Power supply circuit, monitoring method therefor, and server

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of servers, and discloses a power supply circuit, a monitoring method therefor, and a server. The number of at least one first protection assembly arranged on each power supply branch and a first protection threshold can be adjusted on the basis of a power supply demand of a load mounted on a power node connected to the power supply branch, so that the power supply branches can differentially match respective dynamic load demands, thereby solving the technical problem of false tripping and failure to trip of protection assemblies, ensuring accurate triggering of a protection action under different load states, and achieving the technical effects of reducing the occurrences of false tripping and failure to trip, and improving operational safety and reliability of the server.

Description

A power supply circuit and its monitoring method, a server

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510378507.9, filed on March 28, 2025, entitled “A power supply circuit and its monitoring method, and a server”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of server technology, and in particular to a power supply circuit and its monitoring method, and a server. Background Technology

[0004] With the rapid development of technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the demand for server computing power is growing exponentially. The integration of high-power devices such as multi-core CPUs (Central Processing Units), GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) clusters, and accelerator cards has significantly increased the power input of a single server. Therefore, server systems adopt a multi-path independent power supply architecture to support the voltage and current requirements of different loads. To protect against abnormal circuit current, one-time fuses or mechanical circuit breakers are added to the power supply branches as protective components. However, these devices have fixed protection thresholds and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time power consumption of the load, thus posing a risk of over-protection or under-protection. In addition, fuses require manual replacement after tripping, which seriously affects the continuous operation of high-availability servers.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a solution to the above-mentioned technical problems is a problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a power supply circuit and its monitoring method, as well as a server, to at least solve the technical problems of false and missed disconnections in protection components with fixed protection thresholds in related technologies.

[0007] This application provides a power supply circuit, including:

[0008] Multiple power supply branches, with the first end of each branch connected to the power output terminal of the power supply and the second end connected to the corresponding power node.

[0009] At least one first protection component is connected in series on the power supply branch. The first protection component is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch it is located in and disconnect in response to a first signal. The number of first protection components and the first protection threshold on the power supply branch are determined based on the power supply requirements of the loads connected to the power nodes of the power supply branch.

[0010] A control component is connected to at least one first protection component on at least one power supply branch. The control component is configured to output a first signal when the power supply parameter detected by the first protection component reaches the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component.

[0011] This application also provides a power supply circuit monitoring method, applied to the power supply circuit described above, wherein the power supply circuit includes multiple power supply branches, and the power supply circuit monitoring method includes:

[0012] Obtain the power supply parameters of the power supply branch detected by at least one first protection component connected in series on the power supply branch;

[0013] When the power supply parameters detected by the first protection component reach the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component, the first protection component is disconnected.

[0014] This application also provides a server, including at least one power supply and a power supply circuit as described above connected to the power supply.

[0015] Through this application, since the number of at least one first protection component and the first protection threshold set on each power supply branch can be adjusted according to the power supply demand of the load mounted on the power node connected to the power supply branch, the dynamic load demand is matched differently for each power supply branch, which solves the technical problem of false disconnection and missed disconnection of the protection component, ensures that the protection action is accurately triggered under different load conditions, and achieves the technical effect of reducing false disconnection and missed disconnection and improving the operational safety and reliability of the server. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a detection module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second power supply circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the third power supply circuit provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a power supply circuit monitoring method provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0023] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0024] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Firstly, referring to Figure 1, this application provides a power supply circuit, including:

[0026] Multiple power supply branches 1, the first end of power supply branch 1 is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply, and the second end of power supply branch 1 is connected to the corresponding power node;

[0027] At least one first protection component 2 is connected in series on the power supply branch 1. The first protection component 2 is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch 1 to which it is located and disconnect in response to a first signal. The number of first protection components 2 on the power supply branch 1 and the first protection threshold are determined based on the power supply requirements of the loads connected to the power nodes connected to the power supply branch 1.

[0028] The control component 3 is connected to at least one first protection component 2 on at least one power supply branch 1. The control component 3 is configured to output a first signal when the power supply parameter detected by the first protection component 2 reaches the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component 2.

[0029] In this embodiment, the server includes a power supply. The power supply output is connected to different power nodes (the first power node G1 and the second power node G2 in Figure 1) through multiple independent power supply branches 1. Each power node is connected to at least one load. Thus, the power supply circuit of the power supply in this embodiment includes multiple power supply branches 1. Figure 1 shows eight loads, namely the first load z1 and the second load z2 connected to the first power node G1, and the third load z3, the fourth load z4, the fifth load z5, the sixth load z6, the seventh load z7 and the eighth load z8 connected to the second power node G2.

[0030] Each power supply branch 1 includes at least one first protection component 2. Each first protection component 2 has its own corresponding first protection threshold. The number of first protection components 2 and the magnitude of the first protection threshold on each power supply branch 1 are determined based on the power supply requirements of the load connected to the power node at the rear end of that power supply branch 1. This allows different branches to flexibly configure protection components according to their load characteristics (such as power size, current demand, etc.) to achieve differentiated protection. For example, for loads with high power requirements, the number of protection components can be increased or the threshold adjusted to ensure that power is not interrupted due to malfunction of the protection components under high load; while for loads with low power requirements, the protection threshold can be appropriately reduced to improve protection sensitivity. The first protection component 2 is used to detect the power supply parameters on its own power supply branch 1 and transmit the power supply parameters to the control component 3. When the control component 3 determines that the power supply parameters on the power supply branch 1 reach the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component 2, it triggers a protection action, outputs a first signal, and the first protection component 2 disconnects the power supply branch 1 under the drive of the first signal, thereby disconnecting the power supply to the power node at the rear end of the power supply branch 1. The control component 3 is connected to at least one first protection component 2 on at least one power supply branch 1. When the first protection component 2 detects that the power supply parameter reaches its corresponding first protection threshold, the control component 3 will output a first signal to trigger the protection action.

