Timer operation during conditional lower layer triggered mobility procedure
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085478
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure CN2025085478_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TIMER OPERATION DURING CONDITIONAL LOWER LAYER TRIGGERED MOBILITY PROCEDURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] This application relates generally to communication networks and, in particular, to operations during conditional lower layer triggered mobility (CLTM) procedure.BACKGROUND
[0002] Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specifications (TSs) define standards for wireless networks. These TSs describe aspects related to user plane and control plane signaling over the networks.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment in accordance with some embodiments.
[0004] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0005] FIG. 3 illustrates an operation flow / algorithmic structure in accordance with some embodiments.
[0006] FIG. 4 illustrates another operation flow / algorithmic structure in accordance with some embodiments.
[0007] FIG. 5 illustrates another signaling diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0008] FIG. 6 illustrates another operation flow / algorithmic structure in accordance with some embodiments.
[0009] FIG. 7 illustrates a user equipment in accordance with some embodiments.
[0010] FIG. 8 illustrates a network node in accordance with some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, and techniques to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrases “A / B” and “A or B” mean (A) , (B) , or (A and B) ; and the phrase “based on A” means “based at least in part on A, ” for example, it could be “based solely on A” or it could be “based in part on A. ”
[0012] The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.
[0013] The term “circuitry, ” as used herein, refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components that are configured to provide the described functionality. The hardware components may include an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a programmable logic device (PLD) , a complex PLD (CPLD) , a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD) , a structured ASIC, or a programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) ) , or a digital signal processor (DSP) . In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry.
[0014] The term “processor circuitry, ” as used herein, refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, recording, storing, or transferring digital data. The term “processor circuitry” may refer to an application processor, baseband processor, central processing unit (CPU) , graphics processing unit, single-core processor, dual-core processor, triple-core processor, quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes.
[0015] The term “interface circuitry, ” as used herein, refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I / O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, and network interface cards.
[0016] The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities that may allow a user to access network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, or reconfigurable mobile device. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless / wired device or any computing device, including a wireless communications interface.
[0017] The term “computer system, ” as used herein, refers to any type of interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing or networking resources.
[0018] The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component or asset within a computing or network environment, or a physical or virtual component within, accessible by, or available to a device or component. Resources could include, but are not limited to, memory space / usage, processor / CPU time, processor / CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input / output operations, ports or network sockets, channel / link allocations, throughput, or workload units. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, or networking resources provided by physical hardware elements. A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, or networking resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, or system. The term “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by, or available to, computer devices / systems for transferring information over a channel of a communication network. For example, communication resources may include, but are not limited to, time / frequency resources, code resources, modulation resources, etc. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services and may include computing or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects, or services accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable.
[0019] The term “channel, ” as used herein, refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, that is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with or equivalent to “communications channel, ” “data communications channel, ” “transmission channel, ” “data transmission channel, ” “access channel, ” “data access channel, ” “link, ” “data link, ” “carrier, ” “radio-frequency carrier, ” or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link, ” as used herein, refers to a connection between two devices for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information.
[0020] The terms “instantiate, ” “instantiation, ” and the like as used herein refers to the creation of an instance. An “instance” also refers to a concrete occurrence of an object, which may occur, for example, during the execution of program code.
[0021] The term “connected” may mean that two or more elements at a common communication protocol layer have an established signaling relationship with one another over a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.
[0022] The term “network element, ” as used herein, refers to physical or virtualized equipment or infrastructure used to provide wired or wireless communication network services. The term “network element” may be considered synonymous with or referred to as a networked computer, networking hardware, network equipment, network node, or a virtualized network function.
[0023] The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element or a data element that contains content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.
[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment 100 in accordance with some embodiments. The network environment 100 may include a UE 104 communicatively coupled with a base station 108 of a radio access network (RAN) 110. The UE 104 and the base station 108 may communicate over air interfaces compatible with 3GPP TSs, such as those that define a Fifth Generation (5G) new radio (NR) system, a Sixth Generation (6G) system, or a later system. The base station (BS) 108 may provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 104.
[0025] Operations described herein as associated with devices of the network environment 100 (for example, the UE 104 and the base station 108) may be fully, substantially, or partially performed by the processor circuitry of the device.
[0026] The network environment 100 may further include a core network 112. For example, the core network 112 may comprise a 5G Core network (5GC) , a 6G core network (6GC) , or a later generation core network. The core network 112 may be coupled to the base station 108 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The core network 112 may provide functions for the UE 104 via the base station 108. These functions may include managing subscriber profile information, subscriber location, authentication of services, or switching functions for voice and data sessions. The core network 112, RAN 110, and RAN 110 may collectively be referred to as network 102.
[0027] The network environment 100 may further include a data network 120. Data network 120 may include a system of interconnected nodes that facilitate data transmission between UE 104 and various application servers and other service providers. The base station 108 and the core network 112 may route application data between the UE 104 and external data network 120 or application servers. These application servers host web applications, cloud storage, and multimedia streaming services, which communicate with the UE 104 via standardized protocols and interfaces defined by 3GPP, ensuring secure and efficient data exchange.
[0028] Lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) may occur when network 102 determines that the serving cell’s signal quality has degraded or that UE 104 may benefit from transitioning to a better-suited target cell. This determination may be based on periodic or event-triggered measurement reports from UE 104, which may include metrics such as synchronization signal block (SSB) or channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) measurements. Alternatively, UE 104 may initiate LTM if it detects conditions indicating poor signal quality or mobility-related issues, such as degradation in beam-specific metrics. LTM may also be triggered proactively, where network 102 configures UE 104 with candidate cell information, enabling early synchronization and readiness for a cell switch. Early synchronization may involve downlink (DL) synchronization using activated Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) states, allowing UE 104 to establish timing alignment with candidate cells while remaining connected to the serving cell.
[0029] Conditional Layer 1 / Layer 2 Triggered Mobility (CLTM) may build upon LTM principles but introduce execution conditions that must be met before the mobility procedure is triggered. These conditions may be based on Layer 1 measurements, such as beam-specific quality metrics, or Layer 3 measurements, such as aggregated cell-level metrics. For example, the execution of CLTM may depend on predefined thresholds of signal strength or quality, allowing mobility to occur only when specific criteria are satisfied. Conditional LTM may enhance the reliability and adaptability of mobility procedures by tying the process to real-time network or UE conditions. This approach may also allow UE 104 to perform early synchronization with candidate cells while delaying the actual cell switch until the conditions are met. During CLTM execution, network 102 may signal the switch via a media access control (MAC) control element (CE) and provide updated timing advance (TA) information for the target cell if the execution condition is met.
[0030] The differences between LTM, CLTM, handover, and cell reselection may lie in the operational context and signaling requirements. LTM may operate in radio resource control (RRC) connected mode using lower-layer triggers for mobility decisions, while CLTM introduces additional criteria for execution, enabling more precise control of mobility processes. Handover, a Layer 3 mobility procedure, typically relies on higher layer signaling and may involve a broader set of operations, such as updating network contexts and security keys. Cell reselection, on the other hand, may occur in RRC idle mode, where UE 104 autonomously selects a new cell based on signal quality without network direction. In contrast, LTM and Conditional LTM may be active-mode mobility procedures, where network 102 plays a central role in configuring and directing mobility operations for UE 104 in connected mode. Ongoing data forwarding between the source and target cells may continue during the completion phase of both LTM and CLTM to prevent data loss or interruption.
[0031] CLTM operation may involve four distinct phases: preparation, early synchronization, cell switch execution, and cell switch completion. These phases may collectively enable mobility transitions for UE 104 by tying the cell switch execution to predefined conditions or events. Each phase may rely on specific configurations, measurements, and signaling interactions between UE 104 and network 102 to facilitate conditional mobility processes.
[0032] During the CLTM preparation phase, network 102 may configure UE 104, e.g., by configuration 125, with CLTM configuration 140. CLTM configuration may include candidate cell information (e.g., candidate cell 152, 162, or 172) , including execution conditions tied to Layer 1 (physical layer) or Layer 3 (network layer) measurements. These execution conditions may be associated with parameters such as beam identifiers, signal thresholds, or timing advance (TA) values (e.g., TA value 156, 166, or 176) . Network 102 may transmit this information via an RRC reconfiguration message (e.g., configuration 125) , allowing UE 104 to store the candidate cell configurations for subsequent conditional mobility operations. Each candidate cell may include its own execution condition, which may trigger the CLTM process when satisfied. Network 102 may also coordinate with candidate cells to gather channel state information (CSI) resource configurations necessary to support CLTM operations.
