Devices and methods for communication
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085982
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025085982_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATIONFIELDS
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for enhancement of ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) services.BACKGROUND
[0002] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) and A-IoT have attracted widespread attention in the field of wireless communication. When multiple service requests are transmitted to the same reader, the reader needs to determine whether parallel service requests are supported by the capability. If the reader is performing an ongoing A-IoT service, it may determine whether to reject or accepted the new A-IoT service.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices and methods for A-IoT services.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a communication device. The communication device comprises: a processor configured to cause the communication device to: in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device; determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; and transmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a core network (CN) node. The core network (CN) node comprises: a processor configured to cause the CN node to: transmit, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service; and receive, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a radio access network (RAN) node. The radio access network (RAN) node comprises: a processor configured to cause the RAN node to: receive, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device; in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; and based on the determination, transmit, the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a radio access network (RAN) node. The radio access network (RAN) node comprises: a processor configured to cause the RAN node to: determine that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device; determine a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device; and transmit the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a core network (CN) node. The core network (CN) node comprises: a processor configured to cause the CN node to: transmit, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a core network (CN) node, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader; and in accordance with a determination that the received assistance information comprises the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, transmit, to the RAN node, the second part of the assistance information.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a radio access network (RAN) node. The radio access network (RAN) node comprises: a processor configured to cause the RAN node to: receive, from a core network (CN) node or from a first terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information received from the CN node comprises at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device served by the RAN node and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the assistance information received from the first terminal device comprises a second part of assistance information forwarded by the first terminal device for the CN node; and in accordance with a determination that the assistance information is received from the CN node, transmit, to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of the assistance information.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a communication device. The method comprises: in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, receiving from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device; determining whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; and transmitting, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a core network (CN) node. The method comprises: transmitting, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service; and receiving, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a radio access network (RAN) node. The method comprises: receiving, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device; in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, determining whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; and based on the determination, transmitting the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0014] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a radio access network (RAN) node. The method comprises: determining that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device; determining a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device; and transmitting the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service.
[0015] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a core network (CN) node. The method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader.
[0016] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving, from a core network (CN) node, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader; and in accordance with a determination that the received assistance information comprises the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, transmitting to the RAN node, the second part of the assistance information.
[0017] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a radio access network (RAN) node. The method comprises: receiving, from a core network (CN) node or from a first terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information received from the CN node comprises at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device served by the RAN node and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, andwherein the assistance information received from the first terminal device comprises a second part of assistance information forwarded by the first terminal device for the CN node; and in accordance with a determination that the assistance information is received from the CN node, transmitting to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of the assistance information.
[0018] In a fifteenth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, or fourteenth aspect.
[0019] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0022] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example topologies for A-IoT device;
[0023] FIG. 3A illustrates an example access stratum (AS) procedure between a reader and A-IoT device;
[0024] FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic diagram of general framework of slotted-additive links on-line Hawaii area network (ALOHA) for A-IoT random access procedure;
[0025] FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic diagram of a logical system architecture for Topology 1;
[0026] FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic diagram of a protocol stack for Topology 1;
[0027] FIG. 4C illustrates a schematic diagram of a logical system architecture for Topology 2;
[0028] FIG. 4D illustrates a schematic diagram of an RRC based solution for Topology 2;
[0029] FIG. 4E illustrates a schematic diagram of a non-access stratum (NAS) based solution for Topology 2;
[0030] FIG. 4F illustrates a schematic diagram of a UP based solution for Topology 2;
[0031] FIG. 4G illustrates a schematic diagram of one candidate solution of resource control for UP based solution of Topology 2;
[0032] FIG. 5A illustrates a signaling chart for A-IoT inventory procedure in Topology 1;
[0033] FIG. 5B illustrates a signaling chart for A-IoT command procedure in Topology 1;
[0034] FIG. 5C illustrates a signaling chart for A-IoT inventory procedure in Topology 2 -RRC based solution;
[0035] FIG. 5D illustrates a signaling chart for A-IoT inventory procedure in Topology 2 -NAS / UP based solution;
[0036] FIG. 5E illustrates another signaling chart for A-IoT inventory procedure in Topology 2 -NAS / UP based solution;
[0037] FIG. 5F illustrates another signaling chart for A-IoT command procedure in Topology 2 -RRC based solution;
[0038] FIG. 6A illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture (direct path) ;
[0039] FIG. 6B illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture in reference point representation (direct path) ;
[0040] FIG. 6C illustrates a protocol Stack between A-IoTF and A-IoT Device for Topology 1 (Direct Path) ;
[0041] FIG. 6D illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture (indirect path via AMF) ;
[0042] FIG. 6E illustrates a non-roaming 5G System architecture in reference point representation (indirect Path via AMF) ;
[0043] FIG. 6F illustrates an example protocol between A-IoTF and A-IoT Device for Topology 1 (indirect Path via AMF) ;
[0044] FIG. 7 illustrates an overall signaling chart of a single reader receiving multiple A-IoT services in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIGS. 8-14 illustrate overall signaling charts of A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 15 illustrates a signaling chart of a reader ID allocation procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIGS. 16-19 illustrate overall signaling charts of A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 20 illustrates a signaling chart of A-IoT assistant information transmission according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIGS. 21-24 illustrate overall signaling charts of A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 25 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a communication device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 26 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a core network (CN) node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0052] FIG. 27 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a radio access network (RAN) node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 28 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a radio access network (RAN) node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0054] FIG. 29 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a core network (CN) node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0055] FIG. 30 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0056] FIG. 31 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a radio access network (RAN) node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0057] FIG. 32 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0058] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0059] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0060] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0061] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0062] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0063] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0064] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0065] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0066] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0067] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0068] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0069] As used herein, the term “inventory” may refer to a service provided by the network to discover and acquire the identifier (s) of A-IoT device (s) .
[0070] As used herein, the term “command” may refer to a service provided by the network to send the operation instruction to the A-IoT device (e.g., read, write, etc. ) .
[0071] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0072] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The communication environment 100 involves one or more A-IoT devices 110 and a plurality of communication devices 120 (such as a communication device 120-1, a communication device 120-2...a communication device 120-N) . Each communication device 120 may serve as a reader of the A-IoT devices 110. The plurality of communication devices 120 may communicate with the A-IoT devices 110, respectively. The communication device 120 may communicate with a radio access network (not shown) or a CN node 130 (also referred to as core network function 130) .
[0073] The A-IoT refers to a new class of IoT devices primarily powered by harvesting ambient energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other viable ambient energy source. The A-IoT device does not need to actively generate a signal but communicates by reflecting electromagnetic waves generated by other devices. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 1, an A-IoT device 110 generally includes an energy harvesting module 112 and a backscattering module 114.
[0074] The A-IoT is an extension of the existing IoT. A-IoT devices carry out many of the same functions as IoT devices and target many of the same use cases but require additional design choices to meet solution demands. By relying on energy harvested from ambient sources, the A-IoT makes it possible to develop lower-cost, smaller, and maintenance-free devices, allowing the IoT to become more scalable in existing use cases and in use cases still to be developed.
[0075] Harvesting energy from ambient sources generates only minimal amounts of power. This creates the inherent requirement for A-IoT devices to be less complex and more power efficient.
[0076] The overall objective is to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for A-IoT to enable the following three types of devices. Three terminologies are used, including a Device Type 1, a Device Type 2a, and a Device Type 2b.
[0077] An IoT device with Device Type 1 has a peak power consumption of about 1 μW, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to l0X ppm, with neither DL nor UL amplification in the IoT device 1. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0078] An IoT device with Device Type 2a has a peak power consumption of less than a few hundred μW, energy storage, an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm, with both DL and / or UL amplification in the IoT device 2a. The device’s UL transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0079] An IoT device with Device Type 2b has a peak power consumption of less than a few hundred μW, energy storage, an initial SFO of up to 10X ppm, with both DL and / or UL amplification in the IoT device 2b. The device’s UL transmission may be generated internally by the device.
[0080] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of Topology 1 for an A-IoT device. As shown in FIG. 2A, a topology 210 includes a base station 212 (also referred to as BS 212) and an A-IoT device 110. In the topology 210, the A-IoT device 110 directly and bidirectionally communicates with the base station 212. The communication between the base station 212 and the A-IoT device 110 includes A-IoT data and / or signaling. The topology 210 includes a possibility that the base station 212 transmits to the A-IoT device 110 is different from the base station 212 receiving from the A-IoT device 110.
[0081] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of Topology 2 for an A-IoT device. As shown in FIG. 2B, a topology 220 includes the base station 212, the A-IoT device 110, and an intermediate node 222. In the topology 220, the A-IoT device 110 communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node 222 between the A-IoT device 110 and the base station 212. In this topology, the intermediate node 222 may be a relay, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc. which is capable of supporting A-IoT. The intermediate node 222 transfers A-IoT data and / or signaling between the base station 212 and the A-IoT device 110.
[0082] The base station 212 in Topology 1 and the intermediate node 222 in Topology 2 serve as a reader of the A-IoT device 110. One deployment scenario includes A-IoT device indoors and base station indoors. The other deployment scenario includes A-IoT device indoors and base station outdoor.
[0083] The above connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks and devices are defined for the purposes of the study. In all these topologies, the A-IoT device 110 may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. The links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0084] Although not shown, there may be multiple BSs, UEs, assisting nodes, or intermediate nodes that could be involved in the topologies, respectively. The mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice. Accounts would need to be taken of potential impact on device or node complexity. In connectivity topologies, this does not imply the existence of multi-hop assisting or intermediate nodes.
[0085] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections in FIGS. 1 to 2B are given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The environment may include any suitable number of devices adapted for implementations of the present disclosure.
[0086] The study of protocol stacks and signaling procedures aims that the design on the A-IoT radio interface between reader and A-IoT device is common for Topology 1 and Topology 2. The difference of topologies is transparent to the A-IoT devices and has no impact on A-IoT devices. Unless explicitly stated, the descriptions below apply to all A-IoT device types and both Topology 1 and Topology 2.
[0087] FIG. 3 illustrates an example AS procedure 300 between the reader 120 and the A-IoT device 110. At Step A, based on the service request, the reader 120 transmits an A-IoT paging message to the A-IoT device 110. The A-IoT paging message indicates that the A-IoT device 110 needs to respond. This step is initiated to establish initial contact and prepare subsequent communication.
[0088] At Step B, the A-IoT device 110 engages in an A-IoT random access procedure to facilitate the D2R data transmission. During this step, the A-IoT device 110 sends data to the reader 120. That is, triggered A-IoT device (s) perform the device identity transmission via the A-IoT random access procedure or without using the A-IoT random access procedure.
[0089] Step C involves two sub-steps for data transmission (e.g., for sending the command, or the corresponding response to command) . At Step C1, the reader 120 initiates R2D data transmission first including, for example, acknowledgments, commands, or other relevant information. At Step C2, the A-IoT device 110 performs another D2R data transmission. This allows the A-IoT device 110 to send any additional data that was not transmitted in Step B or to respond to commands from Step C1.
[0090] Then, the above AS procedure can support indoor inventory and indoor command use cases by the following manners: for the detailed use case of "inventory-only" , it is supported by the procedure with Step A and Step B as baseline; for the detailed use case of "inventory and command" , it is supported by the procedure with Step A, Step B, Step C1 and Step C2, as baseline.
[0091] Note that for the use case of "inventory and command" , it does not imply that the A-IoT paging message includes both the inventory and command and it does not imply the inventory and command are received by the reader at the same time from upper layer.
[0092] For the detailed use case of "command-only" , it can be also supported by the baseline procedure with Step A, Step B, Step C1 and Step C2. In addition, another candidate to support this use case is following: Step A’ : A-IoT paging: based on the service request, the reader sends the A-IoT paging message including the command, indicating device (s) to process / respond the command; Step C2: possible D2R data transmission (e.g., the device identity and / or the corresponding response to command) , via the A-IoT random access procedure or without using the A-IoT random access procedure.
[0093] The following information is considered useful to be visible to the reader from CN: the A-IoT service type (e.g., inventory, command) , whether the service is targeted for one or more than one A-IoT devices, the approximate number of target A-IoT devices of this service.
[0094] Note that it needs to be further discussed whether the above information is mandatory or optional. Furthermore, it needs to be further discussed if more information on command type (e.g. read / write / disable) is useful. The reader needs to know whether a D2R response is expected in D2R direction and, if so, the expected D2R message size. It needs to be further discussed in the details on how the reader gets that information (related to the "expected D2R message size" discussion below) . It needs to be further discussed whether the command type, if needed, is explicit or inferred from the "expected D2R message size" if available.
