Pilot determination method, electronic device, and computer program product

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a pilot determination method, an electronic device, and a computer program product. The method comprises: determining a pilot position on the basis of transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information; generating a pilot signal on the basis of information comprising the pilot position; and sending the pilot signal to a second communication node. Therefore, at least the problem in the related art that the position of a pilot signal in a transport block is not clearly indicated can be solved.

Description

Pilot frequency determination methods, electronic devices, and computer program products

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This disclosure is based on and claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 2025103852124, filed on March 28, 2025, entitled “Method for Determining Pilot Frequency, Electronic Device and Computer Program Product”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a method for determining pilot signals, an electronic device, and a computer program product. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems typically use pilot signals (PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), and SS / PBCH Block (Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel Block)) to determine appropriate receiver synchronization, frequency synchronization, cell boundary tracking, intra-cell boundary tracking, and system measurements. Pilot signals can be transmitted continuously or at specific locations and repeated within a transmission period.

[0005] The pilot signals discussed in current relevant standards include preamble, midamble, and postamble. These pilot signals are mainly used to identify the start position of data, for channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO (Sample Frequency Offset) estimation, etc. However, the position indication of the pilot signal in the transport block is not clear. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides a method, electronic device, and computer program product for determining pilot signals, to at least solve the problem in the related art of unclear indication of the position of pilot signals in a transport block.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a method for determining a pilot signal is provided, applied to a first communication node, comprising: determining a pilot position based on transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information; generating a pilot signal based on information including the pilot position; and sending the pilot signal to a second communication node.

[0008] According to another embodiment of this disclosure, a method for determining a pilot signal is provided, applied to a second communication node, comprising: receiving a pilot signal sent by a first communication node, wherein the pilot signal is generated by the first communication node based on information including pilot position, and the pilot position is determined by the first communication node based on transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information.

[0009] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, wherein a computer program is stored therein, wherein the computer program is configured to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments when it is run.

[0010] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0011] According to yet another embodiment of this disclosure, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in any of the above method embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the mobile terminal operating in the embodiments of the method disclosed herein;

[0013] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method for determining pilot signals according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0014] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0015] Figure 4 is a second schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram eleven of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram thirteen of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram fourteen of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram fifteen of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram twenty-two of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure (Figure 29).

[0043] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 50 is a schematic diagram forty-eight of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 51 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 54 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Figure 55 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0067] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0069] Figure 58 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0070] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0071] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0072] Figure 61 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] Figure 62 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0074] Figure 63 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0075] Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0076] Figure 65 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] Figure 66 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0078] Figure 67 is a flowchart of a method for determining pilot frequencies according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0080] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0081] The method embodiments provided in this disclosure can be executed in a mobile terminal, computer terminal, or similar computing device. Taking running on a mobile terminal as an example, FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a mobile terminal running in the method embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in FIG1, the mobile terminal may include one or more (only one is shown in FIG1) processors 102 (processor 102 may include, but is not limited to, processing devices such as microprocessors MCUs or programmable logic devices FPGAs) and a memory 104 for storing data. The mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 for communication functions and an input / output device 108. Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in FIG1 is only illustrative and does not limit the structure of the mobile terminal. For example, the mobile terminal may also include more or fewer components than shown in FIG1, or have a different configuration than shown in FIG1.

[0082] The memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, such as application software programs and modules, like the computer program corresponding to the pilot determination method in this embodiment. The processor 102 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the computer program stored in the memory 104, thereby implementing the above-described method. The memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory. In some instances, the memory 104 may further include memory remotely located relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories can be connected to the mobile terminal via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0083] The transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network. Specific examples of the network described above may include a wireless network provided by the mobile terminal's communication provider. In one example, the transmission device 106 includes a Network Interface Controller (NIC), which can connect to other network devices via a base station to communicate with the Internet. In another example, the transmission device 106 may be a Radio Frequency (RF) module used for wireless communication with the Internet.

[0084] When a device needs charging, it receives a carrier wave (CW) for energy harvesting (EH) from a reader (which can also refer to a node or intermediate UE) to obtain the energy required for receiving and transmitting signals. In passive IoT technology, due to the limited energy harvesting, the corresponding tag devices are very simple. When the device transmits signals in a backscattered manner, it needs to use the carrier wave (CW) for backscattering sent by the reader to modulate the information to be transmitted onto the CW for transmission.

[0085] In NR (New Radio), the preamble is mainly used in the random access procedure and has the following main functions:

[0086] Achieve uplink synchronization: Help the UE (User Equipment) establish uplink synchronization with the gNB (The next generation Node B, base station) to ensure that the signals sent by the UE can be correctly received and understood by the base station.

[0087] Identifying UE identity: Although the pilot signal itself does not contain explicit UE identity information, it plays a role in identifying the UE during random access, enabling the base station to recognize that a UE is attempting to access the network.

[0088] Selection of auxiliary resources: Based on the time-frequency location of the received pilot and the pilot index, the gNB determines the location and related conditions of the UE, and then performs subsequent resource allocation and processing.

[0089] To adapt to different coverage scenarios: NR defines pilots in various formats, including long formats (e.g., format 0 / 1 / 2 / 3) and short formats (e.g., a1 / a2 / a3 / b1 / b2 / b3 / c0 / c2). Different pilots have different cyclic prefix lengths, preamble sequence lengths, guard interval lengths, and repetition counts, making them applicable to different coverage scenarios.

[0090] In RFID, a preamble typically refers to a specific code or sequence located at the beginning of a data packet. Its main functions include synchronization, helping the receiving device (e.g., a reader) synchronize with the transmitting signal (tag), ensuring the accuracy and timing consistency of data transmission; and identifying the start of a data packet, allowing the receiver to recognize the starting position of a new data packet. Additionally, preambles can be used for channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO (Sampling Frequency Offset) estimation.

[0091] In passive IoT communication, communication is involved between tags and readers, where the reader may be a base station or a user appliance (UE).

[0092] In passive IoT communication, the preamble functions similarly to the preamble code in RFID. It is a specific encoded sequence or code located at the beginning of a data packet, typically serving as the start of a data packet (data transmission block). Its main functions include synchronization, identifying the start of data, and also channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO estimation. This helps the receiver accurately identify and synchronize the start of data, thus correctly parsing subsequent data content. The preamble also has other names, such as preamble, preamble code, and preamble sequence.

[0093] An infix, characterized by having information bits before and after it, is typically located in the middle of a data packet (data transmission block) and is used for further channel estimation, interference estimation, and SFO estimation. This helps the receiver more accurately understand channel changes, thus more effectively combating interference and noise in the channel. In some cases, when the infix is ​​located close to the suffix or when there are no information bits following the infix, the infix functions similarly to the suffix. Infixes (midambles) also have other names, such as intermediate lead, intermediate lead code, and intermediate lead code sequence.

[0094] A postamble, characterized by information bits preceding the sequence, is typically located at the end of a data packet (data transmission block) and identifies the end of the data. This helps the receiver accurately identify the boundaries of the data packet, thus correctly ending data reception and processing. Besides identifying the end of data, postambles can also be used for other purposes, such as channel estimation, interference estimation, verifying data packet integrity, and performing synchronization adjustments. These functions contribute to improving the reliability and stability of communication systems. Postambles also have other names, such as postamble, postamble code, and postamble sequence.

[0095] This embodiment provides a method for determining pilot signals operating on the aforementioned mobile terminal or network architecture. Figure 2 is a flowchart of a method for determining pilot signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the method is applied to a first communication node, and the process includes the following steps:

[0096] Step S202: Determine the pilot position based on the transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information;

[0097] Step S204: Generate pilot signals based on information including pilot positions;

[0098] Step S206: Send pilot signal to the second communication node.

[0099] Through the above embodiments of this disclosure, the position of the pilot signal in the transport block is determined based on the transport block configuration information and the pilot configuration information, so as to achieve more effective channel estimation, interference estimation, etc., while ensuring the integrity and synchronization accuracy of the transport block. This can at least solve the problem of unclear indication of the position of the pilot signal in the transport block in related technologies.

[0100] Transport block configuration information refers to the basic unit of data transmission during communication, including the relevant parameter settings of the transport block, such as its size and time domain length. Pilot configuration information, on the other hand, involves the specific design of the pilot signals, such as their type, quantity, and spacing. By comprehensively considering these configuration information, the optimal position of the pilot signals can be intelligently determined, ensuring optimal signal detection and decoding performance under various communication conditions.