[0033] The early synchronization phase may include operations for preparing UE 104 for a conditional cell switch by enabling early downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) synchronization with candidate cells (e.g., candidate cells 152, 162, or 172) . For early DL synchronization, network 102 may activate timing and spatial configuration information or transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states associated with candidate cells, allowing UE 104 to synchronize with those cells while remaining connected to the serving cell. For UL synchronization, network 102 may trigger early timing advance acquisition by sending a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) order, instructing UE 104 to transmit a preamble toward the candidate cell. The preamble transmission may enable base station 108 to calculate and share TA information with UE 104, which may be used during the conditional cell switch. If the execution conditions tied to the candidate cells are not met, UE 104 may maintain synchronization states with the candidate cells without initiating the switch.
[0034] The CLTM cell switch execution phase may occur when the predefined execution conditions for a candidate cell are satisfied. Network 102 may signal the cell switch to UE 104 via a MAC CE, which may include the target cell configuration and execution details. This command may specify the beam identifiers, TA values, and candidate cell configuration index associated with the target cell. Upon receiving the cell switch command, UE 104 may apply the target cell configuration and transition to the target cell. If the TA value provided by network 102 is valid and the execution conditions are fulfilled, UE 104 may perform a random access channel-less (RACH-less) switch to the target cell, enabling immediate data transmission using configured uplink grants. If no valid TA value is available, UE 104 may perform a RACH-based switch to acquire the necessary TA for uplink transmission.
[0035] The CLTM cell switch completion phase may finalize the conditional mobility process once UE 104 has successfully transitioned to the target cell and established communication with the target cell. UE 104 may send an RRC reconfiguration completion message to network 102, confirming the successful application of the target cell configuration. Network 102 may also initiate signaling to release resources associated with the previous serving cell, enabling a clean transition. During the completion phase, ongoing data forwarding between the source and target cells may continue, ensuring continuity in communication. CLTM may also support subsequent mobility operations by maintaining candidate cell configurations, allowing UE 104 to execute further conditional cell switches without requiring new configurations after each mobility event.
[0036] The UE 104 may utilize a TA timer (e.g., TA Timer 158, 168, or 178) as a mechanism to maintain uplink synchronization with base station 108 or candidate cells (e.g., candidate cells 152, 162, or 172) in wireless communication systems. TA values may be calculated by network 102 based on the propagation delay between UE 104 and base station 108, enabling UE 104 to align its uplink transmissions with the network’s timing requirements. The TA timer may be used to determine the validity of a TA value and maintain the uplink synchronization status. If the TA timer expires, UE 104 may perform a random access procedure (e.g., RACH procedure) to acquire a new TA value and restore synchronization. TA timers may be utilized in mobility procedures, such as CLTM.
[0037] In some embodiments, the CLTM TA timer (e.g., TA Timer 158, 168, or 178) may be started or restarted when UE 104 receives the TA value for a candidate cell sent by the MAC CE from the current serving cell. If the CLTM TA timer associated with a candidate cell is running, UE 104 may consider the TA for that candidate cell to be valid. If the timer expires, UE 104 may determine that the TA for that candidate cell is invalid. If UE 104 has a valid TA value at the time of CLTM execution, UE 104 may perform RACH-less CLTM; otherwise, UE 104 may perform RACH-based CLTM. The CLTM TA Timer may be maintained per candidate configuration. Whether the received CLTM TA values of other candidate cells are released or remain valid at UE 104 upon CLTM execution may be further specified.
[0038] In some instances, CSI-RS may be used during mobility procedures to support beam management and enhance operations. CSI-RS may provide high-resolution measurements for beam-specific quality, enabling UE 104 to select optimal beams for synchronization and data transmission during transitions. CSI-RS may be associated with TCI states in mobility signaling, such as MAC CE for cell switch or candidate cell TCI state activation / deactivation. These associations may allow dynamic adjustments to beam configurations, facilitating accurate alignment with target cells. CSI-RS could be associated with the indicated TCI state in the LTM cell switch MAC CE and in the candidate cell TCI state Activation / Deactivation MAC CE. Measurement Report MAC CE may complement CSI-RS usage by transmitting beam-level measurement results to network 102. The Measurement Report MAC CE may be transmitted with a higher Logical Channel Priority (LCP) than data from any Logical Channel, except data from the uplink common control channel (UL-CCCH) . The Measurement Report MAC CE may also support truncated event-triggered reports when the available grant is insufficient for the full report. The Measurement Report MAC CE may be transmitted with the same Logical Channel priority as MAC CE for Enhanced Beam Failure Recovery (BFR) . Measurement Report MAC CE transmission may not be limited to specific serving cells, allowing flexibility in reporting.
[0039] During CLTM operations, network 102 may configure either Layer 1 (L1) or Layer 3 (L3) execution conditions for candidate cells. UE 104 may begin evaluating execution conditions upon receiving the mobility configuration. The UE 104 starts execution condition evaluation once it receives the CLTM configuration, including the CLTM execution condition. L1-based execution conditions may be evaluated per candidate beam, while L3-based execution conditions may consolidate measurements across multiple beams to derive cell-level metrics. When a candidate beam or cell satisfies the execution condition, UE 104 may perform RACH-less CLTM using the associated beam if a valid TA value exists. Beam selection for RACH-less CLTM (configured grant (CG) case) may be based on the beam that meets the CLTM execution condition. If multiple beams simultaneously meet the execution condition, UE 104 may select a beam and proceed with mobility based on its implementation.
[0040] In some instances, dynamic grant (DG) may enable uplink transmissions without requiring preconfigured resources, allowing network 102 to allocate uplink grants dynamically based on real-time conditions. However, the first DG-based UL transmission for RACH-less CLTM may not be supported. CG may be preferred for these transmissions. For RACH-based CLTM, Contention-Free Random Access (CFRA) may be supported when CFRA resources are included in candidate cell configurations. In the absence of CFRA resources, Contention-Based Random Access (CBRA) may be used to acquire uplink synchronization with the target cell. Inter-CU mobility may involve transitions between cells managed by different central units (CUs) , requiring coordination between source and candidate cells during mobility preparation. For intra-CU CLTM, it may be up to network implementation to configure candidate cells belonging to the same CU as the current serving cell with execution conditions.
[0041] Fast recovery mechanisms during CLTM may provide a fallback option in cases of mobility failure. UE 104 may initiate CBRA to reestablish synchronization with the target cell if a CLTM failure occurs. This recovery procedure may help maintain reliability during conditional mobility transitions, ensuring continuity in communication even when unexpected interruptions arise.
[0042] UE 104 may process configuration 125 received from network 102, which may include signaling to support mobility operations such as CLTM. Configuration 125 may provide detailed information and parameters for executing conditional mobility procedures, including CLTM configuration 140. This configuration may define candidate cells or groups of candidate cells to facilitate synchronization and mobility transitions. The signaling for configuration 125 may include RRC signaling for higher-layer configurations or MAC CE signaling for lower-layer configurations, providing the UE 104 with the necessary information for CLTM execution.
[0043] CLTM configuration 140 may include a primary candidate cell group 150. The primary candidate cell group 150 may represent a set of candidate cells associated with the primary Timing Advance Group (pTAG) 150 of UE 104. Primary candidate cell group 150 may include an indication of one or more candidate cells, such as candidate cell 152, which may be associated with uplink synchronization parameters, including TA value 156 or TA timer 158. The TA value 156 may be used to configure TA timer 158, allowing UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness with candidate cells in the group. Additionally or alternatively, primary candidate cell group 150 may include an indication of one or more secondary cells (SCells) , such as SCell 154. In some embodiment, the SCell associated with the candidate primary cell (PCell) , e.g., the candidate cell 152, may belong to the same TA group as the candidate cell. Network 102 may use RRC signaling to provide the configuration of primary candidate cell group 150, including TA values 156 and associated timers 158.
[0044] CLTM configuration 140 may include a secondary candidate cell group 160. Secondary candidate cell group 160 may represent candidate cells associated with a secondary Timing Advance Group (sTAG) or cells that are independent of the primary group. Secondary candidate cell group 160 may include one or more candidate cells, such as candidate cell 162, which may be configured with synchronization parameters, including TA value 166 and TA timer 168. TA value 166 may be used to configure TA timer 168, allowing UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness for candidate cells in the secondary group. Candidate cells in secondary candidate cell group 160 may operate independently of the primary group, ensuring flexibility in managing mobility transitions across diverse deployment scenarios. In some embodiment, the SCell associated with the candidate PCell, e.g., the candidate cell 152, may belong to the secondary TA group 160. Network 102 may use MAC CE signaling to provide lower-layer configurations for secondary candidate cell group 160, enabling dynamic adjustments to synchronization settings based on real-time conditions.
[0045] CLTM configuration 140 may also include the configuration of a standalone candidate cell, such as candidate cell 172. Candidate cell 172 may represent an individual cell that is not part of a primary or secondary group but may still be associated with specific synchronization parameters. Candidate cell 172 may be configured with TA value 176 and TA timer 178, which may allow UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness with the candidate cell. Additionally, candidate cell 172 may include one or more associated SCells, such as SCell 174, which may operate in coordination with candidate cell 172 for uplink synchronization and secondary transmissions. The configuration of candidate cell 172 may be signaled through a combination of RRC and MAC CE, ensuring that UE 104 receives both higher-layer and lower-layer parameters to facilitate mobility operations.
