Methods, apparatuses and computer programs relating to servicing of sensing requests
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085876
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085876_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, APPARATUSES AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS RELATING TO SERVICING OF SENSING REQUESTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Various embodiments of this disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses, and computer programs, and –in particular, but not exclusively –to methods, apparatuses, and computer programs relating to the servicing of sensing requests.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server.
[0003] Such communication networks operate in according with standards such as those provided by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of standards include the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standards and 6G (6th Generation) standards promulgated by 3GPP.SUMMARY
[0004] Some embodiments of this disclosure will be described with respect to certain aspects. These aspects are not intended to indicate key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor are they intended to be used to limit the scope of thereof. Other features, aspects, and elements will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art in view of this disclosure.
[0005] According to a first aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving a sensing request from a sensing client; selecting, in response to the sensing request, at least one of: one or more first radio access nodes associated with one or more first sensing radio units; or one or more second sensing radio units; and sending a request for sensing to the selected or more first radio access nodes, or the selected or more second sensing radio units.
[0006] The method may comprise receiving sensing data from at least one of the selected one or more first radio access nodes and sending the sensing data to the sensing client.
[0007] The method may comprise receiving sensing data from at least one of the selected one or more second sensing radio units and sending the sensing data to the sensing client.
[0008] The method may comprise selecting the one or more first radio access nodes associated with the one or more first sensing radio units, or the one or more second sensing radio units, based on at least one of a type of sensing or a quality of service to be used for sensing associated with the sensing request.
[0009] The method may comprise using information about a respective sensing radio unit, said information being in at least one of a profile of the respective sensing radio unit or in subscription data for the respective sensing radio unit, said information about the respective sensing unit being for selecting the one or more first radio access nodes or the one or more second sensing radio units. The information about the respective sensing radio unit may comprises at least one of: an identity of an associated radio access node; a location of the respective sensing radio unit; a tracking area identifier of the respective sensing radio unit; a resource identity; a beam identity; sensing granularity of the respective sensing radio unit; an availability of the respective sensing radio unit; one or more capabilities of the respective sensing radio unit; one or more sensing method supported by the respective sensing radio unit; one or more sensing types supported by the respective sensing radio unit; or one or more sensing use cases supported by the respective sensing radio unit.
[0010] The method may comprise retrieving the information about the profile of the respective sensing radio unit from a network repository function.
[0011] The method may comprise requesting information from the one or more first radio access nodes, the information being about one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes, receiving, from the one or more first radio access nodes, the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes, and using the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes to select the one or more first radio access nodes.
[0012] The method may comprise requesting information from the one or more second sensing radio units about one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes, receiving, from at least one of the one or more second sensing radio units, one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes, and using the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes for the one or more second sensing radio units to select the one or more second sensing radio units.
[0013] The method may comprise selecting the one or more first radio access nodes without knowledge of the one or more first sensing radio units.
[0014] According to a second aspect, there is provided a method comprising: receiving a request for sensing data from a core network, the request for sensing data being associated with a sensing request from a sensing client; using one or more sensing radio units to obtain measurement information; and providing sensing data to the core network, based on the measurement information from the one or more sensing radio units.
[0015] The method may comprise receiving from the core network, prior to receiving the request for sensing data, a request for information about one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes of a radio access network node, and providing to the core network, prior to receiving the request for sensing data, the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes.
[0016] The request for sensing data may comprise information indicating the one or more sensing radio units.
[0017] The method may comprise: receiving, prior to receiving the request for sensing data, a request for involvement in a sensing operation from at least one of the one or more sensing radio units: and sending, after receiving the request for sending data, an acknowledgement of the request for involvement in the sensing operation to the at least one of the one or more sensing radio units.
[0018] The method may comprise at least one of configuring or activating the one or more sensing radio units to provide the measurement information.
[0019] The method may comprise requesting one or more attributes of at least one of the one or more sensing radio units from a respective sensing radio unit; and receiving the requested one or more attributes from the respective sensing radio unit.
[0020] The method may comprise selecting the one or more sensing radio units.
[0021] Any one or more of the methods may be performed by an apparatus.
[0022] The methods of the first aspect may be performed by an apparatus which is or configured to provide a network entity or function, such as a sensing related entity or function.
[0023] The methods of the second aspect may be performed by an apparatus provided in a radio access node or being a radio access node.
[0024] The apparatus may comprise one or more means for performing a respective method.
[0025] The apparatus may comprise at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform the respective method.
[0026] According to another aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.
[0027] According to an aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.
[0028] According to an aspect, there is provided a non-volatile tangible memory medium comprising program instructions stored thereon for performing at least one of the above methods.
[0029] According to an aspect, there is provided a program comprising instructions, which when executed by an apparatus cause the apparatus to perform at least one of the above methods.
[0030] In the above, many different aspects have been described. It should be appreciated that further aspects may be provided by the combination of any two or more of the aspects (or respective portion (s) thereof) described above or elsewhere herein.
[0031] Various other aspects are also described in the following detailed description and in the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0032] Some embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting and illustrative example only, with reference to the accompanying Figures in which:
[0033] Fig. 1 shows an example of a communication network to which examples disclosed herein may be applied.
[0034] Fig. 2 schematically shows an example of sensing radio unit;
[0035] Fig. 3 schematically shows an example of an apparatus;
[0036] Fig. 4. illustrates a first procedure according to some embodiments.
[0037] Fig. 5. illustrates a second procedure according to some embodiments;
[0038] Fig. 6 illustrates a third procedure according to some embodiments;
[0039] Fig. 7 shows a fourth procedure according to some embodiments;
[0040] Fig. 8 shows a fifth procedure according to some embodiments;
[0041] Fig. 9 shows a sixth procedure according to some embodiments;
[0042] Fig. 10 shows a first method according to some embodiments; and
[0043] Fig. 11 shows a second method according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] The following embodiments are provided by way of non-limiting and illustrative example. Although this disclosure may refer to “an” , “one” , or “some” embodiment (s) in several locations herein, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is made to the same embodiment (s) , or that a particular feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it intended such feature, structure, or characteristic may be applied in connection with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described) .
[0045] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” , “second” , and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one element from another.
[0046] As used herein, the phrases “at least one of A or B” , “at least one of A and B” , and “Aand / or B” means (A) , (B) , or (A and B) . Analogously, the phrase “A, B, and / or C” means (A) , (B) , (C) , (A and B) , (A and C) , (B and C) , or (A, B, and C) .
[0047] As used herein, the term “or” refers to a non-exclusive “or” unless otherwise indicated (e.g., use of “or else” or “or in the alternative” ) .
