Method for measuring splenic volume using three-dimensional visualization technology

Abstract

Provided in the present invention is a method for measuring a splenic volume using three-dimensional visualization technology. In the present invention, three-dimensional visualization technology, which is also known as three-dimensional reconstruction, is used, wherein raw CT data is imported into Myrian Xp-Liver three-dimensional reconstruction software, in order to construct a splenic model module; and upon clicking on a spleen with a mouse, a computer automatically identifies a spleen on the basis of CT values, reconstructs a splenic model, and automatically calculates a splenic volume. For some identified scopes that are excessively large, slice-by-slice trimming is performed by clinicians; for some under-segmented slices, supplementation is performed; and the splenic volume is ultimately presented by the computer. The method was used to perform measurement on 1,248 patients, achieving a splenic volume measurement accuracy rate of 99.8%; and the method enables splenic grading and splenic function assessment. Moreover, the present invention has the advantages of cost-effectiveness, simplicity and reproducibility.

Description

A method for detecting spleen volume using 3D visualization technology Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spleen volume detection technology, and in particular to a method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology. Background Technology

[0002] Spleen volume is related to spleen function, which is a crucial component of bodily functions, and its strength is vital to health. Previous methods for measuring spleen volume included palpation, ultrasound, estimation using CT scans of five rib units, MRI, ex vivo water displacement, and the spleen index. However, these methods are not entirely accurate, are time-consuming and laborious, and do not allow for the grading and treatment of splenomegaly. Accurate measurement of spleen volume is therefore essential for assessing spleen function and guiding treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to propose a method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology. Specifically, it utilizes three-dimensional visualization technology, also known as three-dimensional reconstruction, to import raw CT data into Myrian Xp-Liver three-dimensional reconstruction software (made in Germany) to completely construct a spleen model module. For cases with excessively large recognition areas, trimming can be performed layer by layer; missing layers are supplemented, ultimately presenting a complete picture of the spleen volume (Figures 1 and 2). Clicking on the spleen with the mouse allows the computer to automatically recognize the reconstructed spleen model based on CT values ​​and automatically calculate the spleen volume completely.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] A method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Select the normal spleen group and the splenomegaly group, and compare the results of the two groups;

[0007] S2. Statistical analysis using ROC curves was used to determine the diagnostic threshold for normal splenomegaly, setting a spleen volume ≥300.0 cm³. 3 The diagnosis was splenomegaly;

[0008] S3. Using ROC curve analysis, spleen volume was divided into grades 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), 3 (severe), and 4 (extremely severe) from smallest to largest.

[0009] S4. Obtain an image of the patient's spleen volume from a clinical CT scan;

[0010] S5. Import the raw data of spleen volume from CT scan into the 3D reconstruction software, construct a spleen model, and calculate the spleen volume.

[0011] S6: Select treatment methods based on spleen volume classification.

[0012] A further approach is that, in step S3, the spleen volume of grade 1 spleen is between 300.0 and 1000.0 cm³. 3 Within the specified range, it was determined to be grade 1 splenomegaly.

[0013] A further approach is that, in step S3, the spleen volume for grade 2 spleens is between 1000.1 and 2000.0 cm³. 3 Within the range, it was determined to be grade 2 splenomegaly.

[0014] A further step is that, in step S3, the spleen volume at degree 3 is 2000.1–4000.0 cm³. 3 The diagnosis was grade 3 splenomegaly.

[0015] A further proposed solution is that, in step S4, the spleen volume at degree 4 is >4000.0 cm³. 3 The diagnosis was grade 4 splenomegaly.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] According to the spleen volume grading (classification) provided by this invention, only 6% of patients actually need surgery, not exceeding 10%, which is in line with the current trend. This invention measures spleen volume accurately and reliably, and can not only assess spleen function but also guide treatment.

[0018] According to the visualization technology provided by the present invention, spleen volume is detected. The present invention classifies spleen volume into grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 from smallest to largest. If the patient's spleen volume is grade 1 splenomegaly, non-surgical treatment is recommended. If the patient's spleen volume is grade 2 splenomegaly, non-surgical treatment is performed first, and if the effect is not good, surgical treatment is then performed. If the patient's spleen volume is grade 3 splenomegaly, surgical treatment is recommended, including at least one of splenectomy, esophageal peripheral vascular resection, and liver transplantation.

[0019] This invention enhances the original CT scan data and uses Myrian Xp-Liver 3D reconstruction software to construct a spleen model module. The spleen volume detection accuracy reaches 99.8%, and the spleen can be graded and its function can be calculated. It also has the advantages of being economical, simple, and repeatable. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 shows the results of the enhanced CT scan.

[0021] Figure 2 shows the results of the three-dimensional reconstruction of spleen volume;

[0022] Figure 3 shows the ROC curve of splenomegaly.

[0023] Figure 4 shows the volume distribution of splenomegaly.

[0024] Figure 5 shows the ROC curve of grade 2 hypersplenism.

[0025] Figure 6 shows the ROC curve of grade 3 hypersplenism. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments of this invention are all conventional methods.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the embodiments of this invention are commercially available.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This study retrospectively collected cases of patients who underwent 128-slice three-dimensional enhanced multi-slice (thin-slice) spiral CT of the upper abdomen at the Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University between May 2012 and December 2022 due to gallstones, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, splenomegaly, and hypersplenism. Patients were divided into a normal spleen group and a splenomegaly group according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the results of the two groups were compared.

[0031] Inclusion criteria: ① Clinically diagnosed cirrhotic splenomegaly and hypersplenism; ② Splenomegaly diagnosed by a radiologist; ③ Hypersplenism that has not been treated for more than 1 year.