[0046] These components of CLTM configuration 140 may individually or collectively define the candidate cells, groups, and synchronization parameters necessary for UE 104 to execute conditional mobility procedures. By providing detailed configurations for primary candidate cell group 150, secondary candidate cell group 160, or candidate cell 172, network 102 may enable management of synchronization and mobility transitions, allowing continuity and reliability in RRC connected mode.
[0047] CLTM operation may involve maintaining uplink synchronization and addressing challenges in managing candidate TA values and timers during mobility transitions. CLTM operations may include determining the validity of TA values for candidate cells, maintaining their timing configurations, and performing mobility transitions. Different configurations and interactions between UE 104 and network 102 may be used to manage the complexities of mobility scenarios while retaining flexibility in execution.
[0048] In some embodiments, the configuration and maintenance of candidate cell TA timers may involve determining the granularity of TA timer settings across candidate cells. For example, network 102 may configure the TA timer for each candidate cell individually, applying a specific timer value per cell. Alternatively, a single TA timer value may be configured for all candidate cells or for a set of candidate cells grouped (e.g., primary candidate cell group 150 or secondary candidate cell group 160) based on deployment similarities. UE 104 may store and associate TA values with the corresponding candidate cells or groups, starting and maintaining timers to ensure synchronization readiness during mobility.
[0049] In some embodiments, UE 104 may retain or release candidate cell TA values upon executing CLTM. For instance, network 102 may configure a special value, such as an infinite timer duration, to allow the TA values of certain candidate cells to remain valid even after transitioning to the target cell. Similarly, candidate cells with specific TA values, such as a zero value indicating minimal timing adjustments, may retain their configurations for subsequent mobility procedures. Alternatively, UE 104 may keep all candidate cell TA values and timers active until their configured timers expire or release all candidate cell TA values and timers upon switching to the target cell to simplify synchronization management.
[0050] In some embodiments, the maintenance of TA values and timers for the target PCell during CLTM may involve transitioning from candidate cell timers to legacy TA timers. For example, upon switching to the target cell, UE 104 may stop the candidate cell TA timer and start the legacy TA timer for the target PCell using the remaining duration of the candidate timer as the initial value. Alternatively, UE 104 may keep the candidate cell TA timer active until receiving legacy TA signaling from network 102. This method may allow uplink synchronization to be maintained during transitions, ensuring reliable communication with the target PCell.
[0051] In some embodiments, the operation of TA and uplink transmission on serving cells (SCells) within the same primary Timing Advance Group (pTAG) 150 as the target PCell may depend on the state of TA timers. For example, uplink transmission on SCells in the pTAG may only be permitted when the legacy TA timer or candidate cell TA timer for the PCell is active. Alternatively, the uplink transmission may also depend on the success of the first uplink transmission on the PCell, ensuring synchronization readiness for SCells within the group.
[0052] In some embodiments, the operation of TA and uplink transmission on SCells within sTAGs 160 may involve managing candidate cell timers separately. For instance, UE 104 may stop the candidate cell TA timer for the sTAG 160 and start a legacy TA timer using the remaining duration of the candidate timer as the initial value or assume uplink synchronization readiness based on other criteria. Alternatively, the initial uplink synchronization for sTAG 160 SCells may always rely on legacy TA signaling, ensuring precise timing adjustments for these secondary groups.
[0053] These embodiments provide solutions for managing TA values and timers during CLTM operations, addressing challenges in synchronization and mobility transitions while maintaining flexibility in configuration and execution. By utilizing tailored TA timer settings, retention policies, and synchronization mechanisms, network 102 and UE 104 may perform mobility procedures across diverse deployment scenarios.
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram 200 in accordance with some embodiments. Signaling diagram 200 is an example of the signaling between the UE 104 and the network 102 and the operation at the UE 104 for configuration and maintenance of candidate TA values using a Candidate TA (CTA) Timer.
[0055] At 210, UE 104 may process configuration information received from the network 102. The configuration information may include parameters necessary for managing TA values and CTA timers. These configurations may be signaled using RRC signaling or MAC CE, enabling UE 104 to perform mobility operations such as CLTM. The configuration may include the CTA Timer configuration with details on how the timer is applied to candidate cells. The signaling may provide details about the granularity of CTA timer settings, which could vary depending on the deployment scenario and the grouping of candidate cells. For example, the network 102 may configure the CTA Timer per candidate cell, applying a specific timer value to each cell individually. In this case, UE 104 may associate the configured CTA Timer value with the corresponding candidate cell and maintain the timer accordingly. When UE 104 receives a Candidate TAC MAC CE for a specific candidate cell, UE 104 may start or restart the CTA Timer associated with that cell.
[0056] Alternatively, network 102 may configure a single CTA Timer value applicable to all candidate cells. The CTA Timer configuration may provide a common timer value for all candidate cells, simplifying synchronization management. This configuration may simplify the management of timers, as UE 104 may apply the same timer value across multiple candidate cells without distinguishing between individual configurations. When UE 104 receives a Candidate TA Command (TAC) MAC CE, it may apply the same configured CTA Timer value to all candidate cells. In some instances, network 102 may configure CTA Timer values for a set of candidate cells grouped based on deployment similarities, such as cells within the same Timing Advance Group (TAG) . When UE 104 receives a Candidate TAC MAC CE for a cell within the group, UE 104 associates the TA value with all cells in the group and starts or restarts the CTA Timer for the TAG. In this scenario, UE 104 may associate the configured CTA Timer value with all candidate cells in the group and maintain synchronization readiness across the group. These configurations may provide flexibility in managing CTA timers, allowing UE 104 to adapt to different mobility requirements.
[0057] At 215, the UE 104 may process a CTA command received from the network 102. The TA command may provide specific TA values to enable synchronization with candidate cells or groups of cells during mobility transitions. The Candidate TAC may include TA values and configuration IDs for candidate cells or groups of cells, enabling dynamic adjustments to synchronization settings. The Candidate TAC signal may include information about individual candidate cells, groups of candidate cells, or specific TAG. For example, the signal may be transmitted as a Candidate TAC MAC CE, which may include the TA value and candidate cell configuration ID. The Candidate TAC MAC CE may indicate a TA value associated with a candidate cell or group and may be used to dynamically configure synchronization parameters for CLTM operations. The Candidate TAC MAC CE may be used to dynamically adjust TA values for candidate cells, allowing the UE 104 to maintain uplink synchronization with the configured cells.
[0058] At 220, the UE 104 may store the TA value received from the Candidate TAC and start the CTA Timer for the corresponding candidate cell or candidate cell group with the configured value. The Candidate TAC MAC CE may indicate a TA value associated with a candidate cell or group and may be used to dynamically configure synchronization parameters for CLTM operations. The stored TA value may enable UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness with the corresponding candidate cell. The CTA Timer may be initialized with the configuration provided by the network 102. Upon receiving the Candidate TAC MAC CE, UE 104 stores the TA value and starts or restarts the CTA Timer with the configured value. By storing the TA value and starting the CTA Timer, the UE 104 may prepare for seamless transitions to candidate cells during CLTM operations.
[0059] In some instances, at 225, the UE 104 may receive another TAC, including an updated TA value of the candidate cell or a TA value of another cell within the same TAG. The updated TA value may reflect changes in synchronization parameters for candidate cells or groups, ensuring alignment with mobility configurations. This updated TA value may reflect changes in synchronization parameters for candidate cells or groups of cells, allowing the UE 104 to remain aligned with the current mobility configuration. Network 102 may use RRC or MAC CE signaling to transmit updated TA values dynamically, enabling UE 104 to adjust its synchronization readiness.
[0060] At 230, the UE 104 may update the stored TA value and restart the CTA Timer with the updated TA value. Network 102 may use RRC or MAC CE signaling to transmit updated TA values dynamically, enabling UE 104 to adjust its synchronization readiness. The updated TA value may replace the previously stored value, allowing the UE 104 to use the most recent synchronization parameters for the candidate cell or candidate cell group. Restarting the CTA Timer with the updated value may allow UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness while adapting to changes in mobility configurations. UE 104 restarts the CTA Timer with the updated value to ensure synchronization readiness for subsequent CLTM operations.
[0061] At 235, the UE 104 may detect the expiration of a CTA Timer. When the CTA Timer expires, UE 104 may determine that the TA value associated with the corresponding candidate cell or TAG is no longer valid. Upon CTA Timer expiration, UE 104 may release the TA value associated with the candidate cell or group and stop synchronization readiness for the expired configuration. Expiration of the CTA Timer may trigger UE 104 to take corrective actions, such as performing a random access procedure to acquire updated TA values or releasing invalid synchronization parameters. When the CTA Timer is associated with a TAG, two alternatives are considered for the operations at the UE 104.