[0101] Furthermore, the transport block configuration information includes at least one of the following: the size of the transport block; a threshold value related to the size of the transport block; the time-domain length of the transport block; the number of chips in the transport block; and the number of repetitions of the transport block. The size of the transport block directly affects the data transmission capacity, while the threshold value is a key indicator used to determine when to increase the pilot density to ensure signal quality. The time-domain length and the number of chips reflect the temporal characteristics of the transport block and are crucial for determining the time-domain distribution of the pilot signal. The number of repetitions relates to data redundancy strategies, which helps in data recovery under harsh communication conditions.

[0102] Pilot configuration information includes at least one of the following: pilot type; number of pilots; pilot spacing; pilot period; pilot sequence length; pilot symbol length; pilot position; pilot position indicator; pilot start position; pilot position offset value; and the number of repetitions of the pilot sequence. The pilot type determines the structure of the pilot signal, the number and spacing affect the distribution density of the pilots throughout the transport block, and the period and length relate to the duration and intensity of the pilot signal. Flexible configuration of these parameters allows the pilot signal to better adapt to different channel conditions and communication requirements. For example, in high data rate transmission, increasing the number of pilots and decreasing the spacing can improve the accuracy of channel estimation, while in low signal-to-noise ratio environments, increasing the length of the pilot sequence can enhance the energy of the pilot signal, thereby improving the signal detection capability of the receiver.

[0103] In one embodiment of this disclosure, transport block configuration information and pilot configuration information are indicated by control information or determined through a predefined method. Control information is typically sent from the network side to the terminal, containing detailed instructions on how to configure transport blocks and pilots, such as the transport block size and pilot spacing. The predefined method is a set of parameter configuration schemes pre-defined at the protocol level, suitable for communication scenarios that do not require real-time adjustments. This design ensures communication flexibility, simplifies coordination between communication nodes, and reduces communication latency. Through control information or predefined methods, this solution enables automated and intelligent pilot configuration, ensuring rapid and accurate determination of pilot positions under any circumstances, thereby improving communication efficiency and user experience.

[0104] In one embodiment of this disclosure, step S202 may include one of the following methods: determining the pilot position using one of the following: the time-domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, the number of chips in the transport block, and the pilot interval; determining the pilot position using at least one of the following: the time-domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, and the number of chips in the transport block, and the number of pilots; determining the pilot position using at least one of the following: the time-domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, and the number of chips in the transport block, and the pilot interval; determining the pilot position using a pilot number indication and a pilot position indication; and determining the pilot position using a pilot interval indication and a pilot position indication. These methods reflect a multi-level and multi-dimensional consideration of pilot configuration, enabling a more reasonable layout of pilot signals, ensuring both signal detection and decoding performance, and minimizing the occupation of effective data transmission space. For example, when the size of the transport block increases, appropriately increasing the number of pilots and decreasing the pilot interval can improve the accuracy of channel estimation, and conversely, reduce the consumption of pilot resources. In this way, the solution can adaptively adjust the pilot configuration according to different transmission conditions, ensuring optimal communication performance in various communication environments. This adaptive pilot configuration mechanism can effectively improve communication quality and efficiency in applications including, but not limited to, video streaming, large file transfer, and real-time voice communication.

[0105] In one embodiment, determining the pilot position based on the time-domain length of the transport block includes: when the time-domain length of the transport block is less than a first threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block. When the time-domain length of the transport block is greater than or equal to the first threshold and less than or equal to a second threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block and another pilot's position within the transport block is determined according to a predefined value. When the time-domain length of the transport block is greater than the second threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block, and the positions of other pilots within the transport block are determined according to predefined values.

[0106] The first threshold value ranges from {40ms, 50ms, 60ms, 80ms}, and the second threshold value ranges from {100ms, 120ms, 150ms} (ms represents milliseconds, and so on below).

[0107] If the transport block size is 20 bits, 6 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (20+6)*2*2 / (15000) = 6.9ms, the first threshold value is 40ms, which is less than the first threshold value, and there is only one prefix.

[0108] If the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (96+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.0299 seconds, the first threshold value is 40ms, and there is only one prefix.

[0109] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, if the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.1109 seconds, the first threshold value is 40ms, the second threshold value is 100ms, and an infix is ​​placed at a predefined value of 50ms. If the time domain length of the transport block is greater than the second threshold, then the transport block has one prefix and two infixes.

[0110] If the transport block size is 20 bits, 6 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, with a bandwidth of 15kHz, and the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (20+6)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.0208ms. The first threshold value is 40ms, which is less than the first threshold value, so there is only one prefix.

[0111] If the transport block size is 96 bits, with 16 bits of CRC added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding at a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding at a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, with a bandwidth of 15kHz, and each chip duration of 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (96+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.0896 seconds. The first threshold value is 40ms, and the second threshold value is 100ms. The predefined default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0112] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 4, if the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (96+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.0896 seconds, the first threshold value is 40ms, the second threshold value is 100ms, and it is predefined that an infix is ​​placed in the last 10ms of the encoded transport block, then the transport block has a prefix and an infix.

[0113] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 5, if the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.3328 seconds, the first threshold value is 40ms, the second threshold value is 100ms, and an infix is ​​placed at a predefined value of 150ms. If the time domain length of the transport block is greater than the second threshold, then the transport block has one prefix and two infixes.

[0114] In one embodiment, determining the pilot position based on the transport block size includes: when the transport block size is less than a third threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block. When the transport block size is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than or equal to the fourth threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block and another pilot's position within the transport block is determined according to a predefined value. When the transport block size is greater than the fourth threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block, and the positions of other pilots within the transport block are determined according to predefined values.

[0115] The third threshold value ranges from {80, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300} to {1000, 1500, 2000}, and the unit is bits.

[0116] For example, if the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the encoded transport block size is 224 bits. The third threshold is 200 bits, and the fourth threshold is 1000 bits. The encoded transport block size is greater than the third threshold but less than the fourth threshold. The default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0117] For example, if the transport block size is 400 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the encoded transport block size is 832 bits. The third threshold is 200 bits, and the fourth threshold is 1000 bits. The encoded transport block size is greater than the third threshold but less than the fourth threshold. The default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0118] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6, the size of the transmission block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the size of the transmission block is 832 bits, the third threshold is 200 bits, and the fourth threshold is 1000 bits. The size of the transmission block after encoding is greater than the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold. It is predefined that an infix is ​​added to the last 100 bits of the encoded transmission block, so that the transmission block has a prefix and an infix.

[0119] For example, if the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the transport block size after encoding is 672 bits. The third threshold value is 200 bits, and the fourth threshold value is 1000 bits. The size of the transport block after encoding is greater than the third threshold value but less than the fourth threshold value. The default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0120] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, the size of the transmission block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the size of the transmission block is 2496 bits, the third threshold value is 200 bits, the fourth threshold value is 1000 bits, and the size of the transmission block after encoding is greater than the fourth threshold value. It is predefined that an infix is ​​placed every 1000 bits, so the transmission block has one prefix and two suffixes.

[0121] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, the size of the transmission block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the size of the transmission block is 2496 bits, the third threshold value is 300 bits, the fourth threshold value is 2000 bits, and the size of the transmission block after encoding is greater than the fourth threshold value. The pilot interval is predefined to be half of the size of the transmission block after encoding. Therefore, the transmission block has a prefix, an infix, and a suffix.

[0122] In one embodiment, determining the pilot position based on the number of chips in the transport block includes: when the number of chips in the transport block is less than a fifth threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block. When the number of chips in the transport block is greater than or equal to the fifth threshold and less than or equal to the sixth threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block and another pilot's position in the transport block is determined according to a predefined value. When the number of chips in the transport block is greater than the sixth threshold, one pilot is located at the beginning of the transport block, and the positions of other pilots in the transport block are determined according to predefined values.

[0123] The fifth threshold value ranges from {80, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300} to {1000, 1500, 2000}, and the unit is chips.