[0048] As used herein and unless stated explicitly, performing a respective feature, step, or functionality “in response to A” does not indicate that the respective feature, step, or functionality is performed immediately after “A” occurs as one or more intervening features, steps, or functionalities may be performed (at least in part) between an occurrence of the respective feature, step, or function and “A” . Analogously, performing a respective feature, step, or functionality “based on A” does not indicate that the respective feature, step, or functionality is performed solely based on “A” as the respective feature, step, or functionality may be further based on one or more other features, steps, or functionalities in addition to “A” .
[0049] Some embodiments relate to the provision of sensing services by a communication system. A sensing device can sense objects in the surroundings of the sensing device. A sensing device may detect events or changes in the surroundings of the sensing device and generate sensing data.
[0050] A sensing device may include the capability to detect, localize and track objects, to form images and / or to extract features for recognition and / or classification purposes.
[0051] A sensing device may use electromagnetic waves to detect, localize and / or track objects in the surroundings of the sensing device. The sensing data or measurements may be processed by the sensing device and / or by one or more different entities. The process may use machine learning algorithms or AI / ML models for detecting, localizing and / or tracking objects in the surroundings of the sensing device.
[0052] The integration of sensing and communication (ISAC) into communication systems, (in contrast to dedicated sensing systems) may provide relatively high-data rate communications and relatively high-resolution obstacle detection using the same hardware and spectrum resources.
[0053] This integration may help to increase sensing capabilities and / or to improve sensing accuracy as compared to separate (that is, separate from a communication system) sensing systems. This may be an improvement in scenarios or situations where there separate sensing systems may not perform well (e.g., NLOS (non-line of sight) conditions, requirement for high velocity resolution, etc) .
[0054] This integration may enhance spectrum efficiency by sharing communication and sensing spectrum band.
[0055] This integration may reduce hardware cost by combining sensing and communication equipment / hardware.
[0056] Some examples of sensing services are as follows: intrusion detection (e.g., intruder detection in a smart home, pedestrian / animal intrusion detection on a highway) ; support autonomous driving (e.g., sensing assisted automotive manoeuvring and navigation, sensing for parking space determination, etc. ) ; support unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Flight (e.g., UAV flight trajectory tracing, network assisted sensing to avoid UAV collision) ; support automated guided vehicle (AGV) / autonomous mobile robots (AMR) in factories (e.g., AGV detection and tracking in factories, AMR collision avoidance in smart factories) ; environmental / weather monitoring (e.g., rain levels, pollution, flooding, air quality, water) ; health monitoring (e.g., fall detection, contactless sleep monitoring service, health monitoring at home) ; and XR (extended reality) applications.
[0057] Some embodiments use a communication system to provide sensing services. In the following, various examples are described in the context of a communication system such as a 5G or 6G system. Other embodiments may be used in the context of other communication systems.
[0058] Some embodiments utilize a sensing management function (SeMF) . The SeMF may be a core function, that is provided in the core network. This sensing management function may be provided in some embodiments as a separate network function. In some embodiments, a sensing management function may be integrated with another core network function, such as a location management function (LMF) .
[0059] In some embodiments, the SeMF functionalities may be distributed / allocated across a plurality of different entities. For example, the SeMF functionalities could be provided by one or more core entities and / or one or more RAN (radio access network) entities. For example, the SeMF may be provided by a dedicated SeMF function and / or a SeMF function provided by a LMF on the core side.
[0060] Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a communication system and in which some embodiments may be implemented. The communication system may comprise a (radio) access network ( (R) AN) , a core network, one or more application functions (AF) and one or more data networks (DN) . A user equipment (UE) may access or connect to the one or more DNs via the communication system.
[0061] The (R) AN may comprise one or more access nodes. The access nodes may comprise base stations or radio access network (RAN) nodes, such as a gNodeB (gNB) . A base station or RAN node may comprise one or more distributed units connected to a central unit.
[0062] The core network may comprise various network functions, such as an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , an authentication server function (AUSF) , a location management function (LMF) , a user data management (UDM) , a user plane function (UPF) , a network data repository (NRF) , a network exposure function (NEF) , a service communication proxy (SCP) , an edge application server discovery function (EASDF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a network slice access control function (NSACF) , a network slice specific authentication and authorization function (NSSAAF) , and / or a network slicing selection function (NSSF) .
[0063] Fig. 1 shows an example where the SeMF is provided as a network function and is part of the core network.
[0064] Some embodiments may provide a network function (or one distributed across a plurality of network functions) for a communication system, which is configured to provide sensing services and expose the sensing services, so that the sensing services can be used by a client (generally referred to herein as a sensing service client) . The sensing service client may be a UE, an application function, a third-party application or another network function of the communications system, such as a NF of a core network of the communication system.
[0065] The SeMF may be configured to configure and / or coordinate sensing functions. The SeMF may be configured to collect sensing measurements (e.g., sensing data) . The SeMF may be configured to provide sensing data and / or sensing outputs to the sensing service client. This provision may be direct or via the NEF (e.g., if the requesting client is third party external application or AF) .
[0066] The SeMF may be configured to receive sensing service requests. The sensing service request may comprise information about one or more of the type of sensing service, the sensing area, the sensing QoS (quality of service) that is required or to be used, and / or the object that should be sensed.
[0067] Any suitable sensing method may be use. By way of example, a sensing method may be one or more of the following methods: mono-static RAN-based or sensing radio unit SRU based (e.g., one entity acts as transmitter / sounder (transmit sensing signal) and the same entity acts as a receiver / sensor (receive sensing signal) . The entity may employ a system in which the transmit and receive arrays are placed together) . The entity may be a RAN node or the SRU; bi or multi-static RAN and sensing radio unit SRU sensing: (e.g., a BS transmits a sensing signal and one or more SRU (s) receive that sensing signal to obtain a sensing data; or an SRU transmits a sensing signal and one or more BSs and / or one or more SRUs receive that sensing signal to obtain sensing data) : and / or bi or multi-static sensing radio unit SRU sensing: (e.g., an SRU transmits a sensing signal and one or more SRU (s) receive that sensing signal to obtain a sensing data) .
[0068] The sensing data (or sensing measurement information) may comprise data derived from electromagnetic signals impacted (e.g., reflected, refracted, and / or diffracted) by an object for sensing purposes. The electromagnetic signals may be radio signals provided by the access nodes.
[0069] The sensing output may be processed. The sensing output may be processed by one or more of a system (such as a 5G or 6G system) , an external server, an application server, an edge server, and / or the like.
[0070] A sensing output may comprise processed sensing data (e.g., as requested by a sensing service client) .
