Methods, apparatuses, and systems for determining a positioning reference unit in a network
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/108351
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-28
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025108351_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING A POSITIONING REFERENCE UNIT IN A NETWORK
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. provisional application No. 63 / 779,807, filed on March 28, 2025, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication technology, and in particular, to communication methods and apparatuses.BACKGROUND
[0003] A sensing system may be employed to collect pose information of user equipment (UE) , including one or more of its location in a global coordinate system such as, but not limited to, the Global Positioning System (GPS) , the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) , the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) , the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) , the Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) Coordinate System, or the Geographic Coordinate System (latitude, longitude, altitude) for both 2D and 3D positioning, its velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and the information about the wireless environment. The sensing system may be integrated with a communication system, potentially reducing costs and improving resource utilization.
[0004] In integrated sensing and communication systems, current sensing operations between a sensing node and a sensing target relay on the assumption that there is a line-of-sight (LOS) between the sensing node and the sensing target. However, in real-world environments, there may be one or more obstacles between the sensing node and the sensing target, which may lead to inaccurate measurements.SUMMARY
[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods and communication apparatuses, which may improve positioning accuracy of the terminal device.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be performed at a terminal side, for example, a terminal device or a module in a terminal device, a circuit (such as an integrated circuit, IC, also known as a chip) , or a combination thereof. In some examples, the circuit may include a modem, which can also be referred to as a baseband modem, a baseband chip, a baseband circuit, a modem chip, a modem circuit, and the like. In some examples, the circuit is a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) , and the like. In these examples, the circuit is responsible for one or more communication functions within the terminal device. For example, the method is performed at a first terminal device. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device which is eligible to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) is referred to as first terminal device. The method includes: receiving configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of the first terminal device to act as a PRU; and transmitting first indication information based on the configuration information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0007] In the communication method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the network node transmits one or more conditions. The terminal device determines its eligibility to act as a PRU based on the one or more conditions. The first terminal device that meets the one or more conditions may indicate its eligibility to be the PRU. In this way, the network node may identify the first terminal device with a PRU designation, and the first terminal device may assist in future positioning, thereby improving positioning accuracy.
[0008] In a possible design, the one or more conditions include at least one of: a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold; being capable of multi-path measurement; a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold; a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold; or being capable of non-3rd generation partnership project (non-3GPP) positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
[0009] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting assistant information, where the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.
[0010] The assistant information may be transmitted to the network node and then transmitted by the network node to the one or more second terminal devices, or the assistant information may be directly transmitted to the one or more second terminal devices. In this way, the one or more second terminal devices may perform positioning based on the assistant information, thereby improving the positioning accuracy.
[0011] In a possible design, transmitting the assistant information includes: transmitting the assistant information to a network node.
[0012] In this case, the network node may obtain the assistant information, and the network node may use the assistant information to help position and / or sense the second terminal device, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy.
[0013] In a possible design, transmitting the assistant information includes: transmitting the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices.
[0014] In this case, the assistant information does not need to be forwarded by the network node, and the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to the second terminal device directly, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
[0015] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving second indication information, where the second indication information indicates at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information. Transmitting the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices includes: transmitting, based on the second indication information, the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices.
[0016] In this case, the first terminal device may transmit assistant information to the second terminal device based on the second indication information. In this way, the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to a specific second terminal device, which may avoid the interference and resource waste.
[0017] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving third indication information, where the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information. Transmitting the assistant information includes: transmitting, based on the third indication information, the assistant information.
[0018] In this case, the network node may control the transmission of the assistant information based on its requirements, thereby improving the flexibility of the transmission and avoiding resource waste. For example, the network node may control, based on variations of network load or emergent service requirements, the first terminal device to transmit the assistant information, thereby reducing unnecessary transmission (such as repetitive reporting in a case where a signal quality does not change) and reducing power consumption.
[0019] In a possible design, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points which indicate originating points of reflecting signals; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, where the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the terminal device and an estimated position of the terminal device in the delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0020] In some examples, in a NLOS positioning environment, the network node may not be capable of positioning a target accurately. In a case where the assistant information includes the positions of the virtual transmission points, the second terminal device may calculate its own position based on the positions of the virtual transmission points. In some examples, in a case where the assistant information includes a positioning error of the virtual transmission points, the one or more second terminal devices may adjust the positioning measurements based on the positioning error, thereby obtaining positioning measurements that are closer to the true value.
[0021] It is noted that the number of communication paths of the first terminal device may include a number of LOS paths and a number of NLOS paths of the first terminal device. Therefore, in some examples, after the second terminal device knows the number of communication paths of the first terminal device, the second terminal device may determine the number of direct communication paths and the number of reflected communication paths in a positioning environment, thereby facilitating the second terminal device’s calculation of its position more accurately. In some examples, in a case where the first terminal device has a NLOS path, and the assistant information includes the NLOS bias of the first terminal device, the second terminal device may adjust positioning and / or sensing measurements based on the NLOS bias, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy.
[0022] In some examples, in a case where the assistant information includes the multi-path measurement of the first terminal device and the multi-path measurement may include a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement and / or received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, the second terminal device may calculate its position based on these measurements of the first terminal device, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy. For example, the second terminal device may determine its position based on a ToA measurement of three first terminal devices. In some examples, in a case where the assistant information includes positioning and / or sensing measurements of the first terminal device, the second terminal device may also calculate its position based on these measurements of the first terminal device, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy. For example, a known position of the first terminal device may help the second terminal device calibrate NLOS errors or multipath interference.
[0023] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving request information for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0024] In this case, no explicit indication is needed for non-eligible UEs, and thus this implementation may be more practical in terms of signaling overhead and complexity.
[0025] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing; and transmitting, based on the configuration information and the signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing, first indication information.
