Micro LED display panel and display device
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085801
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure CN2025085801_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MICRO LED DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY DEVICETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to micro display technology, and more particularly, to a micro light emitting diode (LED) display panel and a display device.BACKGROUND
[0002] Inorganic micro pixel light emitting diodes, also referred to as micro light emitting diodes, micro LEDs, or μ-LEDs, become more important since they are used in various applications including self-emissive micro-displays, visible light communications, and optogenetics. The micro LEDs have higher output performance than conventional LEDs because of better strain relaxation, improved light extraction efficiency, and uniform current spreading. A micro LED display panel is manufactured by integrating an array of thousands or even millions of micro LEDs with an integrated circuit (IC) back panel. In conventional techniques, metal pads (also referred to as metal mirrors) are disposed between adjacent micro LED elements for limiting light to a certain angle range by reflection. However, the reflectivity of optimal metal pads (e.g., made from Al, Ag, Au) is typically from 85%to 90%. This poses an absorption problem as light may bounce off several times between metal pads. Hence, the light extraction efficiency may decrease.
[0003] Therefore, there is a need for improving the displaying quality of micro LEDs. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a micro LED display panel. The micro LED display panel includes a plurality of micro LED elements each comprising a first semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, and a second semiconductor layer stacked from top down; and a plurality of dielectric pads each arranged between adjacent ones of the plurality of micro LED elements and configured to directing light that originates from the light emitting layer.
[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display device. The display device includes any of the micro LED described herein or any of the micro LED display panels described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Embodiments and various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated in the following detailed description and the accompanying figures. Various features shown in the figures are not drawn to scale.
[0007] FIG. 1A illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of an exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0008] FIG. 1B illustrates a structural diagram showing a top view of the exemplary micro LED display panel shown in FIG. 1A, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0009] FIG. 2 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 3 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 5 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary display device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 11 illustrates another exemplary display device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The following description refers to the accompanying drawings in which the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise represented. The implementations set forth in the following description of exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the invention. Instead, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with aspects related to the invention as recited in the appended claims. Particular aspects of the present disclosure are described in greater detail below. The terms and definitions provided herein control, if in conflict with terms and / or definitions incorporated by reference.
[0020] FIG. 1A illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of an exemplary micro LED display panel 10, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro LED display panel 10 includes a plurality of micro LED elements 100 and a plurality of dielectric pads 104. Herein, dielectric pads 104, which are made from dielectric materials, can be disposed to surround micro LED elements 100 when viewed from above. It can be understood that in FIG. 1A, micro LED display panel 10 including three micro LED elements 100 and several dielectric pads 104 each arranged between adjacent micro LED elements 100 is shown only for illustrative purposes. The illustrated structure can be extended to form a complete micro LED display panel 10. In the present disclosure, the term “arranged” may also be referred to as “deployed, ” “disposed” or an equivalent.
[0021] As shown in FIG. 1A, each micro LED element 100 includes a first semiconductor layer 101, a light emitting layer 102, and a second semiconductor layer 103. First semiconductor layer 101, light emitting layer 102, and second semiconductor layer 103 are stacked from top down to form a mesa 130. The sidewall of mesa 130 is inclined. In some embodiments, the sidewall of mesa 130 inclines so that mesa 130 gradually becomes broader from bottom to top. The inclined sidewall can be generated in various other forms which are not described herein. The principal description herein can also be applied to these variants.
[0022] In some embodiments, second semiconductor layer 103 can be a P-type epitaxial layer or an N-type epitaxial layer. First semiconductor layer 101 can be an N-type epitaxial layer or a P-type epitaxial layer. A material of first semiconductor layer 101 is selected from one or more of GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, AlGaN, GaP, AlGaInP, or AlInP. Light emitting layer 102 is a quantum well layer. A material of light emitting layer 102 is selected from one or more of InGaN, AlGaN, AlInGaN, InGaP or AlGaInP. First semiconductor layer 101 and second semiconductor layer 103 have opposite conductive types. That is, if first semiconductor layer 101 is a P-type epitaxial layer, then second semiconductor layer 103 is an N-type epitaxial layer; and if first semiconductor layer 101 is an N-type epitaxial layer, then second semiconductor layer 103 is a P-type epitaxial layer. A material of second semiconductor layer 103 is selected from one or more of AlInP, AlGaInP, GaP, GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN or AlGaN.
[0023] In some embodiments, a top surface of first semiconductor layer 101 is rough at a place that is not disposed with dielectric pads 104. For example, the top surface can be formed with microstructures, e.g., triangles 111 shown in FIG. 1A, to reduce total reflections at the top surface. The roughness of the top surface improves light extraction of micro LED element 100. As can be appreciated, the microstructures shown in FIG. 1A are enlarged for illustrating the principles of the present disclosure, and their actual sizes can be different from those illustrated in the figures. In some embodiments, the microstructures can be formed by, e.g., etching the top surface of first semiconductor layer 101 and hence be formed of the same material as first semiconductor layer 101. For example, the top surface roughness can be formed by photolithography and plasma etching.
[0024] FIG. 1B illustrates a structural diagram showing a top view of micro LED display panel 10 shown in FIG. 1A, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Some components have been omitted from FIG. 1B to illustrate particular features more clearly. In some embodiments, as first semiconductor layers 101 of all of micro LED elements 100 are formed as a continuous layer, the tops of all micro LED elements 100 are electrically connected, and a driving signal to a target one of micro LED elements 100 can be received via a corresponding bottom contact 121 (e.g., a Cu pad) of the target micro LED element 100 and a common conductive pad (not shown) for the continuous first semiconductor layer 101, for example. That is, all micro LED elements 100 share a common first semiconductor layer 101. In some embodiments, a grid (e.g., an N-grid when first semiconductor layer 101 is an N-type epitaxial layer) can be arranged for providing conductivity between first semiconductor layers 101 of all of micro LED elements 100 and a common conductive pad of IC backplane 120, which is described in detail below. The grid can be formed as metal traces that intersect. As shown in FIG. 1B, the rough top surface of first semiconductor layer 101 of micro LED element 100 may have a center aligned with a center of light emitting layer 102 of micro LED element 100 when viewed from above. First semiconductor layers 101 of respective micro LED elements 100 are seamlessly arranged to form the continuous first semiconductor layer 101.
