Imaging system based on optical waveguide plate

Abstract

An imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate, comprising an optical waveguide control module and an imaging module. The optical waveguide control module comprises a display unit and an optical imaging unit. The display unit is connected to the imaging module. The display unit is used for generating a light source image, receiving signals from the imaging module and converting the signals into an initial image source. The optical imaging unit comprises an optical waveguide plate. The optical waveguide plate is used for receiving and processing the initial image source, and forming a medium-free holographic aerial image via optical total internal reflection. The optical waveguide plate comprises a glass substrate (4) having an air surface and a reflective surface, metal film layers (2, 3), and a magnetic material film layer (1). By means of optical-path recording within the optical waveguide plate, three-dimensional optical field modeling, and user position detection, the pixel light intensity and the light-ray exit angle are dynamically adjusted, thereby eliminating imaging differences across different observation positions and improving multi-view consistency.

Description

An imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical imaging technology, and more specifically, to an imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate. Background Technology

[0002] An optical waveguide is an optical guiding element, usually made of optical materials. It has microstructures or specific channels inside, which can guide the input light signal to a specified spatial position through total internal reflection or a specific reflection path, thereby achieving spatial distribution control of the light field. Medium-free holographic floating imaging is a display technology that uses optical structures to make the image detach from the physical screen and float directly in the air. It does not rely on any physical medium to carry the image, but forms a visible three-dimensional virtual image in real space through special optical path design or light field reconstruction principle.

[0003] During the process of dielectric-free holographic floating imaging using an optical waveguide plate, due to the difference in the path of light propagation, observers at different spatial locations will have angular deviations when observing the same image, resulting in significant differences in the consistency of the observed content. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate. By recording the optical path within the optical waveguide plate, modeling the three-dimensional optical field, and detecting the user's position, the system dynamically adjusts the pixel light intensity and the light emission angle to eliminate imaging differences at different observation positions, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate, comprising: an optical waveguide control module and an imaging module; the optical waveguide control module includes a display unit and an optical imaging unit, wherein the display unit is connected to the imaging module; the display unit is used to generate a light source image, receive signals from the imaging module and convert them into an initial image source; the optical imaging unit includes an optical waveguide plate;

[0006] The imaging module includes an image optimization module, an optical path transmission module, a spatial modeling module, a parallax detection module, a dynamic correction module, a consistency evaluation module, and an adaptive output module.

[0007] The image optimization module is used to acquire image signals, convert them into two-dimensional light source images, and then optimize them using image preprocessing algorithms.

[0008] The optical path transmission module is used to input the optimized light source image into the optical waveguide plate through the display unit, and record the light propagation path of each channel in the optical waveguide plate to form a preliminary floating imaging light field;

[0009] The spatial modeling module establishes a three-dimensional light field model based on a spatial reconstruction algorithm and records the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax.

[0010] The parallax detection module detects the spatial position of each user based on the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax, calculates the parallax error at each position, and forms an error data set.

[0011] The dynamic correction module adjusts the light intensity and emission direction of the image pixels in the display unit based on the consistency of observations at different locations according to the error data set, and obtains the adjusted image.

[0012] The consistency evaluation module evaluates the consistency of the image from each viewpoint based on the adjusted image and generates feedback parameters for adjusting the light source image, which are used to control the output of the display unit.

[0013] The adaptive output module outputs a consistent floating image with parallax adaptive compensation based on the feedback parameters.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the image preprocessing algorithm includes grayscale correction, sharpness enhancement, and edge enhancement;

[0015] The grayscale correction includes using a nonlinear grayscale mapping function f g The grayscale value at each pixel location (x, y) is adjusted to achieve a uniform grayscale distribution in the image; this is achieved through I... g (x, y) represents the pixel gray level at (x, y) after gray level correction;

[0016] Among them I ori (x, y) represents the pixel gray value located at the coordinate position (x, y) in the two-dimensional plane of the original image; These are nonlinear correction parameters;

[0017] The sharpness enhancement employs a second-order Laplacian operator. The sharpening algorithm performs spatial sharpening processing on the grayscale of each pixel; I is proposed. s (x,y) represents the pixel gray level at position (x,y) in the image after sharpening;

[0018] Where k s This is the sharpness enhancement factor, which controls the strength of the sharpening effect.

