Cross-linking agent, ligand, quantum dot composition, and light-emitting device

Abstract

Disclosed is a cross-linking agent. The cross-linking agent comprises: at least two groups represented by the following general formula (I); wherein Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl comprising at least one of an ether group, a keto group, an amino group, a thioether group, a sulfonyl group, an ester group, and an amido group; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

Description

Crosslinking agents, ligands, quantum dot compositions and light-emitting devices Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a crosslinking agent, ligand, quantum dot composition and light-emitting device. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum dots (QDs), as novel light-emitting materials, possess advantages such as high light purity, high quantum efficiency, tunable color emission, and long lifespan, making them a research hotspot for novel LED (Light Emitting Diode) materials. Therefore, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) using quantum dot materials as the light-emitting layer have become a major research direction for novel display devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] On the one hand, a crosslinking agent is provided, which comprises at least two groups represented by the following general formula I.

[0004] Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0005] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula II or III.

[0006] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and the chain length of L1 is in the range of 2 to 20; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0007] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formulas XII-1 and XII-2;

[0008] Wherein, each M may be the same or different, M is selected from at least one repeating unit after polymerization of styrene, acrylate, alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride, A is a group as shown in general formula I; n7 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2, n8+n9 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2; the value of n8 / (n8+n9) ranges from 1% to 1.

[0009] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula IV.

[0010] Each R2 may be the same or different; n2 is selected from positive integers from 1 to 20.

[0011] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula V.

[0012] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VI.

[0013] Each R3 may be the same or different; R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; n3 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0014] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VII.

[0015] Among them, each R3 is the same or different, each n4 is the same or different, and n4≥0.

[0016] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0017] On the other hand, a ligand is provided, comprising: a coordinating group for coordinating with the quantum dot bulk, the coordinating group being selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphino, phosphoxy, phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite.

[0018] Groups as shown in general formula I.

[0019] Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0020] The linking group connects the coordinating group and a group as shown in general formula I, the linking group being selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups.

[0021] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VIII.

[0022] Among them, R3 is selected from H, Any one of the following; R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; R6 is the coordinating group; n5 ≥ 0.

[0023] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0024] In another aspect, a quantum dot composition is provided, comprising: a quantum dot body, a ligand, and a crosslinking agent, wherein the ligand is coordinated and connected to the quantum dot body.

[0025] One of the ligand and the crosslinking agent includes a group represented by general formula I; when the crosslinking agent includes a group represented by general formula I, the number of groups represented by general formula I is at least two.

[0026] Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0027] The other of the ligand and the crosslinking agent includes at least one of the substituted or unsubstituted groups as shown in general formula IX; in the case that the crosslinking agent includes the substituted or unsubstituted groups as shown in general formula IX, the number of the substituted or unsubstituted groups as shown in general formula IX is at least two.

[0028] EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3.

[0029] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from the crosslinking agents described in any of the above embodiments, and the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula X.

[0030] Wherein, R7 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester; L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, and n6≥0.

[0031] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0032] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from ligands comprising a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene group as described in any of the above embodiments, and the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0033] In another aspect, a quantum dot composition is provided, comprising: a quantum dot body and a ligand, the ligand being coordinated with the quantum dot body. The ligand comprises: a first ligand and a second ligand; the first ligand is selected from ligands comprising a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene group as described in any of the above embodiments. The second ligand is selected from at least one structure represented by the following general formula X.

[0034] Wherein, R7 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester; L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, and n6≥0.

[0035] In some embodiments, the second ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0036] In another aspect, a hole transport composition is provided, comprising: a hole transport material and a crosslinking agent; the crosslinking agent is selected from crosslinking agents comprising nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene groups as described in any of the above embodiments, and the hole transport material comprises double bonds.

[0037] In some embodiments, the hole transport material includes at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0038] Where n8 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0039] In another aspect, a light-emitting device is provided, comprising: a hole transport layer and a quantum dot light-emitting layer stacked thereon; wherein at least one of the quantum dot light-emitting layer and the hole transport layer comprises a substituted or unsubstituted group represented by the following general formula XI.

[0040] Wherein, EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0041] In some embodiments, the material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formulas XI-1, XI-2, XI-3, XI-4 and XI-5.

[0042] in, The quantum dot matrix is ​​represented by R1, which is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 20; Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl groups; and n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0043] R'6 and R'7 are independently selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, L2 is selected from any one of the following: L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R'8 is selected from the group after removing one double bond from R8, and R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride and maleimide, with n6 ≥ 0.

[0044] R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; n5 ≥ 0.

[0045] In some embodiments, the material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer includes at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0046] In some embodiments, the material of the hole transport layer comprises at least two substituted or unsubstituted groups represented by the following general formula XI.

[0047] Wherein, EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0048] In some embodiments, the mass material of the hole transport layer includes at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0049] Where n8 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings. In addition, the drawings described below can be regarded as schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual size of the product, the actual process of the method, etc. involved in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0051] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a light-emitting device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 2 is a reaction diagram of quantum dot body, ligand and crosslinking agent forming crosslinked material according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 3 is another reaction diagram of quantum dot body, ligand and crosslinking agent forming crosslinked material according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 4 is another reaction diagram of quantum dot body, ligand and crosslinking agent forming crosslinked material according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 5 is another reaction diagram of quantum dot body, ligand and crosslinking agent forming crosslinked material according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 6 is a reaction diagram of quantum dot bulk and ligand forming a cross-linked material according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0057] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a display device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions in some embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this disclosure are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0059] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprise" and its other forms, such as the third-person singular "comprises" and the present participle "comprising," are interpreted as open-ended and encompassing, meaning "including, but not limited to." In the description of the specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic associated with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics mentioned may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0060] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0061] "At least one of A, B and C" has the same meaning as "at least one of A, B or C", both including the following combinations of A, B and C: only A, only B, only C, combinations of A and B, combinations of A and C, combinations of B and C, and combinations of A, B and C.

[0062] "A and / or B" includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and a combination of A and B.

[0063] It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can mean that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or that there is an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0064] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and the area of ​​regions are enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Thus, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as being limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. For example, etched areas shown as rectangular would typically have curved features. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the areas of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0065] With the in-depth development of quantum dot (QD) fabrication technology, the stability and luminous efficiency of quantum dots are constantly improving. As research on quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) continues to deepen, the application prospects of QLEDs in the display field are becoming increasingly promising.