[0026] According to a second aspect, another communication method is described. The method may also be performed at a terminal side, for example, a terminal device or a module in a terminal device, a circuit (such as an integrated circuit, IC, also known as a chip) , or a combination thereof. In some examples, the circuit may include a modem, which can also be referred to as a baseband modem, a baseband chip, a baseband circuit, a modem chip, a modem circuit, and the like. In some examples, the circuit is a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, a system in package (SIP) , and the like. In these examples, the circuit is responsible for one or more communication functions within the terminal device. For example, the method is performed at a second terminal device. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device which is not eligible to be the PRU is referred to as second terminal device. The method includes: receiving assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to act as PRUs.
[0027] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting second indication information, where the second indication information indicates at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information, where receiving the assistant information, includes: receiving, based on the second indication information, the assistant information.
[0028] In a possible design, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points are used to indicate an originating point of a reflecting signal; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, and the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the terminal device and an estimated position of the terminal device in the delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0029] According to a third aspect, another communication method is described. The method may be performed at a network side, for example, a location server or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a location server on a network side. For example, the method is performed at a network node. The method includes: transmitting configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a first terminal device to act as a PRU; and receiving first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0030] In a possible design, the one or more conditions includes at least one of: a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold; being capable of multi-path measurement; a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold; a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold; or being capable of non-3GPP positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
[0031] In a possible design, the method further includes: receiving assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to act as PRUs.
[0032] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting third indication information, where the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information, where receiving the assistant information, includes: receiving, based on the third indication information, the assistant information.
[0033] In a possible design, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, wherein the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0034] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting request information, where the request information is used for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0035] In a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing.
[0036] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing any one of the first aspect, second aspect or third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect, second aspect or third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0037] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect, the second aspect or third aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of any possible aspect.
[0038] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0039] According to a sixth aspect, a system is provided, and the system includes a first communication apparatus, a second communication apparatus and a third communication apparatus. The first communication apparatus are configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect. The second communication apparatus are configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect. The third communication apparatus are configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the third aspect.
[0040] According to a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect, the second aspect or the third aspect.
[0041] According to an eighth aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product stores instructions which, when executed, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the first aspect, the second aspect or the third aspect.
[0042] This disclosure encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer-readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
[0044] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0045] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in which some embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0046] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication system in which an apparatus wirelessly communicates with another apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example sensing communication system.
[0050] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example NLOS positioning bias of an example TRP.
[0051] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating UEs with 3 LOS paths that may use a positioning technique to find their positions.
[0052] FIG. 9 illustrates a relationship between a positioning error and CDF of UEs.
[0053] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a TRP or location management function (LMF) communicating with PRU and regular UE to perform sensing or positioning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of a PRU communicating with a regular UE within a side-link channel.
[0056] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a TRP or LMF communicating with PRU and regular UE to perform sensing or positioning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a TRP or LMF communicating with PRU and regular UE to perform sensing or positioning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] Technical solutions in some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described clearly below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, some embodiments may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not necessarily been described in exhaustive detail so as to avoid obscuring pertinent aspects of the embodiments described herein.
[0059] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0060] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0061] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0062] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0063] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and 120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0064] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0065] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0066] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0067] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0068] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0069] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0070] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0071] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0072] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one or more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0073] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0074] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0075] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0076] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0077] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0078] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) . For the purposes of this disclosure, a sensing agent may also be referred to as a sensing node.
[0079] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310 and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatuses 310 and / or number of apparatuses 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0080] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For the sake of clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For the sake of clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0081] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0082] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0083] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0084] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0085] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0086] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0087] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0088] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0089] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0090] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0091] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0092] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0093] Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology allows an antenna array of multiple antennas to perform signal transmissions and receptions to meet high transmission rate requirements. The ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP may use MIMO to communicate using wireless resource blocks. MIMO utilizes multiple antennas at the transmitter to transmit wireless resource blocks over parallel wireless signals. It follows that multiple antennas may be utilized at the receiver. MIMO may beamform parallel wireless signals for reliable multipath transmission of a wireless resource block. MIMO may involve parallel wireless signals that transport different data to increase the data rate of the wireless resource block.
[0094] In recent years, possibility of using MIMO (e.g., large-scale MIMO) wireless communication systems with the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 configured with a large number of antennas has gained wide attention from academia and industry. In such a large-scale MIMO system, the T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally configured with more than ten antenna units (see antennas 256 in FIG. 3) . The T-TRP 170, and / or the NT-TRP 172, is generally operable to serve dozens (which may be, but is not limited to) of EDs 110. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 may greatly increase the degree of spatial freedom of wireless communication, greatly improve the transmission rate, spectral efficiency and power efficiency, and, to a large extent, reduce interference between cells. The increase of the number of antennas allows for each antenna unit to be made in a smaller size with a lower cost. Using the degree of spatial freedom provided by the large-scale antenna units, the T-TRP 170 and the NT-TRP 172 of each cell may communicate with many EDs 110 in the cell on the same time-frequency resource at the same time, thus greatly increasing the spectral efficiency. A large number of antenna units of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may also enable each user to have better spatial directivity for uplink and downlink transmission, so that the transmitting power of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 and an ED 110 may be reduced and the power efficiency is correspondingly increased. When the antenna number of the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 is sufficiently large, random channels between each ED 110 and the T-TRP 170 and / or the NT-TRP 172 may approach orthogonality such that interference between cells and users and the effect of noise may be reduced. The plurality of advantages described hereinbefore enable large-scale MIMO to have valuable application prospects.
[0095] A MIMO system may include a receiver connected to a receive (Rx) antenna, a transmitter connected to a transmit (Tx) antenna and a signal processor connected to the transmitter and the receiver. Each of the Rx antenna and the Tx antenna may include a plurality of antennas. For instance, the Rx antenna may have a uniform linear array (ULA) antenna, in which the plurality of antennas are arranged in line at even intervals. When a radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted through the Tx antenna, the Rx antenna may receive a signal reflected and returned from a forward target.
[0096] A non-exhaustive list of possible units, or possible configurable parameters, or in some embodiments of a MIMO system, include a panel and a beam.
