indicates a data rate of the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the data rate of the message.
[0182] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC based on the data rate being less than or equal to a threshold, or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the data rate being greater than the threshold.
[0183] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the configuration indicates an OOK chip duration for the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the OOK chip duration of the message.
[0184] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC based on the OOK chip duration being less than or equal to a threshold, or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the OOK chip duration being greater than the threshold.
[0185] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the configuration indicates a resource duration for the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the resource duration for the message.
[0186] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC based on the resource duration being less than or equal to a threshold, or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the resource duration being greater than the threshold.
[0187] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the configuration indicates a FDM configuration for the message or a TDM configuration for the message, and determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the FDM configuration or the TDM configuration.
[0188] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC based on a guard band indicated by the FDM configuration or a time band indicated by the TDM configuration being less than or equal to a threshold, or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the guard band or the time band being greater than the threshold.
[0189] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, process 1100 includes determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC, and communicating the message comprises communicating the message based on the message including the CRC.
[0190] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, process 1100 includes determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message does not include the CRC, and communicating the message comprises communicating the message based on the message not including the CRC.
[0191] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0192] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity. Example process 1200 is an example where the apparatus or the network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, the network entity 104, the network entity 106, the network entity 805a) performs operations associated with dynamic inclusion of CRCs in messages.
[0193] As shown in Fig. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include transmitting information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message (block 1210) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1304 or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may transmit information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message, as described above.
[0194] As further shown in Fig. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC (block 1220) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using reception component 1302, transmission component 1304, or communication manager 1306, depicted in Fig. 13) may communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC, as described above.
[0195] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0196] In a first aspect, the information is indicative of whether a single message, corresponding to the message, includes the CRC.
[0197] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1200 includes the information indicates whether each message of a first plurality of messages include a CRC, the first plurality of messages are communicated after transmitting the information include CRCs, and the first plurality of messages comprises the message.
[0198] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the information corresponds to first information, and the process 1200 further includes transmitting second information indicating whether each message of a second plurality of messages include a CRC, wherein the second plurality of messages are communicated after transmitting the second information.
[0199] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, transmitting the information comprises transmitting a PRDCH control channel message comprising the information.
[0200] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 1200 includes the message corresponds to a PRDCH data channel message, and the information indicates whether the PRDCH data channel message includes the CRC.
[0201] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1200 includes the information indicates that the PRDCH data channel message includes the CRC, and the CRC corresponds to the PRDCH data channel message and that independent from the PRDCH control channel message.
[0202] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, transmitting the information comprises transmitting a PRDCH data channel message comprising the information.
[0203] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, communicating the message comprises receiving the PDRCH message.
[0204] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, communicating the message comprises transmitting the PRDCH message.
[0205] Although Fig. 12 shows example blocks of process 1200, in some aspects, process 1200 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1200 may be performed in parallel.
[0206] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication. The apparatus 1300 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a reception component 1302, a transmission component 1304, or a communication manager 1306, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1306 is the communication manager 250 or the communication manager 255 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1308, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1302 and the transmission component 1304. The communication manager 1306 may be included in, or implemented via, a processing system (for example, the processing system 240 or the processing system 245 described in connection with Fig. 1) of the network entity.
[0207] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 5-10. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 or one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may include one or more components of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0208] The reception component 1302 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1308. The reception component 1302 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may perform signal processing on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the reception component 1302 may include one or more components of the network entity described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network entity.
[0209] The transmission component 1304 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1300 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may perform signal processing on the generated communications, and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1308. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may include one or more components of the network entity described above in connection with Fig. 1, such as a radio, one or more RF chains, one or more transceivers, or one or more modems, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more antennas of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1. In some aspects, the transmission component 1304 may be co-located with the reception component 1302.
[0210] The communication manager 1306 may support operations of the reception component 1302 or the transmission component 1304. For example, the communication manager 1306 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1302 or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1304. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1306 may generate or provide control information to the reception component 1302 or the transmission component 1304 to control reception or transmission of communications.
