Wireless communication methods for sensing and communication, user equipment, and base station
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085645
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085645_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODS FOR SENSING AND COMMUNICATION, USER EQUIPMENT, AND BASE STATIONTECHNICAL FIELDThe present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication methods for sensing and communication, a user equipment (UE) , and a base station.BACKGROUNDIntegrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a next-generation wireless communication paradigm that unifies sensing and communication functions within a shared system. Traditionally operating on separate spectrums and infrastructures, sensing (e.g., radar) and communication have now converged due to growing demands for spectrum efficiency and advanced applications like autonomous driving, smart cities, and IoT. By utilizing the same hardware and spectrum, ISAC reduces cost, saves energy, and enhances system performance. It enables devices to transmit data and sense their environment simultaneously, supporting real-time object detection and high-speed data services.In the prior art, such as WO2022169266A1, the allocation of resources for sensing and communication is performed in a time-division duplex (TDD) manner, where different time resources are assigned to sensing and communication functions. For example, a single hardware unit at the base station switches between sensing and communication tasks at different allocated times. However, this approach negatively affects communication performance, increases latency, and reduces overall system efficiency. Another prior art, WO2023239757A1, addresses the integration of sensing and communication by defining two distinct sets of time-frequency resources corresponding to control channels and sensing signals. The first set is used for transmitting control information, while the second set is used for transmitting and receiving sensing signals. The first set and the second set are allocated different bandwidths to ensure separation of sensing and communication in both time and frequency domains. Although this approach helps avoid signal interference, it still prevents simultaneous operation of sensing and communication, thus limiting system efficiency and real-time capability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new methods that enable simultaneous sensing and communication, improving overall system efficiency and reducing communication latency while overcoming the limitations of existing approaches.SUMMARYAn object of the present disclosure is to propose wireless communication methods for sensing and communication, a user equipment (UE) , and a base station, which can solve issues in the prior art and other issues.In a first aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station, comprises: determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; determining a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .In a second aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) side, comprises: receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and receiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.In a third aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station, comprising: determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; determining a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment side, comprising: receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and receiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station, comprising: determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; determining a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) side, comprises: receiving, form a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and receiving, form the base station, a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) comprises a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The UE is configured to perform the above method.In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a base station comprises a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The base station is configured to perform the above method.In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method.In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method.In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGSIn order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art more clearly, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field can obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of monostatic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system.FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of bi-static ISAC system.FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of multi-static ISAC system.FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of fixed downlink (DL) / uplink (UL) frame pattern.FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of time resources for sensing and communication based on TDD frame design.FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of sensing and communication in different time resources.FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of time-division duplex (TDD) based time resources for sensing and communication.FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of different time windows for communication and sensing.FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of dynamic TDD frame structure for communication.FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of cross-link interference (CLI) in dynamic TDD based frame structure for sensing and communication.FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of Design principle for simultaneous sensing and communication.FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an illustration of subbands for sensing and communication within a carrier band according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of time resources for communication and sensing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of different time resources for sensing and communication with specific time for sensing pulse transmission (Tx) and specific time for sensing pulse receipt (Rx) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of sensing subband configured in flexible slots according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of alternate time resources for sensing pulse Tx and sensing pulse Rx according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of time windows for communication and time window for sensing and communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of explicit configuration of frequency resources of subband for sensing and subband for communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of explicit configuration of frequency resources of sensing subband and implicit derivation of frequency resources of communication subband according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of indication of period of sensing and communication subband dynamically according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of indication of location of sensing and communication subband dynamically according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of indication of location of sensing and communication subband dynamically according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of dynamic Indication of starting resource block (RB) and length of contiguous RBs of sensing subband explicitly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of sensing and communication subbands with overlapped frequency resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of sensing and communication subbands with overlapped time resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of sensing and communication subbands with overlapped time and frequency resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of configuration 1: full flexible subbands for sensing and / or communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of configuration 2: one full-flexible subband for sensing or communication and one semi-flexible subband for Communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 35 is a block diagram of one or more user equipments (UEs) and a base station of communication in a communication network system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.FIG. 36 is a block diagram of a system for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTSEmbodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is an emerging paradigm in next-generation wireless communication systems that aims to unify the traditionally separate functions of sensing and communication. This integration is driven by the increasing demand for more efficient use of the radio spectrum and the need for advanced applications such as autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT) , which require both high-speed data transmission and precise environmental sensing.Historically, communication and sensing systems have operated independently, each with its own dedicated spectrum and infrastructure. Communication systems focus on transmitting data between devices, while sensing systems, such as radar, are used to detect and measure physical phenomena. However, as the radio spectrum becomes increasingly congested, there is a growing need to optimize its usage by combining these functions.ISAC impacts the overlapping requirements of sensing and communication to create a more efficient system. By sharing the same hardware and spectrum resources, ISAC can reduce costs, save energy, and improve performance. For example, a single device can simultaneously transmit data and sense its environment, enabling new capabilities such as real-time object detection and high-speed data streaming.ISAC Topologies:Monostatic ISAC system:In traditional radar systems, a monostatic topology is commonly used, where the same node functions as both the transmitter and receiver, as illustrated in FIG. 1. In such setups, when detecting targets at close range, the sensing signal transmission might still be ongoing when the earliest echo returns. For instance, in an ISAC system aiming to detect targets at a distance of 50 meters, the reflected signal would return approximately 333 nanoseconds later. This is significantly shorter than the 33 microsecond OFDM symbol duration typically used in mid-band TDD deployments. The overlap between transmission and reception can cause significant self-interference, as the ongoing transmission interferes with the reception of the weak target reflection. To manage this self-interference, the receiver must operate in full-duplex mode, necessitating complex radio and antenna solutions.Bi-Static and Multi-static ISAC systems:FIG. 2 illustrates a bi-static sensing system, which mitigates self-interference by utilizing separate nodes for transmission and reception. FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-static sensing system. However, accurately estimating target location and velocity in this setup requires precise time and frequency synchronization between the transmitter and receiver, which is typically more stringent than what is required for communication purposes. In this method, the receiver synchronizes by listening to a signal received over a reference path, ideally a line-of-sight (LoS) or a stable, well-characterized non-LoS path. A similar approach is radio-interface-based synchronization, which is already employed to synchronize base stations over the air. This method ensures effective synchronization for bistatic ISAC systems without the need for excessively tight per-node synchronization.The issue of the above scenarios of ISAC is that how to use the physical resources for both communication and sensing. According to the current technologies, there are at least one of following possible ways to integrate communication and sensing as given below.Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) Frame Structure for ISAC:In wireless communication, FDD employs separate frequency bands for uplink and downlink, allowing simultaneous signal transmission and reception. However, implementing ISAC using an FDD approach-where separate frequency bands are allocated for communication (UL and DL) and sensing-can lead to reduced spectrum efficiency and increased system costs due to the requirement for paired frequency bands. Consequently, this method is less favorable in terms of cost, complexity, and spectrum efficiency.Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Frame Structure for ISAC:Similarly, Time Division Duplexing (TDD) uses a fixed / static configuration of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) subframes within the same frequency band. For example, consider a cell with only DL and UL transmissions and a fixed TDD subframe pattern, as illustrated in FIG. 4. When a TDD frame structure is applied to both sensing and communication, fixed subframes or slots are allocated for DL communication, UL communication, and sensing as illustrated in FIG. 5 below. However, this fixed allocation may limit the physical resources available for communication. In addition, dedicating entire slots or sub-frames to sensing could result in significant resource wastage, as the frequency resources required for sensing are often much smaller than those needed for communication, as detailed in the problem.In prior art WO2022169266A1, the allocation of resources for sensing and communication is configured such that different time resources are assigned in a TDD manner. Specifically, it is proposed that the time resources for sensing can be allocated between the DL and UL time resources of communication. In this approach, a single hardware unit at the base station switches between sensing and communication tasks, at different times allocated for each function, as illustrated in FIG. 6. However, this approach negatively impacts communication performance and increases communication latency, creating inefficiencies in the system.FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified representation of how sensing and communication modules operate using different time resources in the prior art. Sensing module 601 is responsible for performing tasks such as environmental detection. Communication module 602 is responsible for handling data transmission and reception. Time resources 603 are allocated in a TDD for use by the sensing module 601 and the communication module 602. In this configuration, sensing and communication cannot be performed simultaneously and must share time resources through switching, which leads to reduced system efficiency and increased communication latency.In WO2023239757A1, the integration of sensing and communication is addressed by defining two distinct sets of time-frequency resources for different functionalities: control channel resources and sensing signal resources. The control channel resources are associated with a first set of time-frequency resources, which are used for transmitting control information, such as signaling or coordination data. On the other hand, the sensing signal resources are associated with a second set of time-frequency resources, which are used for transmitting or receiving sensing signals, such as those required for environmental detection or radar applications. An aspect of this approach is that the bandwidth of the first set of time-frequency resources, allocated for control channel operations, is different from the bandwidth of the second set of time-frequency resources, allocated for sensing signal operations. This separation ensures that the time and frequency resources for sensing and communication are distinct. However, it also means that the base station cannot perform sensing and communication simultaneously, limiting the system's overall efficiency.Therefore, there is a clear need to explore new methods for configuring time and frequency resources for both sensing and communication. Such methods can enable simultaneous sensing and communication without degrading communication performance, thereby improving the overall system efficiency and reducing latency.The following introduces at least one problem that has emerged during the advancement of existing technologies and standards.Problem 1: Separate time resources for sensing and communication:In the context of physical resources, especially within the time domain, the resources like slots, sub-frames, or radio frames divided to allocate specific portions for DL UL communication, as well as for sensing activities as illustrated in FIG. 7.In an alternative scenario, the time domain resources can be divided into distinct time windows: one time window is dedicated to communication, covering both DL and UL communication, while the second window is specifically allocated for sensing purposes. This setup provides a clear separation between communication and sensing tasks, as illustrated in FIG. 8. FIG. 8 illustrates a time-division approach where time domain resources are split into two distinct windows: T1 time window for DL / UL communication 801 and T2 time window for sensing 802. This configuration separates communication and sensing tasks in the time domain, helping to avoid interference but still preventing simultaneous operation.However, dividing physical resources in the time domain according to the two aforementioned options can present the following challenges for communication:1. Increased Communication Delay: Allocating time domain resources to sensing, as illustrated in the two figures, can lead to increased delays in the communication system. This is because sensing activities occupy some of the resources that would otherwise be used for communication, thereby extending the communication delay.2. Inefficient Use of Frequency Resources: Typically, assigning an entire slot, subframe, radio frame, or time window to sensing involves dedicating a full carrier band to sensing for a specific period. Since the frequency resources required for sensing are generally not extensive, dedicating the full carrier band to sensing can result in inefficient use of frequency resources during that time.Problem 2: Interference in dynamic TDD based ISAC:In dynamic / flexible TDD, DL and UL time slots are configured based on traffic demands, as shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 10 illustrates CLI in dynamic TDD based frame structure for sensing and communication. This method allows for efficient use of time slot resources, enhances flexibility, and reduces latency. However, a major challenge with dynamic / flexible TDD is cross-link interference (CLI) . CLI occurs when the same time slots are used for transmissions in opposite directions in neighboring cells.Similarly, when a dynamic TDD based frame structure is used for both sensing and communication, a base station 1 might perform sensing in a specific slot or sub-frame using certain frequency resources. At the same time, a neighboring base station might use the same slot or sub-frame for DL / UL communication, potentially causing CLI between communications and sensing signals, as illustrated in FIG. 9. Additionally, since sensing typically requires fewer frequency resources, dedicating an entire slot or sub-frame to sensing and is not optimal.Problem 3: Separate Frequency resources for sensing and communication:If separate frequency bands are allocated for sensing and communication, similar to the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) approach-where distinct frequency bands are used for uplink and downlink-simultaneous sensing and communication is possible. This configuration is advantageous for real-time sensing and communication as it ensures stable latency. However, this approach significantly reduces spectrum efficiency and increases system costs due to the requirement for paired frequency bands. As a result, performing communication and sensing using an FDD-like method, with separate frequency bands, is not an ideal solution when considering cost, system complexity, and spectrum efficiency.Motivation for a new frame structure design for ISAC:Integrating the sensing and communication in traditional TDD manner as explained in the above two scenarios, the time domain resource is split between the communication (downlink and uplink) and sensing. Allocation of a limited time duration for the communication in TDD based sensing and communication would result in reduced DL and UL coverage, increased DL and UL latency and reduced capacity of the DL and UL communication. As a possible enhancement on this limitation of the conventional TDD based integration of sensing and communication operation, it would be worth to consider and study the feasibility of allowing the simultaneous existence of communication (downlink and uplink) and sensing, such as, subband non-overlapping, overlapping and semi-flexible and flexible full duplex for communication and sensing, where a single hardware with two different modules can perform sensing and communication simultaneously as illustrated in FIG. 11.FIG. 11 illustrates a configuration that enables simultaneous sensing and communication using a single hardware unit equipped with two separate modules. Sensing module 1101 is responsible for performing environmental or radar-based sensing tasks. Communication module 1102 handles both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) communication. Time resources 1103 can now potentially support concurrent use by both modules. This architecture supports more advanced integration approaches-such as subband separation, overlapping, or flexible full-duplex operation-addressing the limitations of conventional TDD-based sensing and communication setups.Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the design of physical resources allocation to allow sensing and communication to occur simultaneously in next-generation wireless communication systems. Some embodiments of the present disclosure emphasize a unified frame structure that facilitates the simultaneous operation of both sensing and communication. Specifically, some embodiments of the present disclosure address the allocation and configuration of time and frequency resources of subbands within a carrier band, enabling simultaneous execution of sensing and communication functions.The innovations proposed by some embodiments of the present disclosure are to configure the physical resources in such a way to break the limitation of performing sensing and communication in the conventional TDD manner and FDD manner, and enable the simultaneous existence of communication (downlink or uplink) and sensing, such as, non-overlapping, or overlapping, or full / semi flexible subbands for communication and sensing, which enable a single hardware with two different modules to perform sensing and communication simultaneously.Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose the use of subbands in a single carrier band for both sensing and communication, enabling these functionalities to occur simultaneously. In some embodiments, the proposed approach provides at least one of the following benefits: 1. Enhanced Spectrum Efficiency: By utilizing a single frequency band for both sensing and communication, the spectrum efficiency is significantly improved. 2. Reduced Hardware Switching and power consumption: The need for frequent hardware switching between sensing and communication is minimized, simplifying system operations, and thus reduce the overall power consumption for both sensing and communication. 3. Preservation of Communication Performance: The same time resources previously allocated for communication are now shared with sensing, allowing both functionalities to occur simultaneously. This ensures that there is no reduction in DL or uplink UL coverage, and no increase in DL or UL latency.Some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a method / idea for simultaneously conducting sensing and communication within a specified time frame at the base station. To achieve this, it proposes the configuration of physical resources, including time and frequency resources for subbands used for sensing and subband used for communication, and thus enabling a base station to perform both functions simultaneously. The details of subbands for simultaneous sensing and communication are given in Embodiment 1, which is a general assumption for defining subbands and its properties for sensing and communication. Furthermore, some embodiments of the present disclosure present at least one of the following distinct approaches for configuring these resources:1. Non-Overlapping Physical Resources Configuration: This approach involves the semi-static configuration of non-overlapping physical resources (time and frequency) for sensing subbands and communication subbands, or dynamic indication of physical resources for sensing subband and communication subband, as detailed in Solution 1.2. Overlapping Physical Resources Configuration: This method focuses on the semi-static configuration of overlapped physical resources (time and frequency resources) for both sensing and communication, and dynamic indication of overlapped resources which informs to use the overlapped resources for sensing or use for communication, as described in Solution 2.3. Flexible Physical Resources Configuration: This solution involves the semi-static configuration of flexible physical resources, with dynamic indication or activation / deactivation of subbands for sensing and communication, as explained in Solution 3.Solution 1: Subbands with Non-overlapped resources of sensing and communication.FIG. 12 illustrates Solution 1: subbands with non-overlapped resources of sensing and communication, which is a wireless communication method executed by a base station for enabling simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band. In this solution, the sensing and communication functionalities are allocated to non-overlapping subbands within the same carrier band, ensuring that both operations can occur concurrently without interference.FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station includes: an operation 1201, determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; an operation 1202, determining a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and an operation 1203, transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) . This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhance spectrum efficiency, reduce hardware switching and power consumption, and / or maintain both uplink and downlink performance without added latency.As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 12, the base station performs the following operations: In operation 1201, the base station determines a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication over a certain period. In operation 1202, the base station determines a second configuration that defines a set of non-overlapping subbands within the carrier band, assigning specific subbands to either sensing or communication based on the time frame pattern. In operation 1203, the base station transmits both the first and second configurations to one or more user equipment (UEs) . This solution addresses challenges in the prior art by allowing sensing and communication to be executed simultaneously, thereby enhancing spectrum efficiency, reducing hardware switching and power consumption, and preserving uplink and downlink performance without increasing latency. The method can be implemented using any suitably configured hardware and / or software on the base station.In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises performing at least one of following operations: performing sensing in a subband configured for sensing and performing a downlink (DL) communication and / or an uplink (UL) communication in a subband configured for communication, wherein the sensing and the DL communication and / or the UL communication are in the same time period; performing sensing in the subband configured for sensing and performing both the DL communication and the UL communication in the subband configured for communication, wherein the DL communication and the UL communication are in different time periods.To support this simultaneous operation, the base station not only determines and transmits the configurations for sensing and communication subbands but also actively performs sensing and communication in accordance with the configured resources. Specifically, the base station can execute sensing in subbands designated for sensing while concurrently handling downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) communication in subbands designated for communication, either within the same time period or in alternating time periods. These operations ensure that resource utilization is maximized without causing mutual interference. Building on this framework, Solution 1 further incorporates flexible signaling mechanisms that allow the base station to deliver configuration information to UEs either semi-statically or dynamically, ensuring adaptability and alignment with real-time network demands.In Solution 1, the base station configures a set of subbands with non-overlapping resources within a carrier for a specific period within a time frame pattern, designated for both sensing and communication. This configuration is semi-static and it can be performed through higher layer signaling, such as RRC signaling or SIB-based signaling, or it can be dynamically indicated to explicitly allocate time and frequency resources of subbands for sensing and communication to the UEs within a cell. The overall approach of Solution 1 is illustrated in FIG. 12 from the base station's perspective, where the base station configures the UEs in a cell with non-overlapping subband resources for sensing and communication simultaneously. In FIG. 12, it is assumed that the base station simultaneously performs sensing and communication.While FIG. 12 illustrates the base station's perspective in implementing Solution 1: subbands with non-overlapped resources of sensing and communication, it is equally important to describe the operations performed by the user equipment (UE) to fully realize the proposed solution. From the UE side, proper reception and interpretation of the configurations broadcasted or signaled by the base station are essential for synchronizing sensing and communication activities within the allocated non-overlapping subbands. FIG. 13 provides a detailed flow of the wireless communication method executed by the UE, complementing the base station's operations and ensuring the system as a whole can achieve simultaneous sensing and communication in a harmonized manner.FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE includes: an operation 1301, determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; an operation 1302, receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and an operation 1303, receiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhance spectrum efficiency, reduce hardware switching and power consumption, and / or maintain both uplink and downlink performance without added latency.In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises performing at least one of following operations: performing, by a first user equipment (UE) or a group of UEs, sensing within a non-overlapping subband configured for sensing, if requested by the base station; performing, by a second UE or the group of UEs, communication within a non-overlapping subband configured for communication, by: receiving a downlink (DL) communication as scheduled by the base station, or performing an uplink (UL) communication as scheduled by the base station.The operations described in FIG. 13 highlight the role of the UE in interpreting and acting upon the configurations received from the base station as part of Solution 1: subbands with non-overlapped resources of sensing and communication. These operations are used to ensure that the UE can correctly participate in the coordinated sensing and communication scheme without causing resource conflicts. As described, the UE may be scheduled to perform sensing or communication (DL or UL) based on the subband assignments received via higher layer signaling. These configurations-whether semi-statically defined or dynamically updated-can be delivered through RRC signaling, SIB-based signaling, or lower-layer signaling mechanisms. Building upon this foundation, the following contents describe the procedures and signaling types in greater detail, covering both semi-static and dynamic approaches for configuring time and frequency resources associated with sensing and communication, as further detailed in Embodiment 2.The UE receives the semi-static configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication within a time frame pattern for a period of time via semi-static signaling such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling or system information block (SIB) based signaling. Or the UEs receives the dynamic configuration of subband for sensing and communication within a time frame pattern for a period of time via dynamic signaling as illustrates in FIG. 13. A first UE or group of UEs can perform sensing as requested by base station according to the scenario 1 and 4 explained in Embodiment 1, and a second UE or group of UEs perform DL communication or UL communication.Based on the given procedure around the solution 1, at least one of the following steps would be included, in the configuration of the non-overlapped physical resources for subbands of sensing and subbands of communication.1. Semi-static configuration of subbands for sensing and communication, the details are given in Embodiment 2.2. The semi-static configuration of time resources for a period is configured which defines the time resources in which the bases station performs sensing and communication together, or the UE performs either sensing or communication (either DL or UL) , the details are given in Embodiment 2.3. The semi-static configuration of frequency resources of subbands for sensing and subbands communication is configured to the UEs on cell level, in which the bases station perform sensing and communication together, or the UE performs either sensing or communication (either DL or UL) . The details are given in Embodiment 24. The time and frequency allocation of non-overlapping physical resources of subbands which is dynamically indicated to the UEs in a cell. The details are given in Embodiment 2.5. For time and frequency allocation of subbands for sensing and communication using the physical layer signaling. The details are given in Embodiment 2.For time and frequency allocation of the subbands for sensing and communication, using the MAC layer signaling. The details are given in Embodiment 2.In summary, Solution 1 provides an effective approach for enabling simultaneous sensing and communication by configuring non-overlapping subbands within a single carrier band. Through both semi-static and dynamic signaling mechanisms-including RRC, SIB, physical layer, and MAC layer signaling-the base station coordinates resource allocation, while the UE interprets and executes assigned operations accordingly. This solution enhances spectrum efficiency, reduces hardware complexity and power consumption, and ensures communication performance without added latency, as further elaborated in Embodiment 2.Solution 2: Overlapped subband for sensing and communication.FIG. 14 illustrates Solution 2: overlapped subband for sensing and communication, where the sensing and communication functionalities share overlapping frequency resources within a single carrier band. Unlike Solution 1, which separates the subbands for sensing and communication, Solution 2 enables more flexible and compact spectrum utilization by allowing both functionalities to coexist in the same subband over time. This solution is particularly beneficial for scenarios with limited spectrum availability. To implement this, the base station must coordinate both time and frequency domain resources efficiently to avoid mutual interference while maintaining performance. The flowchart in FIG. 14 provides a detailed procedure executed by the base station to realize this overlapped subband configuration.FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station includes: an operation 1401, determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; an operation 1402, determining a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and an operation 1403, transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) . This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhance spectrum efficiency, reduce hardware switching and power consumption, and / or maintain both uplink and downlink performance without added latency.In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises indicating, to the one or more UEs, the overlapping subbands to be used for sensing, downlink (DL) communication, or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling.The method described in FIG. 14 forms the foundation of Solution 2 by outlining how the base station configures and transmits overlapping subband assignments to the UEs. Once the initial configuration is in place, the base station may further refine the use of overlapping resources through explicit signaling to indicate whether a particular subband should be used for sensing, downlink communication, or uplink communication. This flexibility allows the base station to dynamically adapt the allocation of shared spectrum resources based on traffic demand, environmental sensing needs, or other network conditions. Building on this mechanism, the following content explains how both semi-static and dynamic signaling approaches are used to implement the overlapped resource configuration in practice.In Solution 2, the base station semi-statically configures subband with overlapped resources within a carrier for a specific period using a time frame pattern for both sensing and communication. This configuration is achieved through higher layer signaling, such as RRC signaling or SIB-based signaling. Furthermore, the base station will dynamically indicate the overlapped resources whether to use the overlapped resources of the subband for sensing or to use the overlapped resources for communication. For dynamic indication of overlapped resources whether to use for sensing or to use for communication, physical layer signaling or medium access control (MAC) layer signaling can be used.The overall approach of Solution 2 is illustrated in FIG. 14 from the base station's perspective, where the base station configures the UEs in a cell with the subbands resources for sensing and communication semi-statically. The base station further indicate the overlapped resources of subbands for sensing or communication according to the actual requirements. In FIG. 14, it is assumed that the base station simultaneously performs sensing (as described in Scenario 