[0097] A panel is a unit of an antenna group, or antenna array, or antenna sub-array, which may control a Tx beam or a Rx beam independently.
[0098] A beam may be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port. A beam may be formed by using another method, for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a Tx beam and / or a Rx beam. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna and that is in different directions in space. Beam information may include a beam identifier, or an antenna port (s) identifier, or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or an SSB resource identifier, or a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifier.
[0099] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a, 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0100] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0101] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0102] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may also be disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0103] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or a SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0104] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0105] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0106] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0107] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0108] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0109] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0110] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0111] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random-access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0112] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0113] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magneto-resistive random access memory (magneto-resistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0114] In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, relevant technologies in the present disclosure will be introduced first.
[0115] A position of a user equipment (UE) is commonly utilized in cellular communication networks to optimize various network performance metrics such as, but not limited to, capacity, agility, and efficiency. For example, the network performance metrics may be optimized by enabling network elements to exploit parameters such as, but not limited to, the position, behavior, and mobility patterns, of the UE in the context of priori knowledge describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0116] A sensing system may be employed to collect pose information of the UE, including one or more of its location in a global coordinate system such as, but not limited to, the Global Positioning System (GPS) , the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) , the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) , the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) , the Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) Coordinate System, or the Geographic Coordinate System (latitude, longitude, altitude) for both 2D and 3D positioning, its velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and the information about the wireless environment. The pose information may include position information, velocity information and orientation information. The terms “location” and “position” are interchangeable, and may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of the sensing system may include, but are not limited to, Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) . While the sensing system can be separated from the communication system, integrating both functionalities into a single system may offer significant advantages. These include reduced hardware requirements, thereby lowering costs and conserving time, frequency, or spatial resources that may otherwise be dedicated to maintaining separate systems. It is understood that, using the communication system hardware to sense UE pose and environment information is a highly challenging and unresolved problem. The difficulty of this problem relates to factors such as, but not limited to, the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the huge number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0117] Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (also known as integrated communication and sensing) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems, and it is desirable to provide improved accuracy of sensing or positioning results for practical implementations of integrated sensing and communication.
[0118] Sensing in a wireless communication system involves analyzing the transmissions, reflections, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. The sensing may be performed by a sensing node. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, any or all of the EDs 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the communication system 100. Sensing nodes are network entities that are configured to perform sensing functions by transmitting or receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication devices that perform both communications and sensing. However, it is also possible that some sensing nodes are dedicated to sensing and do not perform communications.
[0119] It is understood that sensing may include positioning. In an example where the sensing target is a UE and the sensing node is a TRP, a sensing communication system including the UE and TRP is introduced below according to the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0120] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example sensing communication system. As shown in FIG. 6, the sensing communication system 600 includes three TRPs (i.e., TRP 601, TRP 602 and TRP 603) , a UE 604 and a network (NW) device 605. These three TRPs may position the UE 604 to obtain positioning measurements. These three TRPs may transmit the positioning measurements to the network device 605, and the UE 604 may also transmit its positioning measurements to the network device 605. The network device 605 may process the sensing measurements from the TRPs and the UE 604, and transmit the processed sensing measurements to the TRPs (i.e., TRP 601, TRP 602 and TRP 603) for future positioning to improve positioning accuracy. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, after the network device 605 processes the positioning measurements, as indicated by several calculation symbols (e.g., addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) in a box at the network side, the network device may transmit the processed positioning measurements to the TRPs (i.e., TRP 601, TRP 602 and TRP 603) to assist in future positioning.
[0121] In an integrated sensing and communication system, sensing operations between a sensing node and a sensing target rely on an assumption that there is a line-of-sight (LOS) between the sensing node and the sensing target. However, in real-world environments, there may be one or more obstacles between the sensing node and the sensing target, which may lead to inaccurate measurements.
[0122] The sensing node may also be referred to as an anchor or an active positioning anchor. For example, traditional UE positioning techniques in wireless communication systems assume a light of sight (LOS) between all anchors and target UEs. This assumption is unrealistic, especially at lower carrier frequencies (for example, sub-6GHz and CM-level wavelength) , which may cause a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias problem that may severely degrade positioning accuracy. Moreover, time synchronization offset between the active positioning anchors may reduce the positioning accuracy. For example, a 1 nanosecond synchronization error translates to a 30 cm positioning error.
[0123] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a NLOS bias of a TRP. As shown in FIG. 7, τlos is a LOS measurement of the TRP 701, which is consistent with the actual position of a UE 702, and τnlos is a NLOS measurement of the TRP 701. The τlos is a time of a signal transmitted from the TRP and received by the UE over the LOS link. The τnlos is a time of a signal transmitted from the TRP and received by the UE over the NLOS link. The estimated position of the UE 702 based on the τnlos is not consistent with the actual position of the UE 702, and there is a bias between the actual position and the estimated position of the UE 702.
[0124] Besides, positioning techniques, such as time difference of arrival (TDoA) , multi round trip time (MRTT) , etc., may provide acceptable positioning accuracy only when the UE has 3 or more LOSs, which means that there is a direct communication path without any physical obstruction between the UE and at least three transmitters. This condition is referred to as a LOS condition or constraint in the present disclosure. However, the requirement of 3 or more LOSs may be very challenging to satisfy in practice, especially when considering indoor scenarios. In some scenarios, for example, the LOS constraint may only be satisfied by approximately 20%of UEs. These NLOS UEs (i.e., UEs not satisfying the LOS constraint) may suffer from NLOS bias and accordingly low positioning accuracy.
[0125] In light of this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method and apparatus, in which a UE satisfying one or more conditions may be referred to as a positioning reference unit (PRU) . The PRU is a node or a unit that is used to assist in determining location of a positioning target and may provide positioning information to help achieve more accurate positioning results of other UEs. In the communication method, a TRP may configure one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a UE to act as a PRU, and transmit the one or more conditions to the UE. The UE may perform positioning and / or sensing. Then the UE determines its eligibility to act as a PRU based on the one or more conditions and the positioning and / or sensing measurement. A UE that meets the one or more conditions may indicate its eligibility to be the PRU. In this way, the TRP may know whether the UE is eligible to act as a PRU, which may assist in future positioning, thereby improving positioning accuracy.
