Beam measurement method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/132403
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-28
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025132403_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BEAM MEASUREMENT METHODCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThe application claims priority to US provisional patent application No. 63 / 779,960, filed on March 28, 2025, which is incorporated by reference in the present application in its entirety.BACKGROUND OF DISCLOSURE1. Field of Disclosure
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to a beam measurement method, user equipment (UE) , and a network node. 2. Description of Related Art
[0002] In modern wireless communication systems, such as 5G New Radio (NR) , multi-beam operation is essential to achieve high beamforming gain, particularly in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and higher frequency bands.Technical Problem
[0003] Existing beam measurement and reporting mechanisms suffer from significant limitations. For example, the overhead associated with transmitting a large number of narrow beam measurement RSs to cover all possible directions is prohibitively high, especially in dense deployments or with large antenna arrays. Conventional absolute reference signal received power (RSRP) reporting provides limited directional granularity, making it difficult for the network to precisely refine transmit beam angles on a per-UE basis. Current designs assume cell-specific beam codebooks, whereas optimal beam directions are inherently UE-specific due to varying propagation environments and UE locations. As a result, existing methods fail to efficiently support low-overhead, high-precision, UE-specific beam refinement, leading to suboptimal beamforming gain, increased latency in beam training, and degraded system performance in dynamic or high-mobility scenarios.
[0004] Hence, an enhanced beam measurement method is desirable.SUMMARY
[0005] An object of the present disclosure is to propose a beam measurement method, a user equipment (UE) , and a network node.
[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a beam measurement method for execution by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving a plurality of beam measurement reference signals (RSs) from a network node; estimating, for each beam measurement RS, a channel response; measuring a channel quality of a strongest path in the channel response; and reporting at least one beam measurement reporting metric based on the measured channel quality to the network node, wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs includes a reference beam measurement RS and at least one non-reference beam measurement RS, and the at least one beam measurement reporting metric includes a relative metric defined as a difference between channel quality of a strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS and channel quality of a strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.
[0007] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a beam measurement method for execution by a network node, comprising: transmitting a plurality of beam measurement reference signals (RSs) to a user equipment (UE) ; and receiving, from the UE, at least one beam measurement reporting metric, wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs includes a reference beam measurement RS and at least one non-reference beam measurement RS, and the at least one beam measurement reporting metric includes a relative metric defined as a difference between channel quality of a strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS and channel quality of a strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.
[0008] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a user equipment (UE) comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0009] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a network node comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0010] The disclosed method may be programmed as computer executable instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium, when loaded to a computer, directs a processor of the computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0011] The non-transitory computer readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of: a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory.
[0012] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program product, that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0013] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program, that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.Advantageous Effects
[0014] The disclosed method enables low-overhead and UE-specific beam training. Embodiments of the disclosed method provide beneficial effects of lowering beam management latency and enhancing spectral efficiency by one or more of: - reducing RS overhead via two-stage (coarse and relative refinement) measurement; - improving beam accuracy with differential RSRP reporting; and - supporting flexible configurations (pairs, subsets, mixed absolute / relative reports) .BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] To clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related technical solutions, the accompanying drawings are briefly described below. These drawings represent embodiments of the present disclosure. A person of ordinary skill in the art may derive additional figures or variations based on these drawings without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a telecommunication system.
[0017] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a beam measurement method of an embodiment of the disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a beam measurement method of an embodiment of the disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram showing a DCI signaling and PDSCH reception.
[0020] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view showing a user equipment (UE) .
[0021] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view showing a base station.
[0022] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view showing a network node.
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a UE.
[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a base station.
[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a network node.
[0026] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic view showing a system for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0027] Embodiments of the disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0028] With reference to FIG. 1, a telecommunication system including a UE 10a, a UE 10b, a base station (BS) 20a, and a network entity device 30 executes the disclosed method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is shown for illustrative not limiting, and the system may comprise more UEs, BSs, and CN entities. Connections between devices and device components are shown as lines and arrows in the FIGs. The UE 10a may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The UE 10b may include a processor 11b, a memory 12b, and a transceiver 13b. The base station 20a may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The network entity device 30 may include a processor 31, a memory 32, and a transceiver 33. Each of the processors 11a, 11b, 21a, and 31 may be configured to implement proposed functions, procedures and / or methods described in the description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processors 11a, 11b, 21a, and 31. Each of the memory 12a, 12b, 22a, and 32 operatively stores a variety of programs and information to operate a connected processor. Each of the transceivers 13a, 13b, 23a, and 33 is operatively coupled with a connected processor, transmits and / or receives radio signals or wireline signals. The UE 10a may be in communication with the UE 10b or other UEs. The base station 20a may be an eNB, a gNB, or one of other types of radio nodes, and may configure radio resources for the UE 10a and UE 10b.
[0029] Each of the processors 11a, 11b, 21a, and 31 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASICs) , other chipsets, logic circuits and / or data processing devices. Each of the memory 12a, 12b, 22a, and 32 may include read-only memory (ROM) , a random access memory (RAM) , a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium and / or other storage devices. Each of the transceivers 13a, 13b, 23a, and 33 may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented with modules, procedures, functions, entities, and so on, that perform the functions described herein. The modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the processors. The memory may be implemented within a processor or external to the processor, in which those may be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means are known in the art.
[0030] The network entity device 30 may be a node in a CN. CN may include LTE CN or 5G core (5GC) which includes user plane function (UPF) , session management function (SMF) , Access and mobility management function (AMF) , unified data management (UDM) , policy control function (PCF) , control plane (CP) / user plane (UP) separation (CUPS) , authentication server (AUSF) , network slice selection function (NSSF) , and the network exposure function (NEF) . An example of the UE in the description may include one of the UE 10a or UE 10b. An example of the base station in the description may include the base station 20a.
[0031] Amodern communication system, such as 5G New Radio (NR) , includes a Downlink (DL) that conveys signals from a Transmission Point (TP) , such as a gNB, to a User Equipment (UE) . AUE may be any fixed or mobile device, including a mobile station, cellular phone, personal computer, or automated machine. Examples of the automated machine may comprise an autonomous driving vehicle or a machine in factory, such as an industrial internet of thing (IIoT) device. The DL signals include data signals, such as the Physical DL Shared Channel (PDSCH) , control signals, such as the DL Control Information (DCI) conveyed over the Physical DL Control CHannel (PDCCH) , and Reference Signals (RS) . The gNB transmits multiple types of RS, including Channel State Information RS (CSI-RS) and Demodulation RS (DMRS) .