[0066] However, QLEDs have not yet reached mass production levels, one important reason being the lack of breakthroughs in high-resolution patterning technology. The inorganic nanoparticle characteristics of quantum dots prevent them from being deposited and patterned via vapor deposition, and achieving high resolution using inkjet printing is difficult. Photolithography, on the other hand, is a promising method for fabricating high-resolution quantum dot LEDs. Photolithography refers to the technique of patterning quantum dots using exposure and development.

[0067] Based on this, as shown in Figures 1 and 7, embodiments of this disclosure provide a quantum dot composition, which is used to form a quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 by patterning, in order to obtain a display device 1000 with higher resolution.

[0068] The following exemplary description includes the structure of a light-emitting device 10 comprising a quantum dot light-emitting layer 13.

[0069] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the light-emitting device 10 includes: an anode 11, a quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 and a cathode 12 stacked together, and a hole transport layer 14 is further disposed between the anode 11 and the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13.

[0070] The light-emitting principle of the light-emitting device 10 is as follows: through the circuit connected by the anode 11 and the cathode 12, holes are injected into the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 by the anode 11 and electrons are injected into the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 by the cathode 12. The injected electrons and holes form excitons (i.e. electron-hole pairs) in the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13. The excitons return to the ground state through radiative transition and emit photons.

[0071] For example, in order to ensure that the light-emitting device 10 can emit light effectively, the anode 11 can be made of a material with a high work function. In this way, the holes generated by the anode 11 can be effectively migrated to the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 under the drive of the electric field, and then recombine with the electrons generated by the cathode 12 to emit light.

[0072] In some examples, the anode 11 can be a transparent electrode. In this case, the material of the anode 11 can be indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin dioxide conductive glass (FTO), etc. Alternatively, the material of the anode 11 can also be a conductive polymer, such as polyaniline, polycarbazole, polythiophene, or polypropylene. In still other examples, the anode 11 can be an opaque electrode. In this case, the material of the anode 11 can be a metallic material, such as aluminum or silver.

[0073] For example, the cathode 12 can be made of a material with a low work function, which makes it easier for electrons from the cathode 12 to be injected into the adjacent film layer (e.g., electron transport layer 16). In this way, the electrons generated by the cathode 12 can be effectively migrated to the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 under the drive of the electric field, thereby recombine with the holes generated by the anode 11 to emit light.

[0074] In some examples, the cathode 12 can be made of a metallic material, a metal oxide, or a metal alloy. Examples of metallic materials include aluminum, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, ytterbium, indium, lithium, potassium, sodium, tin, titanium, lead, samarium, or yttrium. Examples of metal oxides include indium tin oxide or indium zinc oxide. Examples of metal alloys include magnesium-silver alloys, ytterbium-gold alloys, ytterbium-silver alloys, lithium-aluminum alloys, or lithium-calcium-magnesium alloys. Alternatively, the cathode 12 can be made of a multilayer material, such as magnesium / aluminum, magnesium / silver, aluminum / silver, aluminum / gold, ytterbium / gold, ytterbium / silver, calcium / magnesium, calcium / silver, or barium / silver.

[0075] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, to improve luminous efficiency, the light-emitting device 10 further includes a hole injection layer 15, which is located on the side of the hole transport layer 14 away from the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13. The light-emitting device 10 also includes an electron blocking layer (not shown in the figure), which is located on the side of the hole transport layer 14 closer to the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13.

[0076] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, to improve luminous efficiency, the light-emitting device 10 further includes an electron transport layer 16 located on the side of the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 near the cathode 12. The light-emitting device 10 also includes at least one of an electron injection layer (not shown) and a hole blocking layer (not shown). The electron injection layer is located on the side of the electron transport layer 16 away from the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13, and the hole blocking layer is located on the side of the electron transport layer 16 near the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13.

[0077] By setting the hole injection layer 15, the hole transport layer 14, and the electron blocking layer, it is equivalent to setting a transition step between the anode 11 and the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13. By setting the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer 16, and the hole blocking layer, it is equivalent to setting a transition step between the cathode 12 and the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13. This reduces the potential barrier height that carrier transitions need to overcome, resulting in higher luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 10.

[0078] The following is an example of a quantum dot composition.

[0079] In some examples, the quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot body, a ligand, and a crosslinking agent, wherein the ligand is coordinated to the quantum dot body via a coordinating group.

[0080] For example, the quantum dot body may include group II-VI semiconductor compounds, group III-V semiconductor compounds, group IV-VI semiconductor compounds, group IV semiconductors, group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds, group I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds, group II-III-V semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. For instance, the group II-VI semiconductor compound may be selected from: binary semiconductor compounds such as CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, or mixtures thereof; ternary semiconductor compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, C dZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS, or mixtures thereof; and quaternary semiconductor compounds such as HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe, or mixtures thereof, but not limited thereto. For example, the III-V semiconductor compound may be selected from: binary semiconductor compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, or mixtures thereof; ternary semiconductor compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, or mixtures thereof; and quaternary semiconductor compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, or mixtures thereof, but not limited thereto. For example, the IV-VI group semiconductor compound may be selected from: binary semiconductor compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, or mixtures thereof; ternary semiconductor compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, or mixtures thereof; and quaternary semiconductor compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, or mixtures thereof, but is not limited thereto.The group IV semiconductors may be selected, for example, from: elemental (monological) semiconductors such as Si, Ge, or mixtures thereof; and binary semiconductor compounds such as SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto. The group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may be, for example, CuInSe2, CuInS2, CuInGaSe, CuInGaS, or mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto. The group I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds may be, for example, CuZnSnSe, CuZnSnS, or mixtures thereof, but are not limited thereto. The group II-III-V semiconductor compounds may include, for example, InZnP, but are not limited thereto.

[0081] For example, the ligand includes a coordinating group, which is coordinated to the quantum dot body. For example, the coordinating group is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite.

[0082] In some embodiments, one of the ligand and the crosslinking agent includes a group represented by general formula I; where the crosslinking agent includes a group represented by general formula I, the number of groups represented by general formula I is at least two.