[0126] In general, positioning or sensing targets may be limited in a NLOS area without a LOS communication path, while distributed PRUs, such as terminal devices, may provide additional reference points for the positioning or sensing targets. The PRU may be defined by a known location, at which place the PRU may perform positioning and / or sensing measurements and report back these measurements to the NW device. The PRU may also be referred to by other names, including but not limited to positioning reference point (PRP) , positioning anchor (PosA) , sensing reference point (SeRP) , sensing reference unit (SeRU) , or any other suitable terminology to indicate a node in a wireless network with reliable location that may be considered as an anchor for positioning or sensing of other UEs or other objects in the environment.
[0127] Moreover, the PRU may also transmit sensing reference signal (SeRS) to enable TRPs to measure and report UL positioning measurements to the NW device. PRU measurements may also be provided to the target device (i.e., the positioning or sensing target) in the assistance data; therefore, from the NW device point of view, the PRU functionality is realized by a UE with a known location.
[0128] In an example where the terminal device is a UE, aspects of the present disclosure relate to identifying a UE satisfying a certain condition in order to be designated as a PRU. The identified UE’s measurements may be utilized to improve the positioning and sensing accuracy of other UEs. For example, in a cellular communication network, particularly in a positioning application, there may be one or more UEs for which its position is known, in which case the UE may be known as a PRU, or there may be one or more UEs for which its position may be obtained with a high accuracy. The positioning information of these UE may be utilized to improve the positioning of the other UEs. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating UEs with 3 LOS paths that may use a positioning technique (e.g., TDoA, hybrid TDoA+angle of arrival (AoA) , MRTT, GNSS, fixed position or stationary UE, etc. ) to find their positions. In the FIG. 8, it includes three TRPs (i.e., TRP 801, TRP 802 and TRP 803) , a group of PRUs 804 and a group of regular UEs 805 and four obstructions (i.e., obstruction 806, obstruction 807, obstruction 808 and obstruction 808) . There is a LOS communication path between the group of PRUs 804 and each TRP. There are also NLOS communication paths between the group of PRUs 804 and the TRP 801 and the TRP 802. Knowing the positions of three TRPs, the NW device may identify them as PRUs. For the group of regular UEs 805, there is no LOS communication path between the group of regular UEs 805 and each TRP. The NW device may use the measurements of the PRU to obtain positioning information to be utilized by the group of regular UEs 805 which suffer from NLOS bias or UE with low accurate positioning.
[0129] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the positioning error for the UEs in a given area. As shown in FIG. 9, UEs designated as PRUs show a low positioning error due to good positioning performance as introduced above, and the NLOS UEs show high positioning error.
[0130] The communication method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in combination with FIGS. 10 to 14.
[0131] The communication method may be applied to a communication system, such as the communication system shown in FIG. 1, or the communication system shown in FIG. 2, or other communication systems, which are merely illustrative and not intended to be limiting. The communication system may include at least two devices, and there may be a wireless communication between the at least two devices. At least one device may correspond to a terminal device (e.g., the ED shown in FIG. 1 or 2) , or it may be a part of the terminal device, such as a module, chip or circuit within the terminal device. The other device may correspond to a network device (e.g., the T-TRP shown in FIG. 1 or 2) , or may be a part of the network device, such as a module, chip or circuit within the network device.
[0132] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. The communication method 1000 is performed by a network node and at least one terminal device. The communication method 1000 may be applied to the network structure shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the communication method 1000 may also be applied to other network structures, and the implementations of the present application are not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 10, the communication method 1000 includes steps 1001 to 1003.
[0133] In step 1001, the network node transmits configuration information. The configuration information is used for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a first terminal device to act as a PRU. Correspondingly, the at least one terminal device receives the configuration information.
[0134] For example, the configuration information may be transmitted by the network node in the form of broadcast or multicast signaling.
[0135] In a possible implementation, the one or more conditions include at least one of: a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold, being capable of multi-path measurement, a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold, a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold, or being capable of non-3GPP positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
[0136] The resolution of AOA detection refers to a smallest angle variation that may be distinguished in the process of determining the direction from which the signal arrives at the receiving end. A smaller value of this resolution indicates a higher measurement accuracy for the signal arrival direction. The resolution of delay detection refers to an ability of distinguishing two closely-spaced objects in a delay domain. For example, in a case where the delay resolution is 1 ns, it means that the sensing receiver is able to distinguish between two objects whose corresponding delay values are 1 ns apart. For example, the first threshold may be greater than or equal to 3. The third threshold may be greater than or equal to 5 ns.
[0137] In an example where the terminal device is a UE, and the network node is a NW device, aspects of the present disclosure relate to criteria for designating the UE as PRU. These criteria may be indicated by the NW device via a configuration to the UE. The NW device may be a LMF or a TRP. The LMF or TRP may ask UE to check its eligibility with a set of criteria to be designated as PRU. It may be done either within NW device side or UE side by checking LOS path of the UE. The criteria to act as an eligible PRU are 1) UE checks for having at least 3 LOSs from 3 TRPs for using legacy positioning methods (which is an example of the number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold) , where based on its measurements, the UE may find the number of LOS paths it receives from different anchors or the NW device may inform the UE about its LOS condition using mono-static sensing; 2) UE may resolve multi-path components and UE is capable of doing high resolution multi-path measurement (which is an example of being capable of multi-path measurement) , where the UE may be asked by the NW device to check the multi-path measurement resolution required, and the AoA resolution required for multi-path measurement resolution may also be indicated by NW device as a criteria (which is an example of the resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold) ; 3) UE with additional information (e.g., non-3GPP sensor such as LIDAR, GNSS, etc. ) with high positioning certainty (which is an example of being capable of non-3GPP positioning) , where UE with non-3GPP sensors with high positioning certainty may also be eligible to act as a PRU, or a UE with low mobility or a stationary UE with known position, and the UE stores historical data or fixed positioning reference point.