[0124] For example, if the transport block size is 96 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the encoded transport block size is 224 chips. The third threshold is 200 chips, and the fourth threshold is 1000 chips. The encoded transport block size is greater than the third threshold but less than the fourth threshold. The default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0125] For example, if the transport block size is 400 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the encoded transport block size is 832 chips. The third threshold is 200 chips, and the fourth threshold is 1000 chips. The encoded transport block size is greater than the third threshold but less than the fourth threshold. The default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0126] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, the size of the transmission block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The size of the transmission block after encoding is 832 chips, the third threshold is 200 chips, and the fourth threshold is 1000 chips. The size of the transmission block after encoding is greater than the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold. It is predefined that an infix is ​​added at the last 100 chips of the encoded transmission block, so that the transmission block has a prefix and an infix.

[0127] For example, if the transport block size is 96 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the transport block size after encoding is 672 chips. The third threshold is 200 chips, and the fourth threshold is 1000 chips. The size of the transport block after encoding is greater than the third threshold but less than the fourth threshold. The default is to add a suffix at the end of the transport block, so the transport block has a prefix and a suffix.

[0128] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, the size of the transport block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the size of the transport block is 2496 chips, the third threshold value is 200 chips, and the fourth threshold value is 1000 chips. The size of the transport block after encoding is greater than the fourth threshold value. It is predefined that an infix is ​​placed every 1000 chips, so the transport block has one prefix and two suffixes.

[0129] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, the size of the transmission block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the size of the transmission block is 2496 chips, the third threshold value is 300 chips, the fourth threshold value is 2000 chips, and the size of the transmission block after encoding is greater than the fourth threshold value. The pilot interval is predefined to be half of the encoded transmission block, so the transmission block has a prefix, an infix, and a suffix.

[0130] In one embodiment, determining the pilot position based on the number of repetitions of the transmission block includes: placing a prefix at the beginning of the transmission block and a suffix at the end of the transmission block, based on the number of repetitions of the transmission block.

[0131] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, if the size of the transmission block is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the size of the transmission block after encoding is 672 bits, and the number of repetitions is 2. According to the number of repetitions, a suffix is ​​added at the end position of the transmission block.

[0132] Based on the number of times the transport block is repeated, a prefix is ​​placed at the beginning of the transport block and an infix is ​​placed at the end of the transport block. The last infix can be used as a suffix.

[0133] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 13, if the transport block size is 20 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, and the transport block size becomes 40 bits. The number of repetitions of the transport block is 2. Two infixes are inserted according to the number of repetitions of 2, and the last infix can be used as a suffix.

[0134] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 14, if the transport block size is 20 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the transport block size becomes 40 bits, the number of repetitions of the transport block is 2, and 2 suffixes are inserted according to the number of repetitions of 2.

[0135] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 15, if the size of the transmission block is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the size of the transmission block after encoding is 672 bits, and the number of repetitions is 2. According to the number of repetitions, an infix is ​​added at the end position of the transmission block, and the last infix can be used as a suffix.

[0136] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the pilot interval. The pilot interval may also be called the pilot period, and can be represented by the number of chips, the number of bits after convolutional coding, the number of bits before convolutional coding, the number of bits before Manchester coding (before square wave mapping), or chip duration. When using chips as the unit, the interval must be an integer number of Manchester codewords * R, or an integer number of square waves * R, where R is a positive integer, R = 1, or R is a small frequency shift coefficient (R is a small frequency shift coefficient representing the number of times the Manchester codeword / square wave repeats within one bit time).

[0137] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 16, if the size of the transport block is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the size of the transport block after encoding is 672 bits, and the pilot interval is 500 bits, then the transport block has a prefix and an insuffix.

[0138] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the number of pilots and the time-domain length of the transport block. Specifically, it is determined based on the time-domain length S of the transport block and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, obtained using the pilot interval value = floor(S / n). When the data transmission block is 96 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, the bandwidth is 15kHz, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The duration per chip is 2 / (15000)≈133.33 microseconds. After encoding, the time-domain length of the transport block is (96+16)*2*2 / (15000)≈0.0299 seconds, and the number of pilots is 1, indicating the number of pilots other than the prefix. The pilot interval value = floor((0.0299 / 1)=0.0299 seconds). An infix or suffix is ​​added at the end of the transport block. Here, the midamble position overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0139] The following specific embodiment illustrates how to determine the pilot position based on the number of pilots and the size of the transport block.

[0140] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is determined based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, calculated using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). When the data transport block is 96 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of infixes is 1, and the pilot spacing value for the infix is ​​floor((96 / 1) = 96 bits). Here, the midamble position overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0141] In one embodiment, the data transmission block size L and the number of pilots n are used, where n refers to the number of infixes, obtained by calculating the pilot spacing as floor(L / n). When the data transmission block is 96 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, resulting in a data transmission block of 192 bits. The number of infixes is 1, and the pilot spacing for the infix is ​​floor((192 / 1) = 192 bits). Here, the midamble position overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0142] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is determined based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, calculated using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). When the data transport block is 400 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of infixes is 1, and the pilot spacing value for the infix is ​​floor((400 / 1) = 400 bits). Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the position of the postamble and can be used as a postamble.

[0143] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is calculated based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 17, when the data transport block is 400 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of infixes is 2, and the pilot spacing value of the infixes = floor((400 / 2) = 200 bits). Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0144] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is determined based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, and is obtained by calculating the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 18, when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of infixes is 3, and the pilot spacing value of the infixes = floor((1000 / 3) = 333 bits).

[0145] As shown in Figure 18, the data bit after the last midamble is only 1 bit. Therefore, the last midamble can be placed directly at the end of the data and used as a postamble.

[0146] A threshold can be set, for example, the threshold is less than 10 bits. If the absolute value of the difference between the last midamble insertion position and the length of the data transmission block is less than the threshold, the last midamble can be inserted at the end of the data.

[0147] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is determined based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, and is obtained by calculating the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 19, when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of infixes is 4, and the pilot spacing value of the infixes = floor((1000 / 4) = 250 bits).

[0148] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is calculated based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, obtained using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). When the data transport block is 400 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, resulting in a transport block size of 800 bits and a number of infixes of 1. The pilot spacing value for the infix is ​​floor((400 / (1 / 2) / 1) = 800 bits). Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the position of the postamble and can be used as a postamble.

[0149] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is calculated based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 20, when the data transmission block is 400 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the transport block size is 800 bits, the number of infixes is 2, and the pilot spacing value of the infixes = floor((400 / (1 / 2) / 2) = 400 bits). Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0150] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is calculated based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 21, when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the transport block size is 2000 bits, the number of infixes is 3, and the pilot spacing value of the infixes = floor((1000 / (1 / 2) / 3) = 666 bits).

[0151] As shown in Figure 21, the data bits after the last midamble are only 2 bits. Therefore, the last midamble can be placed directly at the end of the data and used as a postamble.

[0152] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing is calculated based on the transport block size L and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes, using the pilot spacing value = floor(L / n). Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 22, when the data transmission block is 1000 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the transport block size is 2000 bits, the number of infixes is 4, and the pilot spacing value of the infixes = floor((1000 / (1 / 2) / 4) = 500 bits). The position of the last midamble here overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0153] The pilot interval is determined based on the transport block size, the number of pilots, and the offset value (if the offset value is 0, it is determined based on the transport block size and the number of pilots in the same way as above; the offset value here is a predefined value or a signaling indication):

[0154] When using signaling to indicate the offset value, 1 bit of signaling can be used to indicate whether the offset value exists. 1 indicates that the offset value exists, and 0 indicates that the offset value does not exist. The size of the offset value can be a predefined value.

[0155] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the pre-encoding transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0156] When the data transmission block L is 96 bits, it is not encoded, the pilot type is prefix and infix, the offset value x is 10, the number of infixes is 1, and the pilot interval value = floor((96-10) / 1) = 86 bits.

[0157] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 23, the offset value x indicates the offset value of the data transmission block end position as the starting point.

[0158] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram twenty-two of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 24, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point. Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0159] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the pre-encoding transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0160] When the data transmission block L is 400 bits, no encoding is performed, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 1, and the pilot interval value = floor((400-100) / 1) = 300 bits.

[0161] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 25, the offset value x indicates the offset value from the end position of the data transmission block to the starting point.

[0162] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 26, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point, the position of the last midamble here overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0163] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the pre-encoding transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0164] When the data transmission block L is 400 bits, no encoding is performed, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 2, and the pilot interval value = floor((400-100) / 2) = 150 bits.

[0165] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 27, the offset value x indicates the offset value from the end position of the data transmission block to the starting point.