[0032] CSI-RS are typically transmitted over the entire DL system bandwidth (BW) and are used by UEs (e.g., UEs 10, 10a, 10b) to track Quasi Co-location (QCL) information, estimate Channel State Information (CSI) , and measure beams. DMRS are transmitted specifically within the BW of the respective PDSCH or PDCCH and are used by the UE for demodulation of data or control information in a PDSCH or an PDCCH.
[0033] DL resource allocation is defined in terms of time intervals (e.g., a subframe or slot ) and frequency units known as Resource Blocks (RBs) . APhysical Resource Block (PRB) is defined as a unit of one RB over one subframe, and a UE's transmission BW is allocated in units of PRBs.
[0034] Atransmission BW consists of frequency resource units referred to as Resource Blocks (RBs) . Each RB consists of sub-carriers, or Resource Elements (REs) , such as 12 REs. Aunit of one RB over one subframe is referred to as a PRB. AUE (e.g., UE 10) can be allocated MPDSCH RBs for a total of REs for the PDSCH transmission BW.
[0035] PUSCH Scheduling Modes
[0036] In the 5G New Radio (NR) system, a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission can be scheduled via two primary methods: dynamic scheduling (based on Downlink Control Information (DCI) ) or semi-static scheduling (based on Radio Resource Control (RRC) configuration and DCI activation) .
[0037] In dynamic scheduling, the User Equipment (UE) decodes a PDCCH containing a DCI, which then indicates the parameters for the corresponding PUSCH. The DCI contains essential information, including: - Frequency domain resource assignment; - time domain resource assignment; - Modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each transport block; - Redundancy version of each transport block; - Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) process number; - Uplink power control commands (TPC) for Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) ; - PUCCH resource indicator for HARQ feedback; - Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) ; and - SCell dormancy indication.
[0038] Hybrid Beamforming Architecture and Limitation
[0039] The 5G / NR system supports up to 128 Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) antenna ports, enabling the gNB to employ a very large number of antenna elements. This necessitates a hybrid beamforming mechanism for transmission and reception, particularly in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band.
[0040] In this hybrid architecture: - A large number of physical antenna elements are mapped onto a limited number of reference signal antenna ports via an analog array (controlled by phase / time delay shifters) . This array produces a wideband analog beam. - A digital beamforming layer performs a linear combination across the reference signal ports to increase precoding gain.
[0041] For the mmWave band, although the number of antenna elements can be very large, the number of digital transmit chains (which corresponds to the number of digital precoded ports) tends to be limited due to hardware implementation restrictions. In this case, one reference signal port is mapped onto a large number of antenna elements, which can be controlled by an array of analog phase and / or time delay shifters. This is why a hybrid beamforming mechanism is applied to the system's transmission and reception. The antenna sub-array connected to one reference signal port can produce an analog beam through analog beamforming, while digital beamforming can perform a linear combination across the reference signal ports to further increase the precoding gain. While analog beams are wideband (i.e., non-frequency-selective) , digital precoding can be varied across frequency sub-bands or resource blocks. To support such system implementations, 5G / NR supports multi-beam operation.
[0042] While digital precoding can, in theory, be varied across frequency sub-bands or resource blocks, the current NR specifications for PUSCH transmission generally enforce the use of a single, wideband precoder. This means the same precoder is applied across the entire frequency domain resource assignment, which is sub-optimal when channels exhibit frequency-selective fading.
[0043] The 5G / NR system supports beam indication and beam measurement reporting functions. The beam indication function supports indication for one Tx beam or two Tx beams from two separate TRPs, wherein each Tx beam is associated with a reference RS. For DL beam indication and measurement, the reference RS can be NZP CSI-RS and / or SSB. Here, DL beam indication is done via a TCI state. Aset of TCI states is configured via RRC signaling, and then a subset of TCI states is selected or activated through Medium Access Control (MAC) control element (CE) . Subsequently, the network (NW) , such as a gNB, can provide beam indication through DCI by indicating one or more TCI states. For UL beam indication and measurement, the reference RS can be NZP CSI-RS, SSB, and / or SRS. UL beam indication has two different methods: 1. one method is via the SRS resource indicator (SRI) field in the UL-related DCI; 2. another method is via the indicated TCI state.
[0044] For multi-beam operation, beam measurement and reporting is an essential procedure to facilitate beam selection. In the 5G / NR system, two beam measurement metrics are supported: L1-RSRP and L1-SINR. The L1-RSRP, accompanied by an associated CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) or SSB resource indicator (SSBRI) , is used as the metric for beam reporting. Similarly, the L1-SINR, accompanied by an associated CRI or SSBRI, is used as the metric for beam reporting. The L1-RSRP is calculated from measuring CSI-RS or SSB, resulting in CSI-RSRP or SS-RSRP. The L1-SINR is also calculated from measuring CSI-RS or SSB, resulting in CSI-SINR or SS-SINR. Note that the SINR is expected to include some interference information. The 5G / NR system utilizes multi-stage beam sweeping procedures to align the Tx beam at the gNB side and the Rx beam at the UE side. The network (e.g., gNB 20) first sweeps coarse beams, and the UE (e.g., UE 10) measures all the coarse beams and reports the best beam. Then, the network can sweep a set of narrow beams corresponding to one coarse beam, which enables the UE to refine the Tx beam measurement. Finally, the network can repeat the transmission of one narrow Tx beam so that the UE can sweep the Rx beam for this narrow Tx beam.
[0045] Several drawbacks of the current multi-beam operation design can be identified. First, the reference RS overhead required to complete beam sweeping is large. The network transmits reference RSs to cover all possible beam direction angles. To achieve high beamforming gain, the beams must be sufficiently narrow, which significantly increases the overhead of reference RSs associated with beam sweeping. Second, the beam measurement design does not provide assistive information for the network to further refine the beam direction. Instead, the network can only perform simple beam sweeping to cover all possible beam directions. Third, each UE has its own optimal beam direction. However, the current design assumes that the network implements a fixed set of Tx beams that are used for all UEs in the same cell. In other words, the Tx beams are cell-specific, even though the optimal beam should be UE-specific.
