Early timing advance acquisition
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085428
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085428_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
EARLY TIMING ADVANCE ACQUISITIONTHECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The subject disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems and, in particular, to early timing advance acquisition. Yet more particularly, the subject disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for determining a valid random access preamble transmission occasion for early timing advance.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communication systems, also referred to mobile communication systems, are under constant development. In wireless communication systems, precise synchronization between user equipments (UE) and base stations (BS) is critical for maintaining efficient and reliable communication. This is especially important in mobile networks such as 5G, where devices frequently transition between different cells during mobility events, such as handovers.
[0003] One of the key challenges arises from propagation delays that occur due to the varying distances between UEs and base stations. These delays can result in uplink signals arriving at the base station out of sync, which may lead to signal interference and reduced network performance. This issue is particularly significant for devices located at the edge of a cell's coverage area, where the propagation delay is more pronounced.
[0004] To address this challenge, Early Timing Advance (early TA) mechanisms have been developed. early TA enables the network to adjust the uplink signal timing of a device preemptively, ensuring that the signals arrive at the base station in proper synchronization. This mechanism becomes especially crucial during cell switch events, where accurate timing coordination is required between the old and new base stations to prevent disruptions, such as dropped signals or delays, during the transition.
[0005] Early TA provides a robust solution to maintain seamless communication, particularly for devices in extended coverage areas or those operating under challenging environmental conditions. Its application ensures high reliability and performance in 5G networks, enhancing the overall user experience and supporting diverse use cases, such as IoT (Internet of Things) and MTC (Machine-Type Communications) .
[0006] To facilitate early TA and establish uplink synchronization, the base station can send a command, e.g., over the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) to instruct the UE to transmit a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) preamble. This is called PDCCH-ordered PRACH transmission. The network uses the received PRACH preamble to measure the timing offset of the UE and provide the necessary timing advance adjustments. By leveraging PDCCH-ordered PRACH, the network can obtain precise timing information from the UE, enabling the timely application of early TA and ensuring uplink synchronization.
[0007] However, a potential challenge arises when PDCCH-ordered PRACH transmissions coincide with measurement gaps. Measurement gaps are predefined intervals during which the UE suspends regular communication with the serving cell to perform measurements of neighboring cells. These measurements are crucial for evaluating potential handover candidates and ensuring optimal connectivity. When a PDCCH-ordered PRACH transmission, or UE procedure leading to the PRACH transmission is scheduled within a measurement gap, a collision may occur because the UE is unable to perform the uplink PRACH transmission while it is engaged in measurements. This collision can delay the execution of the random access (RA) procedure, thereby affecting the early TA process and potentially leading to timing misalignment during critical operations such as handovers.
[0008] Therefore, methods and apparatuses that address these issues and improve early timing advance acquisition are presented herein.SUMMARY
[0009] According to a first aspect of the subject disclosure, a method by a user equipment is presented. The method comprises receiving, from a network node of a source cell, a message for early timing advance acquisition, determining a valid random access preamble transmission occasion of multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions, wherein the valid random access preamble transmission occasion is the first random access preamble transmission occasion after reception of the message for early timing advance acquisition having no collision with a measurement gap, and transmitting the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion.
[0010] In some embodiments, the message for early timing advance acquisition comprises at least one of a physical downlink control channel order, a control message, or an Abstract Syntax Notation One message for transmission of a random access preamble to a network node of a target cell. In some further embodiments, the method further comprises counting only the transmission of the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion in a random access preamble transmission counter.
[0011] In some embodiments, the source cell is a current serving cell of the user equipment and / or the target cell is a configured candidate cell for cell switching. In some further embodiments, the multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions are required to locate within a time period from the first candidate random access preamble transmission occasion. In some yet embodiments, the time period is defined based on capability of the user equipment or is configured for the user equipment.
[0012] In some embodiments, determining the valid random access preamble transmission occasion comprises evaluating a validity of a candidate random access preamble transmission occasion by detecting a collision of time periods of a measurement gap and one or more processes relating to the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion, and, based on detecting the collision, determining that the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion is invalid. In some further embodiments, evaluating the validity further comprises, in response to the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasions being in different frequency ranges and / or the user equipment being capable of prioritizing the transmission of the random access preamble over the measurement gap, detect no collision of the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion.
[0013] In some embodiments, the presence of the one or more processes is determined based on a frequency location of the transmission of a random access preamble. In further embodiments, in response to the frequency location being on an active bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time. In some further embodiments, in response to the frequency location being on a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time and an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion. In yet further embodiments, in response to the frequency location being outside a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time, an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion, and a preparation time for radio frequency and / or base band processing.
[0014] In some embodiments, the time periods of the one or more processes are determined based on actual time needed to perform the one or more processes, wherein the actual time needed differs from a time provided with capability signaling to the source cell. In some further embodiments, the method further comprises determining a collision in response to a time overlap between the measurement gap and the one or more processes being larger than a threshold.
[0015] According to a second aspect of the subject disclosure, a user equipment is presented that comprises at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instruction that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment at least to receive, from a network node of a source cell, a message for early timing advance acquisition, determine a valid random access preamble transmission occasion of multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions, wherein the valid random access preamble transmission occasion is the first random access preamble transmission occasion after reception of the message for early timing advance acquisition having no collision with a measurement gap, and transmit the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion.
[0016] In some embodiments, the message for early timing advance acquisition comprises at least one of a physical downlink control channel order, a control message, or an Abstract Syntax Notation One message for transmission of a random access preamble to a network node of a target cell.
[0017] In some embodiments, the message for early timing advance acquisition comprises at least one of a physical downlink control channel order, a control message, or an Abstract Syntax Notation One message for transmission of a random access preamble to a network node of a target cell. In some further embodiments, the user equipment is further caused to count only the transmission of the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion in a random access preamble transmission counter.
[0018] In some embodiments, the source cell is a current serving cell of the user equipment and / or the target cell is a configured candidate cell for cell switching. In some further embodiments, the multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions are required to locate within a time period from the first candidate random access preamble transmission occasion. In some yet embodiments, the time period is defined based on capability of the user equipment or is configured for the user equipment.
[0019] In some embodiments, for determining the valid random access preamble transmission occasion, the user equipment is further caused to evaluate a validity of a candidate random access preamble transmission occasion by detecting a collision of time periods of a measurement gap and one or more processes relating to the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion, and, based on detecting the collision, determining that the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion is invalid. In some further embodiments, evaluating the validity further comprises, in response to the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasions being in different frequency ranges and / or the user equipment being capable of prioritizing the transmission of the random access preamble over the measurement gap, detect no collision of the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion. Preamble transmission on different frequency ranges may also depend on UE capability.
[0020] In some embodiments, the presence of the one or more processes is determined based on a frequency location of the transmission of a random access preamble. For example, uplink frequency location in relation to the current serving cell. In further embodiments, in response to the frequency location being on an active bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time. In some further embodiments, in response to the frequency location being on a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time and an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion. In yet further embodiments, in response to the frequency location being outside a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time, an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion, and a preparation time for radio frequency and / or base band processing.
