Inverted suspension system for cantilever structure, and construction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of wharf construction, and provides an inverted suspension system for a cantilever structure, and a construction method. The inverted suspension system for a cantilever structure comprises: at least two inverted suspension supports, wherein each inverted suspension support comprises a stand column, a top beam and a bottom beam, the top beam is connected to one end of the stand column, a first suspension rod and a second suspension rod are connected to the top beam, the first suspension rod and the second suspension rod are respectively located on two sides of the stand column, the first suspension rod and the second suspension rod both extend toward the other end of the stand column, the position of the second suspension rod with respect to the top beam is adjustable, the second suspension rod is sleeved with a sleeve, and the bottom beam is connected to the end of the second suspension rod away from the top beam; and a bottom plate, the bottom plate being arranged between the two adjacent inverted suspension supports, and two ends of the bottom plate respectively resting on the two adjacent bottom beams. The present invention can overcome the technical problems that construction of existing wharf cantilever structures requires cantilever construction operations on the waterside of wharfs, resulting in complicated construction steps, low construction efficiency and susceptibility to interference from climatic and hydrological conditions.

Description

An anti-suspension system and construction method for cantilever structures Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wharf construction technology, and in particular to an anti-lifting system and construction method for cantilever structures. Background Technology

[0002] Existing wharves typically use sheet piles or steel pipe piles to form the main support structure, with a breast wall installed on the water-facing side of the sheet piles or steel pipe piles to reduce the impact of wind and waves on the wharf structure, thereby extending the wharf's service life. However, the water-facing side of the breast wall protrudes outward relative to the sheet piles or steel pipe piles, forming a cantilever structure without bottom support. Therefore, its construction involves cantilever operations on water, which is extremely cumbersome and complex. It often requires first using cranes and boats to build a temporary support structure on the water-facing side of the breast wall, then installing the formwork and pouring concrete for the breast wall, and finally dismantling the temporary support structure. Furthermore, because it involves construction on water, its progress is easily affected by weather and hydrological conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a system that can simplify the construction of this cantilever structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the technical problems of existing cantilever structures requiring cantilever construction on the water-facing side of the wharf, which involves complicated construction steps, low construction efficiency, and susceptibility to interference from climate and hydrological conditions. This invention provides a reverse-lifting system and construction method for cantilever structures.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an anti-suspension system for cantilever structures, comprising:

[0005] At least two anti-suspension supports are provided at intervals along the first direction, and the anti-suspension supports include columns, top beams and bottom beams;

[0006] The column is set along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction;

[0007] The top beam is set along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the second and first directions; the top beam is connected to one end of the column, and a first hanger and a second hanger are connected to the top beam;

[0008] The first and second hangers are located on opposite sides of the column along the third direction, and both the first and second hangers extend toward the other end of the column along the second direction; the position of the second hanger relative to the top beam is adjustable along the second direction, and the second hanger is fitted with a sleeve.

[0009] The bottom beam is connected to the end of the second hanger away from the top beam, and the bottom beam is set along the third direction;

[0010] The base plate is positioned between two adjacent anti-hanging supports, with both ends of the base plate overlapping the two adjacent bottom beams along the first direction.

[0011] The anti-lifting system for cantilever structures in this scheme connects the ends of the columns furthest from the top beam to the ground of the wharf, with the bottom beam positioned on the water-facing side of the wharf. The bottom plate between two adjacent bottom beams is also located on the water-facing side of the wharf. This means the position of the bottom plate matches the predetermined construction position of the cantilever structure, allowing construction workers to use the bottom plate as a support for the construction of the wharf's cantilever structure. For example, the formwork and other necessary equipment for the cantilever structure can be placed directly on the bottom plate, and workers can walk back and forth on the bottom plate or transport equipment. In this working mode, the bottom plate acts as a solid ground surface, freeing the construction team from the complex procedures and susceptibility to weather and hydrological conditions associated with cantilever operations on water, thus significantly improving the construction efficiency of cantilever structures.