[0083] Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl. Ar is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene group, and the presence of Ar can improve the stability of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene group. The Ar-linked nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene group is a functional group used to achieve crosslinking of the quantum dot composition; for ease of description, this group is referred to as a crosslinking functional group.

[0084] Each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0085] In other words, at least one R2 is not H, and such non-H R2s are used to achieve the connection of the group shown in Formula I with other groups.

[0086] For example, when R2 connected to Ar is H, the group represented by general formula I is as follows:

[0087] Among them, using This indicates that the bond is used to connect with other groups; here, R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups. R2 is used to further connect other groups. For example, when the crosslinking agent includes this group, R2 is used to further connect other groups to achieve that the crosslinking agent includes two crosslinking functional groups.

[0088] For example, when with When the connected R2 is H, the group represented by general formula I is as follows:

[0089] For example, when neither of the two R2s is H, the group represented by general formula I is as follows:

[0090] One of the R2 groups is used to further connect other groups.

[0091] The other of the ligand and the crosslinking agent includes at least one of the substituted or unsubstituted groups as shown in general formula IX; where the crosslinking agent includes substituted or unsubstituted groups as shown in general formula IX, the number of substituted or unsubstituted groups as shown in general formula IX is at least two.

[0092] EWG is selected from acrylates, methacrylates, nitro groups, and -CF3 groups. EWG is an electron-withdrawing group, and electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the double bond. The reactivity of the reaction.

[0093] Under hv illumination, the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene group can undergo ring-opening and [3+2] cyclization with the double bond, thereby crosslinking the quantum dot bulk in the illuminated region to form a crosslinked material. The general formula for the [3+2] cyclization reaction between the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic propylene with Ar group and the double bond with EWG is shown below.

[0094] The reaction has a high reaction rate and high degree of reaction, with 100% atom utilization and no small molecule impurities or gases produced.

[0095] The structure of the crosslinking agent, which includes the crosslinking functional group, in the quantum dot composition is described below.

[0096] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formulas XII-1 and XII-2.

[0097] Wherein, each M may be the same or different, M is selected from at least one repeating unit after polymerization of styrene, acrylate, alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride, A is a group as shown in general formula I; n7 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2, n8+n9 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2; the value of n8 / (n8+n9) ranges from 1% to 1.

[0098] For example, n7 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 15. For example, n7 is selected from 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15, etc., without limitation.

[0099] For example, n8+n9 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 15; the value range of n8 / (n8+n9) is 1% to 1. For example, the value range of n8 / (n8+n9) is 1 / 4 to 3 / 4. n8+n9 is selected from 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15, etc., without limitation.

[0100] For example, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0101] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0102] 1.2 g (10 mmol) of p-hydroxystyrene (CAS: 2628-17-3), 5.52 g (40 mmol) of potassium carbonate, and 10.8 mg (0.1 mmol) of p-benzoquinone (CAS: 106-51-4) were placed in 40 mL of tetrahydrofuran and heated under reflux for 1 hour.

[0103] 3.7 g (20 mmol) of 3-(4-chloromethyl)-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS:2101776-22-9) was dissolved in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran, then added to an ethylene glycol / potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran system, followed by the addition of 166 mg (1 mmol) of potassium iodide, and stirred overnight at room temperature.

[0104] After the tetrahydrofuran in the reaction system was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, dichloromethane was added, and the mixture was washed three times with saturated brine. After drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the mixture was concentrated to remove dichloromethane and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 1 in the above formula. The yield of product 1 was 1.56 g, and the yield of product 1 was 67%. 1H NMR (600MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 6.72 (dd, 1H), 5.76 (d, 1H), 5.25 (d, 1H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 2.15 (s, 2H).

[0105] Product 1 (0.93 g, 4 mmol) from the above formula was dissolved in 20 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran along with 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonylthio)pentanoic acid (CAS No.: 201611-92-9, 0.112 g, 0.4 mmol) and azobisisobutyronitrile (0.022 g, 0.12 mmol). After three cycles of freezing-vacuuming-thawing to remove water and oxygen, the mixture was heated to 100 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, methanol was used to precipitate the product. The precipitate was filtered and dissolved in a small amount of tetrahydrofuran. After three cycles of dissolution-precipitation, the precipitate was dried under vacuum to obtain product 2 from the above formula. The yield of product 2 was 0.62 g, and the yield of product 2 was 67%. 1 ¹H NMR (600MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.80-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.30-7.10 (m, 4H), 4.09 (b, 2H), 2.55 (b, 1H), 2.15 (b, 2H), 1.50 (b, 2H). GPC: Mn = 2400, PDI = 1.22. Wherein, GPC is gel permeation chromatography data, used to measure the molecular weight of polymer materials; Mn represents the number average molecular weight, and PDI represents the polymer distribution index.

[0106] For example, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0107] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0108] 3.22 g (20 mmol) of 2-carboxylic acid-3-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS: 2223101-36-6) was added to 20 mL of thionyl chloride, and 1 drop of dimethylformamide was added as a catalyst. The mixture was refluxed for 12 hours. Excess thionyl chloride was then removed by vacuum distillation to obtain product 3 in the above formula. Product 3 was not purified and was used directly in the next reaction step.

[0109] Product 3 was added to 20 mL of dry dichloromethane, followed by 2.4 g (20 mmol) of p-hydroxystyrene, 10.8 mg (0.1 mmol) of p-benzoquinone, and 3 mL of triethylamine. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours under anhydrous conditions. After washing three times with saturated brine, the product was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to remove dichloromethane, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 4 as shown in the above formula. The yield of product 4 was 2.89 g, representing a yield of 55%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.94 (d, 2H), 7.62–7.53 (m, 5H), 6.72 (dd, 1H), 5.76 (d, 1H), 5.25 (d, 1H), 4.02 (s, 2H).

[0110] Product 4 (2.63 g, 10 mmol) from the above formula was dissolved in 50 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran along with 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonylthio)pentanoic acid (CAS No.: 201611-92-9, 0.28 g, 1 mmol) and azobisisobutyronitrile (0.055 g, 0.3 mmol). After three cycles of freezing-vacuuming-thawing to remove water and oxygen, the mixture was heated to 100 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, methanol was used for precipitation. The precipitate was filtered and dissolved in a small amount of tetrahydrofuran. After three cycles of dissolution-precipitation, the precipitate was dried under vacuum to obtain product 5 from the above formula. The yield of product 5 was 1.89 g, and the yield of product 2 was 72%. 1 H NMR (600MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.93 (b, 2H), 7.65-7.50 (m, 7H), 4.00 (b, 2H), 2.55 (b, 1H), 2.15 (b, 2H), 1.50 (b, 2H). GPC: Mn=2640, PDI=1.29.