[0062] In Alternative 1, the UE 104 may detect that the CTA Timer of a primary CTA group (pCTAG) is expired. When pCTAG’s CTA Timer expires, UE stops all the associated secondary CTA group (sCTAG) ’s CTA Timers, and the C-TA value for all candidate cells in pCTAG and the associated sCTAG are not valid. When the primary CTA group timer expires, UE 104 may release all associated TA values and stop all associated CTA Timers. This approach may cause invalid synchronization parameters to be removed, simplifying the management of mobility configurations. By releasing the TA values and timers of the primary group, UE 104 may prepare to reinitialize synchronization settings based on updated mobility requirements.
[0063] In Alternative 2, the UE 104 may detect that the CTA Timer of a secondary CTA group is expired. When sCTAG’s CTA Timer expires, UE stops the associated sCTAG’s CTA Timer, and the C-TA value for candidate cells in the sCTAG is not valid. The expiration of the secondary group timer may not impact the primary group configurations, allowing UE 104 to maintain synchronization settings for the primary group. UE 104 may release the TA values and timers associated with the secondary group while preserving the configurations of the primary group, ensuring efficient mobility management.
[0064] There are several options for maintaining TA values based on the CTA Timer. In Option 1, one CTA Timer may be used to maintain the TA value per candidate cell. UE 104 may maintain multiple CTA Timers, one for each candidate cell, allowing synchronization readiness for individual configurations. UE 104 may maintain multiple CTA Timers, one for each candidate cell. When UE 104 receives a Candidate TAC MAC CE, it may start or restart the CTA Timer for the indicated candidate cell and store the corresponding TA value. In Option 2, one CTA Timer may be used to maintain the latest TA value for the candidate cell indicated in the Candidate TAC MAC CE. UE 104 may delete the previously stored TA value and candidate cell information, retaining only the latest TA value and associated CTA Timer. The UE 104 may delete the previously stored TA value and candidate cell information, maintaining only one CTA Timer for one candidate cell. In Option 3, one CTA Timer may be used to maintain the TA value for a set of candidate cells grouped as a TAG. When UE 104 receives a Candidate TAC MAC CE for a cell within the group, it may associate the TA value with all cells in the group and start or restart the CTA Timer for the TAG. UE 104 associates the TA value with all cells in the group and starts or restarts the CTA Timer for the TAG. These options may provide flexibility in managing TA values and timers, ensuring that UE 104 remains synchronized with candidate cells during CLTM operations.
[0065] FIG. 3 illustrates an operation flow / algorithmic structure 300 in accordance with some embodiments. The operation flow / algorithmic structure 300 may be performed or implemented by a UE such as, for example, the UE 104 or UE 700; or components thereof, for example, baseband processor circuitry 704A.
[0066] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 300, which may also be referred to simply as “operation 300, ” may include, at 310, processing configuration information. This configuration information may be associated with a candidate cell and may be received from a source cell while UE 104 is connected to the source cell. The configuration information may include a TA value of the candidate cell. The TA value may be used to manage uplink synchronization between UE 104 and the candidate cell. The configuration information may be provided through signaling, such as a RRC message or MAC CE. For example, the configuration may include details about the candidate cell or a group of candidate cells, along with their associated TA values. The processing of configuration information may allow UE 104 to maintain readiness for mobility transitions by associating the received TA values with specific candidate cells.
[0067] In some embodiments, the operation 300 may include receiving the TA value of the candidate cell within a TA command of a MAC CE. The MAC CE may specify the TA value along with a candidate cell configuration ID, enabling UE 104 to dynamically adjust synchronization parameters based on the received configuration. In some cases, the operation may include receiving the configuration information as part of a Candidate TAC MAC CE that is transmitted by the source cell. The Candidate TAC MAC CE may include TA values associated with individual candidate cells or groups of cells, allowing UE 104 to process synchronization settings for multiple cells simultaneously.
[0068] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 300 may include, at 320, identifying a timer value. The operation 300 may include identifying the timer value based on a CTA timer configuration that is associated with only the candidate cell. For example, network 102 may specify a unique timer value for each candidate cell, allowing UE 104 to maintain individual synchronization settings.
[0069] In some embodiments, the operation 300 may include identifying a timer value that is common to a plurality of cells, including the candidate cell. In such cases, network 102 may configure a single timer value applicable to multiple cells, simplifying the management of synchronization parameters. Additionally, the operation may include identifying a timer value for a set of cells grouped as a TAG. For instance, UE 104 may associate the identified timer value with all cells in the group and maintain synchronization readiness for the TAG.
[0070] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 300 may include, at 330, starting a CTA timer with the timer value. The starting of the CTA timer may be based on processing the configuration information received from the source cell, which includes the TA value and associated timer configuration. Upon receiving the configuration, UE 104 may initialize the CTA timer with the identified timer value and associate it with the candidate cell or group of cells. Starting the CTA timer may enable UE 104 to determine the validity of the TA value over time and maintain synchronization readiness with the candidate cell during CLTM operations.
[0071] In some embodiments, the operation 300 may include storing the TA value of the candidate cell upon receiving the configuration information. For example, UE 104 may store the TA value provided by the Candidate TAC MAC CE and use it to maintain synchronization readiness with the candidate cell. In other embodiments, the operation may include processing a second TA value of the candidate cell, restarting the CTA timer based on receiving or processing the second TA value, deleting the first TA value, and storing the second TA value of the candidate cell. This process may allow UE 104 to dynamically update synchronization parameters as new TA values are received.
[0072] In some embodiments, the operation 300 may include managing the CTA timer for a set of candidate cells, including the candidate cell. For instance, the candidate cell may be part of a TAG with multiple cells, and the operation may involve processing a second TA value of another candidate cell in the group, restarting the CTA timer based on the second TA value, and storing the second TA value for the candidate cell. This approach may allow UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness across multiple candidate cells within the group.
[0073] In some embodiments, the operation 300 may include detecting the expiration of a CTA timer associated with the candidate cell or group of cells. For example, upon expiration of the CTA timer for a primary candidate cell group, UE 104 may determine that the TA values associated with the primary group and any secondary groups are invalid. Additionally, the operation may include stopping the CTA timer for a secondary candidate cell group based on the expiration of the timer for the primary group. Alternatively, the operation 300 may involve detecting the expiration of a CTA timer for a secondary group and determining that only the TA values of the secondary group are invalid, preserving the synchronization settings for the primary group.
[0074] FIG. 4 illustrates an operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 in accordance with some embodiments. The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 may be performed or implemented by a UE such as, for example, the UE 104 or UE 700; or components thereof, for example, baseband processor circuitry 704A.
[0075] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400, which may also be referred to simply as “operation 400, ” may include, at 410, initiating a CLTM cell switch to PCell. The initiation of CLTM cell switch to the target PCell) may occur when UE 104 has established synchronization readiness with the candidate cells. The UE 104 may use the TA value of the candidate cell and the associated CTA timer to initiate the cell switch operation. During this process, the UE 104 may evaluate synchronization parameters for the candidate cells. When UE 104 initiates the CLTM cell switch to PCell, UE may use the TA value of the candidate cell and the associated CTA timer to maintain uplink synchronization during the switch operation. The operation flow may involve dynamically adjusting TA values and CTA timers to allow for smooth transitions between cells.
[0076] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 may include, at 420, identifying a TA value of another cell. The operation 400 may include identifying a second TA value and a second CTA timer associated with a second candidate cell. The second candidate cell may be different from the target candidate PCell. The second TA value may represent synchronization parameters for the secondary candidate cell, which may be part of a Timing Advance Group (TAG) or operate independently. The second CTA timer may manage the validity of the second TA value, providing synchronization settings for the secondary candidate cell to remain in sync during the mobility process. UE 104 may identify the second TA value and its associated CTA timer as part of the synchronization configuration for the candidate cells.
[0077] In some embodiments, the operation 400 may include determining that the second CTA timer is not expired and keeping the second TA value based on the determination that the second CTA timer is not expired. For example, if the CTA timer for the secondary candidate cell is still running, UE 104 may retain the TA value associated with the cell, maintaining synchronization readiness for future mobility operations. When UE 104 determines that the second CTA timer has not expired, UE may use the second TA value to maintain uplink synchronization with the secondary candidate cell.
[0078] In some embodiments, the operation 400 may include releasing the second TA value of the second candidate cell and stopping the second CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell. For example, if the CTA timer for the secondary candidate cell expires, UE 104 may determine that the associated TA value is invalid and stop the timer. This operation may remove synchronization settings for the secondary candidate cell while preserving configurations for the primary group.