[0211] The communication manager 1306 may determine whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The reception component 1302 or the transmission component 1304 may communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0212] The communication manager 1306 may determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the configuration of the message and a quantity of payload bits included in the message.
[0213] The communication manager 1306 may compare the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message. The communication manager 1306 may determine that the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of payload bits being greater than the threshold.
[0214] The communication manager 1306 may compare the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and the communication manager 1306 may determine that the message does not include the CRC based on the quantity of payload bits being less than or equal to the threshold.
[0215] The communication manager 1306 may determine that the message includes the CRC.
[0216] The communication manager 1306 may communicate the message based on the message including the CRC.
[0217] The communication manager 1306 may determine that the message does not include the CRC.
[0218] The communication manager 1306 may communicate the message based on the message not including the CRC.
[0219] The transmission component 1304 may transmit information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message. The reception component 1302 or the transmission component 1304 may communicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0220] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 13 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 13. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 13 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 13 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 13.
[0221] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0222] Aspect 1: A method performed by a network entity, comprising: determining whether a message includes a CRC based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0223] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the configuration is indicative of one or more of: a type of the message, a quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message, a data rate of the message, an OOK chip duration for the message, a resource duration for the message, a FDM configuration for the message, or a TDM configuration for the message.
[0224] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the configuration of the message and a quantity of payload bits included in the message.
[0225] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, further comprising: comparing the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of payload bits being greater than the threshold.
[0226] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 3, further comprising: comparing the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the quantity of payload bits being less than or equal to the threshold.
[0227] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the CRC comprises a quantity of bits, and wherein the method further comprises: determining the quantity of bits based on the configuration of the message and the quantity of payload bits included in the message.
[0228] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the configuration indicates a type of the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message.
[0229] Aspect 8: The method of Aspect 7, wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message corresponding to a paging message type, a message 1 of an access procedure message type, a message 2 of the access procedure message type, a message 3 of the access procedure message type, a command message type, or a response to a command message type; or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the type of the message corresponding to an ACK message type, a NACK message type, or a message 4 of the access procedure message type.
[0230] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the type of the message corresponds to PRDCH or PDRCH.
[0231] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 7, wherein the type of the message corresponds to PRDCH data channel, PRDCH control channel, PDRCH data channel, or PDRCH control channel.
[0232] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein the configuration indicates a quantity of OOK chips per symbol for the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol.
[0233] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 11, wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol being less than or equal to a threshold; or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol being greater than the threshold.
[0234] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the configuration indicates a data rate of the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the data rate of the message.
[0235] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on the data rate being less than or equal to a threshold; or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the data rate being greater than the threshold.
[0236] Aspect 15: The method of any of Aspects 1-14, wherein the configuration indicates an OOK chip duration for the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the OOK chip duration of the message.
[0237] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on the OOK chip duration being less than or equal to a threshold; or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the OOK chip duration being greater than the threshold.
[0238] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 1-16, wherein the configuration indicates a resource duration for the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the resource duration for the message.
[0239] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 17, wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on the resource duration being less than or equal to a threshold; or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the resource duration being greater than the threshold.
[0240] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 1-18, wherein the configuration indicates an FDM configuration for the message or a TDM configuration for the message, and wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining whether the message includes the CRC based on the FDM configuration or the TDM configuration.
[0241] Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 19, wherein determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises: determining that the message includes the CRC based on a guard band indicated by the FDM configuration or a time band indicated by the TDM configuration being less than or equal to a threshold; or determining that the message does not include the CRC based on the guard band or the time band being greater than the threshold.
[0242] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, wherein: determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message includes the CRC; and communicating the message comprises communicating the message based on the message including the CRC.
[0243] Aspect 22: The method of any of Aspects 1-21, wherein: determining whether the message includes the CRC comprises determining that the message does not include the CRC; and communicating the message comprises communicating the message based on the message not including the CRC.
[0244] Aspect 23: A method performed by a network entity, comprising: transmitting information indicating whether a message includes a CRC, wherein the message is a PRDCH message or a PDRCH message; and communicating the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.