[0111] For example, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0112] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0113] Product 1 (0.93 g, 4 mmol), styrene (0.62 g, 6 mmol), 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonylthio)pentanoic acid (CAS No.: 201611-92-9, 0.28 g, 1 mmol), and azobisisobutyronitrile (0.055 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in 50 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran. After three cycles of freezing-vacuuming-thawing to remove water and oxygen, the mixture was heated to 100 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, methanol was used to precipitate the product. The precipitate was filtered and dissolved in a small amount of tetrahydrofuran. After three cycles of dissolution-precipitation, the precipitate was dried under vacuum to obtain product 6 in the above formula. The yield of product 6 was 1.01 g, and the yield of product 6 was 65%. 1 H NMR (600MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.80-7.10 (m, 15.5H), 4.09 (b, 2H), 2.55 (b, 1H), 2.15 (b, 2H), 1.50 (b, 2H). GPC: Mn=1500, PDI=1.32.

[0114] For example, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0115] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0116] Product 4 (1.58 g, 4 mmol), styrene (0.62 g, 6 mmol), 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonylthio)pentanoic acid (CAS No.: 201611-92-9, 0.28 g, 1 mmol), and azobisisobutyronitrile (0.055 g, 0.3 mmol) were dissolved in 50 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran. After three cycles of freezing-vacuuming-thawing to remove water and oxygen, the mixture was heated to 100 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, methanol was used for precipitation. The precipitate was filtered and dissolved in a small amount of tetrahydrofuran. After three cycles of dissolution-precipitation, the precipitate was dried under vacuum to obtain product 7 in the above formula. The yield of product 7 was 1.39 g, and the yield of product 7 was 63%. 1 H NMR (600MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.95-7.10 (m, 16H), 4.00 (b, 2H), 2.55 (b, 1H), 2.15 (b, 2H), 1.50 (b, 2H). GPC: Mn=1600, PDI=1.35.

[0117] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula II.

[0118] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, and the chain length of L1 ranges from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n1 is selected from a positive integer from 2 to 20, for example, n1 is selected from a positive integer from 2 to 8.

[0119] For example, the chain length of L1 is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; n1 is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18 or 20.

[0120] For example, the chain length of R2 ranges from 1 to 8, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

[0121] The setting of the chain length range of L1 from 2 to 20 and the chain length range of R2 from 1 to 8 can effectively prevent the problem of hindering carrier transport and injection caused by the chain length, and can ensure that the conductivity of the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 is not affected when the quantum dot composition is formed.

[0122] R1 serves as the center of the crosslinking agent to achieve the connection of multiple groups as shown in Formula I. Triphenylamine and triphenylamine have the functions of hole transport and electron blocking; in other examples, if electron injection of the light-emitting device 10 is difficult, R1 with an electron transport group can be selected; if hole leakage occurs in the light-emitting device 10, R1 with a hole blocking group can be selected.

[0123] L1, selected from alkyl groups, can improve the solubility of the crosslinking agent in non-polar solvents, such as toluene or chlorobenzene.

[0124] L1 is selected from at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group including ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, which can improve the solubility of the crosslinking agent in highly polar solvents, such as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA).

[0125] When R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl groups, different exposure wavelengths can be achieved during crosslinking by adjusting the different R2 groups. When R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, the solubility of the crosslinking agent can be adjusted. For example, the substituent can be -F, and the electron-withdrawing properties of the group can be adjusted by using fluorination.

[0126] In other embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula III.

[0127] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, and the chain length of L1 ranges from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0128] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula IV.

[0129] In this context, each R2 may be the same or different, and R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n2 is selected from positive integers from 1 to 20. An excessively high value for n2 will affect the conductivity of the film during film formation, hindering carrier transport and injection.

[0130] When n2 is 1, the two crosslinking functional groups are linked by an alkyl group including an ester group. When n2 is greater than 1, the two crosslinking functional groups are linked by an alkyl group including an ester group and an ether group. This can improve the solubility of the crosslinking agent in highly polar solvents.

[0131] For example, when R2 is selected from H and n2 is 1, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows, and this crosslinking agent is called crosslinking agent 1.

[0132] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0133] Among them, DMAP is 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and EDC is dichloroethane.

[0134] 3.22 g (20 mmol) of 2-carboxylated-3-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS: 2223101-36-6), 0.62 g (10 mmol) of ethylene glycol, 122 mg (1 mmol) of DMAP, and 341 mg (2.2 mmol) of EDC were mixed and dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane, and reacted at room temperature for 12 hours. After concentration to remove dichloromethane, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 1, with a yield of 1.36 g and a yield of 39%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.95 (d, 4H), 7.55–7.53 (m, 6H), 4.38 (s, 4H), 4.02 (s, 2H). NMR represents the nuclear magnetic resonance data of this crosslinking agent.

[0135] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula V.

[0136] Where n2 is selected from positive integers from 1 to 20. If the value of n2 is too large, it will affect the conductivity of the film layer during the material formation process, and hinder carrier transport and injection.

[0137] The two crosslinking functional groups are linked by an alkyl group including an ether group, which can improve the solubility of the crosslinking agent in highly polar solvents.

[0138] For example, when n2 is 1, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows, and this crosslinking agent is called crosslinking agent 2.

[0139] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0140] THF stands for tetrahydrofuran.

[0141] Place 0.62 g (10 mmol) of ethylene glycol and 5.52 g (40 mmol) of potassium carbonate in 40 mL of tetrahydrofuran and heat under reflux for 1 hour.

[0142] 3.7 g (20 mmol) of 3-(4-chloromethyl)-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS: 2101776-22-9) was dissolved in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran, then added to an ethylene glycol / potassium carbonate / tetrahydrofuran system, followed by the addition of 166 mg of 1 mmol potassium iodide, and stirred overnight at room temperature.

