Communication methods and related products
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/146205
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-26
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2025146205_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHODS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to PCT patent application No. PCT / CN2025 / 085149 filed on March 26, 2025, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication technologies, and more particularly to communication methods and related products.BACKGROUND
[0003] Non-primary channel access (NPCA) is a mechanism introduced in 802.11bn / ultra-high reliability (UHR) to utilize a non-primary channel (NPCH) while a primary channel (PCH) is busy. The NPCH may be referred to as the secondary channel or unused channel. In the NPCA mechanism, in a case where the PCH is busy due to an overlapping basic service set (OBSS) or other interferences, an access point (AP) and a station (STA) may switch to the NPCH and contend for channel access on the NPCH. When accessing the NPCH, the AP and STA may exchange data on the NPCH.
[0004] When accessing the NPCH and there is another OBSS (e.g. OBSS2) on the NPCH, the STA may detect OBSS2 but the AP may not detect OBSS2 sometimes. In other words, OBSS2 is hidden from the AP, or it may be considered that the NPCH at the STA is busy while the NPCH at the AP is idle. Inconsistent detection on the channel condition of the NPCH by the AP and the STA may lead to some issues. For example, although the AP and the STA switch to the NPCH, the STA may fail to access the AP on the NPCH since the STA detects OBSS2. Therefore, the STA may not benefit from switching to the NPCH.SUMMARY
[0005] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide communication methods and apparatuses to improve the communication performance of a communication system.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a first device, for example, a first device, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a first device, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a first device.
[0007] For example, the method is performed at the first device, and the method includes: switching from a first non-primary channel (NPCH) to a primary channel (PCH) before a first overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the PCH expires; and transmitting, on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH.
[0008] In such case, the first device may inform another device (e.g., a second device) of the information related to the NPCH at the first device (i.e. NPCH from the perspective of the first device) . The information related to the NPCH at the first device includes a failure of accessing the first NPCH. In this way, the second device may know that the first device fails to access the first NPCH due to some reasons, and the second device may obtain more information or more accurate information about the NPCH, which may help the second device for further processing and may improve the communication performance between the first device and the second device.
[0009] In some embodiments, before switching from the first NPCH to the PCH, the method further includes: detecting the first OBSS on the PCH; and switching from the PCH to the first NPCH. In this case, the PCH is busy, and the first device may switch to the first NPCH so that the first device may communicate with other device (s) such as the second device on the first NPCH.
[0010] In some embodiments, the first frame is transmitted in a case where the first device detects that the first NPCH is busy. In this case, the first device may fail to access the first NPCH since the first NPCH is busy, and the first device may inform the second device of the failure of accessing the first NPCH.
[0011] In some embodiments, the first frame is transmitted in a case where a first condition is satisfied, and the first condition includes at least one of: a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a first threshold; a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a second threshold; or a channel load of the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a third threshold.
[0012] In these embodiments, the first condition may reflect the degradation of the first NPCH. Since the first frame is transmitted in the case where the first condition is satisfied, i.e. the first frame is transmitted after the degradation of the first NPCH reaches a degree (rather than immediately upon the first device failing to access the first NPCH) , the first frame may not be transmitted frequently, thereby reducing the signaling overhead.
[0013] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold. In this case, the first device may obtain information about the first condition from another device.
[0014] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first frame, the method further includes: transmitting a frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied; and receiving a request for the first frame, where the first frame is transmitted in response to the request for the first frame.
[0015] In these embodiments, the first device may receive this request and may transmit the first frame in response to the request. On the other hand, the first device may not transmit the first frame if the first device does not receive this request from. In this case, the first frame may be transmitted according to the demand of another device such as the second device, thereby improving the flexibility of the communication system.
[0016] In some embodiments, the method further includes disabling a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode in a case where the first condition is satisfied. In this case, the first device may disable its NPCA mode after the condition of the first NPCH degrades. In this way, the first device may avoid switching back and forth between the PCH and the first NPCH, thereby reducing power consumption of the first device.
[0017] In some embodiments, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled; a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.
[0018] In the case where the first frame includes the subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled, the first device may inform of the second device the status of first device’s NPCA mode. The second device may decide the way to communicate with the first device accordingly, thereby improving the communication performance between the first device and the second device.
[0019] In the case where the first frame includes the subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, the second device may know the degree of the degradation of the first NPCH, which may help the second device to make further decisions.
[0020] In the case where the first frame includes the subfield indicating the duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, the second device may know the frequency of the failures for the first device to access the first device, so that the second device may know the degree of the degradation of the first NPCH, which may help the second device to make further decisions.
[0021] In the case where the first frame includes the subfield indicating the channel load information of the first NPCH, the second device may also know the degree of the degradation of the first NPCH, which may help the second device to make further decisions.
[0022] In some embodiments, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating OBSS received signal strength indicator (RSSI) statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0023] Upon receiving the NPCH feedback report element via the first frame, the second device may be aware of information (e.g., the BSS color, the OBSS bitmap, or the OBSS RSSI statistics) about the OBSS detected on the first NPCH by the first device, which may facilitate subsequent decision-making (e.g., switching to another NPCH) by the second device and improve communication efficiency.
[0024] In some embodiments, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; or a subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the first device to switch to.
[0025] In the case where the NPCH channel switch request element includes the subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not, the second device may switch the NPCH accordingly, and may improve the communication performance between the first device and the second device.
[0026] In the case where the NPCH channel switch request element includes the subfield indicating the plurality of NPCHs for the first device to switch to, the first device may provide the second device with NPCHs having better channel condition, which may be helpful for the first device and the second device to switch to a better NPCH.
[0027] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving a frame indicating the first device to update to a second NPCH; and switching to the second NPCH. In this case, the first device may switch to the second NPCH which may have a better channel condition, and the first device may communicate with the second device on a better channel, thereby improving the communication performance between the first device and the second device.
[0028] In some embodiments, the first frame is an acknowledgement frame. The method further includes: receiving a downlink physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) . The transmitting a first frame includes: transmitting the first frame responsive to the downlink PPDU.
[0029] In this case, the first device uses the acknowledgement frame as the first frame without requiring additional signaling, thereby reducing signaling overhead and improving communication efficiency.
[0030] In some embodiments, the first frame includes a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of: a channel load of the first NPCH; at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to;a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0031] In this case, the first device may indicate information about the NPCA (e.g., the first NPCH) to the AP via the first frame, which may further reduce signaling overhead and improve the communication flexibility.
[0032] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a second device, for example, a second device, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a second device, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a second device.
[0033] For example, the method is performed at the second device, and the method includes: switching from a first non-primary channel (NPCH) to a primary channel (PCH) before a first overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the PCH expires; and receiving, on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH.
[0034] In some embodiments, before switching from the first NPCH to the primary channel PCH, the method further includes: detecting the first OBSS on the PCH; and switching from the PCH to the first NPCH.
[0035] In some embodiments, before receiving the first frame, the method further includes: receiving a frame indicating that a first condition is satisfied, where the first condition includes at least one of: a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a first threshold; a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a second threshold; or a channel load of the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a third threshold.
[0036] In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold.
[0037] In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting a request for the first frame.
[0038] In some embodiments, the method further includes disabling a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode.
[0039] In some embodiments, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled; a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.
[0040] In some embodiments, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0041] In some embodiments, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; or a subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the second device to switch to.
[0042] In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting a frame indicating one or more first devices to update to a second NPCH; and switching to the second NPCH.
[0043] In some embodiments, the first frame is an acknowledgement frame. The method further includes: transmitting a downlink PPDU. The receiving a first frame includes: receiving the first frame responsive to the downlink PPDU.
[0044] In some embodiments, the first frame includes a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of: a channel load of the first NPCH; at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to;a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0045] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0046] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0047] According to a fifth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0048] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0049] The communication apparatus may be an initiator, a module in an initiator or a chip responsible for a communication function in an initiator, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0050] According to a sixth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0051] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0052] The communication apparatus may be a responder, a module in a responder or a chip responsible for a communication function in a responder, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0053] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, the communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0054] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0055] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0056] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0057] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, as well as other aspects and further features thereof, reference is made to the following description which is to be used in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0058] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an example NPCA mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0060] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a scenario where an AP and a STA experiencing different OBSSs on a NPCH according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0061] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of example OBSSs detected by an AP and a STA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a scenario where OBSS occurs frequently on a PCH and a NPCH according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an example device interaction diagram of a method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0064] FIGS 7A to 7D are schematic illustrations of examples in which the first NPCH is occupied with the second OBSS according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0065] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of still another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of yet still another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a general format of an Action frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0070] FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an example frame format of the UHR Action frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0071] FIG. 14A is a schematic illustration of subfields in the NPCH Feedback Report Element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0072] FIG. 14B is another schematic illustration of subfields in the NPCH Feedback Report Element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0073] FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of subfields in the NPCH Channel Switch Request Element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0074] FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of an example format of the BA frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0075] FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of an NPCA element of the Beacon frame according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0076] FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of yet still another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of a Feedback User information (Info) field according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0078] FIGS. 20A to 20C illustrate three example formats of the Feedback Information field according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0079] FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0080] FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of another block diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0081] The following describes embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings in embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following description, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used are shown by the accompanying drawings.