2 and Scenario 3 in Embodiment 1) and communication.While FIG. 14 and the preceding discussion focus on the base station's role in configuring and managing overlapped subbands for sensing and communication, successful implementation of Solution 2 also depends on the corresponding operations carried out by the UE. To fully support this mechanism, the UE must accurately receive and interpret both the time frame pattern and the configuration of overlapping subbands delivered through higher or lower layer signaling. The UE then follows these instructions to perform its designated sensing or communication functions accordingly. FIG. 15 illustrates this process from the UE’s perspective, detailing the steps necessary to align with the base station's configuration and participate in simultaneous sensing and communication over shared frequency resources.FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE includes: an operation 1501, receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and an operation 1502, receiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhance spectrum efficiency, reduce hardware switching and power consumption, and / or maintain both uplink and downlink performance without added latency.In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises receiving, from the base station, the overlapping subbands to be used for sensing, downlink (DL) communication, or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises performing at least one of following operations: performing, by a first user equipment (UE) or a group of UEs, sensing within non-overlapping subbands configured for sensing, and within the overlapping subbands if indicated for sensing, when sensing if requested by a base station; performing, by a second UE or the group of UEs, communication within the non-overlapping subbands configured for communication, and within the overlapping subbands if indicated for communication, by: receiving a downlink (DL) communication as scheduled by the base station, or performing an uplink (UL) communication as scheduled by the base station.As illustrated in FIG. 15, the UE plays a critical role in Solution 2 by adapting its behavior based on the configurations and signaling received from the base station. After receiving the initial time frame pattern and the overlapping subband configuration, the UE must also process further signaling that dynamically indicates whether specific overlapping subbands are to be used for sensing or communication. This flexibility allows a first UE (or group of UEs) to perform sensing, and a second UE (or group of UEs) to engage in downlink or uplink communication, even within the same overlapping subband, depending on real-time scheduling by the base station. The following contents further elaborate how such configurations and dynamic indications are structured and transmitted, ensuring seamless coordination across the network as described in Embodiment 3.On the UE side, the UEs in a cell receive the semi-static configuration subbands with overlapped resources within a time frame pattern for a period of time. Based on the dynamic indication of the overlapped resources of subband, the UE can use the overlapped resources for sensing or it can use for communication. The overall solution form the UE side is illustrated in FIG. 15.Based on the given procedures around the solution 2, at least one of the following steps would be included, in the in the semi-static configuration of non-overlapped and overlapped resources of subbands for sensing and communication and dynamic indication of overlapped resources for sensing or communication.1. The base station configures via semi-static higher layer signaling (e.g. RRC or SIB) , the non-overlapped / overlapped resources of subbands for sensing and communication. For detailed embodiments, refer to Embodiment 3.2. The base station further indicates, the overlap resources of subbands to be either use for sensing or use for communication via physical layer signaling or MAC layer signaling. For detailed embodiments, refer to Embodiment 3.In summary, Solution 2 enables flexible and efficient use of limited spectrum by allowing sensing and communication to share overlapping subbands within a single carrier. Through a combination of semi-static configurations (e.g., via RRC or SIB signaling) and dynamic indications (e.g., via physical or MAC layer signaling) , both the base station and UEs can coordinate resource usage in real time. This approach not only enhances spectrum efficiency and reduces hardware switching, but also ensures seamless support for simultaneous sensing and communication without degrading uplink or downlink performance, as detailed in Embodiment 3.Solution 3: Non-overlapped Flexible subbands for simultaneous sensing and communication.FIG. 16 illustrates Solution 3: non-overlapped flexible subbands for simultaneous sensing and communication, which introduces enhanced adaptability by incorporating full-flexible or semi-flexible subband allocation strategies. Unlike Solution 1, where subbands are fixed and non-overlapping, or Solution 2, where subbands are overlapped, Solution 3 adopts a non-overlapping configuration while enabling dynamic or partially dynamic flexibility in subband allocation based on current network requirements. This approach offers a balance between interference avoidance and efficient spectrum use, especially in environments with fluctuating sensing and communication demands. The flowchart in FIG. 16 outlines the step-by-step method executed by the base station to realize this flexible, non-overlapping resource arrangement.FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the base station includes: an operation 1601, determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; an operation 1602, determining a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and an operation 1603, transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) . This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhance spectrum efficiency, reduce hardware switching and power consumption, and / or maintain both uplink and downlink performance without added latency.In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises indicating, to the one or more UEs, the full-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises performing at least one of following operations: performing sensing in the full-flexible non-overlapping subbands for sensing; performing communication in the full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands for communication, by: performing the DL communication if the full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands are indicated for DL; or performing the UL communication if the full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands are indicated for UL.The method illustrated in FIG. 16 lays the foundation for implementing Solution 3, where the base station not only defines the time frame pattern and flexible non-overlapping subband configurations but also signals how these subbands are to be utilized by the UEs. These subbands are categorized as either full-flexible, which can be dynamically assigned for sensing or communication, or semi-flexible, which are dedicated for communication but can be further refined for DL or UL usage. With such flexibility, the base station can dynamically manage spectrum resources based on real-time demands and UE roles. Building on this foundation, the following content details how the base station uses both higher-layer and lower-layer signaling mechanisms to activate, deactivate, or reconfigure these subbands, ensuring that the allocation of flexible resources remains both efficient and adaptive to network conditions.Solution#3 introduces a method of flexible subbands, where a carrier band is divided into multiple flexible subbands (with at least two subbands) . The base station employs higher layer semi-static signaling, such as RRC signaling or SIB-based signaling, to configure the time and frequency resources and their locations for each flexible subband for all UEs within a cell. Furthermore, the base station uses physical layer signaling, such as DCI, or MAC layer signaling, such as MAC CE, to indicate or activate / deactivate the flexible subbands either for sensing or communication purposes.In solution#3, the gNB configures at-least one of the following configuration for the Full-flexible or semi-flexile subbands for sensing or communication through, higher layer signaling such as SIB or RRC signaling.Configuration 1: In this configuration, a carrier is divided into a set of subbands, all of which are designated as Full-Flexible Subbands, as explained in Embodiment 1. The number of subbands is adjustable, and the decision to uses the full flexible subband for communication or sensing is determined by the base station's dynamic indication as explained below.Configuration 2: In this configuration, a carrier band is divided into a set of subbands where one subband is designated as a Full-Flexible Subband, and the other subband is considered a Semi-Flexible Subband for communication. The Full-Flexible Subband can be used for either sensing or communication, depending on the base station's dynamic indication. The Semi-Flexible Subband is used only for communication, but it can be configured for either DL or UL communication based on the link direction indicated dynamically.The overall approach of Solution 3 is illustrated in FIG. 16 from the base station's perspective, where the base station configures the UEs in a cell with the full flexible and / or semi-flexible subbands for sensing and communication using higher layer signaling (such as RRC or SIB based) . The base station further indicates the full-flexible resources for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible subbands resources for communication in DL or UL direction. In FIG. 16, it is assumed that the base station simultaneously performs sensing (as described in Scenario 2 and Scenario 3) and communication.While FIG. 16 and the preceding discussion describe the base station’s procedure for configuring full-flexible and semi-flexible subbands under Solution 3, the successful realization of this solution also requires appropriate actions from the UE side. Once the base station transmits the time frame pattern and the corresponding subband configurations, the UEs must correctly receive, interpret, and apply this information to perform their designated functions-whether sensing or communication. The UEs must also dynamically adapt to signaling that may reassign subband roles based on updated network conditions. The detailed steps executed by the UE to support this flexible and coordinated operation are illustrated in FIG. 17.FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE is configured to implement some embodiments of the disclosure. Some embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented into the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by the UE includes: an operation 1701, receiving, form a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and an operation 1702, receiving, form the base station, a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time. This can solve issues in the prior art and other issues, enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhance spectrum efficiency, reduce hardware switching and power consumption, and / or maintain both uplink and downlink performance without added latency.In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises receiving, from the base station, the full-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling. In some embodiments, the wireless communication method further comprises performing at least one of following operations: a first UE or a group of UEs performing sensing within a full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband that is indicated for sensing, when sensing if requested by a base station; a second UE or the group of UEs performing communication within a full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband that is indicated for communication, by: receiving a DL communication if scheduled by the base station, or performing an UL communication if scheduled by the base station.As described in FIG. 17, the UE actively participates in Solution 3 by following the configurations and indications received from the base station to perform its role in sensing or communication. The UE must be capable of distinguishing between full-flexible and semi-flexible subbands, and dynamically adjusting its operation based on the type of signaling received-whether it is scheduled to conduct DL / UL communication or participate in sensing activities. This flexibility is essential for ensuring efficient utilization of spectrum resources while maintaining stable system performance. Building upon this foundation, the following content details how the UE processes both semi-static and dynamic signaling to determine when and how to use the configured subbands, as elaborated in Embodiment 4.On the UE side, the UEs in a cell receive the semi-static configuration of full flexible and / or semi-flexible subbands within a frame pattern for a period of time. Based on the dynamic indication of Full flexible subbands a first UE or groups of UEs can perform sensing or communication, and based the dynamic indication of semi-flexible subband a second UE or groups of UEs can perform communication either in DL direction or in UL direction as illustrated in FIG. 17.Based on the given procedures around the solution#3, at least one of the following steps would be included, in the in the semi-static configuration of full-flexible and semi-flexible subbands and dynamic indication of flexible subbands.1. The gNB configures via semi-static higher layer signaling (e.g. RRC or SIB) , the time and frequency resources of full-flexible and or semi-flexible subbands for sensing and communication. For detailed embodiments, refer to Embodiment 4.2. The base station further indicates, the full-flexible subbands to be either use for sensing or use for communication, or the semi-flexible subbands to be either use for DL or UL communication via the physical layer signaling or MAC layer signaling. For detailed embodiments, refer to Embodiment 4.In summary, Solution 3 introduces a highly adaptable framework for simultaneous sensing and communication by utilizing non-overlapping full-flexible and semi-flexible subbands. Through a combination of semi-static configurations via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC or SIB) and dynamic indications through physical or MAC layer signaling, both the base station and UEs can efficiently coordinate subband usage in real time. This approach achieves a balance between resource flexibility, interference management, and spectrum efficiency, ensuring robust communication performance across varying network conditions, as detailed in Embodiment 4.Building upon the three proposed solutions-Solution 1 with non-overlapping fixed subbands, Solution 2 with overlapping subbands, and Solution 3 with flexible non-overlapping subbands-the present disclosure provides a comprehensive framework for enabling simultaneous sensing and communication across diverse network scenarios. Each solution offers a unique trade-off between resource isolation, flexibility, and spectrum utilization, thereby addressing different performance needs and spectrum availability conditions. Whether adopting fixed or flexible subband strategies, and whether the resources are fully shared or completely separated, these solutions provide multiple configuration pathways using both semi-static and dynamic signaling methods (e.g., RRC, SIB, DCI, or MAC CE) . The coordination between base station and UE is central to the success of these methods. With this foundation, the following content explains how Embodiments 1 through 4 may be implemented either independently or in combination to further enhance system adaptability and performance.In some embodiments of the present application, Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, and / or Embodiment 4 may be implemented in combination with one another. The Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, and / or Embodiment 4 may also be implemented independently. In some embodiments of the present application, the solutions described in multiple embodiments may be implemented either in combination or independently.Embodiment 1: Subbands for sensing and communication.In this embodiment, some examples propose the general characteristics of subbands that enable simultaneous sensing and communication at the base station. Before investigating into the details of subbands for sensing and communication, this embodiment explore several scenarios of sensing from a cellular network perspective. These scenarios provide the basis for configuring and allocating subbands resources for both sensing and communication.Sensing scenarios in cellular communication system: In a cellular network, sensing can be implemented in various scenarios and configuration, as explained below:Scenario 1: In this scenario, we assume that a UE performs sensing. However, the UE can only perform either sensing or communication at any given time. Therefore, throughout this disclosure, we assume that the UEs operate in half-duplex mode.The configuration of physical resources of subbands for sensing can be cell-specific (at the cell level) , allowing other UEs in the cell to recognize that the resources allocated for sensing are unavailable for DL or UL communication. In some embodiments, the configuration of resources for sensing may be UE-specific.Furthermore, when the UE performs sensing, the configuration of physical resources for sensing can be based on at least one the following cases:Case 1: The base station may request a UE or a subgroup of UEs to perform sensing and share the results with the base station. In this case, the base station can semi-statically or dynamically configure the subbands resources (such as the number of resources in frequency domain, the starting location, and other time related parameters) for the UEs or subgroup of UEs, enabling them to perform sensing.Case 2: In this case the UE may request the gNB to allocate the physical resources of subbands (frequency and time resources) for sensing. In this case the gNB can allocate configure the resources to the UE for sensing using semi-static or dynamic configuration.In Scenario 1, the UE is assumed to operate in half-duplex mode, meaning it can only perform either sensing or communication at any given time. The subband resources used for sensing can be cell-specific, shared across the entire cell, or UE-specific, assigned to individual UEs. This ensures that other UEs do not use the same resources for communication during sensing periods. There are two cases for resource configuration: The base station proactively assigns specific UEs or a group of UEs to perform sensing and configures the required frequency and time resources either semi-statically or dynamically. The UE initiates a sensing request, and the gNB responds by allocating the necessary resources using semi-static or dynamic configuration. These mechanisms ensure efficient sensing operations and coordinated resource usage.Scenario 2: In this scenario, a base station may perform sensing along with communication simultaneously. Here a UE may request the base station to perform general sensing or sensing of a specific target and share the results with the UE, or the