[0143] After the tetrahydrofuran in the reaction system was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, dichloromethane was added, and the mixture was washed three times with saturated brine. The mixture was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to remove the dichloromethane, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 2. The yield of product 2 was 1.5 g, representing a yield of 47%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.78 (d, 4H), 7.40 (d, 4H), 4.80 (s, 4H), 3.52 (t, 4H), 2.15 (s, 4H).

[0144] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VI.

[0145] Each R3 may be the same or different; R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; n3 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20, for example, n3 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 8.

[0146] R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups.

[0147] For example, n3 is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18 or 20. A value greater than 20 for n3 will affect the conductivity of the film layer during material formation, hindering carrier transport and injection.

[0148] For example, when R3 is selected from H and n3 is 6, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows, and the crosslinking agent is called crosslinking agent 4.

[0149] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0150] DMF stands for dimethylformamide, Et3N stands for triethylamine, and DCM stands for dichloromethane.

[0151] 3.22 g (20 mmol) of 2-carboxylic acid-3-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS: 2223101-36-6) was added to 20 mL of thionyl chloride, and 1 drop of dimethylformamide was added as a catalyst. The mixture was refluxed for 12 hours. Excess thionyl chloride was then removed by vacuum distillation to obtain product 3. Product 3 was not purified and was used directly in the next reaction step.

[0152] Product 3 was added to 20 mL of dry dichloromethane, followed by 1.18 g (10 mmol) of 1,6-hexanediol and 3 mL of triethylamine. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours under anhydrous conditions. After washing three times with saturated brine and drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the product was concentrated to remove dichloromethane and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 4. The yield of product 4 was 2 g, representing a yield of 50%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.94 (d, 4H), 7.53–7.56 (m, 6H), 4.06–4.00 (m, 6H), 1.60–1.43 (m, 8H).

[0153] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VII.

[0154] Each R3 may be the same or different, and R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; each n4 may be the same or different, and n4 ≥ 0, for example, n4 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0155] R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups.

[0156] For example, when R3 is selected When n4 is 0, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is as follows, and this crosslinking agent is called crosslinking agent 5.

[0157] The preparation method of this crosslinking agent is as follows.

[0158] 1.61 g (10 mmol) of 2-carboxylic acid-3-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS: 2223101-36-6) was added to 20 mL of thionyl chloride, and 1 drop of dimethylformamide was added as a catalyst. The mixture was refluxed for 12 hours. Excess thionyl chloride was then removed by vacuum distillation to obtain product 3. Product 3 was not purified and was used directly in the next reaction step.

[0159] Product 3 was added to 20 mL of dry dichloromethane, followed by 0.37 g (2.5 mmol) of pentaerythritol and 3 mL of triethylamine. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours under anhydrous conditions. After washing three times with saturated brine, the product was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to remove dichloromethane, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to give product 5. The yield of product 5 was 0.78 g, representing a yield of 44%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.92 (d, 4H), 7.54–7.56 (m, 6H), 4.01 (s, 4H), 3.92 (s, 8H).

[0160] In this quantum dot composition, where the crosslinking agent includes crosslinking functional groups, the ligands include double bonds. The structure of such ligands is described below.

[0161] In some examples, the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula X.

[0162] Wherein, R7 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester; L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide; n6 ≥ 0, for example, n6 is selected from 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0163] In this ligand, L2 and L3 are selected from alkyl groups, which can improve the solubility of the ligand in nonpolar solvents, such as toluene or chlorobenzene. L2 and L3 are selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, which can improve the solubility of the crosslinking agent in highly polar solvents.

[0164] For example, the chain length of L2 is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and the chain length of L3 is 2, 3 or 4.

[0165] The chain length range of L2 is 1 to 4 and the chain length range of L3 is 2 to 4. This can effectively prevent the problem of chain length hindering carrier transport and injection, and ensure that the conductivity of the film layer is not affected during the material film formation.

[0166] R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride and maleimide. R8 is a group containing a double bond and is used to undergo a [3+2] cyclization reaction with the nitrogen heterocyclic propylene group in the crosslinking functional group of the crosslinking agent to realize the connection between the ligand and the crosslinking agent, thereby realizing the crosslinking of the quantum dot matrix.

[0167] In some examples, the ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas: T-1, T-2, T-3, and T-4.

[0168] The carboxyl group is a coordinating group used to coordinate with the quantum dot bulk; the coordinating group can also be any of amino, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite, and there are no restrictions here.

[0169] The following describes the [3+2] cyclization reaction that occurs in quantum dot compositions under light irradiation when the crosslinking agent includes crosslinking functional groups and the ligands include double bonds.

[0170] As exemplarily shown in Figure 2, the ligand includes a double bond, the crosslinking agent includes two crosslinking functional groups, and the quantum dot composition forms a crosslinked material under HV light irradiation. The dashed lines indicate the omission of connecting groups between the functional groups.

[0171] As exemplarily shown in Figure 3, the ligand includes a double bond, the crosslinking agent includes four crosslinking functional groups, and the quantum dot composition forms a crosslinked material under light irradiation (HV) conditions.

[0172] In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula II.

[0173] The ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in the following general formula X.

[0174] The structural formula after the ligand is coordinated with the quantum dot is as follows.

[0175] in, R'7 represents the structure after the quantum dot matrix is ​​connected to the coordinating group R7. For example, R7 is selected from any of the following groups: amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester. The corresponding group for R'7 is selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, etc. Any one of them.

[0176] Under light irradiation, the ligands in the quantum dot composition undergo a cyclization reaction with the crosslinking agent.

[0177] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20. Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0178] L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R'8 is selected from the group after removing one double bond from R8, and R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, with n6 ≥ 0.

[0179] In other embodiments, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula III, and the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula X.

[0180] Under light irradiation, the ligands in the quantum dot composition undergo a cyclization reaction with the crosslinking agent.

[0181] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20. Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0182] R'7 is selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, Any one of the following. L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R'8 is selected from the group after removing one double bond from R8, and R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, with n6 ≥ 0.

[0183] In some embodiments, the structural formula of the ligand is shown in T-2, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 5, and the structural formula of the crosslinked material 1 formed by the quantum dot composition under light irradiation hv is shown below.

[0184] For example, the structural formula of the ligand is shown in T-1, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 1, and the structural formula of the crosslinked material 2 formed by the quantum dot composition under light irradiation hv is shown below.