[0031] Protection components in related technologies often employ fixed thresholds and configurations, making them prone to false trips (tripping when they shouldn't) or missed trips (failing to trip when they should) when load changes occur. This application, through differentiated configuration, enables more precise protection actions, effectively reducing false and missed trips. With precise protection actions, the power supply circuit can promptly cut off power in case of abnormal loads (such as short circuits or overloads), preventing the fault from escalating and thus improving the operational safety and reliability of servers and other equipment. It is understood that servers typically need to power multiple modules with different power and functions simultaneously. The differentiated protection mechanism of this embodiment ensures that each module receives precise protection under its respective load conditions, thereby guaranteeing the stable operation of the server.

[0032] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply branch 1 is provided with a plurality of first protection components 2, and the plurality of first protection components 2 are connected in parallel.

[0033] In this embodiment, multiple first protection components 2 are connected in parallel on the same power supply branch 1. These components share the current and voltage of the power supply branch 1, but each component can independently detect power supply parameters and trigger protection actions. When the power supply parameters (such as current and voltage) of the power supply branch 1 change, each parallel first protection component 2 independently detects the parameter. If the parameter detected by a protection component reaches its set first protection threshold, the control component 3 outputs a first signal, driving the parallel first protection component in that power supply branch 1 to disconnect the power supply branch 1. Furthermore, the multiple parallel first protection components 2 can simultaneously detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch 1, increasing detection redundancy. Even if one protection component malfunctions or misjudges, the other protection components can still operate normally and trigger protection actions, thereby improving the reliability of the entire power supply circuit.

[0034] In this embodiment, each parallel first protection component 2 can be set with different protection thresholds, thereby achieving multi-level protection for the power supply branch 1. For example, a first protection component 2 with a low threshold can be set to detect minor abnormalities, while a first protection component 2 with a high threshold can be set to deal with serious faults, thus allowing for more precise control over the triggering conditions of the protection action. The parallel first protection components 2 can be flexibly configured according to the load characteristics connected to the power supply branch 1. For complex loads (such as devices containing multiple different power requirements), multiple protection components can be set to deal with different types of abnormalities, thereby better adapting to dynamic load demands.

[0035] Furthermore, in the event of a large current surge, the multiple first protection components 2 connected in parallel can share the current. Each first protection component 2 will share a portion of the current according to its own characteristics (such as resistance, conductivity, etc.), thereby reducing the burden on a single component. The multiple first protection components 2 connected in parallel can simultaneously detect abnormalities in the power supply branch 1. Once a component detects a large current surge and triggers a protection action, the control component 3 can quickly output a signal to cut off the power supply branch 1. This multi-point detection mechanism can shorten the response time, cut off the power supply more quickly, and prevent large current surges from causing serious damage to the circuit.

[0036] As some embodiments, in addition to the parallel protection components, protective elements (such as inductors, resistors, or positive temperature coefficient resistors) can be connected in series to further limit the current. These elements can provide additional impedance during large current surges, slowing the rate of current rise. For example, a series inductor can effectively suppress rapid current changes, thereby reducing the stress of large current surges on the parallel protection components.

[0037] In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of first protection components 2 connected in parallel includes at least one redundant protection component, the first protection threshold of the redundant protection component is greater than the first protection threshold of the main protection component, and the main protection component is the first protection component 2 other than the redundant protection component among the plurality of first protection components 2 connected in parallel.

[0038] This embodiment introduces redundant protection components. Taking a power supply branch 1 as an example, the multiple first protection components 2 on power supply branch 1 include a main protection component and a redundant protection component. The main protection component is the primary protection element on power supply branch 1, and its first protection threshold is set according to normal operating conditions and load requirements. It is used to trigger protection action and disconnect power supply branch 1 under normal abnormal conditions (such as minor overcurrent, overvoltage, etc.). The first protection threshold of the redundant protection component is higher than that of the main protection component, which means that it will not trigger protection action under normal conditions. Its main function is as a backup, providing additional protection when the main protection component fails or cannot cope with extreme abnormal conditions (such as high current surge, severe short circuit, etc.). The main protection component and the redundant protection component together constitute a dual protection mechanism. The main protection component is responsible for handling common abnormal conditions, while the redundant protection component provides additional protection under extreme conditions, ensuring that power supply branch 1 can be protected under various abnormal conditions. Even if the main protection component fails to trigger protection action due to fault or misjudgment, the redundant protection component can still play a role, avoiding equipment damage or safety accidents caused by protection failure.

[0039] The high protection threshold of the redundant protection components enables them to withstand larger current surges. Under high current surge conditions, the main protection component may be damaged or fail to respond in time due to excessive current. In this case, the redundant protection component can trigger protection action, cutting off power supply branch 1, thereby protecting the circuit. The parallel main protection component and the redundant protection component can share the current, reducing the burden on individual components. The high threshold design of the redundant protection component allows it to absorb more energy during high current surges, thus enhancing the surge resistance of the entire power supply branch 1.