[0095] In the A-IoT AS layer, the A-IoT paging functionality is to use A-IoT paging message to indicate A-IoT device (s) that need to respond. As to the A-IoT paging message, the identifier may be required to identify the device / group of devices in this trigger message (e.g., for the case of reaching a single or a group of devices) . The following cases are studied: the A-IoT paging message containing an identifier of a single A-IoT device, the A-IoT paging message containing a group identity that maps to multiple A-IoT devices, the A-IoT paging message that does not contain any identifier, i.e., indicating all A-IoT devices that can receive the A-IoT paging message need to respond, the A-IoT paging message containing multiple identifiers of A-IoT devices. The need for this use case is still to be confirmed / dependent according to the conclusion.
[0096] Note that the details of the above identifier and group identity and also the use case / scenario are studied. As to the A-IoT paging message, it can additionally indicate the information from which the A-IoT device (s) can determine the resource (s) to be used for D2R response message (s) .
[0097] FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic diagram of general framework of slotted-ALOHA for A-IoT random access procedure. The A-IoT random access procedure is used for the A-IoT device (s) to access the network for data transmission. The A-IoT random access procedure is triggered by the reader, including triggering the access for a single A-IoT device, group of A-IoT devices, or all A-IoT devices under the coverage of the reader. The slotted-ALOHA is the baseline for A-IoT random access procedure.
[0098] An access occasion refers to an opportunity of time-frequency resource for A-IoT device (s) to perform access (e.g., transmitting the A-IoT Msg1 by the device) . A set of access occasion (s) for different A-IoT device (s) is scheduled via the R2D message by the reader. After the A-IoT device considers the contention resolution as successful if the contention-based random access is used, or if the contention-free access is used, it may perform the upper layer data transmission with the reader, which can be the device identity and / or any other upper layer data, if any.
[0099] The following attempts to identify and describe architectural elements necessary to define a radio access network (RAN) architecture for support of A-IoT embedded in the overall 5G system architecture in support of topology 1 and topology 2. The following also attempts to identify a functional split between RAN and CN. The logical system architecture for A-IoT consists of the following architectural elements.
[0100] A-IoT device refers to equipment with characteristics outlined e.g., in TS 22.369 and TR 38.848 of 3GPP specifications. A-IoT RAN hosts certain functions for A-IoT as part of the functional in RAN. A-IoT radio refers to the radio interface between A-IoT device and A-IoT RAN node in Topology 1 and between A-IoT device and A-IoT-enabled UE in Topology 2. A-IoT CN hosts certain functions for A-IoT as of the functional in CN.
[0101] XX interface refers to interface between the A-IoT RAN / A-IoT-enabled gNB and the A-IoT CN on which certain A-IoT specific functions are performed. XX interface is NG interface, and next generation application protocol (NGAP) is used between A-IoT RAN and A-IoT CN. Note that how the functions represented by the XX interfaces are defined in various solutions and A-IoT CN topologies (direct / indirect connection between A-IoT RAN and a core network function for A-IoT, referred to as A-IoT function, A-IoTF) .
[0102] Common reader function refers to a function that communicates with the A-IoT device by means of A-IoT radio. The A-IoT RAN node function refers to a function that contains e.g., the control of the A-IoT radio resources used towards the A-IoT device.
[0103] FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic diagram of a logical system architecture 400A for Topology 1. The architecture 400A involves the A-IoT device 110, an A-IoT RAN node 410 and the A-IoT CN node 130. A common reader function 410-1 and an A-IoT RAN node function 410-2 are deployed within the A-IoT RAN node 410. The common reader function 410-1 may communicate with the A-IoT device 110 by means of A-IoT radio. The A-IoT RAN node 410 may communicate with the A-IoT CN node 130 via XX interface. In Topology 1, the XX interface could be based on NG or a new interface carried over NG or a new interface. Not that for Topology 1, architecture and protocol aspects of split RAN architecture are not studied. In Topology 1, the XX interface is the NG-C interface.
[0104] FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic diagram of a protocol stack for Topology 1. For Topology 1, the XXAP is terminated at an A-IoT RAN node. Note that whether "XXAP" is realized by including A-IoTF information in NGAP or by carrying a new protocol layer over NGAP, needs further discussion and decision. Note that the A-IoT CN may include AMF and / or A-IoTF (which is a dedicated core network function for the A-IoT service) .
[0105] FIG. 4C illustrates a schematic diagram of a logical system architecture 400C for Topology 2. The architecture 400C involves the A-IoT device 110, an A-IoT enabled UE 420, an A-IoT enabled gNB 430 and the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 may be a gNB supporting A-IoT RAN node function, which is able to communicate with the A-IoT enabled UE 420 via NR Uu interface. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 may be a UE supporting common reader function, which is able to communicate with the A-IoT device 110 via the A-IoT radio interface.
[0106] As shown in FIG. 4C, a common reader function 420-1 is located at the A-IoT enabled UE 420, and an A-IoT RAN node function 430-1 is deployed within the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The common reader function 420-1 may communicate with the A-IoT device 305 by means of A-IoT radio. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 may communicate with the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 via NR Uu interface. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 may communicate with the A-IoT CN node 320 via XX interface.
[0107] Note that FIG. 4C does not illustrate the protocol between A-IoT enabled UE and A-IoT CN, if needed. The A-IoT CN may include AMF, user plane function (UPF) and / or A-IoTF.
[0108] For Topology 2, architecture and protocol aspects of split RAN architecture are not studied. In Topology 2, the RAN architecture should enable the coordination of the usage of the A-IoT radio resources among readers. An A-IoT enabled gNB could support both Topology 1 and Topology 2, this is an implementation matter.
[0109] To support Topology 2, the following solutions are to be studied for conveying A-IoT upper layer information. For RRC based solution, the A-IoT CN node applies A-IoT upper layer information explicitly over XXAP signaling. A-IoT upper layer information is then relayed explicitly to / from the A-IoT enabled UE via NR Uu RRC. For (non-access stratum) NAS based solution, there is no explicit termination of A-IoT upper layer information at A-IoT enabled gNB. A-IoT upper layer information is transmitted over A-IoT enabled UE′s NAS. For UP based solution, there is no explicit termination of A-IoT upper layer information at A-IoT enabled gNB. A-IoT upper layer information is transmitted as A-IoT enabled UE′s user plane data. It is noted that the protocol stack for each solution option does not illustrate A-IoT CN internal architecture and how A-IoT upper layer information is transported, if any.
[0110] FIG. 4D illustrates a schematic diagram of an RRC based solution for Topology 2. Upon receiving XXAP, i.e., an A-IoT related message, from the A-IoT CN node, the A-IoT enabled gNB transmits the related information towards the A-IoT enabled UE via NR Uu RRC, and vice versa. In this solution, XX interface is NG-C interface. Note that whether "XXAP" is realized by including A-IoTF information in NGAP or by carrying a new protocol layer over NGAP, needs further discussion and decision.
[0111] FIG. 4E illustrates a schematic diagram of a NAS based solution for Topology 2. The A-IoT related messages between an A-IoT Function (A-IoT) and the A-IoT enabled UE are carried via A-IoT enabled UE’s DL / UL NAS packets, the A-IoT enabled gNB handles the A-IoT enabled UE’s NAS packets as legacy, i.e., using DL NAS Transport and UL NAS Transport procedures over NGAP.
[0112] There are different ways discussed to achieve A-IoT radio resource coordination and allocation. FIG. 4F illustrates one candidate solution to support A-IoT session resource control for the UP based solution by utilizing XXAP between A-IoT CN node and A-IoT enabled gNB for resource control.
[0113] Not that the A-IoT related messages between the A-IoTF and the A-IoT-enabled UE are carried via A-IoT-enabled UE’s PDU Session, the A-IoT-enabled gNB handles the A-IoT-enabled UE’s user plane data as legacy, i.e., over NG-U GTP-U tunnels.
[0114] FIG. 4G illustrates a schematic diagram of one candidate solution of resource control for UP based solution of Topology 2. For the UP based solution there are other candidate solutions discussed (e.g., A-IoT enabled UE request-based resource allocation) described below which might not need this additional protocol layer protocol layer (XXAP) for resource allocation.
[0115] An inventory may be sent by the A-IoT CN node for a single A-IoT device, or a group of A-IoT devices, or all A-IoT devices. The inventory request from the A-IoT CN node to the A-IoT RAN node may include an A-IoT Device Identification (to find a single device, a group of devices, or all devices) . For Topology 1, A-IoT RAN node needs to store the A-IoT Device Identification received from the inventory request. The inventory request may further include a scope of inventory request (e.g., a certain area in which the inventory is to be triggered) . Multiple individual A-IoT Device IDs (one device identity per device) can be provided to the A-IoT CN node via a single inventory Report.
[0116] A command can be sent by the A-IoT CN node for a single device. For Topology 1, A-IoT RAN node should be able to differentiate between command and inventory. In some examples, a command may be performed for a group of A-IoT devices.
[0117] In NAS / UP based solutions, there are different ways to trigger A-IoT session resource allocation, upon CN request or upon UE request. A-IoT session resources can be requested by the A-IoT CN node in advance or in parallel to the NAS / UP based communication with the A-IoT device.
[0118] FIG. 5A illustrates a message flow 500A for A-IoT inventory in Topology 1. The signaling chart 500A involves the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT RAN node 410 and the A-IoT CN node 130. At Step 502, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends an inventory request message to the A-IoT RAN node 410, taking into account, among others, the A-IoT transaction scope. At Step 504, the A-IoT RAN node 410 allocates and coordinates the usage of A-IoT radio resources. At Step 506, the A-IoT RAN node 410 sends an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. Optionally, the A-IoT RAN node 410 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the A-IoT device (s) 110.
[0119] At Step 508, the A-IoT RAN node 410 performs the inventory procedure towards the A-IoT device (s) 110 over the A-IoT radio interface. At Steps 510 and 512, after receiving the inventory result from the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT RAN node 410 may send one or more inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result. Optionally, Steps 510 and 512 may happen in parallel with Step 508 for different A-IoT devices.
[0120] FIG. 5B illustrates a signaling chart 500B for A-IoT command in Topology 1. The signaling chart 500B involves the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT RAN node 410 and the A-IoT CN node 130. At Step 514, the inventory procedures are performed, which are the same as Steps 502 to 512 in FIG. 5A. At Step 516, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends a command request message to the A-IoT RAN node 410. At Step 518, the A-IoT RAN node 410 coordinates the usage of A-IoT radio resources and allocates A-IoT radio resources for the A-IoT command session.
[0121] At Step 520, the A-IoT RAN node 410 performs A-IoT command procedures towards the A-IoT device 110 over the A-IoT radio interface. At Step 522, the A-IoT RAN node 410 sends a command response message to the A-IoT CN node 130, if any command result is received from the A-IoT device 110, the A-IoT RAN node 410 may include the command result in the command response message. Optionally, the A-IoT RAN node 410 may instead send a command failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the command procedure has failed.
[0122] FIG. 5C illustrates a signaling chart 500C for A-IoT inventory in Topology 2 -RRC based solution. The signaling chart 500C involves the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 and the A-IoT CN node 130. At Step 524, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends an inventory request message to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. At Step 526, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 allocates and coordinates usage of A-IoT radio resources. At Steps 528 and 530, RRC communication with the A-IoT enabled UE 420 takes place. At Step 532, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 sends an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. Optionally, at Step 532, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the A-IoT device (s) 110.
[0123] At Step 534, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 requests the A-IoT enabled UE (s) 420 to trigger inventory procedure towards the A-IoT device (s) 110. At Steps 536 to 542, after receiving inventory results reported from the A-IoT enabled UEs 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 may send one or more inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result. Optionally, Steps 536 to 542 may happen in parallel with Step 534 for different A-IoT devices.
[0124] FIG. 5D illustrates a signaling chart 500D for A-IoT inventory in Topology 2 -NAS / UP based solution. The signaling chart 500D involves the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 and the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 triggers A-IoT session resource allocation. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives the request to establish A-IoT session resources by the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0125] Specifically, at Step 544, the A-IoT CN node 130 requests A-IoT session resources. At Step 546, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates A-IoT radio resources and allocates A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420 accordingly. At Step 546, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 confirms the request for A-IoT session resources. Optionally, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 can reject the request for A-IoT session resource.