[0046] The present disclosure provides solutions for physical control signaling (DCI) design for PDSCH transmission. The DCI adopts a multi-part design: 1. the first part contains the minimal information necessary for a basic transmission scheme; and 2. the additional part of the DCI carries indication information for more advanced transmission schemes, such as frequency-selective precoding, multi-panel transmission, frequency-domain or time-domain repetition, and beam sweeping transmission.
[0047] With reference to FIG. 2, for example, an embodiment of a UE 10 includes one of the UE 10a or UE 10b, an embodiment of a base station 20 (e.g., gNB) includes the base station 20a. Although the UE 10 and the base station 20 are detailed as examples in the description, the disclosed method may be applied to other UEs and / or other base stations. Uplink (UL) transmission of a control signal or data may be a transmission operation from a UE to a base station. Downlink (DL) transmission of a control signal or data may be a transmission operation from a base station to a UE.
[0048] Step S101: The UE 10 and the gNB 20 perform a first stage beam measuring. The first stage comprises measuring absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection. The UE 10 transmits to gNB 20 a first stage beam measurement report that includes absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection The gNB 20 receives from UE 10 the first stage beam measurement report that includes absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection.
[0049] This first stage corresponds directly to the absolute channel quality measurement. As illustrated in Embodiment I. 1, the UE 10 measures the channel quality (e.g., RSRP) of the strongest path in the time-domain channel impulse response derived from each beam measurement RS (e.g., NZP CSI-RS or SSB) . The UE 10 reports these absolute values, enabling the network (e.g., gNB 20) to perform coarse beam selection by identifying the beam with the highest reported quality.
[0050] Step S102: The UE 10 and the gNB 20 perform a second stage beam measurement. The second stage comprises measuring relative channel quality differences for beam refinement. The UE 10 transmits to gNB 20 a second stage beam measurement report that includes relative channel quality differences for beam refinement. The gNB 20 receives from UE 10 the second stage beam measurement report that includes relative channel quality differences for beam refinement.
[0051] This second stage directly supports the relative metric computation and reporting. As illustrated in Embodiment I. 2, the UE 10 computes a relative channel quality metric as the difference (in dB or normalized linear scale) between the strongest-path quality of a non-reference RS and that of a designated reference beam measurement RS (typically the best beam from the first stage) . The network (e.g., gNB 20) transmits a targeted cluster of narrow beams, and the UE (e.g., UE 10) reports per-RS relative differences, enabling high-precision angular refinement. The targeted cluster of narrow beams can be represented by one or more RS pairs or RS subsets detailed in the following.
[0052] In the first stage, the gNB 20 transmits beam measurement RSs for first stage beam measuring. The UE 10 receives the beam measurement RSs from the gNB 20, estimates, for each beam measurement RS, a channel response, and measures a channel quality of a strongest path in the channel response. The UE 10 reports the beam measurement conveyed in the first stage beam measurement report to the gNB 20. The gNB 20 receives the first stage beam measurement report containing absolute channel qualities (for supporting coarse selection) .
[0053] In the second stage, the gNB 20 transmits RS cluster (beam measurement RSs) around the selected best beam for second stage beam measurement. The UE 10 receives the beam measurement RSs from the gNB 20, estimates, for each beam measurement RS, a channel response, and measures a channel quality of a strongest path in the channel response. The UE 10 reports the beam measurement conveyed in the first stage beam measurement report to the gNB 20. The gNB 20 receives the second stage beam measurement report containing relative differences. The gNB 20 refines the UE-specific Tx beam direction accordingly.
[0054] The first stage and the second stage can be executed sequentially or simultaneously. Abeam measurement report may comprise one or more beam measurement reporting metrics. When the first stage beam measurement report and the second stage beam measurement report can be integrated as one report.
[0055] With reference to FIG. 3, beam measurement in the disclosed method is detailed in the following.
[0056] Step S001: The gNB 20 transmits a plurality of beam measurement reference signals (RSs) to the UE 10. The UE 10 receives the plurality of beam measurement reference signals (RSs) from the gNB 20.
[0057] Step S002: The UE 10 estimates, for each beam measurement RS, a channel response and measures a channel quality of a strongest path in the channel response. Channel quality measurement, beam measurement, and channel response can be executed in current technology or any other new technologies and will not be detailed in the description.
[0058] Step S003: The UE 10 reports at least one beam measurement reporting metric based on the measured channel quality to the gNB 20. The gNB 20 receives, from the UE 10, the at least one beam measurement reporting metric. The at least one beam measurement reporting metric can serve as a beam measurement report. The plurality of beam measurement RSs includes a reference beam measurement RS and at least one non-reference beam measurement RS. The at least one beam measurement reporting metric includes a relative metric defined as a difference between channel quality of a strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS and channel quality of a strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.
[0059] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the disclose method comprises a two-stage beam measurement in which: a first stage includes measuring absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection; and a second stage includes measuring relative channel quality differences for beam refinement.
[0060] The gNB 20 receives a first stage beam measurement report that includes absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection and receives a second stage beam measurement report that includes relative channel quality differences for beam refinement.
[0061] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, each beam measurement RS corresponds to a transmit beam or a beam measurement port, and the reference beam measurement RS corresponds to a reference transmit beam or reference port used for computing the relative metric.
[0062] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the relative metric is calculated as the channel quality of the strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS subtracted from the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.
[0063] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the relative metric is calculated as a normalized difference, comprising the channel quality of the strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS subtracted from the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, and a result of the subtraction divided by the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, using linear values.
[0064] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, when reporting the at least one beam measurement reporting metric, the UE 10 transmits a report to the gNB 20. The gNB 20 receives the report including: an identifier indicating the reference beam measurement RS, absolute channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, and one or more per-RS report data units, each corresponding to a reported non-reference beam measurement RS and comprising:an indicator identifying the non-reference beam measurement RS from a configured set, and the relative metric computed relative to the reference beam measurement RS.
[0065] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the indicator is an index within a preconfigured list of beam measurement RSs, and the report includes up to a predetermined number K of the per-RS basis report data units, where K is a network-configured or standard-specified positive integer.