[0166] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 28, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point, the position of the last midamble here overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0167] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the pre-encoding transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0168] When the data transmission block L is 1000 bits, no encoding is performed, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 3, and the pilot interval value = floor((1000-100) / 3) = 300 bits.

[0169] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 29, the offset value x indicates the offset value from the end position of the data transmission block to the starting point.

[0170] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram 28 of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 30, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point. Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0171] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the pre-encoding transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0172] When the data transmission block L is 400 bits, no encoding is performed, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 4, and the pilot interval value = floor((1000-100) / 4) = 225 bits.

[0173] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 31, the offset value x indicates the offset value from the end position of the data transmission block to the starting point.

[0174] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 32, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point, the position of the last midamble here overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0175] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the encoded transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0176] The data transmission block is 96 bits, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The data transmission block L is 192 bits, the offset value x is 10, the number of infixes is 1, and the pilot interval value = floor((192-10) / 1) = 182 bits.

[0177] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 33, the offset value x indicates the offset value of the end position of the data transmission block.

[0178] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 34, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point, the position of the last midamble here overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0179] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the encoded transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0180] The data transmission block is 400 bits, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The data transmission block L is 800 bits, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 1, and the pilot interval value = floor((800-100) / 1) = 700 bits.

[0181] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 35, the offset value x indicates the offset value of the end position of the data transmission block.

[0182] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 36, if the offset value x refers to the offset value with the start position of the data transmission block as the starting point, the position of the last midamble here overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0183] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the encoded transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0184] The data transmission block is 400 bits, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The data transmission block L is 800 bits, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 2, and the pilot interval value = floor((800-100) / 2) = 350 bits.

[0185] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 37, if the offset value x indicates the offset value of the end position of the data transmission block.

[0186] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 38, if the offset value x indicates the offset value of the start position of the data transmission block. Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0187] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the encoded transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0188] The data transmission block is 1000 bits, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The data transmission block L is 2000 bits, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 3, the pilot interval value = floor((2000-100) / 3) = 633 bits, and the interval between the second midamble and the third midamble is the pilot interval value plus 1.

[0189] Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 39, the offset value x indicates the offset value of the end position of the data transmission block.

[0190] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 40, if the offset value x indicates the offset value of the start position of the data transmission block. Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble. The interval between the second and third midambles is the pilot interval value plus 1.

[0191] In one embodiment, the pilot interval is obtained based on the encoded transport block size L, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval value = floor((Lx) / n), indicating that the first (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the data transmission block are divided into n equal parts, where x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

[0192] The data transmission block is 1000 bits, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. The data transmission block L is 2000 bits, the offset value x is 100, the number of infixes is 4, and the pilot interval value = floor((2000-100) / 4) = 475 bits.

[0193] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 41, the offset value x indicates the offset value of the end position of the data transmission block.

[0194] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 42, if the offset value x indicates the offset value of the start position of the data transmission block. Here, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0195] The following specific examples illustrate how to determine the pilot position based on the number of pilots, the size of the transport block, and the number of repetitions of the transport block.

[0196] If the data transmission block is 96 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the transmission block size is 242 bits, the number of pilots is 2 (excluding the prefix), and the repetition count is 2. The transmission block is repeated based on the repetition count of 2, resulting in a transmission block size of 484 bits. Pilots are then inserted based on the repetition count of 2. The position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0197] If the data transmission block is 96 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the transmission block size is 242 bits, the number of pilots is 3 (the number of pilots refers to the number of pilots other than the prefix), and the repetition count is 2. The transmission block is repeated according to the repetition count of 2. After repetition, the transmission block size is 484 bits. The repeated transmission block is divided into 3 equal parts. The position of the last midamble overlaps with the position of the postamble and can be used as a postamble.

[0198] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the number of pilots and the number of chips in the transport block. Specifically, it is determined based on the number of transport block chips P and the number of pilots n, where n refers to the number of infixes and P is in chips, using the pilot interval value = floor(P / n). Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 43, when the data transmission block is 400 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the number of transport block chips is 832, the number of pilots is 2, and the pilot interval value = floor((832 / 2) = 416). The position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble.

[0199] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the number of pilots, the number of chips in the transport block, and the number of repetitions of the transport block. Specifically, if the data transmission block is 400 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed. After encoding, the transport block size is 832, the number of pilots is 3 (excluding the prefix), and the number of repetitions is 2. The transport block is repeated according to the repetition count of 2, resulting in a transport block size of 1664. The repeated transport block is divided into 3 equal parts. Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 44, the position of the last midamble overlaps with the postamble position and can be used as a postamble. Alternatively, the repeated transport block can be divided into 4 equal parts.

[0200] The pilot spacing is determined by at least one of the following: the time-domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, and the number of chips in the transport block.

[0201] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the pilot interval and the time domain length of the transport block. Specifically, if the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the size of the transport block after encoding is 672 chips, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration per chip is 2 / (15000)≈133.33 microseconds, the time domain length of the transport block after encoding is (96+16)*6*2 / (15000)≈0.0896 seconds, and the pilot interval is 0.06 seconds, then a prefix and an infix are inserted into the transport block.

[0202] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the pilot interval and the transport block size. Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 45, if the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the transport block size after encoding is 672 bits, and the pilot interval is 560 bits. Then, a prefix and an infix are inserted into the transport block. If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the transport block size after encoding is 2496 bits, and the pilot interval is 900 bits. Then, a prefix and two infixes are inserted into the transport block.

[0203] The final data block size above is 696 bits. A threshold value can be set, for example, the first specified value is 200 bits. When dividing the transmission block according to the pilot interval, if the size of the last remaining transmission block is greater than the threshold value (the first specified value), a midamble is added at the end of the transmission block.

[0204] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 46, if the size of the transport block is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the size of the transport block after encoding is 2496 bits, and the pilot interval is 830 bits, then a prefix and two infixes are inserted into the transport block.

[0205] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 47, the last data block size is only 6 bits. A threshold can be set, for example, the threshold size is 20 bits. When the transmission block is divided according to the pilot interval, the size of the last remaining transmission block is less than the threshold value, and the last midamble is moved to the last position of the transmission block.

[0206] The last midamble can be used as a postamble.

[0207] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the pilot interval, the transport block size, and the number of repetitions of the transport block. Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 48, if the transport block size is 96 bits and is not encoded, the number of repetitions of the transport block is 2, and the pilot interval value is 80 bits, then a prefix and an infix are inserted into the transport block. The infix is ​​located after 80 bits of the transport block. The transport block after inserting the prefix and infix is ​​repeated according to the number of repetitions of the transport block, which is 2.

[0208] Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 49, if the transport block size is 96 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of repetitions of the transport block is 2, and the pilot interval value is 96 bits, then a prefix and a suffix are inserted into the transport block. The suffix is ​​located after 96 bits of the transport block. The transport block after inserting the prefix and suffix is ​​repeated according to the number of repetitions of the transport block, which is 2.

[0209] At this point, the repeated preamble is adjacent to the original postamble, which may be somewhat redundant in terms of functionality. To reduce overhead, the repeating is changed to use transport blocks and suffixes.

[0210] Figure 50 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 50, if the transmission block size is 96 bits, no encoding is performed, the number of repetitions of the transmission block is 2, and the pilot interval value is 96 bits, then a prefix and an infix are inserted into the transmission block. The infix is ​​located after 96 bits of the transmission block. The transmission block after inserting the prefix and infix is ​​repeated according to the number of repetitions of the transmission block, which is 2.

[0211] In Figure 50, the position of the midamble overlaps with that of the postamble, so it can be used as a postamble. In this case, the repeated preamble is adjacent to the original midamble, which may be somewhat redundant in terms of functionality. To reduce overhead, it is changed to repeating the transport block and the suffix.

[0212] If the transport block size is 96 bits and it is uncoded, the transport block is repeated 2 times. After repetition, the transport block size becomes 192 bits and the pilot interval is 120. Pilots are inserted according to the size of the repeated transport block.

[0213] Figure 51 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 51, if the transmission block size is 400 bits, FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the number of repetitions of the transmission block is 2, the pilot interval is 1180, and the pilot is inserted according to the pilot interval before repetition.

[0214] Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 52, after inserting the pilot, the final transmission block size is 40 bits. A threshold value is set, for example, the second specified value is 100 bits. If the final transmission block size is less than the second specified value, the last midamble can be moved to the end position of the transmission block.