[0071] Some embodiments may make use of one or more sensing radio units or SRU (s) . As shown in Fig. 1, an SRU connects to a core network via a radio access node or base station.
[0072] One or more SRUs may, for example, be deployed in order to detect an intruder. This may be in a home, an office, a factory, or in any other suitable environment.
[0073] An SRU may be used as a sensing signal transmitter, or as a receiver, or both.
[0074] One or more RAN nodes and / or one or more UEs in or nearby the environment may be selected to perform sensing using SRUs.
[0075] The core network or SeMF may select a RAN node which then uses or involves one or more SRUs to collect sensing data. The collection of the sensing data may be done cooperatively by the RAN node and one or more SRUs. In this example, the one or more SRUs may be independently deployed. The one or more SRUs may have a fixed deployment with a fixed location. The one or more SRUs may be capable of communicating (e.g., directly communicating) with the RAN node.
[0076] In some embodiments, the core network or SeMF selects one or more SRUs. The SRUs are connected to the RAN, but SeMF and the one or more SRUs may communicate transparently via the RAN. The RAN node would be unaware of the content of that transparent communication. In some embodiments, an SRU may have a fixed deployment, such as a fixed location. An SRU may be implemented in or by a UE. An SRU may register and communicate with a network, in a similar manner to a UE communicating with the network. In some embodiments, SRU functionalities may be provided in a UE.
[0077] An SRU may transmit a sensing signal, and one or more UEs receive the sensing signal to obtain, calculate, and / or determine sensing data.
[0078] An SRU may transmit a sensing signal, and a RAN node receives the sensing signal to obtain, calculate, and / or determine sensing data.
[0079] One or more SRUs may be deployed alongside a road. For example, one or more SRUs may be deployed to assist vehicular communication. The one or more SRUs may deployed along the road, at junctions, at traffic signals, and / or at specific locations. A UE in a car may collect info about other vehicles and / or the environment using the SRUs. In some examples, SRUs, vehicles, and pedestrians may be involved in sensing (e.g., over a sidelink or via a 5G / 6G core network) to obtain, calculate, and / or determine sensing information.
[0080] There are of course many different applications and uses for SRUs.
[0081] An SRU may be regarded as dedicated radio units with receiver and / or transmitter capability to support mono-static or bi / multi-static sensing procedures.
[0082] An SRU may have a fixed deployment with a fixed location (e.g., co-located with RAN Nodes or base stations) . An SRU may be mobile (e.g., implemented as a UE) , for example as previously discussed.
[0083] Reference is made to Fig. 2 which schematically shows an SRU 200. The SRU 200 has a receiver 202 for receiving sensing signals, and a transmitter 204 for transmitting sensing signals. Optionally, the SRU has one or more processors 208 for processing the received signals. The SRU has a communication apparatus 206 which is for communicating with the radio access node 212. This communication apparatus may be the same as or different from the transmitter and / or receiver. The SRU may communicate with an SeMF 214 via the RAN. The communication between the SRU and the SeMF may or may not be transparent to the RAN 212.
[0084] The SRU may also be equipped with one or more additional non-3GPP sensors (e.g., a LiDaR (light detection and ranging) sensor, a Wi-Fi sensor, a camera, and / or the like) . These are not shown in Fig. 2.
[0085] An SRU can be used to extend the sensing coverage of a RAN node, for example a base station. This is because ISAC depends on signal reflection / refraction from a passive object, which has limited reachability compared to bi-directional communication with both ends sending (e.g., actively sending) signals.
[0086] In some embodiments, a RAN node, for example a base station, selects one or more SRUs. The RAN node may configure the one or more SRUs. The RAN node may collect sensing data from the one or more SRUs.
[0087] An SRU may be configured by a SeMF. Based on the attributes of a RAN node, for example a base station, the SeMF may configure an SRU before providing these instances as assistance data to a RAN Node.
[0088] After receiving a sensing request, the SeMF may retrieve information about the SRU. The information about the SRU may comprise the profile of the SRU and / or subscription data for the SRU. This information about the SRU may be stored at one or more of a network repository function (NRF or a storage device, such as a UDM / UDR. In some embodiments, some data about the SRU may be stored in one network entity and other data about the SRU may be stored in another network entity. In some embodiments, profile data may be stored in one location and subscription data may be stored in another location. The information about the respective SRU may comprise at least one of: an identity of an associated radio access node; a location of the respective sensing radio unit; a tracking area identifier of the respective sensing radio unit; a resource identity; a beam identity; sensing granularity of the respective sensing radio unit; an availability of the respective sensing radio unit; one or more capabilities of the respective sensing radio unit; one or more sensing method supported by the respective sensing radio unit; one or more sensing types supported by the respective sensing radio unit; or one or more sensing use cases supported by the respective sensing radio unit.
[0089] In some embodiments, the SRU may be preconfigured at the SeMF.
[0090] An SRU may be pre-configured and provisioned into RAN node. The SRU may be transparent to the core network, for example the SeMF.
[0091] An SRU may report (e.g., actively report) its capabilities to a RAN node. This reporting may be through radio resource control RRC messages. The SRU may triggered to reports its capabilities to the RAN node by, for example, an ISAC AF. The SRU may be used by the RAN node in an ISAC session. The SRU may also report to the SeMF. This may be via non access stratum NAS messages.
[0092] The information about the SRU, for example in the configuration and / or profile, may comprise one or more of the following: one or more capabilities of the SRU in a sensing transmitter role; one or more capabilities of the SRU in a sensing receiver role; one or more associated RAN nodes, for example identified by a respective identifier; one or more supported sensing service type; one or more supported sensing use case; one or more supported sensing methods; one or more supported sensing capabilities, for example transmit sensing signals, receive sensing signals, and / or frequencies for sensing; one or more non-3GPP sensing capabilities supported by the SRU; information and / or measurement data the SRU is capable of reporting; one or more hardware and / or processing capabilities; and / or a location of the SRU.
[0093] The SeMF, after selecting one or more sensing methods and one or more RAN nodes, establishes a sensing session. The SeMF may provide an indication to RAN node to involve one or more SRUs in the sensing operation.
[0094] The selected RAN node may determine which SRU to use. The RAN node may determine which SRU to use based on one or more of the sensing area, the target sensing QoS parameters which are required, and / or the like. The selected RAN may provide assistance to one or more selected SRUs. The selected RAN may perform ISAC interactions with SRU (s) .
[0095] Some embodiments use one or more SRUs to provide sensing data. In some embodiments, a RAN node, for example a base station, may select one or more SRUs to perform a sensing operation. Additionally or alternatively, the RAN node may configure the one or more SRUs which are to perform the sensing operation. Additionally or alternatively, the RAN node may collect sensing data from the one or more SRUs.