[0066] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the gNB 20 transmits configuration information indicating the plurality of beam measurement RSs, one designated as the reference beam measurement RS. The UE 10 receives the configuration information indicating the plurality of beam measurement RSs, one designated as the reference beam measurement RS.
[0067] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the plurality of beam measurement RSs are organized into pairs, each pair comprising a first RS as a local reference and a second RS, and the relative metric is computed per pair using the first RS as the reference beam measurement RS.
[0068] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the plurality of beam measurement RSs are organized into subsets, each subset containing at least three RSs with one designated as a subset reference, and relative metrics are computed for the non-reference RSs in the subset relative to the subset reference.
[0069] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, reporting is performed via uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .
[0070] In one or more embodiments of the disclosure, the beam measurement RS comprises at least one of: a non-zero power channel state information RS (NZP CSI-RS) , a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a demodulation RS (DMRS) .
[0071] For brevity, the following discussion considers both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) as duplex methods for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) signaling. Although the exemplary descriptions and embodiments assume orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) , the present disclosure extends to other OFDM-based transmission waveforms or multiple access schemes, such as filtered OFDM (F-OFDM) . The present disclosure encompasses several components that may be used in conjunction or combination with one another, or that may operate as standalone schemes. In the present disclosure, the term "PDSCH" refers to a downlink transmission from the network (or gNB) to a user equipment (UE) (e.g., UE 10) . APDSCH corresponds to a downlink transmission within a specified frequency-time resource allocation. The PDSCH may be dynamically scheduled by the network (e.g., gNB 20) (e.g., via downlink control information (DCI) ) , preconfigured with a specific frequency-time resource allocation (including parameters such as resource location, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) , and transmission scheme) , or configured through a combination of pre-configuration and activation / triggering. The following embodiment provides an example of DCI-triggered PDSCH transmission. The UE (e.g., UE 10) receives DCI from the network, where the DCI indicates scheduling or configuration information for a PDSCH. The UE then receives the PDSCH in accordance with the indicated configuration. As illustrated in diagram 100 of FIG. 4, a PDSCH operation 100 begins with the network transmitting DCI to the UE to trigger or schedule a PDSCH transmission (step 101) . Upon receiving the DCI, the UE decodes it to obtain the configuration / indication information for the PDSCH (step 102) . Examples of information indicated by the DCI include, but are not limited to: frequency-domain and time-domain resource allocation, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process ID, MCS level, transmission scheme, and transmission configuration indication (TCI) selection. After decoding the DCI, the UE detects the PDSCH based on the obtained indication information (step 103) .
[0072] The present disclosure encompasses several components that may be used in conjunction or in combination with one another, or that may operate as standalone schemes.
[0073] The terminology used herein-such as TCI, TCI state, RS, reference RS, beam, beam RS, beam measurement RS, BM RS, and similar terms-is for illustrative purposes only and is not normative. Equivalent terms referring to the same concepts or functions may also be employed.
[0074] Areference RS, beam RS, beam measurement RS, BM RS, or port represents a set of characteristics of a downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) transmit (Tx) beam, including but not limited to direction, angle, precoding, beamforming, and number of ports. For example, a UE (e.g., UE 10) may receive a reference RS identifier / index in a DL assignment indicated by a TCI state and apply the known characteristics of that reference RS to the assigned DL transmission. The reference signal (or beam RS, beam measurement RS, BM RS, or port) can be received and measured by the UE, with the measurement results used to compute a beam report. Upon receiving the beam report, the network (e.g., gNB 20) gains information to assign a DL Tx beam to the UE or a UL Tx beam for the UE's uplink transmissions. Additionally, the reference signal (or beam RS, beam measurement RS, BM RS, or port) can be transmitted by the UE, enabling the network to measure it and determine appropriate DL and / or UL Tx beam assignments for the UE.
[0075] The reference signal (or beam RS, beam measurement RS, BM RS, or port) may be dynamically triggered by the network (e.g., via DCI signaling) , preconfigured with specific time-domain behavior (e.g., via radio resource control (RRC) signaling) , or configured through a combination of pre-configuration and activation / deactivation (e.g., for semi-persistent transmission) .
[0076] Component 1: Measurement Metrics
[0077] In the embodiments described below, beam measurement reporting metrics are defined and calculated for various transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) beam pairs. For a given Tx-Rx beam pair, the reference signal received power (RSRP) metric is derived from a selected path in the estimated channel impulse response. Note that other metrics-such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indication (RSSI) , or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) -may also be used.
[0078] One exemplary procedure is as follows: the UE (e.g., UE 10) receives a reference RS, performs a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert it to the frequency domain, estimates the channel response in the frequency domain, and then applies an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to obtain the time-domain channel estimate. Finally, the UE measures the RSRP of a specific path in the channel estimate-typically the path with the highest power.
[0079] These calculations rely on at least one beam measurement RS, which may be a non-zero power channel state information reference signal (NZP CSI-RS) , a synchronization signal block (SSB) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a dedicated beam measurement RS, or a port designated for beam measurement. In one example, each port of the reference signal corresponds to a distinct Tx beam for measurement by the UE, with multiple ports representing multiple Tx beams. For the purposes of this disclosure, one port is treated as one beam measurement RS unit.
[0080] Embodiment I. 1:
[0081] The beam measurement reporting metric is the RSRP of the path exhibiting the highest RSRP within the channel estimate derived from a single beam measurement RS. This RSRP may represent the power contribution of the samples associated with that path or the linear average power of the channel response at that path across the resource elements carrying the beam measurement RS. The path may be the first-arrival (1st path) delay or, more generally, the strongest path (i.e., the path with the highest RSRP) among all paths in the channel response. Thus, the metric is the RSRP of the strongest path measured from the resource elements carrying the beam measurement RS.
[0082] In one sub-embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) may be configured to measure N beam measurement RSs and report the RSRP of the strongest path for each, as defined in Embodiment I. 1.
[0083] Embodiment I. 2:
[0084] An example of the beam measurement reporting metric is the difference in RSRP between a specific path in the channel responses of two beam measurement RSs. Note that RSRP is only used for illustration, other metrics-such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , received signal strength indication (RSSI) , or reference signal received quality (RSRQ) -may also be used. For example, the UE (e.g., UE 10) measures the RSRP of the same path (e.g., the first-arrival path delay) for both a first beam measurement RS and a second beam measurement RS.