[0040] In some exemplary embodiments, the first protection component 2 includes:

[0041] The detection module installed on the power supply branch 1 has its first end connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and its sampling output terminal connected to the control component 3. The detection module is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch 1 in which it is located.

[0042] The switch module located on the power supply branch 1 has its first end connected to the second end of the detection module, the second end connected to the corresponding power node, and its control end connected to the control component 3. The switch module is configured to disconnect in response to the first signal.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first protection component 2 includes a switch module and a detection module. The switch module and the detection module adopt a separate design and are connected in series in the power supply branch 1. Specifically, the first end of the switch module is connected to the second end of the detection module, and the second end is connected to the corresponding power node. The control end of the switch module is connected to the control component 3. The detection module is set on the power supply branch 1. The first end of the detection module is connected to the power output end of the power supply, and the sampling output end of the detection module is connected to the control component 3. It is used to detect the power supply parameters (such as voltage, current, temperature, etc.) on the power supply branch 1 in real time and feed the power supply parameters back to the control component 3. Specifically, it can be transmitted to the control component 3 through analog signals or digital communication (such as ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) conversion). Based on the power supply parameters monitored by the detection module, the control component 3 determines whether the power supply parameters meet the abnormal protection conditions. If so, it sends a first signal to the switch module on the power supply branch 1 where the detection module is located. After receiving the first signal, the switch module disconnects, thereby cutting off the power supply branch 1 and stopping the power supply to the load on the power supply branch 1, while other branches continue to operate normally. Specifically, the switching module can be equipped with electronic fuses. These components have high voltage resistance and fast response characteristics, which can quickly disconnect the power supply branch 1 and prevent the fault from spreading.

[0044] In this embodiment, the detection module and the switching module are configured independently to avoid mutual interference between monitoring and execution functions, ensuring that only the faulty branch is disconnected while the non-faulty parts remain unaffected. The modular design allows for individual replacement of detection or switching components, reducing maintenance costs. When adding a branch, only the module combination needs to be copied, without reconstructing the entire system. The detection signal is separated from the first signal (e.g., using opto-isolation technology), reducing the interference of electromagnetic noise in the power supply circuit on the control logic.

[0045] In some exemplary embodiments, the detection module includes at least one sampling resistor, the first end of which is connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and the second end of which is connected to the control component 3.

[0046] In this embodiment, the detection module includes at least one sampling resistor. The first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and the second end is connected to the control component 3. The current in the power supply branch 1 is detected through the sampling resistor. Specifically, the voltage drop across the sampling resistor is proportional to the current flowing through the resistor. By detecting this voltage drop, the current in the power supply branch 1 can be calculated. The selection of the sampling resistor needs to be determined based on the current range and accuracy requirements of the power supply branch 1 to ensure the accuracy of the detection.

[0047] In some exemplary embodiments, referring to FIG2, the detection module includes a conductor segment on the board that connects a power input terminal and a power output terminal, and measuring points located at both ends of the conductor segment. The measuring points are connected to the control component 3. The power input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and the power output terminal is connected to the corresponding load. Both the load and the control component 3 are located on the board.

[0048] In this embodiment, the detection module can either use an external sampling resistor to sample power supply parameters, or reserve a conductor segment with a preset impedance (which can be a copper foil trace on the PCB or a dedicated metal strip) in the board to function as a sampling resistor. One end of the conductor segment is connected to the power input terminal on the board, and the other end is connected to the power output terminal. The power input terminal is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply, and the power output terminal is connected to the corresponding load on the board. Measurement points are provided at both ends of the conductor segment, and these points are connected to the control component 3 via connecting lines. Specifically, the measurement points are connected to the differential input port of the control component 3 via connecting lines to eliminate lead resistance errors. The control component 3 obtains the voltage drop across the conductor segment to sample the power supply parameters on power supply branch 1. Based on the target detection accuracy and current range, the inherent impedance of the conductor segment is calculated by adjusting its length L, width W, and material (such as the resistivity of copper foil). The size of the conductor segment can be set according to actual engineering needs to meet the sampling accuracy and path loss requirements; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations.

[0049] Among them, the boards with reserved conductor segments are those for deploying load and switching modules. By reserving conductor segments with preset impedances in the boards, the area occupied by discrete components can be reduced, making them suitable for high-density board designs (such as server power supply boards). The conductor segments are integrally molded with the board, avoiding problems such as desoldering or poor contact of discrete resistors due to vibration and temperature changes. Parasitic parameters (inductance, capacitance) are controllable, which is beneficial for signal integrity in high-frequency scenarios. Because no additional sampling resistors are required, and the detection modules can be flexibly arranged on the board to adapt to different circuit design and layout requirements.

[0050] In some exemplary embodiments, the conductor segment is composed of at least one conductive layer on the board.

[0051] In this embodiment, the conductor segment can be composed of a single conductive layer on the circuit board or multiple conductive layers. Specifically, the conductive layer can be a copper layer or other conductive material layer on the circuit board. Copper and other conductive materials have excellent conductivity, ensuring efficient current transmission within the conductor segment and reducing energy loss. The conductor segment can also be viewed as a current transmission channel, with the distance between the two sides of the channel being width W. The channel is preferably a parallel channel. Specifically, a rectangular conductor segment can be selected, with a consistent width along the path to ensure standardized impedance parameters.