base station may perform sensing without any request from the UE. In this scenario the base station may perform mono-static sensing, bi-static sensing or multi-static sensing. In this case assigning the physical resources for sensing and communication can be implemented according to at least one of the following cases:Case 1: The base station configures the physical resources of subbands (time and frequency) for sensing and communication at the cell level. This configuration informs the UEs about the time and frequency resources allocated for sensing, which are utilized by the base station and are not available to be used by the UEs for communication. In this case, it is easy to avoid the collision between sensing and communication.Case 2: The base station configures the physical resources of subbands to the UEs for communication only. In this case, the UEs are unaware of the physical resources which are used by the base station to perform sensing. This scenario, however, may result in potential collisions between the resources allocated for sensing by the base station and those used by UEs for uplink communication. To mitigate such collisions, priority rules can be implemented for the resources used by the UEs within the cell, such as CG PUSCH, to effectively manage uplink communication.In Scenario 2, the base station can perform sensing and communication simultaneously, either independently or upon request from a UE. The sensing may involve mono-static, bi-static, or multi-static configurations. Two cases are considered for resource assignment: (1) The base station configures sensing and communication resources at the cell level, informing UEs of sensing allocations to prevent interference; (2) The base station assigns resources to UEs only for communication, keeping its sensing allocations hidden, which may cause collisions. To address this, priority rules (e.g., for CG PUSCH) can be applied to manage uplink transmissions and minimize conflicts.Scenario 3: In this scenario, the base station is responsible for performing sensing tasks at regular intervals (periodic sensing) . To facilitate this, the base station can configure a semi-static configuration to the UEs in a cell, specifying the time period and periodicity for these sensing activities. The base station allocates specific frequency resources for sensing, aligning the duration of these allocations with the TDD pattern period. If the sensing tasks need to be conducted over a longer period, the base station can extend the configuration by allocating subband resources for sensing over a time frame that is an integer multiple of the TDD pattern period. This approach ensures that the sensing operations are seamlessly integrated into the overall network operations, minimizing disruptions and optimizing resource utilization.Scenario 4: In this scenario, UAVs are considered as UEs by the base station to perform sensing tasks. UAVs, due to their mobility, can be highly effective in gathering data over a wide area. The base station controls these capabilities by configuring the UAVs to conduct specific sensing operations and then share the collected data back with the base station.To facilitate this process, the base station semi-statically configures the UAVs at the cell level. This involves setting up communication parameters and resource allocations specific to the UAVs within the cell's coverage area. By doing so, the base station ensures that the UAVs can efficiently perform their sensing tasks without interfering with other communication activities within the network.Subbands for sensing and communication and its characteristics: In order to enable simultaneous sensing and communication at the base station, this embodiment of the present disclosure proposes to configure subbands resources for sensing and communication, where in a given carrier band can be divided into a set of subbands within a time period. The Base station uses a first set of subbands (in frequency domain) for sensing and a second set or sets of subbands for DL and / or UL communication. The illustration example of subbands for sensing and subband for communication is shown in FIG. 18.The benefits of dividing a carrier band into subbands for enabling simultaneous sensing and communication may include at least one of the following: 1. Improves spectrum efficiency by enabling a single carrier to support both sensing and communication. 2. Maintains the communication delays at the same level, ensuring consistent performance. 3. Enhances the sensing functions by providing physical resources at different time intervals. 4. Reduces hardware costs by using a single system and frequency band for dual functions and simplifies system design by integrating sensing and communication into one framework. 5. Minimizes interference between sensing and communication by isolating them into subbands. 6. Increases adaptability for dynamic network environments by allowing flexible allocation of subbands.In this embodiment, some examples further discuss detail features of subbands configured for sensing and communication as explained below.1. The granularity of subbands for sensing and communication:The physical frequency resources typically defined in cellular systems include resource elements (REs) , resource blocks (RBs) , and bandwidth parts (BWPs) . However, the frequency resources required for sensing are smaller compared to those needed for communication. Therefore, this disclosure considers REs as a smaller unit (granularity) to be configure in Frequency domain to define subband for sensing.In some cases, RBs, groups of RBs, or portions of bandwidth (measured in MHz) can be used as the granularity of subbands for sensing. For the granularity of subbands used in communication, existing terminologies such as REs or RBs can similarly be applied as the granularity for sensing.2. Number of sub-bands for sensing and communication within a communication band:Sub-band can be contiguous frequency resources assigned for simultaneous performing both sensing and communications. In order to define a configurable number of sub-bands for sensing and communication, this disclosure assume an existing carrier band, can be divided into more than one subband, to define a minimum and maximum range of number of sub-bands. For minimum sub-bands it is a matter of common understanding that, at-least 2 sub-bands are necessary to define, where one of the sub-band is used for sensing and one subband is used for communication (including DL and UL communication) . For maximum number of a sub-bands, some examples of this disclosure may consider to limit the maximum number to 3 or 4 sub-bands in a carrier band, where at least one subband is assigned to sensing and other subbands are assigned to communication.3. Location of sensing subbands within a carrier (frequency domain) :The location of subbands for sensing can be configure in the starting of a carrier band. The advantage of starting at the carrier band is to allow the lower frequencies for a carrier band for sensing and the upper sub-carrier in a band carrier for sensing.In some embodiments, the location of a subband for sensing in frequency domain can be configured in the middle of the carrier band. The advantage of allowing the number of subband in the middle of the carrier is to not create CLI to the neighbor base station.In some embodiments, the location of a subband for sending in frequency domain can be configure in the upper of the carrier band. This configuration is simple and it can easily be configured and not impact the DL and UL channels for the communication similar to the configuration in the last of the carrier.Embodiment 1 explores the configuration and utilization of subbands to enable simultaneous sensing and communication within a cellular network. It presents four key scenarios-ranging from UE-initiated sensing in half-duplex mode to base station-led sensing (including with UAVs) -and discusses how subbands can be semi-statically or dynamically configured depending on the sensing roles and requirements. The embodiment also elaborates on subband characteristics such as granularity, number, and placement within the carrier band. These configurations help optimize spectrum efficiency, minimize interference, and support dual functionality with reduced hardware complexity. This approach enables simultaneous sensing and communication within a single carrier band, enhancing spectrum efficiency and network adaptability.Embodiment 2: Non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication.In this embodiment of the present disclosure we discuss, subbands with non-overlapping resources for sensing and communication. The configuration of non-overlapping physical resources for sensing and communication are explained below.Semi-static configuration of subbands resources for sensing and communication:This embodiment of the present disclosure proposes to explicitly configure non-overlapping physical resources, such as time and frequency resources of subbands, for both sensing and communication to the UEs within a cell. The aim is to configure subbands at the cell level, ensuring that all UEs are informed about which resources are allocated for sensing and which are for communication, thereby minimizing collisions. Typically, scenario 2 or scenario 3 where the base station perform sensing, will be the mostly used scenarios. However, the explicit configuration of subbands resources for sensing and communication to the UEs in a cell will notify the UEs that these sensing subbands are unavailable for communication. This disclosure proposes to configure the physical resource of subbands for sensing and communication either semi-statically or dynamically, as detailed below.For the semi-static configuration of physical resources for subband of sensing and subband of communication, this disclosure uses higher layer signaling, such as RRC signaling or SIB-based signaling. The higher layer signaling is used to configure the physical resources such as time resources and frequency resources of subbands, specifically the time and frequency resources allocated for sensing and communication in a cell level. The detailed process for configuring these resources is explained below.Time resources of subbands:In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are semi-statically configured to coexist with a time division duplex (TDD) frame structure, and the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are allocated within DL symbols / slots, UL symbols / slots, or flexible symbols / slots. In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are semi-statically configured independently of a TDD pattern by defining a time window comprising both sensing and communication periods. In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subband for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining one or more of following parameters: a starting slot, a starting symbol index within the starting slot, an ending slot, an ending symbol index within the ending slot, a starting frame or sub-frame, an ending frame or sub-frame. In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subband for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting location comprising at least one of a starting symbol, a starting slot, a starting sub-frame, or a starting radio frame, and a length parameter indicating a duration of the subband. In some examples, a periodicity of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication in a time domain is configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling, and a time duration and a time location of the non-overlapping subbands are activated at intervals.To effectively implement the above semi-static configurations for time resources of non-overlapping subbands, it is important to define specific parameters that govern both the duration and positioning of these resources within the time domain. These configurations allow for flexible coexistence with existing TDD patterns or operation within custom-defined time windows. By leveraging higher-layer signaling mechanisms, the system can precisely allocate subband time intervals for sensing and communication, either aligned with or independent of the NR TDD frame structure. The following sections explore in detail how such time durations and locations can be explicitly configured, including various methods, options, and parameters that enable structured and efficient resource scheduling.To configure the explicit time resources and location of subbands for sensing and communication, a semi-static configuration may include the period (time duration) of subbands for sensing and communication, and the location (start and end time) of subbands for sensing and communication.Period of subbands: The period is the total duration of subbands in time domain. For the period of sensing and communication subbands, this embodiment proposes the following different methods.Method 1: In method 1, the time resources and location of subbands for sensing and communication is configured in such a way that it is aligned with the current NR TDD pattern period. In other words, the period of subband for sensing and subband for communication are configured within the current within the current 5G NR TDD period. In this case there are at least one of the following possible options.Option 1: The period of time location of sensing is the same as TDD-UL-DL pattern period of the 5G NR.Option 2: The period is integer multiple of TDD-UL-DL pattern period of the 5G NR.In method, it is necessary to define the co-existing of time resources for sensing subbands and communication subbands with the NR TDD frame structure.Co-existing with the current NR TDD frame structure: In 5G NR, the TDD frame structure can be configured as DL, UL, or Flexible for a period of time. To enable the coexistence of subband resources for sensing and communication, this embodiment assumes that time resources for sensing subbands can be explicitly configured, while the time resources for communication subbands follow the existing 5G NR TDD frame configuration. For example, if a TDD frame pattern is set as DDDUU, it inherently defines the time resources for communication in DL and UL. In this scenario, only the time resources for sensing subbands need to be configured for the UEs within a cell, for which semi-static higher layer signaling can be used such as RRC or SIB based signaling to configure the time resources of sensing subband, within a TDD DL-UL or TDD flexibles symbols / slots.This embodiment proposes various options for configuring time resources of subbands within TDD DL, UL, and flexible symbols and slots, as detailed below.Configuration of sensing subbands in TDD DL and UL slots / symbols:Option 1: The sensing and communication subbands are configured in frequency domain. However, in time domain since the DL and UL symbols / slots are already configured, and the time domain resources of the sensing subbands can be configured in DL and UL slots / symbols. Furthermore, the time domain resources for the sensing subband are defined such that the pulse transmission and listening times are not specifically predetermined, allowing for flexibility in their allocation as illustrated in FIG. 19.Option 2: In this option, the time resources for sensing subbands can be configured in DL and UL symbols / slots in such a way that the time allocated for sensing pulse transmission aligns with the time resources used for communication in DL time duration. Similarly, the time resources for receiving sensing pulses are aligned with the UL time resources, as illustrated in FIG. 20. In some embodiments, since the receiving sensing pulse Tx depends on the object, its distance from the base station or UE, its motions and the environment, therefore the period of sensing pulse Tx and sensing pulse Rx is not specified. A period of is considered for sensing and it is left upto the base station or UE that for how long they transmit the pulse and how in how much time period they turned into the listening mood for receiving the sensing pulse Rx.In some embodiments the pattern of sensing pulse Tx and sensing pulse Rx within a given period can be dynamically change.Sensing and communication subbands in TDD Flexible symbols / slots: In the 5G NR system, the flexible symbols / slots are used for either DL or UL transmission. In case sensing and communication subbands are configured in TDD flexible symbols / slots the time domain resources of sensing can be explicitly configure. For this configuration, this embodiment may consider at least one of the following options.Option 1: When the TDD symbols / slots configured as flexible symbols / slots, and sensing time subbands time resources are configured in flexible symbols / slots, in this case the sensing resources can be configured in such a way that the flexible time resources of the sensing can be defined as illustrated in FIG. 21.Option 2: In some cases, since the time delay requirements between the sensing Rx signal and sensing Tx signal is not higher, therefore the flexible symbols can be configured in such a way that the there is an alternate symbols / slots are configured in such a way that the alternate symbols / slots is used for sensing Tx signal and sensing Rx signal as illustrated in FIG. 22. In this embodiment we assume that the initial sensing signal for an object detection is already received by the base station, and the base station have some idea of the position / distance of the object. In this case, the base station can reserve the time resources of the sensing subband for sensing Tx pulse and sensing Rx pulse. Note: Frame design for initial sensing and when the gNB have some idea. Consider an expected receiving duration. Detail parameter is used of frame for receiving pulse.Method 2: overwriting the 5G NR TDD pattern.In this method, the time duration for subbands used for sensing and communication is determined independently of the 5G NR TDD frame structure. It is based on a time window that inherently includes time resources for both sensing and communication. This means that the resources for sensing, DL communication, and UL communication are all included within this time window. Consequently, the duration for sensing and communication is not limited by the TDD pattern period of 5G NR. This time window can be set to 5msec, 10msec, or 20msec, serving as the period for subbands dedicated to sensing and communication. Outside this time window, sensing and communication do not occur simultaneously. In order to configure such time window for sensing and communication, the following FIG. 23 can be considered as an example, where the two time windows are configured, the first time window is for communication only and the second time window is for sensing and communication.In some embodiments, the time window can be configured with a periodicity, allowing it to re-establish and repeat at defined intervals after a specific period.Location of sensing and communication subbands in time domain: For the location of sensing and communication subbands, whether they coexist with the current 5G NR TDD frame structure or defined within a new time duration, the location of each subband, such as the sensing subband and communication subband, can be specified. This embodiment proposes at least one of the following options for the locations of sensing and communication subbands.Option 1: Explicitly configure the starting and ending time / location of each subband.In this options, at