[0021] In some embodiments, the time periods of the one or more processes are determined based on actual time needed to perform the one or more processes, wherein the actual time needed differs from a time provided with capability signaling to the source cell. In some further embodiments, the user equipment is further caused to determine a collision in response to a time overlap between the measurement gap and the one or more processes being larger than a threshold.
[0022] According to a third aspect, a computer program is provided that comprises instructions which, when executed by a user equipment, cause the user equipment to perform the methods as described herein.
[0023] The above-noted aspects and features may be implemented in systems, apparatuses, methods, articles and non-transitory computer-readable media depending on the desired configuration. The subject disclosure may be implemented in and used with a number of different types of devices, including but not limited to cellular phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players, and any of various other computing devices.
[0024] This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the aspects and features according to the subject disclosure. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the above-described features are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope of the subject disclosure in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings and claims.TERMINOLOGY
[0025] To facilitate understanding on the terminologies in the subject disclosure, the following list of the most relevant abbreviations is provided: 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Program 5G / NG 5th Generation, Next Generation AMF Access and Mobility Management Function AS Access Stratum BB Base Band CN Core Network eNB LTE Base Station, E-Utran NodeB gNB 5G Base Station, 5G NodeB ID Identifier IoT Internet of Things LTE Long-Term Evolution (Network) LTM Lower Layer (L1 / L2) Triggered Mobility MG Measurement Gap PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel (P) RACH (Physical) Random Access Channel RA Random Access RAN Radio Access Network RF Radio Frequency RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier RRC Radio Resource Control RRM Radio Resource Management SIB System Information Block SSB Synchronization Signal Block TA Timing Advance TCI Transmission Configuration Indicator UE User EquipmentBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] A better understanding of the subject disclosure may be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0027] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example wireless network;
[0028] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an example wireless device;
[0029] FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an example network node;
[0030] FIG. 4 presents processes relating to a random access preamble transmission;
[0031] FIG. 5 highlights measurement gap collision situations with a random access preamble transmission;
[0032] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the basic method as described herein;
[0033] FIG. 7 is a flow chart relating to an embodiment according to the disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 8 illustrates a determination of a valid random access preamble transmission occasion; and
[0035] FIG. 9 is a message flow diagram of an embodiment according to the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] The examples and embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the subject disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the description and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the description.
[0037] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of the description. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the included description, will be able to implement appropriate functionality without undue experimentation.
[0038] References in the specification to "one embodiment, " "an embodiment, " "an example embodiment, " etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0039] As used herein, "plurality" means two or more. As used herein, a "set" of items may include one or more of such items. As used herein, whether in the subject disclosure or the claims, the terms "comprising" , "including" , "carrying" , "having" , "containing" , "involving" , and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of" , respectively, are closed or semi-closed transitional phrases with respect to claims. Use of ordinal terms such as "first" , "second" , "third" , etc., in the claims or the subject disclosure to modify an element does not by itself connote any priority, precedence, or order of one element over another or the temporal order in which acts of a method are performed, but are used merely as labels to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name (but for use of the ordinal term) to distinguish the elements. As used herein, "and / or" and "at least one of" means that the listed items are alternatives, but the alternatives also include any combination of the listed items.
[0040] Before explaining the examples according to the subject disclosure in detail, certain general principles of a wireless communication system are briefly explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 to assist in understanding the technology underlying the described examples.
[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless network 100 that may be used for wireless communications. Wireless network 100 includes wireless devices, such as UEs 110 (e.g., 110A-110B) , and network nodes, such as radio access nodes 120 (e.g., 120A-120B) (e.g., eNBs, gNBs, etc. ) , connected to one or more network nodes 130 over an interconnecting network 125. The network 100 may use any suitable deployment scenarios. UEs 110 within coverage area 115 may each be capable of communicating directly with radio access nodes 120 over a wireless or air interface. In some embodiments, UEs 110 may also be capable of communicating with each other via D2D communication.
[0042] As an example, UE 110A may communicate with radio access node 120A over a wireless or air interface. That is, UE 110A may transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from radio access node 120A. The wireless signals may contain voice traffic, data traffic, control signals, and / or any other suitable information.
[0043] As used herein, the term "user equipment" (UE) has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and may refer to any type of wireless device which may communicate with a network node and / or with another UE in a cellular or mobile or wireless communication system. Examples of UE are target device, D2D UE, machine type UE or UE capable of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, personal digital assistant, tablet, mobile terminal, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE) , laptop mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, ProSe UE, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) UE, V2X UE, MTC UE, eMTC UE, FeMTC UE, UE Cat 0, UE Cat Ml, narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) UE, UE Cat NB1, etc. Example embodiments of a UE are described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 2.
[0044] In some embodiments, an area of wireless signal coverage 115 associated with a radio access node 120 may be referred to as a cell. Particularly with respect to the 5th generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) mobile communication concepts, beams, such as the herein described multicast radio beams (MRBs) may be used within cells for communication. In some embodiments described herein, the UE 110 may be served by radio access node 120A, which be denoted as source cell. Access node 120B may be a candidate cell for handover / cell switching. If the cell of radio access node 120B is selected as target for handover / cell switching, the cell of radio access node 120B may be denoted as target cell. Although not shown in FIG. 1, there may be more than one candidate cell provided by more than one other radio access node 120. It is noted that a source cell and target cell may also be provided by the same BS.
[0045] With respect to a beam-based mobile communication system, the radio access node 120 (base station) may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 110 in one or more transmit directions (transmission beam, Tx beam) . The UE 110 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 120 in one or more receive directions (reception beam, Rx beam) . The UE 110 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 120 in one or more directions and the base station 120 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 110 in one or more directions. The base station 120 and the UE 110 may determine the best receive and transmit directions, e.g., best in the sense of these directions leading to the highest link quality or fulfilling other quality conditions in the most suitable manner, for each of the base station / UE pairs.
[0046] The interconnecting network 125 may refer to any interconnecting system capable of transmitting audio, video, signals, data, messages, etc., or any combination of the preceding. The interconnecting network 125 may include all or a portion of a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , a public or private data network, a local area network (LAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a local, regional, or global communication or computer network such as the Internet, a wireline or wireless network, an enterprise intranet, or any other suitable communication link, including combinations thereof.
[0047] In some embodiments, the network node 130 may be a core network node, managing the establishment of communication sessions and other various other functionalities for UEs 110. Examples of network node 130 may include mobile switching center (MSC) , MME, serving gateway (SGW) , packet data network gateway (PGW) , operation and maintenance (O&M) , operations support system (OSS) , SON, positioning node (e.g., Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center, E-SMLC) , location server node, MDT node, etc. UEs 110 may exchange certain signals with the network node 130 using the non-access stratum (NAS) layer. In non-access stratum signaling, signals between UEs 110 and the network node 130 may be transparently passed through the radio access network. In some embodiments, radio access nodes 120 may interface with one or more network nodes 130 over an internode interface.