[0138] In a possible implementation, the method 1000 may include step 1002.
[0139] In step 1002, the network node transmits a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing. Correspondingly, the at least one terminal device receives the signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing.
[0140] For example, the signal for positioning may be a sounding reference signal (SRS) or a positioning reference signal (PRS) . The signal for sensing may include channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) . The signal for sensing may include phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) . The signal for sensing may include sensing reference signal (SeRS) .
[0141] The at least one terminal device determines whether it is eligible to act as a PRU, based on the received configuration information and the signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device which is eligible to act as a PRU is referred to as a first terminal device, and a terminal device which is ineligible to act as a PRU is referred to as a second terminal device. For example, the first terminal device may be called PRU, and the second terminal device may be called regular terminal device (e.g., regular UE) .
[0142] In step 1003, the first terminal device transmits first indication information that is based on the configuration information. The first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as a PRU. Correspondingly, the network node receives the first indication information.
[0143] In a possible implementation, the first indication information may be based on the configuration information and the signal for positioning and / or sensing.
[0144] For example, after the at least one terminal device receives the configuration information and the signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing, a terminal device may perform positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing and then obtain positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements. A terminal device find that it satisfies the one or more conditions, and it may transmit first indication information to indicate that it is eligible to act as a PRU. Another terminal device may find that it does not satisfy the one or more conditions, and it may transmit nothing or an ineligible indicator to the network node.
[0145] It is understood that the at least one terminal device may each be the first terminal device, or may each be the second terminal device, or some of the terminal devices may be the first terminal devices while the others may be the second terminal devices, which are merely illustrative, and not intended to be limiting.
[0146] In the communication method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the network node transmits one or more conditions. The at least one terminal device determines its eligibility to act as a PRU based on the one or more conditions. The first terminal device that meets the one or more conditions may indicate its eligibility to be the PRU. In this way, the network node may identify the first terminal device with a PRU designation, and the first terminal device may assist in future positioning, thereby improving positioning accuracy.
[0147] In an example where the terminal device is a UE, aspects of the present disclosure facilitate high positioning and sensing accuracy in wireless communication systems. By utilizing the information provided by the UEs with high positioning certainty, and identifying UEs as PRUs, the constraint over LOS conditions and NLOS bias problems may be reduced.
[0148] In some implementations, sensing or positioning assistant information (e.g., map, UE position or velocity information) may be considered as additional information to improve the sensing performance. After the first terminal device transmits the first indication information to the network node, in a possible implementation, the first terminal device may transmit assistant information, where the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning and / or sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.
[0149] The assistant information may be transmitted to the network node and then transmitted by the network node to the one or more second terminal devices, or the assistant information may be directly transmitted to the one or more second terminal devices. In this way, the one or more second terminal devices may perform positioning based on the assistant information, thereby improving the positioning accuracy.
[0150] In a possible implementation, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, wherein the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0151] In some examples, in a NLOS positioning environment, the network node may not be capable of positioning a target device accurately. In a case where the assistant information includes the positions of the virtual transmission points, the second terminal device may calculate its own position based on the positions of the virtual transmission points. In some examples, in a case where the assistant information includes a positioning error of the virtual transmission points, the one or more second terminal devices may adjust the positioning measurements based on the positioning error, thereby obtaining positioning measurements that are closer to the true value.
[0152] It is noted that the number of communication paths of the first terminal device may include a number of LOS paths and a number of NLOS paths of the first terminal device. Therefore, in some examples, after the second terminal device knows the number of communication paths of the first terminal device, the second terminal device may determine the number of direct communication paths and the number of reflected communication paths in a positioning environment, thereby facilitating the second terminal device’s calculation of its position more accurately. In some examples, in a case where the first terminal device has a NLOS path, and the assistant information includes the NLOS bias of the first terminal device, the second terminal device may adjust positioning and / or sensing measurements based on the NLOS bias, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy.
[0153] In some examples, in a case where the assistant information includes the multi-path measurement of the first terminal device and the multi-path measurement may include a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurement and / or received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, the second terminal device may calculate its position based on these measurements of the first terminal device, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy. In some examples, in a case where the assistant information includes positioning and / or sensing measurements of the first terminal device, the second terminal device may also calculate its position based on these measurements of the first terminal device, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy. For example, a known position of the first terminal device may help the second terminal device calibrate NLOS errors.
[0154] In a possible implementation, the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to the network node. Correspondingly, the network node receives the assistant information from the first terminal device.
[0155] In this case, the network node may obtain the assistant information, the network node may use the assistant information to help second terminal device’s positioning and / or sensing, thereby improving the positioning and / or sensing accuracy.
[0156] In an example where the network node is a TRP or LMF, and the at least one terminal device includes at least one UE, aspects of the present disclosure include methods of signaling the PRU designation to the NW device, the NW device may be the TRP or LMF. The methods may include the NW device sending the measurements of the PRU to other UEs. One example method is illustrated in the signaling diagram of FIG. 11. FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a TRP or LMF communicating with PRU and regular UE to perform sensing or positioning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, the communication process includes steps 1101 to 1103.
[0157] In step 1101, the TRP or LMF sends sensing or positioning signals to all the UEs. The TRP or LMF may also send configuration of the PRU eligibility criteria (not shown in the figure) , and the configuration of the PRU eligibility criteria may be understood as the one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to act as a PRU.
[0158] In step 1102, the UEs evaluate the number of LOS paths and check PRU eligibility criteria indicated by the TRP or LMF. The number of LOS paths may be one of the PRU eligibility criteria.
[0159] It is understood that the one or more conditions may be pre-configured by the TRP or the LMF, or it may be predefined.
[0160] In step 1103, UEs which satisfy the PRU eligibility criteria feedback a flag indication indicating the eligibility to act as a PRU. The flag indication may be the first indication information in the method 1000.