[0185] For example, the structural formula of the ligand is shown in T-2, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 2, and the structural formula of the crosslinked material 3 formed by the quantum dot composition under light irradiation hv is shown below.

[0186] For example, the structural formula of the ligand is shown in T-4, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 4, and the structural formula of the crosslinked material 4 formed by the quantum dot composition under light irradiation hv is shown below.

[0187] The quantum dot composition exhibits high reaction rate and degree of reaction in forming cross-linked materials, with 100% atom utilization. No small molecule impurities or gases are generated, and the stability of the film layer can be maintained during the photo-cross-linking process, thereby forming high-resolution QLEDs.

[0188] Another quantum dot composition is described below, in which the ligands include the aforementioned crosslinking functional groups, and the crosslinking agent includes double bonds.

[0189] In some embodiments, the ligand includes: a coordinating group, a group as shown in general formula I, and a linking group.

[0190] The coordinating group is used to coordinate with the quantum dot bulk and is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite groups.

[0191] The structural formula of the group represented by general formula I is as follows.

[0192] Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0193] For an introduction to the groups represented by general formula I, please refer to the above content on crosslinking agents; it will not be repeated here.

[0194] The linking group is used to link the coordinating group and the group shown in general formula I. The linking group is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups.

[0195] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VIII.

[0196] Among them, R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; R6 is a coordinating group; n5 ≥ 0, for example, n5 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0197] For example, setting n5 to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 can effectively prevent the problem of hindering carrier transport and injection caused by chain length, and can ensure that the conductivity of quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 is not affected when the quantum dot composition is formed.

[0198] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas: P-1, P-2, P-3, and P-4.

[0199] An exemplary method for preparing ligands with the structure shown in P-1 is as follows.

[0200] 2.52 g (10 mmol) of acetyl thioester-tetraethylene glycol (CAS: 223611-42-5), 1.61 g (10 mmol) of 2-carboxylate-3-phenyl-2H-azacyclopropene (CAS: 2223101-36-6), 122 mg of 1 mmol of DMAP, and 341 mg of 2.2 mmol of EDC were dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane and reacted at room temperature for 12 hours. After concentration to remove the dichloromethane, the product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 6, with a yield of 2.65 g and a yield of 67%. 1H NMR (600MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.53 (m, 3H), 4.28 (t, 2H), 4.02-4.04 (m, 3H), 3.63-3.52 (m, 10H), 2.99 (t, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H).

[0201] 1.98 g (5 mmol) of product 6 and 0.24 g (6 mmol) of potassium hydroxide were dissolved in 20 mL of methanol / water (methanol / water volume ratio 3:1). After stirring for 1 hour, dichloromethane was added, and the mixture was washed three times with saturated brine. The solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated to remove dichloromethane, and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain product 7, which is the ligand with the structural formula shown in P-1. The yield of product 7 was 1.4 g, representing a yield of 80%. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.53 (m, 3H), 4.28 (t, 2H), 4.02 (s, 1H), 3.67–3.52 (m, 12H), 2.73 (t, 2H), 1.40 (s, 1H).

[0202] In this quantum dot composition, where the ligand includes a crosslinking functional group, the crosslinking agent includes at least two double bonds, the structure of which is described below.

[0203] In some examples, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas, denoted as crosslinking agent 6 and crosslinking agent 7.

[0204] The following describes the [3+2] cyclization reaction of quantum dot compositions under light irradiation when the ligand includes a crosslinking functional group and the crosslinking agent includes at least two double bonds.

[0205] As shown in Figure 4, the ligand includes a crosslinking functional group, the crosslinking agent includes two double bonds, and the quantum dot composition forms a crosslinked material under HV light irradiation. The dashed lines indicate the omitted connecting groups between the functional groups.

[0206] As shown in Figure 5, the ligand includes a crosslinking functional group, the crosslinking agent includes three double bonds, and the quantum dot composition forms a crosslinked material under light irradiation (hv).

[0207] In some embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VIII.

[0208] The structural formula after the ligand is coordinated with the quantum dot is as follows.

[0209] in, R'6 represents the structure after the coordinating group R6 is connected to the quantum dot matrix. For example, R6 is selected from any of the following groups: amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester. The corresponding group for R'6 is selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, etc. Any one of them.

[0210] The structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in the crosslinking agent 6 above. Under light irradiation, the ligands in the quantum dot composition undergo a cyclization reaction with the crosslinking agent.

[0211] For example, the structural formula of the ligand is shown in P-1, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in the crosslinking agent 6 above. Under light irradiation, the ligand in the quantum dot composition undergoes a cyclization reaction with the crosslinking agent to obtain the crosslinked material 5.

[0212] In other embodiments, the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VIII, and the crosslinking agent is selected from crosslinking agent 7. Under light irradiation, the ligand in the quantum dot composition undergoes a cyclization reaction with the crosslinking agent.

[0213] For example, the structural formula of the ligand is shown in P-1, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in the crosslinking agent 7 above. Under light irradiation, the ligand in the quantum dot composition undergoes a cyclization reaction with the crosslinking agent to obtain the crosslinked material 6.

[0214] The quantum dot composition exhibits high reaction rate and degree of reaction in forming cross-linked materials, with 100% atom utilization. No small molecule impurities or gases are generated, and the stability of the film layer can be maintained during the photo-cross-linking process, thereby forming high-resolution QLEDs.

[0215] The following describes another quantum dot composition comprising a quantum dot matrix and ligands, wherein the ligands are coordinated and connected to the quantum dot matrix. The ligands include a first ligand and a second ligand, wherein the first ligand comprises the aforementioned crosslinking functional group, and the second ligand comprises a double bond.

[0216] In some embodiments, the first ligand includes: a coordinating group, a group as shown in general formula I, and a linking group.

[0217] The coordinating group is used to coordinate with the quantum dot bulk and is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite groups.

[0218] The structural formula of the group represented by general formula I is as follows.

[0219] Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0220] For an introduction to the groups represented by general formula I, please refer to the above content on crosslinking agents; it will not be repeated here.

[0221] The linking group is used to link the coordinating group and the group shown in general formula I. The linking group is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, including at least one substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group selected from ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups.

[0222] The second ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in the following general formula X.