least one or more of the following parameters included in the semi-static configuration of subbands for sensing and communication.A starting slot: This parameter define the starting location of subband for sensing operation and subbands for communication.A staring symbol index within the starting slot: This parameter defines the starting symbol within the starting slot for time location of subband for sensing operation.An ending slot: This parameter defines the ending slot of subband for sensing operation and subbands for communication.An ending symbols within a slot: This parameter defines the ending symbol within ending slot of subband for sensing operation and subbands for communication.A staring Frame / sub-frame: This parameter defines the starting Frame or sub-frame where the starting slot and starting symbol within the starting slot is located for the subbands location for sensing and subbands for communication.An ending Frame / sub-frame: This parameters defines the ending frame or subframe where the ending slot and ending symbols within the ending slot is located for the subband location of sending and subbands location for communication.Option 1 proposes a method for explicitly configuring the time and frequency boundaries of subbands used for sensing and communication through semi-static signaling. It involves defining key parameters such as the starting and ending slot, symbol index within each slot, and the corresponding frame or sub-frame. This precise specification ensures accurate timing and frequency alignment for subband usage, enabling efficient coordination of sensing and communication activities.Option 2: The configuration of time location of subbands for sensing and communication includes at least one of the following parameters:Starting Location: This specifies where the subband begins in the time domain. It can include at least one of the following: A starting symbol: The specific symbol where the subband begins. A starting slot: The slot number marking the beginning of the subband. A starting sub-frame: The sub-frame where the subband starts. A starting time radio frame: The radio frame that marks the start of the subband.Length of the time location: This parameter defines the total time span from the start to the end of the subbands period. During this duration, the subband of sensing and subband of communication can be performed simultaneously from base station perspective.Periodicity of sensing and communication subbands in time domain:In some embodiments, the periodicity of sensing and communication operation is configured in order to minimize signaling overhead. This involves defining specific time intervals and locations sensing and communication at the same time. For instance, as described in the above, the time (duration) and time location are first configured. Following this, the periodicity of sensing and communication subbands can be configured. For instance, if the periodicity is set to 20msec, it means that every 20msec, the configured time (duration) and location of the subbands will be operational by the base station for sensing and communication simultaneously in the configured subbands. This ensures a predictable and structured schedule for sensing and communication, reducing the need for frequent reconfiguration and thereby lowering signaling overhead.The above examples introduce a detailed framework for configuring non-overlapping subbands for simultaneous sensing and communication in a cellular system. It outlines both semi-static and dynamic configurations using higher-layer signaling (such as RRC or SIB) to define the time and frequency resources. These configurations can coexist with existing 5G NR TDD frame structures or be independently defined using a custom time window. Time resources can be explicitly specified by parameters such as starting / ending slots, symbols, frames, and periodicity. The embodiment also provides options for locating subbands in the time domain, supporting flexible and efficient allocation for sensing and communication. By carefully coordinating subband usage and periodicity, the approach enables effective spectrum utilization, minimizes signaling overhead, and reduces interference. This configuration method improves resource coordination and efficiency by enabling simultaneous sensing and communication within non-overlapping subbands, while maintaining compatibility with existing 5G NR systems.Frequency resources configuration of subbands:In some examples, frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting resource block (RB) or resource element (RE) and an ending RB or RE for each non-overlapping subband, and a guardband between the non-overlapping subbands is derived based on the starting RB or RE and the ending RB or RE. In some examples, frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting RB and a length of contiguous RBs for one the non-overlapping subband. In some examples, frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining in units of resource block groups (RBGs) , with a number of RBs per RBG.Building upon the periodicity and temporal location of subbands in the time domain, the next step involves the configuration of frequency resources to ensure non-overlapping allocation between sensing and communication operations. Just as time resources require precise definition to enable simultaneous functionality, frequency resources must also be carefully configured to avoid interference and optimize spectrum utilization. The following sections outline methods for semi-statically configuring frequency resources, either by explicitly defining subband boundaries or by using simplified parameters such as starting positions and lengths. These configurations enable both flexibility and efficiency in managing subband allocations within a carrier.The frequency resources of subband for sensing and subbands for communication can be configured to the UEs in a cell. For the explicit (semi-static) configuration of frequency resources of sensing subband and communication subband, this embodiment of the present disclosure proposes at least one of the following methods.Method 1: The configuration may use the starting RB / RE and end RB / RE of subbands to configure the subband for sensing and subbands for communication. This configuration can be done using at least one of the following options:Option 1: In option 1, both the frequency locations of subbands for sensing and communication are explicitly configured as illustrated in FIG. 24. This means that the exact frequency locations for both types of subbands are predetermined and configured. For instance, the starting RB / RE and ending RB / RE for sensing subband and communication subband can be included in the configuration. If there is a guardband (afrequency space between the two types of subbands to prevent interference) , it can be implicitly derived from the explicit configurations.Option 2: In option 2, the frequency location of only one type of subband is explicitly configured, while the other type is implicitly derived as shown in FIG. 25. This means: Either the frequency location of the subband for sensing is explicitly configured, or the frequency location for communication is derived based on this configuration. For instance, only the RB start and RB end of sensing subband is explicitly configured. Or the frequency location of the subband for communication is explicitly configured, and the frequency location for sensing is derived accordingly. For instance, the RBs start and RB end of the subbands for communication is explicitly configured.Method 2: In this method, the configuration may include the starting RB and the length of contiguous RBs to define the frequency resources of subbands for sensing and communication. The at least one of following options can be applied:Explicitly configure both subbands: This involves setting the starting RB and the length of contiguous RBs for subbands of both sensing and communication explicitly.Explicitly configure one subband and implicitly derive the other: The starting RBs and length of contiguous RBs either for sensing subbands or communication subbands is explicitly configured, and the starting RBs and contiguous RBs of other subband is implicitly derived.Method 3: In this method, consecutive RBs are grouped into Resource Block Groups (RBGs) , and frequency resources are allocated to the sensing and communication subbands in multiples of RBG sizes. This approach is similar to resource allocation type 0 in 5G NR. The number of RBs within an RBG can vary, depending on the size requirements of the sensing and communication subbands.The frequency configuration of non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication can be achieved through various semi-static methods using higher-layer signaling. These methods include explicitly defining start and end positions of resource blocks (RBs) or resource elements (REs) , specifying the start point and length of contiguous RBs, or using resource block groups (RBGs) for more structured allocation. Depending on network requirements, subbands can be fully or partially explicitly configured, with the remaining parameters derived implicitly. These strategies ensure flexible and interference-free frequency planning for efficient spectrum utilization.Dynamic Indication:In this embodiment, some examples propose a method to dynamically indicate the time and frequency resources allocated to subbands for sensing and subbands for communication to the UEs. This approach allows for a more flexible adaptation to the network's actual requirements, as compared to relying on a semi-static configuration. The dynamic indication can be achieved through cell-specific physical layer signaling such as DCI-based signaling or MAC layer signaling such as MAC CE-based signaling, ensuring that all UEs within the cell are informed about the physical resources designated for sensing and communication. Moreover, if there is a collision or overlap between the semi-statically configured sensing resources and communication resources, dynamic signaling can be employed to resolve the overlap, ensuring efficient resource allocation.In some embodiments for dynamic signaling indication of time and frequency resources of subband for sensing and communication, we assume that the time and frequency resources for sensing is semi-statically configured to the UEs in a cell, and according to the requirements for sensing, a dynamic indication is used to overwrite the time and frequency resources of subbands for sensing, or the time and frequency resources of subband for communication.The following details can be included in the dynamic indication of time and frequency resources of subband for sensing and subband for communication.Time resources:In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a start location and a period using a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling. In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a start symbol, start slot, or start subframe and an end symbol, end slot, or end subframe using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling. In some examples, time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by overwriting configured DL or UL communication resources in a TDD frame structure using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling.For indication of subband locations for sensing operation together with communication, explicit dynamic indication of sensing subband may include the period (time duration) of subbands for sensing, and the location (start and end time) of subbands for sensing. In dynamic signaling both the period and location of sensing subband is indicated dynamically, according to at least one of the following methods.Typically, in dynamic signaling, we assume that a frame structure of TDD DL and UL is already configured for communication, and dynamic signaling are used to schedule / indicated the resources for sensing subbands explicitly. In this case, the communication resources which is allocated to DL or UL can be overwritten with the dynamic signaling.Cell level physical layer signaling can be used to indicate the time resources for sensing subband to the UEs in the cell. In this case the period (duration) of sensing subbands and the location of sensing subbands can be indicated through a physical layer signaling, such as DCI based signaling according to the following two alternative options. In some embodiments MAC layer signaling such as MAC CE can be used to indicate the period (duration) and location of subbands for sensing to the UEs.Option 1: In this option, the period (duration) and the location in time domain of sensing can be indicated in such a way that the physical layer signaling or MAC layer signaling can include the starting symbol / slot / subframe, the length of the sensing subband and end symbol / slot / subframe of sensing subbands, as illustrated in FIG. 26.Option 2: The time allocation such as the period and location of sensing subband can indicated in such a way that the physical layer signaling or MAC layer signaling can indicate the starting location such as the starting symbol / slot / sub-frame of sensing subband and the length of sensing subband in time domain as illustrated in FIG. 27.Frequency resources configuration:In some examples, frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining starting and ending RBs or REs using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling, and frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for communication are derived. In some examples, frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a starting RB and a length of contiguous RBs using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling, and remaining frequency resources are allocated to communication.The frequency resources of subbands for sensing can be indicated for sensing dynamically as explained in the following methods.Method 1: FIG. 28 illustrates dynamic indication of starting and end RB of sensing subband explicitly. The indication may use the starting RB and end RB of subband for sensing to explicitly indicate the frequency resources of sensing subbands. In this case the frequency resources of the communication subband can be implicitly derived. For instance, the starting RB / RE and ending RB / RE for sensing subband is indicated in the physical layer signaling or MAC layer signaling. If there is a guardband (afrequency space between the two types of subbands to prevent interference) , it can also be implicitly derived from the explicit configurations.Method 2: In this method, the indication through physical layer signaling or MAC layer signaling may include the starting RB / RE and the length of contiguous RBs to define the frequency resources of subbands for sensing. The frequency resources, of DL or UL communication can implicitly derived as illustrated in FIG. 29.Embodiment 3: overlapping sensing resources.In this embodiment, it is proposed that overlapping resources in both time and frequency domains can be configured for subbands for sensing and communication. Specifically, time and frequency domain resources are arranged to serve both functions simultaneously. This configuration can occur in the frequency domain, the time domain, or both, as previously described. ISAC systems can thus optimize the use of available bandwidth and time slots, enhancing spectrum efficiency. These overlapped resources can dynamically adjust allocations based on demands, offering increased flexibility and adaptability to meet the specific requirements of sensing and communication tasks.Overlapped resources in Frequency domain: FIG. 30 illustrates sensing and communication subbands with overlapped frequency resources. In this scenario, the frequency resources of subbands designated for sensing and those for communication overlap. This means that the overlapping RBs can be utilized for either communication or sensing. These resources are configured on a semi-static basis. However, the decision on whether to use the overlapping resources for sensing or communication can be dynamically indicated.Overlapped resources in Time domain: FIG. 31 illustrates sensing and communication subbands with overlapped time resources. In this scenario, the time resources are configured for both sensing and communication, with overlapping time slots available for either purpose. The use of these overlapping time resources-whether for communication or sensing-depends on network conditions and the specific resource requirements for each operation. These resources can be configured semi-statically, with dynamic indications determining their use for either sensing or communication.Overlapped resources in both time and frequency domain: FIG. 32 illustrates sensing and communication subbands with overlapped time and frequency resources. In this scenario, both time and frequency resources are configured for sensing and communication. The overlapping time resources can be utilized for both sensing and communication simultaneously. However, the overlapping frequency resources can be used for either sensing or communication, depending on network conditions and the specific resource requirements for each function. These frequency resources are configured semi-statically, with dynamic indications determining their use for either sensing or communication.Semi-static Configuration of subbands configuration with overlapped resources:Some examples define the semi-static configuration of subbands with overlapped resources in time and frequency domain using higher layer signaling such as RRC signaling or SIB based signaling to configure the subbands within a carrier band for doing simultaneous sensing and communication. The details of overlapped resources of subbands for sensing and communication is given below.Time resources:In some examples, time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol, and an ending slot or symbol for each overlapping subband. In some examples, time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol along with a length of contiguous slots or symbols of each overlapping subband for sensing and communication.The time resources of the overlapped subband resources can be configured according to at least one of the following options.Option 1: The overlapped time resources configuration can include at least one of the followings:The starting slots and starting symbols within the starting slot, the end slot and the end symbol within a slot for communication subband.The starting slot and the starting symbol within the starting slot, the end slot and the end symbol within the slot for communication subband.For instance, the starting slot of communication subband is slot#1 and the end slot is slot#10, and the starting slot of sensing subband is slot#2 and end slot of sensing subband is slot#8. The configuration can include a two time resources one for communication subband and one for sensing subband.Option 2: The overlapped time resources configuration can include at least one of the following:The starting slot and the starting symbols within the starting slot, and the length of contiguous slot and symbols for communication subband.The starting slot and the starting symbols within the starting slot, and the length of contiguous slot and symbols for communication subband.For instance, the starting slot of communication subband is slot#1 and the length of the slot is 10 slots, and the starting slot of sensing subband is slot#2 and the total length of