[0052] In some exemplary embodiments, the conductor segment is a multilayer structure composed of multiple interconnected conductive layers, and multiple interconnected vias are provided on both the power input terminal and the power output terminal.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the conductor segment is composed of multiple interconnected conductive layers, multiple interconnecting vias are provided on the power input and power output terminals. These interconnecting vias are vertical channels connecting different conductive layers, allowing current to flow between different layers. By rationally designing the number and distribution of vias, a balanced current distribution among the layers can be ensured, preventing excessive current in any one layer from causing overheating or damage. It is understood that multilayer structures allow for the arrangement of more circuits within a limited space, increasing circuit integration and density, helping to reduce interference and crosstalk in signal transmission, and improving signal integrity.

[0054] The number of interconnect vias is typically determined by the circuit's current requirements. For example, if a circuit needs to carry 30A of current, the number of vias will usually be 30 or more to ensure even current distribution. The number of interconnect vias can also be reduced appropriately, but it must be ensured that it does not affect the balanced current distribution and circuit performance. The via arrangement can be dense or sparse, depending on the circuit design requirements and the PCB manufacturer's manufacturing capabilities.

[0055] In some exemplary embodiments, the conductive layer constituting the conductor segment is disposed on a different layer of the board from the power input terminal and the power output terminal, and the conductive layer constituting the conductor segment is connected to the power input terminal and the power output terminal through vias; or, the conductive layer constituting the conductor segment is disposed on the same layer of the board from the power input terminal and the power output terminal.

[0056] In this embodiment, the power input terminal and power output terminal can specifically be the power input copper foil and power output copper foil on the circuit board. In this embodiment, the layout design of the conductor segments and the power input and power output terminals has a certain degree of flexibility, mainly existing in the following two situations:

[0057] The conductor segments and power terminals are arranged in a layered layout, meaning the conductive layer constituting the conductor segments is located on a different layer from the power input and power output terminals. In this case, the conductive layer constituting the conductor segments is connected to the power input and power output terminals via vias. Vias, a common connection method in PCB design, enable electrical connections between different layers, ensuring that current can be smoothly transmitted from the power input terminals to the conductor segments, and then from the conductor segments to the power output terminals, ultimately connecting to the corresponding loads. This layered layout optimizes the space utilization of the board, especially in high-density board designs, effectively alleviating wiring pressure on the same layer and providing more space for the placement of other components and traces.

[0058] The conductor segment and power terminals are arranged on the same layer, with the conductive layer constituting the conductor segment and the power input / output terminals located on the same layer of the circuit board. Specifically, the power input and power output terminals can be the power input copper foil and power output copper foil on the circuit board. The copper foil of the conductor segment and the power input / output copper foil can be located on the same layer or on different layers. When the copper foil of the conductor segment is multi-layered, one layer can be located on the same layer as the power input / output copper foil. This same-layer layout can simplify the circuit board manufacturing process in some cases, reduce the number of vias, and lower potential reliability issues and manufacturing costs caused by vias. Simultaneously, the same-layer layout facilitates routing optimization and debugging during the design phase, allowing for more intuitive observation and adjustment of the connection relationship between the conductor segment and the power terminals, ensuring the efficiency and stability of the current transmission path.

[0059] In some exemplary embodiments, the conductor segment includes a first side and a second side of equal length, and the measuring point includes a first measuring point on the first side and a second measuring point on the second side. The first measuring point is connected to a first detection line, and the second measuring point is connected to a second detection line. The first detection line and the second detection line are connected to the control component 3 in a differential pair configuration. The first detection line and the second detection line are disposed on different layers of the conductor segment on the board.

[0060] In this embodiment, the conductor segment includes a first side and a second side of equal length. The measuring points include a first measuring point located on the first side (as shown in Figure 2 at the bridgehead) and a second measuring point located on the second side (as shown in Figure 2 at the bridge tail). This symmetrical measuring point layout helps to accurately obtain the voltage drop across the conductor segment, providing a reliable data basis for current calculation. The first measuring point is connected to the first detection line, and the second measuring point is connected to the second detection line. The first and second detection lines are connected to the control component 3 in a differential pair configuration. The differential pair connection method has good anti-interference performance, effectively improving the accuracy and stability of the detection signal. In high-speed signal transmission and precision measurement, the differential signal can cancel out the influence of external electromagnetic interference while reducing crosstalk between signals, ensuring that the detected voltage drop signal truly reflects the current change in the conductor segment.

[0061] Placing the first and second detection lines on different layers of the board from the conductor segment effectively utilizes the board's vertical space and avoids wiring conflicts between the conductor segment and detection lines on the same layer. Especially in high-density board designs, this layered layout provides greater flexibility for the placement of other components and traces, facilitating complex circuit designs and compact device layouts. It's understood that the conductor segment carries a large operating current, while the detection lines transmit a weak signal for detection. Layering them significantly reduces the mutual inductance impact of current variations in the conductor segment on the detection line signal, reducing noise interference and thus improving current detection accuracy. Furthermore, the layered layout helps reduce mutual interference between detection lines, ensuring the transmission quality of differential signals. In addition, during manufacturing, the layered layout optimizes the PCB manufacturing process. Clear functional partitioning of different layers improves production efficiency and yield. Simultaneously, reducing direct contact between the detection lines and high-current conductor segments lowers the risk of electrical failures due to manufacturing defects or during use, improving the overall reliability of the board.