[0082] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, where embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to. The communication system 100 may be a wireless local area network (WLAN) , e.g. a wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, a Wi-Fi internet of things (IoT) system. The WLAN may include one or more basic service sets (BSS) , where a BSS may include an access point (AP) station (STA) and one or more non-AP STAs connected wirelessly with the AP STA. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the AP STA may be referred to as the AP for simplicity, and the non-AP STA may be referred to as the STA for simplicity. For example, the communication system 100 includes an AP 110, one or more STAs 120a, 120b, 120c (collectively referred to as STA 120) . The AP 110 may communicate with one or more STAs 120 on the downlink and uplink. The downlink is the communication link from the AP 110 to the STAs 120, and the uplink is the communication link from the STAs 120 to the AP 110. A STA 120 also may communicate peer-to-peer with another STA 120.
[0083] It is noted that the WLAN systems above are illustrative rather than restrictive and other WLAN systems may also be suitable to one or more embodiments of the disclosure; the BSS mentioned above is illustrative rather than restrictive and other improved or extended BSS may also be suitable to one or more embodiments of the disclosure; and the number of the STAs 120 and the connection manner among the STAs 120 are illustrative rather than restrictive and more or less STAs 120 may be included in the communication system 100 and the connection manner among STAs 120 may change with the practical usages.
[0084] The WLAN may utilize a series of institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocols, e.g. the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be / extremely-high throughput (EHT) / Wi-Fi 7 protocol, the 802.11bn / ultra-high reliability (UHR) / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, IEEE integrated millimeter wave (IMMW) , IEEE 802.15 / ultra-wideband (UWB) , the 802.11bf / sensing protocol, or a next-generation or future protocol. The WLAN may utilize spark link / near link protocol. The protocols are not limited thereto.
[0085] The communication system 100 may also be or may be applied to an IoT system, vehicle to everything (V2X, X may represent anything) system, device to device (D2D) system, narrowband NB-IoT system, Ambient IoT system, long term evolution (LTE) systems, the fifth generation (5G) communication system, or other communication systems in future. For example, the V2X system may include vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.
[0086] The AP is a device with wireless communication capabilities, supporting communication using WLAN protocols and having the ability to communicate with other devices (such as STAs or other APs) in the WLAN. In the WLAN, the AP may be a complete device or a chip or processing system installed in a complete device. Devices equipped with these chips or processing systems can implement methods and functions of the embodiments of the present disclosure under the control of the chips or processing systems. The AP in the embodiments of the present disclosure is a device that provides services for STAs and supports WLAN protocols. For example, the AP may be a communication server, router, switch, bridge, or other communication entity. The AP may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, etc. The AP may also be the chip and processing system in these various forms of devices to implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0087] The STA is a device with wireless communication capabilities, supporting communication using WLAN protocols and having the ability to communicate with other STAs or APs in the WLAN. In the WLAN, the STA is any user communication device that allows users to communicate with the AP and thereby communicate with the WLAN. The STA may be a complete device or a chip or processing system installed in a complete device. Devices equipped with these chips or processing systems can implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present disclosure under the control of the chips or processing systems. For example, the STA may be a tablet computer, desktop, laptop, notebook computer, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC) , handheld computer, netbook, personal digital assistant (PDA) , mobile phone, or other network-connected user device, or an IoT node in an IoT, or a vehicle communication device in a vehicular network, or an entertainment, gaming device or system, global positioning system device, etc. The STA may also be the chip and processing system in the above-mentioned terminal.
[0088] To facilitate an understanding of solutions in embodiments of the present disclosure, the terms will be briefly introduced as follows. 1. Channel
[0089] The channel refers to a frequency band or range used to transmit data in wireless communications. Channels are basic resources of wireless communications. Different channels are isolated from each other on the spectrum to avoid interference between signals. A channel is usually identified by its central frequency. 2. Primary Channel (PCH)
[0090] In wireless communications, especially WLAN systems such as Wi-Fi systems, a PCH refers to a specific frequency band or range used for basic communication between the AP and the STA. The PCH is a basic communication channel between the AP and the STA, which is used to transmit and receive control signals, control or management frames, and some data frames. For example, the PCH may be 20 MHz channel, 40 MHz, 60 MHz, or the like. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the PCH may be 20 MHz channel for example. The PCH may also be referred to as BSS PCH. 3. Non-Primary Channel (NPCH)
[0091] A NPCH refers to a channel used in conjunction with the PCH to increase a bandwidth of a wireless system. The NPCH is utilized when the PCH is congested or busy, allowing for more efficient use of the available bandwidth. The NPCH may be used to transmit and receive data frames. There may be more NPCHs in the wireless system. The PCH and one or more NPCHs are combined to form a wider channel for higher data rates, for example, the NPCH is a part of the channel bonding feature in 802.11be, and the NPCH may act as an alternative channel of the PCH in 802.11bn. The NPCH may be referred to as the secondary channel or unused channel sometimes. The NPCH may also be referred to as BSS NPCH or NPCA primary channel. 4. Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS)
[0092] OBSS refers to a situation in wireless networking where multiple BSSs operate on the same channel in close proximity, leading to interference. This interference is also commonly known as co-channel interference (CCI) and can cause medium contention overhead when too many APs and STAs hear each other on the same channel. 5. UHR
[0093] IEEE 802.11 has approved the establishment of some task groups to develop an amendment, IEEE 802.11bn / UHR, for the next generation of WLANs. This amendment will apply to carrier frequency operations ranging from 1 GHz to 7.250 GHz. UHR identifies reliability as the theme for Wi-Fi 8. Wi-Fi 8 prioritizes reliability, aiming to provide deterministic wireless services for applications such as extended reality (XR) , industrial automation, e-health, etc. The reliability concentrates on increasing speed and throughput.
[0094] The following are targets for the next generation of 802.11.
[0095] (1) High reliability and consistent Wi-Fi connection with predictable timing and delivery of data packets for virtual reality / virtual reality (AR / VR) immersive experience and the metaverse.
[0096] (2) Deterministic and reliable Wi-Fi connectivity for manufacturing (e.g., digital twin) and industrial automation (sensors, robot / drone motion control) .
[0097] (3) Near-seamless mobility providing reliable and consistent user experiences for clients roaming in residential settings, enterprise environments, public venues, manufacturing scenarios involving automatic guided vehicles, and smart agriculture applications for autonomous control of machines.
[0098] (4) Lower power consumption to reduce energy bills, address the growing concerns about global warming, and extend the battery life of untethered devices. 6. Non-Primary Channel Access (NPCA)
[0099] In addition to the reliability performance, a bandwidth capacity has increased from 20 MHz to 320 MHz in the wireless system. This enhancement on the bandwidth capacity resulted in a paradigm shift in channel utilization strategies and throughput gains. Despite the increase in the channel bandwidth, each standard version maintains a primary 20 MHz channel to preserve backward compatibility throughout the standard’s evolutionary trajectory. However, mandating the primary channel in all data transmission processes may impose limitations on system efficiency because the secondary channel is prevented from being utilized when the primary channel is occupied. For example, in Wi-Fi 7, if an OBSS starts on the PCH of the wideband BSS, the wideband BSS is stalled. In this case, no AP or STA is allowed to access the PCH in the duration of the OBSS. Furthermore, when the PCH is busy due to the OBSS, the AP and the STA are not allowed to access the secondary channel (s) even if the secondary channel (s) is idle. This results in performance degradation, especially in the dense networks where the probability of OBSS transmissions is higher.
[0100] In view of this, the NPCA mechanism is introduced in 802.11bn / UHR to utilize the NPCH while the PCH is busy. In a case where the PCH is busy due to OBSS or other conditions (e.g. interference caused by other Wi-Fi / non-Wi-Fi devices using the same frequency band of the PCH) , the AP and the STA are allowed to switch to an alternative PCH (i.e. the NPCH) and contend for channel access on the alternative PCH (i.e. the NPCH) . If the NPCH is idle, the AP and the STA are allowed to exchange data up to the duration of the OBSS. Before the OBSS duration is complete, the AP and the STA switch back to the original PCH and continue to access the original PCH.
[0101] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an example NPCA mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example NPCA mechanism depicted in FIG. 2, the PCH is busy due to an OBSS labeled as 1.
[0102] In a case where the OBSS duration labeled as 2 is greater than a NPCA minimum duration threshold, the AP and STA switch to the NPCH. The AP may switch to the NPCH, labeled as 3A, with a switching delay. Meanwhile, the STA may switch to the NPCH, labeled as 3B, with a switching delay. The switching delays of the AP and the STA may or may not be the same.
[0103] After switching to the NPCH, the AP initiates communication on the NPCH by transmitting an initial control frame (ICF) which is labeled as 4A. After receiving the ICF, the STA transmits an initial control response (ICR) which is labeled as 4B. Based on the ICF and ICR, the AP and the STA perform data exchange. For example, the AP transmits physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) , labeled as 5, on the NPCH. Accordingly, the STA receives the PPDU and transmits a block acknowledgment (BA) , labeled as 5, on the NPCH. The BA frame is a control frame transmitted by a receiver (e.g. the STA) to acknowledge the receipt of multiple data frames transmitted by a transmitter (e.g. the AP) .
[0104] Since the PCH is used to transmit data and control frames while the NPCH is used to transmit data but not control frames, the AP and the STA switch back from the NPCH to the PCH before the OBSS expires on the PCH, such that the STA may receive control frames on the PCH after the OBSS expires. The AP may switch back to the PCH, labeled as 6A, with a switching delay. Meanwhile, the STA may switch back to the PCH, labeled as 6B, with a switching delay. The switching delays of the AP and the STA may or may not be the same.
[0105] An NPCA STA or AP may switch from the BSS primary channel to the NPCA primary channel (i.e. BSS NPCH) if some conditions are met. The following are NPCA AP / STA switch conditions specified in the IEEE 802.11bn draft (D. 01) .