[0126] At Step 550, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends an inventory request message to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. At Step 552, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 sends an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. Optionally, the A-IoT enabled UE may instead fail the inventory request. At Step 554, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 performs the inventory procedure towards the A-IoT device (s) 110. At Steps 556 and 558, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 may send one or more inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result. Optionally, Steps 556 and 558 may happen in parallel with Step 554 for different A-IoT devices.
[0127] FIG. 5E illustrates a signaling chart 500E for A-IoT inventory in Topology 2 -NAS / UP based solution. The signaling chart 500E involves the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 and the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 triggers A-IoT session resource allocation. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives the request to establish A-IoT session resources by the A-IoT enabled UE 420. Additional means to enable the A-IoT CN node 130 to provide A-IoT session related information directly to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 (not shown in FIG. 5E) may be needed.
[0128] Specifically, at Step 560, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends an inventory request message to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. At Step 562, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 request A-IoT radio resources from the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. At Step 564, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates A-IoT radio resources and allocates A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420 accordingly. At Step 566, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 responds to the A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. Optionally, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 can reject the A-IoT radio resource request.
[0129] At Step 568, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 sends an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. Optionally, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the A-IoT device (s) 110, and the procedure ends.
[0130] At Step 570, the A-IoT enabled UE (s) 420 performs the inventory procedure towards the A-IoT device (s) 110 over the A-IoT radio interface. At Steps 572 and 574, after receiving inventory result reported from the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 may send one or more inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result. Optionally, Steps 572 and 574 may happen in parallel with Step 570 for different A-IoT devices.
[0131] FIG. 5F illustrates another signaling chart 500F for A-IoT command in Topology 2 -RRC based solution. The signaling chart 500F involves the A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 and the A-IoT CN node 130. At Step 576, the inventory procedures are performed, which are the same as Steps 524 to 542 in FIG. 5C.
[0132] At Step 578, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends a command request message to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. At Step 580, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates A-IoT radio resources and allocates A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420 accordingly. At Step 582, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 sends an RRC command request message to the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0133] At Step 584, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 performs A-IoT command procedures at A-IoT interface towards the A-IoT device 110 over the A-IoT radio interface. At Step 586, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 sends a command response message to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, if the command result is received from the A-IoT device 110, and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 may include the command result in the command response message.
[0134] At Step 588, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 sends a command response message to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include the command result in the command response message, if any. Optionally, at Step 588, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 may instead send a command failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the command procedure is failed towards the A-IoT device 110.
[0135] The A-IoT command procedure also applies to the NAS / UP based solutions, and the A-IoT command procedure signaling is exchanged between the A-IoT enabled UE 420 and the A-IoT over UE's NAS / PDU session. The A-IoT session resource allocation steps described in FIGS. 5D and 5E are also applicable to this procedure in FIG. 5F.
[0136] The principles and aspects below are agreed to support Topology 1. The new core network function (A-IoTF) is introduced to support A-IoT functionality with the following features for Topology 1. Requests that trigger BS Reader (s) are sent (via A-IoT RAN) to perform A-IoT operations, either directly or via an AMF. Note that NGAP is used when the A-IoTF directly communicates with the A-IoT RAN (i.e. over the Nx reference point) or indirect communication with A-IoT RAN via an AMF (i.e. over the N2 reference point) .
[0137] FIG. 6A illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture (direct path) . When an A-IoT RAN and the A-IoTF communicate directly, the A-IoTF communicates with an A-IoT RAN via a direct interface reference point Nx. FIG. 6A shows the aspects related to Topology 1 (direct path) architecture in reference point representation architecture with other NFs removed.
[0138] FIG. 6B illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture in reference point representation (direct path) . FIG. 6B shows the aspects related to Topology 1 (direct path) architecture in reference point representation with other NFs removed. Note that NGAP used over Nx reference point would support procedures and information to be exchanged as specified by RAN WG2, RAN WG3 and SA WG2. The protocol stack used between the A-IoTF and the A-IoT RAN would be concluded by RAN WG3.
[0139] FIG. 6C illustrates a protocol Stack between A-IoTF and A-IoT Device for Topology 1 (direct path) . FIG. 6C shows the aspects related to Topology 1 (direct path) protocol stack between the A-IoT RAN and A-IoTF. Note that whether A-IoT Reader Control is transported by NGAP or is part of the NGAP protocol would be determined by RAN WG3.
[0140] When A-IoT RAN and the A-IoTF communicate indirectly via an AMF, the A-IoTF connects with A-IoT RAN via an AMF. NGAP over the N2 reference point between the A-IoT RAN and AMF supports Ambient IoT services including delivery of inventory / command messages. If network isolation is required, an AMF instance is deployed to support the A-IoTF communication with A-IoT RAN. NGAP between A-IoT RAN and the AMF is enhanced to support Ambient IoT Services. The details of the enhancements would be concluded by RAN WG3.
[0141] The AMF shall be enhanced to support the following. On the Nz reference point, the AMF supports Services which are used by an A-IoTF for Ambient IoT Operations e.g. to send A-IoT requests towards A-IoT RAN and to receive A-IoT responses from the A-IoT RAN. On the N2 reference point, the AMF supports sending A-IoT information to the A-IoT RAN (e.g. operation requests) and receiving responses from the A-IoT RAN.
[0142] The AMF routes the A-IoT messages between the A-IoT RAN (over N2 reference point) and the A-IoTF (over Nz reference point) . Note that whether to enhance an existing service or define a new service would be determined in the normative phase.
[0143] FIG. 6D illustrates a non-roaming 5G system architecture (indirect path via AMF) . FIG. 6D shows the aspects related to Topology 1 (indirect path via AMF) architecture in reference point representation with other NFs removed. FIG. 6E illustrates a non-roaming 5G System architecture in reference point representation (indirect Path via AMF) . FIG. 6E shows the aspects related to Topology 1 (indirect Path via AMF) architecture in reference point representation with other NFs removed.
[0144] FIG. 6F illustrates an example protocol between A-IoTF and A-IoT Device for Topology 1 (indirect Path via AMF) . FIG. 6F shows the aspects related to Topology 1 (indirect path via AMF) protocol stack between A-IoT RAN and A-IoTF. A-IoT Data represents information exchanged between the A-IoT Device and AF (application specific content) and A-IoT Reader Control represents the requests and responses between the A-IoTF and A-IoT RAN. Note that whether A-IoT Reader Control is transported by NGAP or is part of the NGAP protocol would be determined by RAN WG3.
[0145] Currently, the same reader is capable of supporting only one A-IoT service at a time, and the behavior of multiple requests being received in parallel needs to be further studied. There are three main problems related to the multiple A-IoT services. First, the reader may receive a new A-IoT service request while already handling an ongoing A-IoT service. However, the reader does not support parallel A-IoT services. This issue needs to be resolved. Second, for topology 2, the allocation of reader IDs and the method of using the reader IDs need further discussion. Third, for topology 2, the method for transmitting A-IoT assistance information at the RAN side is unclear and needs clarification.
[0146] In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for enhancement of multiple A-IoT services at the same reader. According to the present disclosure, in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing, a communication device receives, from a RAN node or a CN node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device; the communication device determines whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; the communication device transmits, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0147] In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for UE reader ID allocation. According to the present disclosure, a RAN node determines that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device; the RAN node determines a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device; the RAN node transmits the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service.
[0148] In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for A-IoT assistant information transmission for topology 2. According to the present disclosure, a CN node transmits, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader.
[0149] Based on the solutions provided in the present disclosure, the signaling between the A-IoT devices and the network devices may be reduced, and the efficiency may be improved. Besides, the UE reader IDs may be allocated between the readers and the network device. Furthermore, the assistance information may be provided to the A-IoT devices and the network devices in order to assistant the A-IoT services.
[0150] Reference is made to FIG. 7, which illustrates an overall signaling chart 700 of a single reader receiving multiple A-IoT services in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 700 involves a communication device 710, a RAN node 720, and an A-IoT CN node 130. In some examples embodiments of Topology 1, the communication device 710 may be or be included in an A-IoT RAN node including a reader. In some examples embodiments of Topology 2, the communication device 710 may be an A-IoT enabled UE including a reader, and the RAN node 720 may be an A-IoT enabled gNB serving the communication device 710.
[0151] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 may receive a capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel from the communication device 710. For example, in Topology 1, the A-IoT CN node 130 may receive the capability from the RAN node including a reader. Alternatively, in Topology 2, the A-IoT CN node 130 may receive the capability from the terminal device.
[0152] For example, the capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services may be a Boolean variable which includes a single bit indicating true or false of the capability. If the value is true, it may indicate that the communication device 710 may support more than one A-IoT service. Conversely, if the value is false, it may indicate that the communication device 710 may support only one A-IoT service at a time.
[0153] For another example, the capability may be a specific number X indicating that the communication device 710 may support X numbers of the A-IoT services at a time.
[0154] The communication device 710, the RAN node 720 and the A-IoT CN node 130 may process (702) a first A-IoT service. During the processing of the first A-IoT service the RAN node 720 may transmit (704) a service request for a second A-IoT service. The service request includes an identity (ID) of the second A-IoT service and a reader ID for the communication device. Correspondingly, the communication device 710 may receive (706) the service request for the second A-IoT service from the RAN node 720.
[0155] Alternatively, the A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit (708) the service request for the second A-IoT service to the communication device 710. Correspondingly, the communication device 710 may receive (712) the service request from the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0156] In some embodiments of Topology 1, the communication device 710 may be or be included in an A-IoT RAN node including a reader, and the service request may include an inventory request or a command request or a command request received from the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0157] For example, in Topology 1, the communication device 710 may be or be included in an A-IoT RAN node including a reader. The A-IoT CN node 720 may transmit an inventory request or a service request to the communication device 710. The inventory request or service request may include a correlation ID and a reader ID. The correlation ID of an incoming A-IoT service may differ from an ongoing A-IoT service and the reader ID of the incoming A-IoT service is same as the ongoing A-IoT service.
[0158] In some embodiments of Topology 2, the communication device 710 may be a terminal device, and the service request for the second A-IoT service may include an inventory request or a command request received from the RAN node 720 serving the terminal device or the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0159] For example, in Topology 2, the communication device 710 may be an A-IoT enabled UE including a reader, and the RAN node 720 may be an A-IoT enabled gNB serving the communication device 710. The RAN node 720 may transmit a RRC inventory request or service request to the communication device 710. The RRC inventory request or service request may include a correlation ID and a reader ID. The correlation ID of an incoming A-IoT service may differ from an ongoing A-IoT service and the reader ID of the incoming A-IoT service is same as the ongoing A-IoT service.
[0160] Alternatively, or in addition, in Topology 2, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (714) the service request for the second A-IoT service to the RAN node 720, The service request includes an identity (ID) of the second A-IoT service and a reader ID for the communication device. Correspondingly, the RAN node 720 receives (716) the service request form the A-IoT CN node.
[0161] Upon receiving the service request from the RAN node 720 or the A-IoT CN node 130, the communication device 710 determines (718) whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel. In other words, the communication device 710 may determine whether the second A-IoT service fails or succeeds.
[0162] In some embodiments, if the ID of the second of the second A-IoT service is different from an ID of the first A-IoT service and the reader ID for the second A-IoT service is the same as a reader ID for the first A-IoT service, the communication device 710 may determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted.
[0163] For example, if the ID of the second of the second A-IoT service is different from an ID of the first A-IoT service and the reader ID for the second A-IoT service is the same as a reader ID for the first A-IoT service, and if the capability of the communication device 710 does not support multiple A-IoT services in parallel, the communication device 710 may reject the second A-IoT service.
[0164] Additionally, in some embodiments, the communication device 710 may determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.
[0165] In some embodiments, based on a capability of supporting one A-IoT service at a time the communication device 710 may determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected if the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service. Alternatively, based on a capability of supporting one A-IoT service at a time the communication device 710 may determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted if the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service.
[0166] For example, the communication device 710 may decide whether to reject or fail the new coming A-IoT service or not based on the new coming latency requirement. If the latency requirement is met, the communication device 710 may accept the new coming A-IoT service. This case means that there is no latency requirement or the latency requirement requires a relevant long time latency, or the ongoing A-IoT service is about to finish. Alternatively, if the latency requirement is not met, the communication device 710 may reject the new coming A-IoT service. This case means that the latency requirement is strict or a long waiting time for the ongoing A-IoT service is passed.