[0245] Aspect 24: The method of Aspect 23, wherein the information is indicative of whether a single message, corresponding to the message, includes the CRC.
[0246] Aspect 25: The method of any of Aspects 23-24, wherein: the information indicates whether each message of a first plurality of messages include a CRC; the first plurality of messages are communicated after transmitting the information include CRCs; and the first plurality of messages comprises the message.
[0247] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 25, wherein the information corresponds to first information, and wherein the method further comprises: transmitting second information indicating whether each message of a second plurality of messages include a CRC, wherein the second plurality of messages are communicated after transmitting the second information.
[0248] Aspect 27: The method of any of Aspects 23-26, wherein transmitting the information comprises: transmitting a PRDCH control channel message comprising the information.
[0249] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein: the message corresponds to a PRDCH data channel message; and the information indicates whether the PRDCH data channel message includes the CRC.
[0250] Aspect 29: The method of Aspect 28, wherein: the information indicates that the PRDCH data channel message includes the CRC; and the CRC corresponds to the PRDCH data channel message and that independent from the PRDCH control channel message.
[0251] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 23-29, wherein transmitting the information comprises: transmitting a PRDCH data channel message comprising the information.
[0252] Aspect 31: The method of any of Aspects 23-30, wherein communicating the message comprises: receiving the PDRCH message.
[0253] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 23-31, wherein communicating the message comprises: transmitting the PRDCH message.
[0254] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0255] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0256] Aspect 35: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0257] Aspect 36: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0258] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0259] Aspect 38: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0260] Aspect 39: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0261] Aspect 40: A device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more code-storing memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0262] Aspect 41: A device comprising a processing system that includes processor circuitry and code-storing memory circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-32.
[0263] Systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0264] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” can encompass one or more of a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” can include one or more of calculating, computing, processing, deriving, detecting, estimating, investigating, looking up, inferring, ascertaining, measuring, resolving, selecting, choosing, obtaining, identifying, interpreting, demodulating, decoding, reading, establishing, forming or generating, among other examples. In some such examples, determining can involve a processor performing some type of calculating, computing, deriving, estimating, inferring, ascertaining, resolving, predicting or other processing to obtain one or more numerical values, sets, elements or other information or results. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor identifying, looking up, investigating or otherwise obtaining some type of value, set, element or other information or result from a table, a data structure, a database or other memory device or location. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor identifying, interpreting, demodulating, decoding, detecting, reading or otherwise obtaining some type of value, set, element or other information or result signaled in, for example, a received wireless packet. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor selecting or choosing one or more values, sets, elements or other information or results from a larger set of values, sets elements or other information or results. In some other such examples, determining can involve a processor performing a measurement, such as on a received signal.
[0265] As used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to refer to one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more” or “at least one. ” As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” or “one or more of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c. Additionally, as used herein, a phrase referring to “a” or “an” element refers to one or more of such elements acting individually or collectively to perform the recited function (s) . Additionally, as used herein, a “set” can refer to one or more items, and a “subset” can refer to a whole set or less than the whole set, but not an empty set. “Set, ” “group, ” and similar terms are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be interpreted in the inclusive sense (such as when referring to a series) and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless otherwise explicitly indicated (for example, if used in conjunction with “either” or “only one of” ) . For example, “A or B” may include A only, B only, or a combination of A and B. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” “comprise, ” “comprising, ” “include” and “including, ” and derivatives thereof or similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A also may have B) .
[0266] As used herein, the phrase “associated with” is to be interpreted in the inclusive sense, unless otherwise explicitly indicated. For example, the phrase “associated with” is not to be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions, factors, criteria, elements, components, or actions, among other examples. Specifically, unless a phrase refers to “associated with only ‘a, ’ ” or the equivalent in context, whatever it is that is “associated with ‘a, ’ ” may be associated with “a” alone or associated with a combination of “a” and one or more other conditions, factors, criteria, elements, components, or actions, among other examples. In various examples, the phrase “associated with” may be interpreted to mean “in association with, ” “in accordance with, ” “based on, ” “based at least in part on, ” “as a function of, ” “in response to, ” “responsive to, ” or “using” as appropriate in the relevant context unless otherwise explicitly indicated. Furthermore, what follows the phrase “associated with, ” “in association with, ” “in accordance with, ” “based on, ” “based at least in part on, ” “as a function of, ” “in response to, ” “responsive to, ” or “using” is not necessarily the focal point or primary factor associated with the limitation preceding the phrase.