[0025] In some embodiments, dielectric pads 104 can be separately formed. In some embodiments, dielectric pads 104 may be formed as a continuous layer as shown in FIG. 1B. The boundaries of dielectric pads 104 for adjacent micro LED elements 100 can be rectangles that have centers aligned with corresponding centers of light emitting layers 102 of micro LED elements 100 when viewed from above. Still referring to FIG. 1A, dielectric pads 104 each can be arranged on the continuous first semiconductor layer 101 of micro LED elements 100. Specifically, dielectric pads 104 can be disposed between adjacent micro LED elements 100. As described above, conventional metal pads (e.g., made from Al, Ag, Au) may have a reflectivity typically from 85%to 90%. Hence, light that originates from light emitting layer 102 and reflected by metal pads will be decreased in intensity. Dielectric pads 104 can be disposed, instead of metal pads, for shaping a beam angle and directing the light originating from light emitting layer 102. In some embodiments, dielectric pads 104 may reflect light completely or substantially completely with minimal absorption losses. Consequently, an improvement in emitted light energy and power and an increase in light extraction efficiency can be expected at a viewer’s eye. For example, when micro LED display panel 10 is incorporated into a pair of AR / VR glasses, the luminance of micro LED display panel 10 is higher when coupling to a waveguide of the AR / VR glasses, as compared with conventional designs. Dielectric pads 104 can be formed in a variety of ways. For example, dielectric pads 104 can be deposited on first semiconductor layers 101 of adjacent micro LED elements 100 by sputtering or electron-beam deposition.
[0026] In some embodiments, dielectric pads 104 can be formed as dielectric Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) . As appreciated, a DBR is a periodic structure formed from alternating dielectric layers that can be used to achieve nearly total reflection within a range of frequencies, with minimal losses. For example, non-conductive dielectric pads 104 can be stacked with SiN sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , Ti2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , or NB2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . In some embodiments, dielectric pads 104 can be stacked with more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, dielectric pads 104 can be stacked with SiN sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) , and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . The material and stacking order of each sub-layer can be designed according to the bandwidth of the light originated from light emitting layer 102.
[0027] In some embodiments, dielectric pads 104 can be formed with a rectangular sectional shape as shown in FIG. 1A. Dielectric pads 104 can also be formed with other sectional shapes (e.g., a trapezoidal sectional shape or a triangular sectional shape) . FIG. 2 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 20, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro LED display panel 20 includes a plurality of micro LED elements 100 as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1A and 1B and a plurality of dielectric pads 204. As shown in FIG. 2, each of dielectric pads 204, which is formed with a triangular sectional shape, each can be arranged on the continuous first semiconductor layer 101 of micro LED elements 100. Specifically, dielectric pads 204 can be disposed between adjacent micro LED elements 100.
[0028] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 20 are the same as described above for micro LED display panel 10 with reference to FIGs. 1A and 1B and will not be described in detail here.
[0029] Referring again to FIG. 1A, micro LED display panel 10 further includes an IC backplane 120 having a common conductive pad (not shown) and a plurality of bottom contacts 121 for providing driving signals generated by IC backplane 120 to respective micro LED elements 100. Each of the plurality of micro LED elements 100 is disposed on a top surface of IC backplane 120. In some embodiments, the continuous first semiconductor layer 101 of the plurality of micro LED elements 100 is conductively coupled to the common conductive pad, and second semiconductor layer 103 of each of the plurality of micro LED elements 100 is conductively coupled to a corresponding bottom contact 121 of the plurality of bottom contacts 121. In some embodiments, IC backplane 120 can be a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) backplane.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 1A, micro LED element 100 further includes a connecting pad 105 (also referred to herein as a contact pad) that is conductively coupled to second semiconductor layer 103 and connected to bottom contact 121 of IC backplane 120. Hence, first semiconductor layer 101 and second semiconductor layer 103 are respectively connected to two electrodes of IC backplane 120 either directly or indirectly. This enables first semiconductor layer 101 and second semiconductor layer 103 to receive signals from IC backplane 120. As a consequence, light emitting layer 102 between first semiconductor layer 101 and second semiconductor layer 103 can be driven by IC backplane 120. In some embodiments, a diameter of bottom contact 121 is less than a diameter of connecting layer 105 for the convenience of arranging micro LED element 100 onto IC backplane 120.
[0031] In some embodiments, as mesa 130 can be formed by etching at certain angles, the widths of different layers will be different due to the etching mechanism. In an etching process, the upper layers are made broader than the lower layers. In some embodiments, the diameter of the top surface of mesa 130 can be similar to, or the same as, the diameter of the bottom surface. That is, the sidewall of mesa can be almost vertical.
[0032] With further reference to FIG. 1A, a sidewall surface of mesa 130 is covered with a passivation layer 106 for providing electrical insulation between adjacent micro LED elements 100. Each passivation layer 106 is extended to contact passivation layer 106 of an adjacent micro LED element 100 as shown in FIG. 1A.The thickness of passivation layer 106 is in a range of 3 nm to 300 nm for a red micro LED element 100, a green micro LED element 100, or a blue micro LED element 100. In particular, the thickness of passivation layer 106 can be 3 nm to 50 nm.In some examples, passivation layer 106 is an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) -based layer or a layer formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) . A material of passivation layer 106 can be selected from one or more of Al2O3, HfN, SiO2, or SiN. Passivation layer 106 serves as a thin dielectric layer. It prevents short circuiting between first semiconductor layer 101 and second semiconductor layer 103, each provided as an N-type epitaxial layer or P-type epitaxial layer, as described above, and passivates dangling bonds on mesa sidewalls to reduce leakage current in micro LED element 100. As can be appreciated, at least some of the light that originates from light emitting layer 102 can be reflected by second semiconductor layer 103 and passivation layer 106 and emitted from a top of mesa 130.
[0033] In some embodiments, passivation layer 106 can be formed as a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) . For example, non-conductive passivation layer 106 can be stacked with SiN sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , Ti2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , or NB2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . In some embodiments, passivation layer 106 can be stacked with more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, passivation layer 106 can be stacked with SiN sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) , and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . The material and stacking order of each sub-layer can be designed according to the bandwidth of light originated from light emitting layer 102. Compared with conventional passivation layers, passivation layers formed as DBRs may reflect light incident thereon completely or substantially completely, thus reducing the absorption of light and increasing light extraction efficiency of micro LED element 100.
[0034] In some embodiments, mesa 130 may further include a transparent conductive layer 107 for conductively connecting second semiconductor layer 103 and connecting pad 105. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 107 is provided as a TCO (transparent conductive oxide) layer, for example, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer, an AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) layer, a GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) , an ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide) layer, an FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) layer, or the like. Second semiconductor layer 103 is formed on a top surface of transparent conductive layer 107. Light emitting layer 102 is formed on second semiconductor layer 103, and first semiconductor layer 101 is formed on light emitting layer 102. Dielectric pads 104 are arranged on the respective first semiconductor layers 101 of the adjacent micro LED elements 100.