[0106] 1) the STA received a PPDU on the BSS primary channel and all of the following conditions are true: 1.1) the PPDU is classified by the STA as an inter-BSS PPDU. 1.2) the duration of the PPDU is greater than the value indicated in the most recently received or transmitted NPCA Minimum Duration Threshold field corresponding BSS of which it is a member. 1.3) The channel occupied by the PPDU is identified by the STA, based on the Bandwidth field in the PHY preamble of the PPDU and the channel allocations in the corresponding band, and the channel occupied by the PPDU does not overlap with the NPCA primary channel. If the STA switches from the BSS primary channel to the NPCA primary channel based on an meeting condition above in 1) , the STA shall initiate the switch at the NPCA High Efficiency (HE) switch time and it shall be ready to transmit and receive frames (subject to its capabilities and operating mode) on the NPCA primary channel no later than the value of its most recently indicated NPCA switching delay after the NPCA HE switch time, where NPCA HE switch time. 2) the STA received a PPDU containing a Control frame and a PPDU containing an initial response frame of a Control frame exchange on the BSS primary channel and all of the following conditions apply: 2.1) the received PPDU (s) are classified by the STA as inter-BSS PPDU (s) . 2.2) the TXOP duration, determined from the Duration field of the received frame (s) , is greater than the value indicated in the most recently received or transmitted NPCA Minimum Duration Threshold field corresponding to its BSS 2.3) The occupied OBSS doesn’ t overlap with the NPCA primary channel bandwidth. If the STA switches from the BSS primary channel to the NPCA primary channel based on meeting condition above in 2) , the STA shall initiate the switch at the NPCA NHT switch time and it shall be ready to transmit and receive frames addressed to it (subject to its capabilities and operating mode) on the NPCA primary channel no later than the value of its most recently indicated NPCA switching delay after the NPCA NHT switch time, where NPCA NHT switch time.
[0107] The above specified mechanism will address the OBSS issue on the PCH.
[0108] The NPCA mechanisms helps in improving the latency and quality of service (QoS) in case of networks with high possibility of OBSS on the PCH. However, there are a few challenges brought by the NPCA mechanism. Inconsistent detection on NPCH conditions for the AP and the STA may lead to issues. For example, the AP and the STA experiencing different OBSSs on the NPCH may lead to failure of the NPCA mechanism.
[0109] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a scenario where an AP and a STA experiencing different OBSSs on a NPCH according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the solid circle labeled “BSS0” represents a BSS including AP0. AP0 is a central node managing communications within BSS0. Similarly, the dashed circle labeled “BSS1” represents a BSS including AP1, and AP1 is a central node managing communications within BSS1. The dashed circle labeled “BSS2” represents a BSS including AP2, and AP2 is a central node managing communications within BSS2. OBSS1 is caused by an overlap of BSS0 and BSS1, and BSS0 and BSS1 overlap on the PCH. OBSS2 is caused by an overlap of BSS0 and BSS2, and BSS0 and BSS2 overlap on the NPCH.
[0110] In the scenario shown in FIG. 3, the STA is covered by BSS0, BSS1, and BSS2. The STA experiences both OBSS1 on the PCH and OBSS2 on the NPCH. Whereas AP0 experiences OBSS1 on the PCH but does not experience OBSS2 on the NPCH. Therefore, both AP0 and the STA detect OBSS1 on the PCH, but AP0 and the STA do not detect the same OBSS20 on the NPCH. It is noted that there may be multiple STAs such as a group of STAs experiencing both OBSS1 on the PCH and OBSS2 on the NPCH, which is similar to the behavior of the STA shown in FIG. 3.
[0111] After the AP and the STA detect OBSS1 on the PCH, AP0 and the STA may switch to the NPCH. However, as described above, the STA detects OBSS2 on the NPCH, but AP0 does not detect OBSS2. In other words, OBSS2 is hidden from AP0, or it may be considered that the NPCH at the STA is busy due to OBSS2 while the NPCH at AP0 is idle. In this case, although AP0 and the STA switch to the NPCH, the STA may fail to access AP0 on the NPCH since OBSS2 is detected on the NPCH at the STA or near to the STA, and the STA may not take benefit from switching to the NPCH.
[0112] FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of example OBSSs detected by an AP and a STA according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The AP may be AP0 shown in FIG. 3, and the STA may be the STA shown in FIG. 3. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the AP and the STA switch from the PCH to the NPCH after the AP and the STA detect OBSS1 on the PCH. However, the STA detects OBSS2 on the NPCH, but the AP does not detect OBSS2 on the NPCH. In other words, OBSS2 is detected on the NPCH at the STA but is not detected on the NPCH at the AP. In this case, the STA is unable to access the AP on the NPCH at the STA because of the OBSS2 on the NPCH at the STA.
[0113] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a scenario where OBSS occurs frequently on a PCH and a NPCH according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0114] In the example shown in FIG. 5, the AP and the STA both detect OBSS1. The AP switches to the NPCH when the PCH is busy with OBSS1, and the STA switches to the NPCH when the PCH is busy with OBSS1. The AP and the STA may exchange data on the NPCH. When OBSS1 expires, the AP switches back to the PCH, and the STA switches back to the PCH. The AP may transmit control frames, transmit data, or receive data on the PCH after the PCH is idle until the next OBSS1 is detected. Accordingly, the STA may receive control frames, transmit data, or receive data on the PCH after the PCH is idle until the next OBSS1 is detected.
[0115] Upon the AP detecting the next OBSS1, the AP switches from the PCH to the NPCH again as described above. Although there is OBSS2 on the NPCH, the AP does not detect OBSS2 on the NPCH. That is, the AP is hidden from OBSS2 on the NPCH. In such case, the NPCH is idle from the AP’s perspective so that the AP is able to access the NPCH. The AP may transmit data or receive data on the NPCH. The AP switches back from the NPCH to the PCH before this OBSS1 expires.
[0116] However, the STA detects OBSS2 on the NPCH. In such case, the NPCH is busy from the STA’s perspective so that the STA is not able to access the NPCH. The STA fails to access the AP on the NPCH due to this OBSS2.
[0117] In this example shown in FIG. 5, OBSS1 occurs on the PCH frequently and the AP and the STA switch back-and-forth between the PCH and the NPCH frequently. However, OBSS2s occurs on the NPCH at the STA frequently. In this case, the NPCA mechanism fails frequently due to the frequent OBSS2 on the NPCH at the STA, and power of the STA may be wasted.
[0118] In the above example, the STA switches to the NPCH upon an OBSS is detected on the PCH, irrespective of whether the NPCH at the STA is idle or not, which may lead to failure of the NPCA mechanism and power wastage of the STA. In various aspects and / or embodiments of the present disclosure, solutions are proposed to solve at least one of the above problems. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the STA may report NPCA failure (s) to the AP so that the AP may know a condition of NPCH experienced by the STA. In some embodiments, the STA may report information about the NPCH failure (s) to the AP. In some embodiments, the STA may transmit an NPCH channel update request to the AP. In some embodiments, the STA may disable a NPCA mode when NPCA switching is not beneficial. In some embodiments, the AP may disable a NPCA mode or indicate the STA to switch to another NPCH.
[0119] The method may be performed at a first device and a second device. For example, the method may be performed by the first device and the second device, or the method may be performed by a chip (module or circuit) in the first device and a chip (module or circuit) in the second device. The first device may be a STA, and the second device may be an AP. The STA may be the STA 120 in FIG. 1, and the AP may be the AP 110 in FIG. 1. In the following, taking the first device as the STA and the second device as the AP for example, the method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.
[0120] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an example device interaction diagram of a method 600 in accordance with some embodiments. Referring to FIG. 6, the device interaction involves an AP and a STA.
[0121] In step 601, the STA switches from a first NPCH to a PCH before a first OBSS on the PCH expires.
[0122] In step 602, the AP switches from the first NPCH to the PCH before the first OBSS on the PCH expires.
[0123] The PCH may be a BSS PCH, and the NPCH may be a BSS NPCH. The BSS NPCH may also be referred to as “NPCA primary channel” . Due to OBSS such as the first OBSS or other conditions on the PCH, both the STA and the AP switch from the PCH to the NPCH such as the first NPCH. Before the OBSS, such as the first OBSS on the PCH, expires or other conditions on the PCH are eliminated, both the STA and the AP switch back from the NPCH such as the first NPCH to the PCH.
[0124] As described above, a delay of the STA switching from the first NPCH to the PCH may be the same as, or different from, a delay of the AP switching from the first NPCH to the PCH.
[0125] As described above, the PCH may be used to transmit and / or receive data and / or control frames, and the NPCH may be used to transmit and / or receive data. After switching to the PCH and when the PCH is idle, the AP STA and the AP may be able to transmit and / or receive control frames on the PCH.
[0126] In step 603, the STA transmits, on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH. Accordingly, the AP receives the first frame.
[0127] In some implementations, the first frame may be a control frame such as an acknowledgement frame. In some other implementations, the first frame may be a management frame such as an action frame. In an example, the first frame is a new management frame. In another example, the first frame is an existing management frame with a new field (s) . The STA may transmit the first frame by unicasting the first frame to the AP.
[0128] The term “PCH is idle” refers to an absence of any transmission and interference on the PCH. The PCH may become idle after the first OBSS on the PCH expires or other interferences on the PCH are eliminated, and the first frame may be transmitted on the PCH after the first OBSS on the PCH expires or other interferences on the PCH are eliminated. The failure of accessing the first NPCH refers to the fact that the STA has failed to access the first NPCH or the STA has failed to access the AP on the first NPCH.