[0019] The second spatial derivative of the image grayscale;

[0020] The edge enhancement is based on a nonlinear edge enhancement operator (Edge(·)); through I opt(x, y) represents the pixel grayscale at position (x, y) in the final optimized image after all preprocessing; opt (x,y)=I s (x,y)+k e ·Edge[I s [(x,y)];

[0021] Where Edge[·] represents a nonlinear edge detection function; k e This represents the edge reinforcement strength coefficient.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, after the image has undergone optimization processing using an image preprocessing algorithm, the two-dimensional optimized image I... opt (x, y) will enter the optical waveguide plate through the display unit and undergo multiple reflections to form the preliminary optical field structure required for levitation imaging; the light propagation path data in each channel of the preliminary optical field structure will be recorded to describe the levitation optical field structure; through L i Let represent the total propagation path length of the i-th ray after passing through the optical waveguide plate;

[0023] Where N i d represents the number of reflections the i-th ray undergoes in the microchannel of the optical waveguide; i,n θ represents the geometric dimensions of the channel through which the i-th ray passes after the nth reflection; i,n α represents the spatial angle at which the i-th ray exits after the nth reflection; α is the light energy attenuation coefficient of the microchannel material.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the step of establishing a three-dimensional light field model based on a spatial reconstruction algorithm and recording the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax includes: constructing a three-dimensional light field model F3D(x,y,z) using a spatial reconstruction algorithm based on the obtained preliminary light field structure; the spatial reconstruction algorithm includes the NeRF light field reconstruction method based on ray tracing or neural networks; and based on L... i In this process, the three-dimensional spatial light field reconstruction function Ψ is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial light field;

[0025] Where α i The weighting coefficient represents the contribution of each ray to the overall three-dimensional light field; K is the total number of rays recorded in the optical waveguide.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the imaging module establishes a three-dimensional light field model based on the spatial modeling module. The parallax detection module acquires the coordinates of each observer in space in real time. A position sensor measures the three-dimensional spatial position of each user to determine the observation angle for each observer. Error detection is performed on the coordinates of each observer in space, calculating the difference between the actual image light intensity and the ideal image light intensity at each location in space, and defining this as spatial parallax error. Through D... j (u,v,w) calculates the degree of visual difference between the actual 3D floating image seen by the j-th user at the spatial location point (u,v,w) and the ideal image;

[0027] Where G represents the spatial range of the floating image actually viewed by the j-th user; 实 The actual three-dimensional light intensity distribution in the current spatial imaging is represented by (u′, v′, w′); G 目标 (u′, v′, w′) represents the light intensity distribution of the target's spatial floating imaging under ideal parallax-free conditions; Z j (u′,v′,w′) is the spatial sensitivity weighting function; (u′,v′,w′) is the three-dimensional spatial coordinate position.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the dynamic correction module performs pixel-level correction based on the overall spatial parallax error of each user's location, adjusting the angle and intensity of light emitted from each pixel of the image so that users in different locations see a consistent floating image.

[0029] Where P 调节 (m,n) represents the light intensity output of the (m,n)-th pixel after dynamic parallax correction; P 基础 (m,n) represents the basic pixel light intensity emitted by the display unit before parallax adjustment; This indicates a multiplication operation performed on K observation users; m and n represent the pixel coordinates of the two-dimensional image, respectively; η j (m,n) represents the disparity correction weight coefficient for the j-th user at the (m,n)-th pixel; ρ j Let D be the spatial parallax error value for the j-th user; j Let δ be the spatial distance between the center of the j-th user's gaze and the current pixel; j (m,n) represents the sensitivity of the position change of the j-th user to the light intensity output of pixel (m,n);

[0030] The consistency evaluation module evaluates the consistency of the dynamically corrected floating image under multiple user perspectives; K(α,β) is constructed to represent the quantitative value of the difference in image consistency when the observer observes from different spatial positions, using α and β to represent the horizontal and vertical azimuth angles of the observer's line of sight.

[0031] Among them G 参考 (u,v) represents the standard image light intensity at an ideal reference viewpoint; Q 频谱 (ρ, θ) is the spatial spectrum weighting function; T(α, β) is the spatial observation area under different observation angles;

[0032] This represents the actual distribution of the image in the spatial spectral domain after dynamic parallax correction. ρ represents the spatial spectral distribution of the reference image under ideal conditions, and τ represents the spectral spatial coordinates. τ is used to represent the vertical spectral axis of the standard reference image spectrum.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, based on the quantified value of the degree of consistency difference calculated by the consistency evaluation module from multiple user perspectives, the consistency evaluation module generates feedback adjustment parameters for controlling the pixel output of the display unit.