[0079] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 may include, at 430, determining whether the CTA timer value has a special value. The special value of the CTA timer may indicate specific synchronization conditions for candidate cells. When UE 104 evaluates the CTA timer, UE may determine whether the timer value corresponds to a special value defined by network 102. For instance, the special value may represent an infinite timer duration, allowing the TA value of the candidate cell to remain valid indefinitely. If UE 104 determines that the CTA timer has a special value, UE may retain the TA value associated with the candidate cell for subsequent mobility operations.
[0080] In some embodiments, the operation 400 may include determining that the second TA value is a special value and keeping the second TA value of the second candidate cell based on said determining that the second TA value is a special value. For example, if network 102 specifies a special value for the TA of the secondary candidate cell, UE 104 may retain the TA value regardless of the expiration of the CTA timer. The special value of the second TA may indicate minimal timing adjustments or static synchronization conditions for the secondary candidate cell.
[0081] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 may include, at 440, determining whether the TA value has a special value. The special value of a TA may represent unique synchronization conditions for candidate cells, such as static timing configurations or minimal adjustments required for uplink synchronization. When UE 104 evaluates the TA value, UE may determine whether the value corresponds to a special designation defined by network 102. For example, a special value may indicate zero timing advance adjustments or static synchronization settings that remain valid irrespective of timer expiration. If UE 104 determines that the TA value is a special value, UE may retain the TA value for the candidate cell, ensuring continued synchronization readiness during mobility operations.
[0082] In some embodiments, the operation 400 may include keeping the TA value of the candidate cell based on determining that the TA value is a special value. For instance, network 102 may configure the TA value of the candidate cell with a special value that remains valid even if the associated CTA timer expires. This operation may ensure that synchronization settings for candidate cells with special TA values are preserved, supporting seamless transitions during CLTM.
[0083] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 may include, at 450, keeping all TA values. UE 104 may retain TA values associated with all candidate cells during the mobility operation. When UE 104 keeps all TA values, UE may maintain synchronization readiness across multiple candidate cells and groups. This approach may be used when network 102 configures extended durations for CTA timers or special values for TA parameters. UE 104 may retain the synchronization settings for all candidate cells to support seamless transitions during CLTM operations.
[0084] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 400 may include, at 460, releasing all the TA values. UE 104 may release TA values associated with candidate cells based on the expiration of their respective CTA timers. When UE 104 releases all TA values, UE may stop the associated CTA timers and remove invalid synchronization parameters for the candidate cells. This approach may simplify the management of synchronization settings, allowing UE 104 to reset timing configurations for subsequent mobility operations. UE 104 may release the TA values of all candidate cells when their CTA timers expire, preparing for updated synchronization configurations.
[0085] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram 500 in accordance with some embodiments. Signaling diagram 500 is an example of the signaling between the UE 104 and the network 102 and the operation at the UE 104 for uplink TA operation on target PCell upon CLTM cell switch.
[0086] At 510, the UE 104 may process configuration information received from the network 102. The configuration information may include parameters related to the CTA timer and TA values required for maintaining uplink synchronization. The CTA Timer may be configured as T, e.g., by RRC signaling, where T is the timer value used for managing the validity of TA values. This configuration may be received while the UE 104 is connected to the source cell and may specify the timer value T for the candidate cells. The configuration may also include details about the TA value and the corresponding timer duration, enabling UE 104 to prepare for mobility transitions. By processing the configuration information, UE 104 may align its synchronization readiness with the mobility requirements specified by the network 102.
[0087] At 515, the UE 104 may process a TA Command received from the network 102. The TA Command may include a TA value for the target PCell, which is used to configure synchronization settings for the mobility operation. The TA value provided in the TA Command may enable UE 104 to align its uplink transmissions with the timing requirements of the target PCell. This value may be transmitted through a Candidate TAC MAC CE or other signaling methods, allowing the UE 104 to receive the synchronization parameters before initiating the mobility operation. By processing the TA Command, UE 104 may store the TA value of the target PCell and associate it with the configured CTA Timer.
[0088] At 520, the UE 104 may store the TA value and start the CTA Timer with the configured value, T. The TA value provided by the TA Command may be stored by UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness for the target PCell. The CTA Timer may be started with the value T specified in the configuration, enabling UE 104 to track the validity of the TA value over time. By starting the CTA Timer with the configured value, UE 104 may manage the synchronization parameters for the target PCell during the mobility transition. This process may allow the UE 104 to maintain synchronization alignment while preparing for the cell switch to the target PCell.
[0089] At 525, the UE 104 may initiate the CLTM cell switch to the target PCell. When UE 104 initiates the CLTM cell switch, the TA value of the target PCell and the associated CTA Timer may guide the synchronization process. There are several options regarding maintaining the TA value of the target PCell during the cell switch.
[0090] In Option 1, the UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer for the target PCell and start the legacy TA timer using the remaining time of the candidate cell’s CTA Timer as the initial value. For example, if the candidate cell’s CTA Timer has been running for a duration, UE 104 may calculate the remaining time (T-t1) and use it to initialize the legacy TA timer for the target PCell. This approach may allow the UE 104 to transition from the candidate cell’s timer to the legacy timer while maintaining synchronization readiness.
[0091] In Option 2, the UE 104 may keep the CTA Timer for the target PCell running and assumes that the PCell is in uplink synchronization while the timer is active. During this period, the UE 104 may use the TA value provided by the candidate cell’s configuration to maintain synchronization. If the legacy TA signaling for the target PCell is received while the CTA Timer is running, the UE 104 may transition to the legacy TA timer and stop the CTA Timer. This option may allow the UE 104 to maintain synchronization with the target PCell even before transitioning fully to the legacy TA configuration.
[0092] In Option 3, the UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer but assumes that the TA value for the target PCell is valid for the first uplink transmission. After the first uplink transmission is successfully completed, UE 104 may rely on legacy TA signaling to manage subsequent synchronization operations. If the legacy TA signaling is not received after the first uplink transmission, UE 104 may initiate a Random Access (RA) procedure to acquire the TA value for further synchronization. This option provides a fallback mechanism to address potential gaps in synchronization during the mobility transition. The network 102 is expected to provide the legacy TAC MAC CE in the first downlink transmission in the target cell. Upon the first uplink transmission being successful, but no TAC MAC CE is received, the UE 104 may assume to be out of the uplink sync state and may initiate RACH to acquire TA for the subsequent uplink transmission.
[0093] In Option 4, the UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer for the target PCell and start the legacy TA timer with the configured value. The value may be configured by RRC signaling. This approach directly transitions the synchronization management from the CTA Timer to the legacy TA timer without relying on the remaining duration of the candidate cell’s timer. By using the configured value T, UE 104 may initialize the legacy TA timer for the target PCell and maintain synchronization during the mobility transition.
[0094] These options illustrate different strategies for managing TA values and timers during the CLTM cell switch to the target PCell. By processing configuration information, TA Commands, and CTA Timers, UE 104 may adapt its synchronization parameters to align with the mobility requirements specified by network 102. The flexibility provided by these options may allow UE 104 to handle diverse deployment scenarios.
[0095] FIG. 6 illustrates an operation flow / algorithmic structure 600 in accordance with some embodiments. The operation flow / algorithmic structure 600 may be performed or implemented by a UE such as, for example, the UE 104 or UE 700; or components thereof, for example, baseband processor circuitry 704A.
[0096] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 600, which may also be referred to simply as “operation 600, ” may include, at 610, initiating a cell switch operation. The cell switch operation may involve transitioning UE 104 from the source cell to a candidate cell based on the synchronization parameters provided by the network 102. When UE 104 initiates the CLTM cell switch to the target cell, the CTA Timer for the candidate cell may guide the synchronization process during the mobility transition. This operation may involve evaluating the TA value of the candidate cell and determining the timing configuration required for the switch. The initiation of the cell switch may align the uplink synchronization of UE 104 with the candidate cell by utilizing the TA value associated with the CTA Timer. By initiating the cell switch operation, UE 104 may prepare for seamless mobility transitions while maintaining synchronization readiness.
[0097] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include stopping the CTA Timer based on initiating the cell switch operation to the candidate cell. For example, UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer associated with the candidate cell upon initiating the mobility transition, releasing the timing configuration of the CTA Timer. This operation may allow UE 104 to transition to new synchronization settings for the target cell. In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include processing a legacy TA command and stopping the CTA Timer based on the processing. For instance, upon receiving a legacy TA command, UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer for the candidate cell and transition to legacy TA synchronization settings. This process may involve reconfiguring the timing parameters for the mobility operation.