[0129] The STA may transmit the first frame in a case where the first device detects that the first NPCH is busy. The term “the first NPCH is busy” refers to the fact that there are transmissions or interferences such as another OBSS detected on the first NPCH. For example, the STA detects a second OBSS on the first NPCH. In this case, the STA may not be able to access the first NPCH, that is, the STA may not be able to access the AP on the first NPCH.
[0130] In these embodiments, a feedback mechanism between the STA and the AP is disclosed. When the STA detects that the first NPCH is busy, the AP may know, via the first frame, that the STA has failed to access the first NPCH, which may help the AP to make decisions accordingly. The communication performance between the AP and the STA may be improved.
[0131] In some embodiments, before step 601, the STA may detect the first OBSS on the PCH and switch from the PCH to the first NPCH. Similarly, before step 602, the AP may detect the first OBSS on the PCH and switch from the PCH to the first NPCH. For example, the AP and the STA detects the first OBSS on the PCH. In a case where the duration of the first OBSS is greater than a NPCA minimum duration threshold, the AP and STA switch to the first NPCH from the PCH. After switching to the NPCH, the AP may initiate communication on the first NPCH by transmitting an ICF. After receiving the ICF, the STA may transmit an ICR in response to the ICF. Therefore, the AP and the STA may exchange data on the NPCH. However, when the first NPCH is busy (e.g. due to OBSS) , the AP cannot transmit an ICF to the STA, and the STA cannot transit an ICR to the STA. It is noted that the AP may communicate on the first NPCH with other STA (s) that does not detect that the first NPCH is busy.
[0132] In some embodiments, the first frame is transmitted in a case where a first condition is satisfied, and the first condition includes at least one of condition1, condition2, or condition3. In some examples, the first NPCH is busy, which means the first condition is satisfied. Condition1, condition2, or condition3 may be described below.
[0133] Condition1: a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH is greater than or equal to a first threshold.
[0134] The failures of accessing the first NPCH may be referred to as NPCA failures. The quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH may be referred to as NPCA fail count. The STA increases the NPCA fail count by one once the first NPCA access fails. In other words, The STA increases the NPCA fail count by one once the STA detects that the first NPCH is busy.
[0135] For example, the STA switches from the PCH to the first NPCH upon the STA detects the first OBSS on the PCH. The STA performs channel access on the first NPCH. The STA switches back from the first NPCH to the PCH before the first OBSS expires. When the STA fails to access the first NPCH before the STA switches back to the PCH, the STA increases the NPCA fail count by one.
[0136] The AP and the STA again switch to the first NPCH once the PCH is busy due to OBSS (e.g. another first OBSS) . After switching to the first NPCH, the STA detects that the first NPCH is busy due to an OBSS (e.g. second OBSS) on the first NPCH. In this case, the STA fails to access the first NPCH and the STA increases the NPCA fail count by one. Therefore, the AP and the STA switch back and forth between the PCH and the first NPCH, and the STA increases the NPCA fail count based on the condition of accessing the first NPCH.
[0137] The NPCA failure may be caused by OBSS or other interferences on the first NPCH. For example, after the STA switches to the first NPCH, since there is the second OBSS on the first NPCH, the STA fails to access the first NPCH and further fails to access the AP on the first NPCH.
[0138] It is noted that the first NPCH may be fully or partially occupied with the second OBSS, leading to the NPCA failure.
[0139] FIGS 7A to 7D illustrate examples in which the first NPCH is fully or partially occupied with the second OBSS.
[0140] As shown in FIG. 7A, in the case where the first NPCH is fully occupied with the second OBSS, the duration of the first OBSS may be a subset of the duration of the second OBSS, that is, the second OBSS may start no later than the first OBSS, and the second OBSS may end no earlier than the first OBSS. In this case, once the STA switches to the first NPCH, the STA may detect the second OBSS and fail to access the first NPCH.
[0141] As shown in FIG. 7B, in the case where the first NPCH is partially occupied with the second OBSS, the duration of the second OBSS may partially overlap with the duration of the first OBSS, the second OBSS may start no later than the first OBSS, but the second OBSS may end earlier than the first OBSS. In this case, when the STA switches to the first NPCH, the STA may detect the second OBSS and fail to access the first NPCH during an overlap of the first OBSS and the second OBSS, or the STA may not detect the second OBSS and access the first NPCH during a duration in addition to the overlap.
[0142] As shown in FIG. 7C, in the case where the first NPCH is partially occupied with the second OBSS, the duration of the second OBSS may partially overlap with the duration of the first OBSS, the second OBSS may start later than the first OBSS, but the second OBSS may end no earlier than the first OBSS. Similarly, when the STA switches to the first NPCH, the STA may detect the second OBSS and fail to access the first NPCH during an overlap of the first OBSS and the second OBSS, or the STA may not detect the second OBSS and access the first NPCH during a duration in addition to the overlap.
[0143] As shown in FIG. 7D, in the case where the first NPCH is partially occupied with the second OBSS. There are two second OBSSs. Similarly, when the STA switches to the first NPCH, the STA may detect the second OBSS and fail to access the first NPCH during an overlap of the first OBSS and the second OBSS, or the STA may not detect the second OBSS and access the first NPCH during a duration in addition to the overlap. It is noted that when the STA may detect the second OBSS twice, but the NPCA fail count may be increased by one. Furthermore, three or more second OBSSs may be illustrated in FIG. 7D, but when the STA may detect the second OBSS for three or more times, the NPCA fail count may be increased by one.
[0144] In some embodiments, the first threshold is calculated based on a periodicity of measurement report request transmitted by the AP. For example, in a case where the AP transmits measurement report requests frequently, the first threshold may be set as a smaller value. In a case where the AP transmits the measurement report requests less frequently, the first threshold may be set as a greater value. The measurement report request is an example of the request for the first frame which will be described later.
[0145] Condition2: a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH is greater than or equal to a second threshold.
[0146] The quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH may also be referred to as repetition failure count. After the STA switches to the first NPCH, the STA may transmit packet (s) on the first NPCH to the AP. Once the AP receives a packet successfully, the AP may transmit a frame indicating an acknowledgement (ACK) to the STA. However, when the STA does not receive an ACK after transmitting a packet, the STA may retransmit this packet on the first NPCH to the AP. The repetition failure count is increased by one when the STA fails to receive an ACK after transmitting a packet on the first NPCH to the AP.
[0147] Condition3: a channel load of the first NPCH is greater than or equal to a third threshold.
[0148] The channel load of the first NPCH may refer to a utilization of the first NPCH. The channel load of the first NPCH may include a percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy.
[0149] The percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy refers to the proportion of the time during which the first NPCH is busy in the total amount of time during which the STA is on the first NPCH. In an example, in an ideal case where the first NPCH is idle, the duration that the STA is on the first NPCH equals the duration of the first OBSS on the PCH. In this case, the percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy equals 0%. In another example, the first NPCH is fully occupied with the second OBSS (e.g. FIG. 7A) , the percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy equals 100%. In yet another example, the first NPCH is fully occupied with the second OBSS (e.g. FIG. 7B) , the percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy will be greater than 0%and less than 100%.
[0150] In these embodiments, the first condition may reflect the degradation of the first NPCH. Since the first frame is transmitted in the case where the first condition is satisfied, i.e. the first frame is transmitted after the degradation of the first NPCH reaches a degree (rather than immediately upon the STA failing to access the first NPCH) , the first frame may not be transmitted frequently, thereby reducing the signaling overhead.
[0151] It is noted that part or all of the first condition may be preconfigured or decided by the STA or decided by the AP and dynamically signaled to the STA on a control frame. In some embodiments, the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold may be preconfigured or decided by the STA or may be decided by the AP and dynamically signaled to the STA on a control frame. For example, before step 603, the AP may transmit a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold. Accordingly, the STA may receive the frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold. In an example, the AP may broadcast a beacon frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold to multiple STAs. In another example, the STA may transmit a probe request frame, and the AP may transmit a probe response indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold to the STA.
[0152] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first frame, the STA transmits a frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied. Accordingly, the AP receives the frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied. The AP may then transmit a request for the first frame. Accordingly, the STA may receive this request. In this case, the STA may transmit the first frame in step 603 in response to this request for the first frame.
[0153] The frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied may be a control frame such as an ICF, an ACK frame, or a BA frame. The frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied may be a new control frame or an existing control frame with a new field. This frame may include a 1-bit indication of whether the first condition is satisfied. The request for the first frame may be carried in a control frame such as a new control frame or an existing control frame with a new field. The request for the first frame may be a measurement report request.
[0154] In these embodiments, before transmitting the first frame, the STA may transmit the frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied. After the AP receives this frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied, the AP may then transmit the request for the first frame. Accordingly, the STA may receive this request and may transmit the first frame in response to the request. On the other hand, the STA may not transmit the first frame if the STA does not receive this request from the AP. In this case, the first frame may be transmitted according to the demand of the AP.
[0155] For example, the request for the first frame is a measurement report request, and the measurement report request may be transmitted periodically. As described earlier, in a case where the AP transmits the measurement report requests frequently, the first threshold may be set as a smaller value. In a case where the AP transmits the measurement report requests less frequently, the first threshold may be set as a greater value. In this way, the first condition may be satisfied before the AP transmits the measurement report request.