[0034] Where Y 反馈 (m, n) are the feedback adjustment parameters for pixels (m, n); D 频谱差 (ρ, θ; m, n) represents the degree of difference between pixel (m, n) and the ideal situation in the spatial spectral domain; (ρ, θ) represents the polar coordinates in the spectral domain; R max Q represents the radius maximum of the spatial spectrum analysis. 调整因子 (ρ, θ; m, n) represents the adjustment weight factor for pixel (m, n), and the importance of the difference at position (ρ, θ) to the final display adjustment decision; 2π is the complete angular range covered by the integral in the angular dimension of the spatial spectrum domain;

[0035] According to the generated Y 反馈 (m, n), the imaging module controls the light emission state of each pixel in the display unit and outputs a consistent floating image; T is proposed. 输出 (m, n) represents the complex light field representation of the disparity-compensated floating image at the final output of the (m, n)th pixel; T 输出 (m, n) = P 调节 (m, n)·exp[-j·(η) m，n +Y 反馈 (m, n)·δ m，n )];

[0036] Where P调节 (m, n) represents the pixel light intensity determined after parallax correction; Y 反馈 (m,n) represents the display adjustment parameters for feedback; j is the imaginary unit; η m，n Y is the initial setting value for the fundamental phase of the (m, n)th pixel; 反馈 (m,n) represents the fine-tuning phase control parameter for the (m,n)th pixel based on disparity assessment feedback; δ m，n Let be the sensitivity coefficient for phase adjustment of the (m, n)th pixel.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the optical waveguide plate is used to receive and process an initial light source image and form a medium-free holographic floating image through optical total internal reflection; the optical waveguide plate includes a glass substrate containing an air surface and a reflective surface, a second metal film layer, a magnetic material film layer, a first metal film layer, and a filter layer; the included angle between adjacent layers of the glass substrate containing the air surface and the reflective surface, the second metal film layer, the magnetic material film layer, the first metal film layer, and the filter layer is 35-55 degrees.

[0038] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0039] 1. By recording the optical path within the optical waveguide plate, modeling the three-dimensional optical field, and detecting the user's position, the pixel light intensity and the light emission angle are dynamically adjusted to eliminate imaging differences at different observation positions and improve the consistency of multiple viewing angles;

[0040] 2. Employ preprocessing algorithms such as grayscale correction, sharpness enhancement, and edge strengthening to improve the clarity of the input image, reduce attenuation and noise during optical transmission, and enhance the stability of the final floating image;

[0041] 3. By monitoring the user's position in real time, calculating parallax error, and dynamically adjusting pixel light intensity and direction, we ensure that the image is consistent when different users observe from different angles, thus improving adaptability;

[0042] 4. Spatial spectrum analysis is used to evaluate imaging consistency, and the light source output is optimized based on feedback parameters, enabling the system to adaptively adjust and improve the visual accuracy and dynamic adaptability of the floating image;

[0043] 5. By recording the light propagation path, the structural errors of the microchannel in the optical waveguide plate are compensated, reducing the impact of manufacturing deviations on imaging quality. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system modules of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical waveguide plate structure of the present invention;

[0046] Legend: 1. Magnetic material film; 2. First metal film; 3. Second metal film; 4. Glass substrate; 5. Filter layer. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Referring to Figures 1 and 2 in the specification, an embodiment of the imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to the present invention includes: an optical waveguide control module and an imaging module; the optical waveguide control module includes a display unit and an optical imaging unit, the display unit being connected to the imaging module; the display unit is used to generate a light source image, receive signals from the imaging module, and convert them into an initial image source;

[0049] The optical imaging unit includes an optical waveguide plate, which is used to receive and process the initial light source image and form a medium-free holographic floating image through optical total internal reflection. The optical waveguide plate includes a glass substrate 4 containing an air surface and a reflective surface, a second metal film layer 3, a magnetic material film layer 1, a first metal film layer 2, and a filter layer 5. The included angle between adjacent layers of the glass substrate 4 containing the air surface and the reflective surface, the second metal film layer 3, the magnetic material film layer 1, the first metal film layer 2, and the filter layer 5 is 35-55 degrees.

[0050] The angle between two adjacent layers refers to the reflection / refractive angle formed between light and each functional layer or interface during the propagation of light inside the optical waveguide plate. The "angle" referred to here is not the geometric stacking angle between film layers, but the propagation angle of light, similar to the "optical path design angle" in existing technology. It affects the optical path length, the amount of stray light, and the image clarity and consistency.