[0048] As used herein, the term "network node" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and may correspond to any type of radio access node (or radio network node) or any network node, which may communicate with a UE and / or with another network node in a cellular or mobile or wireless communication system. Examples of network nodes are NodeB, MeNB, SeNB, a network node may belonging to MCG or SCG, base station (BS) , multi-standard radio (MSR) radio access node such as MSR BS, eNodeB, network controller, radio network controller (RNC) , base station controller (BSC) , relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS) , access point (AP) , transmission point, transmission node, RRU, RRH, node in distributed antenna system (DAS) , core network node (e.g., MSC, MME, etc. ) , O&M, OSS, Self-organizing Network (SON) , positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC) , MDT, test equipment, etc. Example embodiments of a network node are described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 3.
[0049] In some embodiments, radio access node 120 may be a distributed radio access node. The components of the radio access node 120, and their associated functions, may be separated into two main units (or sub-radio network nodes) which may be referred to as the central unit (CU) and the distributed unit (DU) . Different distributed radio network node architectures are possible. For instance, in some architectures, a DU may be connected to a CU via dedicated wired or wireless link (e.g., an optical fiber cable) while in other architectures, a DU may be connected a CU via a transport network. Also, how the various functions of the radio access node 120 are separated between the CU (s) and DU (s) may vary depending on the chosen architecture.
[0050] In some embodiments, radio access nodes 120 may communicate with each other over terrestrial or other connections. The communication between the radio access nodes 120 may, e.g., in a 5G / NR communication system may be achieved by using an Xn interface connecting the radio access nodes 120.
[0051] Exemplary wireless communication systems are architectures standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . A latest 3GPP based development is often referred to as the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology (RAT) . The various development stages of the 3GPP specifications are referred to as releases. More recent developments of the LTE are often referred to as LTE Advanced (LTE-A) . The LTE (LTE-A) employs a radio mobile architecture known as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and a core network known as the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) . Base stations of such systems are known as evolved or enhanced Node Bs (eNBs) and provide E-UTRAN features such as user plane Packet Data Convergence / Radio Link Control / Medium Access Control / Physical layer protocol (PDCP / RLC / MAC / PHY) and control plane Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol terminations towards the communication devices. Other RAT examples comprise those provided by base stations of systems that are based on technologies such as WLAN and / or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) . A base station may provide coverage for an entire cell or similar radio service area. Core network elements include Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Serving Gateway (S-GW) and Packet Gateway (P-GW) .
[0052] An example of a suitable communications system is the 5G or NR concept. Network architecture in NR may be similar to that of LTE-A. Base stations of NR systems may be known as next generation Node Bs (gNBs) . Changes to the network architecture may depend on the need to support various radio technologies and finer Quality of Service (QoS) support, and some on-demand requirements for QoS levels to support Quality of Experience (QoE) of user point of view. Also network aware services and applications, and service and application aware networks may bring changes to the architecture. Those are related to Information Centric Network (ICN) and User-Centric Content Delivery Network (UC-CDN) approaches. NR may use multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) antennas, many more base stations or nodes than the LTE (aso-called small cell concept) , including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and perhaps also employing a variety of radio technologies for better coverage and enhanced data rates.
[0053] Future networks may utilize network functions virtualization (NFV) which is a network architecture concept that proposes virtualizing network node functions into "building blocks" or entities that may be operationally connected or linked together to provide services. A virtualized network function (VNF) may comprise one or more virtual machines running computer program codes using standard or general type servers instead of customized hardware. Cloud computing or data storage may also be utilized. In radio communications this may mean node operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or node operationally coupled to a remote radio head. It is also possible that node operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, nodes, or hosts. It should also be understood that the distribution of labour between core network operations and base station operations may differ from that of the LTE or even be non-existent.
[0054] An example 5G core network (CN) comprises functional entities. The CN is connected to a UE via the radio access network (RAN) . An UPF (User Plane Function) whose role is called PSA (PDU Session Anchor) may be responsible for forwarding frames back and forth between the DN (data network) and the tunnels established over the 5G towards the UEs exchanging traffic with the data network (DN) . The UPF is controlled by an SMF (Session Management Function) that receives policies from a PCF (Policy Control Function) . The CN may also include an AMF (Access &Mobility Function) .
[0055] Generally, all concepts disclosed herein may be applicable to different communication networks, comprising but not limited to LTE, LTE-A, 5G, 5G advanced, 6G, and other future or already implemented networks.
[0056] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for the UE. In an embodiment, the apparatus may comprise the UE, in yet another embodiment the apparatus is comprised in the UE, and in another embodiment the apparatus is the UE. The apparatus may comprise a wireless device. The apparatus may comprise at least one processor 220 and at least memory 230 storing computer program instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 220, cause the apparatus to carry out the embodiments of the UE 110 described herein. UE 110 includes a transceiver 210, processor 220, memory 230, and a network interface 240. In some embodiments, the transceiver 210 facilitates transmitting wireless signals to and receiving wireless signals from radio access node 120 (e.g., via transmitter (s) (Tx) , receiver (s) (Rx) and antenna (s) ) . The processor 220 executes instructions to provide some or all of the functionalities described herein as being provided by UE 110, and the memory 230 stores the instructions executed by the processor 220. In some embodiments, the processor 220 and the memory 230 form processing circuitry.
[0057] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog, and / or digital and / or quantum circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuit (s) and software, such as (as applicable) : (i) a combination of analog, and / or digital and / or quantum hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any or all portions of hardware processor (s) (including digital signal and / or quantum processor (s) ) with software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile device, computing device, or server, to perform various functions) and (c) any or all portions of hardware circuit (s) , such as microprocessor (s) , processor (s) and / or quantum processor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0058] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0059] The processor 220 may include any suitable combination of hardware to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all of the described functions of UE 110 described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 220 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and / or other logic.
[0060] The memory 230 is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and / or other instructions capable of being executed by a processor 220. Examples of memory 230 include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM) ) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory computer-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processor 220 of UE 110. For example, the memory 230 includes computer program code causing the processor 220 to perform processing according to the methods described herein.
[0061] The network interface 240 is communicatively coupled to the processor 220 and may refer to any suitable device operable to receive input for UE 110, send output from UE 110, perform suitable processing of the input or output or both, communicate to other devices, or any combination thereof. The network interface 240 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., port, modem, network interface card, etc. ) and software, including protocol conversion and data processing capabilities, to communicate through a network.
[0062] Other embodiments of UE 110 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 2 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the wireless device’s functionalities, including any of the functionalities described herein and / or any additional functionalities (including any functionality necessary to support the mechanisms according to the subject disclosure) . As an example, UE 110 may include input devices and circuits, output devices, and one or more synchronization units or circuits, which may be part of the processor 220. Input devices include mechanisms for entry of data into UE 110. For example, input devices may include input mechanisms, such as a microphone, input elements, a display, etc. Output devices may include mechanisms for outputting data in audio, video and / or hard copy format. For example, output devices may include a speaker, a display, etc.