[0035] In some embodiments, micro LED element 100 may further include a metal reflective layer 108 formed on a bottom surface of transparent conductive layer 107. Connecting pad 105 can be formed on a bottom surface of metal reflective layer 108. To improve light emission efficiency, metal reflective layer 108 is provided to reflect light upwards as viewed in FIG. 1A. Metal reflective layer 108 may be made of Ag, Al, Au, etc., and coated with one or more of Cr, Ni, Pt, Ti, or Au. In some embodiments, metal reflective layer 108 is further extended to and formed on a surface of passivation layer 106. Passivation layer 106 is disposed between metal reflective layer 108 and second semiconductor layer 103. In some embodiments in which metal reflecting layer 108 is further extended, passivation layer 106 is further disposed between metal reflective layer 108 and layers 101 and 102.
[0036] With further reference to FIG. 1A, micro LED element 100 further includes an insulating layer 109 formed on IC backplane 120. Insulating layer 109 covers IC backplane 120 and provides insulation to surface components of IC backplane 120. In addition, insulating layer 109 can support metal reflective layers 108 and passivation layers 106.
[0037] In some embodiments, micro LED element 100 may further include a micro lens 110 arranged above first semiconductor layer 101. As shown in FIG. 1A, micro lens 110 of a target one of micro LED elements 100 can be arranged with its edge joining dielectric pads 104 that surround the target micro LED elements 100. As can be appreciated, micro lens 110 can shape the beam angle further by converging the beam, wherein the beam includes the light that originates from light emitting layer 102.
[0038] As described above, micro LED element 100 described above can be a red micro LED element, a green micro LED element, or a blue micro LED element. That is, micro LED display panel 10 can be configured to generate a red image, a green image, or a blue image. In some embodiments, micro LED display panel 10 may have different kinds of micro LED elements. For example, micro LED display panel 10 may include a combination of red micro LED elements, green micro LED elements, and blue micro LED elements.
[0039] In some embodiments, a total reflection structure can be formed above the first semiconductor layer of a micro LED element. FIG. 3 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 30, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0040] As shown in FIG. 3, each micro LED element 300 of micro LED display panel 30 includes a first semiconductor layer 301, light emitting layer 102, and second semiconductor layer 103. First semiconductor layer 301, light emitting layer 102, and second semiconductor layer 103 are stacked from top down to form a mesa 330. The sidewall of mesa 330 is inclined. In addition, a top surface of first semiconductor layer 301 can be flat, while other aspects of first semiconductor layer 301 are the same as described above for first semiconductor layer 101. Dielectric pads 104 can be deposited on first semiconductor layers 301 of adjacent micro LED elements 300 by sputtering or electron-beam deposition.
[0041] Micro LED element 300 may include a third semiconductor layer 302 disposed on first semiconductor layer 301 and between dielectric pads 104. Third semiconductor layer 302 may have the same doped type as first semiconductor layer 301. For example, if first semiconductor layer 301 is an N-type epitaxial layer, then third semiconductor layer 302 can also be an N-type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, third semiconductor layer 302 can be an extension of first semiconductor layer 301. That is, first semiconductor layer 301 and third semiconductor layer 302 can be formed in a single deposition process and therefore be composed of the same material. As such, dielectric pads 104 can be deemed as being embedded in third semiconductor layer 302. The scope of the present disclosure covers such structure. In addition, third semiconductor layer 302 may have a greater refractive index than dielectric pads 104. As such, third semiconductor layer 302 along with dielectric pads 104 form a total internal reflection (TIR) structure, wherein light guided by third semiconductor layer 302 cannot escape from a boundary between third semiconductor layer 302 and dielectric pads 104. As appreciated, TlR is the phenomenon in which light arriving at an interface (boundary) from one medium to another is not refracted into the second ( “external” ) medium, but completely reflected back into the first ( “internal” ) medium. TlR occurs when the second medium has a higher light speed (i.e., lower refractive index) than the first, and the lights is incident at a sufficiently oblique angle on the interface.
[0042] In some embodiments, a top surface of first semiconductor layer 301 is flat while a top surface of third semiconductor layer 302 can be rough. As shown in FIG. 3, the top surface can be formed with microstructures, e.g., triangles 111, to reduce total reflections at the top surface. The roughness of the top surface improves light extraction of micro LED element 300. As can be appreciated, the microstructures shown in FIG. 3 are enlarged for illustrating the principles of the present disclosure, and their actual sizes can be different from those illustrated in the figures. In some embodiments, the microstructures can be formed by, e.g., etching the top surface of third semiconductor layer 302 and hence be formed of the same material as third semiconductor layer 302. For example, the top surface can be formed by photolithography and plasma etching.
[0043] In some embodiments, micro lens 110 can be arranged on or above third semiconductor layer 302. As shown in FIG. 3, micro lens 110 of a target one of micro LED elements 300 can be arranged with its edge joining dielectric pad 104 that is surrounding the target micro LED element 300. As can be appreciated, micro lens 110 can shape the beam angle further by converging the beam, wherein the beam includes the light that originates from light emitting layer 102.
[0044] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 30 are the same as described above for micro LED display panel 10 with reference to FIGs. 1A and 1B and will not be described in detail here.
[0045] In some embodiments, the first semiconductor layers of respective micro LED elements can be isolated from each other. FIG. 4 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 40, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0046] Compared with micro LED display panel 30 in FIG. 3, micro LED display panel 40 includes a transparent conductive layer 402 formed on a top surface of dielectric pads 404 and conductively coupled to a first semiconductor layer 401 of respective micro LED elements 400. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 402 can be further formed between dielectric pads 404 on first semiconductor layer 401. In some embodiments, similar to micro LED display panel 30 in FIG. 3, micro LED element 400 may include a third semiconductor layer 302 disposed on first semiconductor layer 401 and between dielectric pads 404. Third semiconductor layer 302 may have the same doped type as first semiconductor layer 401. For example, if first semiconductor layer 401 is an N-type epitaxial layer, then third semiconductor layer 302 can also be an N-type epitaxial layer. In some embodiments, third semiconductor layer 302 can be an extension of first semiconductor layer 401. That is, first semiconductor layer 401 and third semiconductor layer 302 can be formed in a single deposition process and therefore be composed of the same material. As such, dielectric pads 104 can be deemed as being embedded in first semiconductor layer 401 and third semiconductor layer 302. Transparent conductive layer 402 can be formed on top surfaces of third semiconductor layer 302 of respective micro LED elements 400. In addition, micro lens 110 can be arranged on or above transparent conductive layer 402.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 4, dielectric pads 404 are each disposed on passivation layer 106 of the adjacent micro LED elements 400 respectively where they are connected to each other. As described above, the continuous transparent conductive layer 402 can provide communicative coupling for respective first semiconductor layer 401 to the common conductive pad (not shown) of IC backplane 120. Hence, first semiconductor layer 401 of respective micro LED elements 400 can be isolated from each other to avoid crosstalk of the light that originates from light emitting layers 102 of respective micro LED elements 400. Dielectric pads 404 may prevent light guided in first semiconductor layer 401 from escaping at a boundary between first semiconductor layer 401 and dielectric pads 404.