[0161] In step 1104, the regular UE may send a flag indication indicating that it is not an eligible PRU. The regular UE refers to a UE which cannot be eligible to act as a PRU or cannot satisfy the PRU eligibility criteria provided by the TRP or LMF. One example of the flag indication includes a dynamic or spectrum indication of positioning reliability.
[0162] In a possible implementation, the regular UE may send nothing to the TRP or LMF.
[0163] In step 1105, the TRP or LMF fuses (or integrates, or combines) the measurements from the eligible UE (PRU) and extract information (i.e., assistant information, which may also be called positioning or sensing assistant information) to be shared with other UEs. The assistant information may include position of the VTP, NLOS bias, positioning error associated with VTP, sensing measurement, number of paths, multi-path related information, etc.
[0164] In step 1106, the TRP or LMF sends the positioning or sensing assistant information to the regular UE which has a low reliability of positioning or sensing performance. The regular UE may utilize this positioning or sensing assistant information to improve their positioning accuracy.
[0165] In another possible implementation, the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices. Correspondingly, the second terminal device may receive the assistant information from the first terminal device.
[0166] In this case, the assistant information does not need to be forwarded by the network node, and the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to the second terminal device directly, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
[0167] In some examples, in a case where the first terminal device transmits the assistant information to the second terminal device directly, the first terminal device may obtain second indication information in advance. In a possible implementation, the network node may transmit second indication information to the first terminal device. The second indication information may indicate at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information. Correspondingly, the first terminal device receives the second indication information from the network node. Then the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to one or more second terminal devices based on the second indication information. Correspondingly, the second terminal device receives the assistant information from the first terminal device.
[0168] In this case, the first terminal device may transmit assistant information to the second terminal device based on the second indication information. In this way, the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to a specific second terminal device, which may avoid the interference and resource waste.
[0169] In some implementations, the first indication information may include a subspace in which the second terminal device (or a plurality of second terminal devices) may be located. In this case, the first terminal device may broadcast the assistant information over the specified subspace direction.
[0170] In an example where the network node is a TRP or LMF, and the at least one terminal device includes at least one UE, aspects of the present disclosure include methods of signaling the PRU designation to other UEs. The methods may include the PRU directly sending the measurements to other UEs via a side-link. FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of a PRU communicating with a regular UE within a side-link channel. As shown in FIG. 12, the PRU transmits information to the regular UE within the side-link channel, and the information may include the assistant information.
[0171] An example method is illustrated in the signaling diagram of FIG. 13. FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a TRP or LMF communicating with PRU and regular UE to perform sensing or positioning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 13, the communication process includes steps 1301 to 1307.
[0172] In step 1301, the TRP or LMF sends sensing or positioning signals to all the UEs. The TRP or LMF may also send configuration of the PRU eligibility criteria (not shown in the figure) , and the configuration of the PRU eligibility criteria may be understood as the one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to act as a PRU.
[0173] In step 1302, the UEs evaluate the number of LOS paths and PRU eligibility criteria indicated by the TRP or LMF.
[0174] The PRU eligibility criteria may be understood as the one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to act as a PRU.
[0175] In step 1303, UEs which satisfy the criteria feedback a flag indication indicating the eligibility to act as a PRU.
[0176] In step 1304, the regular UE may send a flag indication indicating that it is not an eligible PRU. An example of the flag indication includes a dynamic or spectrum indication of positioning reliability. The flag indication may be the first indication information in the method 1000.
[0177] In step 1305, the TRP or LMF fuses the measurements from the eligible UE (PRU) and extract information (i.e., assistant information, which may also be called positioning assistant information) to be shared with other UEs.
[0178] In step 1306, after identifying the UE eligible to act as PRU, the TRP or LMF sends information about side-link IDs of the regular UEs with low positioning reliability to the eligible UE (PRU) .
[0179] In step 1307, the eligible UE (PRU) sends positioning assistant information to the regular UE.
[0180] In an example where the network node is a TRP or LMF, and the at least one terminal device includes at least one UE, aspects of the present disclosure relate to sending assistant information to a UE to be designated as a PRU. The LOS condition of the UE may be determined with the UE itself or be TRP-based. The UE-based determination may rely on various metrics, e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP) , multi-path measurement, AoA, machine learning techniques, etc., while the final decision is on the NW side. The TRPs may perform mono-static sensing to find the LOS condition with UEs, and the NW device may identify the UE with at least 3 LOS paths to be designated as PRU. It is noted that 3 is just an example. In this way, the NW device may inform the UE about LOS condition without performing an extra measurement. In some aspects, for UE-based bi-static sensing, finding the UEs with LOS condition may be beneficial in terms of environment aware LOS positioning.
[0181] Some aspects relate to sending the LOS condition to the UE as assistant information. The eligible UE shall send a flag to the NW device, while it may declare its PRU designation with other nearby regular UEs within side-link and serve as a PRU to enhance the positioning accuracy and sensing capability within bi-static sensing.
[0182] An implementation is described in FIG. 14. FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a TRP or LMF communicating with PRU and regular UE to perform sensing or positioning in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 14, the communication process includes steps 1401 to 1407.
[0183] In step 1401, the TRP or LMF sends sensing or positioning signals to all the UEs. The TRP or LMF may also send configuration of the PRU eligibility criteria (not shown in the figure) , and the configuration of the PRU eligibility criteria may be understood as the one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to act as a PRU.
[0184] In step 1402, the TRP or LMF sends LOS condition to the PRU. The TRP or LMF may use mono-static sensing to identify the UE with LOS and send the LOS condition to the UEs.
[0185] In step 1403, the UEs evaluate the number of LOS paths, and check PRU eligibility criteria indicated by the TRP or LMF. The PRU eligibility criteria may be understood as the one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to be the PRU.
[0186] In step 1404, UEs which satisfy the PRU eligibility criteria feedback a flag indication indicating their eligibility to be designated as PRU. The flag indication may be the first indication information in the method 1000.