[0062] In some exemplary embodiments, the multiple power supply branches 1 include a target power supply branch with a fault risk sub-branch;

[0063] Referring to Figure 3, the power supply circuit also includes:

[0064] At least one second protection component F is connected in series on the fault risk sub-circuit of the target power supply branch. The second protection component F is configured to disconnect when the power supply parameters of the fault risk sub-circuit to which it is located reach its corresponding second protection threshold.

[0065] In this embodiment, the power supply branch 1 with a fault risk sub-path is identified as the target power supply branch. A second protection component F is connected in series on the target power supply branch. When the power supply parameter (such as current) of the fault risk sub-path reaches the second protection threshold corresponding to the second protection component F, the second protection component F will disconnect, cutting off the power supply to that sub-path. The protection threshold of the second protection component F is usually lower than the threshold of the first protection component 2 (efuse), thus enabling more sensitive detection of smaller fault currents.

[0066] It is understandable that the low protection threshold of the second protection component F enables it to detect smaller fault currents more sensitively, thereby triggering protection actions more quickly and reducing the impact of the fault on the circuit. By adding the second protection component F to the fault-prone sub-circuit, only the faulty sub-circuit is disconnected without affecting the normal operation of the entire circuit, thus narrowing the scope of the fault's impact. The first protection component 2 (efuse) and the second protection component F (an additional fuse or efuse) together constitute a multi-layered protection mechanism, providing more comprehensive protection.

[0067] In practical applications, considering that servers require sequential power supply from different power rails during startup, the S0 timing branch typically has a high load power consumption. By adding a second protection component F to the fault-prone sub-circuit, the high-load branch can be effectively protected, preventing the entire branch from losing power due to a partial fault.

[0068] In some exemplary embodiments, the fault risk sub-circuit includes a sub-circuit on the power supply branch 1 that has pluggable loads and / or a sub-circuit that has more than a preset number of capacitors.

[0069] Considering that pluggable loads (such as pluggable modules or devices) may cause instantaneous changes in current or voltage when inserted or removed, thus increasing the risk of failure. For example, plugging and unplugging operations may cause short circuits, overcurrent, or overvoltage. Therefore, this embodiment identifies the sub-circuit with pluggable loads on power supply branch 1 as a fault-risk sub-circuit. Since instantaneous short circuits or overcurrents may occur when plugging or unplugging loads, by adding a second protection component F to these sub-circuits, the power supply to that sub-circuit can be quickly cut off when a fault occurs, preventing the fault from spreading to the entire power supply branch 1. Considering that capacitors may exert a significant impact on the circuit during charging and discharging, if the number of capacitors in a sub-circuit exceeds a preset value, it may cause large current surges or voltage fluctuations during circuit startup or load changes, thereby increasing the risk of failure. Therefore, this embodiment identifies the sub-circuit with more than a preset number of capacitors on power supply branch 1 as a fault-risk sub-circuit. Since a large number of capacitors may exert a significant impact on the circuit during charging and discharging, causing instantaneous changes in current or voltage. By adding a second protection component F to these sub-circuits, abnormal situations can be detected more sensitively, and power supply can be cut off in time to protect the circuit.

[0070] The protection threshold of the second protection component F is typically lower than that of the first protection component 2, in order to detect smaller fault currents more sensitively. For example, a lower overcurrent protection threshold can be set for subcircuits with pluggable loads; a lower overvoltage protection threshold can be set for subcircuits containing a large number of capacitors.

[0071] In one exemplary embodiment, the second protection component F includes a fuse.

[0072] In this embodiment, a fuse is a simple yet effective overcurrent protection device. When the current flowing through the fuse exceeds its rated value, the fuse wire inside the fuse will quickly melt and disconnect the circuit. This disconnection process is physical; once the current exceeds the threshold, the fuse will immediately activate, ensuring that the circuit is reliably disconnected in the event of an overcurrent. Compared to some electronic protection devices (such as efuse), the operation of a fuse is primarily based on the physical principle of melting and is not affected by electromagnetic interference or signal noise, thus making it more reliable in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0073] Using fuses as the secondary protection component F offers advantages such as low cost, high reliability, good thermal stability, and strong fault isolation capability. It effectively addresses overcurrent and short-circuit problems in fault-prone subcircuits, reducing the damage to the entire system and improving the reliability and safety of the power supply circuit. In practical applications, fuses can be used in conjunction with electronic protection devices (such as efuse) to form a multi-layered protection mechanism, further enhancing the system's protection capabilities.

[0074] In some exemplary embodiments, the first protection component 2 includes an electronic fuse. The first end of the electronic fuse is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply, and the second end of the electronic fuse is connected to the corresponding power node. The control terminal and sampling terminal of the electronic fuse are both connected to the control component 3. The electronic fuse integrates a sampling resistor and a switching transistor. The first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first end of the electronic fuse, and the second end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first end of the switching transistor. The second end of the switching transistor is connected to the second end of the electronic fuse, and the control terminal of the switching transistor is connected to the control terminal of the electronic fuse. The sampling terminal of the electronic fuse is configured to output the voltage signal across the sampling resistor. The power supply parameters of the power supply branch 1 include the voltage signal.