[0167] Alternatively, or in addition, in Topology 2, upon receiving the service request from the A-IoT CN node 130, the RAN node 720 determines (722) whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel. In other words, in Topology 2, the RAN node 720 may determine whether the second A-IoT service fails or succeeds.
[0168] Additionally, in some embodiments, in Topology 2, the RAN node 720 may receive at least one of an ID of the first A-IoT service and a reader ID of the reader from the communication device 710. Alternatively, the reader ID and / or ID of the first A-IoT service may be visible to the RAN node 720 within the inventory request or A-IoT session resource request message. The RAN node 720 may establish a context for the communication device 710 based on the at least one of the ID of the first A-IoT service and the reader ID of the reader. Then the RAN node 720 may determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on the established context.
[0169] For example, in Topology 2, the communication device 710 may indicate the RAN node 720 a correlation ID, a session ID and / or the reader ID corresponding to the first A-IoT service, in order to help the RAN node 720 to establish the context. If the correlation ID, the session ID and / or the reader ID corresponding to the first A-IoT service is present in the context, it may indicate that the communication device 710 is currently performing the first A-IoT service, and the RAN node 720 may determine to rejected the second A-IoT service.
[0170] In such examples, the resource allocation may be avoided due to rejecting the second A-IoT service directly by the RAN node 720. There may be no further signaling exchanged between the communication device 710 and the RAN node 720 regarding the second A-IoT service. Thereby the signaling and resource overhead may be reduced.
[0171] Based on the determination that whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted, the communication device 710 may transmit (724) a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service to the RAN node 720. Correspondingly, the RAN node 720 may receive (726) the service response from the communication device 710. In some embodiments, the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service may include an inventory response or a command response.
[0172] Alternatively, based on the determination that whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted, the communication device 710 may transmit (728) the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service to the A-IoT CN node 130. Correspondingly, the A-IoT CN node 130 may receive (732) the service response from the communication device. In some embodiments, the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service may include an inventory response or a command response.
[0173] For example, in topology 2, that the second A-IoT service is rejected and the RAN node 720 has allocate resources for the second A-IoT service before the second A-IoT service being rejected, the RAN node 720 may release the allocated resources upon the second A-IoT service being rejected.
[0174] Alternatively, or in addition, in Topology 2, based on the determination that whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted, the RAN node 720 transmits (734) the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service to the A-IoT CN node 130. Correspondingly, the A-IoT CN node 130 receives (736) the service response from the RAN node 720. In some embodiments, the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service may include an inventory response or a command response.
[0175] In some embodiments, the service response may include at least one of: a reader ID for the communication device 710, or the ID of the second A-IoT service.
[0176] In some embodiments, if the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response may include a cause value. The cause value may indicate one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the communication device 710, that the reader of the communication device 710 is not available, or that the latency requirement is not satisfied.
[0177] For example, in the Topology 2 RRC-based solution, if the response is transmitted by the communication device 710, the cause value may be included in an RRC inventory message and / or a next generation application protocol (NG-AP) inventory failure message. In the Topology 2 NAS / UPF-based solution, ifthe response is transmitted by the RAN node 720, the cause value may be included in an A-IoT reader control layer signaling and / or an A-IoT NAS layer signaling.
[0178] Alternatively, in the Topology 2 RRC-based solution, if the response is transmitted by the RAN node 720, the cause value may be included in an inventory failure response. In the Topology 2 NAS / UPF-based solution, if the response is transmitted by the RAN node 720, the cause value may be included in an A-IoT session resource response message and / or an A-IoT session resource failure message.
[0179] In some embodiments, if the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response may further include at least one of: an inventory failure message or an inventory failure transfer field of the inventory failure message.
[0180] For example, the inventory failure message transmitted from the RAN node 720 may be as follows: 9.2. x. 3 INVENTORY FAILURE This message is sent by the NG-RAN node to report the unsuccessful outcome of the request from the INVENTORY REQUEST message. Direction: NG-RAN node → A-IoT CN node Table 1: Inventory Failure Message
[0181] For example, the inventory failure message transmitted from the RAN node 720 may include an inventory failure transfer field as follows: 9.3. x. 3 Inventory Failure Transfer This IE provide the inventory failure related information from the NG-RAN node to the A-iSOFT. In indirect communication, this IE is transparent to the AMF. Table 2: Inventory Failure Transfer Field
[0182] For example, the reason of the failure may be indicated by the cause value transmitted by a cause IE to indicated the particular event for the NG-AP protocol. The cause IE may be as follows: 9.3.1.2 Cause The purpose of the Cause IE is to indicate the reason for a particular event for the NGAP protocol. Table 3: Cause IE
[0183] The new IE type A-IoT reader is not available may be a radio network layer cause. The meaning of the IE may be as follows: Table 4: Meaning of the IE
[0184] In some embodiments, the rejection of the new A-IoT service may have some impacts on the communication specifications for A-IoT, an example of which is as follows: Table 5: Example Reader Behaviors
[0185] The solutions provided herein may cause impact on 38.300 as follows: For topology 1, the A-IoT reader only support one A-IoT service at a time, and the A-IoT enabled gNB will reject other configured A-IoT services if the target reader is performing A-IoT services. For topology 2, the A-IoT UE reader only support one A-IoT service at a time, and the A-IoT enabled UE will reject other configured A-IoT services if the target UE reader is performing A-IoT services. For topology 2, the A-IoT UE reader only support one A-IoT service at a time, and the A-IoT enabled gNB will reject other configured A-IoT services if the target UE reader is performing A-IoT services.
[0186] It should be noted that the service response indicating failure of the second A-IoT service may be caused by other reasons. For example, if the second A-IoT service is not correctly configured to the communication device 710 or the RAN node 720, or the signaling is not decoded correctly by the communication device 710 or the RAN node 720, the communication device 710 or the RAN node 720 may transmit the service response indicating failure of the second A-IoT service.
[0187] It should be noted that in Topology 2, ifthe communication device 710 and the RAN node 720 both receive the service request, they may determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted separately. Therefore, signaling between the RAN node 720 and the communication device 710 may be avoided. Although shown in FIG. 7 with an order that the communication device 710 may determine and transmit the response before the RAN node 720, the actual order may be different from FIG. 7.
[0188] In some embodiments, in Topology 2, if the previous first A-IoT service is completed, the communication device 710 may transmit to the RAN node 720 at least one of: a resource release indication to release a resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, a resource update indication to update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, a service completion indication of the first A-IoT service to indicate the RAN node 720 to release or update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, an inventory report associated with the first A-IoT service including an indication of a last inventory report for the first A-IoT service to indicate the RAN node 720 to release or update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service.
[0189] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 may support more than one A-IoT service in parallel. If a second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is the same or at least partially overlaps with a first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, the communication device 710 may determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected. Alternatively, if the second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is different from the first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, the communication device 710 may determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted.
[0190] In some embodiments, the group of A-IoT devices may be also referred to as a list of A-IoT devices or a list of target A-IoT devices.
[0191] For example, in both Topology 1 and Topology 2, the reader of the communication device 710 may support multiple A-IoT procedure at a time. When the reader of the communication device 710 is performing a service (e.g., inventory and / or command) and a new service (e.g., inventory request or command request) arrives at the communication device 710, the communication device 710 may determine to reject or accepted the new service request. For example, if the target device (s) corresponding to the service request is the same or partially overlapping, the communication device 710 may reject the new service request. For another example, ifthe target device (s) is different, the communication device 710 may determine to accept the new service request.
[0192] Additionally, in some embodiments, the service request may include at least one of:respective IDs identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group, or a group ID or a filter for the second group of A-IoT devices. The communication device 710 may determine that the second group of target A-IoT devices is different from the first group of A-IoT devices based on at least one of: that respective IDs identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group is at least partially different from respective IDs identifying the A-IoT devices in the first group, or that the group ID or the filter for the second group of A-IoT devices is different from a group ID or a filter for the first group of A-IoT devices.
[0193] For example, ifthe respective IDs of the target device (s) included in the service request or the group ID or the filter (e.g., a mask to the second group of A-IoT devices) is different from a group ID or a filter for the first group of A-IoT devices, the communication device 710 may determine that the second group of target A-IoT devices is different from the first group of A-IoT devices. Additionally, if the target device (s) is partially overlapping, the reader of the communication device 710 may provide the A-IoT services to the non-overlapping target device (s) , and wait for the ongoing services finished before providing the A-IoT services to the overlapping target device (s) . Optionally, all of the target devices may start to perform the A-IoT services at the same time after the A-IoT services are allocated.
[0194] Additionally, in Topology 2, the communication device 710 may update the allocated resource for the reader to support the new A-IoT service. If the resource allocation failed, the new A-IoT service may also be rejected by the communication device 710 or the RAN node 720. The service response may include a cause value indicating that resource allocation failed.
[0195] In some embodiments, the service request and the service response may include more than one second A-IoT service for a same reader of the communication device 710.
[0196] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 may transmit an inventory report to the RAN node 720 or the A-IoT CN node 130. The inventory report may include A-IoT data for a plurality of A-IoT services for at least one reader, and the A-IoT data for an A-IoT service may be associated with a reader ID of a corresponding reader and an ID of a corresponding A-IoT service.
[0197] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 may transmit the capability for support one or more A-IoT services in parallel to the A-IoT CN node 130. For example, the UE reader in Topology 1 or the RAN reader in Topology 2 may report the capability for support multiple A-IoT services or not to the A-IoT CN node 130, and the A-IoT CN node 130 may determine to transmit one or more than one A-IoT services to the same reader.
[0198] FIG. 8 illustrates an overall signaling chart 800 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in Topology 1 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, an A-IoT RAN node 410, and an A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT RAN node 410 includes one or more readers, and each reader supports an A-IoT service at a time.
[0199] In the signaling flow 800, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT RAN node 410. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (802) an inventory request or a command request to the A-IoT RAN node 410 for a new A-IoT service towards a same reader as the on-going A-IoT service.
[0200] The A-IoT RAN node 410 receives (804) the inventory request or the command request. Since there is an on-going A-IoT service, the A-IoT RAN node 410 may reject the new A-IoT service. Then the A-IoT RAN node 410 transmits (806) an inventory response or a command response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (808) the inventory response or the command response to indicate that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0201] FIG. 9 illustrates an overall signaling chart 900 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in Topology 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure where the RRC based solution is applied and the A-IoT enabled UE rejects the new coming A-IoT service. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 900 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, an A-IoT enabled UE 420, an A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader and supports an A-IoT service at a time.
[0202] In the signaling flow 900, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (902) to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 a XX inventory request for a new A-IoT service towards the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0203] The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (904) the XX inventory request, then allocates or coordinates (906) A-IoT resources. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (908) a RRC inventory request to the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0204] The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (912) the RRC inventory request and then transmits (914) a RRC inventory response to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 (916) receives the RRC inventory response which indicates that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0205] The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 releases (918) resource and then transmits (922) the RRC inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (924) the RRC inventory response which indicates that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0206] FIG. 10 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1000 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in Topology 2 according to some further example embodiments of the present disclosure where the NAS / UPF based solution is applied and the A-IoT enabled UE rejects the new coming A-IoT service. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1000 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader and supports an A-IoT service at a time.
[0207] In the signaling flow 1000, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1002) an inventory request for a new A-IoT service towards the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0208] The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1004) the inventory request. Then the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1006) an inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1008) the inventory response which indicates that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0209] FIG. 11 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1100 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in Topology 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure where the RRC based solution is applied and the A-IoT enabled gNB rejects the new coming A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1100 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader and supports an A-IoT service at a time.
[0210] In the signaling flow 1100, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1102) to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 an inventory request for a new A-IoT service towards the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0211] The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1104) the inventory request. Then the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 detects (1106) that the A-IoT enabled UE 420 has an ongoing service. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1108) the inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1112) the inventory response which indicates that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0212] FIG. 12 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1200 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in Topology 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure wherein the NAS / UPF based solution and A-IoT enabled gNB reject the new coming A-IoT service. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader and supports an A-IoT service at a time.
[0213] In the signaling flow 1200, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1202) , to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, a resource request for a new A-IoT service towards the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0214] The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1204) the resource request. Then the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 detects (1206) that the A-IoT enabled UE 420 has an ongoing service. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1208) a resource response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1212) the resource response to indicate that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0215] FIG. 13 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1300 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in the Topology 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure where the NAS / UPF based solution is applied and both A-IoT enabled gNB and A-IoT enabled UE reject the new coming A-IoT service. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader and supports an A-IoT service at a time.