the slot is 6. The configuration can include time resources one for communication subband and one for sensing subband as given below.Frequency resources configuration:In some examples, time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting resource block or resource element (RB / RE) and an ending RB / RE for each overlapping subband. In some examples, frequency resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting RB / RE and a length of contiguous RBs / REs for sensing and communication.For the frequency resources configuration of the subbands with the overlapped resources this embodiment of the present disclosure proposes at least one of the following options.Option 1: The overlapped frequency resources configuration can include at least one of the followings:The starting RB / RE and the end RB / RE for sensing subband.The starting RB / RE and the end RB / RE for communication subband.For instance, the starting RB / RE of sensing subband is RB#1 and the end the end RB / RE is RB / RE#50, and the starting RB / RE of the communication subband is RB / RE#40 and end slot of communication subband is RB / RE#10. The configuration can include two starting RB / RE and two ending RB / RE, where on starting and end RB / RE is for communication subband and the other starting and end RB / RE is for sensing subband.Option 2: The overlapped frequency resources configuration can include at least one of the followings:The starting RB / RE, and the length of contiguous RBs / REs for the sensing subband.The starting RB / RE, and the length of contiguous RBs / REs for communication subband.For instance, the starting RB / RE of sensing subband is RB#1 and the length of contiguous RB / RE is contiguous 50 RBs / REs, and the starting RB / RE of the communication subband is RB / RE#40 and the length of contiguous RB / RE is 60 RBs / REs. The configuration can include two starting RB / RE and two lengths of contiguous RBs / REs, where on starting RB / RE and contiguous number of RB / RE is for sensing subband and the other starting RB / RE and contiguous number of RB / REs is for communication subband.Dynamic Indication of the overlapped resources:In this embodiment, some examples propose dynamically indicating whether the overlapped time and frequency resources should be used for sensing or communication. To achieve this dynamic indication for the overlapped resources of the subbands whether to use for sensing or to use for communication, this disclosure proposes utilizing physical layer signaling, such as DCI, or MAC layer signaling, like MAC CE. The method for indicating the overlapped frequency resources of overlapped time resources can be explained below.Physical layer Indication for overlapped frequency resources:In some examples, the signaling comprises a downlink control information (DCI) used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the DCI indicates at least one of: a start and end location or a start location, and a length for overlapping time slots or symbols; a start and end RB or a start RB and contiguous RB length for frequency resources; a usage indication indicating whether the overlapping subbands are used for sensing or for communication in a DL or an UL. In some examples, the signaling comprises a DCI used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the DCI indicates whether the time resources and the frequency resources are to be used for sensing or communication, and if for communication, whether in a DL or an UL.To indicate whether overlapped resources in time and frequency resources can be used for sensing or communication, this disclosure consider at least one of the following methods.Method 1: Explicit indication: In this method, explicit indications are provided for allocating overlapping time and frequency resources to either sensing or communication. The physical layer signaling such as DCI field includes at least one of the following details for indicating the use of these resources:Indication of Overlapping Time Resources: This indication is included in the physical layer signaling and specifies the starting and ending locations of the time resources. Alternatively, it can indicate the time location and the length of contiguous time resources, such as time slots or symbols.Indication of Overlapping Frequency Resources: This indication is also included in the physical layer signaling at the cell level. It can indicated the overlapping starting RB and the overlapping end RB or it can include the indication for the overlapping starting RB and the length of contiguous RBs.Usage Indication: An additional indication in the physical layer signaling specifies whether the overlapping time and frequency resources are used for sensing or communication. If the indication is for communication, it further specifies whether the resources are used for DL or UL communication. There may be at least one of the following approaches:Explicit Indication: The link direction is explicitly indicated for DL or UL communication. If the non-overlapping resources of the communication subband are configured for DL, the indication in the physical layer signaling can be included as DL. Similarly, if configured for UL, the indication can be included as UL.Implicit Derivation: The link direction is implicitly derived from the non-overlapping resources of the subbands. If the communication subband resources are configured as DL and the overlapping resources are indicated for communication, they can be used for DL communication. Conversely, if the overlapping resources are indicated for communication and configured for UL, they can be used for UL communication.Method 2: Usage indication for overlapped time and frequency resources: In this method only the usage indication for the overlapped time and frequency resources can be indicated, in the physical layer signaling whether to use for sensing or to use for communication. In this method, since the overlapped time and frequency resources are already known to the UEs therefore, the indication may only include the indication for the usage of the overlapped resources. Similar to the above method if the indication is for communication, it needs to further species whether the overlapped resources are used for DL or UL communication. There may be at least one of the following approaches:Explicit Indication: The link direction is explicitly indicated for DL or UL communication. If the non-overlapping resources of the communication subband are configured for DL, the indication in the physical layer signaling can be included as DL. Similarly, if configured for UL, the indication can be included as UL.Implicit Derivation: The link direction is implicitly derived from the non-overlapping resources of the subbands. If the communication subband resources are configured as DL and the overlapping resources are indicated for communication, they can be used for DL communication. Conversely, if the overlapping resources are indicated for communication and configured for UL, they can be used for UL communication.MAC Layer Indication for overlapped resources of time and frequency resources:In some examples, the signaling comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) signaling used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the MAC CE signaling indicates at least one of: a start and end location or a start location and length of time resources; a start and end RB or a start RB and a length of contiguous RBs for frequency resources; a usage indication indicating whether the overlapping subbands are used for sensing or for communication in a DL or an UL. In some examples, the signaling comprises a MAC CE signaling used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the MAC CE signaling indicates whether the time resources and frequency resources are to be used for sensing or communication, and if for communication, whether in a DL or in an UL.This is an alternative solution to section 4.3.2.1 where the physical layer signaling are used for indication of the overlapped. To indicate whether the overlapped time and frequency resources are used for sensing or use for communication, it can be indicated in the MAC layer signaling as given belowMethod 1: MAC Layer based explicit indication for overlapped time and frequency resources: In this method, explicit indications are provided for allocating overlapping time and frequency resources to either sensing or communication. The MAC CE may include the following information for indicating the use of these resources:Indication of Overlapping Time Resources: This indication is included in the physical layer signaling and specifies the starting and ending locations of the time resources. Alternatively, it can indicate the time location and the length of contiguous time resources, such as time slots or symbols.Indication of Overlapping Frequency Resources: This indication is also included in the physical layer signaling at the cell level. It can indicated the overlapping starting RB and the overlapping end RB or it can include the indication for the overlapping starting RB and the length of contiguous RBs.Usage Indication: An additional indication in the physical layer signaling specifies whether the overlapping time and frequency resources are used for sensing or communication. If the indication is for communication, it further specifies whether the resources are used for DL or UL communication. There may be at least one of the following approaches:Explicit Indication: The link direction is explicitly indicated for DL or UL communication. If the non-overlapping resources of the communication subband are configured for DL, the indication in the physical layer signaling can be included as DL. Similarly, if configured for UL, the indication can be included as UL.Implicit Derivation: The link direction is implicitly derived from the non-overlapping resources of the subbands. If the communication subband resources are configured as DL and the overlapping resources are indicated for communication, they can be used for DL communication. Conversely, if the overlapping resources are indicated for communication and configured for UL, they can be used for UL communication.Method 2: MAC layer signaling based usage indication for overlapped time and frequency resources: In this method only the usage indication for the overlapped time and frequency resources can be indicated, in the MAC layer signaling similar to phy layer signaling that whether to use for sensing or to use for communication. In this method, since the overlapped time and frequency resources are already known to the UEs therefore, the indication may only include the indication for the usage of the overlapped resources. Similar to the above method if the indication is for communication, it needs to further species whether the overlapped resources are used for DL or UL communication. There may be at least one of the following approaches:Explicit Indication: The link direction is explicitly indicated for DL or UL communication. If the non-overlapping resources of the communication subband are configured for DL, the indication in the MAC layer signaling can be included as DL. Similarly, if configured for UL, the indication can be included as UL.Implicit Derivation: The link direction is implicitly derived from the non-overlapping resources of the subbands. If the communication subband resources are configured as DL and the overlapping resources are indicated for communication, they can be used for DL communication. Conversely, if the overlapping resources are indicated for communication and configured for UL, they can be used for UL communication.Embodiment 3 presents a framework for utilizing overlapping resources in both time and frequency domains to support simultaneous or flexible usage for sensing and communication. Unlike non-overlapping approaches, this method allows certain subbands to serve dual functions, depending on current network requirements. The configuration of these overlapping resources can be performed semi-statically using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC or SIB) or dynamically through physical layer signaling (DCI) or MAC layer signaling (MAC CE) . Overlapping resources may be defined by start and end points or by start points and lengths (for both time and frequency) . Dynamic signaling further enables real-time indication of how these resources should be used-either for sensing or communication-and in which direction (DL or UL) , using either explicit indications or implicit derivations based on the pre-configured subbands. This dual signaling mechanism ensures seamless operation, adaptability, and precise control over shared subband usage. Overlapping resource allocation maximizes spectrum utilization and system flexibility by dynamically adapting shared time-frequency resources for sensing or communication based on real-time network demands.Embodiment 4: Flexible subbands for sensing and communication simultaneously.This embodiment introduces a method of flexible subbands, where a carrier band is divided into multiple flexible subbands (with at least two subbands) for sensing and communication. In this method, the base station uses higher layer semi-static signaling, such as RRC signaling or SIB-based signaling, to configure the time and frequency resources and their locations for each flexible subband for all UEs within a cell. Furthermore, the base station uses physical layer signaling, e.g. DCI, or MAC layer signaling, e.g. MAC CE, to indicate and activate / deactivate the flexible subbands either for sensing or communication purposes. The primary goal of these flexible subbands is to enhance the flexibility of physical resources for sensing and communication.Flexible Subbands: A flexible subband comprises a set of consecutive flexible RBs, where: Each flexible RB can be allocated for either sensing or communication. The actual use of flexible RBs for sensing or communication is determined by dynamic indication.Some examples of this disclosure may propose at least one of the following types of flexible subbands.Type 1: Full Flexible Subbands -These contain contiguous flexible RBs that can be used for either sensing or communication based on dynamic indication.Type 2: Semi-Flexible Subbands -These consist of continuous semi-flexible RBs that are, by default, used only for communication. However, the transmission direction for all semi-flexible RBs within the subband can be dynamically indicated as either DL or UL. In semi-flexible subbands, all semi-flexible RBs must be used in the same direction, meaning different transmission directions are not expected to be scheduled on different flexible RBs within the subband simultaneously.Based on these two types of flexible subbands, this embodiment proposes the following two options for configuring flexible subbands for sensing and communication.Configuration of flexible subbands for sensing and communication:In some examples, the carrier band is divided into a plurality of full-flexible subbands, each full-flexible subband comprises consecutive flexible resource blocks (RBs) , and the consecutive flexible RBs are configured to be activated for sensing or communication. In some examples, the carrier band is divided into at least one full-flexible subband and one semi-flexible subband, the at least one full-flexible subband is selectable for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible subband is used for communication with an indicated link direction, wherein semi-flexible RBs within the semi-flexible subband are assigned the same direction for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication.For the configuration of flexible subbands this disclosure proposes at least one of the following methods.Configuration 1: In this configuration, a carrier is divided into a set of subbands, all of which are designated as Full-Flexible Subbands, as illustrated in FIG. 33. The number of subbands is adjustable, and the decision to uses the full flexible subband for sensing or communication is determined by the base station's dynamic indication as explained in sections below. Although in most of the cases the sensing may performed by the base station, however the dynamic indication to the UEs is to avoid the collision between the sensing and UL communication form UEs in a cell.Configuration 2: FIG. 34 illustrates configuration 2: one full-flexible subband for sensing or communication and one semi-flexible subband for Communication. In this configuration, a carrier band is divided into a set of subbands where one subband is considered as a Full-Flexible Subband, and the other subband is considered a Semi-Flexible Subband for communication. The Full-Flexible Subband can be used for either sensing or communication, depending on the base station's dynamic indication to the UEs. The Semi-Flexible Subband is used only for communication, but it can be configured for either DL or UL communication based on the link direction indicated dynamically.Semi-static signaling details for the configuration of Flexible subband:In some examples, semi-static signaling is used to configure the location such as time resources and bandwidth such as frequency resources for flexible subbands. Higher layer RRC signaling is utilized to configure the flexible subbands according to Option 1 or Option 2, allocating time and frequency resources to all UEs within a cell. In other words, semi-static signaling can configure a pool of flexible subbands within specific time slots, where the time resources of each flexible subband and their frequency resources are explicitly configured as detailed below.Time resources of flexible and semi-flexible subbands:In some examples, time resources of full-flexible subbands or a semi-flexible subband are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol within a slot, and an ending slot or symbol within the slot. In some examples, time resources of full-flexible subbands or a semi-flexible subband are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol within a slot and a length of contiguous slots or symbols.The time resources for Full-Flexible or semi-Flexible subbands are explicitly configured as illustrated in at least one of the following options.Option 1: The configuration may include at least one of the followings: The starting slot and starting symbols within a slot. The ending slot and ending symbols within a slot.Option 2: The configuration may include at least one of the followings: The starting location such as the starting slot and symbol within a slot. The length of the consecutive slots or symbols.Frequency Domain configuration of flexible subbands:In some examples, frequency resources of each full-flexible subband or each semi-flexible subband are indicated using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling by defining a starting resource block or resource element (RB / RE) and an ending RB / RE. In some examples, frequency resources of each full-flexible subband or each semi-flexible subband are indicated using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling by defining a starting RB / RE and a length of contiguous RBs / REs.The frequency domain resources for each flexible or semi-flexible subband can be explicitly configured for the UE using semi-static RRC signaling. For the explicit configuration of flexible subband resources, the at least one of following options can be proposed:Option 1: The starting RB / RE and ending RB / RE of each flexible or semi-flexible subbands are explicitly