[0048] In some embodiments, the metal reflective layer below the second semiconductor layer of a micro LED element can be replaced by a DBR structure. FIG. 5 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 50, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0049] Compared with micro LED display panel 30 in FIG. 3, micro LED elements 500 configured to form micro LED display panel 50 each includes a transparent conductive layer 107, a transparent conductive layer 501, and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer 502 stacked from top down for replacing a conventional metal reflective structure. The conventional metal reflective structure can be a metal pad disposed below transparent conductive layer 501, which may undesirably absorb the light that originates from light emitting layers 102. As shown in FIG. 5, transparent conductive layer 107 is formed on a bottom surface of second semiconductor layer 103. As described above, transparent conductive layer 107 in FIG. 5 can be provided as a TCO (transparent conductive oxide) layer, for example, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer, an AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) layer, a GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) , an ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide) layer, an FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) layer, or the like.
[0050] In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 501 can be formed on a bottom surface of transparent conductive layer 107 and conductively coupled thereto. Transparent conductive layer 501, along with a contact pad 503 described below or other conductive components, can provide conductive coupling between second semiconductor layer 103 and bottom contact 121.
[0051] In some embodiments, DBR layer 502 can be formed on a bottom surface of transparent conductive layer 501 to reflect light passing through transparent conductive layer 107 and transparent conductive layer 501 upward.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 5, micro LED elements 500 configured to form micro LED display panel 50 each include contact pad 503 arranged in a region that does not overlap with a vertical projection of transparent conductive layer 107. That is, contact pad 503 is positioned to avoid being directly below transparent conductive layer 107. Through this arrangement, the light passing through transparent conductive layer 107 and transparent conductive layer 501 absorbed by contact pad 503 will be minimal. In some embodiments, contact pad 503 can be conductively coupled to transparent conductive layer 501. For example, contact pad 503 can be arranged below the lower surface of transparent conductive layer 501.
[0053] In some embodiments, micro LED elements 500 may each include a metal reflective pad 504 formed between transparent conductive layer 501 and contact pad 503. Similar to contact pad 503, metal reflective pad 504 can be arranged in the region that does not overlap with the vertical projection of transparent conductive layer 107. Metal reflective pad 504 can reflect some of the light passing through transparent conductive layer 107 and transparent conductive layer 501.
[0054] In some embodiments, metal reflective pad 504 can be replaced by a DBR mirror 504. DBR mirror 504 can be conductive for providing conductivity between transparent conductive layer 501 and contact pad 503 which is embedded in DBR layer 502. For example, conductive DBR mirror 504 can be formed by stacking ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) sub-layer (s) and AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) sub-layer (s) , ITO sub-layer (s) and GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) sub-layers, ITO sub-layer (s) and IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) sub-layers, or ITO sub-layer (s) and Porous-ITO sub-layers. In some embodiments, DBR mirror 504 can be formed by stacking more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, DBR mirror 504 can be stacking ITO sub-layer (s) , AZO sub-layer (s) , and GZO sub-layer (s) . The material and stacking order of each sub-layer can be designed according to the bandwidth of light that originates from light emitting layer 102.
[0055] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 50 are the same as described above for micro LED display panel 30 with reference to FIG. 3 and will not be described in detail here.
[0056] FIG. 6 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 60, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] Compared with micro LED display panel 20 in FIG. 2, micro LED elements 600 configured to form micro LED display panel 60 each includes a transparent conductive layer 107, a transparent conductive layer 601, and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer 602 stacked from top down for replacing the conventional metal reflective structure, as describe above. As shown in FIG. 6, transparent conductive layer 107 is formed on a bottom surface of second semiconductor layer 103. As described above, transparent conductive layer 107 in FIG. 6 can also be provided as a TCO (transparent conductive oxide) layer, for example, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer, an AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) layer, a GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) , an ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide) layer, an FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) layer, or the like.
[0058] In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 601 can be formed on a bottom surface of transparent conductive layer 107 and conductively coupled thereto. Transparent conductive layer 601, along with a contact pad 603 described below or other conductive components, can provide conductive coupling between second semiconductor layer 103 and bottom contact 121.
[0059] In some embodiments, DBR layer 602 can be formed on a bottom surface of transparent conductive layer 601 to reflect light passing through transparent conductive layer 107 and transparent conductive layer 601 upward.
[0060] As shown in FIG. 6, micro LED elements 600 configured to form micro LED display panel 60 may each include contact pad 603 arranged in a region that does not overlap with a vertical projection of transparent conductive layer 107. That is, contact pad 603 is positioned to avoid being directly below transparent conductive layer 107. Through this arrangement, the light passing through transparent conductive layer 107 and transparent conductive layer 601 absorbed by contact pad 603 will be minimal. Contact pad 603 can be conductively coupled to transparent conductive layer 601. For example, contact pad 603 can be arranged below the lower surface of transparent conductive layer 601.
[0061] In some embodiments, micro LED elements 600 may each include a metal reflective pad 604 formed between transparent conductive layer 601 and contact pad 603. Similar to contact pad 603, metal reflective pad 604 can be arranged in the region that does not overlap with the vertical projection of transparent conductive layer 107. Metal reflective pad 604 can reflect some of the light passing through transparent conductive layers 107 and 601.
[0062] In some embodiments, metal reflective pad 604 can be replaced by a DBR mirror 604. DBR mirror 604 can be conductive for providing enhanced conductivity between transparent conductive layer 601 and contact pad 603 which is embedded in DBR layer 602. For example, conductive DBR mirror 604 can be formed by stacking ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) sub-layer (s) and AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) sub-layer (s) , ITO sub-layer (s) and GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) sub-layers, ITO sub-layer (s) and IGZO (Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide) sub-layers, or ITO sub-layer (s) and Porous-ITO sub-layers. In some embodiments, DBR mirror 604 can be formed by stacking more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, DBR mirror 604 can be formed by stacking ITO sub-layer (s) , AZO sub-layer (s) , and GZO sub-layer (s) . The material and stacking order of each sub-layer can be designed according to the bandwidth of light originated from light emitting layer 102.
[0063] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 60 are the same as described above for micro LED display panel 20 with reference to FIG. 2 and will not be described in detail here.