[0096] Reference is made to Fig. 4 which schematically shows an example procedure of some embodiments.
[0097] In some embodiments, an SRU is deployed and is associated with one or more specific base stations (e.g., gNBs) .
[0098] As referenced at 1a, the SeMF receives a sensing request. The sensing request may be received from a sensing client. The sensing client may be an application function AF, another network function, or a UE. The application function may be a third-party AF, that is provided by a party which is different from the network operator. In some embodiments, the application function may be provided or deployed within the core network. In this case, the application function may belong to the network operator.
[0099] Based on the type of the sensing request and / or required QoS for the sensing, the SeMF may determine that one or more SRUs are to be utilized in order to achieve the requested and target sensing outputs. For example, an SRU may help to collect more precise sensing data. Additionally or alternatively, an SRU may support sensing services in a specific and / or dedicated area. Additionally or alternatively, an SRU may assist to collect sensing data even out of coverage or limited coverage area of a RAN node. In some situations, an area may be not fully covered by a PLMN, or poor signalling and / or radio quality may be present in certain area (s) . In this scenario, an SRU which has coverage in the area which is not fully covered and / or where there is poor signalling, can collect sensing data.
[0100] As reference at 1b, the SeMF may retrieve information about the SRU. The SRU information may comprise identity information for one or more RAN nodes which are associated with the SRU.
[0101] The SRU information may be provided by, e.g., an SRU profile or subscription data for the SRU. In some embodiments, the SRU information may be stored in an NRF. For example, the SRU information may be stored in a UDM / UDR. In some embodiments, some SRU information may be stored in the NRF and some SRU information may be stored in the UDM / UDR
[0102] The SRU information may comprise information indicating one or more RAN nodes (e.g., base stations) , which are associated with the SRU. The SRU information may comprise information about one or more sensing method supported by the SRU. The SRU information may comprise information about one or more sensing types supported by the SRU. The SRU information may comprise information about one or more use cases supported by the SRU.
[0103] The association of an SRU with one or more RAN node indicates that the SRU can be reached from the core network via one or more of the associated RAN nodes. This association may also imply in certain deployment that the SRUs are pre-configured and deployed to assist a particular RAN node in a sensing procedure. Alternatively, an indication that the SRUs are pre-configured and deployed to assist a particular RAN node in a sensing procedure may be indicated (e.g., explicitly indicated) by the SRU information, for example in the SRU profile.
[0104] As referenced at 1c, the SeMF may select one or more SRUs which are suitable performing the sensing associated with the sensing request.
[0105] As referenced at 2, the SeMF establishes a sensing session with the one or more RAN nodes. Where the SRUs have been selected by the SeMF, the one or more RAN nodes are associated with the one or more selected SRUs. The SeMF may indicate to the one or more RAN nodes associated with the one or more selected SRUs, that one or more selected SRUs are to be involved in the sensing of the sensing session. In some embodiments, where the SeMF has selected one or more SRUs, the SeMF may provide identity information, for the one or more selected SRUs, to the one or more RAN nodes.
[0106] As referenced at 3, the RAN node selects one or more SRU (s) , if not already selected by the SeMF. The RAN node may select one or more SRUs based on one or more of the following: quality of service QoS to be used for sensing associated with the sensing request ; sensing granularity associated with the sensing request; one or more sensing methods supported by the SRU; sensing output of the SRU, e.g., by considering one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or precise location information of the SRUs; SRU availability in the requested geographical area or TAIs; capability of the SRUs; availability of the SRU, for example, based on radio conditions; receiver capabilities of the SRU; and / or transmitter capabilities of the SRU.
[0107] As referenced at 4, the RAN node configures the one or more SRUs which have been selected either by the SeMF or the RAN node. The configuration may indicate the role that the SRU has in the sensing operation. For example, the configuration may indicate one or more of the following: if the SRU is to transmit sensing signals; if the SRU is to receive sensing signals; one or more sensing resources that are to be used (e.g., in terms of frequency and / or time) ; and / or the processing of the received sensing data to be performed by the SRU where the SRU receives sensing signals.
[0108] As referenced at 5, the RAN node initiates a sensing session with the one or more selected SRUs.
[0109] The RAN node and one or more SRUs may communicate using radio resource control RRC protocol messages and / or with messages using any other suitable protocol.
[0110] As referenced at 6, the RAN node sends sensing data to the SeMF. The sensing data may, for example, be raw data or at least partially processed.
[0111] As referenced at 7, the SeMF may provide a sensing response or outcome to the sensing request. The sensing response may be provided to the sensing client from which the sensing request was received or to a different entity. The SeMF may process the sensing data prior to providing a sensing response. In some embodiments, the SeMF may, additionally or alternatively, provide data (e.g., raw data) , where that data has been received from the RAN node.
[0112] Reference is made to Fig. 5, which shows an example of a procedure in which the SeMF configures the SRU and provides these parameters to the RAN node.
[0113] As referenced at 1, the SeMF receives a sensing request from a sensing client (e.g., an ISAC AF) .
[0114] As referenced at 2, the SeMF sends a request to a base station for the sensing capabilities (e.g., ISAC capabilities) of the base station. The SeMF may request configuration information from the base station associated with the sensing capabilities. The SeMF may send this request, without inquiring (e.g., explicitly inquiring) about one or more SRUs. The base station may consider an availability of one or more SRUs for the response to the SeMF.
[0115] As referenced at 3, the base station provides the SeMF with the requested sensing capabilities and the configuration information if requested. The SeMF may be provided with information about one or more SRUs as part of the sensing capabilities.
[0116] As referenced at 4, the SeMF sends a request to the SRU associated with the base station for information about the sensing capabilities (e.g., ISAC capabilities) of the SRU. For example, the SeMF may request information about which one or more sensing methods are supported by the SRU, an associated area, and / or the like. The SeMF may request configuration information from the SRU associated with the sensing capabilities. This request may be sent transparently via the base station.
[0117] As referenced at 5, the SRU provides the SeMF with the requested sensing capabilities and the configuration information if requested. Thus, the SeMF has information about both the base station and the SRU.
[0118] As referenced at 6, the SeMF uses the information about both the base station and the SRU to select one or more SRUs and one or base stations for the sensing. The one or more base stations are associated with the one or more selected SRUs.
[0119] As referenced at 7, the SeMF sends a request to the base station. This request is to cause the set of the respective base station and one or more associated SRUs to perform sensing. The SeMF may request a sensing operation which uses the one or more selected SRUs. The request may comprise information indicating the one or more selected SRUs.