[0012] Meanwhile, this design also includes a first suspender rod on the other side of the column. During construction, the end of the first suspender rod furthest from the top beam is also connected to the ground of the wharf. This leverages the principle of leverage to balance the loads on the top beam generated by the second suspender rod, the bottom beam, the bottom plate, and the cantilever structure to be constructed above the bottom plate. This reduces the bending moment on the column and the load on the wharf ground, minimizing the possibility of column or wharf ground damage and making the structure more stable and reliable. It also helps to reduce the size of the column, thereby reducing the design difficulty and manufacturing cost of this design.

[0013] As can be seen from the above, in this scheme, the loads of the second suspender, bottom beam, bottom plate, and the cantilever structure to be constructed above the bottom plate will be transferred to the dock ground by the columns and the first suspender, respectively. That is, the load-bearing structure of this scheme is located on the ground of the dock. Compared with the existing technology that requires the construction of temporary support structures on the water-facing side of the dock, this scheme has higher construction efficiency.

[0014] This design also allows for adjustment of the position of the second hanger relative to the top beam. After the cantilever structure is poured, adjusting the position of the second hanger relative to the top beam moves the bottom beam away from the top beam, which in turn moves the bottom slab away from the bottom surface of the cantilever structure. This allows operators to more easily remove the bottom slab after the cantilever structure is completed, and then remove the bottom beam, top beam, and other components for future reuse and to reduce subsequent construction costs. Furthermore, the sleeve on the second hanger prevents the concrete of the cantilever structure from bonding with the second hanger, thus preventing the second hanger from being fixed relative to the cantilever structure and unable to be adjusted.

[0015] Preferably, the end of the column furthest from the top beam is embedded in the concrete of the wharf steel pipe pile, and the end of the first auger furthest from the top beam is also embedded in the concrete of the wharf steel pipe pile.

[0016] This plan recommends a connection method between the inverted support frame and the wharf, which can ensure a stable connection between the inverted support frame and the wharf and prevent the inverted support frame from overturning.

[0017] Preferably, a template is also provided on the base plate, which is used for casting the cantilever structure.

[0018] Preferably, the second lifting rod is a threaded rod that passes through the top beam and the bottom beam in a second direction; the threaded rod is threaded with two sets of nuts, one set of nuts abutting against the side of the top beam away from the bottom beam, and the other set of nuts abutting against the side of the bottom beam away from the top beam.

[0019] This solution recommends one specific form of the second hanger structure, which can change the spacing between the two sets of nuts by rotating the nuts, thereby allowing the bottom beam to move closer to or away from the top beam, and in turn, causing the bottom plate to move closer to or away from the bottom surface of the cantilever structure.

[0020] Preferably, the top beam and the column, the second hanger and the top beam, the second hanger and the bottom beam, and the bottom beam and the bottom plate can all be detachably connected.

[0021] This solution allows the inverted support frame to be disassembled into multiple smaller components during transportation, thereby reducing the difficulty of transporting the inverted support frame; and after the construction of the cantilever structure is completed, the components that are not fixed to the cantilever structure or the dock ground can be removed to facilitate subsequent reuse and reduce the cost of subsequent construction.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a construction method for a cantilever structure, applied to the anti-suspension system for cantilever structures of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0023] S1. At least two anti-lifting supports shall be installed at intervals along the length of the wharf, and the bottom beam shall be installed on the water-facing side of the wharf; a bottom plate shall be installed between two adjacent bottom beams;

[0024] S2. Place the formwork for the cantilever structure above the base slab, and pour concrete inside the formwork to form the cantilever structure.

[0025] The construction method of this cantilever structure involves suspending the bottom plate on the water-facing side of the wharf using an inverted support frame. This allows construction workers to use the bottom plate as a support for the construction of the cantilever structure, thus avoiding the complicated steps of cantilever operations on water and the susceptibility to weather and hydrological conditions, and significantly improving the construction efficiency of the cantilever structure.

[0026] Preferably, step S2 is followed by the following steps:

[0027] S3. Remove the formwork;

[0028] S4. Adjust the position of the second hanger along the second direction so that the bottom beam is away from the top beam;

[0029] S5. Remove the base plate;

[0030] S6. Remove the bottom beam;

[0031] S7. Remove the top beam and the second hanger; cut the column and the first hanger.

[0032] This solution provides a method for dismantling the inverted support frame and base plate after the cantilever structure construction is completed. It enables the recycling and reuse of the inverted support frame components and base plate, which helps reduce the cost of subsequent construction.