[0064] As described above, the passivation layer of a micro LED element can be formed as ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) -based layer or a layer formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) . In some embodiments, the passivation layer of a micro LED element can also be formed as a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) to reflect light at the sidewall of mesa 130. FIG. 7 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 70, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0065] As shown in FIG. 7, a micro LED element 700 includes a passivation layer 706 can be formed as a non-conductive DBR layer. Passivation layer 706 can be formed by stacking SiN sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , Ti2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , or NB2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . In some embodiments, passivation layer 706 can be formed by stacking more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, passivation layer 706 can be formed by stacking SiN sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) , and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . The material and stacking order of each sub-layer can be designed according to the bandwidth of light originated from light emitting layer 102.
[0066] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 70 are the same as described above for micro LED display panel 60 with reference to FIG. 6 and will not be described in detail here.
[0067] FIG. 8 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 80, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro LED display panel 80 includes a plurality of micro LED elements 800 and a plurality of dielectric pads 805, which are composed of dielectric materials and disposed to surround micro LED elements 800 when viewed from above. It can be understood that in FIG. 8, micro LED display panel 80 including three micro LED elements 800 and dielectric pads 805, each arranged between adjacent micro LED elements 800, are shown only for illustrative purposes. The structure shown can be extended to form a complete micro LED display panel 80.
[0068] As shown in FIG. 8, each micro LED element 800 includes a first semiconductor layer 801, a light emitting layer 802, and a second semiconductor layer 803. First semiconductor layer 801, light emitting layer 802, and second semiconductor layer 803 are stacked from top down to form a mesa 830. The sidewall of mesa 830 is inclined. In some embodiments, the sidewall of mesa 830 inclines so that mesa 830 gradually becomes narrower from bottom to top.
[0069] In some embodiments, second semiconductor layer 803 can be a P-type epitaxial layer or an N-type epitaxial layer. First semiconductor layer 801 can be an N-type epitaxial layer or a P-type epitaxial layer. A material of first semiconductor layer 801 is selected from one or more of GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, AlGaN, GaP, AlGaInP, or AlInP. Light emitting layer 802 is a quantum well layer. A material of light emitting layer 802 is selected from one or more of InGaN, AlGaN, AlInGaN, InGaP or AlGaInP. First semiconductor layer 801 and second semiconductor layer 803 have opposite conductive types. That is, if first semiconductor layer 801 is a P-type epitaxial layer, then second semiconductor layer 803 is an N-type epitaxial layer; and if first semiconductor layer 801 is an N-type epitaxial layer, then second semiconductor layer 803 is a P-type epitaxial layer. A material of second semiconductor layer 803 is selected from one or more of AlInP, AlGaInP, GaP, GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN or AlGaN.
[0070] In some embodiments, micro LED element 800 includes a transparent conductive layer 804 formed on a top surface of first semiconductor layer 801 and is conductively coupled to first semiconductor layer 801. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 804 is provided as a TCO (transparent conductive oxide) layer, for example, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer, an AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) layer, a GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) , an ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide) layer, an FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) layer, or the like. Transparent conductive layers 804 of respective micro LED element 800 can be connected to form a continuous layer.
[0071] As shown in FIG. 8, micro LED display panel 80 further includes an integrated circuit (IC) backplane 820 having a common conductive pad (not shown) and a plurality of bottom contacts 821 for providing driving signals generated by IC backplane 820. Bottom contacts 821 are embedded in IC backplane 820 such that one bottom contact 821 corresponds to one micro LED element 800. Each of the plurality of micro LED elements 800 is disposed on a top surface of IC backplane 820. In the present disclosure, the top surface of IC backplane 820 is a surface that can be provided as a substrate for arranging components. As can be appreciated, the top surface, or its corresponding bottom surface on the opposite side, is typically larger than other sides of the IC backplane. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 804 can be connected to the common conductive pad of IC backplane 820. In some embodiments, first semiconductor layer 801 of each of the plurality of micro LED elements 800 is conductively coupled to the common conductive pad, and second semiconductor layer 803 of each of the plurality of micro LED elements 800 is conductively coupled to a corresponding bottom contact 821 of the plurality of bottom contacts 821. In some embodiments, IC backplane 820 can be a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) backplane.
[0072] In some embodiments, as transparent conductive layers 804 of all of micro LED elements 800 are formed as a continuous layer, the tops of all micro LED elements 800 are electrically connected, and one of the driving signals to a target micro LED element 800 can be received via corresponding bottom contact 821 of the target micro LED element 800 and the continuous transparent conductive layer 804, for example.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 8, dielectric pads 805 each can be arranged on the continuous transparent conductive layer 804 of micro LED elements 800. Specifically, dielectric pads 805 can be disposed between adjacent micro LED elements 800. As described above, conventional metal pads (e.g., made from Al, Ag, Au) may have a reflectivity typically from 85%to 90%. Hence, light that originates from light emitting layer 802 and reflected by metal pads will be decreased in intensity. Dielectric pads 805 can be disposed, instead of conventional metal pads, for shaping a beam angle and directing the light originated from light emitting layer 802. In some embodiments, dielectric pads 805 may reflect light completely or substantially completely with minimal losses. Consequently, an improvement in light energy and power and an increase in light extraction efficiency can be expected at a viewer’s eye. For example, when micro LED display panel 80 is incorporated into a pair of AR / VR glasses, the luminance of micro LED display panel 80 is higher when coupling to a waveguide of the AR / VR glasses, as compared with conventional designs. Dielectric pads 805 can be formed in a variety of ways. For example, dielectric pads 805 can be deposited on first semiconductor layers 801 of adjacent micro LED elements 800 by sputtering or electron-beam deposition.
[0074] In some embodiments, non-conductive dielectric pads 805 can be formed as dielectric Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) . For example, non-conductive dielectric pads 805 can be formed by stacking SiN sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , Ti2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , or NB2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . In some embodiments, dielectric pads 805 can be formed by stacking more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, dielectric pads 805 can be formed by stacking SiN sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) , and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . The material and stacking order of each sub-layer can be designed according to the bandwidth of light originated from light emitting layer 802.
[0075] As shown in FIG. 8, micro LED element 800 further includes a connecting layer 806 (also referred to herein as a contact pad) that is conductively coupled to second semiconductor layer 803 and connected to bottom contact 821 (e.g., a Cu pad) of IC backplane 820. Hence, transparent conductive layer 804 and connecting layer 806 are respectively connected to two electrodes of IC backplane 820 either directly or indirectly. This enables first semiconductor layer 801 and second semiconductor layer 803 to receive signals from IC backplane 820 via transparent conductive layer 804 and connecting layer 806, respectively. As a consequence, light emitting layer 802 between first semiconductor layer 801 and second semiconductor layer 803 of each micro LED element 800 can be driven by IC backplane 820. In some embodiments, a diameter of bottom contact 821 is less than a diameter of connecting layer 806 for the convenience of arranging micro LED element 100 onto IC backplane 820. In addition, a diameter of first semiconductor layer 801 can be less than a diameter of second semiconductor layer 803 to facilitate forming each micro LED element 800.