[0085] The beam measurement reporting metric Mt, r for a given Tx-Rx beam pair {t, r} may be defined as: Mt, r=RSRPt, r, 2-RSRPt, r, 1 where RSRPt, r, 1 is the RSRP measured from the selected path in the first beam measurement RS (as represented by the last subscription 1) , and RSRPt, r, 2 is the RSRP measured from the corresponding path in the second beam measurement RS (as represented by the last subscription 2) , both in decibels (dB) .
[0086] Another definition of the beam measurement reporting metric for a given Tx-Rx beam pair {t, r} can be defined in linear scale as a normalized difference: where both RSRP values are in linear units, RSRPt, r, 1 is the RSRP measured from the selected path in the first beam measurement RS, and RSRPt, r, 2 is the RSRP measured from the corresponding path in the second beam measurement RS.
[0087] Both formulations compute the relative power between two Tx beams at a selected direction, enabling the network (e.g., gNB 20) to refine its estimate of the UE’s angular location and thereby optimize the Tx beam direction for that UE. The first beam measurement RS can be designated as the reference beam.
[0088] Component 2: Configuration Mechanisms
[0089] The beam measurement reporting metrics proposed herein enable the network (e.g., gNB 20) to refine its angular / directional estimate of a UE’s position. This is achieved through a two-stage process: 1. First Stage (Coarse Estimation) : The network configures the UE (e.g., UE 10) to measure N1 Tx beams and report the RSRP of the strongest path in the channel response for each (as defined in Embodiment I. 1) . Based on these reports, the network roughly estimates the UE’s angle / direction and identifies the “best” Tx beam. 2. Second Stage (Refinement) : The network transmits a cluster of one or more Tx beams centered around the best beam from the first stage. The UE then measures the RSRP difference (derivation) of each of these beams relative to the selected reference beam from the first stage, as defined in Embodiment I. 2. Using these relative measurements, the network refines the UE’s angular / directional estimate.
[0090] Non-differential measurement based on beam measurement RS
[0091] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (N ) beam measurement RSs and report the metric defined in Embodiment I. 2 for each. For each of the (N ) RSs, the UE is provided with a configured reference beam.
[0092] Differential measurement based on beam measurement RS pair
[0093] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (N ) beam measurement RSs partitioned into multiple pairs. Note that even though the term “partition” is used here, the beam measurement RSs may be just interpreted or processed as multiple pairs without actually partitioning operation. For each pair, the UE reports the metric defined in Embodiment I. 2, using the first beam measurement RS in the pair as the reference beam.
[0094] Hybrid scheme of measurement
[0095] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (N ) beam measurement RSs, one of which (the first) is designated as the reference beam. The UE: 1. for this reference beam, reports the metric for this reference beam as defined in Embodiment I. 1; 2. for each of the remaining N-1 RSs, reports the metric as defined in Embodiment I. 2, using the first (reference) beam measurement RS as the reference.
[0096] Component 3: Reporting Mechanisms
[0097] The UE (e.g., UE 10) reports the beam measurement reporting metrics to the network (e.g., gNB 20) via a Layer 2 message (e.g., MAC CE or other L1 message) or physical layer signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI) carried on PUCCH or PUSCH) .
[0098] Non-differential measurement and reporting based on beam measurement RS
[0099] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is provided with a list of (N ) beam measurement RSs (which may be CSI-RSs, beam RSs, dedicated beam measurement RSs, ports, or synchronization RSs) . The UE measures the RSRP of the strongest path in the channel response for each beam measurement RS and is requested to report the measurements for (K ) of these RSs (K≤N) . N and K are positive integers.
[0100] For example, with K=4, in a single beam measurement reporting instance, the UE reports: 1. A first indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the RSRP of a strongest path of the identified beam measurement RS; 2. A second indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the RSRP of a strongest path of the identified beam measurement RS; 3. A third indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the RSRP of a strongest path of the identified beam measurement RS; 4. A fourth indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the RSRP of a strongest path of the identified beam measurement RS.
[0101] Differential measurement and reporting based on beam measurement RS
[0102] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (N ) beam measurement RSs and to compute the beam reporting metric for each as defined in Embodiment I. 2. For each of the (N ) RSs, the UE is provided with a configured reference beam and calculates the metric relative to that reference beam. The UE is requested to report the metrics for (K ) of these beam measurement RSs (K≤N) . For example, with K = 4, in a single beam measurement reporting instance, the UE reports: 1. A first indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the relative metric (as per Embodiment I. 2) of the identified beam measurement RS computed using its configured reference beam; 2. As econd indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the relative metric of the identified beam measurement RS computed using its configured reference beam; 3. A third indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the relative metric of the identified beam measurement RS computed using its configured reference beam; 4. A fourth indicator identifying one of the (N ) beam measurement RSs, together with the relative metric of the identified beam measurement RS computed using its configured reference beam.
[0103] The relative metric may be differential RSRP.
[0104] Differential measurement and reporting based on beam measurement RS pairs
[0105] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (M ) pairs of beam measurement RSs, where each pair consists of a first beam measurement RS and a second beam measurement RS. For each pair, the UE computes the beam reporting metric as defined in Embodiment I. 2, using the first beam measurement RS in the pair as the reference beam.
[0106] The UE is requested to report the measurements for (K ) of these pairs (K≤N) . For example, with K = 4, in a single beam measurement reporting instance, the UE reports: 1. A first indicator identifying one of the (M ) pairs, the relative metric defined in Embodiment I. 2 for that pair, and optionally the RSRP of the strongest path of the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference) in the pair; 2. A second indicator identifying one of the (M ) pairs, the relative metric defined in Embodiment I. 2 for that pair, and optionally the RSRP of the strongest path of the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference) in the pair; 3. A third indicator identifying one of the (M ) pairs, the relative metric defined in Embodiment I. 2 for that pair, and optionally the RSRP of the strongest path of the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference) in the pair; 4. A fourth indicator identifying one of the (M ) pairs, the relative metric defined in Embodiment I. 2 for that pair, and optionally the RSRP of the strongest path of the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference) in the pair.