[0216] In the signaling flow 1300, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1302) an inventory request, to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, for a new A-IoT service towards the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0217] The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1304) the inventory request. Then the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 detects (1306) that the A-IoT enabled UE 420 has an ongoing service. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1308) an inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1312) the inventory response which indicates that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0218] Then, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1314) an inventory request for a new A-IoT service. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1316) the inventory request, and then transmits (1318) an inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130, which may include a rejection or failure reason. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1322) the inventory response which indicates that the new A-IoT service is rejected or failed.
[0219] FIG. 14 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1400 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in the Topology 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure where the NAS / UPF based solution is applied. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0220] In the signaling flow 1400, it is assumed that there is an ongoing A-IoT service for the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1402) , to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, a resource request for a new A-IoT service towards the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0221] The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1404) the resource request. Then the A-IoT enabled UE 420 and the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 allocate or coordinate (1406) A-IoT radio resources. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1408) a resource response to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1412) the resource response. Then, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1414) an inventory response to the A-IoT enabled UE 420.
[0222] The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1416) the inventory response and then transmits (1418) an inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1422) the inventory response.
[0223] Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1424) a resource release indication, a service finish indication, or an inventory failure to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1426) the resource release indication, the service finish indication, or the inventory failure.
[0224] Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1428) an inventory report with a last inventory report indication to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1432) the inventory report with the last inventory report indication. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 updates or releases (1434) the resource.
[0225] FIG. 15 illustrates a signaling chart 1500 of a reader ID allocation procedure in Topology 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling chart 1500 involves a terminal device 1510, a RAN node 720, and an A-IoT CN node 130. In the signaling chart 1500, the terminal device 1510 includes a reader.
[0226] It is to be understood that the number of terminal devices 1510 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The environment may include any suitable number of terminal devices 1510 adapted for implementations of the present disclosure.
[0227] The RAN node 720 determines (1502) that an A-IoT service is to be triggered for a terminal device 1510.
[0228] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device 1510 by receiving, from the A-IoT CN node 130, a first inventory request for the terminal device 1510.
[0229] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device 1510 by receiving, from the A-IoT CN node 130 or from the terminal device 1510, a resource request for the A-IoT service of the terminal device 1510.
[0230] The RAN node 720 determines (1504) a UE ID or a reader ID for the terminal device 1510. The UE ID identifies the terminal device 1510, and the reader ID identifies a reader of the terminal device 1510.
[0231] In some embodiments, the reader ID identifying the reader of the terminal device 1510 may include an ID identifying the RAN node 720 and an index allocated for the reader of the terminal device 1510.
[0232] For example, the reader ID may include a global gNB ID and an index. The index may be determined by the RAN node 720. For example, the index may be a small range of number e.g., 0 -32 or 0 -16.
[0233] Alternatively, when being transmitted to the A-IoT CN node 130, the reader ID may be only the index since the A-IoT CN node 130 may already know the global gNB ID of the A-IoT enabled gNB. Optionally, the A-IoT CN node 130 may store the full reader ID including the global gNB ID and the index.
[0234] Additionally, the index allocated for the reader of the terminal device 1510 may be selected from one of: an index pool shared between readers of terminal devices 1510 served by the RAN node 720 and at least one reader of the RAN node 720, or a separate index pool for readers of terminal devices 1510 served by the RAN node 720.
[0235] For example, if the RAN node 720 supports both the Topology 1 and Topology 2, the index may be selected from one of: an index pool shared between the UE reader and the RAN reader, or separate index pools where the UE reader and the RAN reader may use distinct index pool.
[0236] When the A-IoT service arrives at the RAN node 720, the RAN node 720 may select the UE reader and assign a UE reader ID (i.e., the RAN node 720 may determine the index of the UE reader) .
[0237] In some embodiments, the UE ID may include at least one of: a cell radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) , a fifth generation short temporary mobile subscription identity (5G-S-TMSI) , a RAN UE NG-AP ID, or an access and mobility management function (AMF) UE NG-AP ID.
[0238] The RAN node 720 may transmit (1506) the UE ID or the reader ID for the terminal device 1510 to the terminal device 1510. Correspondingly, the terminal device 1510 may receive (1508) the UE ID or the reader ID from the RAN node 720.
[0239] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may transmit the reader ID including the ID identifying the RAN node 720 and the index to the terminal device 1510. In such example embodiments, the terminal device 1510 may transmit the reader ID in a RRC inventory report or a RRC command report to the RAN node 720.
[0240] For example, in Topology 2 RRC based solution, the RAN node 720 may transmit the UE ID instead of the reader ID to the terminal device 1510. The terminal device 1510 may already have an ID between the terminal device 1510 and the RAN node 720. And the RAN node 720 may already know the mapping between the reader ID and the UE ID. In such examples, the terminal device 1510 may transmit, to the RAN node 720, an inventory report or a command report including the C-RNTI, RAN UE NG-AP ID, or 5G-S-TMSI. And the RAN node 720 may transmit an inventory report a command report including the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0241] For example, the RAN node 720 may transmit the reader ID to the terminal device 1510 in an A-IoT resource response message, therefore enabling the terminal device 1510 to be aware of its assigned reader ID.
[0242] For example, the terminal device 1510 may transmit the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130 in the inventory response or command report.
[0243] Additionally, the RAN node 720 may transmit (1512) the UE ID or the reader ID for the terminal device 1510 to the A-IoT CN node 130 which is configured for the A-IoT service. Correspondingly, the A-IoT CN node 130 may receive (1514) the UE ID or the reader ID from the RAN node 720.
[0244] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may transmit the index included in the reader ID of the terminal device to the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0245] The RAN node 720 may transmit the UE ID or the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130, therefore the A-IoT CN node 130 may identify the UE reader.
[0246] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device 1510 by receiving, from the A-IoT CN node 130, a first inventory request for the terminal device 1510. In such embodiments, the RAN node 720 may transmit a second inventory request to the terminal device 1510. The second inventory request may include the UE ID or the reader ID for the terminal device 1510. And in response to receiving a second inventory response to the second inventory request including the UE ID or the reader ID, the RAN node 720 may transmit a first inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130. The first inventory response may include the UE ID or the reader ID for the terminal device 1510.
[0247] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device 1510 by receiving, from the A-IoT CN node 130 or from the terminal device 1510, a resource request for the A-IoT service of the terminal device 1510. In such embodiments, the RAN node 720 may transmit a resource response to resource request to the A-IoT CN node 130 or the terminal device 1510. The resource response may include the reader ID.
[0248] For example, the RAN node 720 may determine and transmit the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130 in the A-IoT resource response message, therefore enabling the A-IoT CN node 130 to identify the UE reader.
[0249] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 may forward the reader ID to the terminal device 1510 by embedding the reader ID in the A-IoT data layer signaling, the NAS layer signaling, or the inventory request message.
[0250] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 may transmit the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130 in the inventory report or the command report.
[0251] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may receive at least one inventory report including the UE ID or the reader ID for the terminal device 1510 from the terminal device 1510. And the RAN node 720 may transmit at least one inventory report including the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0252] Alternatively, in some embodiments, a legacy UE ID may be used for the inventory or command procedure.
[0253] For example, the legacy UE ID may be used in one of: an inventory request from the RAN node 720 to the terminal device 1510, an inventory request from the A-IoT CN node to the RAN node 720, an inventory response from the terminal device 1510 to the RAN node 720, an inventory response from the RAN node 720 to the A-IoT CN node 130, an inventory report from the terminal device 1510 to the RAN node 720, an inventory report from the terminal device 1510 to the A-IoT CN node 130, or an inventory report from the RAN node 720 to the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0254] For example, the legacy UE ID may be one of: C-RNTI, 5G-S-TMSI, RAN UE NG-AP ID, or AMF UE NG-AP ID.
[0255] FIG. 16 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1600 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1600 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0256] In the signaling flow 1600, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends (1602) sends an inventory request message to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1604) the inventory request message. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 allocates and coordinates (1606) usage of A-IoT radio resources and allocate the UE reader ID. RRC communication with the A-IoT enabled UE 420 takes place, where the Uu UE ID is used to identify the UE reader.
[0257] Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 sends (1618) an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1622) the inventory response message. It would be noted that in this step, the A-IoT-enabled gNB 430 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 may include the allocated UE reader ID to the A-IoT CN.
[0258] Further, the A-IoT-enabled gNB 430 requests the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 to trigger inventory procedure towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110. Then, After receiving (1626) inventory result reported from the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT-enabled gNB 430 may send (1628) one or multiple inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result.
[0259] It would be noted that during steps 1626-1628, it may happen in parallel with the inventory procedures for different A-IoT devices.
[0260] Further, the inventory report may include the UE reader ID to the A-IoT CN.
[0261] It would be further noted that steps herein between A-IoT-enable UE 420 and A-IoT-enabled gNB 430 are subject to communication specifications in RAN, where the Uu UE ID may be used to identify the UE reader.
[0262] FIG. 17 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1700 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1700 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0263] In the signaling flow 1700, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1702) a XX inventory request, and the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1704) the XX inventory request. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 allocates or coordinates (1706) A-IoT radio resources and reader ID allocation. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1708) a RRC inventory request with a reader ID to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1712) the RRC inventory request with the reader ID and then transmits (1714) a RRC inventory response to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1716) the RRC inventory response and transmits (1718) a XX inventory response with the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1722) the XX inventory response with the reader ID.
[0264] Further, the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110 and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 perform an inventory procedure. Then, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1724) a RRC inventory report with the reader ID to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1726) the RRC inventory report with the reader and then transmits (1728) a XX inventory report with the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1732) the XX inventory report with the reader ID.
[0265] FIG. 18 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1800 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0266] In the signaling flow 1800, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1802) a session inventory request, and the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1804) the session inventory request. Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 and the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 allocate or coordinate (1806) A-IoT radio resources and reader id allocation. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1808) a session resource response with a reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1812) the session resource response with the reader ID and then transmits (1814) an inventory request with the reader ID to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1816) the inventory request with the reader ID and transmits (1818) an inventory response to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1822) the inventory response.
[0267] Further, the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110 and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 perform an inventory procedure. Then, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1824) an inventory request with the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1826) the inventory request with the reader ID.
[0268] FIG. 19 illustrates an overall signaling chart 1900 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 1900 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0269] In the signaling flow 1900, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits (1902) an inventory request, and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1904) the inventory request. Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1906) a radio resource request to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (1908) the radio resource request and then allocates or coordinates (1912) A-IoT radio resources and reader ID allocation. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 transmits (1914) a radio resource response with a reader ID to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (1916) the radio resource response with the reader ID and transmits (1918) an inventory response with the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1922) the inventory response with the reader ID.
[0270] Further, the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110 and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 perform an inventory procedure. Then, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 transmits (1924) an inventory report with the reader ID to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (1926) the inventory request with the reader ID.
[0271] FIG. 20 illustrates an overall signaling chart 2000 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in Topology 2 NAS / UP-Based Solution according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling chart 2000 involves a terminal device 1510, a RAN node 720, and an A-IoT CN node 130. In the signaling chart 1500, the terminal device 1510 includes a reader.
[0272] It is to be understood that the number of terminal devices 1510 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations to the present disclosure. The environment may include any suitable number of terminal devices 1510 adapted for implementations of the present disclosure.
[0273] The A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit (2002) , to the terminal device 1510, assistance information associated with an A-IoT service for the terminal device 1510. Correspondingly, the terminal device 1510 may receive (2004) the assistance information from the A-IoT CN node 130. The assistance information includes a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device 1510 and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node 720.
[0274] For example, the assistance information may include such as an approximate number the terminal device 1510, an approximate size of a D2R message, an indication indicating a type of the A-IoT service, a correlation ID, information of the filter or the reader ID, etc.
[0275] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit an inventory request for the A-IoT service to the terminal device 1510. The inventory request may include the assistance information. Correspondingly, the terminal device 1510 may receive the inventory request from the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0276] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit the assistance information to the terminal device 1510 via a high layer signaling.
[0277] In some embodiments, the assistance information may be included in at least one of:a control layer signaling or a NAS layer signaling.
[0278] If the received assistance information includes the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node 720, the terminal device 1510 may transmit (2012) the second part of the assistance information to the RAN node 720. Correspondingly, the RAN node 720 may receive (2014) the second part of the assistance information from the terminal device 1510.