[0051] The reason for choosing an angle of 35-55 degrees is to ensure that the light rays pass through the original glass plate (refractive index n≈1.5, where n refers to the refractive index n) in the optical waveguide. 高 ) and air (refractive index n≈1.0, where n refers to n in the formula) 低 The theoretical critical angle for stable total internal reflection between ( ) is approximately 41.8°, derived from the formula:

[0052] Where arcsin is the arcsine function; θ c The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence required for total internal reflection when light travels from a high-refractive-index material to a low-refractive-index material; it is the angle between the ray and the normal.

[0053] If any reflection path exists with an angle lower than 41.8°, light will partially penetrate and be transmitted, resulting in light loss, stray light, and imaging failure. The purpose of choosing 35° as the lower limit of the included angle is not to allow light to directly enter at this angle, but to consider the range of incident angle adjustment brought about by the geometric tilt angle of the interlayer arrangement. In complex multilayer structures, the offset angle of the actual reflection path of light will fluctuate by 5° to 10° due to microstructure disturbances and material inhomogeneity.

[0054] If the included angle is designed to be 35°, then in the reflection geometry, the actual reflection angle can be guaranteed to be close to or higher than the critical angle. Even if there are microscopic defects or errors in the material, the total reflection condition will still be met.

[0055] Therefore, 35° represents a "safe lower limit" angle design redundancy range within the material's refractive index range, while avoiding light leakage problems caused by process fluctuations.

[0056] In applications with a 55-degree angle, as the angle increases, the incident angle of light between the film layers also increases. Although total internal reflection is easier to achieve, it brings three negative effects:

[0057] The longer the optical path, the more geometrically the light will travel in the waveguide, increasing light energy attenuation and delay.

[0058] Excessive reflections: A longer path means that the number of reflections required for a single pixel to form an image increases, leading to increased stray light, ghosting, and interference waves.

[0059] Limited spatial emission angle: At extreme angles, the emission direction is more concentrated at the waveguide boundary, which can easily lead to poor imaging concentration and narrowing of the viewing angle. Especially in multi-view floating imaging, parallax inconsistency will occur.

[0060] According to the principles of geometric optics and the theory of multilayer reflection, when the included angle is close to or exceeds 55°, the reflection path of light in the optical waveguide plate is lengthened, resulting in an increase in the number of reflections. This can easily cause stray light interference and concentration of the outgoing direction, thereby reducing imaging stability and multi-view consistency.

[0061] Therefore, 55° was chosen as the upper limit, which means that the optical waveguide structure can maintain relatively low loss, multi-view consistency and control of stray light physical angle under the current glass refractive index and reflective film reflectivity.

[0062] In summary, the 35°-55° angle range is a structural design range determined by comprehensively considering multiple factors such as material refractive index, critical conditions for total internal reflection, optical path stability, reflection count control, and consistency of floating images. It is also theoretical data that can be derived based on common knowledge. Among them, 35° is used to ensure the lower limit of safety redundancy for total internal reflection, and 55° is used to control the feasible upper limit of reflection diffusion and stray light interference, which has clear physical basis and engineering feasibility.

[0063] The imaging module includes an image optimization module, an optical path transmission module, a spatial modeling module, a parallax detection module, a dynamic correction module, a consistency evaluation module, and an adaptive output module.

[0064] The image optimization module acquires the image signal, converts it into a two-dimensional light source image, and then optimizes it using image preprocessing algorithms. The image preprocessing algorithms include grayscale correction, sharpness enhancement, and edge enhancement.

[0065] The optical path transmission module is used to input the optimized light source image into the optical waveguide plate through the display unit, and record the light propagation path of each channel in the optical waveguide plate to form a preliminary floating imaging light field;

[0066] The spatial modeling module establishes a three-dimensional light field model based on a spatial reconstruction algorithm and records the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax.

[0067] The parallax detection module detects the spatial position of each user based on the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax, calculates the parallax error at each position, and forms an error data set.

[0068] The dynamic correction module adjusts the light intensity and emission direction of the image pixels in the display unit based on the consistency of observations at different locations according to the error data set, and obtains the adjusted image.

[0069] The consistency evaluation module evaluates the consistency of the image from each viewpoint based on the adjusted image and generates feedback parameters for adjusting the light source image, which are used to control the output of the display unit.

[0070] The adaptive output module outputs a consistent floating image with parallax adaptive compensation based on the feedback parameters.