[0063] In some embodiments, the wireless device UE 110 may comprise a series of modules configured to implement the functionalities of the wireless device described herein. Moreover, in some embodiments, the UE 110 may also comprise means for the functionalities described herein.
[0064] It will be appreciated that the various modules may be implemented as combination of hardware and software, for instance, the processor, memory, and transceiver (s) of UE 110 shown in FIG. 2. Some embodiments may also include additional modules to support additional and / or optional functionalities.
[0065] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of an apparatus for a radio access node 120 or network node 130. The apparatus may comprise at least one processor 220 and at least memory 230 storing computer program instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 220, cause the apparatus to carry out the embodiments of the network node 130 or radio access node 120 described herein. The example radio access node 120 or network node 130 may include one or more of a transceiver 310, processor 320, memory 330, and network interface 340. In some embodiments, the transceiver 310 facilitates transmitting wireless signals to and receiving wireless signals from wireless devices, such as UE 110 (e.g., via transmitter (s) (Tx) , receiver (s) (Rx) , and antenna (s) ) . The processor 320 executes instructions to provide some or all of the functionalities described herein as being provided by the radio access node 120 or the network node 130, the memory 330 stores the instructions executed by the processor 320. In some embodiments, the processor 320 and the memory 330 form processing circuitry. The network interface 340 may communicate signals to backend network components, such as a gateway, switch, router, Internet, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) , core network nodes or radio network controllers, etc.
[0066] The processor 320 may include any suitable combination of hardware to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all of the described functions of the radio access node 120 or the network node 130, such as those described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 320 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and / or other logic.
[0067] The memory 330 is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and / or other instructions capable of being executed by a processor 320. Examples of memory 330 include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM) ) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory computer-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information. For example, the memory 330 includes computer program code causing the processor 320 to perform processing according to the methods described herein.
[0068] In some embodiments, the network interface 340 is communicatively coupled to the processor 320 and may refer to any suitable device operable to receive input for the radio access node 120 or the network node 130, send output from the radio access node 120 or the network node 130, perform suitable processing of the input or output or both, communicate to other devices, or any combination of the preceding. The network interface 340 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., port, modem, network interface card, etc. ) and software, including protocol conversion and data processing capabilities, to communicate through a network.
[0069] Other embodiments of the radio access node 120 or the network node 130 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 3 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the node’s functionalities, including any of the functionalities described herein and / or any additional functionalities (including any functionality necessary to support the solutions described herein) . The various different types of radio access nodes or network nodes may include components having the same physical hardware but configured (e.g., via programming) to support different radio access technologies, or may represent partly or entirely different physical components.
[0070] Processors, interfaces, and memory similar to those described with respect to FIG. 3 may be included in other nodes (such as UE 110, radio access node 120, etc. ) . Other nodes may optionally include or not include a wireless interface (such as the transceiver described in FIG. 3) .
[0071] In some embodiments, the radio access node 120 or the network node 130 may comprise a series of modules configured to implement the functionalities of the radio access node 120 or the network node 130 described herein. Moreover, in some embodiments, the radio access node 120 or the network node 130 may also comprise means for the functionalities described herein.
[0072] It will be appreciated that the various modules may be implemented as combination of hardware and software, for instance, the processor, memory, and transceiver (s) of the radio access node 120 or the network node 130 shown in FIG. 3. Some embodiments may also include additional modules to support additional and / or optional functionalities.
[0073] Before referring to FIGs. 5 to 9 describing methods and apparatuses for improved early timing advance acquisition in detail, further information on early timing advance acquisition in general and the issues arising are given in the following and explained with respect to FIGs. 4 and 5.
[0074] Generally, early timing advance acquisition comes into play for L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) . As defined in 3GPP TS 38.300, e.g., in version 18.4.0, LTM is a procedure in which a gNB receives L1 or L3 measurement report (s) from a UE 100, and on their basis the gNB 120 may change UE's 120 serving cell by a cell switch command signalled via a MAC CE. The cell switch command indicates an LTM candidate configuration that the gNB 120 previously prepared and provided to the UE 110 through RRC signaling. Then the UE 110 switches to the target configuration according to the cell switch command. The LTM procedure can be used to reduce the mobility latency.
[0075] When configured by the network, it is possible to activate Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) states of one or multiple cells that are different from the current serving cell. For instance, the TCI states of the LTM candidate cells can be activated in advance before any of those cells become the serving cell. This allows the UE 110 to be DL synchronized with those cells, thereby facilitating a faster cell switch to one of those cells when cell switch is triggered. All the activated TCI states except those received in the cell switch command are deactivated upon LTM cell switch execution. When configured by the network, it is possible to initiate UL TA acquisition (called early TA or early TA) procedure of one or multiple cells that are different from the current serving cells. Further information can be found in 3GPP TS 38.300, v18.4.0, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0076] The procedure for LTM is defined in 3GPP TS 38.300 as follows: 1. The UE sends a MeasurementReport message to the gNB. The gNB decides to configure LTM and initiates LTM preparation. 2. The gNB transmits an RRCReconfiguration message to the UE including the LTM candidate configurations. 3. The UE stores the LTM candidate configurations and transmits an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the gNB. 4a. The UE performs DL synchronization with the LTM candidate cell (s) before receiving the cell switch command. The UE may activate and deactivate TCI states of LTM candidate cell (s) , as triggered by the gNB and defined in 3GPP TS 38.133. 4b. The UE may perform UL synchronization with LTM candidate cell (s) before receiving the cell switch command, by using UE-based TA measurement, if configured, and / or by transmitting a preamble towards the candidate cell, as triggered by the gNB. When UE-based TA measurement is configured, UE acquires the TA value (s) of the candidate cell (s) by measurement. UE performs early TA acquisition with the candidate cell (s) as requested by the network before receiving the cell switch command as specified in clause 9.2.6 and TS 38.133. This is done via contention-free RA (CFRA) triggered by a PDCCH order from the source cell, following which the UE sends preamble towards the indicated candidate cell. In order to minimize the data interruption of the source cell due to CFRA towards the candidate cell (s) , the UE does not receive random access response from the network for the purpose of TA value acquisition and the TA value of the candidate cell is indicated in the cell switch command. The UE does not maintain the TA timer for the candidate cell and relies on network implementation to guarantee the TA validity. 5. The UE performs L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate cell (s) and transmits L1 measurement reports to the gNB. L1 measurement should be performed as long as RRC reconfiguration (step 2) is applicable. The UE can also perform L3 measurement reporting to the gNB, including beam level measurement results on cell (s) which are configured as LTM candidate cell (s) according to the received network configuration. 6. The gNB decides to execute cell switch to a target cell and transmits an LTM cell switch command MAC CE triggering cell switch by including a target configuration ID which indicates the index of the candidate configuration of the target cell, a beam indicated with a TCI state or beams indicated with DL and UL TCI states, and a timing advance command for the target cell, if available. The UE switches to the target cell and applies the candidate configuration indicated by the target configuration ID. 7. The UE performs the random access procedure towards the target cell, if UE does not have valid TA of the target cell as specified in clause 5.18.35 of 3GPP TS 38.321. 8. The UE completes the LTM cell switch procedure by sending RRCReconfigurationComplete message to target cell. If the UE has performed a RA procedure in step 7 the UE considers that LTM cell switch execution is successfully completed when the random access procedure is successfully completed. For RACH-less LTM, the UE considers that LTM cell switch execution is successfully completed when the UE determines that the network has successfully received its first UL data.