[0120] As referenced at 8, the base station and one or more selected SRUs perform a sensing session based on the request from the SeMF.
[0121] As referenced at 9, the base station sends information about the sensing session to the SeMF. This operation may be as described in relation to Fig. 4.
[0122] As referenced at 10, the SeMF sends information about the sensing session to, for example, the sensing client from which the sensing request was sent. This operation may be as described in relation to Fig. 4.
[0123] Reference is made to Fig. 6, which shows an example of a procedure where an SRU is pre-configured and provisioned into a RAN node (e.g., a base station) .
[0124] As referenced at 1, the SeMF receives a sensing request from an AF (e.g., an ISAC AF) .
[0125] As referenced at 2, the SeMF selects a RAN node (e.g., a base station) for the sensing operation associated with the sensing request.
[0126] As referenced at 3, the SeMF sends a request to a base station for the sensing operation. The SeMF does not have knowledge of one or more SRUs associated with the base station.
[0127] The base station may be involved in a mono-static session for the sensing operation, in which case the sensing operation may be handled by the base station. The base station may be involved in a bi-static or multi-static session for the sensing operation. The type of sensing session may be specified in the request sent to the base station for the sensing operation.
[0128] As referenced at 4, the base station sends a request to the SRU to activate the SRU. The base station may request one or more attributes from the SRU. The request sent to the SRU may be a RRC request or a message in accordance with any other suitable protocol. The base station may make use of its pre-configuration to activate the SRU.
[0129] As referenced at 5, the SRU sends a status report to the base station. The status report may comprise the request attributes and / or other information relating to the status of the SRU.
[0130] As referenced at 6, the base station may send a request to the SRU for the SRU to take part in the sensing operation.
[0131] For example, the SRU may assist the base station to perform bi-static sensing. This may allow, enable, and / or facilitate the BS to achieve bi-static sensing instead of mono-static sensing, which is the case where only the base station is performing the sensing.
[0132] For example, the SRU may perform mono-static sensing. This may be to enhance the reach of the BS and / or to provide verification of the BS measurements.
[0133] For example, the SRU may perform bi-static or multi-static sensing.
[0134] As referenced at 7, the SRU provides sensing measurements to the base station. The base station may process the sensing measurements from the SRU. The base station may use the sensing measurements from the SRU together with other sensing measurements to provide an output. The other sensing measurements may be performed by the base station and / or one or more other SRUs. It should be noted that processing of sensing measurements at the SRU may be performed. This may depend on the SRU capabilities and / or the configuration that SRU has received.
[0135] As referenced at 8, the base station sends a reply to the SeMF with the information relating to the sensing operation. The information relating to the sensing operation may be measurements from one or more SRUs and / or the base station. The information relating to the sensing operation may be combined and / or processed measurements from one or more SRUs and / or the base station.
[0136] As referenced at 9, the SeMF sends information about the sensing session to, for example, the AF from which the sensing request was sent. This may be as described in relation to Fig. 4.
[0137] Reference is made to Fig. 7, which shows and example where one or more SRUs may triggered by the AF. In this example, the AF may be a trusted AF or an AF within the core.
[0138] As referenced at 1, the AF sends a request to the SRU to activate the SRU. This request may be sent transparently through the network and base station to the SRU.
[0139] As referenced at 2, the SRU communicated with the base station. The SRU may report (e.g., actively report) its status. The SRU may request to perform bi-static sensing with the base station. For example, the SRU may request a RRC handshake for bi-static sensing with the base station. The SRU may be activated to send out an UL sounding reference signal or SRS so that the base station can perform measurements of the UL SRS.
[0140] As referenced at 3, the SeMF receives a sensing request from an AF (e.g., an ISAC AF) .
[0141] As reference at 4, the SeMF selects a RAN node (e.g., a base station) for the sensing operation associated with the sensing request.
[0142] As referenced at 5, the SeMF sends a request to a base station for the sensing operation. The SeMF does not have knowledge of one or more SRUs associated with the base station.
[0143] As reference at 6, the base station may send an acknowledgment to the SRU of the request received from the SRU. The base station and the SRU may be paired for bi-static sensing if the base station is also the serving base station of the SRU.
[0144] As referenced at 7, the SRU sends a status report to the base station. The status report may comprise information relating to the status of the SRU.
[0145] As referenced at 8, the base station may send a request to the SRU for the SRU to take part in the sensing operation. For example, the SRU may assist the base station to perform bi-static sensing. This may allow the BS to achieve bi-static sensing instead of mono-static sensing, which is the case where only the base station is performing the sensing. For example, the SRU may perform mono-static sensing. This may be to enhance the reach of the BS and / or to provide verification of the BS measurements. For example, the SRU may perform bi-static or multi-static sensing
[0146] As referenced at 9, the SRU provides sensing measurements to the base station. The base station may process the sensing measurements from the SRU. The base station may use the sensing measurements from the SRU together with other sensing measurements to provide an output. The other sensing measurements may be performed by the base station and / or one or more other SRUs. It should be noted that processing of sensing measurements at the SRU may be performed. This processing may be based on the SRU capabilities and / or the configuration that SRU has received.
[0147] As referenced at 10, the base station sends a reply to the SeMF with the information relating to the sensing operation. The information relating to the sensing operation may be measurements from one or more SRUs and / or the base station. The information relating to the sensing operation may be combined and / or processed measurements from one or more SRUs and / or the base station.
[0148] As referenced at 11, the SeMF sends information about the sensing session to, for example, the application function from which the sensing request was sent. This operation may be as described in relation to Fig. 4.
[0149] An SRU may perform a registration procedure indicating the capability of the SRU. The SRU may provide information on the sensing capabilities of the SRU, for example, the sensing methods supported by the SRU.
[0150] The SRU information may be stored in the UDM / UDR and / or NRF. The SRU information may be stored in the UDM / UDR by the SeMF and / or AMF. Information about one or more of the AMF serving the SRU (e.g., identity information for the AMF) , the SeMF associated with the SRU (e.g., identity information for the SeMF) , and / or the RAN node (e.g., identity information for the RAN node) may be stored as part of the SRU information in the UDM / UDR. The SeMF, after a receiving sensing request, may determine to use an SRU based on one or more of the following factors: quality of service QoS required for the requested sensing data; sensing granularity associated with the sensing request; a resource identity; a beam identity; sensing output of the SRU (e.g., by considering one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or precise location information of the SRUs) ; SRU availability in the requested geographical area or TAIs; receiver capabilities of the SRU; transmitter capabilities of the SRU; one or more sensing methods supported by the sensing radio unit; one or more sensing types supported by the sensing radio unit; one or more sensing use cases supported by the sensing radio unit, and / or capability of the SRUs.