[0279] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 may transmit the second part of the assistance information to the RAN node 720 as data of an access stratum (AS) layer.
[0280] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 may transmit a second resource request to the RAN node 720. The second resource request may include the second part of the assistance information.
[0281] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 may receive the assistance information from the A-IoT CN node 130 in a higher layer of the terminal device 1510. Then the terminal device 1510 may provide the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node 720 from the higher layer to the AS layer.
[0282] Alternatively, the A-IoT CN node 130 may directly transmit the second part of the assistance information to the RAN node 720. The assistance information transmitted from the A-IoT CN node 130 to the terminal device 1510 may differ from the data transmitted from the A-IoT CN node 130 to the RAN node 720, and both assistance information may represent subsets of the assistance information mentioned above.
[0283] For example, the upper layer of the terminal device 1510 may inform the AS layer about the assistance information which needs to be known by the RAN node 720. Alternatively, the terminal device 1510 may transfer all of the assistance information to the AS layer.
[0284] For example, the assistance information transmitted to the RAN node 720 may be indicated to the terminal device 1510. For example, the Assistance information may include: Assistance information {Assistance information 1, Assistance information 2; gNB assistance information {Assistance information 2, Assistance information 3 } } .
[0285] Alternatively, or in addition, the A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit (2006) , to the RAN node 720, the assistance information associated with an A-IoT service for the terminal device 1510. Correspondingly, the RAN node 720 may receive (2008) the assistance information from the A-IoT CN node 130. The assistance information includes a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device 1510 and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node 720.
[0286] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit a first resource request for the A-IoT service to the RAN node 720. The first resource request may include the assistance information. Correspondingly, the RAN node 720 may receive the first resource request from the A-IoT CN node 130.
[0287] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 may transmit, to the RAN node 720, the assistance information including a plurality of parts of the assistance information for a plurality of the terminal devices 1510.
[0288] For example, the assistance information may include: {UE reader ID 1 and / or correlation ID 1, assistance information 1; UE reader ID 2 and / or correlation ID 2, assistance information 2; UE reader ID 3 and / or correlation ID 3, assistance information 3;}.
[0289] In some embodiments, the assistance information received by the RAN node 720 from the A-IoT CN node 130 may include at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device 1510 served by the RAN node 720 and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node 720. If the assistance information is received from the A-IoT CN node 130, the RAN node 720 may transmit (2016) the at least one first part of the assistance information to the at least one terminal device 1510. Correspondingly, the at least one terminal device 1510 may receive (2018) the at least one first part of the assistance information from the RAN node 720.
[0290] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may transmit a second resource request for the A-IoT service to each of the at least one terminal device 1510. The second resource request may include a first part of the assistance information for the corresponding terminal device 1510.
[0291] In some embodiments, the assistance information received by the RAN node 720 from the A-IoT CN node 130 may include the at least one first part of the assistance information each associated with a reader ID of a reader of a terminal device 1510 and / or an ID of an A-IoT service to be performed by the terminal device 1510.
[0292] Additionally, in some embodiments, the RAN node 720 may process the at least one first part of the assistance information. Then the RAN node 720 may transmit the at least one first part of the processed assistance information to the at least one terminal device 1510.
[0293] The RAN node 720 may perform further processing upon receiving the assistance information. For example, if the RAN node 720 receives the approximate number of the terminal devices 1510, RAN node 720 may determine the Q value and send the value to the terminal devices 1510 instead of the approximate number. This approach may reduce the overhead of RRC signaling over the Uu interface and enhance efficiency.
[0294] FIG. 21 illustrates an overall signaling chart 2100 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in the TS impact according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 2100 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0295] In the signaling flow 2100, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends (2102) an inventory request with assistance information, and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (2104) the inventory request with assistance information. The assistance information for the A-IoT enabled UE is included.
[0296] Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 requests (2106) A-IoT radio resources with assistance information from the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. Alternatively, some assistance information may be included if applicable.
[0297] Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates (2112) A-IoT radio resources and allocates (2112) A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE accordingly. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 responds (2114) the A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. In this step, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 can reject the A-IoT radio resource request.
[0298] Then, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 sends (2118) an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2122) the inventory response message. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the A-IoT device (s) , and the procedure ends.
[0299] Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 performs the inventory procedure towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110 over the A-IoT radio interface. After receiving inventory result reported from the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 may send (2124) one or multiple inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN 130 including the received inventory result. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2126) the inventory report. Steps 2124 and 2126 may happen in parallel with the inventory procedures for different A-IoT devices.
[0300] FIG. 22 illustrates an overall signaling chart 2200 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in the TS impact according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 2200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0301] In the signaling flow 2200, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends (2202) an inventory request with assistance information, and the A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (2204) the inventory request with assistance information. The assistance information for the A-IoT enabled UE is included.
[0302] Alternatively, the A-IoT CN node 13 may send (2206) some assistance information to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (2208) the assistance information.
[0303] Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 requests (2212) A-IoT radio resources from the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates (2216) A-IoT radio resources and allocates (2216) A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE accordingly. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 responds (2218) the A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. In this specification, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 can reject the A-IoT radio resource request. Then, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 sends (2224) an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2226) the inventory response message. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the A-IoT device (s) , and the procedure ends.
[0304] Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 performs the inventory procedure towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110 over the A-IoT radio interface. After receiving inventory result reported from the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 may send (2228) one or multiple inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN 130 including the received inventory result. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2232) the inventory report. Step 2228 may happen in parallel with the inventory procedures for different A-IoT devices.
[0305] FIG. 23 illustrates an overall signaling chart 2300 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in the TS impact according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 2300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0306] This option is characterised by the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receiving the request to establish A-IoT session resources by the A-IoT CN. In the signaling flow 2300, the A-IoT CN node 130 requests (2302) A-IoT session resources to the A-IoT enabled gNB 430. Herein, the A-IoT assistance information is included in the A-IoT session resources request message. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (2304) the session resource request with the assistance information. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates (2306) A-IoT radio resources and allocates (2306) A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420 accordingly.
[0307] Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 sends (2308) the assistance information to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (2312) the assistance information. It would be appreciated that steps 2302-2306 and step 2308 are independent and do not have a sequential relationship.
[0308] Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 confirms (2314) the request for A-IoT session resources. Then, the A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2316) a session resource response. It would be appropriated that the A-IoT enabled gNB 43 can reject the request for A-IoT session resource.
[0309] Then, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends (2318) an inventory request message to the A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (2322) the inventory request message. Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 sends (2324) an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives the inventory response message. It would be noted that the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 may instead fail the inventory request.
[0310] Then, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 performs an inventory procedure towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110. Then, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 may send (2328) one or multiple inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2332) the one or multiple inventory reports. It would be appreciated that step 2328 may happen in parallel with the inventory procedures for different A-IoT devices.
[0311] FIG. 24 illustrates an overall signaling chart 2400 of an A-IoT inventory and command procedure in the TS impact according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 2400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, for example, by using the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT enabled UE 420, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430, and the A-IoT CN node 130. In this case, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 includes a reader.
[0312] In the signaling flow 2400, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends (2402) an inventory request message to the A-IoT-enabled UE 420. The A-IoT-enabled UE 420 receives (2404) the inventory request message.
[0313] Then, the A-IoT CN node 130 sends (2406) the A-IoT enabled UE related assistance information to the corresponding A-IoT enabled gNB 430. The A-IoT enabled gNB 430 receives (2408) the assistance information. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 processes (2412) the assistance information. Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 sends (2414) the assistance information to the corresponding A-IoT enabled UE 420. The A-IoT enabled UE 420 receives (2416) the assistance information. Further, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 requests (2418) A-IoT radio resources from the A-IoT enabled gNB 430.
[0314] Then, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 coordinates (2424) A-IoT radio resources and allocates (2424) A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT enabled UE 420 accordingly. Further, the A-IoT enabled gNB 430 responds (2426) the A-IoT radio resources to the A-IoT-enabled UE 420. It would be noted that at step 2426, the A-IoT-enable gNB 430 can reject the A-IoT radio resource request.
[0315] Then, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 sends (2432) an inventory response message to the A-IoT CN node 130, and the A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2434) the inventory response message. In this step, the A-IoT enabled UE 420 may instead send an inventory failure message to the A-IoT CN node 130 indicating that the inventory procedure could not be initiated towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, and the procedure ends.
[0316] Further, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 performs the inventory procedure towards the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110 over the A-IoT radio interface.
[0317] Then, after receiving inventory result reported from the one or more A-IoT device (s) 110, the A-IoT-enabled UE 420 may send (2436) one or multiple inventory reports towards the A-IoT CN node 130 including the received inventory result. The A-IoT CN node 130 receives (2438) the one or multiple inventory reports. These two steps may happen in parallel with the inventory procedures for different A-IoT devices.
[0318] FIG. 25 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2500 implemented at a communication device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2500 will be described from the perspective of the communication device 710 in FIG. 7.
[0319] At block 2510, in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, the communication device 710 receives, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device.
[0320] At block 2520, the communication device 710 determines whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel.
[0321] At block 2530, the communication device 710 transmits, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0322] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is caused to: in accordance with a determination that the identity of the second A-IoT service is different from an identity of the first A-IoT service and the reader identity for the second A-IoT service is the same as a reader identity for the first A-IoT service, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted.
[0323] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is caused to: determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.
[0324] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is caused to: based on a capability of supporting one A-IoT service at a time, determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected in accordance with a determination that the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service, and transmit the service response indicating failure of the second A-IoT service; and determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted in accordance with a determination that the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service, and transmit the service response indicating success of the second A-IoT service.
[0325] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the communication device, that the reader of the communication device is not available, or that the latency requirement is not satisfied.
[0326] In some embodiments, the service response further comprises at least one of: a reader identity for the communication device, or the identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0327] In some embodiments, the service response is or is comprised in at least one of: an inventory failure message, or an inventory failure transfer field of the inventory failure message.
[0328] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is a RAN node, and wherein the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request received from the CN node; and wherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response transmitted to the CN node.
[0329] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is a terminal device: wherein the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request received from the RAN node serving the terminal device or the CN node; and wherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response transmitted to the RAN node or the CN node.
[0330] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is a terminal device, and wherein the communication device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the first A-IoT service is completed, transmit, to the RAN node, at least one of: a resource release indication to release a resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, a resource update indication to update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, a service completion indication of the first A-IoT service, to indicate the RAN node to release or update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, or an inventory report associated with the first A-IoT service, comprising an indication of a last inventory report for the first A-IoT service, to indicate the RAN node to release or update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service.
[0331] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 supports more than one A-IoT service in parallel, and the communication device is caused to: in accordance with a detection that a second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is the same or at least partially overlaps with a first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected; or in accordance with a detection that the second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is different from the first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted.
[0332] In some embodiments, the service request comprise at least one of: respective identities identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group, or a group identity or a filter for the second group of A-IoT devices, and wherein the communication device is caused to: determine that the second group of target A-IoT devices is different from the first group of A-IoT devices based on at least one of: that respective identities identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group is at least partially different from respective identities identifying the A-IoT devices in the first group, or that the group identity or the filter for the second group of A-IoT devices is different from a group identity or a filter for the first group of A-IoT devices.
[0333] In some embodiments, the service request and the service response comprise more than one second A-IoT service for a same reader of the communication device.
[0334] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is further caused to: transmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, an inventory report comprising A-IoT data for a plurality of A-IoT services for at least one reader, and wherein the A-IoT data for an A-IoT service is associated with a reader identity of a corresponding reader and an identity of a corresponding A-IoT service.
[0335] In some embodiments, the communication device 710 is caused to: transmit, to the CN node, the capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel.
[0336] FIG. 26 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2600 implemented at a core network (CN) node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2600 will be described from the perspective of the A-IoT CN node 130 in FIG. 1.
[0337] At block 2610, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0338] At block 2620, the A-IoT CN node 130 receives, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0339] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 is further caused to: receive, the terminal device, a capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; or receive, the RAN node, a capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the RAN node.
[0340] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the communication device, that the reader of the communication device is not available, or that the latency requirement is not satisfied.
[0341] In some embodiments, the service response further comprises at least one of: a reader identity for the communication device, or the identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0342] In some embodiments, the second A-IoT service is towards a reader of the terminal device, and wherein the service request is transmitted to the terminal device and the service response is received from the terminal device or wherein the service request is transmitted to the RAN node serving the terminal device and the service response is received from the RAN node serving the terminal device.