[0071] The image preprocessing algorithm includes grayscale correction, sharpness enhancement, and edge enhancement;

[0072] The grayscale correction includes using a nonlinear grayscale mapping function f g The grayscale value at each pixel location (x, y) is adjusted to achieve a uniform grayscale distribution in the image; this is achieved through I... g (x,y) represents the pixel gray level at (x,y) after gray level correction;

[0073] Among them I ori (x, y) represents the coordinate position of the original image in the two-dimensional plane of the image.

[0074] The pixel grayscale value at (x,y); This is a non-linear correction parameter, with a value ranging from 0.4 to 2.5. By selecting different gamma values, the gray-level distribution in different regions of the image can be balanced.

[0075] The sharpness enhancement employs a second-order Laplacian operator. The sharpening algorithm performs spatial sharpening processing on the grayscale of each pixel; I is proposed. s (x,y) represents the pixel gray level at position (x,y) in the image after sharpening;

[0076] Where k s This is the sharpness enhancement factor, which controls the strength of the sharpening effect.

[0077] The second spatial derivative of the image grayscale is used to locate image detail and texture feature regions.

[0078] The edge enhancement is based on a nonlinear edge enhancement operator (Edge(·)); through I opt (x, y) represents the pixel grayscale at position (x, y) in the final optimized image after all preprocessing; opt (x, y) = I s (x, y) + k e ·Edge[I s [(x, y)];

[0079] Where Edge[·] represents a nonlinear edge detection function, which can be calculated using Canny or Sobel operators; k e The edge enhancement strength coefficient is used to determine the degree of edge enhancement effect.

[0080] After the image is optimized by the image preprocessing algorithm, the two-dimensional optimized image I opt (x, y) will enter the optical waveguide plate through the display unit and undergo multiple reflections to form the preliminary optical field structure required for levitation imaging. Since the optical waveguide plate contains a large number of parallel microchannel structures, slight differences in the manufacturing process precision of each microchannel will affect the light transmission path. The light propagation path data within each microchannel of the preliminary optical field structure are recorded to describe the levitation optical field structure. Through L... i Let represent the total propagation path length of the i-th ray after passing through the optical waveguide plate;

[0081] Where N i d represents the number of reflections the i-th ray undergoes in the microchannel of the optical waveguide; i,n θ represents the geometric dimensions of the microchannel through which the i-th ray passes after the nth reflection; i,n α represents the spatial angle at which the i-th ray exits after the nth reflection; α is the light energy attenuation coefficient of the microchannel material, which is used to represent the intensity loss of light after reflection.

[0082] The process of establishing a three-dimensional light field model based on a spatial reconstruction algorithm and recording the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax includes: constructing a three-dimensional light field model F3D(x,y,z) using a spatial reconstruction algorithm based on the obtained preliminary light field structure. 3D (x, y, z) represents the light field intensity at the three-dimensional spatial coordinates (x, y, z); spatial reconstruction algorithms include NeRF light field reconstruction methods based on ray tracing or neural networks; based on L... i In this process, the three-dimensional spatial light field reconstruction function Ψ is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial light field;

[0083] The three-dimensional spatial light field reconstruction function Ψ[·] is obtained through neural network training or multi-view ray tracing; α i The weighting coefficient represents the contribution of each ray to the overall three-dimensional light field; K is the total number of rays recorded in the optical waveguide.

[0084] The imaging module establishes a three-dimensional light field model based on the spatial modeling module. The parallax detection module acquires the coordinates of each observer in space in real time. Position sensors, including but not limited to infrared stereo cameras or depth sensors, measure the three-dimensional spatial position of each user to determine the observation angle of each observer. Error detection is performed on the coordinates of each observer in space, calculating the difference between the actual image light intensity and the ideal image light intensity at each location in space, defining this as spatial parallax error. A D... j (u, v, w) represents the overall spatial disparity error of the j-th user's location, expressed as D. j (u, v, w) calculates the degree of visual difference between the actual 3D floating image seen by the j-th user at the spatial location point (u, v, w) and the ideal image;

[0085] Where G represents the spatial range of the floating image actually viewed by the j-th user; 实际 (u′, v′, w′) represents the three-dimensional light intensity distribution in the current actual spatial imaging; G 目标(u′,v′,w′) represents the light intensity distribution of the target's spatial floating imaging under ideal parallax-free conditions; Z j (u′,v′,w′) is the spatial sensitivity weighting function, which reflects the degree of influence of position (u′,v′,w′) on the parallax error of the j-th user. The more sensitive the position, the higher its value. (u′,v′,w′) is the spatial three-dimensional coordinate position, which corresponds to the relative position of the display device.