[0151] The SeMF may check the UDM / UDR for one or more available SRUs in a certain tracking area identity (TAI) , supporting one or more specific methods. Additionally or alternatively, the SeMF may also check with the AMF for one or more associated SRUs and the capabilities of the one or more associated SRUs.
[0152] The serving RAN may determine the availability of one or more SRUs in a target geographical area. This determination may be in response to the AMF asking the RAN in the TAI list to select one or more SRUs.
[0153] The SeMF may configure one or more SRUs with a specific sensing request. This configuration may be in response to the RAN providing one or more SRUs in the target geographical area and a confidence level associated with a respective SRU, to the SeMF.
[0154] The SeMF may select one or more SRUs for a sensing request. The SeMF may configure the selected one or more SRUs. The SeMF may allow, enable, and / or facilitate information about the selected one or more SRUs to be available in the core network.
[0155] Reference is made to Fig. 8, which shows a procedure of some embodiments. This procedure provides an SRU registration procedure. In this procedure, there may be an authorization of the SRU information, for example in an SRU profile. In this procedure, there may be a storage of the SRU information or SRU profile in the core network.
[0156] As referenced at 1, the SRU is registered. For example, information identifying the SRU may be registered. The information identifying the SRU may be stored in network storage (e.g., the UDM / UDR) . Optionally, information identifying the SRU may be stored in one or more of a network access node (e.g., base station) , an AMF, an SeMF, and / or an NRF.
[0157] Optionally, additional information about the SRU may be provided during the registration of the SRU or in a later procedure. In some embodiments, this additional information may be provided in a procedure between the SeMF and the SRU. This procedure between the SeMF and the SRU may include one or more of a sensing request procedure and / or a configuration procedure.
[0158] The additional information about the SRU may comprise one or more of the following: one or more sensing methods supported by the SRU; one or more capabilities of the SRU; a location of the SRU; an indication if the SRU is mobile or static; and / or the like.
[0159] Optionally, as referenced at 2, the AMF performs an SeMF selection and selects an SeMF. The SeMF may be selected based on, for example, a service area associated with the SeMF.
[0160] Optionally, as referenced at 3, the AMF sends information to the SeMF about the SRU. The SRU information may comprise one or more of: identity information of the AMF serving the SRU, one or more of the additional information about the SRU discussed above; and / or information about the RAN and / or network access node serving the SRU.
[0161] Optionally, as referenced at 4, the SeMF stores at least some of the SRU information received from the AMF in the UDM / UDR.
[0162] As an alternative to the parts of the procedure referenced at 2 to 4, the part of the procedure referenced at 5 may be performed. As referenced at 5, the AMF updates the UDM / UDR with one or more of the following SRU related information: identity information of the AMF serving the SRU, one or more of the additional information about the SRU discussed above; and / or information about the RAN and / or network access node serving the SRU. The SRU related information may be retrieved from the serving AMF and stored in the UDM / UDR.
[0163] Either during the parts of the procedure referenced at 2 to 4, or the part of the procedure referenced at 5, a location service LCS procedure may be performed to determine the location of the SRU.
[0164] In some embodiments, the parts of the procedure referenced at 2 to 5 may be omitted. In this example, the SRU information may be stored (e.g., within the serving AMF) and retrieved from the serving AMF.
[0165] When a SeMF receives a sensing request, the SeMF may check UDM / UDR to select one or more suitable SRUs. This may be, for example, based on one or more of: location of the respective SRU; supported method of the respective SRU; and / or transmit and / or receive TX / RX functionalities of the respective SRU.
[0166] Referenced is made to the example procedure illustrated in Fig. 9.
[0167] As referenced at 1a, the SeMF may receive a sensing request.
[0168] As referenced at 1b, the SeMF may determine to use one or more SRUs. This determination to use one or more SRUs may be based on sensing request. For example, the SeMF may take into account one or more of the following when determining to use one or more SRUs: quality of service QoS required for the requested sensing data; sensing granularity associated with the sensing request: precise location information of the SRUs; SRU availability in the requested geographical area or TAIs; receiver capabilities of the SRU; transmitter capabilities of the SRU; and / or capability of the SRUs.
[0169] As referenced at 2, the SeMF checks the UDM / UDR for one or more available SRUs in a certain TAI. Alternatively, the SeMF can query the AMF for available SRUs in the TAI.
[0170] The SeMF may request that a base station (e.g., a gNB) in a TA list serving one or more SRUs acquire information relating to the SRUs and / or select one or more SRUs. This information may include, for example, radio measurements and / or radio conditions. The SeMF may use (e.g., and require) this information before the SeMF selects the SRU. As referenced at 3, the SeMF request to the base station may be sent via the AMF.
[0171] The SeMF may also request that the base station provide information about one or more capabilities of the SRU, if that information was not available in the SRU information which the SeMF previously retrieved. The SeMF may use (e.g., and require) information about one or more capabilities of the SRU, before selecting one or more SRUs.
[0172] As referenced at 4, the base station may determine for one or more SRUs in a target geographic area, for example one or more cells, the availability of the one or more SRUs. The availability of the one or more SRUs may be based on one or more of the following: radio conditions; RX capabilities; TX capabilities; and / or the like.
[0173] As referenced at 5, the base station may provide information to the SeMF about the one or more SRUs in the target geographic area. This information may comprise availability information. The availability information may provide an indication of a confidence level that the SRU would be able to assist in a sensing operation.
[0174] In some embodiments, the SeMF may obtain a location of an SRU from an LMF, if that location was not available as part of the SRU information that was retrieved. The SeMF may get the SRU location from the LMF in the case that the SRUs are mobile. The SeMF may get the SRU location from the LMF in the case the SRUs are static, but the SeMF is configured to store (e.g., needs to know) its location in a finer granularity than cell level information. As a default, the retrieved location of the SRU may be at the granularity of cell level. The LMF may be used to provide the SRU location at a finer granularity than cell level information. This location information may be requested from the LMF after the one or more SRUs have been selected. This is referenced at 6, in the procedure shown in Fig. 9.
[0175] Additionally or alternatively, the location information may be requested from the LMF before the one or more SRUs have been selected. The location information from the LMF may be used to select the one or more SRUs.
[0176] As referenced at 7, the location information provided by the LMF may be stored in the UDM / UDR.
[0177] As referenced at 8, the SeMF selects the one or more SRUs to perform the sensing for the sensing request.