[0033] Preferably, when installing the template in step S1, the template is divided into multiple segments along the length of the wharf and installed in segments.

[0034] This solution divides the template into multiple smaller segments, which on the one hand reduces the difficulty of template production, transportation and installation, and on the other hand can gradually increase the load on the anti-hanging support in a step-by-step manner, avoiding structural instability of the anti-hanging support due to excessive load changes.

[0035] Preferably, the installation of the template includes the following steps:

[0036] S2a. Remove the second lifting rod located in the hoisting path of the section of the template to be installed, and hoist the section along the hoisting path to the designated position, keeping a gap between the bottom surface of the section and the base plate;

[0037] S2b, Reinstall the second boom that was removed in step S2a;

[0038] S2c, Place and fix the segment on the base plate.

[0039] This solution provides specific installation steps for the formwork segments. Since the formwork segments may interfere with the second hangers during installation, the corresponding second hangers need to be removed first, and then reinstalled after the formwork segments are in the predetermined positions. Before reinstalling the second hangers, this solution maintains a gap between the bottom surface of the segment and the base plate, so that the weight of the segment will not be transferred to the inverted support that has lost part of the second hanger through the base plate. This can prevent the inverted support with incomplete components from being damaged by the weight of the segment.

[0040] Preferably, in step S2, when pouring concrete, the concrete is laid out starting from the side of the formwork closest to the bank.

[0041] This plan recommends starting the concrete pouring from the side closest to the shore. Compared to starting from the side closest to the water, this plan results in a smaller bending moment on the base slab and the inverted suspension system when the concrete weight is equal. This helps to suppress the deformation of the inverted suspension system, the base slab, and the formwork, thereby preventing eccentric compression of the formwork on the water-facing side and ensuring the pouring quality of the cantilever structure.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] 1. This invention provides a reverse-suspension system for cantilever structures. The system uses a reverse-suspension bracket to suspend the base plate on the waterfront side of the wharf. A lever structure composed of a first suspension rod, a top beam, and a second suspension rod ensures the structural stability of the entire system. Construction workers can use the base plate as a support for the construction of the cantilever structure, such as placing the formwork and other necessary equipment directly on the base plate, walking back and forth on the base plate, or transporting equipment. This solution eliminates the complex procedures and susceptibility to weather and hydrological conditions associated with cantilever operations on water, thus significantly improving the construction efficiency of cantilever structures. Furthermore, this solution can increase the distance between the base plate and the ground of the cantilever structure by adjusting the position of the second suspension rod. This allows the base plate and the reverse-suspension bracket components to be removed after the cantilever structure construction is completed, enabling the reuse of these components and reducing subsequent construction costs.

[0044] 2. This invention provides a construction method for cantilever structures. By using an inverted support frame to suspend the base plate on the water-facing side of the wharf, construction workers can use the base plate as a support to carry out the construction of the wharf cantilever structure, thus avoiding the troubles of complicated steps and susceptibility to climate and hydrological conditions in water-based cantilever operations, and can greatly improve the construction efficiency of cantilever structures. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 is a side view of a reverse suspension system for cantilever structures according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2 is a side view of a reverse suspension system for cantilever structures according to the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of section AA in Figure 1;

[0048] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of section BB in Figure 1;

[0049] Figure 5 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure at point C in Figure 1;

[0050] Figure 6 is a top view of the bottom plate of a reverse suspension system for cantilever structures according to the present invention.

[0051] Icons: 1-Inverted support; 11-Column; 12-Top beam; 13-Bottom beam; 14-First hanger; 15-Second hanger; 16-Casing; 2-Base plate; 3-Side formwork; 4-Steel pipe pile. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to experimental examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0054] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspension," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspension," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its function in the present invention.

[0055] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0056] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0057] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a reverse suspension system for cantilever structures includes at least two reverse suspension supports 1 spaced apart along a first direction, with a base plate 2 provided between adjacent reverse suspension supports 1. Figures 1 to 4, and Figure 6, also show the first, second, and third directions, where arrow X represents the first direction, arrow Y represents the second direction, and arrow Z represents the third direction.