[0215] The last midamble of a transport block can be used as a postamble.

[0216] In one embodiment, the pilot position is determined based on the pilot interval, the number of chips in the transport block, and the number of repetitions of the transport block. Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 53, if the transport block size is 96 bits, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the number of repetitions of the transport block is 2, and the number of pilots is 1 (the number of pilots excluding the prefix), and the pilot interval is 120 chips, then a prefix and an infix are inserted into the transport block. The infix is ​​located at 120 chips of the transport block. The transport block after inserting the prefix and infix is ​​repeated according to the number of repetitions of the transport block, which is 2.

[0217] Figure 54 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 54, if the transport block size is 96 bits, Manchester coding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the number of repetitions of the transport block is 2, and the number of pilots is 1. Here, the number of pilots is the number of pilots other than the prefix. After the transport block is repeated, the transport block size becomes 384 bits. Pilots are inserted according to the size of the repeated transport block, and the pilot interval value is 120 bits.

[0218] The following example illustrates how to determine the pilot position using the number of pilots and the pilot position indication.

[0219] If independent signaling is indicated, the pilot position indication is as shown in Table 1.

[0220] Table 1

[0221] The number of pilot signals is indicated in Table 2.

[0222] Table 2

[0223] Figure 55 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 55, the transmission block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the transmission block size is 2496 bits, the pilot quantity signaling indication is 10, the pilot quantity is 2, the pilot quantity does not include the prefix, the pilot position indication is 0, corresponding to no suffix, and the encoded transmission block is divided into three equal parts according to the pilot quantity of 2 and the no suffix information, and a prefix and two infixes are inserted.

[0224] The pilot position indicators are shown in Table 3.

[0225] Table 3

[0226] The number of pilot signals is indicated in Table 4.

[0227] Table 4

[0228] The transport block size is 400 bits. A 16-bit CRC is added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the transport block size is 2496 bits. The pilot quantity signaling indicator is 10, the pilot quantity is 2, the pilot quantity does not include the prefix, the pilot position indicator is 1, and there is a corresponding suffix. Based on the pilot quantity of 3, the encoded transport block is divided into two equal parts, and a prefix, an infix and a suffix are inserted.

[0229] If the joint coding signaling instruction is as shown in Table 5.

[0230] Table 5

[0231] The transport block size is 1000 bits. A 16-bit CRC is added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed. After encoding, the transport block size is 6096 bits, the signaling indicator is 110, the corresponding number of pilots is 3, and there is a suffix. The number of pilots does not include the prefix. Based on the number of pilots of 3 and the presence of suffix information, the encoded transport block is divided into three equal parts, and a prefix, two infixes and one suffix are inserted.

[0232] The following example illustrates how to determine the pilot position using pilot spacing and pilot position indication.

[0233] If independent signaling is indicated, the pilot position indication is shown in Table 6.

[0234] Table 6

[0235] Pilot spacing indication, the pilot spacing 3-bit signaling indication, is shown in Table 7.

[0236] Table 7

[0237] The transport block size is 400 bits, with a 16-bit CRC added. It is encoded with FEC (Forward Error Correction) at a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding at a code rate of 1 / 2. The bandwidth is 15kHz, and the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds. After encoding, the transport block size is 2496 bits, the pilot interval indication is 101, which is 160ms, corresponding to a chip count of 1200. The pilot position indication is 0, which corresponds to no suffix. Based on the pilot interval, the number of infixes is determined to be floor(2496 / 1200) = 2, and one prefix and two infixes are inserted.

[0238] If the joint encoding instructions are as shown in Table 8.

[0239] Table 8

[0240] The transport block size is 400 bits, with a 16-bit CRC added. It is encoded with FEC (Forward Error Correction) at a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding at a code rate of 1 / 2. The bandwidth is 15kHz, and the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds. After encoding, the transport block size is 2496 bits, the signaling indication is 1000, the corresponding pilot interval is 140ms, there is no suffix, and the corresponding chip quantity is 1050. Based on the pilot interval, the number of infixes is determined to be floor(2496 / 1050) = 2, and one prefix and two infixes are inserted.

[0241] In this embodiment, the pilot interval value in the pilot configuration information includes one of the following: a proportion based on a predefined transport block; a proportion based on a transport block indicated by signaling; or an absolute value based on a signaling indication.

[0242] In one embodiment, it is based on a predefined percentage (i.e., ratio) of transport blocks.

[0243] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 56, the known transport block size is L bits, the predefined value is 50%, the pilot interval is 0.5*L, and the number of pilots excluding the prefix is ​​n = floor(L / (0.5*L)) = 2. An infix is ​​placed at 50% of the transport block, and a suffix is ​​placed at the end of the transport block.

[0244] Given a transport block size of L bits, a predefined value of 40%, a pilot spacing of 0.4*L, and the number of pilots excluding the prefix, n = floor(L / (0.4*L)) = 2, place an infix at 40% of the transport block and another infix at 80% of the transport block.

[0245] Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 57, the transmission block size is known to be L bits, the number of pilots is n, n is the number of pilots other than the prefix, n is a positive integer approximately equal to 1, the predefined value is 1 / n, the pilot interval is L*(1 / n), an infix is ​​placed at 1 / n of the transmission block, and so on.

[0246] Given a transport block size of L bits, a predefined value of 1 / n, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and a pilot spacing of L*(1 / n), where n can also be the number of pilots excluding the prefix.

[0247] Figure 58 is a schematic diagram of the pilot positions according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 58, n=3, an infix is ​​placed at 1 / 3 of the transmission block, an infix is ​​placed at 2 / 3 of the transmission block, and a suffix is ​​placed at the end of the transmission block.

[0248] The postamble above can also be a midamble; the last midamble can be used as a postamble.

[0249] Given that the transport block size is L bits, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 with a predefined value of (n-1) / n, and the pilot spacing is L*((n-1) / n).

[0250] For example, if n=4, place an infix at 3 / 4 of the transport block.

[0251] When n=6, place an infix at the 5 / 6 mark of the transport block.

[0252] In one embodiment, the percentage of transport blocks indicated by signaling is based on a fusion of 1 / n and (n-1) / n, where n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0253] The 1-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 9.

[0254] Table 9

[0255] If the transport block size is known to be L bits, the indicator signaling is 1, which corresponds to 3 / 4, and the pilot interval is 3 / 4*L.

[0256] The 2-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 10.

[0257] Table 10

[0258] If the transport block size is known to be L bits, the indicator signaling is 11, corresponding to 4 / 5, and the pilot interval is 4 / 5*L.

[0259] In one embodiment, the signaling indication is based on the absolute value of the signaling indication, based on the time domain length (1 bit signaling) as shown in Table 11.

[0260] Table 11

[0261] If the transport block size is 96 bits, with 16 bits of CRC added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, and the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (96+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.0299 seconds, the indicator signaling is 0, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 50ms, then the transport block has only one prefix.

[0262] If the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration after transport block encoding is (96+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.0896 seconds, the indicator signaling is 0, corresponding to a pilot interval of 50ms, then an infix is ​​inserted after floor(0.05 / 0.0896)*(96+16)*6 = 375 bits after transport block encoding.

[0263] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.1109 seconds, the indicator signaling is 1, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 100ms, and the corresponding floor(0.1 / 0.1109)*(400+16)*2 = 750 bits.

[0264] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 59, if the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.3328 seconds, the indication signaling is 1, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 100ms, and a floor of (0.1 / 0.3328)*(400+16)*6 = 750 bits.

[0265] Alternatively, the bit signaling indication is shown in Table 12.

[0266] Table 12

[0267] If the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration after transport block encoding is (96+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.0896 seconds, the indicator signaling is 0, corresponding to a pilot interval of 80ms, then an infix is ​​inserted after the floor(0.08 / 0.0896)*(96+16)*6 = 600 bits after transport block encoding.

[0268] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.1109 seconds, the indicator signaling is 0, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 80ms, and a floor of (0.08 / 0.1109)*(400+16)*2 = 600 bits.

[0269] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 60, if the transport block size is 1000 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (1000+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.2709 seconds, the indication signaling is 0, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 80ms, corresponding to floor(0.08 / 0.2709)*(1000+16)*2 = 600 bits.

[0270] Figure 62 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 61, if the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.3328 seconds, the indication signaling is 1, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 160ms, and a floor of (0.16 / 0.3328)*(400+16)*6 = 1200 bits.