[0086] The dynamic correction module performs pixel-level correction based on the overall spatial parallax error of each user's location, adjusting the angle and intensity of light emitted from each pixel of the image so that users in different locations see a consistent floating image.

[0087] Where P 调节 (m, n) represents the light intensity output of the (m, n)th pixel after dynamic parallax correction; P 基础 (m, n) represents the basic pixel light intensity emitted by the display unit before parallax adjustment; Π is the multiplication operation, which is used to emphasize the comprehensive correction effect in multi-user situations;

[0088] This indicates a multiplication operation performed on K observation users; m and n represent the pixel coordinates of the two-dimensional image, respectively; η j (m,n) represents the disparity correction weight coefficient for the j-th user at the (m,n)-th pixel, indicating the degree of influence of the user's position on pixel adjustment; ρ j Let D be the spatial parallax error value for the j-th user; j Let δ be the spatial distance between the center of the j-th user's gaze and the current pixel; j (m,n) represents the sensitivity of the position change of the j-th user to the light intensity output of pixel (m,n);

[0089] The consistency evaluation module evaluates the consistency of the dynamically corrected floating image under multiple user perspectives; K(α,β) is constructed to represent the quantitative value of the difference in image consistency when the observer observes from different spatial positions, using α and β to represent the horizontal and vertical azimuth angles of the observer's line of sight.

[0090] Among them G 参考 (u,v) represents the standard image light intensity at an ideal reference viewpoint; Q 频谱 (ρ,θ) is the spatial spectrum weighting function, which is used to represent the degree of influence of spectral features on visual consistency; T(α,β) is the spatial observation area under different viewing angles; This represents the actual distribution of the image after dynamic parallax correction in the spatial frequency domain, where ρ and σ are the spatial frequency coordinates in the frequency domain. The ideal spatial spectral distribution of the reference image is represented by ρ and τ, which are the spectral spatial coordinates. τ is used to represent the vertical spectral axis of the standard reference image spectrum to avoid conflict with the aforementioned parameters. T represents the entire field of view involved in evaluating image consistency. In the formula K(α,β), the numerator represents the difference in spectral distribution of the adjusted image under different viewing angles, and the denominator is the benchmark normalization factor, which is the spatial light intensity integral of the ideal image. The above formula is used to evaluate the consistency quality of the floating image under each user's viewpoint and to provide feedback on consistency evaluation data.

[0091] Based on the quantified value of the degree of consistency difference calculated by the consistency evaluation module from multiple user perspectives, the consistency evaluation module generates feedback adjustment parameters for controlling the pixel output of the display unit.

[0092] Where Y 反馈 (m,n) are the feedback adjustment parameters for pixels (m,n); D 频谱差 (ρ, θ; m, n) represents the degree of difference between pixel (m, n) and the ideal situation in the spatial spectral domain; (ρ, θ) represents the polar coordinates in the spectral domain; R max Q represents the radius maximum of the spatial spectrum analysis, which signifies the spectrum evaluation range; 调整因子 (ρ,θ;m,n) represents the adjustment weight factor for pixel (m,n), and the importance of the difference in position (ρ,θ) to the final display adjustment decision; 2π is the complete angular range covered by the integral in the angular dimension of the spatial spectrum domain; the above formula realizes the comprehensive evaluation of errors in different frequency ranges through integration, obtains the adjustment feedback data set, and guides the next output of the display unit;

[0093] According to the generated Y 反馈 (m,n), the imaging module controls the light emission state of each pixel in the display unit and outputs a consistent floating image; T is proposed. 输出 (m,n) represents the complex light field representation of the disparity-compensated floating image at the final output of the (m,n)-th pixel, reflecting the intensity and phase information of the light wave; T 输出 (m,n)=P 调节 (m,n)·exp[-j·(η m,n +Y 反馈 (m,n)·δ m,n )];

[0094] Where P 调节 (m,n) represents the pixel light intensity determined after parallax correction; Y 反馈(m,n) represents the feedback display adjustment parameters, which are used to adjust the spatial spectrum characteristics of the light waves emitted by the pixels in real time; the introduction of the exponential function in the above formula describes the phase change of the light wave; j is the imaginary unit; η m，n Y is the initial setting value for the fundamental phase of the (m, n)th pixel; 反馈 (m, n) represents the fine phase adjustment control parameter of the (m, n)th pixel based on disparity evaluation feedback; δm, n is the sensitivity coefficient of the phase adjustment of the (m, n)th pixel.