[0060] The anti-suspension support 1 includes a column 11, a top beam 12, and a bottom beam 13. The column 11 is arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. The top beam 12 is arranged along a third direction, which is perpendicular to both the second and first directions. The top beam 12 is connected to one end of the column 11, and a first hanger 14 and a second hanger 15 are connected to the top beam 12. The first hanger 14 and the second hanger 15 are located on both sides of the column 11 along the third direction, and both the first hanger 14 and the second hanger 15 extend along the second direction toward the other end of the column 11. The position of the second hanger 15 relative to the top beam 12 is adjustable along the second direction. The second hanger 15 is fitted with a sleeve 16, as shown in Figure 5, and the outer wall of the second hanger 15 is clearance-fitted with the inner wall of the sleeve 16. The bottom beam 13 is connected to the end of the second hanger 15 away from the top beam 12, and the bottom beam 13 is arranged along the third direction.

[0061] It should be noted that the top beam 12 is set along the third direction, and it is not necessary for the top beam 12 and the bottom beam 13 to be completely parallel to the third direction. Instead, there can be a certain angle between them, as long as the length component along the third direction is sufficient to suspend the bottom beam 13 on the water-facing side of the wharf. Similarly, the bottom beam 13 is set along the third direction, and there can also be a certain angle between it and the third direction.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the column 11 is a hollow tubular structure, and the column 11 is filled with self-leveling mortar or concrete to enhance the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the column 11; wherein the self-leveling mortar is suitable for situations where the column 11 is small in size and concrete pouring and vibration are difficult; the specific cross-sectional shape of the hollow tubular structure includes, but is not limited to, circular, elliptical or polygonal.

[0063] In optional embodiments, the specific form of the top beam 12 includes, but is not limited to, steel box or steel section; for example, the top beam 12 can be made of double-splitting 2I36a channel steel, and the bottom beam 13 can be made of double-splitting HW250 steel section.

[0064] In optional embodiments, the adjustable position of the second lifting rod 15 relative to the top beam 12 can be achieved in ways including but not limited to: machining a threaded hole on the top beam 12 and machining an external thread on the second lifting rod 15 so that the second lifting rod 15 is threadedly connected to the top beam 12, and rotating the second lifting rod 15 to adjust the position of the second lifting rod 15 along the axis of the threaded hole; machining a through hole on the top beam 12, sliding the second lifting rod 15 in the through hole, and connecting the second lifting rod 15 to a drive device (e.g., a hydraulic cylinder or winch), and moving the second lifting rod 15 along the axis of the through hole by the operation of the drive device.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the sleeve 16 is a PVC component. PVC material has a certain strength, which can prevent the sleeve 16 from collapsing under the pressure of concrete, thus preventing the second hanger 15 from being stuck and unable to be adjusted.

[0066] In an optional embodiment, the number of second hangers 15 is at least two, and the second hangers 15 are spaced apart along a third direction. Using multiple second hangers 15 can enhance the reliability and safety of the connection between the bottom beam 13 and the top beam 12. It should be noted that when the number of second hangers 15 is greater than one, only the second hangers 15 located within the predetermined pouring area of ​​the cantilever structure need to be fitted with sleeves 16, while the second hangers 15 located outside the predetermined pouring area of ​​the cantilever structure do not need to be fitted with sleeves 16. Similarly, the number of first hangers 14 can also be one or more. When the number of first hangers 14 is greater than one, the first hangers 14 are spaced apart along a third direction.

[0067] In an optional embodiment, the second hanger 15 is a threaded rod. Both the top beam 12 and the bottom beam 13 have through holes corresponding to the threaded rod. The threaded rod passes through these through holes along a second direction. Two sets of nuts are threaded onto the threaded rod, each set containing one or more nuts. One set of nuts abuts against the side of the top beam 12 away from the bottom beam 13, and the other set abuts against the side of the bottom beam 13 away from the top beam 12. Rotating the nuts allows the two sets of nuts to move closer or further apart, thereby adjusting the distance between the bottom beam 13 and the top beam 12. The threaded rod can be made directly from existing precision-rolled threaded steel bars. Similarly, the first hanger 14 can also be made from a threaded rod.