[0343] In some embodiments, the second A-IoT service is towards a reader of the RAN node, and wherein the service request is transmitted to the RAN node and the service response is received from the RAN node.
[0344] In some embodiments, the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request; and wherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response.
[0345] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 is further caused to: receive, from the RAN node or the terminal device, an inventory report comprising A-IoT data for a plurality of A-IoT services for at least one reader, and wherein the A-IoT data for an A-IoT service is associated with a reader identity of a corresponding reader and an identity of a corresponding A-IoT service.
[0346] FIG. 27 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2700 implemented at a radio access network (RAN) node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2700 will be described from the perspective of the RAN node 720 in FIG. 7.
[0347] At block 2710, the RAN node 720 receives, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device.
[0348] At block 2720, in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, the RAN node 720 determines whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device.
[0349] At block 2730, based on the determination, the RAN node 720 transmits, the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0350] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to: determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.
[0351] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time by the terminal device, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the terminal device, that the reader of the communication device is not available, or that a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not satisfied.
[0352] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, at least one of an identity of the first A-IoT service and a reader identity of the reader; establish a context for the terminal device based on the at least one of the identity of the first A-IoT service and the reader identity of the reader; determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on the established context for the terminal device.
[0353] In some embodiments, the service response further comprises at least one of: a reader identity for the communication device, or the identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0354] In some embodiments, the service request comprises a resource request for the second A-IoT service, and wherein the service response comprises a resource response to the resource request.
[0355] FIG. 28 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2800 implemented at a radio access network (RAN) node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2800 will be described from the perspective of the RAN node 720 in FIG. 7.
[0356] At block 2810, the RAN node 720 determines that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device.
[0357] At block 2820, the RAN node 720 determines a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device.
[0358] At block 2830, the RAN node 720 transmits the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service.
[0359] In some embodiments, the reader identity identifying the reader of the terminal device comprises an identity identifying the RAN node 720 and an index allocated for the reader of the terminal device.
[0360] In some embodiments, the index allocated for the reader of the terminal device is selected from one of: an index pool shared between readers of terminal devices served by the RAN node 720 and at least one reader of the RAN node 720, or a separate index pool for readers of terminal devices served by the RAN node 720.
[0361] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to: transmit the index comprised in the reader identity of the terminal device to the CN node; and / or transmit the reader identity comprising the identity identifying the RAN node 720 and the index to the terminal device.
[0362] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device by receiving, from the CN node, a first inventory request for the terminal device; and wherein the RAN node 720 is further caused to: transmit a second inventory request to the terminal device, wherein the second inventory request comprises the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device; and in response to receiving a second inventory response to the second inventory request comprising the UE identity or the reader identity, transmit a first inventory response to the first inventory request to the CN node, wherein the first inventory response comprises the reader identity or the reader identity for the terminal device.
[0363] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, at least one inventory report comprising the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device; and transmit, to the CN node, at least one inventory report comprising the reader identity for the terminal device.
[0364] In some embodiments, the UE identity comprises at least one of: a cell radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) , a fifth generation short temporary mobile subscription identity (5G-S-TMSI) , a RAN UE NG-AP identity, or an access and mobility management function (AMF) UE NG-AP identity.
[0365] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device by receiving, from the CN node or from the terminal device, a resource request for the A-IoT service of the terminal device; and wherein the RAN node 720 is further caused to: transmit, to the CN node or the terminal device, a resource response to the resource request, the resource response comprising the reader ID.
[0366] FIG. 29 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2900 implemented at a core network (CN) node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2900 will be described from the perspective of the A-IoT CN node 130 in FIG. 1.
[0367] At block 2910, the A-IoT CN node 130 transmits, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader.
[0368] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 is caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, an inventory request for the A-IoT service, the inventor request comprising the assistance information, or transmit, to the RAN node, a first resource request for the A-IoT service, the first resource request comprising the assistance information.
[0369] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 is caused to: transmit the assistance information to the terminal device via a high layer signaling.
[0370] In some embodiments, the assistance information is comprised in at least one of: control layer signaling, or Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer signaling.
[0371] In some embodiments, the A-IoT CN node 130 is caused to: transmit, to the RAN node, the assistance information at least comprising a plurality of parts of the assistance information for a plurality of the terminal devices.
[0372] FIG. 30 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 3000 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 3000 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 1510 in FIG. 15.
[0373] At block 3010, the terminal device 1510 receives, from a core network (CN) node, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader.
[0374] At block 3020, in accordance with a determination that the received assistance information comprises the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, the terminal device 1510 transmits, to the RAN node, the second part of the assistance information.
[0375] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 is caused to receive, from the CN node, an inventory request for the A-IoT service, the inventory request comprising the assistance information.
[0376] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 is caused to: transmit the second part of the assistance information to the RAN node as data of an access stratum (AS) layer.
[0377] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 is caused to transmit, to the RAN node, a second resource request, the second resource request comprising the second part of assistance information.
[0378] In some embodiments, the terminal device 1510 is caused to: receive the assistance information from the CN node in a higher layer of the terminal device; and provide the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node from the higher layer to the AS layer.
[0379] FIG. 31 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 3100 implemented at a radio access network (RAN) node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 3100 will be described from the perspective of the RAN node 720 in FIG. 1.
[0380] At block 3110, the RAN node 720 receives, from a core network (CN) node or from a first terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information received from the CN node comprises at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device served by the RAN node 720 and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node 720, andwherein the assistance information received from the first terminal device comprises a second part of assistance information forwarded by the first terminal device for the CN node.
[0381] At block 3120, in accordance with a determination that the assistance information is received from the CN node, the RAN node 720 transmits, to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of the assistance information.
[0382] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to receive, from the CN node, a first resource request for the A-IoT service, the first resource request comprising the assistance information.
[0383] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to transmit, to each of the at least one terminal device, a second resource request for the A-IoT service, the second resource request comprising a first part of the assistance information for the corresponding terminal device.
[0384] In some embodiments, the RAN node 720 is caused to: process the at least one first part of the assistance information; and transmit, to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of processed assistance information.
[0385] In some embodiments, the assistance information received from the CN node comprises: the at least one first part of the assistance information each associated with a reader identity of a reader of a terminal device and / or an identity of an A-IoT service to be performed by the terminal device.
[0386] FIG. 32 is a simplified block diagram of a device 3200 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 3200 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 7. Accordingly, the device 3200 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the communication device 710 or the RAN node 720.
[0387] As shown, the device 3200 includes a processor 3210, a memory 3220 coupled to the processor 3210, a suitable transceiver 3240 coupled to the processor 3210, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 3240. The memory 3220 stores at least a part of a program 3230. The transceiver 3240 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 3240 may include at least one of a transmitter 3242 and a receiver 3244. The transmitter 3242 and the receiver 3244 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 3240 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0388] The program 3230 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 3210, enable the device 3200 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 32. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 3210 of the device 3200, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 3210 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 3210 and memory 3220 may form processing means 3250 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0389] The memory 3220 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 3220 is shown in the device 3200, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 3200. The processor 3210 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 3200 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0390] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a communication device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device; determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; and transmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the communication device as discussed above.
[0391] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a core network (CN) node comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service; and receive, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the core network (CN) node as discussed above.
[0392] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a radio access network (RAN) node comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device; in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; and based on the determination, transmit, the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node as discussed above.
[0393] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a radio access network (RAN) node comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device; determine a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device; and transmit the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node as discussed above.
[0394] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a core network (CN) node comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the core network (CN) node as discussed above.
[0395] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a core network (CN) node, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader; and in accordance with a determination that the received assistance information comprises the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, transmit, to the RAN node, the second part of the assistance information. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0396] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a radio access network (RAN) node comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a core network (CN) node or from a first terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information received from the CN node comprises at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device served by the RAN node and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, andwherein the assistance information received from the first terminal device comprises a second part of assistance information forwarded by the first terminal device for the CN node; and in accordance with a determination that the assistance information is received from the CN node, transmit, to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of the assistance information. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node as discussed above.
[0397] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0398] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus comprises means for in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, receiving from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device; means for determining whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; and means for transmitting, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2500. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 2500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0399] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a core network (CN) apparatus is provided. The core network (CN) apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service; and means for receiving, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2600. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 2600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0400] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a radio access network (RAN) apparatus is provided. The radio access network (RAN) apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device; means for in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, determining whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; and means for based on the determination, transmitting the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2700. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 2700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0401] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a radio access network (RAN) apparatus is provided. The radio access network (RAN) apparatus comprises means for determining that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device; means for determining a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device; and means for transmitting the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2800. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 2800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0402] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a core network (CN) apparatus is provided. The core network (CN) apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader. In some embodiments, the fifth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2900. In some embodiments, the fifth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 2900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0403] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal apparatus is provided. The terminal apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a core network (CN) node, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader; and means for in accordance with a determination that the received assistance information comprises the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, transmitting to the RAN node, the second part of the assistance information. In some embodiments, the sixth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 3000. In some embodiments, the sixth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 3000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0404] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a radio access network (RAN) apparatus is provided. The radio access network (RAN) apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a core network (CN) node or from a first terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information received from the CN node comprises at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device served by the RAN node and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, andwherein the assistance information received from the first terminal device comprises a second part of assistance information forwarded by the first terminal device for the CN node; and means for in accordance with a determination that the assistance information is received from the CN node, transmitting to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of the assistance information. In some embodiments, the seventh apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 3100. In some embodiments, the seventh apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some embodiments of the method 3100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0405] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0406] In an aspect, it is proposed a communication device comprising: a processor configured to cause the communication device to: in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device; determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; and transmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0407] In some embodiments, the communication device is caused to: in accordance with a determination that the identity of the second A-IoT service is different from an identity of the first A-IoT service and the reader identity for the second A-IoT service is the same as a reader identity for the first A-IoT service, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted.
[0408] In some embodiments, the communication device is caused to: determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.
[0409] In some embodiments, the communication device is caused to: based on a capability of supporting one A-IoT service at a time, determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected in accordance with a determination that the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service, and transmit the service response indicating failure of the second A-IoT service; and determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted in accordance with a determination that the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service, and transmit the service response indicating success of the second A-IoT service.
[0410] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the communication device, that the reader of the communication device is not available, or that the latency requirement is not satisfied.
[0411] In some embodiments, the service response further comprises at least one of: a reader identity for the communication device, or the identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0412] In some embodiments, the service response is or is comprised in at least one of: an inventory failure message, or an inventory failure transfer field of the inventory failure message.
[0413] In some embodiments, the communication device is a RAN node, and wherein the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request received from the CN node; and wherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response transmitted to the CN node.
[0414] In some embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device: wherein the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request received from the RAN node serving the terminal device or the CN node; and wherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response transmitted to the RAN node or the CN node.
[0415] In some embodiments, the communication device is a terminal device, and wherein the communication device is further caused to: in accordance with a determination that the first A-IoT service is completed, transmit, to the RAN node, at least one of: a resource release indication to release a resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, a resource update indication to update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, a service completion indication of the first A-IoT service, to indicate the RAN node to release or update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service, or an inventory report associated with the first A-IoT service, comprising an indication of a last inventory report for the first A-IoT service, to indicate the RAN node to release or update the resource allocated for the first A-IoT service.
[0416] In some embodiments, the communication device supports more than one A-IoT service in parallel, and the communication device is caused to: in accordance with a detection that a second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is the same or at least partially overlaps with a first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected; or in accordance with a detection that the second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is different from the first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted.
[0417] In some embodiments, the service request comprise at least one of: respective identities identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group, or a group identity or a filter for the second group of A-IoT devices, and wherein the communication device is caused to: determine that the second group of target A-IoT devices is different from the first group of A-IoT devices based on at least one of: that respective identities identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group is at least partially different from respective identities identifying the A-IoT devices in the first group, or that the group identity or the filter for the second group of A-IoT devices is different from a group identity or a filter for the first group of A-IoT devices.
[0418] In some embodiments, the service request and the service response comprise more than one second A-IoT service for a same reader of the communication device.
[0419] In some embodiments, the communication device is further caused to: transmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, an inventory report comprising A-IoT data for a plurality of A-IoT services for at least one reader, and wherein the A-IoT data for an A-IoT service is associated with a reader identity of a corresponding reader and an identity of a corresponding A-IoT service.