[0075] In this embodiment, a monolithically integrated electronic fuse can be selected. This electronic fuse integrates a sampling resistor and a switching transistor; that is, the sampling resistor and switching transistor in this embodiment are integrated designs. The sampling terminal of the electronic fuse outputs a voltage signal across the sampling resistor. This signal is used to monitor the current flowing through the electronic fuse. When the current exceeds a preset value, the control component 3 triggers the switching transistor to open via the control terminal, thereby cutting off the current and protecting the circuit. This embodiment can reduce the use of precision resistors and controllers, reducing the area occupied by the components on the board.

[0076] In some exemplary embodiments, referring to FIG4, the number of power supply branches 1 is greater than 2. The power nodes in FIG4 include a first power node G1, a second power node G2, a third power node G3, ..., an nth power node Gn. FIG4 shows 8 loads, namely a first load z1 and a second load z2 connected to the first power node G1, a third load z3 and a fourth load z4 connected to the second power node G2, a fifth load z5 and a sixth load z6 connected to the third power node G3, and a seventh load z7 and an eighth load z8 connected to the nth power node Gn.

[0077] In this embodiment, multiple power supply branches 1 can be divided for different loads. The number of power supply branches 1 is greater than 2. Each power supply branch 1 is independently equipped with an efuse protection device. The abnormal protection current threshold of each power supply branch 1 will be reduced, which can realize independent protection of branch faults. When a fault occurs in the circuit, each sub-circuit can achieve a more sensitive and faster protection action due to its small protection threshold.

[0078] In some exemplary embodiments, at least two of the multiple power supply branches 1 have different power-on sequences.

[0079] In this embodiment, since the server requires different power rail timings to boot up, for example, at least two different timings, S5 timing (second timing) and S0 (first timing), the power supply circuit is divided into at least two power supply branches 1. As shown in Figure 4, the power nodes are mainly divided into S0 and S5 timings. The first power node G1 follows timing S5, and the remaining power nodes follow timing S0. Generally, the S5 timing is controlled by hardware, while the S0 timing is controlled by timing commands sent by the control component 3. The current-carrying capacity and abnormal current protection threshold of the electronic fuse in each power supply branch 1 are determined according to the load size connected to its downstream power node.

[0080] In some exemplary embodiments, the control component 3 is further configured to output a second signal to the first protection component 2 on the N power supply branches 1 in sequence based on the power-on timing of the N power supply branches 1; N is less than or equal to the total number of power supply branches 1;

[0081] The first protection component 2 is also configured to activate in response to a second signal.

[0082] In this embodiment, the power-on sequence of each power supply branch 1 is different. The second signal is output to the first protection component 2 on the N power supply branches 1 in sequence according to the different power-on sequence, so as to control each power supply branch 1 to be powered on in sequence and improve the power-on safety.

[0083] In some exemplary embodiments, the power-on sequence includes a first sequence and a second sequence, wherein the load power consumption corresponding to the first sequence is greater than the load power consumption corresponding to the second sequence;

[0084] The number of first protection components 2 on the power supply branch 1 corresponding to the first timing is greater than the number of first protection components 2 on the power supply branch 1 corresponding to the second timing.

[0085] It is understandable that timing sequence S5 typically has low load power consumption and is usually used to power low-power devices or modules. Due to its low load power consumption, only one first protection component 2 is usually needed to meet the power supply requirements. A single switching component can simplify circuit design and reduce costs. Conversely, timing sequence S0 typically has high load power consumption and is usually used to power high-power devices or modules. Due to its higher load power consumption, more switching components are needed to meet the power supply requirements. For example, multiple first protection components 2 may need to be connected in parallel or series to provide sufficient current capacity and redundant protection. Multiple switching components can distribute the current, reduce the burden on individual components, and improve the reliability and safety of the system.

[0086] By configuring different numbers of switching components according to the load power consumption in different power-on sequences (first sequence and second sequence), the power supply circuit can better adapt to different load requirements, improve system reliability, and optimize costs.

[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes:

[0088] The first filtering energy storage component has a first end connected to the power output terminal of the power supply and a second end connected to the first protection component 2 on the corresponding power supply branch 1. The filtering energy storage component is configured to filter and store energy for the output voltage of the power supply. The first filtering energy storage component includes multiple electrolytic capacitors connected in parallel.

[0089] The second filter energy storage component has its first end connected to the first protection component 2 and its second end connected to the corresponding load.

[0090] In this embodiment, to achieve power supply stability, an electrolytic capacitor filter energy storage component can be added before or after the first protection component 2, including multiple electrolytic capacitors connected in parallel / series. It can be understood that the electrolytic capacitors in the first filter energy storage component can filter the output voltage of the power supply, reducing ripple and noise in the voltage. The equivalent series resistance of the electrolytic capacitor is relatively low, effectively filtering out high-frequency noise. The electrolytic capacitor has a large capacitance value, enabling it to store electrical energy for a short time. When the output voltage of the power supply experiences a brief fluctuation, the electrolytic capacitor can release the stored electrical energy to maintain the voltage stability of power supply branch 1. Based on the first filter energy storage component, the second filter energy storage component can further filter out voltage ripple and noise in power supply branch 1, ensuring a more stable voltage at the load end and providing local energy storage for the load. When a transient current change occurs at the load end, the second filter energy storage component can respond quickly, providing the required electrical energy to prevent voltage drop.