[0095] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate, comprising: An optical waveguide control module and an imaging module; the optical waveguide control module includes a display unit and an optical imaging unit, the display unit being connected to the imaging module; the display unit is used to generate a light source image, receive signals from the imaging module, and convert them into an initial image source; the optical imaging unit includes an optical waveguide plate; Its features are: The imaging module includes an image optimization module, an optical path transmission module, a spatial modeling module, a parallax detection module, a dynamic correction module, a consistency evaluation module, and an adaptive output module. The image optimization module is used to acquire image signals, convert them into two-dimensional light source images, and then optimize them using image preprocessing algorithms. The optical path transmission module is used to input the optimized light source image into the optical waveguide plate through the display unit, and record the light propagation path of each channel in the optical waveguide plate to form a preliminary floating imaging light field; The spatial modeling module establishes a three-dimensional light field model based on a spatial reconstruction algorithm and records the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax. The parallax detection module detects the spatial position of each user based on the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax, calculates the parallax error at each position, and forms an error data set. The dynamic correction module adjusts the light intensity and emission direction of the image pixels in the display unit based on the consistency of observations at different locations according to the error data set, and obtains the adjusted image. The consistency evaluation module evaluates the consistency of the image from each viewpoint based on the adjusted image and generates feedback parameters for adjusting the light source image, which are used to control the output of the display unit. The adaptive output module outputs a consistent floating image with parallax adaptive compensation based on the feedback parameters.

2. The imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image preprocessing algorithm includes grayscale correction, sharpness enhancement, and edge enhancement; The grayscale correction includes using a nonlinear grayscale mapping function f g The grayscale value at each pixel location (x, y) is adjusted to achieve a uniform grayscale distribution in the image; this is achieved through I... g (x, y) represents the pixel gray level at (x, y) after gray level correction; Among them I ori (x, y) represents the pixel gray value located at the coordinate position (x, y) in the two-dimensional plane of the original image; These are nonlinear correction parameters; The sharpness enhancement employs a second-order Laplacian operator. The sharpening algorithm performs spatial sharpening processing on the grayscale of each pixel; I is proposed. s (x, y) represents the pixel gray level at position (x, y) in the image after sharpening; Where k s This is the sharpness enhancement factor, which controls the strength of the sharpening effect. The second spatial derivative of the image grayscale; The edge enhancement is based on a nonlinear edge enhancement operator (Edge(·)); through I opt (x, y) represents the pixel gray level at position (x, y) in the final optimized image after all preprocessing is completed; I opt (x,y)=I s (xy)+k e ·Edge[I s (x,y)]; Where Edeg[·] represents a nonlinear edge detection function; k e This represents the edge reinforcement strength coefficient.

3. The imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the image is optimized by the image preprocessing algorithm, the two-dimensional optimized image I opt (x, y) will enter the optical waveguide plate through the display unit and undergo multiple reflections to form the preliminary optical field structure required for levitation imaging; the light propagation path data in each channel of the preliminary optical field structure will be recorded to describe the levitation optical field structure; through L i Let represent the total propagation path length of the i-th ray after passing through the optical waveguide plate; Where N i Let be the number of reflections experienced by the i-th ray in the microchannel of the optical waveguide plate; d i，n This represents the geometric dimensions of the channel through which the i-th ray passes after the nth reflection; θ i，n α represents the spatial angle at which the i-th ray exits after the nth reflection; α is the light energy attenuation coefficient of the microchannel material.

4. The imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of establishing a three-dimensional light field model based on a spatial reconstruction algorithm and recording the spatial distribution characteristics of parallax includes: constructing a three-dimensional light field model F3D(x,y,z) using a spatial reconstruction algorithm based on the obtained preliminary light field structure; the spatial reconstruction algorithm includes the NeRF light field reconstruction method based on ray tracing or neural networks; and based on L... i In this process, the three-dimensional spatial light field reconstruction function Ψ is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional spatial light field; Where α i The weighting coefficient represents the contribution of each ray to the overall three-dimensional light field; K is the total number of rays recorded in the optical waveguide.