[0420] In some embodiments, the communication device is caused to: transmit, to the CN node, the capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel.
[0421] In an aspect, it is proposed a core network (CN) node comprising: a processor configured to cause the CN node to: transmit, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service; and receive, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0422] In some embodiments, the CN node is further caused to: receive, the terminal device, a capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; or receive, the RAN node, a capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the RAN node.
[0423] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the communication device, that the reader of the communication device is not available, or that the latency requirement is not satisfied.
[0424] In some embodiments, the service response further comprises at least one of: a reader identity for the communication device, or the identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0425] In some embodiments, the second A-IoT service is towards a reader of the terminal device, and wherein the service request is transmitted to the terminal device and the service response is received from the terminal device or wherein the service request is transmitted to the RAN node serving the terminal device and the service response is received from the RAN node serving the terminal device.
[0426] In some embodiments, the second A-IoT service is towards a reader of the RAN node, and wherein the service request is transmitted to the RAN node and the service response is received from the RAN node.
[0427] In some embodiments, the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request; and wherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response.
[0428] In some embodiments, the CN node is further caused to: receive, from the RAN node or the terminal device, an inventory report comprising A-IoT data for a plurality of A-IoT services for at least one reader, and wherein the A-IoT data for an A-IoT service is associated with a reader identity of a corresponding reader and an identity of a corresponding A-IoT service.
[0429] In an aspect, it is proposed a radio access network (RAN) node comprising: a processor configured to cause the RAN node to: receive, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device; in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; and based on the determination, transmit, the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.
[0430] In some embodiments, the RAN node is caused to: determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.
[0431] In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following: that an A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time by the terminal device, that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the terminal device, that the reader of the communication device is not available, or that a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not satisfied.
[0432] In some embodiments, the RAN node is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, at least one of an identity of the first A-IoT service and a reader identity of the reader; establish a context for the terminal device based on the at least one of the identity of the first A-IoT service and the reader identity of the reader; determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on the established context for the terminal device.
[0433] In some embodiments, the service response further comprises at least one of: a reader identity for the communication device, or the identity of the second A-IoT service.
[0434] In some embodiments, the service request comprises a resource request for the second A-IoT service, and wherein the service response comprises a resource response to the resource request.
[0435] In an aspect, it is proposed a radio access network (RAN) node comprising: a processor configured to cause the RAN node to: determine that an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is to be triggered for a terminal device; determine a user equipment (UE) identity or a reader identity for the terminal device, wherein the UE identity identifies the terminal device, and the reader identity identifies a reader of the terminal device; and transmit the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device to the terminal device or to a core network (CN) node which is configured for the A-IoT service.
[0436] In some embodiments, the reader identity identifying the reader of the terminal device comprises an identity identifying the RAN node and an index allocated for the reader of the terminal device.
[0437] In some embodiments, the index allocated for the reader of the terminal device is selected from one of: an index pool shared between readers of terminal devices served by the RAN node and at least one reader of the RAN node, or a separate index pool for readers of terminal devices served by the RAN node.
[0438] In some embodiments, the RAN node is caused to: transmit the index comprised in the reader identity of the terminal device to the CN node; and / or transmit the reader identity comprising the identity identifying the RAN node and the index to the terminal device.
[0439] In some embodiments, the RAN node is caused to determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device by receiving, from the CN node, a first inventory request for the terminal device; and wherein the RAN node is further caused to: transmit a second inventory request to the terminal device, wherein the second inventory request comprises the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device; and in response to receiving a second inventory response to the second inventory request comprising the UE identity or the reader identity, transmit a first inventory response to the first inventory request to the CN node, wherein the first inventory response comprises the reader identity or the reader identity for the terminal device.
[0440] In some embodiments, the RAN node is further caused to: receive, from the terminal device, at least one inventory report comprising the UE identity or the reader identity for the terminal device; and transmit, to the CN node, at least one inventory report comprising the reader identity for the terminal device.
[0441] In some embodiments, the UE identity comprises at least one of: a cell radio network temporary identity (C-RNTI) , a fifth generation short temporary mobile subscription identity (5G-S-TMSI) , a RAN UE NG-AP identity, or an access and mobility management function (AMF) UE NG-AP identity.
[0442] In some embodiments, the RAN node is caused to determine A-IoT service is to be triggered for the terminal device by receiving, from the CN node or from the terminal device, a resource request for the A-IoT service of the terminal device; and wherein the RAN node is further caused to: transmit, to the CN node or the terminal device, a resource response to the resource request, the resource response comprising the reader ID.
[0443] In an aspect, it is proposed a core network (CN) node comprising: a processor configured to cause the CN node to: transmit, to a terminal device and / or a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for the terminal device, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader.
[0444] In some embodiments, the CN node is caused to: transmit, to the terminal device, an inventory request for the A-IoT service, the inventor request comprising the assistance information, or transmit, to the RAN node, a first resource request for the A-IoT service, the first resource request comprising the assistance information.
[0445] In some embodiments, the CN node is caused to: transmit the assistance information to the terminal device via a high layer signaling.
[0446] In some embodiments, the assistance information is comprised in at least one of: control layer signaling, or Non-Access Stratum (NAS) layer signaling.
[0447] In some embodiments, the CN node is caused to: transmit, to the RAN node, the assistance information at least comprising a plurality of parts of the assistance information for a plurality of the terminal devices.
[0448] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a core network (CN) node, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information comprises a first part of the assistance information for the terminal device and / or a second part of the assistance information for a radio access network (RAN) node serving the terminal device, and wherein the terminal device comprises a reader; and in accordance with a determination that the received assistance information comprises the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, transmit, to the RAN node, the second part of the assistance information.
[0449] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to receive, from the CN node, an inventory request for the A-IoT service, the inventory request comprising the assistance information.
[0450] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: transmit the second part of the assistance information to the RAN node as data of an access stratum (AS) layer.
[0451] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to transmit, to the RAN node, a second resource request, the second resource request comprising the second part of assistance information.
[0452] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: receive the assistance information from the CN node in a higher layer of the terminal device; and provide the second part of the assistance information for the RAN node from the higher layer to the AS layer.
[0453] In an aspect, it is proposed a radio access network (RAN) node comprising: a processor configured to cause the RAN node to: receive, from a core network (CN) node or from a first terminal device, assistance information associated with an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the assistance information received from the CN node comprises at least one first part of the assistance information for at least one terminal device served by the RAN node and a second part of the assistance information for the RAN node, and wherein the assistance information received from the first terminal device comprises a second part of assistance information forwarded by the first terminal device for the CN node; and in accordance with a determination that the assistance information is received from the CN node, transmit, to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of the assistance information.
[0454] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to receive, from the CN node, a first resource request for the A-IoT service, the first resource request comprising the assistance information.
[0455] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to transmit, to each of the at least one terminal device, a second resource request for the A-IoT service, the second resource request comprising a first part of the assistance information for the corresponding terminal device.
[0456] In some embodiments, the RAN node is caused to: process the at least one first part of the assistance information; and transmit, to the at least one terminal device, the at least one first part of processed assistance information.
[0457] In some embodiments, the assistance information received from the CN node comprises: the at least one first part of the assistance information each associated with a reader identity of a reader of a terminal device and / or an identity of an A-IoT service to be performed by the terminal device.
[0458] In an aspect, a communication device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the communication device discussed above.
[0459] In an aspect, a core network (CN) node comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the core network (CN) node discussed above.
[0460] In an aspect, a radio access network (RAN) node comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0461] In an aspect, a radio access network (RAN) node comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0462] In an aspect, a core network (CN) node comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the core network (CN) node discussed above.
[0463] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0464] In an aspect, a radio access network (RAN) node comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0465] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the communication device discussed above.
[0466] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the core network (CN) node discussed above.
[0467] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0468] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0469] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the core network (CN) node discussed above.
[0470] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0471] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0472] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the communication device discussed above.
[0473] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the core network (CN) node discussed above.
[0474] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0475] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0476] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the core network (CN) node discussed above.
[0477] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0478] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the radio access network (RAN) node discussed above.
[0479] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0480] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 32. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0481] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0482] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0483] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0484] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A communication device comprising:a processor configured to cause the communication device to:in accordance with a detection that a first ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service is performing, receive, from a radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node, a service request for a second A-IoT service, wherein the communication device comprises at least one reader, wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service and a reader identity for the communication device;determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel; andtransmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the communication device is caused to:in accordance with a determination that the identity of the second A-IoT service is different from an identity of the first A-IoT service and the reader identity for the second A-IoT service is the same as a reader identity for the first A-IoT service, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted.3.The device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the communication device is caused to:determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.4.The device of claim 3, wherein the communication device is caused to:based on a capability of supporting one A-IoT service at a time,determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected in accordance with a determination that the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service, andtransmit the service response indicating failure of the second A-IoT service; anddetermine that the second A-IoT service is accepted in accordance with a determination that the latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is to be satisfied after completion of the first A-IoT service, andtransmit the service response indicating success of the second A-IoT service.5.The device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following:that an A-IoT service is performing,that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time,that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the communication device,that the reader of the communication device is not available, orthat the latency requirement is not satisfied.6.The device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the service response further comprises at least one of:a reader identity for the communication device, orthe identity of the second A-IoT service.7.The device of claim 6, wherein the service response is or is comprised in at least one of:an inventory failure message, oran inventory failure transfer field of the inventory failure message.8.The device of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the communication device is a RAN node, andwherein the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request received from the CN node; andwherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response transmitted to the CN node.9.The device of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the communication device is a terminal device:wherein the service request for the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory request or a command request received from the RAN node serving the terminal device or the CN node; andwherein the service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service comprises an inventory response or a command response transmitted to the RAN node or the CN node.10.The device of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the communication device supports more than one A-IoT service in parallel, and the communication device is caused to:in accordance with a detection that a second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is the same or at least partially overlaps with a first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, determine that the second A-IoT service is rejected; orin accordance with a detection that the second group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the second A-IoT service is different from the first group of A-IoT devices corresponding to the first A-IoT service, determine that the second A-IoT service is accepted.11.The device of claim 10, wherein the service request comprise at least one of: respective identities identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group, or a group identity or a filter for the second group of A-IoT devices, and wherein the communication device is caused to:determine that the second group of target A-IoT devices is different from the first group of A-IoT devices based on at least one of:that respective identities identifying respective A-IoT devices in the second group is at least partially different from respective identities identifying the A-IoT devices in the first group, orthat the group identity or the filter for the second group of A-IoT devices is different from a group identity or a filter for the first group of A-IoT devices.12.The device of claim 10 or 11, wherein the service request and the service response comprise more than one second A-IoT service for a same reader of the communication device.13.The device of any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the communication device is further caused to:transmit, to the RAN node or the CN node, an inventory report comprising A-IoT data for a plurality of A-IoT services for at least one reader, andwherein the A-IoT data for an A-IoT service is associated with a reader identity of a corresponding reader and an identity of a corresponding A-IoT service.14.The device of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the communication device is caused to:transmit, to the CN node, the capability for supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel.15.A core network (CN) node comprising:a processor configured to cause the CN node to:transmit, to at least one of a radio access network (RAN) node or a terminal device, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service, wherein the RAN node or the terminal device comprises a reader, and wherein the service request comprises an identity of the second A-IoT service; andreceive, from the RAN node or the terminal device, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.16.A radio access network (RAN) node comprising:a processor configured to cause the RAN node to:receive, from a core network node, a service request for a second ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) service for a terminal device;in accordance with a detection that a first A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device, determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted for the terminal device based at least on a capability of supporting one or more A-IoT services in parallel by the terminal device; andbased on the determination, transmit, the CN node, a service response indicating failure or success of the second A-IoT service.17.The RAN node of claim 16, wherein the RAN node is caused to:determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service.18.The RAN node of claim 16 or 17, wherein in accordance with a determination that the second A-IoT service is rejected, the service response comprises a cause value, and wherein the cause value indicates one of the following:that an A-IoT service is performing at the terminal device,that only one A-IoT service is supported at a time by the terminal device,that one or more A-IoT services in parallel is not supported by the terminal device,that the reader of the communication device is not available, orthat a latency requirement of the second A-IoT service is not satisfied.19.The RAN node of any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the RAN node is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, at least one of an identity of the first A-IoT service and a reader identity of the reader;establish a context for the terminal device based on the at least one of the identity of the first A-IoT service and the reader identity of the reader;determine whether the second A-IoT service is rejected or accepted further based on the established context for the terminal device.