Devices and methods for interference management of sensing
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085912
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085912_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT OF SENSINGFIELDS
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for interference management of sensing in an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system.BACKGROUND
[0002] In communication systems, devices can perform various operations including communication, sensing, and the like. In some mechanisms, ISAC has been proposed. ISAC aims to integrate sensing functions into the current communication system. The sensing functions are expected to enable the network to “see” the world through the wireless signal and other inputs to connect the physical world with the digital world. ISAC can realize two functions of wireless communication and sensing through the reuse of spectrum resources, wireless infrastructure, and radio frequency signals. For example, ISAC may be used for smart transportation, smart factory, and the like.SUMMARY
[0003] In a first aspect, there is provided a first communication device. The first communication device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; perform, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information; and transmit, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing.
[0004] In a second aspect, there is provided a second communication device. The second communication device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; and receive, from the first communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of interference to a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information and the measurement result is obtained based on the configuration information.
[0005] In a third aspect, there is provided a first communication device. The first communication device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: determine a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and transmit, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing.
[0006] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a second communication device. The second communication device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and receive, from the first communication device, a sensing report comprising a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information.
[0007] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; performing, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information; and transmitting, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing.
[0008] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second communication device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; and receiving, from the first communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of interference to a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information and the measurement result is obtained based on the configuration information.
[0009] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first communication device. The method comprises: determining a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and transmitting, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing.
[0010] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second communication device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and receiving, from the first communication device, a sensing report comprising a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information.
[0011] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth aspect.
[0012] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2F illustrate example sensing modes, respectively;
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of an example process for interference measurement according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam of the sensing node in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of example path groups in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates an example diagram of relationships between the transmission power and the receiving power of a sensing signal and self-interference in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7A illustrates an example signaling flow of an example process for self-interference measurement in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 7B illustrates an example signaling flow of an example process for cluster interference measurement in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling flow of an example process for sensing according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of different clusters used as reference points for the sensing of different targets in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an example signaling flow of an example process for sensing in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second communication device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0032] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0033] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0034] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0035] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0036] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0037] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0038] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0039] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0040] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0041] As described above, ISAC involves integration of communication and sensing functions in a single system to enable the coordinated sharing of resources. The ISAC design allows communication and sensing functions to share same resources, such as a same frequency band and / or hardware, to improve spectrum efficiency and reduce costs.
[0042] To further improve the utilization rate of spectrum resources, many sensing services in the future may operate within the limited spectrum. Therefore, the sensing spectrum may become congested, which may have a negative impact on the overall performance of sensing.
[0043] In order to solve at least part of the above problems or other potential problems, a solution on ISAC is proposed. According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device (e.g., a sensing node) receives, from a second communication device (e.g., a sensing management entity) , configuration information for sensing. Based on the configuration information, the first communication device performs measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal. The sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information. Then, the first communication device transmits, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing.
[0044] In this manner, the first and second communication devices may get informed of the possible interference to sensing. Thus, the first communication device may take the interference into account when performing sensing afterward. The second communication device may determine a suitable sensing node, sensing configuration, etc. for a sensing service based on the interference measurement results of multiple sensing nodes, including the first communication device.
[0045] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including a first communication device 110 and a second communication device 120 can communicate with each other.
[0047] The first communication device 110 may be a terminal device or a network device used to sense an object in a sensing area. The sensing area may be defined individually for each sensing node, or it may be a shared or jointly covered area for a group of sensing nodes. For example, the first communication device 110 may be a UE or a base station configured with a sensing function. That is to say, the first communication device 110 may support ISAC. As used herein, the first communication device 110 may be referred to as a “sensing node” or “sensing device” .
[0048] The second communication device 120 may be a device configured to determine sensing policies and configurations for the first communication device 110. For example, if the first communication device 110 needs to perform sensing, the second communication device 120 may determine sensing policies and configurations for the first communication device 110.
[0049] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 120 may be a device configured to provide a function associated with sensing, such as a sensing function (SF) or a location management function (LMF) . For example, the SF may possess knowledge of sensing requirements and be configured to manage the coordination and scheduling of resources for sensing operations. In some example embodiments, the second communication device 120 may be a core network entity that provides the SF or LMF. For ease of description, the functions themselves may be described as the actors in the following.
[0050] As used herein, the sensing area may be referred to as a “sensing interesting area” or a “sensing area of interest” . The object sensed by the first communication device 110 may be referred to as a “target” , an “object” , a “sensing target” , a “sensing object” or a “target object” . In the sensing area, there may be both the object that the first communication device 110 aims to sense and other objects. In the present disclosure, in order to distinguish between them, the object that the first communication device 110 aims to sense is referred to as the “target object” , and the other objects are referred to as “interfering objects” .
[0051] To sense an object, a sensing node may transmit a sensing signal (e.g., a sensing reference signal (RS) ) towards the sensing area. The sensing node transmitting the sensing signal may be referred to as a transmitting (Tx) node. A sensing node may detect an echo signal reflected from the object. The sensing node detecting the echo signal may be referred to as a receiving (Rx) node. As used herein, the term “echo signal” or “echo sensing signal” may refer to a signal passively reflected, refracted, or diffraction by the object. The first communication device 110 may perform a sensing service associated with the object or sense the object based on the detected echo signal.
[0052] In some example embodiments, the Tx node and the Rx node may be different or the same. In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may perform both the Tx and Rx functions. In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may perform one of the Tx and Rx functions.
[0053] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0054] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0055] In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the first communication device 110 may perform the sensing based on different sensing modes. FIGS. 2A to 2F illustrate schematic diagrams of six types of example sensing modes. The sensing mode may be configured by the second communication device 120 or by a further node or device in the communication environment 100.
[0056] FIG. 2A illustrates sensing mode 200 which may be referred to as a mono-static sensing mode. In the sensing mode 200, a network device may serve as both a Tx node and a Rx node for sensing. That is, in the sensing mode 200, the sensing signal is transmitted by a network device or a network node, and received or measured by the network device or network node itself. The network device or network node may be for example, a Transmitter Receiver Point (TRP) . The TRP may refer to a point that is capable of transmitting and receiving signals. For example. The TRP may be one or more antenna ports in a base station, which are used for communicating with the terminal device.
[0057] FIG. 2B illustrates sensing mode 210 which may be referred to as a bi-static sensing mode. In the sensing mode 210, a network device may serve as a Tx node, and another network device may serve as a Rx node for sensing. That is, the sensing signal is transmitted by a network node A and received or measured by another network node B.
[0058] FIG. 2C illustrates a sensing mode 220 that may be referred to as a UE collaborative sensing mode or a TRP assisted bi-static sensing mode. In the sensing mode 220, a network device is configured to operate as a Tx node, and a terminal device (e.g., UE) is configured to operate as a Rx node or sensing node. That is, the sensing signal is transmitted by a network node and received or measured by a terminal device such as UE.
[0059] Similar to FIG. 2C, FIG. 2D illustrates a sensing mode 230, which is another UE collaborative sensing mode or TRP assisted bi-static sensing mode. In the sensing mode 230, a network device is configured to operate as a Rx node or sensing mode, and a terminal device (e.g., UE) is configured to operate as a Tx node. That is, the sensing signal is transmitted by a terminal device such as UE and received or measured by a network node.
[0060] FIG. 2E illustrates a sensing mode 240 in which a terminal device (e.g., UE) is configured to operate as a Tx node and a Rx node. That is, in the sensing mode 240, the sensing signal is transmitted by a terminal device such as UE and received or measured by the terminal device itself.
[0061] FIG. 2F illustrates a sensing mode 250 in which a terminal device is configured to operate as a Tx node, and another terminal device is configured to operate as a Rx node or sensing node. That is, in the sensing mode 250, the sensing signal is transmitted by a terminal device such as UE A and received or measured by another terminal device such as UE B.