[0178] The SeMF determines the configuration of the SRU and transmits it to the SRU, as referenced at 9 in the procedure of Fig. 9. The configuration may indicate the role that SRU has in the sensing operation, For example, the configuration may indicate one or more of the following: if the SRU is to transmit sensing signals; if the SRU is to receive sensing signals; one or more sensing resources that are to be used, for example in terms of frequency and / or time; and / or the processing of the received sensing data to be performed by the SRU where the SRU receives sensing signals.
[0179] After the acceptance by the SRU of the configuration that the SeMF has provided, the sensing operation can be performed by the SRU. This operation is referenced at 10.
[0180] In one alternative, SeMF may communicate with the SRUs transparently over the base station. For example, the SeMF may communicate transparently with the SRU via one or more non access stratum NAS messages.
[0181] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, one SRU or more than one SRU can be used for a single sensing operation. Where more than one SRU are used, the different SRUs may perform the same type of sensing. In other embodiments, the different SRUs may be configured to perform different types of sensing. For example, one or more SRU may perform mono-static sensing and one or more other SRU may perform bi-static or multi-static sensing.
[0182] In some embodiments, a one SRU may perform two or more different types of sensing in a single sensing operation.
[0183] In the previous examples, reference has been made to an SeMF configured to provide various functions. This reference is provided by way of non-limiting and illustrative example, and any other suitable network function (e.g., another management network function) or entity may be configured to provide one or more of the functions described in relation to the SeMF.
[0184] In the previous examples, reference has been made to a UDM / UDR configured to provide various functions. This reference is provided by way of non-limiting and illustrative example, and any other suitable network function (s) (e.g., other repository network function (s) ) or entit (ies) may be configured to provide one or more of the functions described in relation to the UDM / UDR.
[0185] Reference is made to Figs. 10 and 11, which show some methods according to some embodiments.
[0186] Each method (or respective portion (s) thereof) may be performed by an apparatus.
[0187] The apparatus may comprise suitable means, such as circuitry for performing the respective method (or respective portion (s) thereof) .
[0188] Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor cause the apparatus at least to perform the respective method (or respective portion (s) thereof) .
[0189] Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus may be such as discussed in relation to Fig. 3.
[0190] The respective methods (or respective portion (s) thereof) may be provided by program code (e.g., computer program code) or executable instructions (e.g., computer executable instructions) .
[0191] Reference is made to Fig. 10. The apparatus may be configured to provide a network function, such as a sensing related entity or function. The sensing related entity or function may comprise a SeMF. The apparatus may comprise a network function, such as a sensing related entity or function.
[0192] The method comprises as referenced at A1, receiving a sensing request from a sensing client.
[0193] The method comprises as referenced at A2, selecting, in response to the sensing request, at least one of: one or more first radio access nodes associated with one or more first sensing radio units; or one or more second sensing radio units.
[0194] The method comprises as referenced at A3, sending a request for sensing to the selected one or more first radio access nodes, or the selected one or more second sensing radio units.
[0195] Reference is made to Fig. 11. The apparatus may be provided in a radio access node or be a radio access node.
[0196] The method comprises as referenced at B1, receiving a request for sensing data from a core network, the request for sensing data being associated with a sensing request from a sensing client.
[0197] The method comprises as referenced at B2, using one or more sensing radio units to obtain measurement information.
[0198] The method comprises as referenced at B3, providing sensing data to the core network, based on the measurement information from the one or more sensing radio units.
[0199] It should be appreciated that any of the methods described in relation to Figs. 10 or 11 may be modified to include one or more of the features discussed in relation to the previous examples.
[0200] It is understood that references in the above to various network functions may comprise apparatus that perform at least some of the functionality associated with those network functions. Further, an apparatus comprising a network function may comprise a virtual network function instance of that network function.
[0201] Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
[0202] It is noted that whilst some embodiments have been described in relation to 5G networks and beyond, similar principles can be applied in relation to other networks and communication systems. Some embodiments may be used in 6G networks and beyond. Therefore, although certain embodiments were described in this disclosure by way of non-limiting and illustrative example with reference to certain example architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, embodiments may be applied to any other suitable forms of communication systems than those illustrated and described herein.
[0203] It is also noted herein that while the above describes embodiments, there are several variations and modifications which may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
[0204] Fig. 3 shows, by way of non-limiting and illustrative example, a block diagram of an apparatus 10. The apparatus 10 comprises, for example, at least one processor 12 and at least one memory 14 storing instructions 15 that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus 10 at least to perform the method or methods (or respective portion (s) thereof) as disclosed herein, and any of the embodiments (or respective portion (s) thereof) . In an example, the at least one memory and the instructions, are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus 10 to perform the method or methods (or respective portion (s) thereof) as disclosed herein, and any of the embodiments (or respective portion (s) thereof) .
[0205] A processor 12 may comprise circuitry, or be constituted as circuitry or circuitries, the circuitry or circuitries being configured to perform phases of methods in accordance with embodiments described herein.
[0206] As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in analog, digital and / or quantum circuitry, and (b) combinations of hardware circuit (s) and software, such as (as applicable) : (i) a combination of analog, digital and / or quantum hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any or all portions of hardware processor (s) (including digital and / or quantum processor (s) ) with software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile device, user equipment, computing device, or server, to perform various functions) and (c) any or all portions of hardware circuit (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) , processor (s) and / or quantum processor (s) , that require software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term herein, including in any claims. As a further example, as used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0207] The memory 14 may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology. The memory may comprise a database for storing data. The memory 14 may, for example, be at least in part external to apparatus 10 but accessible to apparatus 10.
[0208] The instructions 15 may be comprised in a computer readable medium or a non-transitory computer readable medium. A term non-transitory, as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., random-access memory, RAM, vs. read only memory, ROM) .
[0209] For example, the apparatus 10 may be configured to provide a radio access node. The apparatus may be provided in a radio access node. The apparatus may comprise a chipset. The apparatus 10 may be caused or configured to perform at least the method of Fig. 11 (or respective portion (s) thereof) , and / or any one or more of the embodiments (or respective portion (s) thereof) described herein.
[0210] For example, the apparatus 10 may be or configured to provide a network entity or function, such as a sensing related entity or function. The sensing entity or function may be a sensing management function. The apparatus may comprise a chipset. The apparatus 10 may be caused or configured to perform at least the method of Fig. 10 (or respective portion (s) thereof) , and / or any one or more of the embodiments (or respective portion (s) thereof) described herein.
[0211] The apparatus may comprise one or more entities of any of protocol layers, such as a MAC entity, an RRC entity, an RLC entity, a PDCP entity or a PHY entity.