[0077] In 3GPP TS 38.133, e.g., version 18.8.0, herein incorporated by reference, PDCCH ordered Random Access for LTM is defined. According to 3GPP TS 38.133, the requirements for PDCCH ordered-based Random Access Channel (RACH) to an inter-frequency target cell are only applicable, when network has configured UE 110 to perform SSB based L3 measurement with beam measurement reporting or L1 measurement for the target cell before the PDCCH order, or the SFN of the serving cell from which PDCCH order is received and the SFN of the target cell are the same. Moreover, particular times needed for additional processes relating to a RACH transmission (which takes place in a PRACH, i.e., RACH transmission and PRACH transmission are used herein interchangeably) are defined, among them, an interruption time for RF retuning and a time for RF and baseband preparation. The times needed are related with a UE's capability as is defined in 3GPP TS 38.306, v18.3.0, and depend on frequency positions of the RACH transmission. Values are signalled in pdcch-RACH-SwitchingTimeList-r18 and pdcch-RACH-PrepTimeList-r18 information elements.
[0078] For developments on improvements for early TA, possible collisions between valid random access (RA) occasion (RO) and SSB or other measurement reference signals (e.g. CSI-RS) associated with different cells in time domain were identified, which is due to that RO validation is only performed per cell. The collision could happen when the different cells for RACH preamble transmission and measurements are in the same frequency band or in different frequency bands. It is questioned how to handle the collision between an SSB and a RO associated with different cells. Currently, RACH shall be prioritized over SSB, if the collision is outside a measurement gap (MG) . If collision happens within a MG, it is up to UE implementation, i.e., UE 110 may transmit or drop RACH when the RACH occasion colliding with the MG occasion.
[0079] Moreover, a RA procedure triggered by a PDCCH order is always considered to be completed after one attempt to transmit the RA preamble, i.e., the maximum number of transmissions of an RA preamble is 1. If a UE cannot or does not transmit the RA preamble because of a colliding measurement gap, the RA procedure is considered completed, i.e., the network needs to transmit a PDCCH order again. A retransmission of the RA preamble is not allowed for the UE 110.
[0080] This means, in LTM and by design, there is no automatic retransmission for RACH in PDCCH-triggered RA. Namely, if the UE drops the RACH transmission attempt, subsequent UE’s behavior is not clear or undefined. Another problem arises when considering the LTM related PRACH procedure. This procedure leads to handover, and early procedures, such as early TCI state activation may be used. When TCI state is activated, the UE 110 may maintain the DL synchronization of the TCI state only for a limited time (e.g. 160 ms) after the activation. This means that if the UE does not transmit RACH, and the network needs to retransmit PDCCH order. This results in a delay of the overall procedure. In particular, in some scenarios, the UE 110 loses DL synchronization with the activated TCI state before the UE can complete the PRACH transmission as there is a delay in source cell to retransmit PDCCH order. This added delay would make the TCI state activation useless, or at least it would have no impact on the cell switch interruption.
[0081] The PDCCH ordered RACH collision with MG may happen, for instance if the network considers only measurement thresholds on early UL synchronization. Adding MGs to the decision process will increase the implementation process and may delay the transmission of PDCCH ordered RACH on the network side. This disclosure therefore presents a solution for improved early timing advance acquisition, which clarifies the UE behavior if a collision occurs between a network-ordered RACH transmission and a measurement within a MG.
[0082] As already indicated above, for a network-ordered (e.g., PDCCH-ordered) PRACH transmission, the UE 110 is configured with one or more possible random access preamble transmission occasions, in which the RA preamble transmission may take place. However, the UE 110 may need additional time for performing processes before and after transmission of the RA preamble. Hence, one or more processes, also denoted as components or particularly as delay components, relate to one PRACH transmission occasion for an RA transmission in LTM. This is shown in FIG. 4.
[0083] In LTM, a PRACH transmission order 401 indicates to the UE 110 to transmit a RA to a target cell (e.g., of network node 120B) . The UE 110 then also is aware of one or more PRACH transmission occasions 402. For such a PRACH transmission occasion 402 (also denoted herein as random access preamble transmission occasion) , the UE 110 knows when to transmit the random access preamble, i.e., PRACH transmission 403.
[0084] Moreover, depending on the frequency position of the PRACH (compared to the current serving cell, e.g., of network node 120A) , the UE 110 needs to perform further processes that also require a specific time as described above. For example, if the frequency location of the PRACH is on an active bandwidth part of the UE 110, the one or more processes may only comprise the random access preamble transmission 403. If the frequency location is on a configured bandwidth part of the UE 110, the one or more processes may comprise the random access preamble transmission 403 and processes 404 and 405 for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission 403. If the frequency location is outside a configured bandwidth part of the UE 110, the one or more processes may comprise the random access preamble transmission 403, processes 404 and 405 for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission 403, and a process 406 for radio frequency and / or base band processing.
[0085] Since all these processes 403, 404, 405, 406 –if present –form part of one network-ordered PRACH transmission procedure 407, these processes are considered when determining whether a time collision between a measurement gap and a PRACH transmission occasion is present. In other words, a collision of a measurement gap and a PRACH transmission occasion is not only determined if a time collision between the measurement gap and the actual time interval of the PRACH transmission, i.e., the PRACH transmission occasion is detected but also if other a time collision between the measurement gap and further processes needed for the network-ordered PRACH transmission procedure 407 is detected. For example, if a measurement gap collides with 404, the UE may have been already been retuning to measurement gap. When the UE retunes back from the measurement gap, there may not be sufficient time to perform a new retuning before 403 PRACH transmission occasion. This means that the UE cannot use the PRACH transmission due to collision with 404.
[0086] FIG. 5 now illustrates possible scenarios for time collisions of measurement gaps with processes relating to a PRACH transmission occasion 402, i.e., processes included in the PRACH transmission procedure 407. The PRACH transmission order 401 initiates the processes as was described with respect to FIG. 4.
[0087] In the first scenario, the UE 110 is aware of an MG 501. This timely overlaps with the PRACH transmission 403, and detection of a collision of the PRACH transmission occasion and the MG 501 occurs.