[0098] The operation flow / algorithmic structure 600 may include, at 620, determining the remaining time of the CTA Timer. The remaining time of the CTA Timer may represent the duration left before the timer expires. UE 104 may calculate the remaining time of the CTA Timer (T-t1) based on the configured value T and the elapsed time t1 since the timer started. This calculation may enable UE 104 to use the remaining time to initialize subsequent synchronization timers. For example, the remaining time of the CTA Timer may be used to configure the legacy TA timer for the target cell. By determining the remaining time of the CTA Timer, UE 104 may adapt its synchronization settings to align with the mobility requirements.
[0099] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include starting a second CTA Timer based on initiating the cell switch operation to the candidate cell. The second CTA Timer may represent a new synchronization timer initialized upon transitioning to the target cell. UE 104 may start the second CTA Timer using the remaining time of the first CTA Timer to maintain synchronization alignment during the mobility process. In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include starting the second CTA Timer based on a value configured by RRC signaling. For example, network 102 may specify the timer duration for the second CTA Timer through RRC signaling, enabling UE 104 to initialize the timer with a predefined value. This approach may allow UE 104 to transition to new synchronization settings while maintaining configuration consistency.
[0100] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include keeping the CTA Timer running after initiating the cell switch operation and determining that the candidate cell is in an uplink sync state based on the CTA Timer running. For example, UE 104 may retain the CTA Timer for the candidate cell during the mobility transition, assuming that the candidate cell remains synchronized while the timer is active. This operation may enable UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness during the initial phases of the cell switch.
[0101] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include stopping the CTA Timer based on initiating the cell switch operation to the candidate cell and determining that the TA value of the candidate cell is valid until an uplink transmission is complete. For example, UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer and assume that the TA value remains valid for the first uplink transmission in the target cell. If the legacy TA signaling is not received after the first uplink transmission, UE 104 may initiate an RA procedure to acquire updated synchronization parameters.
[0102] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include processing a legacy TA command, stopping the CTA Timer based on the processing, and starting a legacy TA timer based on the processing. For instance, upon receiving the legacy TA command, UE 104 may stop the CTA Timer and initialize the legacy TA timer with the configured value provided by the network 102. This operation may enable UE 104 to transition seamlessly to legacy TA synchronization settings while completing the mobility process.
[0103] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include processing the configuration of the candidate cell, where the configuration indicates a secondary cell (SCell) and specifies that the SCell and the candidate cell are in a primary candidate cell group. The configuration may include synchronization parameters for both the candidate cell and the SCell, allowing UE 104 to manage uplink transmissions within the primary candidate cell group. The serving cell may belong to the same TAG as the candidate cell, enabling coordinated uplink synchronization across the group. The configuration of the primary candidate cell group may facilitate seamless mobility transitions by associating synchronization settings with multiple cells within the group.
[0104] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that a legacy TA timer is running and performing uplink transmission on the SCell based on said determining that the legacy TA timer is running. When UE 104 detects that the legacy TA timer is active for the primary candidate cell group, UE 104 may enable uplink transmissions on the SCell using the timing parameters associated with the legacy TA timer. This operation may allow UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness for secondary transmissions within the primary candidate cell group.
[0105] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that the CTA timer or a legacy TA timer is running and performing uplink transmission on the SCell based on determining that the CTA timer or a legacy TA timer is running. UE 104 may monitor the status of both the CTA timer and the legacy TA timer to determine whether uplink synchronization is maintained for the primary candidate cell group. If either timer is active, UE 104 may proceed with uplink transmissions on the SCell, ensuring that synchronization parameters are applied consistently across the group. This operation may provide flexibility in managing uplink transmissions based on the active synchronization timers.
[0106] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that a first uplink transmission is successfully completed on the candidate cell and the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state and scheduling a second uplink transmission on the serving cell based on said determination. UE 104 may evaluate the success of the first uplink transmission on the candidate cell to confirm that the primary candidate cell group is synchronized for uplink operations. Upon determining that the group is in an uplink sync state, UE 104 may schedule subsequent uplink transmissions on the SCell, maintaining coordinated synchronization across the group. This operation may allow UE 104 to adapt its uplink scheduling based on the synchronization status of the primary candidate cell group.
[0107] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that the primary candidate cell group is in an uplink sync state and scheduling a second uplink transmission on the serving cell based on said determination. UE 104 may assess the synchronization status of the primary candidate cell group to verify that uplink transmissions can proceed across the group. If the group is determined to be in an uplink sync state, UE 104 may schedule additional uplink transmissions on the SCell, ensuring that the group remains synchronized during ongoing mobility operations. This operation may enable coordinated uplink transmissions within the primary candidate cell group, facilitating efficient communication across multiple cells.
[0108] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include processing the configuration information, where the configuration indicates a second candidate cell as an SCell associated with a second TA value. The configuration may specify that the first candidate cell is in a primary candidate cell group, and the second candidate cell is in a secondary candidate cell group. UE 104 may process the synchronization parameters for both candidate cells, associating the first TA value with the first candidate cell and the second TA value with the second candidate cell. The secondary candidate cell may be managed with its own CTA timer, initialized based on the second TA value provided by the network 102. This setup allows UE 104 to maintain synchronization readiness across both the primary and secondary candidate cell groups during mobility operations.
[0109] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that the second CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell is initiated based on the second TA value and is running. UE 104 may evaluate the status of the second CTA timer to confirm that the synchronization parameters for the secondary candidate cell remain active during the mobility operation. By determining that the CTA timer is running, UE 104 may prepare for potential synchronization adjustments or transitions involving the secondary candidate cell group.
[0110] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group is in an uplink sync state, stopping the second CTA timer, and starting a third CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group based on a remaining time of the first TA timer or based on a configured value. UE 104 may assess the synchronization status of the secondary candidate cell group to determine whether uplink transmissions can proceed. If the group is confirmed to be in an uplink sync state, UE 104 may stop the second CTA timer and start a third CTA timer to manage synchronization for future operations. The third CTA timer may be initialized using the remaining time of the first TA timer (T-t1) or a value configured by RRC signaling, allowing UE 104 to adapt its synchronization settings dynamically.
[0111] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group is in an uplink sync state and keeping the second CTA timer. UE 104 may retain the second CTA timer for the secondary candidate cell group, maintaining synchronization readiness during mobility operations. By keeping the timer active, UE 104 may ensure that the synchronization settings for the secondary candidate cell group remain aligned with the mobility requirements, supporting continued communication.
[0112] In some embodiments, the operation 600 may include determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group is in an uplink out-of-sync state, processing a legacy TA command, and starting a legacy TA timer based on processing the legacy TA command. If UE 104 detects that the secondary candidate cell group is out of sync, UE 104 may transition to legacy TA synchronization settings by processing the legacy TA command received from network 102. Upon processing the command, UE 104 may initialize the legacy TA timer to manage synchronization for the secondary candidate cell group. This operation may allow UE 104 to recover synchronization alignment for the secondary group while adapting to new timing configurations.
[0113] FIG. 7 illustrates a UE 700 in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 700 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with the UE 104.
[0114] The UE 700 may be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as, for example, mobile phones, computers, tablets, industrial wireless sensors (for example, microphones, carbon dioxide sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, thermometers, motion sensors, accelerometers, laser scanners, fluid level sensors, inventory sensors, electric voltage / current meters, or actuators) , video surveillance / monitoring devices (for example, cameras or video cameras) , wearable devices (for example, a smartwatch) , or Internet-of-things devices.
[0115] The UE 700 may include processors 704, RF interface circuitry 708, memory / storage 712, user interface 716, sensors 720, driver circuitry 722, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 724, antenna 726, and battery 728. The components of the UE 700 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs) , portions thereof, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The block diagram of FIG. 7 is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the UE 700. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the components shown may occur in other implementations.
[0116] The components of the UE 700 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 732, which may represent any type of interface, input / output, bus (local, system, or expansion) , transmission line, trace, or optical connection that allows various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with one another.
[0117] The processors 704 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 704A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 704B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 704C. The processors 704 may include any type of circuitry, or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage 712 to cause the UE 700 to perform operations as described herein. The processors 704 may also include interface circuitry 704D to communicatively couple the processor circuitry with one or more other components of the UE 700.
[0118] In some embodiments, the baseband processor circuitry 704A may access a communication protocol stack 736 in the memory / storage 712 to communicate over a 3GPP-compatible network. In general, the baseband processor circuitry 704A may access the communication protocol stack 736 to: perform user plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, and PDU layer; and perform control plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and a NAS layer. In some embodiments, the PHY layer operations may additionally / alternatively be performed by the components of the RF interface circuitry 708.
[0119] The baseband processor circuitry 704A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms that carry information in 3GPP-compatible networks. In some embodiments, the waveforms for NR may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.
[0120] The memory / storage 712 may include one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media that includes instructions (for example, communication protocol stack 736) that may be executed by one or more of the processors 704 to cause the UE 700 to perform various operations described herein.