[0212] The apparatus 10 optionally comprises a radio interface 16. The radio interface 16 may provide the apparatus 10 with communication capabilities. The radio interface 16 may comprise a receiver configured to receive information in accordance with at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. The radio interface 16 may comprise a transmitter configured to transmit information in accordance with at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. The receiver may comprise more than one receiver. The transmitter may comprise more than one transmitter. The radio interface 16 may comprise a transceiver configured to receive and transmit information in accordance with at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. The transceiver may comprise more than one transceiver.
[0213] The apparatus 10 may optionally comprise an interface 18 (e.g., user interface) comprising, for example, at least one of a keypad, a microphone, a touch display, a display, a speaker, etc. The interface 18 (e.g., user interface) may be used to control the apparatus. The interface 18 (e.g., user interface) may be external to the apparatus 10. For example, the apparatus 10 may be connected to another device, such as a computer, either via wireless or wired connection, and the apparatus 10 is controlled via the computer.
[0214] In an embodiment, at least some of the processes described herein may be carried out by an apparatus comprising means for carrying out at least some of the described processes. Means for performing method steps as disclosed herein may include software and / or hardware components of the apparatus 10. For example, the at least one processor 12, the memory 14, and the computer program code form means for carrying out the method or methods (or respective portion (s) thereof) as disclosed herein, and any of the embodiments (or respective portion (s) thereof) .
[0215] As used herein, the term “means” is to be construed in singular form, i.e. referring to a single element, or in plural form, i.e. referring to a combination of single elements. Therefore, terminology “means for [performing A, B, C] ” , is to be interpreted to cover an apparatus in which there is only one means for performing A, B and C, or where there are separate means for performing A, B and C, or partially or fully overlapping means for performing A, B, C. Further, terminology “means for performing A, means for performing B, means for performing C” is to be interpreted to cover an apparatus in which there is only one means for performing A, B and C, or where there are separate means for performing A, B and C, or partially or fully overlapping means for performing A, B, C.
[0216] Even though various embodiments of this disclosure have been described above with reference to non-limiting and illustrative examples of the Figures, it is clear that the scope of this disclosure is not restricted thereto –but can be modified in many different ways. As technology advances, it will become apparent to a person skilled in art as to how certain embodiments of this disclosure can be further implemented and / or modified in various ways. Further, it is clear to a person skilled in the art that any of the embodiments described herein may, but are not required to, be combined in various ways with any other embodiments described herein.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving a sensing request from a sensing client;means for selecting, in response to the sensing request, at least one of:one or more first radio access nodes associated with one or more first sensing radio units; orone or more second sensing radio units; andmeans for sending a request for sensing to the selected one or more first radio access nodes, or the selected one or more second sensing radio units.2.The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising:means for receiving sensing data, said sensing data being received from at least one of the selected one or more first radio access nodes; andmeans for sending the sensing data to the sensing client.3.The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising:means for receiving sensing data, said sensing data being received from at least one of the selected one or more second sensing radio units; andmeans for sending the sensing data to the sensing client.4.The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the means for selecting is for selecting the one or more first radio access nodes associated with one or more first sensing radio units, or the one or more second sensing radio units, based on at least one of a type of sensing or a quality of service to be used for sensing associated with the sensing request.5.The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the means for selecting is for using information about a respective sensing radio unit, said information being in at least one of a profile of the respective sensing radio unit or in subscription data for the respective sensing radio unit, said information about the respective sensing unit being for selecting the one or more first radio access nodes or the one or more second sensing radio units.6.The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the information about the respective sensing radio unit comprises at least one of:an identity of an associated radio access node;a location of the respective sensing radio unit;a tracking area identifier of the respective sensing radio unit;a resource identity;a beam identity;sensing granularity of the respective sensing radio unit;an availability of the respective sensing radio unit;one or more capabilities of the respective sensing radio unit;one or more sensing methods supported by the respective sensing radio unit;one or more sensing types supported by the respective sensing radio unit; orone or more sensing use cases supported by the respective sensing radio unit.7.The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 or 6, comprising means for retrieving the information about the profile of the respective sensing radio unit from a network repository function.8.The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising:means for requesting information from the one or more first radio access nodes, the information being about one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes; andmeans for receiving, from the one or more first radio access nodes, the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes,wherein the means for selecting is for using the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes to select the one or more first radio access nodes.9.The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising:means for requesting information from the one or more second sensing radio units about one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes; andmeans for receiving, from at least one of the one or more second sensing radio units, one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes,wherein the means for selecting is for using the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes for the one or more second sensing radio units to select the one or more second sensing radio units.10.The apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the means for selecting is for selecting the one or more first radio access nodes without knowledge of the one or more first sensing radio units.11.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving a request for sensing data from a core network, the request for sensing data being associated with a sensing request from a sensing client;means for using one or more sensing radio units to obtain measurement information; andmeans for providing sensing data to the core network, based on the measurement information from the one or more sensing radio units.12.The apparatus as claimed in claim 11, comprising:means for receiving from the core network, prior to receiving the request for sensing data, a request for information about one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes of a radio access network node; andmeans for providing to the core network, prior to receiving the request for sensing data, the one or more integrated sensing and communication attributes.13.The apparatus claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the said request for sensing data comprises information indicating the one or more sensing radio units.14.The apparatus claimed in claim 11 or 12, comprising:means for receiving, prior to receiving the request for sensing data, a request for involvement in a sensing operation from at least one of the one or more sensing radio units: andmeans for sending, after receiving the request for sending data, an acknowledgement of the request for involvement in the sensing operation to the at least one of the one or more sensing radio units.15.The apparatus as claimed in any of claims 11 to 14, comprising means for at least one of configuring or activating the one or more sensing radio units to provide the measurement information.16.The apparatus as claimed in any of claims 11 to 15, comprising:means for requesting one or more attributes of at least one of the one or more sensing radio units from a respective sensing radio unit; andmeans for receiving the one or more attributes from the respective sensing radio unit.17.The apparatus as claimed in any of claims 11 to 16, comprising means for selecting the one or more sensing radio units.18.A method comprising:receiving a sensing request from a sensing client;selecting, in response to the sensing request, at least one of:one or more first radio access nodes associated with one or more first sensing radio units; orone or more second sensing radio units; andsending a request for sensing to the selected one or more first radio access nodes, or the selected one or more second sensing radio units.19.A method comprising:receiving a request for sensing data from a core network, the request for sensing data being associated with a sensing request from a sensing client;using one or more sensing radio units to obtain measurement information; andproviding sensing data to the core network, based on the measurement information from the one or more sensing radio units.20.A program comprising computer executable instructions which when run cause the method of claim 18 or 19 to be performed.