[0156] In some embodiments, the STA may disable a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode in a case where the first condition is satisfied. In this case, the STA may disable its NPCA mode after the condition of the first NPCH degrades. In this way, the STA may avoid switching back and forth between the PCH and the first NPCH, thereby reducing power consumption of the STA. After the STA disable the NPCA mode, the STA may not switch to any NPCH even the STA detect an OBSS on the PCH. The STA may communicate with the AP on the PCH. For example, the STA switches to the first NPCH upon the STA detects the first OBSS on the PCH. There are other OBSS (e.g. the second OBSS) or interferences on the first NPCH which makes the first condition satisfied. The STA then switches back to the PCH and disables its NPCA mode. The STA may communicate with the AP after the first OBSS on the PCH expires. It is noted that the STA may switch back to the PCH before the first OBSS expires, and the STA may switch back to the PCH before or after the STA disables its NPCA mode. In some implementations, the STA may disable the NPCA mode if the STA is not expecting low latency communication.
[0157] Similarly, the AP may disable its NPCA mode. The AP may disable its NPCA mode after the AP receives the first frame or after the AP receives the frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied. After the AP disables its NPCA mode, the AP may communicate with the STA and other STAs on the PCH, and the AP may not switch to any NPCH even if an OBSS is detected on the PCH.
[0158] Alternatively, the AP may not disable its NPCA mode (i.e. the AP’s NPCA mode) even if the STA disables its NPCA mode (i.e. the STA’s NPCA mode) . In this case, the AP may communicate with other STAs on the NPCH such as the first NPCH.
[0159] In some embodiments, the first frame may carry information related to the first NPCH. In this case, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled; a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.
[0160] In some embodiments, the NPCH feedback report element includes the subfield indicating whether the NPCA mode is disabled. As described above, the STA may disable its NPCA mode in the case where the first condition is satisfied. In these embodiments, the first frame may include the subfield indicating whether the NPCA mode of the STA is disabled. Therefore, the AP may know the state of the NPCA mode of the STA (i.e. whether the NPCA mode of the STA is disabled) . In a case where this subfield indicates that the NPCA mode of the STA is disabled, the AP may also disable the NPCA mode of the AP itself. In this case, the AP may not switch from the PCH to any NPCH when an OBSS (e.g. the first OBSS) is detected on the PCH. The AP may communicate with the STA on the PCH after the first OBSS expires. In a case where this subfield indicates that the NPCA mode of the STA is not disabled, the STA and the AP may switch from the PCH to the first NPCH again when another OBSS (e.g. another first OBSS) is detected on the PCH. The AP may communicate with the STA on the first NPCH.
[0161] The subfield indicating whether the NPCA mode is disabled may include 1 bit, where this 1 bit having a value of 0 indicates that the NPCA mode is disabled and this 1 bit having a value of 1 indicates that the NPCA mode is enabled. Or, this 1 bit having a value of 1 indicates that the NPCA mode is disabled and this 1 bit having a value of 0 indicates that the NPCA mode is enabled.
[0162] In some embodiments, the NPCH feedback report element includes the subfield indicating the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH (indicating the NPCA fail count) . As described above, the STA may transmit the first frame in the case where the NPCA fail count reaches the first threshold. In this case, once the NPCA fail count reaches the first threshold, the STA may transmit the first frame indicating the NPCA fail count. When the STA does not disable its NPCA mode and the STA detects another OBSS (e.g. another first OBSS) on the PCH, the STA again switches to the first NPCH. When the STA detects another OBSS (e.g. another second OBSS) on the first NPCH, the STA updates the NPCA fail count by increasing the NPCA fail count by one. In this case, the NPCA fail count is greater than the first threshold, and the STA may transmit another first frame indicating the updated NPCA fail count to the AP. In this way, the AP may know the updated NPCA fail count in real time, which may help the AP to make further decisions such as deciding whether to switch to a new NPCH or not, for example, when the updated NPCA fail count is larger, it indicates that the NPCA is poor, and it is decided to switch to a new NPCH, and when the updated NPCA fail count is smaller, it is decided not to switch to a new NPCH.
[0163] The subfield indicating the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH may include multiple bits or one or more octets. The multiple bits or one or more octets may indicate the value of the NPCA fail count or the updated NPCA fail count.
[0164] In some embodiments, the NPCH feedback report element includes the subfield indicating the duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH. The duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH may also be referred to as a failure duration, and the failure duration indicates the duration from the first failure for access the first NPCH to the current failure for access the first NPCH. In an example, in the case where the NPCA fail count reaches the first threshold, the STA transmits the first frame indicating the failure duration. When the failure duration is relatively short, the AP may know that the NPCA fail count reaches the first threshold in a relatively short time. The AP may know that the first NPCH has a poor condition, resulting in frequent NPCA failures. This may also be helpful for the AP to make further decisions such as deciding whether to switch to a new NPCH or not. For example, the failure duration is relatively short, and the AP knows that the NPCA fail count reaches the first threshold in a relatively short time. In this case, the AP may disable the NPCA mode for the AP and / or the STA or the AP may indicate the STA to switch to another NPCH.
[0165] The subfield indicating the duration may include multiple bits or one or more octets. The multiple bits or one or more octets may indicate the value of the duration.
[0166] In some embodiments, the NPCH feedback report element includes the subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH. The channel load information may indicate the percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy. In this case, the AP may know the condition of the first NPCH that is detected by the STA. In other words, the AP may know the condition of the NPCH at the STA. This may also be helpful for the AP to make further decisions such as deciding whether to switch to a new NPCH or not. For example, the percentage of time that the first NPCH is busy is relatively higher, the AP may disable the NPCA mode for the AP and / or the STA or the AP may indicate the STA to switch to another NPCH.
[0167] The subfield indicating the channel load information of the first NPCH may include multiple bits or one or more octets. The multiple bits or one or more octets may indicate the value of the channel load information of the first NPCH.
[0168] In some embodiments, the first frame may carry a request for switching the NPCH. In this case, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; or a subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the STA to switch to.
[0169] The subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not carries a request for switching the NPCH immediately or not switching the NPCH immediately. The subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not may include 1 bit, where this 1 bit having a value of 0 indicates that the first NPCH is to be switched immediately and this 1 bit having a value of 1 indicates that the first NPCH is not to be switched immediately. Or this 1 bit having a value of 1 indicates that the first NPCH is to be switched immediately and this 1 bit having a value of 0 indicates that the first NPCH is not to be switched immediately.
[0170] The subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the AP to switch to may indicate IDs of the plurality of NPCHs. The plurality of NPCHs may have lower channel load or lower interferences than the first NPCH.
[0171] In the case where the subfield indicates that the first NPCH may be switched immediately, the AP may select the second NPCH from the plurality of NPCHs. The AP transmits a frame indicating the STA to update to the selected second NPCH. Alternatively, the AP may select a second NPCH, which, however, does not belong to the plurality of NPCHs.
[0172] In the case where the subfield indicates that the first NPCH may be switched immediately, but the subfield indicating the plurality of NPCHs is not included, the AP may decide the second NPCH itself. The AP transmits a frame indicating the STA to update to the decided second NPCH.
[0173] When the AP transmits the frame indicating the STA to update to the second NPCH. Accordingly, the STA receives this frame. The AP and the STA then switch to the second NPCH, respectively. It is noted that the AP and the STA may switch from the first NPCH to the second NPCH directly, or the AP and the STA may switch from the first NPCH back to the PCH and then switch from the PCH to the second NPCH.
[0174] In the case where this subfield indicates that the first NPCH may not be switched immediately, the AP may take some time to schedule measurements for other STAs. For example, the AP may collect data or information from other STAs and then the AP may decide when to switch to another NPCH. If the STA expects low latency communication, the STA can keep the NPCA mode enabled to utilize NPCA mechanism, and request for a NPCH channel switch. On the other hand, STA may disable NPCA mode if it is not expecting low latency communication like described earlier.
[0175] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of an example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments. In this example, the first condition is decided by the AP, and the first condition includes condition1: the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
[0176] The AP transmits a beacon frame on the PCH to the STA, and the beacon frame indicates the first threshold. It is noted that the AP may broadcast the beacon frame on the PCH to multiple STAs, and FIG. 8 illustrates the feedback mechanism using one STA as an example.
[0177] The AP and the STA switch to the first NPCH once the PCH is busy due to OBSS (e.g. the first OBSS) . After switching to the first NPCH, the AP and the STA may exchange data by transmitting and / or receiving PPDU (s) on the first NPCH. The AP and the STA switch back to the PCH before the first OBSS expires.
[0178] The AP and the STA again switch to the first NPCH once the PCH is busy due to OBSS (e.g. another first OBSS) . After switching to the first NPCH, the AP detects that the first NPCH is idle. However, the STA detects that the first NPCH is busy due to an OBSS (e.g. the second OBSS) on the first NPCH. In this case, the STA fails to access the first NPCH and the STA increases a value of NPCH fail count by 1. The AP and the STA switch back to the PCH before the first OBSS expires.
[0179] As shown in FIG. 8, the AP and the STA switch back and forth between the PCH and the first NPCH due to the frequent OBSSs on the PCH. Moreover, the STA increases the value of NPCH fail count by 1 when the STA fails to access the first NPCH during the duration of one first OBSS. Since the STA detects frequent OBSSs on the first NPCH, the NPCH fail count continue to increase.
[0180] The STA compares the NPCH fail count with the first threshold. When the NPCH fail count is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the STA transmits a feedback (an example of the first frame) indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH to the AP. The STA may further disable its NPCA mode since the NPCH fail reaches the first threshold. The feedback may indicate at least one of: whether a NPCA mode is disabled, a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, channel load information of the first NPCH, or an NPCH channel switch request. After the AP receives the feedback, the AP may transmit a response such as an ACK indicating that the feedback is received by the AP.