[0062] It is to be understood that although the network device or the network node is illustrated by taking the TRP as an example in FIGS. 2A-2F, the network device or the network node may be also a gNB or other suitable network apparatus in further example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] It is to be understood that the above sensing modes may be applied separately, or combined in any suitable way based on different scenarios, environments, service requirements, and the like. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0064] Some example processes are now described. FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow 300 of an example process for interference measurement according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the signaling flow 300 involves a first communication device 110 and a second communication device 120. For the purpose of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1.
[0065] In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, a sensing node may be taken as an example of the first communication device 110 and a SF may be taken as an example of the second communication device 120 for description.
[0066] The interference measurement performed in the example embodiments of the present disclosure may include the measurement of self-interference and / or cluster interference.
[0067] The self-interference may represent the interference caused by the transmitted sensing signal in a scenario where a sensing node independently transmits a sensing signal and receives an echo signal. For example, if the hardware isolation between the transmitting channel and the receiving channel of the sensing node is insufficient, the transmitted sensing signal may leak into the receiving channel, thus causing the self-interference. The self-interference may occur in the sensing modes where the sensing node is configured to operate as both a Tx node and an Rx node, e.g., the sensing modes shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2E. The measurement of the self-interference usually needs to be carried out when there is no target object in the sensing area and no object within a certain distance around the sensing node, to avoid the influence caused by any object to the received signal of self-interference.
[0068] The cluster interference may represent the interference caused by the interfering objects in the sensing area. As described above, interfering objects may refer to the objects other than the target object that the sensing node intends to sense, such as a wall, a car, a human, an animal and so on. The cluster interference may have a negative impact on the sensing of the target object. The cluster interference may occur in various sensing modes as shown in FIGS. 2A-2F. The measurement of the cluster interference usually needs to be carried out when there is no target object in the sensing area, to avoid the influence caused by intended target to the received signal of cluster interference.
[0069] The process of interference measurement and reporting will be introduced with reference to FIG. 3 below.
[0070] As shown in FIG. 3, in some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may transmit (325) , to the second communication device 120, a request for an opportunity to measure the interference to sensing. The second communication device 120 may receive (330) the request and determine the opportunity for the first communication device 110.
[0071] The opportunity to measure the interference may represent a time and / or frequency resource for the measurement. Since the second communication device 120, e.g., the SF, usually has a more comprehensive understanding of the current situation of the sensing area, the opportunity may be determined by it. Thus, conflicts caused by the interference measurement of other sensing nodes or sensing services may be avoided or minimized. Based on the request, the second communication device 120 may configure an opportunity for the first communication device 110, for example, a suggested time or frequency resource.
[0072] Alternatively, in the example embodiments, the opportunity may be configured by the second communication device 120 for the first communication device 110 without receiving the request. For example, the second apparatus 120 may select a measurement opportunity for self-interference or cluster interference for a sensing node newly deployed in the sensing area.
[0073] Optionally, in some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may transmit (335) , to the second communication device 120, capability information about the interference measurement. The capability information may indicate the capabilities of the first communication device 110 related to interference measurement, which may assist the second communication device 120 in better determining configurations for interference measurement. The second communication device 120 may receive (340) the capability information and use it as reference information for the interference measurement configurations.
[0074] In some example embodiments, the capability information may include first information of at least one beam associated with a sensing signal. That is to say, the first information may indicate the characteristics of the sensing beams. For example, the first information may include various information such as the number, the width, the gain and the direction of the at least one beam. Alternatively or in addition, the first information may include the beam index, and the specific beam information corresponding to each beam index may have already been shared between network devices in other ways. The at least one beam may include a sensing signal transmitting beam and / or a sensing signal receiving beam.
[0075] As an alternative, or in addition, in some example embodiments, the capability information may include second information of supporting simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing signal. Specifically, for a monostatic sensing mode, the sensing node needs to first transmit the sensing signal and then receive the echo signal. The sensing node usually requires some time to turn on the receive channel. If the time duration between the transmitted sensing signal and the received echo signal caused by self-interference is shorter than the time it takes to turn on the receive channel, the sensing node will be unable to receive the echo signal. This means that the sensing node is not able to or unnecessary to perform the measurement of self-interference.
[0076] In some examples, the second information may include an indication indicating whether simultaneously transmitting and receiving is supported by the first communication device 110. Alternatively, or in addition, the second information may include a time delay for turning on receiving the sensing signal after the sensing signal is transmitted.
[0077] As a further alternative, or in addition, the capability information may include a sensing capability on sensing performance including a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution or a sensing accuracy of the first communication device 110. The sensing capability may be determined based on the hardware conditions of the first communication device 110 or its algorithms used for sensing.
[0078] In some example embodiments, the capability information may be transmitted per beam or per beam set. The beam set may include a plurality of beams having common characteristics, for example, sharing the same width and / or gain.
[0079] Continuing with FIG. 3, the second communication device 120 transmits (345) configuration information for sensing to the first communication device 110. The first communication device 110 receives (350) the configuration information. There may be various information included in the configuration information.
[0080] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include a sensing signal transmitting beam (also referred to as Tx beam) and / or a sensing signal receiving beam (also referred to as Rx beam) . FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram 400 of the sensing signal transmitting beam (e.g., a Tx beam 410) and the sensing signal receiving beam (a Rx beam 420) of the sensing node in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the sensing node may be configured with the Tx beam 410 and the Rx beam 420. It is to be understood that the beams shown in FIG. 4 are merely for an example, and the sensing node may be configured with other Tx beams and / or Rx beams.
[0081] In addition, the configuration information may include a direction of the sensing signal transmitting beam and / or a direction of the sensing signal receiving beam. The sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam, as well as their directions, may be the same or different. For example, they may be the same by considering the signal transmission direction between the sensing node and the sensing target is same for the two links (one link from the sensing node to the target, and another link from the target to the sensing node) with a high probability, and they may be different by considering the sensing signal transmission between sensing node and target may be with a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path in the monostatic sensing mode.
[0082] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include a sensing signal transmitting beam set and / or a sensing signal receiving beam set. Each beam set may include several beams.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include a time duration of the sensing signal. Generally, the longer the time duration of the sensing signal is, the more accurate the result of the interference measurement will be. However, an overly long time duration of the sensing signal may cause the received echo signal to be interfered by interfering objects or target objects in the environment. The second communication device 120 may determine the time duration of the sensing signal according to the situation of the sensing environment. If the number of objects in the environment is less, the longer the time duration of the sensing signal may be. And vice versa.
[0084] Alternatively, or in addition, the determination of the time duration of the sensing signal may also take into account the time delay for turning on the receiver of the first communication device 110. It is to be understood that the time duration of the sensing signal should be longer than the time delay for turning on the receiver of the sensing node.
[0085] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include resource information of the sensing signal. For example, the resource information may include a dedicated or predefined resource set for interference measurement. The resource set may include resources in time and / or frequency domain. Alternatively, the resource information may include a resource range for the first communication device 110 to select from. That is to say, the resource information may only indicate a window of time-domain resources or band or sub-band information of frequency-domain resources. The first communication device 110 may make a selection during the window or the band or sub-band according to its own situation.
[0086] In some example embodiments, the resource information may include a common resource set for a group of sensing nodes. For example, if more than one sensing nodes are outside each other's sensing coverage and there will be no mutual interference among them, then the more than one sensing nodes may be classified into a same group, and a common resource set for the group of sensing nodes may be transmitted.
[0087] In some example embodiments, the resource information may include sequence information of the sensing signal. For example, the sequence information may include a sequence type, a sequence length, a sequence identification, a sequence identification set, etc. The sequence type may indicate a sequence with high auto-correlation to extract the sensing signal transmitted by the first communication device 110 accurately. The sequence length may be determined by the number of sensing nodes within a predefined area or the density of the sensing nodes. The larger the number of sensing nodes or the higher the density of the sensing nodes, the longer the sequence length may be, to distinguish more sensing signals from difference sensing nodes. Regarding the sequence identification, within the predefined area, the sequence has different identifications or initial values for different sensing nodes.