[0076] As mesa 830 can be formed by etching at certain angles, the widths of different layers will be different due to the etching mechanism. In an etching process, the upper layers are made narrower than the lower layers. In some embodiments, the diameter of the top surface of mesa 830 can be similar to, or the same as, the diameter of the bottom surface. That is, the sidewall of mesa can be almost vertical.
[0077] With further reference to FIG. 8, a sidewall surface of mesa 830 is covered with a passivation layer 807 for providing electrical insulation between adjacent micro LED elements 800. Passivation layer 807 of each micro LED element 800 is also extended to contact passivation layer 807 of an adjacent micro LED element 800. The thickness of passivation layer 807 is in a range of 3 nm to 300 nm for a red micro LED element 800, a green micro LED element 800, or a blue micro LED element 800. In particular, the thickness of passivation layer 807 can be 3 nm to 50 nm. In some examples, passivation layer 807 is an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) -based layer or a layer formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) . A material of passivation layer 807 can be selected from one or more of Al2O3, HfN, SiO2, or SiN. Passivation layer 807 is used as a thin dielectric layer. It prevents short circuiting between first semiconductor layer 801 and second semiconductor layer 803, each provided as an N-type epitaxial layer or P-type epitaxial layer, as described above, and passivates dangling bonds on mesa sidewalls to reduce leakage current in micro LED element 800. As shown in FIG. 8, passivation layer 807 can also be deposited in a region of the top surface of mesa 830, specifically a periphery of the top surface of first semiconductor layer 801. As can be appreciated, at least some of the light emitted from light emitting layer 802 can be reflected by second semiconductor layer 803 and passivation layer 807 and emitted from a top of mesa 830.
[0078] In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 804 can be formed on the top surface of mesa 830 in the region that is not deposited with passivation layer 807. Transparent conductive layer 804 can be further formed on a surface of the passivation layer 807 in the process of deposition. Thus, transparent conductive layer 804 can be conductively coupled to first semiconductor layer 801.
[0079] In some embodiments, passivation layer 807 of micro LED element 800 can also be formed as a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) to reflect light at the sidewall of mesa 830.
[0080] In some embodiments, mesa 830 may further include a transparent conductive layer 808 for conductively connecting second semiconductor layer 803 and connecting layer 806. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 808 can be formed with the same material as transparent conductive layer 804. Second semiconductor layer 803 is formed on a top surface of transparent conductive layer 808. Light emitting layer 802 is formed on second semiconductor layer 803, and first semiconductor layer 801 is formed on light emitting layer 802.
[0081] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 80 are the same as described above for some of the micro LED display panels and will not be described in detail here.
[0082] FIG. 9 illustrates a structural diagram showing a sectional view of another exemplary micro LED display panel 90, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Micro LED display panel 90 includes a plurality of micro LED elements 900 and a plurality of dielectric pads 905. Herein, dielectric pads 905, which are composed of dielectric materials, can be disposed to surround micro LED elements 900. It can be understood that in FIG. 9, micro LED display panel 90 including three micro LED elements 900 and dielectric pads 905 each arranged between adjacent micro LED elements 900 is shown only for illustrative purposes. The structure shown can be extended to form a complete micro LED display panel 90.
[0083] As shown in FIG. 9, each micro LED element 900 includes a first semiconductor layer 901, a light emitting layer 902, and a second semiconductor layer 903. First semiconductor layer 901, light emitting layer 902, and second semiconductor layer 903 are stacked from top down. As shown in FIG. 9, each micro LED element 900 is formed into an olive shape with respective first semiconductor layer 901 and second semiconductor layer 903 decreasing in thickness at their ends and on either side of light emitting layer 902. Hence, the corresponding mid-portions of first semiconductor layer 901 and second semiconductor layer 903 are thicker than corresponding end portions.
[0084] In some embodiments, second semiconductor layer 903 can be a P-type epitaxial layer or an N-type epitaxial layer. First semiconductor layer 901 is an N-type epitaxial layer or a P-type epitaxial layer. A material of first semiconductor layer 901 is selected from one or more of GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, AlGaN, GaP, AlGaInP, or AlInP. Light emitting layer 902 is a quantum well layer. A material of light emitting layer 902 is selected from one or more of InGaN, AlGaN, AlInGaN, InGaP or AlGaInP. First semiconductor layer 901 and second semiconductor layer 903 have opposite conductive types. That is, if first semiconductor layer 901 is a P-type epitaxial layer, then second semiconductor layer 903 is an N-type epitaxial layer; and if first semiconductor layer 901 is an N-type epitaxial layer, then second semiconductor layer 903 is a P-type epitaxial layer. A material of second semiconductor layer 903 is selected from one or more of AlInP, AlGaInP, GaP, GaN, InGaN, AlInGaN or AlGaN.
[0085] As shown in FIG. 9, micro LED element 900 further includes a transparent conductive layer 904 formed on a top surface of first semiconductor layer 901 and is conductively coupled to first semiconductor layer 901. In some embodiments, as transparent conductive layers 904 of all of micro LED elements 900 are formed as a continuous layer, the tops of all micro LED elements 900 are electrically connected. Transparent conductive layer 904 can be connected to an electrode (e.g., a common conductive pad, not shown) of an IC backplane 920. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 904 is provided as a TCO (transparent conductive oxide) layer, for example, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer, an AZO (Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide) layer, a GZO (Gallium doped Zinc Oxide) , an ATO (Antimony doped Tin Oxide) layer, an FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) layer, or the like. In some embodiments, IC backplane 620 can be a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) backplane.
[0086] As described above, transparent conductive layers 904 of all of micro LED elements 900 can be formed as a continuous layer, the tops of all micro LED elements 900 are electrically connected, and a driving signal to a target micro LED element 900 can be received via a corresponding bottom contact 921 of the target micro LED element 900 and the continuous transparent conductive layer 904, for example.