[0271] Based on the time domain length (2-bit signaling), a signaling indication method is shown in Table 13.

[0272] Table 13

[0273] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.1109 seconds, the indicator signaling is 00, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 50ms, and a floor of (0.05 / 0.0896)*(400+16)*6 = 375 bits.

[0274] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.3328 seconds, the indication signaling is 10, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 150ms, and a floor of (0.15 / 0.0896)*(400+16)*6 = 1125 bits.

[0275] Another signaling indication method is shown in Table 14.

[0276] Table 14

[0277] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (400+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.3328 seconds, the indication signaling is 10, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 120ms, and a floor of (0.12 / 0.0896)*(400+16)*6 = 900 bits.

[0278] Based on the time domain length (3-bit signaling), one signaling indication method is shown in Table 15.

[0279] Table 15

[0280] If the transport block size is 1000 bits, with 16 bits of CRC added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, a bandwidth of 15kHz, and a chip duration of 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration after transport block encoding is (1000+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.2709 seconds. The indicator signaling is 111, corresponding to a pilot interval of 200ms, and a floor of (0.2 / 0.2709)*(1000+16)*6 = 1500 bits.

[0281] Figure 62 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 62, if the transport block size is 1000 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (1000+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.8128 seconds, the indication signaling is 110, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 180ms, corresponding to floor(0.2 / 0.8128)*(1000+16)*6 = 1350 bits.

[0282] Another signaling indication method is shown in Table 16.

[0283] Table 16

[0284] In the table, the time domain lengths corresponding to 000, 010, 100, and 110 are 50ms, 100ms, 150ms, and 200ms, respectively, with an interval of 50ms; the time domain lengths corresponding to 001, 011, 101, and 111 are 60ms, 120ms, 180ms, and 240ms, respectively, with an interval of 60ms.

[0285] If the transport block size is 1000 bits, with 16 bits of CRC added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2, a bandwidth of 15kHz, and a chip duration of 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration after transport block encoding is (1000+16)*2*2 / (15000) = 0.2709 seconds. The indicator signaling is 111, corresponding to a pilot interval of 240ms, and a floor of (0.24 / 0.2709)*(1000+16)*6 = 1800 bits.

[0286] Figure 63 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 63, if the transport block size is 1000 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration of the transport block after encoding is (1000+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.8128 seconds, the indication signaling is 110, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 200ms, corresponding to floor(0.2 / 0.8128)*(1000+16)*6 = 1500 bits.

[0287] Based on the number of chips (1 bit signaling), one signaling indication method is shown in Table 17.

[0288] Table 17

[0289] If the transport block size is 96 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 0, and the corresponding pilot interval is 375 chips, then the transport block has only one prefix.

[0290] If the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the total duration after transport block encoding is (96+16)*6*2 / (15000) = 0.0896 seconds, the indicator signaling is 0, corresponding to a pilot interval of 50ms, then an infix is ​​inserted after 375 chips after transport block encoding.

[0291] If the transport block size is 400 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 1, corresponding to a pilot interval of 750 chips, then an infix is ​​inserted after the 750 chips of the transport block encoding.

[0292] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 1, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 750 chips.

[0293] Alternatively, another signaling indication method is shown in Table 18.

[0294] Table 18

[0295] If the transport block size is 96 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 0, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 600 chips. Then, an infix is ​​inserted 600 chips after the transport block encoding.

[0296] If the transport block size is 400 bits, a 16-bit CRC is added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 0, and the corresponding pilot interval is 600 chips, then an infix is ​​inserted after 600 chips of transport block encoding.

[0297] If the transport block size is 1000 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 0, and the corresponding pilot interval is 600 chips.

[0298] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 1, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 1200 chips.

[0299] Based on the number of chips (2-bit signaling), one signaling indication method is shown in Table 19.

[0300] Table 19

[0301] Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 64, if the transmission block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indication signaling is 00, and the corresponding pilot interval is 375 chips.

[0302] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 10, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 1125 chips.

[0303] Alternatively, a signaling instruction method is shown in Table 20.

[0304] Table 20

[0305] If the transport block size is 400 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the duration of each chip is 2 / (15000) = 133.33 microseconds, the indicator signaling is 10, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 900 chips.

[0306] Based on the number of chips (taking 3-bit signaling as an example), one signaling indication method is shown in Table 21.

[0307] Table 21

[0308] Alternatively, another signaling instruction method is shown in Table 22.

[0309] Table 22

[0310] In Table 22, the chip counts corresponding to 000, 010, 100, and 110 are 375 chips, 750 chips, 1125 chips, and 1500 chips, respectively, with an interval of 375 chips; the time domain lengths corresponding to 001, 011, 101, and 111 are 450 chips, 900 chips, 1350 chips, and 1800 chips, respectively, with an interval of 450 chips.

[0311] Figure 65 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 65, if the transport block size is 1000 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 is performed, the bandwidth is 15kHz, the total number of chips after the transport block is encoded is (1000+16)*2=2032, the indication signaling is 011, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 900 chips.

[0312] Figure 66 is a schematic diagram of the pilot position according to an optional embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 66, if the transport block size is 1000 bits, 16 bits of CRC are added, and FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding with a code rate of 1 / 3 and Manchester encoding with a code rate of 1 / 2 are performed, with a bandwidth of 15kHz, the total number of chips after transport block encoding is (1000+16)*6=6096, the indication signaling is 110, which corresponds to a pilot interval of 1500 chips.

[0313] Signaling indication of pilot length:

[0314] Since the m-sequence generates only sequences of odd length, such as 7, 15, 31, 63, and 127, it needs to be padded to become an even length, for example, by padding with zeros.

[0315] The default pilot is not encoded. The 1-bit signaling indication is shown in any of the tables 23 to 29. The prefix, infix, and suffix are combined and have the same length.

[0316] Table 23

[0317] Table 24

[0318] Table 25

[0319] Table 26

[0320] Table 27

[0321] Table 28

[0322] Table 29

[0323] The default pilot is not encoded. The 2-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 30 or 31. The prefix, infix, and suffix are combined and have the same length.

[0324] Table 30

[0325] Table 31

[0326] The default pilot is not encoded. The 3-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 32. The prefix, infix, and suffix are combined and have the same length.

[0327] Table 32

[0328] The default pilot is not encoded. It has a 2-bit signaling indicator, a 2-bit signaling indicator for the infix and suffix lengths, and the infix and suffix lengths are the same. The 2-bit signaling indicator for the prefix length is shown in Table 33.

[0329] Table 33

[0330] The length of the / suffix in the 2-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 34.

[0331] Table 34

[0332] Alternatively, the 2-bit signaling indication prefix length is shown in Table 35.

[0333] Table 35

[0334] The length of the / suffix in the 2-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 36.

[0335] Table 36

[0336] If the pilot signal is to indicate whether it has been encoded, a 3-bit signaling indicator is used, combining the prefix, infix, and suffix indicators, with the same pilot length. The 3-bit signaling indicator is shown in Table 37.

[0337] Table 37

[0338] Alternatively, a 3-bit signaling instruction may be provided as shown in Table 38.

[0339] Table 38

[0340] If the pilot signal is to indicate whether an encoding operation has been performed, a 3-bit signaling indicator prefix and a 3-bit indicator infix / suffix are used. The 3-bit signaling indicator prefix is ​​shown in Table 39.

[0341] Table 39

[0342] The / suffix in the 3-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 40.

[0343] Table 40

[0344] Alternatively, a 3-bit signaling indication prefix may be used, as shown in Table 41.

[0345] Table 41

[0346] The / suffix in the 3-bit signaling indication is shown in Table 42.

[0347] Table 42

[0348] Joint indication of pilot number and pilot length:

[0349] In the examples below, the pilot number also refers to the number of pilots excluding the prefix.

[0350] The pilot length is N1, the pilot number is the first value M1, the pilot length is N1, the pilot number is the second value M2, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the third value M3, the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fourth value M4. Here, N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, and M4 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number is 0 or 1.

[0351] For example, as shown in Table 43, 2-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots. There are a total of 4 cases, with pilots of lengths N1 and N2. When the length is N1, the pilot number can take two values, namely 0 and 1. When the length is N2, the pilot number can also take two values, namely 0 and 1. When N1 = 32 and N2 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, and the fourth value M4 is 1.