[0091] The first and second filter energy storage components work together to effectively reduce ripple and noise in the power supply output voltage, improving voltage stability. When the power supply output voltage experiences brief fluctuations, the filter energy storage components can release stored energy to maintain voltage stability in power supply branch 1, thereby improving the system's anti-interference capability.

[0092] Secondly, referring to Figure 5, this application also provides a power supply circuit monitoring method, applied to the power supply circuit described above, the power supply circuit including multiple power supply branches, and the power supply circuit monitoring method including:

[0093] S101: Obtain the power supply parameters of the power supply branch detected by at least one first protection component connected in series on the power supply branch;

[0094] S102: When the power supply parameter detected by the first protection component reaches the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component, the first protection component is controlled to disconnect when the power supply parameter reaches the first protection threshold.

[0095] Thirdly, this application also provides a server, including at least one power supply and a power supply circuit as described above connected to the power supply.

[0096] A power supply circuit, comprising:

[0097] Multiple power supply branches, with the first end of each branch connected to the power output terminal of the power supply and the second end connected to the corresponding power node.

[0098] At least one first protection component is connected in series on the power supply branch. The first protection component is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch it is located in and disconnect in response to a first signal. The number of first protection components and the first protection threshold on the power supply branch are determined based on the power supply requirements of the loads connected to the power nodes of the power supply branch.

[0099] A control component is connected to at least one first protection component on at least one power supply branch. The control component is configured to output a first signal when the power supply parameter detected by the first protection component reaches the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component.

[0100] In some exemplary embodiments, a plurality of first protection components are provided on the power supply branch, and the plurality of first protection components are connected in parallel.

[0101] In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of first protection components connected in parallel includes at least one redundant protection component, the first protection threshold of the redundant protection component is greater than the first protection threshold of the main protection component, and the main protection component is the first protection component other than the redundant protection component among the plurality of first protection components connected in parallel.

[0102] In some exemplary embodiments, the first protection component includes:

[0103] The detection module, located on the power supply branch, has its first end connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and its sampling output terminal connected to the control component. The detection module is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch in which it is located.

[0104] The switch module, located on the power supply branch, has its first end connected to the second end of the detection module, the second end connected to the corresponding power node, and its control end connected to the control component. The switch module is configured to disconnect in response to the first signal.

[0105] In some exemplary embodiments, the detection module includes at least one sampling resistor, with a first end of the at least one sampling resistor connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and a second end of the at least one sampling resistor connected to a control component.

[0106] In some exemplary embodiments, the detection module includes a conductor segment on the board that connects a power input terminal and a power output terminal, and measuring points located at both ends of the conductor segment. The measuring points are connected to a control component. The power input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and the power output terminal is connected to the corresponding load. Both the load and the control component are located on the board.

[0107] In some exemplary embodiments, the switching module includes a switching transistor, a first end of which is connected to a second end of the detection module, the second end of which is connected to a corresponding power node, a control end of which is connected to a control component, and the switching transistor is configured to disconnect in response to a first signal.

[0108] In some exemplary embodiments, the multiple power supply branches include a target power supply branch with a fault-risk sub-branch;

[0109] The power supply circuit also includes:

[0110] At least one second protection component is connected in series on the fault risk sub-circuit of the target power supply branch. The second protection component is configured to disconnect when the power supply parameters of the fault risk sub-circuit to which it is located reach its corresponding second protection threshold.

[0111] In some exemplary embodiments, the fault risk sub-path includes a sub-path with pluggable loads on the power supply branch and / or a sub-path with more than a preset number of capacitors.

[0112] In some exemplary embodiments, the second protection component includes a fuse.

[0113] In some exemplary embodiments, the first protection component includes an electronic fuse. The first end of the electronic fuse is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply, and the second end of the electronic fuse is connected to the corresponding power node. Both the control terminal and the sampling terminal of the electronic fuse are connected to a control component. The electronic fuse integrates a sampling resistor and a switching transistor. The first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first end of the electronic fuse, and the second end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first end of the switching transistor. The second end of the switching transistor is connected to the second end of the electronic fuse, and the control terminal of the switching transistor is connected to the control terminal of the electronic fuse. The sampling terminal of the electronic fuse is configured to output the voltage signal across the sampling resistor. The power supply parameters of the power supply branch include the voltage signal.

[0114] In some exemplary embodiments, the number of power supply branches is greater than 2.

[0115] In some exemplary embodiments, at least two of the multiple power supply branches have different power-on sequences.

[0116] In some exemplary embodiments, the control component is further configured to output a second signal to a first protection component on each of the N power supply branches in sequence based on the power-on timing of the N power supply branches; N is less than or equal to the total number of power supply branches;

[0117] The first protection component is also configured to activate in response to a second signal.

[0118] In some exemplary embodiments, the power-on sequence includes a first sequence and a second sequence, wherein the load power consumption corresponding to the first sequence is greater than the load power consumption corresponding to the second sequence;

[0119] The number of first protection components on the power supply branch corresponding to the first timing sequence is greater than the number of first protection components on the power supply branch corresponding to the second timing sequence.

[0120] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes:

[0121] The first filtering and energy storage component has its first end connected to the power output terminal of the power supply and its second end connected to the first protection component on the corresponding power supply branch. The filtering and energy storage component is configured to filter and store energy for the output voltage of the power supply.

[0122] In some exemplary embodiments, the first filter energy storage component includes a plurality of electrolytic capacitors connected in parallel.