[0181] It is noted that the STA may disable its NPCA mode before or after the STA transmits the feedback, or the STA may disable its NPCA mode at the same time that the STA transmits the feedback. The STA may enable its NPCA mode when a new NPCH is announced by the AP.
[0182] As described earlier, in some embodiments, before transmitting the first frame, the STA may transmit the frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied. After the AP receives this frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied, the AP may then transmit the request for the first frame. Accordingly, the STA may receive this request. In this case, the STA may transmit the first frame in step 603 in response to this request for the first frame. FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments. This example is similar to the example in FIG. 8. The difference is that in FIG. 9, the STA does not transmit the feedback once the first condition is satisfied. Instead, once the first condition is satisfied, the STA transmits an indication indicating that the first condition is satisfied to the AP. The STA does not transmit the feedback until the STA receives a request for the feedback from the AP.
[0183] As shown in FIG. 9, the AP transmits the beacon frame indicating the first condition to the STA, and the first condition includes condition1: the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH is greater than or equal to the first threshold. Similar to the example in FIG. 8, the AP and the STA switch back and forth between the PCH and the first NPCH, and the STA count the NPCH fail count during the process that the STA is trying to access the first NPCH. The STA also compares the NPCH fail count with the first threshold. When the NPCH fail count is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the STA transmits the indication indicating that the first condition is satisfied to the AP. This indication may be a 1-bit indication. The 1-bit indication may be carried in a frame such as an ICF, an ACK frame, or a BA frame.
[0184] After the AP receives this indication, the AP transmits the request for the feedback to the STA. The STA then transmit the feedback to the AP in response to the request. Similarly, the feedback may indicate at least one of: whether a NPCA mode is disabled, a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, channel load information of the first NPCH, or an NPCH channel switch request.
[0185] For example, the request is a measurement request for measuring the first NPCH, and the AP may transmit the measurement request to further understand the channel condition of the first NPCH. After receiving the measurement request, the STA may start to measure the channel condition of the first NPCH, and the STA may transmit the feedback indicating the channel condition of the first NPCH to the AP. The channel condition of the first NPCH may include channel load information of the first NPCH. In this case, the STA may not start to measure the channel condition of the first NPCH until the STA receives the request from the AP. When the AP does not request for the information about the channel condition of the first NPCH, the STA may not perform measurement on the first NPCH so that the power consumption of the STA may be reduced. In this way, the feedback may be transmitted according to the demand of the AP, the power consumption of the STA may be reduced.
[0186] FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of still another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments, where the first condition is decided by the STA. This example is similar to the example in FIG. 8. The difference is that in FIG. 10, the STA decides the first condition instead of receiving the beacon frame indicating the first condition from the AP. In this example, the STA decides whether and when to transmit the feedback based on the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH. The STA may decide the first condition, and the STA may transmit the feedback once the first condition is satisfied.
[0187] FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of yet still another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments, where an AP and multiple STAs are included. In this example, the AP communicates with the STAs (i.e. STA1, STA2, STA3, and STA4) on the same channels (i.e. the PCH and the first NPCH) . The AP and the STAs switch from the PCH to the first NPCH once an OBSS (e.g. the first OBSS) is detected on the PCH. The STAs count the NPCA failures respectively. Once a STA detects that the first condition is satisfied, this STA transmits the feedback to the AP. The AP may broadcast a beacon frame indicating critical update after the AP has received feedbacks from more than half of the STAs. The critical update may indicate the STAs to switch to a new NPCH.
[0188] It is noted that the STAs may detect the same OBSS (e.g. the second OBSS) on the first NPCH, or the STAs may detects different OBSSs or other interferences on the first NPCH. Moreover, different STAs may transmit the feedback indicating the same or different information. In an example where the feedbacks indicate the same information, the feedbacks transmitted by the STAs indicates that the NPCA mode of a respective STA is disabled. In an example where the feedbacks indicate different information, some feedback (s) may indicate that the NPCA mode of respective STAs is disabled, while some feedbacks may indicate channel load information of the first NPCH measured by respective STAs.
[0189] It is noted that in FIGS. 8-11, condition1 is used for example, which may also be applied to condition2 or condition 3, or any combination of condition 1, condition2, or condition 3.
[0190] The following will describe the format of some frames according to one or more embodiments.
[0191] FIG. 12 illustrates a general format of an Action frame according to one or more embodiments. The Action frame includes a Category field and an Action Details field. The Category field indicates the category of the frame. The Action Details field indicates the detailed action of the frame. Table 1 illustrates possible values of the Category field and corresponding meanings. The Category field may be set as one of the values shown in the Code column of Table 1. Table 1
[0192] In some embodiments, the first frame is an Action frame. For example, the value of the Category field is set as “35” among the list of values of the Category field presented in Table 1 (value “35” is reserved in existing standards) , and this Action frame may be the first frame, which is also named as “UHR Action frame” . In this case, the Action Details field of the UHR Action frame includes a UHR Action field which may have 1 octet. The UHR Action field may be set adjacent to, and following, the Category field. FIG. 13 illustrates an example frame format of the UHR Action frame according to one or more embodiments. As shown in FIG. 13, the example frame format of the UHR Action frame includes a Category field, a UHR Action field, a Dialog Token field, and a NPCH Feedback Report field.
[0193] The Category field is used to identify the type of action being performed by the Action frame. For example, the Category field having a value of 35 indicates the type of action being performed by the Action frame is UHR Action, which can be UHR based measurements, data collection, or any other actions.
[0194] The UHR Action field is used to identify a type of UHR related action. Table 2 illustrates possible values of the UHR Action field and the corresponding descriptions. As shown in Table 2, the UHR Action field having a value of 0 indicates that the UHR Action frame includes an NPCH Feedback Report field. Other values of the UHR Action field are reserved. In an example, the UHR Action field is set as 0, indicating the action of the UHR Action frame is to carry NPCH feedback report. Table 2
[0195] The Dialog Token field is used to match action responses with action requests when there are multiple, concurrent action requests.
[0196] The NPCH Feedback Report field may include an NPCH Feedback Report Element and / or an NPCH Channel Switch Request Element.
[0197] NPCH Feedback Report Element is used to report the NPCH related measurement and NPCH parameters such as the NPCA mode, the NPCA fail count, and / or the fail duration. The NPCH Channel Switch Request Element indicates a NPCH channel switch request to AP with an NPCH critical switch information and potential NPCH list.
[0198] FIG. 14A illustrates subfields in the NPCH Feedback Report Element. As shown in FIG. 14A, the NPCH Feedback Report Element includes: an NPCA Mode subfield, an NPCH Fail Count subfield, a Fail Duration subfield, and a NPCH Measurement Report subfield.
[0199] The NPCA Mode subfield is used to indicate whether the NPCA mode is enabled or disabled.
[0200] The NPCH Fail Count subfield is used to indicate the quantity of failures of accessing the NPCH (e.g. the first NPCH) .
[0201] The Fail Duration subfield is used to indicate the duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH.
[0202] The NPCH Measurement Report subfield is used to indicate the NPCH channel load measurement information. The NPCH channel load measurement information may include information about the utilization of the NPCH. The utilization of the NPCH may include the percentage of time that the NPCH is busy.
[0203] The NPCH Feedback Report Element may further include an Element ID subfield to indicate an ID of the NPCH Feedback Report Element, a Length subfield to indicate the length of the NPCH Feedback Report Element, and an Element ID Extension subfield.
[0204] In some implementations, the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating OBSS received signal strength indicator (RSSI) statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0205] It is noted that the STA may detect an OBSS (e.g., the second OBSS) on the first NPCH, or the STA may detect multiple OBSSs on the first NPCH, which is merely illustrative and not intended to be limiting. For ease of description, a detected OBSS (e.g., the second OBSS) will be described as an example and the same parts for multiple OBSSs will not be repeated.
[0206] FIG. 14B illustrates another schematic illustration of subfields in the NPCH Feedback Report Element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The subfields in FIG. 14B are similar to the subfields in FIG. 14A, and the same subfields may refer to related description above and will not be repeated herein. However, as shown in FIG. 14B, the NPCH Feedback Report Element further includes: an OBSS BSS Color subfield with a variable length, an OBSS Bitmap subfield with a variable length, and an OBSS RSSI Statistics subfield with a variable length.
[0207] The subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH may refer to the OBSS BSS Color subfield. For example, the STA may detect an OBSS (e.g., the second OBSS) on the first NPCH. Because different BSSs are distinguished by different colors, the STA may transmit the BSS color of the detected OBSS to the AP via the first frame.
[0208] The subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH may refer to the OBSS Bitmap subfield. The OBSS bitmap may indicate information about the OBSS detected in each 20 megahertz (MHz) sub-channel in an NPCH. For example, the OBSS Bitmap subfield may indicate that whether the OBSS is detected for each sub-channel in the first NPCH. The AP may also use the OBSS bitmap for subsequent decision-making.
[0209] The subfield indicating OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH may refer to the OBSS RSSI Statistics subfield. The OBSS RSSI statistics may indicate a strength level of a signal of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0210] Upon receiving the NPCH feedback report element via the first frame, the AP may be aware of information (e.g., the BSS color, the OBSS bitmap, or the OBSS RSSI statistics) about the OBSS detected on the first NPCH by the STA, which may facilitate subsequent decision-making (e.g., switching to another NPCH) by the AP and improve communication efficiency.