[0087] As shown in FIG. 9, IC backplane 920 has the common conductive pad (not shown) and a plurality of bottom contacts 921 (e.g., a Cu pad) for providing driving signals generated by IC backplane 920. Bottom contacts 921 are embedded in IC backplane 920 such that one bottom contact 921 corresponds to one micro LED element 900. Each of the plurality of micro LED elements 900 is disposed on a top surface of IC backplane 920. In some embodiments, first semiconductor layer 901 of each of the plurality of micro LED elements 900 is conductively coupled to the common conductive pad, and second semiconductor layer 903 of each of the plurality of micro LED elements 900 is conductively coupled to a corresponding bottom contact 921 of the plurality of bottom contacts 921.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 9, each dielectric pad 905 can be embedded in continuous transparent conductive layer 904 between adjacent micro LED elements 900. Micro LED element 900 further includes a connecting pad 906 that is connected to bottom contact 921 of IC backplane 920. Hence, transparent conductive layer 904 and connecting pad 906 are connected to two electrodes of IC backplane 920. This enables first semiconductor layer 901 and second semiconductor layer 903 to receive signals from IC backplane 920. As a consequence, light emitting layer 902 between first semiconductor layer 901 and second semiconductor layer 903 can be driven by the signals from IC backplane 920.
[0089] As shown in FIG. 9, light emitting layer 902 separates micro LED element 900 into two isolated parts. As for the part above light emitting layer 902, a passivation layer 907 is formed on a sidewall surface of first semiconductor layer 901. As for the part below light emitting layer 902, a passivation layer 908 is formed on a sidewall surface of second semiconductor layer 903. The thickness of passivation layer 907 (908) is in a range of 3 nm to 30 nm for a red micro LED element 900, a green micro LED element 900, or a blue micro LED element 900. In particular, the thickness of passivation layer 907 (908) can be 3 nm to 50 nm. In some examples, passivation layer 907 (908) is an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) -based layer or a layer formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) . A material of passivation layer 106 can be selected from one or more of Al2O3, HfN, SiO2, or SiN. Passivation layer 907 (908) serves as a thin dielectric layer. As shown in FIG. 9, passivation layer 907 can also be deposited in a region of the top surface of first semiconductor layer 901. As passivation layer 907 only covers an edge of the upper portion of first semiconductor layer 901, passivation layer 907 does not block light emitted from light emitting layer 902. In some embodiments, in the process of depositing transparent conductive layer 904, it can be then formed on the top surface of first semiconductor layer 901 in the region that is not deposited with passivation layer 907. In some embodiments, dielectric pads 905 can be formed (e.g., deposited) on passivation layer 907 of adjacent micro LED elements 900.
[0090] In some embodiments, passivation layer 907 (908) of a micro LED element 900 can also be formed as a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) to reflect light at a surface of passivation layer 907 (908) .
[0091] As shown in FIG. 9, dielectric pads 905 can each be arranged on passivation layers 907 of adjacent micro LED elements 900. Specifically, dielectric pads 905 can be disposed between adjacent micro LED elements 900. As described above, conventional metal pads (e.g., made from Al, Ag, Au) may have a reflectivity typically from 85%to 90%. Hence, light that originates from light emitting layer 902 and reflected by metal pads will be decreased in intensity. Dielectric pads 905 can be disposed, instead of conventional metal pads, for shaping a beam angle and directing the light originated from light emitting layer 902. In some embodiments, dielectric pads 905 may reflect light completely or substantially completely with minimal losses. Consequently, an improvement in light energy and power and an increase in light extraction efficiency can be expected at a viewer’s eye. For example, when micro LED display panel 90 is incorporated into a pair of AR / VR glasses, the luminance of micro LED display panel 90 is higher when coupling to a waveguide of the AR / VR glasses, as compared with conventional designs. Dielectric pads 905 can be formed in a variety of ways. For example, dielectric pads 905 can be deposited on passivation layers 907 of adjacent micro LED elements 900 by sputtering or electron-beam deposition.
[0092] In some embodiments, dielectric pads 905 can be formed as dielectric Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) . For example, non-conductive dielectric pads 905 can be formed by stacking SiN sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , Ti2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) , or NB2O5 sub-layer (s) and SiO2 sub-layer (s) . In some embodiments, dielectric pads 905 can be formed by stacking more than two kinds of sub-layers listed above. For example, dielectric pads 104 can be formed by stacking SiN sub-layer (s) , TiO2 sub-layer (s) , and SiO2 sub-layer (s) .
[0093] Still referring to FIG. 9, micro LED element 900 further includes a transparent conductive layer 909 for conductively connecting second semiconductor layer 903 and connecting pad 906 through a metal reflective layer 910 further described below. For example, connecting pad 906 can be formed below transparent conductive layer 909. In some embodiments, second semiconductor layer 903 is formed on a top surface of transparent conductive layer 909. Light emitting layer 902 is formed on second semiconductor layer 903, and first semiconductor layer 901 is formed on light emitting layer 902. In some embodiments, transparent conductive layer 909 can be formed with the same material as transparent conductive layer 904.
[0094] Micro LED element 900 further includes metal reflective layer 910 formed on a bottom surface of transparent conductive layer 909, wherein connecting pad 906 is formed on a bottom surface of the metal reflective layer 910. To improve light emission efficiency, metal reflective layer 910 is provided to reflect light upwards as viewed in FIG. 9. Metal reflective layer 910 may be made of Ag, Al, Au, etc., and coated with one or more of Cr, Ni, Pt, Ti, or Au. In some embodiments, metal reflective layer 910 is further extended to and formed on a surface of passivation layer 908. Passivation layer 908 is provided between metal reflective layer 910 and second semiconductor layer 903.
[0095] As can be appreciated, in some embodiments, micro LED elements 900 used to form micro LED display panel 90 each may include transparent conductive layer 909 and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer stacked from top down for replacing the metal reflective structure (e.g., connecting pad 906 and metal reflective layer 910) . The details can be understood by referring to the description above for micro LED display panel 60 with reference to FIG. 6.
[0096] With further reference to FIG. 9, micro LED element 900 further includes an insulating layer 911 formed on IC backplane 920. Insulating layer 911 covers IC backplane 920 and provides insulation to surface components of IC backplane 920.
[0097] The other aspects of micro LED display panel 90 are the same as described above for some of the micro LED display panels and will not be described in detail here.
[0098] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary display device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10, a near eye display (NED) 1000, for example AR glasses, includes a pair of polychrome projectors 1010 and a frame 1020 for securing polychrome projectors 1010. NED 1000 may also include other components which are omitted here for the purpose of clearly illustrating the configuration of NED 1000. Each polychrome projector 1010 can be arranged at an end of a temple (not shown) of NED 1000, respectively. A power system and a processing system to drive polychrome projectors 1010 can be embedded in the temple. Images rendered by each polychrome projector 1010 can be captured by respective eyes of a viewer (not shown) , which can be used to create a virtual scene or an augmented scene for the viewer. In some embodiments, the term “render” may also be referred to as “display, ” “show” or an equivalent. Each polychrome projector 1010 may include three micro LED panels (e.g., each corresponding to any of the micro LED display panels in FIGs. 1A to 9) of different colors and a combiner (e.g., a combining prism) . The combiner can be used to combine (also referred to as “compositing” ) the images rendered by the three micro LED panels into a composite image.