[0032] Exclusion criteria: ① Splenic space-occupying lesions; ② Hematologic disorders; ③ Acute or chronic infections; ④ Portal vein embolism;

[0033] ⑤ Immune system diseases; ⑥ Acute and chronic hemorrhagic diseases; ⑦ Splenic infarction; ⑧ Individuals with uneven spleen density.

[0034] The normal spleen group consisted of 585 cases, replaced by cases with gallstones (excluding those with cirrhosis and portal hypertension). There were 386 males and 199 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.94:1. The ages ranged from 17 to 84 years, with an average age of 49 years.

[0035] Test results: Age was negatively correlated with spleen volume (r = -0.176, P < 0.05). ROC curve statistical analysis showed that the diagnostic threshold for normal splenomegaly volume was 295.90 cm. 3 .

[0036] The splenomegaly group consisted of 1248 cases: all of whom were cases of hypersplenism due to portal hypertension caused by cirrhosis. There were 832 males and 416 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Their ages ranged from 16 to 84 years, with an average age of 50 years.

[0037] Detection Results: Based on the enhanced CT scan results in Figure 1, the raw CT data was imported into the Myrian Xp-Liver 3D reconstruction software to construct a spleen model module. Clicking on the spleen with the mouse allowed the computer to automatically identify and reconstruct the spleen model based on the CT values ​​(Figure 2) and automatically calculate the spleen volume. For some cases where the identified area was too large, clinical professionals trimmed the data layer by layer. Unidentified layers were supplemented, and the computer ultimately presented the spleen volume.

[0038] Spleen volume ≥ 300.0 cm³ 3 The diagnosis was splenomegaly. Considering the importance of splenomegaly grading in clinical practice, ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal threshold between grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. ROC curve analysis between grade 1 and grade 2 showed that the optimal threshold for diagnosing grade 2 was 1000.0 cm. 3 See Figure 5; ROC curve analysis between degree 2 and degree 3 shows that the optimal threshold for diagnosing degree 3 is 2000.0 cm⁻¹. 3 See Figure 6; ROC curve analysis between degrees 3 and 4 shows that the optimal threshold for diagnosing degree 4 is 4000.0 cm⁻¹. 3 .

[0039] Therefore, the spleen volume in 3D reconstructed CT imaging can be classified into grades 1, 2, 3, and 4: spleen volume 300.0–1000.0 cm³. 3 Of the 465 cases (37.30%), splenomegaly was grade 1; spleen volume ranged from 1000.1 to 2000.0 cm³. 3 Of the 498 cases (39.9%) with grade 2 splenomegaly, spleen volume ranged from 2000.1 to 4000.0 cm³. 3 Of the 217 cases (17.4%) with grade 3 splenomegaly, spleen volume was >4000.0 cm³. 3 There were 68 cases (5.4%) with grade 4 splenomegaly.

[0040] Treatment: Grade 1 splenomegaly is best treated non-surgically; Grade 2 splenomegaly should be treated non-surgically first, and if the effect is not good, surgical treatment can be used; Grade 3 splenomegaly is best treated surgically, including splenectomy, endovascular ligation of the lower esophagus, liver transplantation, etc.

[0041] Application Example 1

[0042] A 48-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension due to hepatitis B cirrhosis. A CT scan measured his spleen volume at 769.2 cm³. 3The patient presented with grade 2 splenomegaly and hypersplenism. After admission, axillary blood transfusions and hemostatic drugs were administered, but the effect was unsatisfactory. Endoscopic ligation for hemostasis was then performed, but the effect remained poor. A transesophageal sphincterotomy (TPS) was then performed. Three days post-surgery, upper gastrointestinal bleeding recurred. Finally, a splenectomy and lower esophageal vascular transection were performed. The patient recovered and was discharged two weeks after the surgery. Eight years later, the patient continues to work, occasionally experiencing indigestion, which is relieved by taking hawthorn pills.

[0043] Application Example 2

[0044] A 36-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to hepatitis C-related cirrhosis with decompensated liver function, portal hypertension with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and severe hypersplenism. A CT scan measured the spleen volume at 1277.1 cm³. 3 The patient presented with grade 3 splenomegaly and hypersplenism. Upon admission, a splenectomy and peripheral esophageal vessel transection were performed. The patient was discharged 16 days after surgery and has fully recovered. Six years post-surgery, the patient has continued to work without experiencing any discomfort.

[0045] The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Select the normal spleen group and the splenomegaly group, and compare the results of the two groups; S2. Statistical analysis using ROC curves was used to determine the diagnostic threshold for normal splenomegaly, setting a spleen volume ≥300.0 cm³. 3 The diagnosis was splenomegaly; S3. Using ROC curve analysis, spleen volume was divided into grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 from smallest to largest. S4. Obtain an image of the patient's spleen volume from a clinical CT scan; S5. Import the raw data of spleen volume from CT scan into the 3D reconstruction software, construct a spleen model, and calculate the spleen volume. S6: Select treatment methods based on spleen volume classification.

2. The method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the spleen volume of grade 1 spleen is between 300.0 and 1000.0 cm³. 3 Within the specified range, it was determined to be grade 1 splenomegaly.

3. The method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the spleen volume of grade 2 spleens is between 1000.1 and 2000.0 cm³. 3 Within the range, it was determined to be grade 2 splenomegaly.

4. The method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the spleen volume at grade 3 is 2000.1–4000.0 cm³. 3 The diagnosis was grade 3 splenomegaly.

5. The method for detecting spleen volume using three-dimensional visualization technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the spleen volume at grade 4 is >4000.0 cm³. 3 The diagnosis was grade 4 splenomegaly.

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