[0211] FIG. 15 illustrates subfields in the NPCH Channel Switch Request Element. As shown in FIG. 15, the NPCH Channel Switch Request Element includes a NPCA Critical Switch subfield and a Potential NPCH List subfield. The NPCA Critical Switch subfield indicates whether the current NPCA channel is to be switched immediately or not. The Potential NPCH List field indicates a list of potential NPCHs that may have lower channel load compared with the current NPCH.
[0212] The NPCH Channel Switch Request Element may further include an Element ID subfield to indicate an ID of the NPCH Channel Switch Request Element, a Length subfield to indicate the length of the NPCH Channel Switch Request Element, and an Element ID Extension subfield.
[0213] In some embodiments, the first frame may be a reused Action frame with a new field (s) or new element (s) .
[0214] In an example, the first frame is a Spectrum Management frame with the frame category value of “0” . Table 3 illustrates possible values of the Spectrum Management Action field and the corresponding descriptions. As shown in Table 3, the Spectrum Management Action field having a value of 5 indicates that the Spectrum Management frame includes an NPCH Feedback Report field (the Spectrum Management Action field having a value of 5 is reserved in existing standards) Table 3
[0215] The description of the NPCH Feedback Report field in the Spectrum Management frame may refer to the description of the NPCH Feedback Report field in the UHF Action frame, and details will not be repeated herein.
[0216] In another example, the first frame is a Radio Measurement frame with the frame category value of “5” . Table 4 illustrates possible values of the Radio Measurement Action field and the corresponding descriptions. As shown in Table 4, the Radio Measurement Action field having a value of 6 indicates that the Radio Measurement frame includes an NPCH Feedback Report field (the Radio Measurement Action field having a value of 6 is reserved in existing standards) Table 4
[0217] The description of the NPCH Feedback Report field in the Radio Measurement Action frame may refer to the description of the NPCH Feedback Report field in the UHF Action frame, and details will not be repeated herein.
[0218] As described earlier, the STA may transmit the frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied. Whether the first condition is satisfied may be indicated by a 1-bit indication. The 1-bit indication may be carried in a frame such as an ICF, an ACK frame, or a BA frame.
[0219] FIG. 16 illustrates an example format of the BA frame. As shown in FIG. 16 the BA frame includes a BA Control field, a Frame Control field, a Duration field, a RA field, a TA field, a Starting Sequence Control field, a Block Ack Bitmap field, and an FCS field.
[0220] The Frame Control field is used to provide information about the frame, including type, subtype, and other control flags of the frame.
[0221] The Duration field is used to indicate the duration of frame transmission.
[0222] The RA field is used to indicate the receiver address.
[0223] The TA field is used to indicate the transmitter address.
[0224] The Starting Sequence Control field is used to indicate a sequence number that indicates the beginning of a block of data frames that the receiver is acknowledging.
[0225] The Block Ack Bitmap field includes a series of bits that are used to indicate which individual data frames within a burst of transmissions were received successfully by the receiver (e.g. the STA) .
[0226] The FCS field includes a frame check sequence that is used to check the data integrity.
[0227] The BA Control field provides information about the block acknowledgement policy and traffic ID. The BA Control field includes a BA Ack Policy field, a Multi-TID field, a Compressed Bitmap field, an NPCH feedback Indication field, a TID / NumTIDs field, and other bits are reserved. The NPCH feedback Indication field may include the 1-bit indication that indicates whether the first condition is satisfied.
[0228] The BA Ack Policy field is used under HT-delayed block ack. When set to 0 (Normal Acknowledgement) on an HT-delayed block session, the BA frame will solicit an ACK frame if correctly received by the originator. This is the same behavior as under delayed block ack.
[0229] The Multi-TID field is used to indicate if the aggregation and block ack arrangement works for multiple TIDs.
[0230] The Compressed Bitmap field is used by a receiver to acknowledge the reception of multiple data packets transmitted by a transmitter.
[0231] The TID / NumTIDs field is used to indicate the type or class of Traffic Identified for which the block acknowledgement is requested.
[0232] Table 5 illustrate possible value of the NPCH Feedback Indication field and corresponding descriptions. The NPCH Feedback Indication field having a value of 1 indicates that the NPCH fail count is greater than or equal to the NPCA feedback threshold (an example of the first threshold) , and the NPCH Feedback Indication field having a value of 0 indicates that the NPCH fail count is less than the NPCA feedback threshold. Table 5
[0233] As described earlier, the AP may transmit the frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold. In some implementations, the AP may broadcast the beacon frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold to multiple STAs. FIG. 17 illustrates an NPCA element of the Beacon frame. The NPCA element includes an Element ID subfield, a Length subfield, an Element ID Extension subfield, an NPCA Primary Channel subfield, an NPCA Effective Time subfield, and an NPCA Feedback Threshold subfield.
[0234] The Element ID subfield indicates the specific type of information element that is being transmitted. The Length subfield indicates the number of octets in the physical layer service data unit (PSDU) that the medium access control (MAC) layer is requesting the Physical layer (PHY) to transmit. The Element ID Extension subfield indicates the extended information element type, enabling differentiation between different extended IEs. The NPCA Primary Channel subfield indicates the updated NPCH primary channel information. The NPCA Effective Time subfield indicates the time from which the updated NPCH channel will be effective. The NPCA Feedback Threshold subfield indicates at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold.
[0235] In some implementations, the first frame is an acknowledgement (ACK) frame. The method 600 further includes step 604 prior to step 603. In step 604, the AP transmits a downlink physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) to the STA. Accordingly, the STA receives the downlink PPDU.
[0236] In this case, the first frame may refer to the ACK frame responsive to the downlink PPDU. For example, the downlink PPDU may refer to a multiple user (MU) PPDU for scheduling multiple STAs, and the multiple STAs include the STA in method 600. The first frame may refer to a MU-BA frame as a response to the MU PPDU, which is merely illustrative and not intended to be limiting.
[0237] FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of yet still another example NPCA feedback mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The NPCA feedback mechanism shown in FIG. 18 is similar to the NPCA feedback mechanism shown in FIG. 8, and the same parts will not be repeated herein.
[0238] However, the first frame in FIG. 18 may refer to the MU-BA frame. Although not shown in FIG. 18, the AP may transmit multiple MU PPDUs to multiple STAs including the STA shown in FIG. 18. The STA may respond to the MU PPDUs via MU-BA frames. Once the first condition is satisfied (e.g., the condition 1 is satisfied: the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH is greater than or equal to the first threshold) , the MU-BA frame transmitted by the STA may also indicate a failure of accessing the first NPCH.
[0239] Similar to FIGS. 8 to 11, it is noted that in FIG. 18, condition 1 is also used for example, which may also be applied to condition 2 or condition 3, or any combination of condition 1, condition 2, or condition 3.
[0240] In this case, the STA uses the ACK frame as the first frame without requiring additional signaling, thereby reducing signaling overhead and improving communication efficiency.
[0241] In some implementations, the first frame includes a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of: a channel load of the first NPCH; at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to; a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0242] As aforementioned, the first frame may be the MU-BA frame. The field indicating feedback of user information may refer to a Feedback User information (Info) field carried in the MU-BA frame.
[0243] Because the STA may detect the OBSS on the first NPCH and determine that the first NPCH is no longer suitable for access, the STA may scan other NPCHs (e.g., perform energy detection or OBSS detection) and determine at least one NPCH for the STA to switch to. In other words, the at least one NPCH may be available for access.
[0244] The channel load of the first NPCH, the BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH, the OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH, and the OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH may refer to related description above and will not be repeated herein.
[0245] FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of a Feedback User Info field according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, the Feedback User Info field includes: a 12-bit association identifier (AID 12) field with a length of 12 bits (e.g., from B0 to B11) , a Feedback Type field with a length of 4 bits (e.g., from B12 to B15) , and a Feedback Information field with a length of 24 bits (e.g., from B16 to B39) .
[0246] The AID 12 field may indicate an AID 12 of the STA to identify the STA. The Feedback Type field indicates a type of feedback from the STA. The Feedback Information field indicates information about the feedback according to the type of the feedback. For example, Table 6 illustrates possible values of the Feedback Type field and corresponding meanings. Table 6
[0247] It is noted that Table 6 illustrates possible correspondences between the value of the Feedback Type field and the type of feedback but there may be other correspondences therebetween. For example, the Feedback Type field with a value of 6 may indicate that the type of feedback is NPCA feedback.
[0248] As shown in Table 6, in a case where the Feedback Type field is set as 5 (e.g., the type of feedback may be NPCA feedback) , the Feedback Information field may indicate at least one of: the channel load of the first NPCH; at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to; the BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; the OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or the OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH. Details thereof are described above and will not be repeated herein.
[0249] However, even if the type of feedback is the NPCA feedback, the Feedback Information field may have different formats, which is merely illustrative and not intended to be limiting. Possible formats of the Feedback Information field will be illustrated in conjunction of FIGS. 20A to 20C.
[0250] FIGS. 20A to 20C illustrate three example formats of the Feedback Information field according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0251] As shown in FIG. 20A, the Feedback Information field includes: an NPCH Channel Load field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B0 to B7) , a Potential NPCA channel field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B8 to B15) , and an OBSS BSS Color field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B16 to B23) . The NPCH Channel Load field indicates the channel load of the first NPCH. The Potential NPCA channel field indicates at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to. The OBSS BSS Color field indicates the BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0252] As shown in FIG. 20B, the Feedback Information field includes: an OBSS RSSI field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B0 to B7) , an OBSS BSS Color field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B8 to B15) , and a Potential NPCA channel field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B16 to B23) . The OBSS RSSI field indicates the OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH. The OBSS BSS Color field and the Potential NPCA channel field may refer to related description and will not be repeated herein.