[0223] Wherein, R7 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoyl, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester; L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, and n6≥0.

[0224] For example, the first ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas: P-1, P-2, P-3, and P-4.

[0225] For example, the second ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas: T-1, T-2, T-3, and T-4.

[0226] The following describes the [3+2] cyclization reaction of a quantum dot composition under illumination, in which the quantum dot composition includes a quantum dot matrix and ligands, and the ligands include a first ligand and a second ligand.

[0227] For example, as shown in Figure 6, the first ligand includes a crosslinking functional group, the second ligand includes a double bond, and the quantum dot composition forms a crosslinked material under HV light irradiation conditions.

[0228] In some embodiments, the first ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VIII.

[0229] The structure of the first ligand after it is connected to the quantum dot body is as follows.

[0230] in, R'6 represents the structure after the coordinating group R6 is connected to the quantum dot matrix. For example, R6 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester groups. The corresponding group for R'6 is selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, etc. Any one of them.

[0231] The second ligand is selected from the following structural formula.

[0232] The structure of the second ligand after it is connected to the quantum dot body is as follows.

[0233] in, R'7 represents the structure after the quantum dot matrix is ​​connected to the coordinating group R7. For example, R7 is selected from any of the following groups: amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester. The corresponding group for R'7 is selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, etc. Any one of them.

[0234] Under light irradiation, the first ligand and the second ligand in the quantum dot composition undergo a cyclization reaction.

[0235] R'8 is selected from the group formed by removing one double bond from R8, and R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride and maleimide.

[0236] For example, the structural formula of the first ligand is shown in P-1, and the structural formula of the second ligand is shown in T-1. Under light irradiation, the first ligand and the second ligand in the quantum dot composition undergo a cyclization reaction to obtain crosslinked material 7.

[0237] The quantum dot composition exhibits high reaction rate and degree of reaction in forming cross-linked materials, with 100% atom utilization. No small molecule impurities or gases are generated, and the stability of the film layer can be maintained during the photo-cross-linking process, thereby forming high-resolution QLEDs.

[0238] As shown in Figure 1, an embodiment of this disclosure also provides a light-emitting device 10, which includes a quantum dot light-emitting layer 13, wherein the material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 includes substituted or unsubstituted groups represented by the following general formula XI.

[0239] Wherein, EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0240] The group represented by general formula XI is a group formed by the [3+2] cyclization reaction of a double bond and a cross-linking functional group. The [3+2] cyclization reaction is described above and will not be repeated here.

[0241] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formulas XI-1, XI-2, XI-3, XI-4 and XI-5.

[0242] in, The quantum dot matrix is ​​represented by R1, which is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl groups; and n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0243] R'6 and R'7 are independently selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, L2 is selected from any one of the following: L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R'8 is selected from the group after removing one double bond from R8, and R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride and maleimide, with n6 ≥ 0.

[0244] R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n5 ≥ 0.

[0245] The description of the reaction in which quantum dot compositions undergo a [3+2] cyclization reaction under light irradiation to generate crosslinked materials with structures as shown in general formulas XI-1, XI-2, XI-3, XI-4, and XI-5 is provided above and will not be repeated here.

[0246] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG1, the material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 includes at least one of crosslinked material 1, crosslinked material 2, crosslinked material 3, crosslinked material 4, crosslinked material 5, crosslinked material 6, and crosslinked material 7. The structures of crosslinked material 1, crosslinked material 2, crosslinked material 3, crosslinked material 4, crosslinked material 5, crosslinked material 6, and crosslinked material 7 are described above and will not be repeated here.

[0247] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a hole transport composition comprising: a hole transport material and a crosslinking agent. The hole transport material comprises double bonds, and the crosslinking agent comprises crosslinking functional groups.

[0248] For example, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula II.

[0249] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, and the chain length of L1 ranges from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0250] For example, the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula III.

[0251] Wherein, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, and the chain length of L1 ranges from 2 to 20; R2 is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

[0252] The introduction to crosslinking agents is described above and will not be repeated here.

[0253] For example, hole transport materials include at least one of the following structural formulas.

[0254] Where n8 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0255] Under illumination, the hole transport material and the crosslinking agent undergo a [3+2] cyclization reaction to obtain a crosslinked hole transport material. This reaction has a high reaction rate and degree, and the atom utilization rate is 100%. No small molecule impurities or gases are generated. The stability of the film layer can be maintained during the photocrosslinking process, thereby forming a high-resolution QLED.

[0256] As shown in FIG1, an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides another light-emitting device 10, which includes a hole transport layer 14 and a quantum dot light-emitting layer 13 stacked together.

[0257] The material of hole transport layer 14 includes at least two substituted or unsubstituted groups represented by the following general formula XI.

[0258] Wherein, EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

[0259] The group represented by general formula XI is a group formed by the [3+2] cyclization reaction of a double bond with a cross-linking functional group. For an introduction to the [3+2] cyclization reaction, please refer to the above content; it will not be repeated here.

[0260] In some embodiments, the structural formula of the hole transport material in the hole transport composition is shown in a-1, the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 1, and the structural formula of the material of the hole transport layer 14 obtained under light irradiation is as follows.

[0261] For example, the structural formula of the hole transport material in the hole transport composition is shown in a-2, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 2. Under light irradiation conditions, the structural formula of the material of the hole transport layer 14 is as follows.

[0262] For example, the structural formula of the hole transport material in the hole transport composition is shown in a-3, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 4. Under light irradiation, the structural formula of the material of the hole transport layer 14 is as follows.

[0263] For example, the structural formula of the hole transport material in the hole transport composition is shown in a-4, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 5. Under light irradiation conditions, the structural formula of the material of the hole transport layer 14 is as follows.

[0264] For example, the structural formula of the hole transport material in the hole transport composition is shown in a-5, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 1. Under light irradiation, the structural formula of the material of the hole transport layer 14 is as follows.

[0265] For example, the structural formula of the hole transport material in the hole transport composition is shown in a-6, and the structural formula of the crosslinking agent is shown in crosslinking agent 4. Under light irradiation, the structural formula of the material of the hole transport layer 14 is as follows.

[0266] As shown in FIG7, embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a display panel 100 and a display device 1000.