[0267] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0268] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the scope of all aspects described herein. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
A network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:determine whether a message includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) based on a configuration of the message, wherein the message is a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) message or a physical device to reader channel (PDRCH) message; andcommunicate the message based on whether the message includes the CRC.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration is indicative of one or more of:a type of the message,a quantity of on-off keying (OOK) chips per symbol for the message,a data rate of the message,an OOK chip duration for the message,a resource duration for the message,a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) configuration for the message, ora time division multiplexing (TDM) configuration for the message.The network entity of claim 1, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the configuration of the message and a quantity of payload bits included in the message.The network entity of claim 3, wherein the processing system is configured to:compare the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC if the quantity of payload bits is greater than the threshold.The network entity of claim 3, wherein the processing system is configured to:compare the quantity of payload bits to a threshold, wherein the threshold is based on the configuration of the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message does not include the CRC if the quantity of payload bits is less than or equal to the threshold.The network entity of claim 3, wherein the CRC comprises a quantity of bits, and wherein the processing system is configured to:determine the quantity of bits based on the configuration of the message and the quantity of payload bits included in the message.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration indicates a type of the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message.The network entity of claim 7, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC based on the type of the message corresponding to a paging message type, a message 1 of an access procedure message type, a message 2 of the access procedure message type, a message 3 of the access procedure message type, a command message type, or a response to a command message type; ordetermine that the message does not include the CRC based on the type of the message corresponding to an acknowledgement message type, a negative acknowledgement message type, or a message 4 of the access procedure message type.The network entity of claim 7, wherein the type of the message corresponds to PRDCH or PDRCH.The network entity of claim 7, wherein the type of the message corresponds to PRDCH data channel, PRDCH control channel, PDRCH data channel, or PDRCH control channel.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration indicates a quantity of on-off keying (OOK) chips per symbol for the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol.The network entity of claim 11, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol being less than or equal to a threshold; ordetermine that the message does not include the CRC based on the quantity of OOK chips per symbol being greater than the threshold.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration indicates a data rate of the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the data rate of the message.The network entity of claim 13, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC based on the data rate being less than or equal to a threshold; ordetermine that the message does not include the CRC based on the data rate being greater than the threshold.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration indicates an on-off keying (OOK) chip duration for the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the OOK chip duration of the message.The network entity of claim 15, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC based on the OOK chip duration being less than or equal to a threshold; ordetermine that the message does not include the CRC based on the OOK chip duration being greater than the threshold.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration indicates a resource duration for the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the resource duration for the message.The network entity of claim 17, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC based on the resource duration being less than or equal to a threshold; ordetermine that the message does not include the CRC based on the resource duration being greater than the threshold.The network entity of claim 1, wherein the configuration indicates a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) configuration for the message or a time domain multiplexing (TDM) configuration for the message, and wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine whether the message includes the CRC based on the FDM configuration or the TDM configuration.The network entity of claim 19, wherein, to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC based on a guard band indicated by the FDM configuration or a time band indicated by the TDM configuration being less than or equal to a threshold; ordetermine that the message does not include the CRC based on the guard band or the time band being greater than the threshold.The network entity of claim 1, wherein:to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message includes the CRC; andto communicate the message, the processing system is configured to:communicate the message based on the message including the CRC.The network entity of claim 1, wherein:to determine whether the message includes the CRC, the processing system is configured to:determine that the message does not include the CRC; andto communicate the message, the processing system is configured to:communicate the message based on the message not including the CRC.