[0123] In some exemplary embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes:

[0124] The second filter energy storage component has its first end connected to the first protection component and its second end connected to the corresponding load.

[0125] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0126] The power supply circuit, its monitoring method, and the server provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and its core ideas. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, characterized in that, include: Multiple power supply branches, the first end of which is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply, and the second end of which is connected to the corresponding power node; At least one first protection component is connected in series on the power supply branch. The first protection component is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch it is located in and disconnect in response to a first signal. The number of first protection components and the first protection threshold on the power supply branch are determined based on the power supply requirements of the loads connected to the power nodes connected to the power supply branch. A control component is connected to at least one of the first protection components on at least one of the power supply branches, and the control component is configured to output the first signal when the power supply parameter detected by the first protection component reaches the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component.

2. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply branch is equipped with multiple first protection components, and the multiple first protection components are connected in parallel.

3. The power supply circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parallel first protection components include at least one redundant protection component, the first protection threshold of the redundant protection component is greater than the first protection threshold of the main protection component, and the main protection component is the first protection component other than the redundant protection component among the parallel first protection components.

4. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protection component includes: The detection module located on the power supply branch has its first end connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and its sampling output terminal connected to the control component. The detection module is configured to detect the power supply parameters of the power supply branch in which it is located. A switch module located on the power supply branch has its first end connected to the second end of the detection module, the second end connected to the corresponding power node, and its control end connected to the control component. The switch module is configured to disconnect in response to a first signal.

5. The power supply circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The detection module includes at least one sampling resistor, with a first end of the at least one sampling resistor connected to the power supply output terminal of the power supply, and a second end of the at least one sampling resistor connected to the control component.

6. The power supply circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The detection module includes a conductor segment on a board that connects a power input terminal and a power output terminal, and measuring points located at both ends of the conductor segment. The measuring points are connected to the control component. The power input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and the power output terminal is connected to the corresponding load. The load and the control component are both located on the board.

7. The power supply circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The switching module includes a switching transistor, the first end of which is connected to the second end of the detection module, the second end of which is connected to a corresponding power node, the control end of which is connected to the control component, and the switching transistor is configured to disconnect in response to a first signal.

8. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Among the multiple power supply branches mentioned above are target power supply branches with sub-circuits at risk of failure; The power supply circuit also includes: At least one second protection component is connected in series on the fault risk sub-circuit of the target power supply branch, and the second protection component is configured to disconnect when the power supply parameters of the fault risk sub-circuit to which it is located reach its corresponding second protection threshold.

9. The power supply circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The fault risk sub-circuit includes the sub-circuit on the power supply branch that has pluggable loads and / or the sub-circuit that has more than a preset number of capacitors.

10. The power supply circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second protection component includes a fuse.

11. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protection component includes an electronic fuse. The first end of the electronic fuse is connected to the power output terminal of the power supply, and the second end of the electronic fuse is connected to a corresponding power node. Both the control terminal and the sampling terminal of the electronic fuse are connected to the control component. The electronic fuse integrates a sampling resistor and a switching transistor. The first end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first terminal of the electronic fuse, and the second end of the sampling resistor is connected to the first terminal of the switching transistor. The second end of the switching transistor is connected to the second terminal of the electronic fuse. The control terminal of the switching transistor is connected to the control terminal of the electronic fuse. The sampling terminal of the electronic fuse is configured to output a voltage signal across the sampling resistor. The power supply parameters of the power supply branch include the voltage signal.

12. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of power supply branches is greater than 2.

13. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply branches include at least two branches with different power-on sequences.

14. The power supply circuit according to claim 13, characterized in that, The control component is further configured to output a second signal to the first protection component on each of the N power supply branches in sequence based on the power-on timing of the N power supply branches; N is less than or equal to the total number of power supply branches; The first protection component is also configured to turn on in response to the second signal.

15. The power supply circuit according to claim 13, characterized in that, The power-on timing sequence includes a first timing sequence and a second timing sequence, wherein the load power consumption corresponding to the first timing sequence is greater than the load power consumption corresponding to the second timing sequence. The number of first protection components on the power supply branch corresponding to the first timing sequence is greater than the number of first protection components on the power supply branch corresponding to the second timing sequence.

16. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit also includes: The first filtering and energy storage component has a first end connected to the power output terminal of the power supply and a second end connected to the first protection component on the corresponding power supply branch. The first filtering and energy storage component is configured to filter and store energy for the output voltage of the power supply.

17. The power supply circuit according to claim 16, characterized in that, The first filter energy storage component includes multiple electrolytic capacitors connected in parallel.

18. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit also includes: The second filter energy storage component has its first end connected to the first protection component and its second end connected to the corresponding load.

19. A method for monitoring a power supply circuit, characterized in that, Applied to the power supply circuit as described in any one of claims 1-18, the power supply circuit comprising multiple power supply branches, the power supply circuit monitoring method comprising: Obtain the power supply parameters of the power supply branch detected by at least one first protection component connected in series on the power supply branch; When the power supply parameter detected by the first protection component reaches the first protection threshold corresponding to the first protection component, the first protection component is controlled to disconnect when the power supply parameter reaches the first protection threshold.

20. A server, characterized in that, It includes at least one power supply and a power supply circuit connected to the power supply as described in any one of claims 1-18.

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