[0099] FIG. 11 illustrates another exemplary display device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, a head-mounted virtual reality device 1100 includes two micro LED panels 1110 (e.g., each corresponding to any of the micro LED display panels in FIGs. 1A to 9) . Although not shown, head-mounted virtual reality device 1100 may also include a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphic processing unit (GPU) acting as a signal source, and other related circuitries. The introduction of micro LED panels that embody the micro LED elements described above in head-mounted virtual reality device 1100 can improve the lighting efficiency thereof, hence reducing energy consumption and improving imaging quality.
[0100] It should be noted that the relational terms herein such as “first” and “second” are used only to differentiate an entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not require or imply any actual relationship or sequence between these entities or operations. Moreover, the words “comprising, ” “having, ” “containing, ” and “including, ” and other similar forms are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items, or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items.
[0101] As used herein, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “or” encompasses all possible combinations, except where infeasible. For example, if it is stated that a database may include A or B, then, unless specifically stated otherwise or infeasible, the database may include A, or B, or A and B. As a second example, if it is stated that a database may include A, B, or C, then, unless specifically stated otherwise or infeasible, the database may include A, or B, or C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or A and B and C.
[0102] In the foregoing specification, embodiments have been described with reference to numerous specific details that can vary from implementation to implementation. Certain adaptations and modifications of the described embodiments can be made. Other embodiments can be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims. It is also intended that the sequence of steps shown in figures are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limited to any particular sequence of steps. As such, those skilled in the art can appreciate that these steps can be performed in a different order while implementing the same method.
[0103] In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed exemplary embodiments. However, many variations and modifications can be made to these embodiments. Accordingly, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims
1.A micro LED display panel, comprising:a plurality of micro LED elements each comprising a first semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer, and a second semiconductor layer stacked from top down; anda plurality of dielectric pads each arranged between adjacent ones of the plurality of micro LED elements and configured to direct light that originates from the light emitting layer.2.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor layers of the adjacent micro LED elements together form a continuous layer, the plurality of dielectric pads each being disposed on the continuous layer.3.The micro LED display panel according to claim 2, wherein the first semiconductor layer comprises a rough top surface where the plurality of dielectric pads are not disposed.4.The micro LED display panel according to claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of micro LED elements further comprises a third semiconductor layer disposed on the first semiconductor layer between the plurality of dielectric pads, the third semiconductor layer having a same doped type as the first semiconductor and a greater refractive index than the plurality of dielectric pads.5.The micro LED display panel according to claim 4, wherein the third semiconductor layer comprises a rough top surface.6.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro LED elements each further comprises a micro lens arranged above the first semiconductor layer to converge the light that originates from the light emitting layer.7.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor layer, the light emitting layer, and the second semiconductor layer are stacked as a mesa; and the plurality of micro LED elements each further comprises:a passivation layer formed on a sidewall surface of the mesa and including a portion extending to contact the passivation layer of an adjacent one of the plurality of micro LED elements.8.The micro LED display panel according to claim 7, wherein the passivation layer is formed as an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) -based layer, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) layer, or a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) .9.The micro LED display panel according to claim 8, wherein the DBR layer is formed as stacking at least one pair of SiN and SiO2 sub-layers, TiO2 and SiO2 sub -layers, Ti2O5 and SiO2 sub-layers, or NB2O5 and SiO2 sub-layers.10.The micro LED display panel according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of dielectric pads each is disposed on the portion of the passivation layer extending between the adjacent micro LED elements, the micro LED display panel further comprising:a transparent conductive layer formed on a top surface of the plurality of dielectric pads and conductively coupled to the first semiconductor layer.11.The micro LED display panel according to claim 10, wherein the plurality of micro LED elements each further comprises a third semiconductor layer disposed on the first semiconductor layers between the plurality of dielectric pads, the third semiconductor layer having a same doped type as the first semiconductor and a greater refractive index than the plurality of dielectric pads.12.The micro LED display panel according to claim 11, wherein the third semiconductor layer comprises a rough top surface.13.The micro LED display panel according to claim 11, wherein the transparent conductive layer is further formed on a top surface of the third semiconductor layer.14.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro LED elements each further comprises a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) layer stacked from top down, the first transparent conductive layer being formed on a bottom surface of the second semiconductor layer.15.The micro LED display panel according to claim 14, wherein the plurality of micro LED elements each further comprises a contact pad arranged in a region that is not overlapped with a vertical projection of the first transparent conductive layer, the contact pad being conductively coupled to the second transparent conductive layer.16.The micro LED display panel according to claim 15, wherein the plurality of micro LED elements each further comprises a metal reflective pad formed between the second transparent conductive layer and the contact pad, the metal reflective pad being arranged in the region that is not overlapped with a vertical projection of the first transparent conductive layer.17.The micro LED display panel according to claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of micro LED elements further comprises:a metal reflective layer formed on a bottom surface of the second transparent conductive layer; anda contact pad formed on a bottom surface of the metal reflective layer and conductively coupled to the second semiconductor layer.18.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric pads are each formed as a dielectric Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) .19.The micro LED display panel according to claim 18, wherein each of the dielectric pads is formed by stacking at least one pair of SiN and SiO2 sub-layers, TiO2 and SiO2 sub-layers, Ti2O5 and SiO2 sub-layers, or NB2O5 and SiO2 sub-layers.20.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, the dielectric pads are formed with a rectangular, trapezoidal or triangular sectional shape.21.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro LED elements are red micro LED elements, green micro LED elements, or blue micro LED elements.22.The micro LED display panel according to claim 1, further comprising:a transparent conductive layer formed on a bottom surface of the second semiconductor layer; anda Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) reflective layer formed below the transparent conductive layer,wherein the DBR reflective layer is configured to reflect light that originates from the light emitting layer and is conductively coupled between the transparent conductive layer and a driving source for the micro LED display panel.23.The micro LED display panel according to claim 22, wherein the DBR reflective layer is arranged in a region that is not overlapped with a vertical projection of the transparent conductive layer.24.The micro LED display panel according to any of claims 1 to 23, further comprising:an integrated circuit (IC) backplane comprising a common conductive pad and a plurality of bottom contacts providing driving signals generated by the IC backplane; andwherein the plurality of micro LED elements are disposed on a top surface of the IC backplane, the first semiconductor layers of the plurality of micro LED elements are conductively coupled to the common conductive pad, and the second semiconductor layers of the plurality of micro LED elements are conductively coupled to a corresponding bottom contact of the plurality of bottom contacts.25.A display device, comprising the micro LED display panel according to any of claims 1-24.