[0088] Alternatively, the second communication device 120 may indicate a range of relevant information about the sequence, for example, indicate a sequence set including more than one sequences. Then, the first communication device 110 may determine the specific sequence information from the sequence set information according to its own situation.
[0089] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include repetition information of the sensing signal. The repetition information may indicate the circular / repetition times of the sensing signal. In order to obtain the complete echo signal with a time delay caused by turning on the receive channel, the sensing signal may be cycled at least once.
[0090] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include a transmission power adjusting scheme of the sensing signal. For example, the scheme may include adjusting steps of the transmission power. Alternatively, or in addition, the scheme may include a maximum and / or a minimum value of the transmission power.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the configuration information may include environment information such as the sensing node density and distribution information of sensing nodes in the sensing coverage / area.
[0092] It is to be understood that the configuration information is not limited to those listed in the above example embodiments, and may also include other possible or necessary information.
[0093] In some embodiments, all or part of the information included in the configuration information may not be transmitted by the second communication device 120 to the first communication device 110, but rather determined by the first communication device 110 itself. For example, the power adjusting scheme may be determined by the first communication device 110.
[0094] Alternatively, or in addition, the second communication device 120 may transmit a range to the first communication device 110 for all or part of the information included in the configuration information. Then, the first communication device 110 may adjust the range according to the current situation or sensing requirement, etc., to obtain more appropriate configurations for sensing.
[0095] Continuing with FIG. 3, the first communication device 110 performs (355) sensing signal transmission and / or reception, and measurement on interference to sensing with the received sensing signal and obtains a measurement result of the interference. The sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information. For the self-interference and the cluster interference, the contents to be measured may not completely the same.
[0096] First, the measurement result of the self-interference is described. In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the self-interference may include a receiving power of the sensing signal. If the sensing signal is transmitted with a set of transmitting powers, then what the first communication device 110 may receive or measure (determine) is also a set of receiving powers.
[0097] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the self-interference may include a power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, that is, an interference (power) to signal (power) ratio (ISR) . It is to be understood that if the sensing signal is transmitted with a set of transmitting powers, then what the first communication device 110 may receive or measure (determine) is also a set of power ratios. The power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal may be linear or nonlinear.
[0098] When the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold (e.g., -30 dB) , the influence of self-interference may be almost ignored, and its value does not need to be reported to the second communication device 120, and a special value is reported instead. Therefore, the measurement result of the self-interference may include a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the self-interference may include a maximum self-interference power or a saturated self-interference power with different transmitting powers. In some example embodiments, the minimum transmitting power correspond to a maximum self-interference power or a saturated self-interference power may be reported together with the maximum self-interference.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the self-interference may include a time difference between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal. The time difference may be indicated in terms of the number of reference samples or as a ratio of time difference to the sequence length or sequence duration.
[0101] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the self-interference may include a static value (also referred to as a filtered value) of multiple measurements of the sensing signal. The static value may indicate the statistical result of multiple measurements. Since one or two measurements may not be accurate enough, the first communication device 110 may perform multiple self-interference measurements and obtain the static value.
[0102] Next, the measurement result of the cluster interference will be discussed. As described above, the cluster interference may refer to the interference generated by the reflection of the sensing signal by interfering objects in the sensing area. Since the sensing signal may be reflected by different parts of the interfering object (such as the wheels and windows of a vehicle) , an echo sensing signal of a group of paths may be generated by a same interfering object. That is to say, a path group may include those paths through which the echo sensing signals reflected by the same object are transmitted. The measurement result of the cluster interference may be per path or per group of paths.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference may include receiving power information per path or per group of paths. For example, the receiving power information may include a Received Signal Reference Power (RSRP) , a Received Signal Reference Quality (RSRQ) or a Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) . Similar to the measurement of the self-inference, the receiving power information may include a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold. This will not be described again here.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference may include time difference information (also referred to as time delay information) between a receiving time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths and a transmission time of the sensing signal, or a receiving time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths and a first path or a first path group with lowest delay or strongest power. The time difference information may indicate the distance between the interfering object and the sensing node.
[0105] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference may include Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths. The Doppler spread information may indicate the distribution of the Doppler frequency shifts caused by the movement of the interfering object.
[0106] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference may include the number of paths in each path group.
[0107] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference may include a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal. The static value may indicate the statistical result of a group of paths. For example, the static value may be determined based on an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0108] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram 500 of example path groups in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. In an example, the static value may be determined respectively based on the paths in group 1, group 2 and group 3 shown in FIG. 5. The dotted lines 501, 502 and 503 in FIG. 5 may represent the average value of receiving powers and / or time difference on the paths in the group 1, group 2 and group 3, respectively. The arrows in FIG. 5 may indicate the maximum time difference among the paths in the group.
[0109] Continuing with FIG. 3, the first communication device 110 transmits (360) , to the second communication device 120, a report indicating the measurement result of the interference to sensing. The report may be transmitted per beam pair or per beam set. The second communication device 120 receives (365) the report.
[0110] First, the various types of information included in the report for the self-interference will be described. The report may include the measurement result of the self-interference to sensing, which is as enumerated above.
[0111] In some example embodiments, the report may include a minimum transmit power corresponding to the self-interference with a maximum or saturated power. The minimum transmit power may represent the minimum value among the transmit powers corresponding to the maximum or saturated power received. Multiple minimum transmit powers corresponding to multiple maximum or saturated powers may be included in the report in the form of different entries in a table with each entry associated with a beam or a beam set.
[0112] Additionally or alternatively, in some example embodiments, the report may include an identification of the first communication device 110. Since multiple sensing nodes, including the first communication device 110, may transmit reports of interference measurement results to the second communication device 120, the identification of the first communication device 110 may assist the second communication device 120 in distinguishing the first communication device 110.
[0113] In addition, or as a further alternative, in some example embodiments, the report may include the sensing signal transmitting beam and / or the sensing signal receiving beam, or the sensing signal transmitting beam set and / or the sensing signal receiving beam set. Additionally, the report may include an angle difference between the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam, and reported per angle difference.
[0114] Additionally or alternatively, the report may include a resource or a resource set of the report, a sensing performance, and / or the like. Regarding the measurement of the self-interference, it to be understood that the greater the self-interference is, the worse the sensing performance is. That is, there may be some connections between the self-interference and the sensing performance. The sensing performance may be described in terms of, for example, but not limited to, a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution or a sensing accuracy of the first communication device 110. In some embodiments, the sensing performance may be reported via taking place of self-interference per beam or per beam set or per angle difference between Tx beam and Rx beam.
[0115] The following will specifically describe some example applications of the measurement results of the self-interference.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the measurement results of the self-interference may assist in the selection of a sensing node and / or a sensing mode. For example, the second communication device 120 may select a sensing node for a sensing service based on the measurement results of the self-interference from several sensing nodes and the sensing requirement of the sensing service. If the required sensing range is less than the sensing range performance associated with the self-interference value, then the sensing node may be selected as a target sensing node using the monostatic sensing mode. It is to be understood that the greater the self-interference of a sensing node, the smaller the sensing range performance.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the measurement results of the self-interference may assist in the selection of a sensing beam, beam pair or beam set. For example, for a sensing node using the monostatic mode, the second communication device 120 may select the sensing beam, beam pair or beam set with less self-interference.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the measurement results of the self-interference may assist in the determination of a transmitting power of a sensing signal. For example, the second communication device 120 may determine a transmitting power for a sensing node that can meet the sensing requirements with minimum self-interference.
[0119] FIG. 6 illustrates an example diagram 600 of relationships between the transmission power and the receiving power of a sensing signal and self-interference in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure.
[0120] As shown in FIG. 6, Pt represents the transmission power and Pr represents the receiving power of the sensing signal and the receiving power of the self-interference. For example, the transmission power Pt and the receiving power Pr may be linear value. A first line 610 shows a mapping relationship between the transmission power Pt and the receiving power \of received sensing signal corresponding to a sensing target. A second line 620 shows a mapping relationship between the transmission power Pt and the self-interference power. Ps represents the saturated self-interference power with the transmitting power Pt. If Pq is the minimum received power required to meet the sensing requirement, then Ptx may be selected as the transmission power of the sensing signal.