[0121] The memory / storage 712 includes any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 700. In some embodiments, some of the memory / storage 712 may be located on the processors 704 themselves (for example, memory / storage 712 may be part of a chipset that corresponds to the baseband processor circuitry 704A) , while other memory / storage 712 is external to the processors 704 but accessible thereto via a memory interface. The memory / storage 712 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory such as, but not limited to, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) , static random access memory (SRAM) , erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) , Flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.
[0122] The RF interface circuitry 708 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front module (RFEM) that allows the UE 700 to communicate with other devices over a radio access network. The RF interface circuitry 708 may include various elements arranged in transmit or receive paths. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, and control circuitry.
[0123] In the receive path, the RFEM may receive a radiated signal from an air interface via antenna 726 and proceed to filter and amplify (with a low-noise amplifier) the signal. The signal may be provided to a receiver of the transceiver that down-converts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of the processors 704.
[0124] In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM may amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier prior to the signal being radiated across the air interface via the antenna 726.
[0125] In various embodiments, the RF interface circuitry 708 may be configured to transmit / receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technologies.
[0126] The antenna 726 may include antenna elements to convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and to convert received radio waves into electrical signals. The antenna elements may be arranged into one or more antenna panels. The antenna 726 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to enable beamforming and multiple input, multiple output communications. The antenna 726 may include microstrip antennas, printed antennas fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, or phased array antennas. The antenna 726 may have one or more panels designed for specific frequency bands including bands in FR1 or FR2.
[0127] The user interface 716 includes various input / output (I / O) devices designed to enable user interaction with the UE 700. The user interface 716 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for accepting an input including, inter alia, one or more physical or virtual buttons (for example, a reset button) , a physical keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, microphones, scanner, headset, or the like. The output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for showing information or otherwise conveying information, such as sensor readings, actuator position (s) , or other like information. Output device circuitry may include any number or combinations of audio or visual display, including, inter alia, one or more simple visual outputs / indicators (for example, binary status indicators such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and multi-character visual outputs, or more complex outputs such as display devices or touchscreens (for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) , LED displays, quantum dot displays, and projectors) , with the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, and the like being generated or produced from the operation of the UE 700.
[0128] The sensors 720 may include devices, modules, or subsystems whose purpose is to detect events or changes in their environment and send the information (sensor data) about the detected events to some other device, module, or subsystem. Examples of such sensors include inertia measurement units comprising accelerometers, gyroscopes, or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems or nanoelectromechanical systems comprising 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, or magnetometers; level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (for example, thermistors) ; pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (for example, cameras or lensless apertures) ; light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (for example, infrared radiation detector and the like) ; depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; and microphones or other like audio capture devices.
[0129] The driver circuitry 722 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control particular devices that are embedded in the UE 700, attached to the UE 700, or otherwise communicatively coupled with the UE 700. The driver circuitry 722 may include individual drivers allowing other components to interact with or control various input / output (I / O) devices that may be present within or connected to the UE 700. For example, driver circuitry 722 may include a display driver to control and allow access to a display device, a touchscreen driver to control and allow access to a touchscreen interface, sensor drivers to obtain sensor readings of sensors 720, and control and allow access to sensors 720, drivers to obtain actuator positions of electro-mechanic components or control and allow access to the electro-mechanic components, a camera driver to control and allow access to an embedded image capture device, audio drivers to control and allow access to one or more audio devices.
[0130] The PMIC 724 may manage power provided to various components of the UE 700. In particular, with respect to the processors 704, the PMIC 724 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.
[0131] A battery 728 may power the UE 700, although in some examples, the UE 700 may be mounted deployed in a fixed location and may have a power supply coupled to an electrical grid. The battery 728 may be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery, such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, and the like. In some implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 728 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.
[0132] FIG. 8 illustrates a network device 800 in accordance with some embodiments. The network device 800 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with base station 108.
[0133] The network device 800 may include processors 804, RF interface circuitry 808 (if implemented as a base station) , core network (CN) interface circuitry 814, memory / storage circuitry 812, and antenna structure 826.
[0134] The components of the network device 800 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 828.
[0135] The processors 804, RF interface circuitry 808, memory / storage circuitry 812 (including communication protocol stack 810) , antenna structure 826, and interconnects 828 may be similar to like-named elements shown and described with respect to FIG. 7.
[0136] The processors 804 may include processor circuitry such as, for example, baseband processor circuitry (BB) 804A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 804B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 804C. The processors 804 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory / storage circuitry 812 to cause the UE 700 to perform operations as described herein. The processors 804 may also include interface circuitry 804D to communicatively couple the processor circuitry with one or more other components of the network device 800.
[0137] The CN interface circuitry 814 may provide connectivity to a core network, for example, a 5th Generation Core network (5GC) using a 5GC-compatible network interface protocol such as carrier Ethernet protocols or some other suitable protocol. Network connectivity may be provided to / from the network device 800 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuitry 814 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs to communicate using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 814 may include multiple controllers to provide connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.
[0138] It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining users’ privacy. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.
[0139] For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, or network element described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate according to one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section.EXAMPLES
[0140] In the following sections, further exemplary embodiments are provided.
[0141] Example 1 includes a method including: processing configuration information associated with a candidate cell, wherein the configuration information is received from a source cell while connected to the source cell and includes a timing advance (TA) value of the candidate cell; identifying a timer value; and starting a candidate TA (CTA) timer with the timer value based on processing the configuration information.
[0142] Example 2 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein the TA value is included in a TA command of a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .
[0143] Example 3 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein said identifying the timer value includes: identifying the timer value based on a CTA timer configuration that is associated with only the candidate cell or is common to a plurality of cells include the candidate cell.
[0144] Example 4 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein further including: storing the TA value of the candidate cell.
[0145] Example 5 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein the TA value is a first TA value, and the method further includes: processing a second TA value of the candidate cell; restarting the CTA timer based on receiving or processing the second TA value; deleting the first TA value; and storing the second TA value of the candidate cell.
[0146] Example 6 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell, the TA value is a first TA value, the TA timer is associated with a set of candidate cells including the first candidate cell, and the method further includes: processing a second TA value of a second candidate cell that is in the set of candidate cells; restarting the TA timer based on receiving or processing the second TA value; and storing the second TA value of the candidate cell.
[0147] Example 7 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell in a primary candidate cell group, the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, the TA value is a first TA value, and the method further includes: detecting an expiration of the first CTA timer associated with primary candidate cell group; determining, based on the expiration of the first CTA timer, that the first TA value associated with the first candidate cell in the primary candidate cell group and a second TA value associated with a second candidate cell in a secondary candidate cell group are invalid; and stopping, based on the expiration of the first CTA timer, a second CTA timer associated with the secondary candidate cell group.
[0148] Example 8 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell in a primary candidate cell group, the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, the TA value is a first TA value, and the method further includes: detecting an expiration of a second CTA timer associated with a second candidate cell in a secondary candidate cell group; and determining, based on the expiration of the second CTA timer, that a second TA value associated with the second candidate cell in the secondary candidate cell group is invalid.
[0149] Example 9 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein, wherein the TA value is a first TA value, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell, the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, and the method further includes: identifying a second TA value and a second CTA timer associated with a second candidate cell; and initiating a cell switch to the first candidate cell.
[0150] Example 10 includes the method of example 9 or some other examples herein further including: determining that a value of the second CTA timer is a special value; and keeping the second TA value of the second candidate cell based on said determining that a value of the second CTA timer is a special value.
[0151] Example 11 includes the method of example 9 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the second TA value is a special value; and keeping the second TA value of the second candidate cell based on said determining that the second TA value is a special value.
[0152] Example 12 includes the method of example 9 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the second CTA timer is not expired; and keeping the second TA value based on said determining that the second TA timer is not expired.
[0153] Example 13 includes the method of example 9 or some other examples herein further including: releasing the second TA value of the second candidate cell; and stopping the second CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell based on said releasing the second TA value.
[0154] Example 14 includes the method of example 1 or some other examples herein further including: initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell; and determining a remaining time associated with the CTA timer.
[0155] Example 15 includes the method of example 14 or some other examples herein, wherein the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, and the method further includes: stopping the first CTA timer based on said initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell; and starting a second CTA timer based on said initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell.
[0156] Example 16 includes the method of example 15 or some other examples herein, wherein the second CTA timer is based on the remaining time associated with the first CTA timer.
[0157] Example 17 includes the method of example 15 or some other examples herein, wherein the second CTA timer is based on a value configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0158] Example 18 includes the method of example 14 or some other examples herein, further including: keeping the CTA timer running after said initiating a cell switch operation; and determining that candidate cell is in uplink sync state based on the TA timer running.
[0159] Example 19 includes the method of example 14 or some other examples herein further including: stopping the CTA timer based on said initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell; and determining that TA value of the candidate cell is valid until an uplink transmission is complete.