[0253] As shown in FIG. 20C, the Feedback Information field includes: an OBSS BSS Color field with a length of 8 bits (e.g., from B0 to B7) , and an OBSS Bitmap field with a length of 16 bits (e.g., from B8 to B23) . The OBSS Bitmap field indicates the OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH. The OBSS BSS Color field may refer to related description and will not be repeated herein.
[0254] In this case, the STA may indicate information about the NPCA (e.g., the first NPCH) to the AP via the first frame (e.g., the MU-BA frame) , which may further reduce signaling overhead and improve the communication flexibility.
[0255] FIG. 21 illustrates a block diagram of a communication apparatus 2100 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0256] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 2100 may be applied at the first device. The communication apparatus 2100 may include: a processing module 2101, configured to switch from a first non-primary channel (NPCH) to a primary channel (PCH) before a first overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the PCH expires; and a transceiving module 2102, configured to transmit on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH.
[0257] In some implementations, the processing module 2101 is further configured to detect the first OBSS on the PCH; and switch from the PCH to the first NPCH.
[0258] In some implementations, the first frame is transmitted in a case where the first device detects that the first NPCH is busy.
[0259] In some implementations, the first frame is transmitted in a case where a first condition is satisfied, and the first condition includes at least one of:
[0260] a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a first threshold;
[0261] a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a second threshold; or
[0262] a channel load of the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a third threshold.
[0263] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to receive a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold.
[0264] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to transmit a frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied; and receive a request for the first frame, where the first frame is transmitted in response to the request for the first frame.
[0265] In some implementations, the processing module 2101 is further configured to disable a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode in a case where the first condition is satisfied.
[0266] In some implementations, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled; a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.
[0267] In some implementations, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating OBSS received signal strength indicator (RSSI) statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0268] In some implementations, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; or a subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the first device to switch to.
[0269] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to receive a frame indicating the first device to update to a second NPCH, and the processing module 2101 is further configured to switch to the second NPCH.
[0270] In some implementations, the first frame is an acknowledgement frame. The transceiving module 2102 is further configured to receive a downlink PPDU; and transmit the first frame responsive to the downlink PPDU.
[0271] In some implementations, the first frame includes a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of: a channel load of the first NPCH; at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to; a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0272] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the first in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0273] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 2100 may be applied at the second device. The communication apparatus 2100 may include: a processing module 2101, configured to switch from a first non-primary channel (NPCH) to a primary channel (PCH) before a first overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the PCH expires; and a transceiving module 2102, configured to receive, on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH.
[0274] In some implementations, the processing module 2101 is further configured to detect the first OBSS on the PCH, and switch from the PCH to the first NPCH.
[0275] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to receive a frame indicating that a first condition is satisfied, where the first condition includes at least one of:
[0276] a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a first threshold;
[0277] a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a second threshold; or
[0278] a channel load of the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a third threshold.
[0279] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to transmit a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold.
[0280] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to transmit a request for the first frame.
[0281] In some implementations, the processing module 2101 is further configured to disable a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode.
[0282] In some implementations, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled; a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.
[0283] In some implementations, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element includes at least one of: a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or a subfield indicating OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0284] In some implementations, the first frame includes an NPCH feedback report field including an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element includes at least one of:
[0285] a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; or
[0286] a subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the second device to switch to.
[0287] In some implementations, the transceiving module 2102 is further configured to transmit a frame indicating one or more first devices to update to a second NPCH; and the processing module 2101 is further configured to switch to the second NPCH.
[0288] In some implementations, the first frame is an acknowledgement frame. The transceiving module 2102 is further configured to: transmit a downlink PPDU; and receive the first frame responsive to the downlink PPDU.
[0289] In some implementations, the first frame includes a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of: a channel load of the first NPCH; at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to; a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH; an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; or OBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.
[0290] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the second in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0291] FIG. 22 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, the communication apparatus 2200 may include: a processor 2201 coupled with a memory 2202 in a communicative way via an interface 2203; where the memory 2202 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 2201 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 2202 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the AMP reader or the carrier source. It should be noted that, the memory 2202 may be included or excluded from the communication apparatus, depending on actual needs.
[0292] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0293] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0294] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0295] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a first device / second device, cause the first device / second device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0296] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0297] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a first device / second device, the computer program instructions cause the first device / second device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0298] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0299] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0300] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0301] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0302] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a first device or a second device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0303] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0304] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0305] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0306] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0307] The terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0308] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0309] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0310] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0311] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0312] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0313] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0314] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0315] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0316] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0317] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method performed at a first device, the method comprising:switching from a first non-primary channel (NPCH) to a primary channel (PCH) before a first overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the PCH expires; andtransmitting, on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH.2.The method of claim 1, wherein before switching from the first NPCH to the PCH, the method further comprises:detecting the first OBSS on the PCH; andswitching from the PCH to the first NPCH.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first frame is transmitted in a case where the first device detects that the first NPCH is busy.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first frame is transmitted in a case where a first condition is satisfied, and the first condition comprises at least one of:a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a first threshold;a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a second threshold; ora channel load of the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a third threshold.5.The method of claim 4, further comprising:receiving a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold.6.The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein before transmitting the first frame, the method further comprises:transmitting a frame indicating that the first condition is satisfied; andreceiving a request for the first frame, wherein the first frame is transmitted in response to the request for the first frame.7.The method of any one of claims 4 to 6, further comprising:disabling a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode in a case where the first condition is satisfied.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first frame comprises an NPCH feedback report field comprising an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element comprises at least one of:a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled;a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH;a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; ora subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.9.The method of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first frame comprises an NPCH feedback report field comprising an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element comprises at least one of:a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH;a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; ora subfield indicating OBSS received signal strength indicator (RSSI) statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first frame comprises an NPCH feedback report field comprising an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element comprises at least one of:a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; ora subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the first device to switch to.11.The method of claim 10, further comprising:receiving a frame indicating the first device to update to a second NPCH; andswitching to the second NPCH.12.The method of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first frame is an acknowledgement frame, the method further comprises:receiving a downlink physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) ; and the transmitting a first frame comprises:transmitting the first frame responsive to the downlink PPDU.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the first frame comprises a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of:a channel load of the first NPCH;at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to;a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH;an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; orOBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.14.A communication method performed at a second device, the method comprising:switching from a first non-primary channel (NPCH) to a primary channel (PCH) before a first overlapping basic service set (OBSS) on the PCH expires; andreceiving, on the PCH after the PCH is idle, a first frame indicating a failure of accessing the first NPCH.15.The method of claim 14, wherein before switching from the first NPCH to the primary channel PCH, the method further comprises:detecting the first OBSS on the PCH; andswitching from the PCH to the first NPCH.16.The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein before receiving the first frame, the method further comprises:receiving a frame indicating that a first condition is satisfied, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of:a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a first threshold;a quantity of repetition failures of transmitting a packet on the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a second threshold; ora channel load of the first NPCH, being greater than or equal to a third threshold.17.The method of claim 16, further comprising:transmitting a frame indicating at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, or the third threshold.18.The method of claim 16 or 17, further comprising:transmitting a request for the first frame.19.The method of any one of claims 14 to 18, further comprising:disabling a non-primary channel access (NPCA) mode.20.The method of any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein the first frame comprises an NPCH feedback report field comprising an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element comprises at least one of:a subfield indicating whether a NPCA mode is disabled;a subfield indicating a quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH;a subfield indicating a duration taken for the quantity of failures of accessing the first NPCH; ora subfield indicating channel load information of the first NPCH.21.The method of any of claims 14 to 20, wherein the first frame comprises an NPCH feedback report field comprising an NPCH feedback report element, and the NPCH feedback report element comprises at least one of:a subfield indicating a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH;a subfield indicating an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; ora subfield indicating OBSS received signal strength indicator (RSSI) statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.22.The method of any one of claims 14 to 21, wherein the first frame comprises an NPCH feedback report field comprising an NPCH channel switch request element, and the NPCH channel switch request element comprises at least one of:a subfield indicating whether the first NPCH is to be switched immediately or not; ora subfield indicating a plurality of NPCHs for the second device to switch to.23.The method of claim 22, further comprising:transmitting a frame indicating one or more first devices to update to a second NPCH; andswitching to the second NPCH.24.The method of any of claims 14 to 23, wherein the first frame is an acknowledgement frame, the method further comprises:transmitting a downlink PPDU; and the receiving a first frame comprises:receiving the first frame responsive to the downlink PPDU.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the first frame comprises a field indicating feedback of user information, and the feedback of user information indicates at least one of:a channel load of the first NPCH;at least one NPCH for the first device to switch to;a BSS color of an OBSS detected on the first NPCH;an OBSS bitmap of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH; orOBSS RSSI statistics of the OBSS detected on the first NPCH.26.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.27.A device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.28.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.29.A communication device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the communication device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.30.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 25.31.A computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.32.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25 when executed on a computer or a processor.33.A communication apparatus, comprising units for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.34.An electronic device comprising processing circuitry for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.35.A chip, comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installed with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.36.An electronic device, comprising:one or more processors; anda computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing instructions for execution by the processors, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processors, configure the electronic device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.37.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 25.38.A computer-readable medium carrying a program code which, when executed by a computer device, causes the computer device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25.39.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 25 when executed on a computer or a processor.