[0121] Next, the various types of information included in the report for the cluster interference will be described. Similarly, in some example embodiments, the report may include the measurement result of the cluster interference to sensing and / or the identification of the first communication device 110.
[0122] In some example embodiments, the report may include a probability of the received interference signal being cluster. For example, the probability may be determined based on the detected times within a time window. The more times it is detected, the higher the probability. For example, for a wall in the sensing area, the first communication device 110 may receive the sensing signal reflected from the wall every time it transmits a sensing signal.
[0123] Alternatively, or in addition, the probability may be determined based on the similarity of the distribution information determined from the measurement result with a determined or pre-configured distribution, or the determined characteristics based on the received signal with the characteristics of a pre-configured reference cluster type. For example, the first communication device 110 may know the distribution of a vehicle via pre-configuration or pre-definition. If the distribution information determined from the measurement result is highly similar to the pre-configured distribution of the vehicle, it indicates that the detected objects may be cluster with a high probability, even indicates the cluster is from a vehicle.
[0124] In some example embodiments, a cluster type of the cluster interference may also be included in the report. As described in the above example, the cluster type may be determined based on the similarity of the distribution information determined from the measurement result with the determined or pre-configured distribution or characteristics of a reference cluster type. In some example embodiments, the report may include more than one cluster types with the top N similarities. Additionally, the detailed top N similarities of the more than one cluster types may also be included.
[0125] As described above, when the first communication device 110 is newly deployed in the sensing area, it may perform interference measurement to obtain the self-interference and / or cluster interference. In addition, further measurement of the cluster interference may be triggered by the first communication device 110 or the second communication device 120.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 may determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference. Then, it may transmit, to the second communication device 120, a request for an opportunity to measuring the cluster interference.
[0127] For example, if the number of times of detecting a new cluster exceeds a first number threshold or a ratio of successfully detecting a new cluster exceeds a first ratio threshold, the first communication device 110 may determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference. In an example, the first communication device 110 detects a new cluster N1 times in N2 detections. If N1 is greater than a first number threshold or the ratio of N1 to N2 exceeds a first ratio threshold, a new measurement of the cluster interference may be triggered.
[0128] Alternatively, or in addition, if a similarity of a newly detected measurements with a reference cluster exceeds a first similarity threshold, the first communication device 110 may determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference. For example, if the similarity between the newly detected measurements and a reference cluster is higher than the first similarity threshold, a new measurement of the cluster interference may be triggered.
[0129] As an alternative, or in addition, if the number of times of misdetection of a known or an old or a history cluster exceeds a second number threshold or a ratio of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second ratio threshold, the first communication device 110 may determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference. For example, if at least one cluster is missed N3 times in N4 detections, a new measurement of the cluster interference may be triggered.
[0130] As a further alternative, or additionally, if a similarity of a known or an old or a history cluster with a reference cluster is less than a second similarity threshold, the first communication device 110 may determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference. For example, if the similarity between at least one known or one old or one history cluster and the reference cluster is lower than the second similarity threshold, a new measurement of the cluster interference may be triggered.
[0131] As a yet further alternative, or additionally, in response to receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node, the first communication device 110 may determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference. For example, when the first communication device is a gNB, the further sensing node may be a UE served by the gNB.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the measurement of the cluster interference may be triggered by the second communication device 120.
[0133] For example, in response to detecting cluster variation, the second communication device 120 may trigger a new measurement of the cluster interference. In some embodiments, the cluster variation may include at least one of: number of cluster, cluster types, or similarity of cluster types.
[0134] Alternatively, or in addition, in response to receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node, the second communication device 120 may trigger a new measurement of the cluster interference.
[0135] It is to be understood that the above triggers are merely provided as examples and are not intended to be restrictive. Other factors may also trigger a new measurement of the cluster interference.
[0136] FIG. 7A illustrates an example signaling flow 700A of an example process for self-interference measurement in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. The signaling flow 700A may be considered as an example embodiment of the signaling flow 300 of FIG. 3. The signaling flow 700A involves the first communication device 110, the second communication device 120 and a third communication device 730. The third communication device 730 may be another sensing node in the sensing area.
[0137] As shown in FIG. 7A, at 701, the first communication device 110 may transmit a request requiring a self-interference measurement opportunity to the second communication device 120. At 702, the third communication device 730 may transmit a request requiring a self-interference measurement opportunity to the second communication device 120. The second communication device 120 may determine the respective opportunities for these two sensing nodes. The opportunity may indicate the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources. Generally, different opportunities may be determined for different sensing nodes. However, when the two sensing nodes are far apart and will not interfere with each other, they may also be configured with the same opportunity.
[0138] At 703, the first communication device 110 may transmit self-interference measurement related capability information to the second communication device 120. At 704, the third communication device 730 may transmit self-interference measurement related capability information to the second communication device 120.
[0139] Based on the capability information and the current situation of the sensing area, the second communication device 120 may determine sensing signal configuration for self-interference measurement for the sensing nodes. At 705, the second communication device 120 may transmit the sensing signal configuration for self-interference measurement to the first communication device 110. At 706, the second communication device 120 may transmit the sensing signal configuration for self-interference measurement to the third communication device 730.
[0140] Then, at 707, the first communication device 110 may transmit a sensing signal and perform measurement of the self-interference. Similarly, at 708, the third communication device 730 may transmit a sensing signal and perform measurement of the self-interference.
[0141] At 709, the first communication device 110 may transmit a self-interference report to the second communication device 120. At 710, the third communication device 730 may transmit a further self-interference report to the second communication device 120.
[0142] Based on the measurement results of self-interference from multiple sensing nodes, the second communication device 120 may better handle sensing services. For example, it may select a suitable sensing node for a sensing service or determine an accurate configuration for performing further sensing.
[0143] FIG. 7B illustrates an example signaling flow 700B of an example process for cluster interference measurement in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. The signaling flow 700B may be considered as an example embodiment of the signaling flow 300 of FIG. 3. The signaling flow 700B involves the first communication device 110, the second communication device 120 and the third communication device 730. The third communication device 730 may be another sensing node in the sensing area.
[0144] As shown in FIG. 7B, at 711, the first communication device 110 may transmit a request requiring a cluster interference measurement opportunity to the second communication device 120. At 712, the third communication device 730 may transmit a request requiring a cluster interference measurement opportunity to the second communication device 120. The second communication device 120 may determine the respective opportunities for these two sensing nodes. The opportunity may indicate the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources. Generally, different opportunities may be determined for different sensing nodes. However, when the two sensing nodes are far apart and will not interfere with each other, they may also be configured with the same opportunity.
[0145] At 713, the first communication device 110 may transmit cluster interference measurement related capability information to the second communication device 120. At 714, the third communication device 730 may transmit cluster interference measurement related capability information to the second communication device 120.
[0146] Based on the capability information and the current situation of the sensing area, the second communication device 120 may determine sensing signal configuration for cluster interference measurement for the sensing nodes. At 715, the second communication device 120 may transmit the sensing signal configuration for cluster interference measurement to the first communication device 110. At 716, the second communication device 120 may transmit the sensing signal configuration for cluster interference measurement to the third communication device 730.
[0147] Then, at 717, the first communication device 110 may transmit a sensing signal and perform measurement of the cluster interference. At 718, the third communication device 730 may transmit a sensing signal and perform measurement of the cluster interference.
[0148] At 719, the first communication device 110 may transmit a cluster interference report to the second communication device 120. At 720, the third communication device 730 may transmit a further cluster interference report to the second communication device 120.
[0149] Based on the measurement results of cluster interference from multiple sensing nodes, the second communication device 120 may better handle sensing services. For example, it may select a suitable sensing node for a sensing service or determine an accurate configuration for performing sensing.
[0150] FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling flow 800 of an example process for sensing according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the signaling flow 800 involves the first communication device 110 and the second communication device 120. For the purpose of discussion, the signaling flow 800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1.