[0107] Hybrid scheme of measurement and reporting based on beam measurement RS subsets
[0108] In one embodiment , the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (M ) subsets of beam measurement RSs. Each subset contains P ≥3 beam measurement RSs, with one designated as the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference) . P is a positive integer. For each subset, the UE: - for the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference beam measurement RS) , computes the RSRP of the strongest path in the channel response of the reference beam measurement RS (as per Embodiment I. 1) ; - for each of the remaining P-1 beam measurement RSs in the subset, computes the relative beam measurement reporting metric defined in Embodiment I. 2, using the reference beam measurement RS as the reference.
[0109] The UE is requested to report the measurements for (K ) of these subsets (K ≤ M) . For example, with K =4, in a single reporting instance, the UE reports: - For the first subset: 1. An indicator identifying the subset; 2. The RSRP of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS in this subset; 3. P-1 relative metrics (as per Embodiment I. 2) for the P-1 non-reference RSs in the subset, each accompanied by an indicator identifying the corresponding RS within the subset. - For the second subset: 1. An indicator identifying the subset; 2. The RSRP of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS in this subset; 3. P-1 relative metrics (as per Embodiment I. 2) for the P-1 non-reference RSs in the subset, each accompanied by an indicator identifying the corresponding RS within the subset. - For the third subset: 1. An indicator identifying the subset; 2. The RSRP of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS in this subset; 3. P-1 relative metrics (as per Embodiment I. 2) for the P-1 non-reference RSs in the subset, each accompanied by an indicator identifying the corresponding RS within the subset. - For the fourth subset: 1. An indicator identifying the subset; 2. The RSRP of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS in this subset; 3. P-1 relative metrics (as per Embodiment I. 2) for the P-1 non-reference RSs in the subset, each accompanied by an indicator identifying the corresponding RS within the subset.
[0110] Hybrid scheme of measurement and reporting based on beam measurement RS
[0111] In one embodiment, the UE (e.g., UE 10) is configured to measure (N ) beam measurement RSs, one of which-designated as the first beam measurement RS-serves as the reference beam. The UE: - for the first beam measurement RS (i.e., the reference beam measurement RS of the reference beam) , computes the beam measurement reporting metric for this reference beam as defined in Embodiment I. 1 (i.e., the RSRP of the strongest path of the first beam measurement RS or the reference beam) ; - for each of the remaining N-1 beam measurement RSs, computes the relative beam measurement reporting metric as defined in Embodiment I. 2, using the first beam measurement RS as the reference.
[0112] The UE is requested to report: - The metric for the reference beam (per Embodiment I. 1) ; and - The relative metrics (per Embodiment I. 2) for (K ) of the N-1 non-reference beam measurement RSs (K ≤ N-1) .
[0113] For example, with K = 4, in a single beam measurement reporting instance, the UE reports: 1. The RSRP of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS (i.e., first beam measurement RS) (per Embodiment I. 1) ; 2. A first indicator identifying one of the N-1 non-reference beam measurement RSs, together with a relative metric (per Embodiment I. 2) of the identified non-reference beam measurement RS; 3. A second indicator identifying one of the N-1 non-reference beam measurement RSs, together with a relative metric (per Embodiment I. 2) of the identified non-reference beam measurement RS; 4. A third indicator identifying one of the N-1 non-reference beam measurement RSs, together with a relative metric (per Embodiment I. 2) of the identified non-reference beam measurement RS; 5. A fourth indicator identifying one of the N-1 non-reference beam measurement RSs, together with a relative metric (per Embodiment I. 2) of the identified non-reference beam measurement RS.
[0114] The proposed methods introduce novel beam measurement reporting techniques that enable low-overhead beam training. The methods and apparatuses disclosed herein provide several significant technical advantages in multi-beam wireless communication systems, particularly in 5G NR and beyond.
[0115] By introducing relative beam measurement reporting (Embodiment I. 2) , the system enables efficient beam refinement in a second-stage process using a targeted cluster of narrow beams around a coarsely selected best beam. This eliminates the need for exhaustive sweeping of all possible beam directions, substantially decreasing the number of beam measurement RS transmissions required for high-precision beam alignment.
[0116] The combination of absolute RSRP reporting (Embodiment I. 1) in the initial stage and differential (relative) RSRP reporting in the refinement stage allows the network (e.g., gNB 20) to precisely estimate the angular position of each UE. This per-UE beam optimization enhances beamforming gain, signal quality, and spectral efficiency compared to conventional cell-specific beam designs.
[0117] The proposed reporting mechanisms enable the gNB to derive fine-grained directional information from relative power differences among closely spaced beams. This facilitates dynamic, UE-specific transmit beam adjustment, improving link robustness in high-mobility or dense deployment scenarios.
[0118] The modular configuration and reporting frameworks-supporting individual RSs, paired measurements, subset-based clustering, and mixed absolute / relative reporting-provide adaptability to varying channel conditions, antenna array capabilities, and network loading. This ensures efficient use of uplink control resources while maintaining comprehensive beam feedback.
[0119] The two-stage hierarchical approach accelerates beam training convergence. Coarse beam selection via strong-path RSRP reporting quickly narrows the search space, while targeted relative measurements in the second stage enable rapid convergence to the optimal narrow beam, reducing overall beam establishment and tracking latency.
[0120] The disclosed techniques build upon existing 5G NR frameworks (e.g., CSI-RS, SSB, TCI states, UCI / MAC CE reporting) without requiring new physical signals, ensuring seamless integration and compliance with current and future 3GPP specifications.
[0121] These technical effects collectively contribute to higher system capacity, improved user experience, and more efficient utilization of millimeter-wave and sub-THz spectrum in advanced wireless networks.