[0088] In the second scenario, the UE 110 is aware of an MG 502, which timely overlaps, only in part, with the time interval of the radio retuning interruption 405 and a collision is detected. As is apparent, also only partial time overlaps qualifies for determining a collision. However, in some cases, a partial time overlap may not be considered as collision, e.g., if the UE 110 can still perform the processes as not the whole time period of process 405 is required. This is described later with respect to FIG. 8.
[0089] In the third scenario, the UE 110 is aware of an MG 503, which timely overlaps with both processes 404 and 406. As is apparent, this also qualifies as a collision, at least if the frequency location of the PRACH is not in an active bandwidth part as has been described above.
[0090] In the fourth scenario, the UE 110 is aware of an MG 504, which timely overlaps with the PRACH transmission and processes 404 and 406 and a collision will be detected. In some examples, multiple MGs may have to be considered for determining whether a collision is present, e.g., MG 502 and 503, which will be no collision if the PRACH is on an active bandwidth part but a collision in other frequencies.
[0091] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the method according to the disclosure. The method may be performed by a user equipment (e.g., UE 110) . The method starts with receiving, from a network node of a source cell, a message for early timing advance acquisition (e.g., a PRACH order 401) as indicated in box 61. The message for early timing advance acquisition may be a message for transmission of a random access preamble to a network node of a target cell and may be at least one of a physical downlink control channel order (e.g., similar to the PDCCH DCI order currently defined in the herein cited 3GPP technical specification) , a control message (e.g., a 5G or 6G MAC CE) , or an Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) message.
[0092] The method proceeds in box 62 with determining a valid random access preamble transmission occasion of multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions 402 (i.e., PRACH occasion for transmission a RA preamble) . The valid random access preamble transmission occasion is the first random access preamble transmission occasion after reception of the message for early timing advance acquisition having no collision with a measurement gap. As explained above, the collision may consider all processes required to transmit the random access preamble in the occasion 402. In some embodiments, the UE 110 may, for determining a time interval of the measurement gap, consider the start of the MG and the length of the MG.
[0093] The first random access preamble transmission is the first in time after the reception of the message for early TA without collision, i.e., where the UE can transmit the PRACH. In some embodiments, the UE may simply check each PRACH occasion 402 in time direction for a time collision (and for exclusion criteria of collision, e.g., if the UE can nevertheless transmit the PRACH when there is a time overlap detected) .
[0094] In some embodiments, the method may comprise counting only the transmission of the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion in a random access preamble transmission counter. This means that the skipping a PRACH occasion 402 is not counted as transmission attempt and no maximum transmission threshold has to be defined (or can be defined to 1 as currently defined in the 3GPP specifications) . Hence, some embodiments do not require a specific validity evaluation procedure but the UE 110 counts only actual transmissions. In other words, the transmissions that do not result preamble transmission may be not counted in a counter, e.g., in PreambleTransMax. For example, if the UE 110 does not transmit preamble because of a determined MG collision, the UE shall transmit the preamble in the next occasion not overlapping with MG. This occasion is the one counted to PreambleTransMax.
[0095] In some examples, not only the PRACH transmission is considered for determining a collision of a PRACH occasion with an MG (as described with respect to FIG. 5 before) . This means that, if any part of the PDCCH ordered RACH procedure collides with an MG, the UE 110 shall find a next non-overlapping PRACH occasion and transmit the PRACH in the (timely fist) non-overlapping PRACH occasion. This may, of course, again apply only if the UE 110 is not able to transmit the PRACH transmission with MG overlap (e.g., by checking no-collision conditions as described later with respect to FIG. 7) .
[0096] In some embodiments, the multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions 402 are required to locate within a time period from the first candidate random access preamble transmission occasion. Hence, it may be defined that the UE 110 is allowed to search for a valid random access preamble transmission occasion for a specific time period after reception of the message for early TA. This specific time period may be defined based on capability of the UE 110 or configured for the UE 110.
[0097] In one example, the UE 110 may use the PRACH occasions 402 only within the same frame. In another example, the UE 110 may use the PRACH occasions 402 in the next N slots / frames, wherein N may be 1, 2, 3, …. In another example, the UE may use the PRACH occasions 402in the next X ms / seconds. N or X may be determined by UE capability signaling, configured by the network, or generally specified by UE requirements.
[0098] In some embodiments as illustrated with FIG. 7, determining the valid random access preamble transmission occasion comprises evaluating a validity of a candidate random access preamble transmission occasion 402. This evaluation starts in box 71 with determining whether a collision of time periods of a measurement gap and one or more processes relating to the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion 402 is present.
[0099] Based on detecting the collision (yes-branch) , the method proceeds in box 72 with determining that the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion 402 is invalid. Otherwise (no-branch) , the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion 402 is valid (box 73) . The candidates may also be selected in time direction, starting with the first after reception of the message for early TA. If one valid random access preamble transmission occasion is found, the evaluation may stop.
[0100] As is also illustrated with FIG. 7, in an optional additional embodiment (shown with dashed lines) , the evaluation may further comprise checking no-collision conditions, i.e., conditions for considering a time overlap not to be a collision as shown in box 74. These no-collision conditions may comprise checking whether the measurement gap and the candidate PRACH occasions 402 are in different frequency ranges and / or whether the UE 110 is capable of prioritizing the transmission of the random access preamble over the measurement gap. If not, a collision of the measurement gap and the candidate PRACH occasion 402 is confirmed (no-branch) and the candidate PRACH occasion 402 is invalid (box 72) . Otherwise (yes-branch) , the candidate PRACH occasion 402 is valid (box 73) . This check for no-collision conditions may also be performed before analyzing whether there is a time overlap of time periods, i.e., before detecting a collision of time periods.
[0101] In some scenarios, the UE 110 may consider a type of the MG when determining whether the PRACH can be transmitted in parallel to an MG. If the MG type allows the UE 110 to transmit PRACH in parallel, the UE may always start the procedure from PDCCH ordered RACH without further MG configuration evaluation. A type of an MG may refer, e.g., to a frequency range of the MG or to which measurement the MG relates. For example, frequency range 1 (FR1) UL transmission may only be impacted by FR1 MGs. This may be the case, e.g., because FR1 and FR2 have different transmitters / receivers. UL transmission on FR2 does, thus, not necessarily impact FR1 serving cell. However, if we have a serving cell (e.g. SCell on FR2, then this would be impacted) .
[0102] As said before, the validity evaluation and using a valid RACH occasion may be based on a UE capability. The capability may be defined such that the UE 110 is capable of transmitting PRACH during MG. If the UE is not supporting this prioritization capability, the UE 110 may perform validity evaluation and select a PRACH transmission occasion 402 that is not overlapping. In another example, the capability is defined such that the UE is able to evaluate validity of the PRACH occasion 402 and select an occasion that is not overlapping with MG.