[0187] In step 1405, the regular UEs sends a flag indication indicating that it is not an eligible PRU.
[0188] In step 1406, the TRP or LMF fuses the measurements of the eligible UE (PRU) and extract information (i.e., assistant information, which may also be called positioning or sensing assistant information) to be shared with other UEs.
[0189] In step 1407, the TRP or LMF sends the positioning or sensing assistant information to the regular UE.
[0190] In some examples, the assistant information is transmitted based on a request from the network node. In this case, the network node may transmit third indication information to the first terminal device, where the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information. Correspondingly, the first terminal device receives the third indication information from the network node. Then the first terminal device may transmit the assistant information to the network node based on the third indication information. Correspondingly, the network node receives the assistant information.
[0191] In this case, the network node may control the transmission of the assistant information based on its requirements, thereby improving the flexibility of the transmission and avoiding resource waste. For example, the network node may control, based on variations of network load or emergent service requirements, the first terminal device to transmit the assistant information, thereby reducing unnecessary transmission (such as repetitive reporting in a case where a signal quality does not change) and reducing power consumption.
[0192] In another possible implementation, the network node may transmit request information, where the request information is used for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as a PRU.
[0193] In an example where the network node is a TRP or LMF, and the at least one terminal device includes at least one UE, the NW device may see all the UE as a regular UE by default, where TRP may only request a flag indication from designated UE (PRU) . In this case, no explicit indication is needed for non-eligible UEs, and thus this implementation may be more practical in terms of signaling overhead and complexity.
[0194] In an example where the network node is a TRP or LMF, and the at least one terminal device includes at least one UE, aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method for indicating the designated UE as a PRU. For example, the method involves the LMF or TRP asking the UE to indicate its PRU eligibility with a binary flag indicating the potential UE to be designated as PRU. It may be done either within NW device side or UE side by checking the LOS path.
[0195] The first terminal device indicating its eligibility to be designated as PRU to the network node may be performed by a dynamic or spectrum indication of positioning reliability. For example, a dynamic range of indication by the UE indicates its positioning reliability. The NW device may decide a threshold to select the designated UE as PRU. The dynamic range representing the positioning reliability may be normalized, e.g., [0, 1] . One example method involves sending the threshold configuration to the UE. The eligible UE may feedback to the TRP. If UE is eligible to be designated as PRU, it raises a flag and it may send more information about its measurement based on pre-configuration instructed by the NW device. If it is not eligible to act as a PRU, UE may wait for the additional information, e.g., positioning assistant information, such as position of the VTP, NLOS bias, positioning error associated with VTP, sensing measurement, number of paths, etc. In another implementation, the eligible UE may send only the binary flag and wait for the NW device for further instruction, e.g., multi-path measurement, AoA measurement, etc.
[0196] For another example, the PRU eligibility may be a probability instead of a binary, so in that case, it would be a number between 0 and 1, where the closer the number to 1 means there is a higher probability of a UE to act as a PRU. For example, the PRU eligibility indication may be expressed as log likelihood ratio, i.e. the PRU indication may be expressed as where Prob refers to probability.
[0197] The methods according to the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 10 to 14. Next, the devices (i.e., apparatuses) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
[0198] These apparatuses may be used to realize the functions of the first terminal device, second terminal device or network node in the method embodiments, and therefore may also achieve the beneficial effects of the method embodiments.
[0199] As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus 510 may include a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. The communication unit 513 may include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the first terminal device, second terminal device or network node in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10.
[0200] In a case where the apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the first terminal device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10, the receiving unit is configured to receive configuration information, where the configuration information is used for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of the first terminal device to act as a PRU. The transmitting unit is configured to transmit first indication information based on the configuration information, where the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0201] In some embodiments, the one or more conditions include at least one of: a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold; being capable of multi-path measurement; a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold; a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold; or being capable of non-3GPP positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
[0202] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit assistant information, where the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.
[0203] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the assistant information to a network node.
[0204] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices.
[0205] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is configured to receive second indication information, where the second indication information indicates at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information, and the transmitting unit is configured to transmit, based on the second indication information, the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices.
[0206] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is configured to receive third indication information, where the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information.
[0207] In some embodiments, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, wherein the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0208] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is configured to receive request information, where the request information is used for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0209] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is configured to receive a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing, and the transmitting unit is configured to transmit first indication information based on the configuration information and the signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing.
[0210] In a case where the apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the second terminal device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10, the receiving unit is configured to receive assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to act as PRUs.
[0211] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit second indication information, where the second indication information indicates at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information, and the receiving unit is configured to receive, based on the second indication information, the assistant information.
[0212] In some embodiments, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, where the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0213] In a case where the apparatus 510 is used to implement the functions of the network node in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit configuration information, where the configuration information is used for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a first terminal device to act as a PRU; and the receiving unit is configured to receive first indication information, where the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0214] In some embodiments, the one or more conditions include at least one of: a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold; being capable of multi-path measurement; a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold; a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold; or being capable of non-3GPP positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.
[0215] In some embodiments, the receiving unit is configured to receive assistant information, where the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.
[0216] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit third indication information, where the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information.
[0217] In some embodiments, the assistant information includes at least one of: a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals; a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points; a number of communication paths of the first terminal device; a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, where the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection; a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; or positioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.
[0218] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit request information, where the request information is used for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.
[0219] In some embodiments, the transmitting unit is further configured to transmit a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing.
[0220] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, without special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and may be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments may be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.
[0221] It will be understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the apparatus 510 include corresponding hardware and / or software modules for implementing various functions of the terminal device and the NTN device. Those skilled persons in the art should easily realize that the embodiments of present disclosure may be implemented in the form of a hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions.
[0222] As shown in FIG. 4, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processor 411 and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 is used to implement the functions of the first terminal device, second device or network node in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10.