[0352] Table 43

[0353] As shown in Table 44, when N1 = 8 and N2 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, and the fourth value M4 is 1.

[0354] Table 44

[0355] The pilot length is N1, the pilot number is the first value M1, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the second value M2, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the third value M3, the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fourth value M4. Here, N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, and M4 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number is 0 or 1.

[0356] For example, as shown in Table 45, 2-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots. There are a total of 4 cases, with pilots of lengths N1 and N2. When the length is N1, the corresponding pilot number can take one value, which is 0. When the length is N2, the corresponding pilot number can take three values, which are 0, 1, and 2. When N1 = 32 and N2 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 0, the third value M3 is 1, and the fourth value M4 is 2.

[0357] Table 45

[0358] As shown in Table 46, when N1 = 8 and N2 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 0, the third value M3 is 1, and the fourth value M4 is 2.

[0359] Table 46

[0360] The pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the first value M1; the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the second value M2; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the third value M3; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fourth value M4; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fifth value M5; the pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the sixth value M6; the pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the seventh value M7; the pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the eighth value M8. Here, N1, N2, and N3 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number is 0 or 1.

[0361] For example, as shown in Table 47, 3-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots. There are a total of 8 cases, with three pilot lengths: N1, N2, and N3. For length N1, the pilot number can take two values: 0 and 1. For length N2, the pilot number can take three values: 0, 1, and 2. For length N3, the pilot number can take three values: 0, 1, and 2. When N1 = 8, N2 = 16, and N3 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, the fourth value M4 is 1, the fifth value M5 is 2, the sixth value M6 is 0, the seventh value M7 is 1, and the eighth value M8 is 2.

[0362] Table 47

[0363] The 3-bit signaling is shown in Table 48. When N1 = 16, N2 = 32, and N3 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, the fourth value M4 is 1, the fifth value M5 is 2, the sixth value M6 is 0, the seventh value M7 is 1, and the eighth value M8 is 2.

[0364] Table 48

[0365] The pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the first value M1; the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the second value M2; the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the third value M3; the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the fourth value M4; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fifth value M5; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the sixth value M6; the pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the seventh value M7; the pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the eighth value M8. Here, N1, N2, and N3 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number is 0 or 1.

[0366] For example, as shown in Table 49, 3-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots. There are a total of 8 cases, with three pilot lengths: N1, N2, and N3. For length N1, the pilot number can take 4 values: 0, 1, 2, and 3. For length N2, the pilot number can take 2 values: 0 and 1. For length N3, the pilot number can take 2 values: 0 and 1. When N1 = 16, N2 = 32, and N3 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 0, the sixth value M6 is 1, the seventh value M7 is 0, and the eighth value M8 is 1.

[0367] Table 49

[0368] The 3-bit signaling is shown in Table 50. When N1 = 8, N2 = 16, and N3 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 0, the sixth value M6 is 1, the seventh value M7 is 0, and the eighth value M8 is 1.

[0369] Table 50

[0370] The 3-bit signaling is shown in Table 51. When N1 = 64, N2 = 32, and N3 = 16, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 0, the sixth value M6 is 1, the seventh value M7 is 0, and the eighth value M8 is 1.

[0371] Table 51

[0372] The 3-bit signaling is shown in Table 52. When N1 = 32, N2 = 16, and N3 = 8, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 0, the sixth value M6 is 1, the seventh value M7 is 0, and the eighth value M8 is 1.

[0373] Table 52

[0374] The pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the first value M1; the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the second value M2; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the third value M3; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fourth value M4; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fifth value M5; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the sixth value M6; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the seventh value M7; the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the eighth value M8. Here, N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number is 0 or 1.

[0375] For example, as shown in Table 53, 3-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots. There are a total of 8 cases, with pilots of lengths N1 and N2. When the length is N1, the pilot number can take 2 values, namely 0 and 1. When the length is N2, the pilot number can take 6 values, namely 0, 1, 2, 4, and 5. When N1 = 32 and N2 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, the fourth value M4 is 1, the fifth value M5 is 2, the sixth value M6 is 3, the seventh value M7 is 4, and the eighth value M8 is 5.

[0376] Table 53

[0377] The 3-bit signaling is shown in Table 54. When N1 = 8 and N2 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, the fourth value M4 is 1, the fifth value M5 is 2, the sixth value M6 is 3, the seventh value M7 is 4, and the eighth value M8 is 5.

[0378] Table 54

[0379] The 3-bit signaling is shown in Table 55. When N1 = 16 and N2 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 0, the fourth value M4 is 1, the fifth value M5 is 2, the sixth value M6 is 3, the seventh value M7 is 4, and the eighth value M8 is 5.

[0380] Table 55

[0381] The pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the first value M1, the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the second value M2, the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the third value M3, the pilot length is N1, and the pilot number is the fourth value M4, the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the fifth value M5, the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the sixth value M6, the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the seventh value M7, and the pilot length is N2, and the pilot number is the eighth value M8. Here, N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number can be 0 or 1.

[0382] For example, as shown in Table 56, 3-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots. There are a total of 8 cases, with pilots of lengths N1 and N2. When the length is N1, the pilot number can take 4 values: 0, 1, 2, and 3. When the length is N2, the pilot number can take 4 values: 0, 1, 2, and 3. When N1 = 32 and N2 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 0, the sixth value M6 is 1, the seventh value M7 is 0, and the eighth value M8 is 1.

[0383] Table 56

[0384] Pilot length is N1, pilot number is the first value M1, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the second value M2, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the third value M3, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the fourth value M4, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the fifth value M5, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the sixth value M6, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the seventh value M7, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the eighth value M8, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the ninth value M9, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the tenth value M10, pilot length is N3, pilot number is the eleventh value M11, pilot... The pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the twelfth value M12. The pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the thirteenth value M13. The pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the fourteenth value M14. The pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the fifteenth value M15. The pilot length is N3, and the pilot number is the sixteenth value M16. Where N1, N2, and N3 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, and M16 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number is 0 or 1.

[0385] For example, as shown in Table 57, 4-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots, with a total of 16 possibilities. There are three pilot lengths: N1, N2, and N3. For length N1, the pilot number can have 5 possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. For length N2, the pilot number can have 5 possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. For length N3, the pilot number can have 6 possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. When N1 = 16 and N2 = ... When N3 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 4, the sixth value M6 is 0, the seventh value M7 is 1, the eighth value M8 is 2, the ninth value M9 is 3, the tenth value M10 is 4, the eleventh value M11 is 0, the twelfth value M12 is 1, the thirteenth value M13 is 2, the fourteenth value M14 is 3, the fifteenth value M15 is 4, and the sixteenth value M16 is 5.

[0386] Table 57

[0387] The 4-bit signaling is shown in Table 58. When N1 = 8, N2 = 16, and N3 = 32, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 4, the sixth value M6 is 0, the seventh value M7 is 1, the eighth value M8 is 2, the ninth value M9 is 3, the tenth value M10 is 4, the eleventh value M11 is 0, the twelfth value M12 is 1, the thirteenth value M13 is 2, the fourteenth value M14 is 3, the fifteenth value M15 is 4, and the sixteenth value M16 is 5.

[0388] Table 58

[0389] Pilot length is N1, pilot number is the first value M1, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the second value M2, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the third value M3, pilot length is N1, pilot number is the fourth value M4, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the fifth value M5, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the sixth value M6, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the seventh value M7, pilot length is N2, pilot number is the eighth value M8, pilot length is N3, pilot number is the ninth value M9, pilot length is N3, pilot number is the tenth value M10, pilot length is N3, pilot number is the eleventh value M11, pilot length... For N1, N2, N3, and N4, the pilot number is the twelfth value M12, the pilot length is N3, the pilot number is the thirteenth value M13, the pilot length is N4, the pilot number is the fourteenth value M14, the pilot length is N4, the pilot number is the fifteenth value M15, the pilot length is N4, and the pilot number is the sixteenth value M16. Here, N1, N2, N3, and N4 are positive integers greater than zero, and M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, and M16 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot number for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot number can be 0 or 1.