[0068] In optional embodiments, the top beam 12 and the column 11, the second hanger 15 and the top beam 12, the second hanger 15 and the bottom beam 13, and the bottom beam 13 and the base plate 2 can all be detachably connected. Specific methods of detachable connection include, but are not limited to, threaded connection, snap-fit ​​connection, tenon and mortise connection, or flange connection. For example, a steel box can be provided on the side of the top beam 12 facing the column 11, and the side of the steel box facing the column 11 has an opening matching the cross-section of the column 11. At least one side of the steel box is also provided with a first insertion hole, and the side of the column 11 is also provided with a corresponding second insertion hole. The column 11 is inserted into the steel box through the opening until the first insertion hole aligns with the second insertion hole, and a pin is inserted into the aligned first and second insertion holes to complete the connection between the top beam 12 and the column 11. The top beam 12 can be removed from the column 11 by pulling out the pin.

[0069] The base plate 2 is positioned between two adjacent anti-hanging brackets 1. The two ends of the base plate 2 along the first direction are respectively attached to the two adjacent bottom beams 13. For example, the two ends of the base plate 2 along the first direction are directly placed on the upper surface of the bottom beam 13 on the corresponding side, or the base plate 2 is detachably connected to the bottom beams 13 on both sides by means of threaded fasteners or other means.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, as shown in the figure, the base plate 2 includes a steel frame and a panel; wherein the steel frame includes several orthogonally arranged steel sections, such as I20 I-beams, to ensure the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the base plate 2; at least one side of the steel frame along the second direction is covered with a panel to provide a flat surface for subsequent construction.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, the shape of the side of the base plate 2 near the column 11 matches the shape of the wharf sidewall, as shown in Figures 3 and 6. The wharf sidewall includes several alternately arranged steel pipe piles 4 and steel sheet piles. Correspondingly, the side of the base plate 2 near the column 11 also includes a corresponding combination of arc and plane surfaces, so that it can fit tightly against the wharf sidewall after installation. On the one hand, it can eliminate the gap between the base plate 2 and the wharf sidewall, preventing personnel and equipment from falling through the gap. On the other hand, it can also provide some support for the base plate 2 through the wharf sidewall.

[0072] It should be noted that in Figure 4, the bottom plate 2 is placed on the upper surface of the bottom beam 13 at both ends. Therefore, if the bottom plate 2 is placed on every two adjacent bottom beams 13, the bottom beam 13 will be obscured and not visible. Thus, part of the bottom plate 2 is hidden in Figure 4 to show the bottom beam 13.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the dimension of the base plate 2 along a third direction is larger than the corresponding dimension of the cantilever structure template, so that the water-facing side of the base plate 2 has extra space for equipment and personnel to move around.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, a guardrail is provided on the side of the base plate 2 facing the top beam 12, and the guardrail is along the edge of the base plate 2 to prevent people or equipment from falling.

[0075] In an optional embodiment, a limiting structure may also be provided on the upper surface of the bottom beam 13. The position of the limiting structure corresponds to the edge of the bottom plate 2 to prevent the bottom plate 2 from shifting relative to the bottom beam 13 or even falling off. The specific form of the limiting structure includes, but is not limited to, a groove that matches the shape of the bottom plate 2 or a stop that abuts against the side wall of the bottom plate 2.

[0076] In an optional embodiment, the end of the column 11 away from the top beam 12 is embedded in the concrete of the wharf steel pipe pile 4, and the end of the first suspender 14 away from the top beam 12 is also embedded in the concrete of the wharf steel pipe pile 4.

[0077] In an optional embodiment, a template is also provided on the base plate 2. The template is used to cast cantilever structures, such as wharf breast walls. Since the base plate 2 can be directly used as the bottom formwork of the cantilever structure, the template only needs to include two side forms 3 spaced apart along the third direction, and two end plates spaced apart at both ends of the side forms 3 along the first direction. The side forms 3 can be made of truss-type fixed steel, and multiple reinforcing tie rods can be set between the two side forms 3 and between the side forms 3 and the end plates.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] A construction method for a cantilever structure, applied to an anti-suspension system for a cantilever structure in Example 1, includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. As shown in Figure 3, at least two reverse support brackets 1 are set at intervals along the length of the wharf. The ends of the uprights 11 of the reverse support brackets 1 away from the top beam 12 and the ends of the first lifting rods 14 away from the top beam 12 are both embedded in the concrete of the steel pipe piles 4 of the wharf. The bottom beams 13 of the reverse support brackets 1 are set on the water-facing side of the wharf. A bottom plate 2 is set between two adjacent bottom beams 13.