[0151] As shown in FIG. 8, in some example embodiments, the second communication device 120 may transmit (825) , to the first communication device 110, cluster information related to at least one sensing node. The cluster information may be determined by the second communication device 120 in various ways. For example, it may be determined by fusing the measurement results of the cluster interference from different sensing nodes, by means of an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model, or based on the prior information of the environment, etc.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the cluster information may determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node. That is to say, the second communication device 120 may obtain the measurement results of the cluster interference from different sensing nodes and fuse these measurement results to obtain the (final) cluster information or cluster result. Then, the second communication device 120 may share the (final) cluster information or cluster result with the sensing nodes, for example, the first communication device 110.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the at least one sensing node may include the first communication device 110. It is to be understood that the at least one sensing node may not include the first communication device 110. It may include some sensing nodes around the first communication device 110. The cluster interference measured by the sensing nodes around the first communication device 110 may be close to the cluster interference of the first communication device 110.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference may be determined based on the method described with respect to FIG. 3. The information related to the measurement result of the cluster interference may not be repeated here.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the (final) cluster information or cluster results may include a flag to indicate whether a measurement result of the cluster interference reported by each of the at least one sensing node is aligned with a determined cluster result. For example, when the value of the flag is 1, it may indicate that the measurement result and the determined cluster result are aligned; when the value of the flag is 0, it may indicate that the two are not aligned.
[0156] In addition, when the measurement result of the cluster interference is misaligned with the determined cluster, the second communication device 120 may transmit the type of the cluster to the first communication device 110 in the (final) cluster information or the cluster result.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the (final) cluster information or the cluster result may include characteristics information of the determined cluster result associated with the at least one sensing node. For example, the characteristics information may include a location of the cluster, a distance between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a direction of the cluster to the corresponding sensing node, a size of the cluster, a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, parameters of a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, a speed of the cluster, etc.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the cluster information may include statistical information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node. For example, the statistical information may include a density of the cluster within a sensing area. The sensing area may be defined separately for each sensing node, or it may be a sensing area that is shared or jointly covered by a group of sensing nodes.
[0159] Continuing with FIG. 8, the first communication device 110 may receive (830) the (final) cluster information or cluster result and determines (835) a measurement result of further sensing of a target based on the received (final) cluster information or cluster result.
[0160] The sensing may be performed based on the (final) cluster information or cluster result. For example, when the density of the sensing nodes is high, a narrower beam width may be used to avoid interference caused by the cluster. When the density is low, a wider beam width may be used to improve the sensing efficiency. When the radar cross-section (RCS) of the cluster is large, a narrower beam width may be used to reduce the interference caused by the cluster. When the RCS of the cluster is small, a wider beam width may be used to improve the sensing efficiency.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of sensing may be obtained by taking a cluster as a reference point. The cluster taken as the reference point is usually a static object, e.g., a building. Moving objects with fixed or controllable cruising trajectories, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , may also be used as the reference point.
[0162] Additionally, in some example embodiments, different clusters may be used as reference points for sensing of different targets. FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram 900 of different clusters used as reference points for the sensing of different targets in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, Cluster 1 may be taken as the reference point for Target 1, and Cluster 2 may be taken as the reference point for Target 2. The time differences indicated by 901 and 902 may be taken as measurement results of sensing of the targets.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the reference point may be determined by the second communication device 120 and configured to the first communication device 110. For example, the configuration for the reference point may include the path or path group information of the reference cluster (e.g., path or path group index) , time delay of the path, Doppler information of the path or path group, power of the path or path group, etc.
[0164] Alternatively, or in addition, the reference point may be determined by the first communication device 110. When a reference point is chosen to determine the measurements of the sensing target, the determined reference point information may be reported by the first communication device 110 to the second communication device 120. For example, the reference point information may include: the path or path group information of the reference cluster (e.g., path or path group index) , time delay of the path, Doppler information of the path or path group, power of the path or path group, etc.
[0165] Then, the first communication device 110 transmits (840) , to the second communication device 120, a sensing report including the measurement result of further sensing. The second communication device 120 receives (845) the sensing report from the first communication device 110.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the sensing report may exclude the measurement result of the cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node. For example, a cluster path or signal of the at least one sensing node may be extracted and the related sensing measurement may not be reported.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the sensing report may include beam information determined based on the cluster information. For example, the beam information may include a sensing beam direction, a sensing beam width, a sensing beam gain, etc.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the sensing report may include a probability (set) that the sensing measurement result belongs to the target. Alternatively, or in addition, the sensing report may include a further probability (set) that the sensing measurement result belongs to a cluster. As a further alternative, or additionally, the sensing report may include a similarity between distribution information determined from the sensing measurement result of a target and distribution information of a determined or pre-configured or a pre-defined reference object.
[0169] FIG. 10 illustrates an example signaling flow 1000 of an example process for sensing in accordance with some example embodiments in the present disclosure. The signaling flow 1000 may be considered as an example embodiment of the signaling flow 800 of FIG. 8. The signaling flow 1000 involves the first communication device 110, the second communication device 120 and a third communication device 1030. The third communication device 1030 may be another sensing node in the sensing area.
[0170] As shown in FIG. 10, at 1001, the second communication 120 may fuse the measurement results of cluster interference from at least one sensing node and obtain the (final) cluster information or cluster result. At 1002, the second communication device 120 may transmit the (final) cluster information or cluster result to first communication device 110. At 1003, the second communication device 120 may transmit the (final) cluster information or cluster result to the third communication device 1030.
[0171] At 1004, the second communication device 120 may transmit target sensing configurations to the first communication device 110 and the third communication device 1030. At 1005, the first communication device 110 and the third communication device 1030 may determine the measurement result of sensing of a target based on the received (final) cluster information or cluster result.
[0172] Then, at 1006, the first communication device 110 may transmit the sensing report including the measurement result of sensing to the second communication device 120. At 1007, the third communication device 1030 may transmit the sensing report including the measurement result of sensing to the second communication device 120.
[0173] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1100 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the first communication device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0174] At block 1110, the first communication device 110 receives, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing.
[0175] At block 1120, the first communication device 110 performs, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information.
[0176] At block 1130, the first communication device 110 transmits, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of: a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, a direction of the sensing signal transmitting beam, a direction of the sensing signal receiving beam, a time duration of the sensing signal, repetition information of the sensing signal, resource information of the sensing signal, sequence information of the sensing signal, distribution information of sensing nodes, or a transmission power adjusting scheme of the sensing signal.
[0178] In some example embodiments, the resource information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a dedicated or predefined resource set for interference measurement, a common resource set for a group of sensing nodes, or a resource range for the first communication device to select from.
[0179] In some example embodiments, the sequence information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a sequence type, a sequence length, a sequence identification or a sequence identification set.
[0180] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 is further caused to: transmit, to the second communication device, a request for an opportunity to measure the interference to sensing.
[0181] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 is further caused to: transmit, to the second communication device, capability information about interference measurement of the first communication device.
[0182] In some example embodiments, the capability information comprises at least one of:first information of at least one beam associated with the sensing signal, second information of supporting simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing signal, or a sensing capability comprising at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the first information comprises at least one of a number, a width, a gain, a direction of the at least one beam, wherein the at least one beam comprises a sensing signal transmitting beam and / or a sensing signal receiving beam.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the second information comprises at least one of:an indication indicating whether simultaneously transmitting and receiving is supported by the first communication device, or a time delay for turning on receiving the sensing signal after the sensing signal is transmitted.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the capability information is transmitted per beam set, wherein the beam set comprises a plurality of beams sharing the same width and / or gain.
[0186] In some example embodiments, the report is transmitted per beam, per beam pair or per beam set.
[0187] In some example embodiments, the interference to sensing comprises at least one of self-interference or cluster interference.