[0267] For example, the display panel 100 includes a pixel defining layer and a plurality of light-emitting devices 10. The pixel defining layer has a plurality of openings, and the plurality of light-emitting devices 10 are disposed in the plurality of openings in a one-to-one correspondence. At least one of the plurality of light-emitting devices 10 is a light-emitting device 10 as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0268] For example, the display device 1000 includes a display panel 100 as described in any of the above embodiments, and the display device 1000 also includes a driver chip for driving the display panel 100 to perform display.

[0269] Display device 1000 can be any device that displays text or images, whether moving (e.g., video) or stationary (e.g., still images). More specifically, the embodiments described are contemplated to be implemented in or associated with a variety of electronic devices, such as (but not limited to) mobile phones (e.g., cell phones), wireless devices, personal data assistants (PDAs), handheld or portable computers, GPS receivers / navigators, cameras, MP4 video players, camcorders, game consoles, watches, clocks, calculators, television monitors, flat panel displays, computer monitors, automotive displays (e.g., odometer displays, etc.), navigators, cockpit controllers and / or displays, displays of camera views (e.g., displays of rearview cameras in vehicles), electronic photographs, electronic billboards or signs, projectors, architectural structures, packaging and aesthetic structures (e.g., displays of images of a piece of jewelry), etc. Figure 7 illustrates display device 1000 as a cell phone.

[0270] The beneficial effects of the above-described display panel 100 and display device 1000 are the same as the beneficial effects of the light-emitting device 10 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, and will not be repeated here.

[0271] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A crosslinking agent, comprising: At least two groups represented by general formula I below; Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

2. The crosslinking agent according to claim 1 is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula II or III; in, R1 is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 20; n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

3. The crosslinking agent according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formulas XII-1 and XII-2; in, Each M may be the same or different, and M is selected from at least one repeating unit after polymerization of styrene, acrylate, alkyl acrylate and maleic anhydride; A is a group as shown in general formula I; n7 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2, n8+n9 is selected from positive integers greater than or equal to 2; the value of n8 / (n8+n9) ranges from 1% to 1.

4. The crosslinking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula IV; in, Each R2 may be the same or different; n2 is selected from positive integers from 1 to 20.

5. The crosslinking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula V; 6. The crosslinking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VI; in, Each R3 may be the same or different; R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; n3 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20.

7. The crosslinking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VII; in, Each R3 is the same or different, each n4 is the same or different, and n4≥0.

8. The crosslinking agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas; 9. A ligand comprising: The coordinating group is used to coordinate with the quantum dot body. The coordinating group is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester groups. Groups as shown in general formula I; Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H; A linking group, which connects the coordinating group and a group as shown in general formula I, wherein the linking group is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups.

10. The ligand according to claim 9, wherein the ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula VIII; in, R3 is selected from H, Any one of the following; R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; R6 is the coordinating group; n5 ≥ 0.

11. The ligand according to claim 10, wherein the ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas; 12. A quantum dot composition comprising: A quantum dot body, a ligand, and a crosslinking agent, wherein the ligand is coordinated and connected to the quantum dot body; One of the ligand and the crosslinking agent includes a group represented by general formula I; when the crosslinking agent includes a group represented by general formula I, the number of groups represented by general formula I is at least two. Wherein, Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H; The other of the ligand and the crosslinking agent includes at least one substituted or unsubstituted group as shown in general formula IX; in the case that the crosslinking agent includes a substituted or unsubstituted group as shown in general formula IX, the number of the substituted or unsubstituted group as shown in general formula IX is at least two; EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3.

13. The quantum dot composition according to claim 12, wherein, The crosslinking agent is selected from the crosslinking agents according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formula X below; Wherein, R7 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite ester, and hypophosphite ester; L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, and n6≥0.

14. The quantum dot composition according to claim 13, wherein, The ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas; 15. The quantum dot composition according to claim 12, wherein, The ligand is selected from the ligands as described in any one of claims 9 to 11; The crosslinking agent is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas; 16. A quantum dot composition comprising: A quantum dot body and a ligand, wherein the ligand is coordinated to the quantum dot body; The ligands include: a first ligand and a second ligand; The first ligand is selected from the ligands as described in any one of claims 9 to 11; The second ligand is selected from at least one of the structures shown in the following general formula X; Wherein, R7 is selected from any one of amino, carboxylic acid, mercapto, phosphin, phosphoxy, phosphate ester, phosphite, and hypophosphite; L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide, and n6≥0.

17. The quantum dot composition according to claim 16, wherein, The second ligand is selected from at least one of the following structural formulas; 18. A hole transport composition, comprising: Hole transport material and crosslinking agent; the crosslinking agent is selected from any one of claims 1 to 8; The hole transport material includes double bonds.

19. The hole transport composition according to claim 18, wherein, The hole transport material includes at least one of the following structural formulas; Where n8 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

20. A light-emitting device, comprising: A hole transport layer and a quantum dot luminescent layer are stacked together; at least one of the quantum dot luminescent layer and the hole transport layer is made of a material comprising substituted or unsubstituted groups represented by the following general formula XI. Wherein, EWG is selected from any one of acrylate, methacrylate, nitro and -CF3; each R2 is independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or, including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and at least one R2 is not selected from H.

21. The light-emitting device according to claim 20, wherein, The material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer is selected from at least one of the structures shown in general formulas XI-1, XI-2, XI-3, XI-4 and XI-5. in, The quantum dot matrix is ​​represented by R1, which is selected from carbon, silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, triphenylamine, biphenylamine, or carbazole; L1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 20; Ar is selected from aryl or heteroaryl; and n1 is selected from positive integers from 2 to 20. R'6 and R'7 are independently selected from -COO-, -NH-, -S-, L2 is selected from any one of the following: L2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 1 to 4; L3 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester, and amide groups, with a chain length ranging from 2 to 4; R'8 is selected from the group after removing one double bond from R8, and R8 is selected from at least one of styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, maleic anhydride, and maleimide; R3 is selected from H, R4 and R5 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups including at least one of ether, ketone, amino, thioether, sulfone, ester and amide groups; n5 ≥ 0.

22. The light-emitting device according to claim 21, wherein, The material in the quantum dot light-emitting layer includes at least one of the following structural formulas; 23. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein, The material of the hole transport layer includes at least one of the following structural formulas; Where n8 is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

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