[0103] Particularly for the embodiments of FIG. 7 but also in general for embodiments relating to FIG. 6, the presence of one or more processes 404, 405, 406 (in addition to the transmission 403 itself) relating to a PRACH occasion 402 may be determined based on a frequency location of the transmission of a random access preamble. For example: ● in response to the frequency location being on an active bandwidth part of the UE 110, the time periods of the one or more processes may comprise the random access preamble transmission 403 time; ● in response to the frequency location being on a configured bandwidth part of the UE 110, the time periods of the one or more processes may comprise the random access preamble transmission 403 time and an interruption time for radio frequency retuning 404, 405 before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion 402; and / or ● in response to the frequency location being outside a configured bandwidth part of the UE 110, the time periods of the one or more processes may comprise the random access preamble transmission 403 time, an interruption time for radio frequency retuning 404, 405 before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion 402, and a preparation time for radio frequency and / or base band processing 406.
[0104] Returning now to FIG. 6, in which the method ends with transmitting the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion as shown with box 63. In embodiments, the source cell may be a current serving cell of the UE 110 and / or the target cell may be a configured candidate cell for cell switching.
[0105] In some embodiments, the time periods of the one or more processes may be determined based on actual time needed to perform the one or more processes 403, 404, 405, 406 (and not based on capability-based predetermined time durations) . This said, the actual time needed may differ from a time provided with capability signaling to the source cell. Hence, a UE 110 can determine exactly how much time it needs and can consider a PRACH occasion 402 valid, which would not be considered valid if capability signaling times were considered. The actual time may be determined as a time required to perform the tasks related to RF or BB retuning. The actual time may also depend on radio conditions UE is experiencing currently, e.g., in a specified last time period. The actual time may be compared to a time interval which stems from requirements defined in a technical specification, wherein the time interval of the technical specification may be longer than the actual time.
[0106] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise determining a collision in response to a time overlap between the measurement gap and the one or more processes 403, 404, 405, 406 being larger than a threshold. Hence, partial overlaps, if the overlapping part is small and, e.g., leaves enough time for the UE to transmit the PRACH and return timely to or from the MG, a threshold may be defined, e.g., preconfigured in the UE 110 or signaled by the network.
[0107] A UE 110 that is configured according to the method described with respect to FIG. 6 is also presented herein. The UE 110 may comprise means for performing the processes described herein. Moreover, the method processes described may be implemented as algorithms, which are executed by a processor of the UE 110 and involve other components as described with respect to FIG. 2. A network node 120A, 120B is also presented herein. This network node 120A, 120B may perform the counterpart processes to the processes of the UE 110 as described herein. The network node 120A, 120B may comprise means and store algorithms as was described for the UE 110 in a similar manner.
[0108] FIG. 8 illustrates a determination of a valid random access preamble transmission occasion at the UE 110. An implementation at the UE 110 may consider the times needed for actual PRACH transmission 403 and for the additional processes 404, 405, 406 as described above. While times needed to perform one or more of these processes 404, 405, 406 may be defined in specifications based on UE capability signaling, the UE 110 itself may be aware of the time actually needed for performing the processes 404, 405, 406, which may differ to the ones defined in specifications.
[0109] For example, the UE 110 may not need in practice as much as 10 ms for RF / BB retuning 404, 405 even if this amount of time is provided to the network in the UE's capability signaling. Moreover, in some examples, the UE 100 may not need a slot level interruption but may be able to perform the processes 404, 405 in a symbol level interruption time duration. The UE 110 may determine a number of symbols / slots overlapping with MG and determine whether the UE 110 has enough time to perform PRACH transmission 403 (with all required additional processes) before the MG is scheduled to take place.
[0110] In some implementations, the UE 110 may determine a distance from the PDCCH order 401 to the PRACH transmission occasion 402 and consider the overlapping part of the PRACH transmission occasion 402 with MG (e.g., MG 501, 502, 503, 504) . If the overlapping part of the PRACH occasion 402 (with all required additional processes) is less than predefined or internally preconfigured value, e.g., N slots, the UE 110 may determine that it is able to use the PRACH occasion 402 overlapping with MG. For examples, if a retuning time (i.e., relating to processes 404, 405) of the UE 110 is very short, the UE110 may use one slot to perform RF / BB processing 406, one for interruption 404, 405, and preform the PRACH transmission 403 on the third slot.
[0111] In FIG. 8, two candidate PRACH occasions 402A, 402B are depicted. The UE 110 receives the PRACH order 401. The UE 110 starts with evaluating the validity of the first PRACH occasion (i.e., whether PRACH procedure can be processed without MG collision) . As can be seen, the slots 801 of an MG overlap with the PRACH occasion 407A. In this case, the UE 110 determines that there is a collision (and, e.g., that the PRACH cannot be prioritized over MG, transmitted in parallel etc. ) and that there is not enough time for the UE 110 to transmit the PRACH and perform retuning before the MG. The first PRACH occasion 402A is, thus, evaluated to be invalid.
[0112] The next candidate PRACH occasion 402 does itself not overlap with the slots 803 of the MG but a specific RF retuning time 802 according to the UE capability signaling is also required. In this case, the UE 110 specifically determines that only one slot 804 is actually needed (and, e.g., not 2 as based on UE capability signaling) and –although a time overlap with the slots 803 of the MG with the retuning time 802 is present –no collision is detected and the PRACH occasion 402B is determined to be valid.
[0113] FIG. 9 is a message flow diagram of an embodiment according to the disclosure. A UE 110 is connected to a source cell of a first network node 120A. In 901, the UE 110 transmits an L3 measurement report, e.g., a MeasurementReport message as defined in the above cited 3GPP specifications for 5G of Release 18.
[0114] In 902, the network via the source cell of network node 120A, configures the UE 110 with an LTM candidate cell configuration, e.g., in an RRCReconfiguration message as defined in the above cited 3GPP specifications for 5G of Release 18. In some embodiments, the network may also transmit a MG configuration with this message or in another separate message.
[0115] In 903, the UE 110 transmits a measurement report, which may be an L1 or L3 measurement beam level measurement report. In other words, the UE 110 performs L1 measurements on the configured LTM candidate cell (s) and transmits L1 measurement reports to the source cell. The UE may also perform L3 measurement reporting to the source cell, including beam level measurement results on cell (s) , which are configured as LTM candidate cell (s) according to the received network configuration.
[0116] In 904, the network triggers PDCCH ordered RACH. In addition, the network may also trigger early TCI state activation for a candidate cell, i.e., a target cell of a second network node 120B (as defined in the above cited 3GPP specifications for 5G of Release 18) .
[0117] According to the herein presented solution, the UE 110 then evaluates the PDCCH ordered RACH validity in 905. If the UE 110 is not able to transmit RACH preamble at RACH transmission occasion (determined, e.g., according to embodiments described herein above) , the UE 110 waits until the next valid PRACH transmission occasion is available (as depicted with reference numeral 906) . In 907, the UE 110 then transmits the RACH preamble in the first valid PRACH transmission occasion to the target cell.