[0122] With reference to FIG. 5, the UE 10 may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The processor 11a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 12a, to cause UE 10 in which the processor 11a is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of a UE. The UE 10 is an example of the UE in the description. The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0123] With reference to FIG. 6, the base station 20 is a network device and may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The processor 21a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 22a, to cause base station 20 in which the processor 21a is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a RAN, such as a base station 20a. The eNB, ng-eNB, and gNB are examples of the base station in the description. The base station can have a functional split configuration such that a first portion of the base station (referred to as onboard eNB, ng-eNB, and gNB) is installed in an NTN device, such as a satellite, and a second portion of the base station (referred to as on-ground eNB, ng-eNB, and gNB) is installed in a terrestrial network (TN) device. The transceiver 23a, may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0124] With reference to FIG. 7, the network device 30 may be a core network device and may include a processor 31a, a memory 32a, and a transceiver 33a. The processor 31a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 32a, to cause network node 30 in which the processor 31a is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a network device, such as network entity device 30a, EPC, 5G Core, 6G Core, IMS server, and other network devices are examples of the network device in the description. The network device can have a functional split configuration such that a first portion of the network device (referred to as onboard core network device, such as MME-onboard) is installed in an NTN device, such as a satellite, and a second portion of the network device (referred to as on-ground core network device, such as MME-ground) is installed in a terrestrial network (TN) device. The transceiver 33a, may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0125] With reference to FIG. 8, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 70 that may correspond to a UE in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 may implement a corresponding process realized by the UE in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 includes a processor 71, and the processor 71 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0126] Optionally, the chip 70 may also include a memory 72. In particular, the processor 71 may call and run the computer program from the memory 72 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0127] Moreover, the memory 72 may be a separate device from the processor 71 or may be integrated into the processor 71.
[0128] Optionally, the chip 70 may include an input interface 73. Note that the processor 71 may control the input interface 73 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0129] Optionally, the chip 70 may further include an output interface 74. Note that the processor 71 may control the output interface 74 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0130] With reference to FIG. 9, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 80 that may correspond to a RAN in the description, and the chip 80 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the base station in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 80 includes a processor 81, and the processor 81 may call and run a computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0131] Optionally, the chip 80 may further include a memory 82. In particular, the processor 81 may call and run the computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0132] Wherein the memory 82 may be a separate device from the processor 81 or may be integrated into the processor 81.
[0133] Optionally, the chip 80 may also include an input interface 83. In particular, the processor 81 may control the input interface 83 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0134] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 84. In particular, the processor 81 may control the output interface 84 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0135] With reference to FIG. 10, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 90 that may correspond to a network device (e.g., EPC, 5G Core, 6G Core, IMS server, RAN) in the description, and the chip 90 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the base station in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 90 includes a processor 91, and the processor 91 may call and run a computer program from the memory 92 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0136] Optionally, the chip 90 may further include a memory 92. In particular, the processor 91 may call and run the computer program from the memory 92 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0137] Wherein the memory 92 may be a separate device from the processor 91 or may be integrated into the processor 91.
[0138] Optionally, the chip 90 may also include an input interface 93. In particular, the processor 91 may control the input interface 93 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0139] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 94. In particular, the processor 91 may control the output interface 94 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0140] The embodiment of the present disclosure is a combination of techniques / processes that may be adopted in 3GPP specification to create an end product.
[0141] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an example system 700 for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Embodiments described herein may be implemented into the system using any suitably configured hardware and / or software. FIG. 11 illustrates the system 700 including a radio frequency (RF) circuitry 710, a baseband circuitry 720, a processing unit 730, a memory / storage 740, a display 750, a camera 760, a sensor 770, and an input / output (I / O) interface 780, coupled with each other as illustrated.
[0142] The processing unit 730 may include circuitry, such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include any combinations of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors, such as graphics processors and application processors. The processors may be coupled with the memory / storage and configured to execute instructions stored in the memory / storage to enable various applications and / or operating systems running on the system.
[0143] The baseband circuitry 720 may include circuitry, such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processors may include a baseband processor. The baseband circuitry may handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry. The radio control functions may include, but are not limited to, signal modulation, encoding, decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry may support communication with 5G NR, LTE, an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and / or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) . Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry. In various embodiments, the baseband circuitry 720 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a baseband frequency. For example, in some embodiments, baseband circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
[0144] The RF circuitry 710 may enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry may include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate communication with the wireless network. In various embodiments, the RF circuitry 710 may include circuitry to operate with signals that are not strictly considered as being in a radio frequency. For example, in some embodiments, RF circuitry may include circuitry to operate with signals having an intermediate frequency, which is between a baseband frequency and a radio frequency.
[0145] In various embodiments, the transmitter circuitry, control circuitry, or receiver circuitry discussed above with respect to the UE, eNB, or gNB may be embodied in whole or in part in one or more of the RF circuitries, the baseband circuitry, and / or the processing unit. As used herein, “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) , an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) , and / or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the electronic device circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry, the processing unit, and / or the memory / storage may be implemented together on a system on a chip (SOC) .
[0146] The memory / storage 740 may be used to load and store data and / or instructions, for example, for the system. The memory / storage for one embodiment may include any combination of suitable volatile memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) ) , and / or non-volatile memory, such as flash memory. In various embodiments, the I / O interface 780 may include one or more user interfaces designed to enable user interaction with the system and / or peripheral component interfaces designed to enable peripheral component interaction with the system. User interfaces may include, but are not limited to a physical keyboard or keypad, a touchpad, a speaker, a microphone, etc. Peripheral component interfaces may include, but are not limited to, a non-volatile memory port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an audio jack, and a power supply interface.
[0147] In various embodiments, the sensor 770 may include one or more sensing devices to determine environmental conditions and / or location information related to the system. In some embodiments, the sensors may include, but are not limited to, a gyro sensor, an accelerometer, a proximity sensor, an ambient light sensor, and a positioning unit. The positioning unit may also be part of, or interact with, the baseband circuitry and / or RF circuitry to communicate with components of a positioning network, e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) satellite. In various embodiments, the display 750 may include a display, such as a liquid crystal display and a touch screen display. In various embodiments, the system 700 may be a mobile computing device such as, but not limited to, a laptop computing device, a tablet computing device, a netbook, an Ultrabook, a smartphone, etc. In various embodiments, the system may have more or less components, and / or different architectures. Where appropriate, the methods described herein may be implemented as a computer program. The computer program may be stored on a storage medium, such as a non-transitory storage medium.
[0148] The embodiment of the present disclosure is a combination of techniques / processes that may be adopted in 3GPP specification to create an end product.
[0149] A person having ordinary skill in the art understands that each of the units, algorithm, and steps described and disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are realized using electronic hardware or combinations of software for computers and electronic hardware. Whether the functions run in hardware or software depends on the condition of the application and design requirement for a technical plan. A person who has ordinary skill in the art may use different ways to realize the function for each specific application while such realizations should not go beyond the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art that he / she may refer to the working processes of the system, device, and unit in the above-mentioned embodiment since the working processes of the above-mentioned system, device, and unit are basically the same. For easy description and simplicity, these working processes will not be detailed.