[0081] In an optional embodiment, in step S1, the column 11, top beam 12, bottom beam 13, first hanger 14, second hanger 15 and base plate 2 are transported to the site and then assembled on site to reduce transportation difficulty. During assembly, the column 11 and the first hanger 14 are first pre-embedded in the steel pipe pile 4, then the top beam 12 is connected, then the second hanger 15 and the bottom beam 13 are connected, and finally the base plate 2 is installed.

[0082] S2. Place the reinforcing steel, formwork, and various embedded parts (such as drainage pipes, cable wells, rainwater wells, flap gates, fenders, mooring bollards, ladders, edge steel, guardrails, and life rings) of the cantilever structure above the base plate 2; after verifying that the installation accuracy of the formwork meets the requirements and that the tie rods and connecting bolts are secure, pour concrete inside the formwork to form the cantilever structure.

[0083] In an optional implementation, when installing the template in step S2, the template is divided into multiple segments along the length of the wharf and installed in segments.

[0084] In an optional implementation, the template installation includes the following steps:

[0085] S2a. Remove the second lifting rod 15 located in the hoisting path of the section of the template to be installed, and hoist the section to the designated position along the hoisting path, keeping a gap between the bottom surface of the section and the base plate 2; for example, in the scenario shown in Figure 2, the predetermined installation position of the template is between two adjacent second lifting rods 15, and the predetermined hoisting path is from the water-facing side of the base plate 2 to the shore side, so in this step it is necessary to remove the second lifting rod 15 on the water-facing side.

[0086] S2b. Reinstall the second hanger 15 that was removed in step S2a to restore the stability of the anti-hanging bracket 1 system.

[0087] S2c, Place and fix the segment on the base plate 2.

[0088] In an optional implementation, before pouring concrete in step S2, refer to the weather forecast and choose a sunny time to start pouring concrete. If it rains during the pouring process, immediately cover it with tarpaulin or rainproof tarpaulin. To avoid cold joints, do not interrupt the concrete pouring unless the rain is too heavy to affect the pouring. At the same time, carefully check the tide conditions before pouring. When the tide recedes below the bottom slab 2 of the cantilever structure, start pouring concrete in time to ensure that the concrete is not submerged by seawater before initial setting.

[0089] In an optional implementation, when pouring concrete in step S2, a sloping layered pouring method is used, with each layer of concrete 45cm high, ensuring that new concrete is laid before the initial setting of the concrete. To avoid cold joints, the next layer of concrete must be laid from the starting position of the previous layer, and to avoid eccentric pressure on the formwork on the water-facing side, it is advisable to start laying the concrete from the side of the formwork closest to the shore.

[0090] In an optional implementation, when vibrating the concrete after pouring it in step S2, a 70-type immersion high-frequency vibrator is used. The vibration time at a single point is controlled at 20 seconds, with a point spacing of 30 cm. When vibrating the upper layer of concrete, the vibrator needs to penetrate the lower layer of concrete by at least 10 cm. Vibration should continue until the concrete surface no longer sinks and there are basically no air bubbles. For vibration of the edge areas, the vibrator should be about 10 cm away from the formwork. A second vibration is performed after the concrete pouring, and the second vibration time is adjusted according to the laboratory test results and the actual site conditions.

[0091] In an optional embodiment, the joints at various locations, such as between two adjacent base plates 2, between two adjacent segments within the template, and between the template and the base plate 2, are sealed with materials such as foam adhesive to prevent grout leakage.

[0092] In an optional implementation, the following steps are included after step S2:

[0093] S3. When the concrete strength of the cantilever structure is sufficient to ensure that its surface and edges are not damaged by the removal of the formwork, the formwork shall be removed. If there is a second lifting rod 15 in the hoisting path of the formwork during the removal of the formwork, the procedure in steps S2a to S2b can be referred to. First, the second lifting rod 15 in the hoisting path shall be removed to ensure the smooth hoisting of the formwork, and then the second lifting rod 15 shall be reinstalled to ensure the stability of the anti-hanging support 1 system.