[0188] In some example embodiments, the interference comprises self-interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: a receiving power of the sensing signal, a power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold, a maximum self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a saturated self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a time difference between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0189] In some example embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a resource or a resource set of the report, a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, an angle difference between the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam, a minimum transmit power corresponding to the self-interference with a maximum or saturated power, or a sensing performance indicating at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the interference comprises cluster interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0191] In some example embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0192] In some example embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a probability of the interference being cluster, or a cluster type of the cluster interference.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the probability of the interference being cluster is determined based on at least one of: detected times within a time window, or a similarity of distribution information determined from the measurement result with a determined or pre-configured distribution, or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the cluster type is determined based on the similarity of the distribution information determined from the measurement result with the determined or pre-configured distribution or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0196] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 is further caused to: determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; and transmit, to the second communication device, a request for an opportunity to measuring the cluster interference.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 110 is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the number of times of detecting a new cluster exceeds a first number threshold or a ratio of successfully detecting a new cluster exceeds a first ratio threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; in accordance with a determination that a similarity of a newly detected measurements with a reference cluster exceeds a first similarity threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; in accordance with a determination that the number of times of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second number threshold or a ratio of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second ratio threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; in accordance with a determination that a similarity of a known cluster with a reference cluster is less than a second similarity threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; or in response to receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference.
[0198] In some example embodiments, measurement of the cluster interference is triggered by the second communication device in response to detecting cluster variation or receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0200] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1200 implemented at a second communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0201] At block 1210, the second communication device 120 transmits, to a first a second communication device, configuration information for sensing.
[0202] At block 1220, the second communication device 120 receives, from the first communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of interference to a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information and the measurement result is obtained based on the configuration information.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of: a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, a direction of the sensing signal transmitting beam, a direction of the sensing signal receiving beam, a time duration of the sensing signal, repetition information of the sensing signal, resource information of the sensing signal, sequence information of the sensing signal, distribution information of sensing nodes, or a transmission power adjusting scheme of the sensing signal.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the resource information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a dedicated or predefined resource set for interference measurement, a common resource set for a group of sensing nodes, or a resource range for the first communication device to select from.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the sequence information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a sequence type, a sequence length, a sequence identification or a sequence identification set.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 120 is further caused to: receive, from the first communication device, a request for an opportunity to measure the interference to sensing.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 120 is further caused to: receive, from the first communication device, capability information about interference measurement of the first communication device.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the capability information comprises at least one of: first information of at least one beam associated with the sensing signal, second information of supporting simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing signal, or a sensing capability comprising at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the first information comprises at least one of a number, a width, a gain, a direction of the at least one beam, wherein the at least one beam comprises a sensing signal transmitting beam and / or a sensing signal receiving beam.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the second information comprises at least one of: an indication indicating whether simultaneously transmitting and receiving is supported by the first communication device, or a time delay for turning on receiving the sensing signal after the sensing signal is transmitted.
[0211] In some example embodiments, the capability information is transmitted per beam set, wherein the beam set comprises a plurality of beams sharing the same width and / or gain.
[0212] In some example embodiments, the report is transmitted per beam, per beam pair or per beam set.
[0213] In some example embodiments, the interference to sensing comprises at least one of self-interference or cluster interference.
[0214] In some example embodiments, the interference comprises self-interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: a receiving power of the sensing signal, a power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold, a maximum self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a saturated self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a time difference between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a resource or a resource set of the report, a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, an angle difference between the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam, a minimum transmit power corresponding to the self-interference with a maximum or saturated power, or a sensing performance indicating at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0216] In some example embodiments, the interference comprises cluster interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0217] In some example embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0218] In some example embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0219] In some example embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a probability of the interference being cluster, or a cluster type of the cluster interference.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the probability of the interference being cluster is determined based on at least one of: detected times within a time window, or a similarity of distribution information determined from the measurement result with a determined or pre-configured distribution, or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the cluster type is determined based on the similarity of the distribution information determined from the measurement result with the determined or pre-configured distribution or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the second communication device 120 is further caused to: trigger measurement of the cluster interference in response to detecting cluster variation or receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the first communication device 120 comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0224] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a first communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the first communication device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0225] At block 1320, the first communication device 110 determines a measurement result of sensing of a target based on cluster information related to at least one sensing node. The cluster information is determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0226] At block 1330, the first communication device 110 transmits, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the at least one sensing node comprises the first communication device 110.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the cluster information comprises at least one of: a flag to indicate whether a measurement result of the cluster interference reported by each of the at least one sensing node is aligned with a determined cluster, a type of a cluster in the case where the measurement result of the cluster interference is misaligned with the determined cluster, characteristics information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node, or statistical information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0229] In some example embodiments, the characteristics information of the determined cluster comprises at least one of: a location of the cluster, a distance between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a direction between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a size of the cluster, parameters of a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, or a speed of the cluster.
[0230] In some example embodiments, the statistical information of the cluster comprises a density of the cluster within a sensing area.
[0231] In some example embodiments, the sensing report excludes the measurement result of the cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0232] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of sensing is obtained by taking a cluster as a reference point.
[0233] In some example embodiments, different clusters are used as reference point for sensing of different targets.
[0234] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises beam information determined based on the cluster information, the beam information comprising at least one of a sensing beam direction, a sensing beam width, or a sensing beam gain.
[0235] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to the target, a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to a cluster, or a similarity between distribution information determined from the sensing measurement result of a target and distribution information of a determined or pre-configured or a pre-defined reference object.
[0236] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of a sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0237] In some example embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0238] In some example embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0239] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0240] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 implemented at a second communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the second communication device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0241] At block 1410, the second communication device 120 transmits, to a first communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0242] At block 1420, the second communication device 120 receives, from the first communication device, a sensing report comprising a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information.
[0243] In some example embodiments, the at least one sensing node comprises the first communication device.
[0244] In some example embodiments, the cluster information comprises at least one of: a flag to indicate whether a measurement result of the cluster interference reported by each of the at least one sensing node is aligned with a determined cluster, a type of a cluster in the case where the measurement result of the cluster interference is misaligned with the determined cluster, characteristics information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node, or statistical information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0245] In some example embodiments, the characteristics information of the determined cluster comprises at least one of: a location of the cluster, a distance between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a direction between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a size of the cluster, parameters of a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, or a speed of the cluster.
[0246] In some example embodiments, the statistical information of the cluster comprises a density of the cluster within a sensing area.
[0247] In some example embodiments, the sensing report excludes the measurement result of the cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0248] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of sensing is obtained by taking a cluster as a reference point.
[0249] In some example embodiments, different clusters are used as reference point for sensing of different targets.
[0250] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises beam information determined based on the cluster information, the beam information comprising at least one of a sensing beam direction, a sensing beam width, or a sensing beam gain.
[0251] In some example embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to the target, a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to a cluster, or a similarity between distribution information determined from the sensing measurement result of a target and distribution information of a determined or pre-configured or a pre-defined reference object.
[0252] In some example embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of a sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0253] In some example embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0254] In some example embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0255] In some example embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0256] FIG. 15 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1500 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1500 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1500 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first communication device 110 or the second communication device 120.
[0257] As shown, the device 1500 includes a processor 1510, a memory 1520 coupled to the processor 1510, a suitable transceiver 1540 coupled to the processor 1510, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1540. The memory 1520 stores at least a part of a program 1530. The transceiver 1540 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1540 may include at least one of a transmitter 1542 and a receiver 1544. The transmitter 1542 and the receiver 1544 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1540 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0258] The program 1530 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1510, enable the device 1500 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1510 of the device 1500, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1510 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1510 and memory 1520 may form processing means 1550 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0259] The memory 1520 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1520 is shown in the device 1500, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1500. The processor 1510 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1500 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0260] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; perform, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information; and transmit, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0261] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; and receive, from the first communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of interference to a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information and the measurement result is obtained based on the configuration information. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second communication device as discussed above.
[0262] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine a measurement result of sensing of a target based on cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and transmit, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first communication device as discussed above.
[0263] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and receive, from the first communication device, a sensing report comprising a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second communication device as discussed above.