configured using higher layer signaling.Option 2: The starting RB / RE and the length of contiguous RB / RE of flexible or semi-flexible subbands are explicitly configured using higher layer signaling.Dynamic Indication: In this embodiment, we propose dynamically indicating whether a full flexible subband should be used for sensing or communication. Additionally, this embodiment suggests determining whether a semi-flexible subband configured for communication can be used for DL or UL communication through dynamic signaling. In other words, for semi-flexible subbands, this embodiment proposes an explicit dynamic indication of link direction. To achieve this dynamic indication for flexible and semi-flexible subbands, we recommend utilizing physical layer signaling, such as DCI, or MAC layer signaling, like MAC CE. The method for indicating flexible subbands for sensing or communication is detailed below.Physical layer Indication for Full and semi Flexible subbands:In some examples, the signaling comprises a downlink control information (DCI) used to indicate whether each of a plurality of full-flexible subbands is used for sensing or communication, and if used for communication, to further indicate a link direction for each full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband.In some examples, the signaling comprises a DCI used to indicate at least one of: whether a full-flexible subband is used for sensing or communication; a link direction of a semi-flexible subband for communication.To indicate whether flexible subbands should be used for sensing or communication, we consider the two options mentioned above and explain how physical layer signaling can be utilized to indicate the purpose of flexible subbands and the link direction for both flexible and semi-flexible subbands.Physical layer Indication for Full Flexible Subbands in Configuration 1:In Configuration 1, where both subbands are configured as Full-flexible subbands, the physical layer indication e.g. the indication in the DCI can include the following information:Indication of the First Full Flexible Subband: The indication can be included in the physical layer signaling. Since the time and frequency resources of the full flexible subbands are already configured, the indication can specify whether the subband is used for sensing or communication. For example, a cell-level indication can inform the UEs that the first subband is allocated for sensing.Indication of the Second Full Flexible Subband: The indication can also be included in the physical layer signaling at the cell level. For instance, if the second subband is assigned for communication, then a two stage indication shall be carried by the physical layer signaling:Indication for the use of subbands for communication:Indication of the Link Direction: An additional indication is included in the physical layer signaling to specify the link direction. This indication accompanies the communication subband indication to determine whether the communication should occur in the DL or UL direction, thereby avoiding collisions. In some cases the subbands can be indicated as DL for a set of symbols / slots, and UL for a set of symbols / slots.Physical layer indication for semi-flexible and full-flexible subbands in Configuration 2: In Configuration 2, where one subband is designated as flexible and another as semi-flexible, the dynamic indication can convey the following information through physical layer signaling, such as DCI:Indication of the first Full flexible Subband: The first full flexible subband is semi-statically configured to be used for sensing or communication, the physical layer signaling can indicate whether the subband is used for sensing or used for communication. However, when used for communication, an indication of the link direction is necessary to specify whether it is for Downlink (DL) or Uplink (UL) communication.Indication for the Second Semi-Flexible Subband: The second semi-flexible subband is configured semi statically for communication, therefore the physical layer signaling can include the link direction only, where the link direction can specific whether to use the second semi-flexible subband for DL communication or UL communication. In some embodiments the link direction for a specific period of time can be indicated for DL communication, and for a specific period of time can be indicated for UL communication.MAC Layer Indication for Full and semi-flexible subbands:In some examples, the signaling comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) used to indicate whether each of a plurality of full-flexible subbands is used for sensing or communication, and if used for communication, to further indicate a link direction for each full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband. In some examples, the signaling comprises a MAC signaling used to indicate at least one of: whether a full-flexible subband is used for sensing or communication; a link direction of a semi-flexible subband for communication.This is an alternative solution to the above examples where the physical layer signaling are used for indication of full and semi flexible subband for sensing or communication or both. To indicate whether flexible subbands should be used for sensing or communication, this embodiment may consider the two options mentioned above and explain how MAC layer signaling can be utilized to indicate the purpose of flexible subbands and the link direction for both flexible and semi-flexible subbands.MAC layer Indication for Full Flexible Subbands in Configuration 1: In Configuration 1, where both subbands are configured as Full-flexible subbands, the dynamic indication such as MAC CE can include the following information:Indication of the First Flexible Subband: The indication can be included in the MAC layer signaling. Since the time and frequency resources of the flexible subbands are already configured, the indication can specify whether the subband is used for sensing or communication. For example, a cell-level indication can inform the UEs that the first subband is allocated for sensing.Indication of the Second Full Flexible Subband: The indication for the second full flexible subband included in the physical layer signaling at the cell level, can specify whether to use the second full flexible subband for sensing or use for communication. If the second subband is assigned for communication, then a two-stage indication shall be carried by the MAC CE: Indication for the use of subbands for communication. Indication of the Link Direction: An additional indication is included in the MAC layer signaling to specify the link direction. This indication accompanies the communication subband indication to determine whether the communication should occur in the DL or UL direction, thereby avoiding collisions. In some cases, the subbands can be indicated as DL for a set of symbols / slots, and UL for a set of symbols / slots.MAC layer indication for flexible subbands in Configuration 2: In Configuration 2, where one subband is designated as flexible and another as semi-flexible, the dynamic indication can convey the following information through MAC layer signaling, such as MAC CE:Indication for the first Full flexible Subband: The first full flexible subband is semi-statically configured to be used for sensing or communication, the MAC layer signaling can indicate whether the subband is used for sensing or used for communication. However, when used for communication, an indication of the link direction is necessary to specify whether it is for Downlink (DL) or Uplink (UL) communication.Indication for the Second Semi-Flexible Subband: The second semi-flexible subband is configured semi statically for communication, therefore the MAC layer signaling can include the link direction only, where the link direction can specific whether to use the second semi-flexible subband for DL communication or UL communication. In some embodiments the link direction for a specific period of time can be indicated for DL communication, and for a specific period of time can be indicated for UL communication.Embodiment 4 introduces a flexible subband configuration framework that divides a carrier band into full-flexible and semi-flexible subbands to support simultaneous or adaptive usage for sensing and communication. Full-flexible subbands consist of resource blocks (RBs) that can be dynamically assigned for either function, while semi-flexible subbands are primarily used for communication with a dynamically adjustable link direction (DL or UL) . Semi-static configuration using higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC) establishes the base time-frequency resources, while dynamic signaling (e.g., DCI or MAC CE) activates or switches the function of each subband in real time. Two configuration schemes are proposed: one using only full-flexible subbands, and another combining one full-flexible and one semi-flexible subband. Dynamic indications enable fine-grained, low-latency control over subband usage, ensuring flexibility, efficiency, and collision avoidance in spectrum management. Flexible subband design empowers real-time, adaptive spectrum allocation for sensing and communication, significantly improving resource utilization and network responsiveness.FIG. 35 illustrates that, in some embodiments, one or more user equipments (UEs) 10 and a base station 20 such as gNB for communication in a communication network system 40 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure are provided. The communication network system 40 includes one or more UEs 10 and a base station 20.The base station 20 is configured to perform determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; determining a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .The base station 20 is configured to perform determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; determining a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .The base station 20 is configured to perform determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; determining a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; and transmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .The UE 10 is configured to perform receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and receiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.The UE 10 is configured to perform receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and receiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.The UE 10 is configured to perform receiving, form a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; and receiving, form the base station, a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.The one or more UEs 10 may include a memory 12, a transceiver 13, and a processor 11 coupled to the memory 12 and the transceiver 13. The base station 20 may include a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a processor 21 coupled to the memory 22 and the transceiver 23. The processor 11or 21 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor 11 or 21. The memory 12 or 22 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21 and stores a variety of information to operate the processor 11 or 21. The transceiver 13 or 23 is operatively coupled with the processor 11 or 21, and the transceiver 13 or 23 transmits and / or receives a radio signal.In this disclosure, the base station 20 can be an entity which is used to transmit or receive information, such as gNB. The base station 20 can also be eNodeB, transmission reception point, TRP, the NodeB in next generation communication or access point in WIFI. The UE 10 is an entity which is used to transmit or receive information at user side, such as a cell phone UE. The UE 10 can also be called as terminal, UE, mobile station, mobile terminal. The UE 10 can mobile phone, pad, VR, AR, wireless terminal of industrial control, wireless terminal of self-driving, wireless terminal of remote medical surgery, wireless terminal of smart grid, wireless terminal of transport safety, wireless terminal of smart city, wireless terminal of smart home, etc. Furthermore, the terminal and base station can be deployed in land, include indoor, outdoor, handheld, on-board, it can also deploy on the water, air, plane, drone or satellite.In some examples, a user equipment (UE) comprises a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The UE is configured to perform the above method. In some examples, a base station comprises a memory, a transceiver, and a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver. The base station is configured to perform the above method. In some examples, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method. In some examples, a chip includes a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the above method. In some examples, a computer readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, causes a computer to execute the above method. In some examples, a computer program product includes a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to execute the above method. In some examples, a computer program causes a computer to execute the above method.The functional configurations described in the above examples-including the use of a memory, transceiver, processor, and computer-readable storage medium-can be practically implemented within a system such as that shown in FIG. 36. Specifically, the UE or base station described in the above examples can be realized through the hardware components of system 700, where the processor corresponds to the application circuitry 730, the memory and storage to memory / storage 740, and the transceiver to the RF circuitry 710. The instructions or computer programs mentioned in
[0364] can be stored in the memory / storage 740 and executed by the processor within the application circuitry 730 to carry out the sensing and communication procedures. This architectural alignment ensures that the described methods can be effectively supported in a real-world hardware-software integrated environment, enabling the proposed functionalities across devices within a wireless communication system.FIG. 36 is a block diagram of an example system 700 for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the system using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 36 illustrates the system 700 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 710, a baseband circuitry 720, an application circuitry 730, a memory / storage 740, a display 750, a camera 760, a sensor 770, and an input / output (I / O) interface 780, coupled with each other at least as illustrated. The application circuitry 730 may include a circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors, application processors, or digital signal processor. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system.While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station, comprising:determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time;determining a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; andtransmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .2.The wireless communication method of claim 1, further comprising:performing at least one of following operations:performing sensing in a subband configured for sensing and performing a downlink (DL) communication and / or an uplink (UL) communication in a subband configured for communication, wherein the sensing and the DL communication and / or the UL communication are in the same time period;performing sensing in the subband configured for sensing and performing both the DL communication and the UL communication in the subband configured for communication, wherein the DL communication and the UL communication are in different time periods.3.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are semi-statically configured to coexist with a time division duplex (TDD) frame structure, and the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are allocated within DL symbols / slots, UL symbols / slots, or flexible symbols / slots.4.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are semi-statically configured independently of a TDD pattern by defining a time window comprising both sensing and communication periods.5.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subband for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining one or more of following parameters: a starting slot, a starting symbol index within the starting slot, an ending slot, an ending symbol index within the ending slot, a starting frame or sub-frame, an ending frame or sub-frame.6.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subband for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting location comprising at least one of a starting symbol, a starting slot, a starting sub-frame, or a starting radio frame, and a length parameter indicating a duration of the subband.7.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein a periodicity of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication in a time domain is configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling, and a time duration and a time location of the non-overlapping subbands are activated at intervals.8.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting resource block (RB) or resource element (RE) and an ending RB or RE for each non-overlapping subband, and a guardband between the non-overlapping subbands is derived based on the starting RB or RE and the ending RB or RE.9.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting RB and a length of contiguous RBs for one the non-overlapping subband.10.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining in units of resource block groups (RBGs) , with a number of RBs per RBG.11.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a start location and a period using a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling.12.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a start symbol, start slot, or start subframe and an end symbol, end slot, or end subframe using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling.13.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by overwriting configured DL or UL communication resources in a TDD frame structure using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling.14.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining starting and ending RBs or REs using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling, and frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for communication are derived.15.The wireless communication method of claim 1 or 2, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a starting RB and a length of contiguous RBs using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling, and remaining frequency resources are allocated to communication.16.A wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) side, comprising:receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; andreceiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.17.The wireless communication method of claim 16, further comprising performing at least one of following operations:performing, by a first user equipment (UE) or a group of UEs, sensing within a non-overlapping subband configured for sensing, if requested by the base station;performing, by a second UE or the group of UEs, communication within a non-overlapping subband configured for communication, by:receiving a downlink (DL) communication as scheduled by the base station, orperforming an uplink (UL) communication as scheduled by the base station.18.