[0094] S4. Adjust the position of the second hanger 15 along the second direction, for example, by loosening at least one set of nuts on the second hanger 15 to increase the distance between the two sets of nuts on the second hanger 15, so that the bottom beam 13 can move away from the top beam 12 under the action of gravity, thereby causing the bottom plate 2 to separate from the bottom surface of the cantilever structure.

[0095] S5. After ensuring that the concrete strength of the cantilever structure reaches 100% of the design strength, remove the bottom slab 2.

[0096] S6. Remove bottom beam 13.

[0097] S7. Remove the top beam 12 and the second hanger 15; the bottom plate 2, bottom beam 13, top beam 12 and the second hanger 15 can be used for other purposes; cut off the parts of the column 11 and the first hanger 14 that extend out of the cantilever structure, and repair the holes on the cantilever structure with concrete or self-leveling mortar.

[0098] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reverse suspension system for cantilever structures, characterized in that, include: At least two anti-hanging supports (1) are provided at intervals along a first direction, and the anti-hanging supports (1) include a column (11), a top beam (12) and a bottom beam (13); The column (11) is arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; The top beam (12) is arranged along a third direction, which is perpendicular to the second direction and the first direction; the top beam (12) is connected to one end of the column (11), and a first hanger (14) and a second hanger (15) are connected to the top beam (12); The first hanger (14) and the second hanger (15) are located on both sides of the column (11) along a third direction, and both the first hanger (14) and the second hanger (15) extend towards the other end of the column (11) along a second direction; the position of the second hanger (15) relative to the top beam (12) is adjustable along the second direction, and the second hanger (15) is fitted with a sleeve (16); The bottom beam (13) is connected to the end of the second hanger (15) away from the top beam (12), and the bottom beam (13) is arranged along a third direction; The base plate (2) is disposed between two adjacent anti-hanging brackets (1), and the two ends of the base plate (2) along the first direction are respectively attached to two adjacent bottom beams (13).

2. The anti-suspension system for cantilever structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the column (11) away from the top beam (12) is embedded in the concrete of the wharf steel pipe pile (4), and the end of the first auger (14) away from the top beam (12) is also embedded in the concrete of the wharf steel pipe pile (4).

3. The anti-suspension system for cantilever structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, A template is also provided on the base plate (2), which is used for casting the cantilever structure.

4. A reverse suspension system for cantilever structures according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The second lifting rod (15) is a threaded rod, which passes through the top beam (12) and the bottom beam (13) in a second direction; the threaded rod is threaded with two sets of nuts, one set of nuts abutting against the side of the top beam (12) away from the bottom beam (13), and the other set of nuts abutting against the side of the bottom beam (13) away from the top beam (12).

5. A reverse suspension system for cantilever structures according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The top beam (12) and the column (11), the second hanger (15) and the top beam (12), the second hanger (15) and the bottom beam (13), and the bottom beam (13) and the base plate (2) can all be detachably connected.

6. A construction method for a cantilever structure, characterized in that, An anti-suspension system for a cantilever structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps: S1. At least two anti-lifting supports (1) are set at intervals along the length of the wharf, and the bottom beam (13) is set on the water-facing side of the wharf; a bottom plate (2) is set between two adjacent bottom beams (13); S2. Place the template of the cantilever structure above the base plate (2) and pour concrete into the template to form the cantilever structure.

7. The construction method for a cantilever structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S2 is followed by the following steps: S3. Remove the template; S4. Adjust the position of the second hanger (15) along the second direction so that the bottom beam (13) is away from the top beam (12); S5. Remove the base plate (2); S6. Remove the bottom beam (13); S7. Remove the top beam (12) and the second hanger (15); cut the column (11) and the first hanger (14).

8. A construction method for a cantilever structure according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that, In step S2, when installing the template, the template is divided into multiple segments along the length of the wharf and installed in segments.

9. A construction method for a cantilever structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The installation of the template includes the following steps: S2a. Remove the second lifting rod (15) located in the hoisting path of the section of the template to be installed, and hoist the section to the designated position along the hoisting path, keeping a gap between the bottom surface of the section and the base plate (2); S2b, Reinstall the second boom (15) that was removed in step S2a; S2c, Place and fix the segment on the base plate (2).

10. A construction method for a cantilever structure according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that, In step S2, when pouring concrete, the concrete should be laid from the side of the template closest to the bank.

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