[0118] The network then determines the timing advance to UE 110 at the target cell of the network node 120B in 908. In 909, the target cell delivers the determined timing advance to the source cell, which include the TA information in the LTM cell switch command, which is transmitted in 910 to the UE 110. The UE 110 may then execute RACH-less cell switch to the target cell.
[0119] In alternative embodiments, 909 and 910 may be replaced by 911, i.e., after determination of the TA at the target cell, the target cell may transmit this TA information directly to the UE 110. If the target transmits the TA back to the UE, time duration from preamble transmission to TA reception at the UE side may not also be allowed to overlap with MG. In some further embodiments, the message with the TA information may then also comprise the switch command. In all embodiments described herein, the source cell and the target cell may also be provided by one network node 120.
[0120] The herein described procedures may be applied per model or per functionality level or across models or functionalities of a given entity, e.g., as a UE feature. It should be understood that the apparatuses described herein may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and / or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
[0121] It is noted that whilst embodiments have been described in relation to LTE or 5G similar principles may be applied in relation to other networks and communication systems (e.g., future 3GPP mobile communication systems like 6G or other mobile communication systems) where cell switching is present. Therefore, although certain embodiments were described above by way of example with reference to certain example architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, embodiments may be applied to any other suitable forms of communication systems than those illustrated and described herein.
[0122] It is also noted herein that while the above describes exemplary embodiments, there are several variations and modifications which may be made to the disclosed solution without departing from the scope of the subject disclosure. In general, the various exemplary embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the subject disclosure may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the subject disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the subject disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0123] Example embodiments of the subject disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or program, also called program product, including software routines, applets and / or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks. A computer program product may comprise one or more computer-executable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry out embodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one software code or portions of it.
[0124] Further in this regard it should be noted that any blocks of the logic flow as in the figures may represent program processes, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program processes and logic circuits, blocks and functions. The software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD. The physical media is a non-transitory media. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0125] The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general-purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
[0126] Example embodiments of the subject disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.
[0127] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0128] The foregoing description has provided by way of non-limiting examples a full and informative description of the exemplary embodiment of the subject disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings of this disclosure will still fall within the scope of the subject disclosure as defined in the appended claims. Indeed, there is a further embodiment comprising a combination of one or more embodiments with any of the other embodiments previously discussed.
Claims
1.A method performed by a user equipment comprising:- receiving, from a network node of a source cell, a message for early timing advance acquisition;- determining a valid random access preamble transmission occasion of multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions, wherein the valid random access preamble transmission occasion is the first random access preamble transmission occasion after reception of the message for early timing advance acquisition having no collision with a measurement gap; and- transmitting the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the message for early timing advance acquisition comprises at least one of a physical downlink control channel order, a control message, or an Abstract Syntax Notation One message for transmission of a random access preamble to a network node of a target cell.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising:- counting only the transmission of the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion in a random access preamble transmission counter.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the source cell is a current serving cell of the user equipment and / or the target cell is a configured candidate cell for cell switching.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions are required to locate within a time period from the first candidate random access preamble transmission occasion.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the time period is defined based on capability of the user equipment or is configured for the user equipment.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein determining the valid random access preamble transmission occasion comprises:- evaluating a validity of a candidate random access preamble transmission occasion by:- detecting a collision of time periods of a measurement gap and one or more processes relating to the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion; and- based on detecting the collision, determining that the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion is invalid.8.The method of claim 7, wherein evaluating the validity further comprises:- in response to the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasions being in different frequency ranges and / or the user equipment being capable of prioritizing the transmission of the random access preamble over the measurement gap, detect no collision of the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion.9.The method of any one of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the presence of the one or more processes is determined based on a frequency location of the transmission of a random access preamble.10.The method of claim 9, wherein, in response to the frequency location being on an active bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time.11.The method of claim 9 or claim 10, wherein, in response to the frequency location being on a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time and an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion.12.The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, in response to the frequency location being outside a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time, an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion, and a preparation time for radio frequency and / or base band processing.13.The method of any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the time periods of the one or more processes are determined based on actual time needed to perform the one or more processes, wherein the actual time needed differs from a time provided with capability signaling to the source cell.14.The method of any one of claims 7 to 13 further comprises:- determining a collision in response to a time overlap between the measurement gap and the one or more processes being larger than a threshold.15.A user equipment comprising:- at least one processor; and- at least one memory storing instruction that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment at least to:- receive, from a network node of a source cell, a message for early timing advance acquisition;- determine a valid random access preamble transmission occasion of multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions, wherein the valid random access preamble transmission occasion is the first random access preamble transmission occasion after reception of the message for early timing advance acquisition having no collision with a measurement gap; and- transmit the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion.16.The user equipment of claim 15, wherein the message for early timing advance acquisition comprises at least one of a physical downlink control channel order, a control message, or an Abstract Syntax Notation One message for transmission of a random access preamble to a network node of a target cell.17.The user equipment of claim 15 or claim 16 being further caused to:- count only the transmission of the random access preamble in the valid random access preamble transmission occasion in a random access preamble transmission counter.18.The user equipment of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the source cell is a current serving cell of the user equipment and / or the target cell is a configured candidate cell for cell switching.19.The user equipment of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the multiple candidate random access preamble transmission occasions are required to locate within a time period from the first candidate random access preamble transmission occasion.20.The user equipment of claim 19, wherein the time period is defined based on capability of the user equipment or is configured for the user equipment.21.The user equipment of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein, for determining the valid random access preamble transmission occasion, the user equipment is further configured to:- evaluate a validity of a candidate random access preamble transmission occasion by:- detect a collision of time periods of a measurement gap and one or more processes relating to the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion; and- based on detecting the collision, determine that the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion is invalid.22.The user equipment of claim 21, wherein, for evaluating the validity, the user equipment is further caused to:- in response to the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasions being in different frequency ranges and / or the user equipment being capable of prioritizing the transmission of the random access preamble over the measurement gap, detect no collision of the measurement gap and the candidate random access preamble transmission occasion.23.The user equipment of any one of claim 21 or claim 22, wherein the presence of the one or more processes is determined based on a frequency location of the transmission of a random access preamble.24.The user equipment of claim 23, wherein, in response to the frequency location being on an active bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time.25.The user equipment of claim 23 or claim 24, wherein, in response to the frequency location being on a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time and an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion.26.The user equipment of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein, in response to the frequency location being outside a configured bandwidth part of the user equipment, the time periods of the one or more processes comprise the random access preamble transmission time, an interruption time for radio frequency retuning before and after the random access preamble transmission occasion, and a preparation time for radio frequency and / or base band processing.27.The user equipment of any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the time periods of the one or more processes are determined based on actual time needed to perform the one or more processes, wherein the actual time needed differs from a time provided with capability signaling to the source cell.28.The user equipment of any one of claims 21 to 27 being further caused to:- determine a collision in response to a time overlap between the measurement gap and the one or more processes being larger than a threshold.29.A computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by a user equipment, cause the user equipment to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.