[0264] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0265] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication apparatus is provided. The first communication apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; means for performing, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information; and means for transmitting, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1100. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0266] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication apparatus is provided. The second communication apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; and means for receiving, from the first communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of interference to a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information and the measurement result is obtained based on the configuration information. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0267] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first communication apparatus is provided. The first communication apparatus comprises means for means for determining a measurement result of sensing of a target based on cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and means for transmitting, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0268] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second communication apparatus is provided. The second communication apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and means for receiving, from the first communication device, a sensing report comprising a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0269] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0270] In an aspect, it is proposed a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: receive, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; perform, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information; and transmit, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing.
[0271] In some embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of: a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, a direction of the sensing signal transmitting beam, a direction of the sensing signal receiving beam, a time duration of the sensing signal, repetition information of the sensing signal, resource information of the sensing signal, sequence information of the sensing signal, distribution information of sensing nodes, or a transmission power adjusting scheme of the sensing signal.
[0272] In some embodiments, the resource information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a dedicated or predefined resource set for interference measurement, a common resource set for a group of sensing nodes, or a resource range for the first communication device to select from.
[0273] In some embodiments, the sequence information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a sequence type, a sequence length, a sequence identification or a sequence identification set.
[0274] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: transmit, to the second communication device, a request for an opportunity to measure the interference to sensing.
[0275] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: transmit, to the second communication device, capability information about interference measurement of the first communication device.
[0276] In some embodiments, the capability information comprises at least one of: first information of at least one beam associated with the sensing signal, second information of supporting simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing signal, or a sensing capability comprising at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0277] In some embodiments, the first information comprises at least one of a number, a width, a gain, a direction of the at least one beam, wherein the at least one beam comprises a sensing signal transmitting beam and / or a sensing signal receiving beam.
[0278] In some embodiments, the second information comprises at least one of: an indication indicating whether simultaneously transmitting and receiving is supported by the first communication device, or a time delay for turning on receiving the sensing signal after the sensing signal is transmitted.
[0279] In some embodiments, the capability information is transmitted per beam set, wherein the beam set comprises a plurality of beams sharing the same width and / or gain.
[0280] In some embodiments, the report is transmitted per beam, per beam pair or per beam set.
[0281] In some embodiments, the interference to sensing comprises at least one of self-interference or cluster interference.
[0282] In some embodiments, the interference comprises self-interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: a receiving power of the sensing signal, a power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold, a maximum self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a saturated self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a time difference between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0283] In some embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a resource or a resource set of the report, a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, an angle difference between the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam, a minimum transmit power corresponding to the self-interference with a maximum or saturated power, or a sensing performance indicating at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0284] In some embodiments, the interference comprises cluster interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0285] In some embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0286] In some embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0287] In some embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a probability of the interference being cluster, or a cluster type of the cluster interference.
[0288] In some embodiments, the probability of the interference being cluster is determined based on at least one of: detected times within a time window, or a similarity of distribution information determined from the measurement result with a determined or pre-configured distribution, or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0289] In some embodiments, the cluster type is determined based on the similarity of the distribution information determined from the measurement result with the determined or pre-configured distribution or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0290] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; and transmit, to the second communication device, a request for an opportunity to measuring the cluster interference.
[0291] In some embodiments, the first communication device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the number of times of detecting a new cluster exceeds a first number threshold or a ratio of successfully detecting a new cluster exceeds a first ratio threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; in accordance with a determination that a similarity of a newly detected measurements with a reference cluster exceeds a first similarity threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; in accordance with a determination that the number of times of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second number threshold or a ratio of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second ratio threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; in accordance with a determination that a similarity of a known cluster with a reference cluster is less than a second similarity threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; or in response to receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference.
[0292] In some embodiments, measurement of the cluster interference is trigger by the second communication device in response to detecting cluster variation or receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node.
[0293] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0294] In an aspect, it is proposed a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first a second communication device, configuration information for sensing; and receive, from the first communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of interference to a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information and the measurement result is obtained based on the configuration information.
[0295] In some embodiments, the configuration information comprises at least one of: a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, a direction of the sensing signal transmitting beam, a direction of the sensing signal receiving beam, a time duration of the sensing signal, repetition information of the sensing signal, resource information of the sensing signal, sequence information of the sensing signal, distribution information of sensing nodes, or a transmission power adjusting scheme of the sensing signal.
[0296] In some embodiments, the resource information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a dedicated or predefined resource set for interference measurement, a common resource set for a group of sensing nodes, or a resource range for the first communication device to select from.
[0297] In some embodiments, the sequence information of the sensing signal comprises at least one of: a sequence type, a sequence length, a sequence identification or a sequence identification set.
[0298] In some embodiments, the second communication device is further caused to: receive, from the first communication device, a request for an opportunity to measure the interference to sensing.
[0299] In some embodiments, the second communication device is further caused to: receive, from the first communication device, capability information about interference measurement of the first communication device.
[0300] In some embodiments, the capability information comprises at least one of: first information of at least one beam associated with the sensing signal, second information of supporting simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing signal, or a sensing capability comprising at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0301] In some embodiments, the first information comprises at least one of a number, a width, a gain, a direction of the at least one beam, wherein the at least one beam comprises a sensing signal transmitting beam and / or a sensing signal receiving beam.
[0302] In some embodiments, the second information comprises at least one of: an indication indicating whether simultaneously transmitting and receiving is supported by the first communication device, or a time delay for turning on receiving the sensing signal after the sensing signal is transmitted.
[0303] In some embodiments, the capability information is transmitted per beam set, wherein the beam set comprises a plurality of beams sharing the same width and / or gain.
[0304] In some embodiments, the report is transmitted per beam, per beam pair or per beam set.
[0305] In some embodiments, the interference to sensing comprises at least one of self-interference or cluster interference.
[0306] In some embodiments, the interference comprises self-interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: a receiving power of the sensing signal, a power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold, a maximum self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a saturated self-interference power with a different transmitting power, a time difference between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0307] In some embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a resource or a resource set of the report, a sensing signal transmitting beam, a sensing signal receiving beam, a sensing signal transmitting beam set, a sensing signal receiving beam set, an angle difference between the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam, a minimum transmit power corresponding to the self-interference with a maximum or saturated power, or a sensing performance indicating at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.
[0308] In some embodiments, the interference comprises cluster interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0309] In some embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0310] In some embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0311] In some embodiments, the report indicates at least one of: the measurement result of the interference to sensing, an identification of the first communication device, a probability of the interference being cluster, or a cluster type of the cluster interference.
[0312] In some embodiments, the probability of the interference being cluster is determined based on at least one of: detected times within a time window, or a similarity of distribution information determined from the measurement result with a determined or pre-configured distribution, or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0313] In some embodiments, the cluster type is determined based on the similarity of the distribution information determined from the measurement result with the determined or pre-configured distribution or characteristics of a reference cluster type.
[0314] In some embodiments, the second communication device is further caused to: trigger measurement of the cluster interference in response to detecting cluster variation or receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node.
[0315] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0316] In an aspect, it is proposed a first communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first communication device to: determine a measurement result of sensing of a target based on cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and transmit, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing.
[0317] In some embodiments, the at least one sensing node comprises the first communication device.
[0318] In some embodiments, the cluster information comprises at least one of: a flag to indicate whether a measurement result of the cluster interference reported by each of the at least one sensing node is aligned with a determined cluster, a type of a cluster in the case where the measurement result of the cluster interference is misaligned with the determined cluster, characteristics information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node, or statistical information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0319] In some embodiments, the characteristics information of the determined cluster comprises at least one of: a location of the cluster, a distance between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a direction between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a size of the cluster, parameters of a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, or a speed of the cluster.
[0320] In some embodiments, the statistical information of the cluster comprises a density of the cluster within a sensing area.
[0321] In some embodiments, the sensing report excludes the measurement result of the cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0322] In some embodiments, the measurement result of sensing is obtained by taking a cluster as a reference point.