[0160] Example 20 includes the method of example 14 or some other examples herein further including: processing a legacy TA command; stopping the CTA timer based on said processing a legacy TA command; and starting a legacy TA timer based on said processing a legacy TA command.
[0161] Example 21 includes the method of example 14 or some other examples herein, wherein the configuration of the candidate cell indicates a serving cell, wherein the serving cell (SCell) and the candidate cell are in a primary candidate cell group.
[0162] Example 22 includes the method of example 21 or some other examples herein further including: determining that a legacy TA timer is running; and performing uplink transmission on the SCell based on said determining that the legacy TA timer is running.
[0163] Example 23 includes the method of example 21 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the CTA timer or a legacy TA timer is running; and performing uplink transmission on the SCell based on said determining that the TA timer or a legacy TA timer is running.
[0164] Example 24 includes the method of example 21 or some other examples herein further including: determining that a first uplink transmission is successfully completed on the candidate cell and the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state; and scheduling a second uplink transmission on the serving cell based on said determination that a first uplink transmission is successfully completed on the candidate cell and the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state.
[0165] Example 25 includes the method of example 21 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state; and scheduling a second uplink transmission on the serving cell based on said determination that the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state.
[0166] Example 26 includes the method of example 14 or some other examples herein, wherein: the candidate cell is a first candidate cell, the TA value is a first TA value, and the CTA timer is a first CTA timer; the configuration information indicates a second candidate cell as a secondary serving cell (SCell) associated with a second TA value; the first candidate cell is in a primary candidate cell group and the second candidate cell is in a secondary candidate cell group; and the method further includes: determining a second CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell that is initiated based on the second TA value and is running.
[0167] Example 27 includes the method of example 26 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group are in an uplink sync state; stopping the second CTA timer; and starting a third CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group based on a remaining time of the first TA timer or based on a configured value.
[0168] Example 28 includes the method of example 26 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group are in an uplink sync state; and keeping the second CTA timer.
[0169] Example 29 includes the method of example 26 or some other examples herein further including: determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group are in an uplink out of sync state; processing a legacy TA command; and starting a legacy TA timer based on said processing the legacy TA command.
[0170] Another example may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or any other method or process described herein.
[0171] Another example may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or any other method or process described herein.
[0172] Another example may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or any other method or process described herein.
[0173] Another example may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions or parts thereof.
[0174] Another example may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions thereof.
[0175] Another example may include a signal as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions or parts thereof.
[0176] Another example may include a datagram, information element, packet, frame, segment, PDU, or message as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure.
[0177] Another example may include a signal encoded with data as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure.
[0178] Another example may include a signal encoded with a datagram, IE, packet, frame, segment, PDU, or message as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in the present disclosure.
[0179] Another example may include an electromagnetic signal carrying computer-readable instructions, wherein execution of the computer-readable instructions by one or more processors is to cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions thereof.
[0180] Another example may include a computer program comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1–29, or portions thereof.
[0181] Another example may include a signal in a wireless network as shown and described herein.
[0182] Another example may include a method of communicating in a wireless network, as shown and described herein.
[0183] Another example may include a system for providing wireless communication, as shown and described herein.
[0184] Another example may include a device for providing wireless communication, as shown and described herein.
[0185] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) . The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from the practice of various embodiments.
[0186] Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.
Claims
1.A method comprising:processing configuration information associated with a candidate cell, wherein the configuration information is received from a source cell while connected to the source cell and includes a timing advance (TA) value of the candidate cell;identifying a timer value; andstarting a candidate TA (CTA) timer with the timer value based on processing the configuration information.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the TA value is included in a TA command of a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .3.The method of claim 1, wherein said identifying the timer value comprises:identifying the timer value based on a CTA timer configuration that is associated with only the candidate cell or is common to a plurality of cells include the candidate cell.4.The method of claim 1 further comprising:storing the TA value of the candidate cell.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the TA value is a first TA value, and the method further comprises:processing a second TA value of the candidate cell;restarting the CTA timer based on receiving or processing the second TA value;deleting the first TA value; andstoring the second TA value of the candidate cell.6.The method of claim 1, wherein, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell, the TA value is a first TA value, the TA timer is associated with a set of candidate cells including the first candidate cell, and the method further comprises:processing a second TA value of a second candidate cell that is in the set of candidate cells;restarting the TA timer based on receiving or processing the second TA value; andstoring the second TA value of the candidate cell.7.The method of claim 1, wherein, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell in a primary candidate cell group, the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, the TA value is a first TA value, and the method further comprises:detecting an expiration of the first CTA timer associated with primary candidate cell group;determining, based on the expiration of the first CTA timer, that the first TA value associated with the first candidate cell in the primary candidate cell group and a second TA value associated with a second candidate cell in a secondary candidate cell group are invalid; andstopping, based on the expiration of the first CTA timer, a second CTA timer associated with the secondary candidate cell group.8.The method of claim 1, wherein, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell in a primary candidate cell group, the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, the TA value is a first TA value, and the method further comprises:detecting an expiration of a second CTA timer associated with a second candidate cell in a secondary candidate cell group; anddetermining, based on the expiration of the second CTA timer, that a second TA value associated with the second candidate cell in the secondary candidate cell group is invalid.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the TA value is a first TA value, the candidate cell is a first candidate cell, the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, and the method further comprises:identifying a second TA value and a second CTA timer associated with a second candidate cell; andinitiating a cell switch to the first candidate cell.10.The method of claim 9 further comprising:determining that a value of the second CTA timer is a special value; andkeeping the second TA value of the second candidate cell based on said determining that a value of the second CTA timer is a special value.11.The method of claim 9 further comprising:determining that the second TA value is a special value; andkeeping the second TA value of the second candidate cell based on said determining that the second TA value is a special value.12.The method of claim 9 further comprising:determining that the second CTA timer is not expired; andkeeping the second TA value based on said determining that the second TA timer is not expired.13.The method of claim 9 further comprising:releasing the second TA value of the second candidate cell; andstopping the second CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell based on said releasing the second TA value.14.The method of claim 1 further comprising:initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell; anddetermining a remaining time associated with the CTA timer.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the CTA timer is a first CTA timer, and the method further comprises:stopping the first CTA timer based on said initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell; andstarting a second CTA timer based on said initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the second CTA timer is based on the remaining time associated with the first CTA timer.17.The method of claim 15, wherein the second CTA timer is based on a value configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling.18.The method of claim 14, further comprising:keeping the CTA timer running after said initiating a cell switch operation; anddetermining that candidate cell is in uplink sync state based on the TA timer running.19.The method of claim 14 further comprising:stopping the CTA timer based on said initiating a cell switch operation to the candidate cell; anddetermining that TA value of the candidate cell is valid until an uplink transmission is complete.20.The method of claim 14 further comprising:processing a legacy TA command;stopping the CTA timer based on said processing a legacy TA command; andstarting a legacy TA timer based on said processing a legacy TA command.21.The method of claim 14, wherein the configuration of the candidate cell indicates a serving cell, wherein the serving cell (SCell) and the candidate cell are in a primary candidate cell group.22.The method of claim 21 further comprising:determining that a legacy TA timer is running; andperforming uplink transmission on the SCell based on said determining that the legacy TA timer is running.23.The method of claim 21 further comprising:determining that the CTA timer or a legacy TA timer is running; andperforming uplink transmission on the SCell based on said determining that the TA timer or a legacy TA timer is running.24.The method of claim 21 further comprising:determining that a first uplink transmission is successfully completed on the candidate cell and the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state; andscheduling a second uplink transmission on the serving cell based on said determination that a first uplink transmission is successfully completed on the candidate cell and the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state.25.The method of claim 21 further comprising:determining that the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state; andscheduling a second uplink transmission on the serving cell based on said determination that the primary candidate cell group is in uplink sync state.26.The method of claim 14, wherein:the candidate cell is a first candidate cell, the TA value is a first TA value, and the CTA timer is a first CTA timer;the configuration information indicates a second candidate cell as a secondary serving cell (SCell) associated with a second TA value;the first candidate cell is in a primary candidate cell group and the second candidate cell is in a secondary candidate cell group; and the method further comprises:determining a second CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell that is initiated based on the second TA value and is running.27.The method of claim 26 further comprising:determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group are in an uplink sync state;stopping the second CTA timer; andstarting a third CTA timer associated with the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group based on a remaining time of the first TA timer or based on a configured value.28.The method of claim 26 further comprising:determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group are in an uplink sync state; andkeeping the second CTA timer.29.The method of claim 26 further comprising:determining that the second candidate cell or the secondary candidate cell group are in an uplink out of sync state;processing a legacy TA command; andstarting a legacy TA timer based on said processing the legacy TA command.30.An apparatus comprising processing circuitry to perform the method of any of claims 1–29.31.One or more non-transitory computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed, cause processing circuitry to perform the method of any of claims 1–29..