[0223] In a case where the apparatus 410 is used to implement the functions of the first terminal device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10, the apparatus 410 includes one or more processors and an interface circuit coupled to the one or more processors and configured to: receive configuration information, where the configuration information is used for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) ; and transmit, based on the configuration information, first indication information, where the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as a PRU.
[0224] In a case where the apparatus 410 is used to implement the functions of the second terminal device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10, the apparatus 410 includes one or more processors and an interface circuit coupled to the one or more processors and configured to: receive request information, where the request information is used for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as a PRU.
[0225] In a case where the apparatus 410 is used to implement the functions of the network node in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 10, the apparatus 410 includes one or more processors and an interface circuit coupled to the one or more processors and configured to: transmit configuration information, where the configuration information is used for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a terminal device to act as a PRU; and receive first indication information, where the first indication information indicates that a first terminal device is eligible to act as a PRU.
[0226] The one or more processors may include components such as, but not limited to, a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array, or application specific integrated circuit. The interface circuit may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor.
[0227] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon. The computer program or instructions are used for implementing the method corresponding to the first terminal device, second device or network node as described above.
[0228] The computer-readable storage medium may be a memory or a storage unit. The computer-readable storage medium may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0229] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program (which may also be referred to as a code, or instructions) . When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer performs the method corresponding to the first terminal device, second device or network node as described above.
[0230] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0231] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0232] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0233] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0234] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0235] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B;A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0236] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0237] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0238] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0239] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method performed at a first terminal device, the communication method comprising:receiving configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of the first terminal device to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) ; andtransmitting first indication information based on the configuration information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.2.The communication method of claim 1, wherein the one or more conditions comprise at least one of:a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold;being capable of multi-path measurement;a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold;a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold; orbeing capable of non-3GPP positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.3.The communication method of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:transmitting assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.4.The communication method of claim 3, wherein transmitting the assistant information, comprises:transmitting the assistant information to a network node.5.The communication method of claim 3, wherein transmitting the assistant information, comprises:transmitting the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices.6.The communication method of claim 5, further comprising:receiving second indication information, wherein the second indication information indicates at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information, whereintransmitting the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices, comprises:transmitting, based on the second indication information, the assistant information to the one or more second terminal devices.7.The communication method of any of claims 3 to 6, further comprising:receiving third indication information, wherein the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information.8.The communication method of any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the assistant information comprises at least one of:a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals;a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points;a number of communication paths of the first terminal device;a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, wherein the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection;a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; orpositioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.9.The communication method of any of claims 1 to 8, further comprising:receiving request information for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.10.The communication method of any of claims 1 to 9, further comprising:receiving a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing; andtransmitting first indication information, comprises:transmitting, based on the configuration information and the signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing, first indication information.11.A communication method performed at a second terminal device, the communication method comprising:receiving assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to act as PRUs.12.The communication method of claim 11, further comprising:transmitting second indication information, wherein the second indication information indicates at least one of: an ID of the one or more second terminal devices or side-link information, whereinreceiving the assistant information, comprises:receiving, based on the second indication information, the assistant information.13.The communication method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the assistant information comprises at least one of:a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals;a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points;a number of communication paths of the first terminal device;a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, wherein the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection;a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; orpositioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.14.A communication method performed at a network node, the communication method comprising:transmitting configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a first terminal device to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) ; andreceiving first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.15.The communication method of claim 14, wherein the one or more conditions comprise at least one of:a number of lines of sight (LOSs) being greater than or equal to a first threshold;being capable of multi-path measurement;a resolution of angle of arrival (AOA) detection being greater than or equal to a second threshold;a resolution of delay detection being greater than or equal to a third threshold; orbeing capable of non-3GPP positioning with a reliability greater than or equal to a fourth threshold.16.The communication method of claim 14 or 15, further comprising:receiving assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.17.The communication method of any of claims 14 to 16, further comprising:transmitting third indication information, wherein the third indication information indicates transmitting the assistant information.18.The communication method of any of claims 14 to 17, wherein the assistant information comprises at least one of:a position of one or more virtual transmission points, and the virtual transmission points indicate originating points of reflecting signals;a positioning error of the one or more virtual transmission points;a number of communication paths of the first terminal device;a non-line of sight (NLOS) bias of the first terminal device, wherein the NLOS bias is a bias between an actual location of the first terminal device and an estimated position of the first terminal device in delay detection;a multi-path measurement of the first terminal device; orpositioning measurements, sensing measurements, or positioning and sensing measurements of the first terminal device.19.The communication method of any of claims 14 to 18, further comprising:transmitting request information for requesting the first terminal device to report the first indication information in a case where the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.20.The communication method of any of claims 14 to 19, further comprising:transmitting a signal for positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing.21.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, any one of claims 11 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 20.22.A communication apparatus, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of the apparatus to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) , anda transmitting unit configured to transmit first indication information based on the configuration information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the apparatus is eligible to act as the PRU.23.A communication apparatus, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to be PRUs.24.A communication apparatus, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a first terminal device to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) ; anda receiving unit configured to receive first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.25.A communication apparatus, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit coupled to the one or more processors and configured to:receive configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of the apparatus to act as a positioning reference unit (PRU) ; andtransmit first indication information based on the configuration information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the apparatus is eligible to act as the PRU.26.A communication apparatus, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit coupled to the one or more processors and configured to:receive assistant information, wherein the assistant information is used for assisting in positioning, sensing, or both positioning and sensing one or more second terminal devices, and the one or more second terminal devices are not eligible to act as PRUs.27.A communication apparatus, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit coupled to the one or more processors and configured to:transmit configuration information for configuring one or more conditions for determining an eligibility of a first terminal device to be act a positioning reference unit (PRU) ; andreceive first indication information, wherein the first indication information indicates that the first terminal device is eligible to act as the PRU.28.The communication apparatus of claim 25, 26 or 27, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.29.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, any one of claims 11 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 20.30.A system comprising a first apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, a second apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 13, and a network device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 20.31.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, any one of claims 11 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 20.32.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10, any one of claims 11 to 13 or any one of claims 14 to 20.