[0323] In some embodiments, different clusters are used as reference point for sensing of different targets.
[0324] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises beam information determined based on the cluster information, the beam information comprising at least one of a sensing beam direction, a sensing beam width, or a sensing beam gain.
[0325] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to the target, a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to a cluster, or a similarity between distribution information determined from the sensing measurement result of a target and distribution information of a determined or pre-configured or a pre-defined reference object.
[0326] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of a sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0327] In some embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0328] In some embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0329] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0330] In an aspect, it is proposed a second communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second communication device to: transmit, to a first communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; and receive, from the first communication device, a sensing report comprising a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information.
[0331] In some embodiments, the at least one sensing node comprises the first communication device.
[0332] In some embodiments, the cluster information comprises at least one of: a flag to indicate whether a measurement result of the cluster interference reported by each of the at least one sensing node is aligned with a determined cluster, a type of a cluster in the case where the measurement result of the cluster interference is misaligned with the determined cluster, characteristics information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node, or statistical information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0333] In some embodiments, the characteristics information of the determined cluster comprises at least one of: a location of the cluster, a distance between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a direction between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a size of the cluster, parameters of a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, or a speed of the cluster.
[0334] In some embodiments, the statistical information of the cluster comprises a density of the cluster within a sensing area.
[0335] In some embodiments, the sensing report excludes the measurement result of the cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node.
[0336] In some embodiments, the measurement result of sensing is obtained by taking a cluster as a reference point.
[0337] In some embodiments, different clusters are used as reference point for sensing of different targets.
[0338] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises beam information determined based on the cluster information, the beam information comprising at least one of a sensing beam direction, a sensing beam width, or a sensing beam gain.
[0339] In some embodiments, the sensing report further comprises at least one of: a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to the target, a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to a cluster, or a similarity between distribution information determined from the sensing measurement result of a target and distribution information of a determined or pre-configured or a pre-defined reference object.
[0340] In some embodiments, the measurement result of the cluster interference comprises at least one of: receiving power information per path or per group of paths, time difference information between a receiving time of a sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths, Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths, the number of paths in each path group, or a static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.
[0341] In some embodiments, the receiving power information indicates at least one of: reference signal received power (RSRP) per path or per group of paths, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) per path or per group of paths, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) per path or per group of paths, a power ratio of a receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal, or a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold.
[0342] In some embodiments, if the measurements are determined per group of paths, the static value is determined based on at least one of: an average value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a variance value of receiving powers on the paths in the group, a maximum time difference among the paths in the group, or the number of paths in the group.
[0343] In some embodiments, the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.
[0344] In an aspect, a first communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0345] In an aspect, a second communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0346] In an aspect, a first communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0347] In an aspect, a second communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0348] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0349] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0350] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0351] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0352] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0353] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0354] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first communication device discussed above.
[0355] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second communication device discussed above.
[0356] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0357] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0358] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0359] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0360] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0361] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to:receive, from a second communication device, configuration information for sensing;perform, based on the configuration information, measurement on interference to sensing with a sensing signal, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the configuration information; andtransmit, to the second communication device, a report indicating a measurement result of the interference to sensing.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the configuration information comprises at least one of:a sensing signal transmitting beam,a sensing signal receiving beam,a sensing signal transmitting beam set,a sensing signal receiving beam set,a direction of the sensing signal transmitting beam,a direction of the sensing signal receiving beam,a time duration of the sensing signal,repetition information of the sensing signal,resource information of the sensing signal,sequence information of the sensing signal,distribution information of sensing nodes, ora transmission power adjusting scheme of the sensing signal.3.The device of claim 1, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:transmit, to the second communication device, capability information about interference measurement of the first communication device, andwherein the capability information comprises at least one of:first information of at least one beam associated with the sensing signal,second information of supporting simultaneously transmitting and receiving the sensing signal, ora sensing capability comprising at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.4.The device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the report is transmitted per beam, per beam pair or per beam set.5.The device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the interference to sensing comprises at least one of self-interference or cluster interference.6.The device of claim 5, wherein the interference comprises self-interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of:a receiving power of the sensing signal,a power ratio of the receiving power to a transmitting power of the sensing signal,a parameter indicating whether the power ratio is lower than a power ratio threshold,a maximum self-interference power with a different transmitting power,a saturated self-interference power with a different transmitting power,a time difference between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal, ora static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.7.The device of claim 6, wherein the report indicates at least one of:the measurement result of the interference to sensing,an identification of the first communication device,a resource or a resource set of the report,a sensing signal transmitting beam,a sensing signal receiving beam,a sensing signal transmitting beam set,a sensing signal receiving beam set,an angle difference between the sensing signal transmitting beam and the sensing signal receiving beam,a minimum transmit power corresponding to the self-interference with a maximum or saturated power, ora sensing performance indicating at least one of a sensing coverage, a sensing range, a sensing resolution, a sensing accuracy.8.The device of claim 5, wherein the interference comprises cluster interference, and the measurement result of the interference to sensing comprises at least one of:receiving power information per path or per group of paths,time difference information between a receiving time of the sensing signal and a transmission time of the sensing signal per path or per group of paths,Doppler spread information per path or per group of paths,the number of paths in each path group, ora static value of multiple measurements of the sensing signal.9.The device of claim 8, wherein the report indicates at least one of:the measurement result of the interference to sensing,an identification of the first communication device,a probability of the interference being cluster, wherein the cluster characteristic is pre-configured or pre-defined, ora cluster type of the cluster interference.10.The device of claim 8 or 9, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; andtransmit, to the second communication device, a request for an opportunity to measuring the cluster interference.11.The device of claim 10, wherein the first communication device is further caused to:in accordance with a determination that the number of times of detecting a new cluster exceeds a first number threshold or a ratio of successfully detecting a new cluster exceeds a first ratio threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference;in accordance with a determination that a similarity of a newly detected measurements with a reference cluster exceeds a first similarity threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference;in accordance with a determination that the number of times of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second number threshold or a ratio of misdetection of a known cluster exceeds a second ratio threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference;in accordance with a determination that a similarity of a known cluster with a reference cluster is less than a second similarity threshold, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference; orin response to receiving a cluster sensing requirement from a further sensing node, determine to trigger the measurement of the cluster interference.12.The device of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.13.A first communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first communication device to:determine a measurement result of sensing of a target based on cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node; andtransmit, to a second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing.14.The device of claim 13, wherein the cluster information comprises at least one of:a flag to indicate whether a measurement result of the cluster interference reported by each of the at least one sensing node is aligned with a determined cluster,a type of a cluster in the case where the measurement result of the cluster interference is misaligned with the determined cluster,characteristics information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node, orstatistical information of the determined cluster associated with the at least one sensing node.15.The device of claim 14, wherein the characteristics information of the determined cluster comprises at least one of:a location of the cluster, a distance between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a direction between the cluster and the corresponding sensing node, a size of the cluster, parameters of a radar cross-section (RCS) model of the cluster, or a speed of the cluster.16.The device of claim 14, wherein the statistical information of the cluster comprises a density of the cluster within a sensing area.17.The device of any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the measurement result of sensing is obtained by taking a cluster as a reference point.18.The device of any of claims 14 to 17, wherein the sensing report further comprises at least one of:a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to the target,a probability that the sensing measurement result belongs to a cluster, ora similarity between distribution information determined from the sensing measurement result of a target and distribution information of a determined or pre-configured or a pre-defined reference object.19.The device of any of claims 14 to 18, wherein the first communication device comprises a sensing node, and the second communication device comprises a network device implementing a sensing function or a location management function.20.A communication method implemented at a first communication device, comprising:receiving, from a second communication device, cluster information related to at least one sensing node, the cluster information being determined based on a measurement result of cluster interference associated with the at least one sensing node;determining a measurement result of sensing of a target based on the cluster information; andtransmitting, to the second communication device, a sensing report comprising the measurement result of sensing.