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are semi-statically configured to coexist with a time division duplex (TDD) frame structure, and the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are allocated within DL symbols / slots, UL symbols / slots, or flexible symbols / slots.19.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are semi-statically configured independently of a TDD pattern by defining a time window comprising both sensing and communication periods.20.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subband for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining one or more of following parameters: a starting slot, a starting symbol index within the starting slot, an ending slot, an ending symbol index within the ending slot, a starting frame or sub-frame, an ending frame or sub-frame.21.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subband for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting location comprising at least one of a starting symbol, a starting slot, a starting sub-frame, or a starting radio frame, and a length parameter indicating a duration of the subband.22.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein a periodicity of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication in a time domain is configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling, and a time duration and a time location of the non-overlapping subbands are activated at intervals.23.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting resource block (RB) or resource element (RE) and an ending RB or RE for each non-overlapping subband, and a guardband between the non-overlapping subbands is derived based on the starting RB or RE and the ending RB or RE.24.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting RB and a length of contiguous RBs for one the non-overlapping subband.25.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining in units of resource block groups (RBGs) , with a number of RBs per RBG.26.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a start location and a period using a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control control element (MAC CE) signaling.27.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a start symbol, start slot, or start subframe and an end symbol, end slot, or end subframe using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling.28.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein time resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by overwriting configured DL or UL communication resources in a TDD frame structure using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling.29.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining starting and ending RBs or REs using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling, and frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for communication are derived.30.The wireless communication method of claim 16 or 17, wherein frequency resources of the non-overlapping subbands for sensing are indicated by defining a starting RB and a length of contiguous RBs using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling, and remaining frequency resources are allocated to communication.31.A wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station, comprising:determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time;determining a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; andtransmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .32.The wireless communication method of claim 31, further comprising indicating, to the one or more UEs, the overlapping subbands to be used for sensing, downlink (DL) communication, or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling.33.The wireless communication method of claim 31 or 32, wherein time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol, and an ending slot or symbol for each overlapping subband.34.The wireless communication method of claim 31 or 32, wherein time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol along with a length of contiguous slots or symbols of each overlapping subband for sensing and communication.35.The wireless communication method of claim 31 or 32, wherein time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting resource block or resource element (RB / RE) and an ending RB / RE for each overlapping subband.36.The wireless communication method of claim 31 or 32, wherein frequency resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting RB / RE and a length of contiguous RBs / REs for sensing and communication.37.The wireless communication method of claim 32, wherein the signaling comprises a downlink control information (DCI) used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the DCI indicates at least one of: a start and end location or a start location, and a length for overlapping time slots or symbols; a start and end RB or a start RB and contiguous RB length for frequency resources; a usage indication indicating whether the overlapping subbands are used for sensing or for communication in a DL or an UL.38.The wireless communication method of claim 32, wherein the signaling comprises a DCI used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the DCI indicates whether the time resources and the frequency resources are to be used for sensing or communication, and if for communication, whether in a DL or an UL.39.The wireless communication method of claim 32, wherein the signaling comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) signaling used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the MAC CE signaling indicates at least one of: a start and end location or a start location and length of time resources; a start and end RB or a start RB and a length of contiguous RBs for frequency resources; a usage indication indicating whether the overlapping subbands are used for sensing or for communication in a DL or an UL.40.The wireless communication method of claim 32, wherein the signaling comprises a MAC CE signaling used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the MAC CE signaling indicates whether the time resources and frequency resources are to be used for sensing or communication, and if for communication, whether in a DL or in an UL.41.A wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment side, comprising:receiving, from a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; andreceiving, from the base station, a second configuration of a set of overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.42.The wireless communication method of claim 41, further comprising receiving, from the base station, the overlapping subbands to be used for sensing, downlink (DL) communication, or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling.43.The wireless communication method of claim 41 or 42, further comprising performing at least one of following operations:performing, by a first user equipment (UE) or a group of UEs, sensing within non-overlapping subbands configured for sensing, and within the overlapping subbands if indicated for sensing, when sensing if requested by a base station;performing, by a second UE or the group of UEs, communication within the non-overlapping subbands configured for communication, and within the overlapping subbands if indicated for communication, by:receiving a downlink (DL) communication as scheduled by the base station, orperforming an uplink (UL) communication as scheduled by the base station.44.The wireless communication method of claim 41 or 42, wherein time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol, and an ending slot or symbol for each overlapping subband.45.The wireless communication method of claim 41 or 42, wherein time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol along with a length of contiguous slots or symbols of each overlapping subband for sensing and communication.46.The wireless communication method of claim 41 or 42, wherein time resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting resource block or resource element (RB / RE) and an ending RB / RE for each overlapping subband.47.The wireless communication method of claim 41 or 42, wherein frequency resources of the overlapping subbands for sensing and communication are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting RB / RE and a length of contiguous RBs / REs for sensing and communication.48.The wireless communication method of claim 42, wherein the signaling comprises a downlink control information (DCI) used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the DCI indicates at least one of: a start and end location or a start location, and a length for overlapping time slots or symbols; a start and end RB or a start RB and contiguous RB length for frequency resources; a usage indication indicating whether the overlapping subbands are used for sensing or for communication in a DL or an UL.49.The wireless communication method of claim 42, wherein the signaling comprises a DCI used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the DCI indicates whether the time resources and the frequency resources are to be used for sensing or communication, and if for communication, whether in a DL or an UL.50.The wireless communication method of claim 42, wherein the signaling comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) signaling used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the MAC CE signaling indicates at least one of: a start and end location or a start location and length of time resources; a start and end RB or a start RB and a length of contiguous RBs for frequency resources; a usage indication indicating whether the overlapping subbands are used for sensing or for communication in a DL or an UL.51.The wireless communication method of claim 42, wherein the signaling comprises a MAC CE signaling used to indicate time resources and frequency resources of the overlapping subbands, the MAC CE signaling indicates whether the time resources and frequency resources are to be used for sensing or communication, and if for communication, whether in a DL or in an UL.52.A wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a base station, comprising:determining a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time;determining a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time; andtransmitting the first configuration and the second configuration to one or more user equipment (UEs) .53.The wireless communication method of claim 52, further comprising indicating, to the one or more UEs, the full-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling.54.The wireless communication method of claim 53, further comprising performing at least one of following operations:performing sensing in the full-flexible non-overlapping subbands for sensing;performing communication in the full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands for communication, by:performing the DL communication if the full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands are indicated for DL; orperforming the UL communication if the full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands are indicated for UL.55.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 52 to 54, wherein the carrier band is divided into a plurality of full-flexible subbands, each full-flexible subband comprises consecutive flexible resource blocks (RBs) , and the consecutive flexible RBs are configured to be activated for sensing or communication.56.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 52 to 54, wherein the carrier band is divided into at least one full-flexible subband and one semi-flexible subband, the at least one full-flexible subband is selectable for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible subband is used for communication with an indicated link direction, wherein semi-flexible RBs within the semi-flexible subband are assigned the same direction for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication.57.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 52 to 56, wherein time resources of full-flexible subbands or a semi-flexible subband are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol within a slot, and an ending slot or symbol within the slot.58.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 52 to 56, wherein time resources of full-flexible subbands or a semi-flexible subband are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol within a slot and a length of contiguous slots or symbols.59.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 52 to 56, wherein frequency resources of each full-flexible subband or each semi-flexible subband are indicated using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling by defining a starting resource block or resource element (RB / RE) and an ending RB / RE.60.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 52 to 56, wherein frequency resources of each full-flexible subband or each semi-flexible subband are indicated using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling by defining a starting RB / RE and a length of contiguous RBs / REs.61.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the signaling comprises a downlink control information (DCI) used to indicate whether each of a plurality of full-flexible subbands is used for sensing or communication, and if used for communication, to further indicate a link direction for each full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband.62.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the signaling comprises a DCI used to indicate at least one of: whether a full-flexible subband is used for sensing or communication; a link direction of a semi-flexible subband for communication.63.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the signaling comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) used to indicate whether each of a plurality of full-flexible subbands is used for sensing or communication, and if used for communication, to further indicate a link direction for each full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband.64.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the signaling comprises a MAC signaling used to indicate at least one of: whether a full-flexible subband is used for sensing or communication; a link direction of a semi-flexible subband for communication.65.A wireless communication method for sensing and communication, executed by a user equipment (UE) side, comprising:receiving, form a base station, a first configuration of a time frame pattern for sensing and communication for a period of time; andreceiving, form the base station, a second configuration of a set of full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands in a carrier band for sensing and communication within the time frame pattern for the period of time.66.The wireless communication method of claim 65, further comprising receiving, from the base station, the full-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible non-overlapping subbands to be used for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication through a signaling.67.The wireless communication method of claim 65 or 66, further comprising performing at least one of following operations:a first UE or a group of UEs performing sensing within a full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband that is indicated for sensing, when sensing if requested by a base station;a second UE or the group of UEs performing communication within a full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband that is indicated for communication, by:receiving a DL communication if scheduled by the base station, orperforming an UL communication if scheduled by the base station.68.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 65 to 67, wherein the carrier band is divided into a plurality of full-flexible subbands, each full-flexible subband comprises consecutive flexible resource blocks (RBs) , and the consecutive flexible RBs are configured to be activated for sensing or communication.69.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 65 to 67, wherein the carrier band is divided into at least one full-flexible subband and one semi-flexible subband, the at least one full-flexible subband is selectable for sensing or communication, and the semi-flexible subband is used for communication with an indicated link direction, wherein semi-flexible RBs within the semi-flexible subband are assigned the same direction for downlink (DL) communication or uplink (UL) communication.70.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 65 to 69, wherein time resources of full-flexible subbands or a semi-flexible subband are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol within a slot, and an ending slot or symbol within the slot.71.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 65 to 69, wherein time resources of full-flexible subbands or a semi-flexible subband are configured semi-statically using a higher layer signaling by defining a starting slot or symbol within a slot and a length of contiguous slots or symbols.72.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 65 to 69, wherein frequency resources of each full-flexible subband or each semi-flexible subband are indicated using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling by defining a starting resource block or resource element (RB / RE) and an ending RB / RE.73.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 65 to 69, wherein frequency resources of each full-flexible subband or each semi-flexible subband are indicated using a DCI or a MAC CE signaling by defining a starting RB / RE and a length of contiguous RBs / REs.74.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the signaling comprises a downlink control information (DCI) used to indicate whether each of a plurality of full-flexible subbands is used for sensing or communication, and if used for communication, to further indicate a link direction for each full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband.75.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the signaling comprises a DCI used to indicate at least one of: whether a full-flexible subband is used for sensing or communication; a link direction of a semi-flexible subband for communication.76.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the signaling comprises a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) used to indicate whether each of a plurality of full-flexible subbands is used for sensing or communication, and if used for communication, to further indicate a link direction for each full-flexible or semi-flexible non-overlapping subband.77.The wireless communication method of any one of claims 66 to 69, wherein the signaling comprises a MAC signaling used to indicate at least one of: whether a full-flexible subband is used for sensing or communication; a link direction of a semi-flexible subband for communication.78.A base station, comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the base station is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 15, 31 to 40 or 52 to 64.79.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a memory;a transceiver; anda processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver;wherein the UE is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 16 to 30, 41 to 51, or 65 to77.