[0150] It is to be understood that the systems, devices, and methods disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in alternative configurations. The embodiments described are illustrative and not restrictive. The division of functional units is based on logical functions, and alternative divisions may be employed in practice. Multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or certain features may be omitted or not implemented. Additionally, the described couplings, whether direct, indirect, or communicative, may be achieved through various interfaces, devices, or units using electrical, mechanical, or other forms of connection.
[0151] The functional units described herein may or may not be physically separate. Displayed units may or may not constitute physical entities and may be located in a single location or distributed across multiple network entities. Some or all of the units may be selected based on the objectives of specific embodiments. Furthermore, each functional unit in the embodiments may be integrated into a single processing unit, exist as physically distinct units, or be integrated with other units into a single processing unit.
[0152] If the software function unit is realized and used and sold as a product, it may be stored in a readable storage medium in a computer. Based on this understanding, the technical plan proposed by the present disclosure may be essentially or partially realized in the form of a software product. Or, one part of the technical plan beneficial to conventional technology may be realized as the form of a software product. The software product in the computer is stored in a storage medium, including a plurality of commands for a computational device (such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to run all or some of the steps disclosed by the embodiments of the present disclosure. The storage medium includes a USB disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM) , a random-access memory (RAM) , a floppy disk, or other kinds of media capable of storing program codes.
[0153] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A beam measurement method for execution by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving a plurality of beam measurement reference signals (RSs) from a network node;estimating, for each beam measurement RS, a channel response;measuring a channel quality of a strongest path in the channel response; andreporting at least one beam measurement reporting metric based on the measured channel quality to the network node,wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs includes a reference beam measurement RS and at least one non-reference beam measurement RS, and the at least one beam measurement reporting metric includes a relative metric defined as a difference between channel quality of a strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS and channel quality of a strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising in a two-stage beam measurement:a first stage measuring absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection; anda second stage measuring relative channel quality differences for beam refinement.3.The method of claim 1, wherein each beam measurement RS corresponds to a transmit beam or a beam measurement port, and the reference beam measurement RS corresponds to a reference transmit beam or reference port used for computing the relative metric.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the relative metric is calculated as the channel quality of the strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS subtracted from the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the relative metric is calculated as a normalized difference, comprising the channel quality of the strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS subtracted from the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, and a result of the subtraction divided by the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, using linear values.6.The method of claim 1, wherein reporting the at least one beam measurement reporting metric comprises:transmitting a report including:an identifier indicating the reference beam measurement RS,absolute channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, andone or more per-RS report data units, each corresponding to a reported non-reference beam measurement RS and comprising:(i) an indicator identifying the non-reference beam measurement RS from a configured set, and(ii) the relative metric computed relative to the reference beam measurement RS.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the indicator is an index within a preconfigured list of beam measurement RSs, and the report includes up to a predetermined number K of the per-RS basis report data units, where K is a network-configured or standard-specified positive integer.8.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving configuration information indicating the plurality of beam measurement RSs, one designated as the reference beam measurement RS.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs are organized into pairs, each pair comprising a first RS as a local reference and a second RS, and the relative metric is computed per pair using the first RS as the reference beam measurement RS.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs are organized into subsets, each subset containing at least three RSs with one designated as a subset reference, and relative metrics are computed for the non-reference RSs in the subset relative to the subset reference.11.The method of claim 1, wherein reporting is performed via uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .12.The method of claim 1, wherein the beam measurement RS comprises at least one of: a non-zero power channel state information RS (NZP CSI-RS) , a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a demodulation RS (DMRS) .13.A network node comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 12.14.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 12.15.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 12.16.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 12.17.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 12.18.A beam measurement method for execution by a network node, comprising:transmitting a plurality of beam measurement reference signals (RSs) to a user equipment (UE) ; andreceiving, from the UE, at least one beam measurement reporting metric,wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs includes a reference beam measurement RS and at least one non-reference beam measurement RS, and the at least one beam measurement reporting metric includes a relative metric defined as a difference between channel quality of a strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS and channel quality of a strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.19.The method of claim 18, further comprising in a two-stage beam measurement:receiving a first stage beam measurement report that includes absolute channel quality of strongest paths for coarse beam selection; andreceiving a second stage beam measurement report that includes relative channel quality differences for beam refinement.20.The method of claim 18, wherein each beam measurement RS corresponds to a transmit beam or a beam measurement port, and the reference beam measurement RS corresponds to a reference transmit beam or reference port used for computing the relative metric.21.The method of claim 18, wherein the relative metric is calculated as the channel quality of the strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS subtracted from the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the relative metric is calculated as a normalized difference, comprising the channel quality of the strongest path of the non-reference beam measurement RS subtracted from the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, and a result of the subtraction divided by the channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, using linear values.23.The method of claim 18, wherein receiving the at least one beam measurement reporting metric comprises:receiving a report including:an identifier indicating the reference beam measurement RS,absolute channel quality of the strongest path of the reference beam measurement RS, andone or more per-RS report data units, each corresponding to a reported non-reference beam measurement RS and comprising:(i) an indicator identifying the non-reference beam measurement RS from a configured set, and(ii) the relative metric computed relative to the reference beam measurement RS.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the indicator is an index within a preconfigured list of beam measurement RSs, and the report includes up to a predetermined number K of the per-RS basis report data units, where K is a network-configured or standard-specified positive integer.25.The method of claim 18, further comprising:transmitting configuration information indicating the plurality of beam measurement RSs, one designated as the reference beam measurement RS.26.The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs are organized into pairs, each pair comprising a first RS as a local reference and a second RS, and the relative metric is computed per pair using the first RS as the reference beam measurement RS.27.The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of beam measurement RSs are organized into subsets, each subset containing at least three RSs with one designated as a subset reference, and relative metrics are computed for the non-reference RSs in the subset relative to the subset reference.28.The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one beam measurement reporting metric is received via uplink control information (UCI) on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or via a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) .29.The method of claim 18, wherein the beam measurement RS comprises at least one of: a non-zero power channel state information RS (NZP CSI-RS) , a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a demodulation RS (DMRS) .30.A network node comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 18 to 29.31.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 18 to 29.32.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 18 to 29.33.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 18 to 29.34.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 18 to 29.