5. An imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The imaging module establishes a three-dimensional light field model based on the spatial modeling module. The parallax detection module acquires the coordinates of each observer in space in real time. A position sensor measures the three-dimensional spatial position of each user to determine their viewing angle. Error detection is performed on each observer's spatial coordinates, calculating the difference between the actual image light intensity and the ideal image light intensity at each location in space, defining this as spatial parallax error. A D-squared is then proposed. j (u,v,w) represents the overall spatial disparity error of the j-th user's location, expressed as D. j (u,v,w) calculates the degree of visual difference between the actual 3D floating image seen by the j-th user at the spatial location point (u,v,w) and the ideal image; Wherein is the spatial range of the floating image actually viewed by the j-th user; G 实际 (uv,v′,w′) represents the three-dimensional light intensity distribution in the current actual spatial imaging; G 目标 (u′,v′,w′) represents the light intensity distribution of the target spatial floating imaging under ideal conditions without parallax; Z j (u′,v′,w′) is the spatial sensitivity weighting function; (u′,v′,w′) is the three-dimensional spatial coordinate position.

6. The imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dynamic correction module performs pixel-level correction based on the overall spatial parallax error of each user's location, adjusting the angle and intensity of light emitted from each pixel of the image so that users in different locations see a consistent floating image. Where P 调节 (m,n) represents the light intensity output of the (m,n)-th pixel after dynamic parallax correction; P 基础 (m,n) represents the basic pixel light intensity emitted by the display unit before parallax adjustment; This indicates a multiplication operation performed on K observation users; m and n represent the pixel coordinates of the two-dimensional image, respectively; η j (m, n) represents the disparity correction weight coefficient for the j-th user at the (m, n)-th pixel; ρ j Let j be the spatial disparity error value for the j-th user; D j Let δ be the spatial distance between the center of the j-th user's gaze and the current pixel; j (m, n) represents the sensitivity of the position change of the j-th user to the light intensity output of pixel (m, n); The consistency evaluation module evaluates the consistency of the dynamically corrected floating image under multiple user perspectives; K(α,β) is constructed to represent the quantitative value of the difference in image consistency when the observer observes from different spatial positions, using α and β to represent the horizontal and vertical azimuth angles of the observer's line of sight. Among them G 参考 (u,v) represents the standard image light intensity at an ideal reference viewpoint; Q 频谱 (ρ,θ) is the spatial spectrum weighting function; T(α,β) is the spatial observation area under different observation angles; This represents the actual distribution of the image in the spatial spectral domain after dynamic parallax correction. ρ represents the spatial spectral distribution of the reference image under ideal conditions, and τ represents the spectral spatial coordinates. τ is used to represent the vertical spectral axis of the standard reference image spectrum.

7. An imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to claim 6, characterized in that: Based on the quantified value of the degree of consistency difference calculated by the consistency evaluation module from multiple user perspectives, the consistency evaluation module generates feedback adjustment parameters for controlling the pixel output of the display unit. Where Y 反馈 (m, n) are the feedback adjustment parameters for pixel (m, n); D 频谱差 (ρ,θ;m,n) represents the degree of difference between pixel (m,n) and the ideal situation in the spatial frequency domain; (ρ, θ) are polar coordinates representing the frequency spectrum; R ma x is the radius maximum of the spatial spectrum analysis; Q 调整因子 (ρ,θ;m,n) represents the adjustment weight factor for the pixel Q spectrum (ρ,θ), and the importance of the difference at position (ρ,θ) to the final display adjustment decision; 2π is the complete angular range covered by the integral in the angular dimension of the spatial spectrum domain; According to the generated Y 反馈 (m,n), the imaging module controls the light emission state of each pixel in the display unit and outputs a consistent floating image; T is proposed. 输出 (m, n) is the complex light field representation of the disparity-compensated floating image of the (m, n)th pixel in the final output; T 输出 (m,n)=P 调节 (m,n)·exp[-j·(η m，n +Y 反馈 (m,n)·δ m，n )]; Where P 调节 (m, n) represents the pixel light intensity determined after parallax correction; Y 反馈 (m, n) represent the feedback display adjustment parameters; j is the imaginary unit; η (m，n) Y is the initial setting value for the fundamental phase of the (m, n)th pixel; 反馈 (m, n) represents the fine-tuning phase adjustment control parameter for the (m, n)th pixel based on disparity assessment feedback; δ (m，n) Let be the sensitivity coefficient for phase adjustment of the (m, n)th pixel.

8. An imaging system based on an optical waveguide plate according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The optical waveguide plate is used to receive and process the initial light source image and form a medium-free holographic floating image through optical total internal reflection; the optical waveguide plate includes a glass plate (4) containing an air surface and a reflective surface, a second metal film layer (3), a magnetic material film layer (1), a first metal film layer (2) and a filter layer (5); the included angle between adjacent layers of the glass plate (4) containing an air surface and a reflective surface, the second metal film layer (3), the magnetic material film layer (1), the first metal film layer (2) and the filter layer (5) is 35-55 degrees.

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