[0390] For example, as shown in Table 59, 4-bit signaling represents the number and length of pilots, with a total of 16 possibilities. There are four pilot lengths: N1, N2, N3, and N4. For length N1, the pilot number can have four possible values: 0, 1, 2, and 3. For length N2, the pilot number can also have four possible values: 0, 1, 2, and 3. For length N3, the pilot number can have five possible values: 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. For length N4, the pilot number can have three possible values: 0, 1, and 2. When N1 = 16, N2 = 32, N3 = 64, and N4 = 128, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 4, the sixth value M6 is 0, the seventh value M7 is 1, the eighth value M8 is 2, the ninth value M9 is 3, the tenth value M10 is 4, the eleventh value M11 is 0, the twelfth value M12 is 1, the thirteenth value M13 is 2, the fourteenth value M14 is 3, the fifteenth value M15 is 4, and the sixteenth value M16 is 5.

[0391] Table 59

[0392] The 4-bit signaling is shown in Table 60. When N1 = 8, N2 = 16, N3 = 32, and N4 = 64, the first value M1 is 0, the second value M2 is 1, the third value M3 is 2, the fourth value M4 is 3, the fifth value M5 is 4, the sixth value M6 is 0, the seventh value M7 is 1, the eighth value M8 is 2, the ninth value M9 is 3, the tenth value M10 is 4, the eleventh value M11 is 0, the twelfth value M12 is 1, the thirteenth value M13 is 2, the fourteenth value M14 is 3, the fifteenth value M15 is 4, and the sixteenth value M16 is 5.

[0393] Table 60

[0394] Joint indication of pilot spacing and pilot length:

[0395] The pilot length is N1, the pilot interval is the first value P1, the pilot length is N1, the pilot number is the second value P2, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the third value P3, and the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the fourth value P4. N1 and N2 are positive integers greater than zero, and P1, P2, P3, and P4 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot interval for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot interval is 600 chips or 100 ms.

[0396] For example, as shown in Table 61, 2-bit signaling represents the pilot spacing and pilot length. There are a total of 4 cases, with pilot lengths of N1 and N2. When the length is N1, the corresponding pilot spacing value can be 600 chips or 1200 chips. When the length is N2, the corresponding pilot number value can also be 600 chips or 1200 chips. When N1 = 32 and N2 = 64, the first value P1 is 600 chips, the second value P2 is 1200 chips, the third value P3 is 600 chips, and the fourth value P4 is 1200 chips.

[0397] Table 61

[0398] The 42-bit signaling is shown in Table 62. The 2-bit signaling represents the pilot interval and pilot length, with a total of 4 cases. There are two pilot lengths, N1 and N2. When the length is N1, the corresponding pilot interval value can be either 100ms or 200ms. When the length is N2, the corresponding pilot length value can also be either 100ms or 200ms. When N1 = 32 and N2 = 64, the first value P1 is 100ms, the second value P2 is 200ms, the third value P3 is 100ms, and the fourth value P4 is 200ms.

[0399] Table 62

[0400] The pilot length is N1, the pilot interval is the first value P1, the pilot length is N1, the pilot number is the second value P1, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the third value P3, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the fourth value P4, the pilot length is N2, the pilot number is the fifth value P5, the pilot length is N3, the pilot number is the sixth value P6, the pilot length is N3, the pilot number is the seventh value P7, the pilot length is N3, the pilot number is the eighth value P8. Where N1, N2, and N3 are positive integers greater than zero, and P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, and P8 represent the possible values ​​of the pilot interval for a certain pilot length. For example, when N1 = 16, the pilot interval is 600 chips or 100 ms.

[0401] For example, as shown in Table 63, 3-bit signaling represents the pilot spacing and pilot length, with a total of 8 possibilities. There are three pilot lengths: N1, N2, and N3. For length N1, the corresponding pilot spacing can have two values: 600 chips and 1200 chips. For length N2, the corresponding pilot number can have three values: 600 chips, 1200 chips, and 1500 chips. For length N3, the corresponding pilot number can have three values: 60... 0 chip, 1200 chip, 1500 chip; when N1=16, N2=32, N3=64, the first value P1 is 600 chips, the second value P2 is 1200 chips, the third value P3 is 600 chips, the fourth value P4 is 1200 chips, the fifth value P5 is 1500 chips, the sixth value P6 is 600 chips, the seventh value P7 is 1200 chips, and the eighth value P8 is 1500 chips.

[0402] Table 63

[0403] For example, as shown in Table 64, 3-bit signaling represents the pilot interval and pilot length, with a total of 8 possibilities. There are three pilot lengths: N1, N2, and N3. For length N1, the corresponding pilot interval can have two values: 100ms and 200ms. For length N2, the corresponding pilot number can have three values: 100ms, 160ms, and 200ms. For length N3, the corresponding pilot number can have three values: 100ms, 160ms, and 200ms. When N1 = 16, N2 = 32, and N3 = 64, the first value P1 is 100ms, the second value P2 is 200ms, the third value P3 is 100ms, the fourth value P4 is 160ms, the fifth value P5 is 200ms, the sixth value P6 is 100ms, the seventh value P7 is 160ms, and the eighth value P8 is 200ms.

[0404] Table 64

[0405] When generating pilot signals, a pilot sequence needs to be determined. The pilot sequence can be generated by an m-sequence or by a golay sequence parameter. When the golay sequence parameter is used, a long sequence can be obtained by combining short golay complementary sequences of A and B, such as [AB], [AB], [-AB], [-A -B].

[0406] For example, 0 and 1 represent short sequences A = [11 100100] and B = [1 1 01 0 1 11], and combining [AB] yields a long sequence of length 16 [1 1 0 0 1 0 01 1 0 1 0 1 1 1].

[0407] Alternatively, 1 and -1 represent the short sequence A = [1 1 1 -1-1 1 -1-1], B = [1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1], and combining [AB] yields the long sequence [1 1 1-1-1 1 -1-111 -1 1 -1 1 1 1].

[0408] The Golay sequence and m sequence are selected from the following set.

[0409] The set of 8-length golay sequences is:

[0410] [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0411] 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0412] 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0413] 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0414] 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1;

[0415] 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0;

[0416] 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0417] 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0418] 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1;

[0419] 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0;

[0420] 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1;

[0421] 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0;

[0422] 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0;

[0423] 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0424] 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0425] 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0426] 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0427] 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1;

[0428] 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1;

[0429] 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0;

[0430] 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1;

[0431] 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0432] 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0;

[0433] 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0434] 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1;

[0435] 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0;

[0436] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1;

[0437] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0438] 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0;

[0439] 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0440] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0;

[0441] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0;

[0442] 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0443] 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0444] 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0;

[0445] 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1).

[0446] The set of 16-length golay sequences is:

[0447] [0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0448] 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0449] 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0450] 0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1；

[0451] 0，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0452] 0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0453] 0，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0；

[0454] 0，1，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0455] 0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1；

[0456] 1，0，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1；

[0457] 1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0；

[0458] 1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1；

[0459] 1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0460] 1，0，1，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1；

[0461] 1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0；

[0462] 1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1；

[0463] 1，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1；

[0464] 1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0；

[0465] 1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0466] 1，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0467] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0468] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0469] 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0470] 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0471] 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0472] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0473] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0474] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0475] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0476] 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0477] 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0478] 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0).

[0479] A set of 32-length golay sequences:

[0480] [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0;

[0481] 0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1;

[0482] 0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1;

[0483] 0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1；

[0484] 0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1；

[0485] 0，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1；

[0486] 0，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1；

[0487] 0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1；

[0488] 0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1；

[0489] 0，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0；

[0490] 0，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1；

[0491] 0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1；

[0492] 1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，0；

[0493] 1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，1，0；

[0494] 1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0495] 1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0；

[0496] 1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，0，0；

[0497] 1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0；

[0498] 1，1，1，0，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，0，0，0；

[0499] 1，1，1，0，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1；

[0500] 1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1；

[0501] 1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1；

[0502] 1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，0；

[0503] 1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1；

[0504] 1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1；

[0505] 1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0;

[0506] 1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0;

[0507] 1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1;

[0508] 1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1).

[0509] A set of 64-length golay sequences:

[0510] [0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0511] 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0512] 0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1;

[0513] 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1;

[0514] 0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1；

[0515] 0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0；

[0516] 1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，0，0，0，0，0，1；

[0517] 1，0，0，0，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0；

[0518] 1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，0，0，1，1，1，0，0，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，0；

[0519] 1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，0，0，1，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，0，0，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，0，1，1，0，1，0，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，0，0，0；

[0520] 1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1;

[0521] 1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0;

[0522] 1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1;

[0523] 1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0.

[0524] The sequence generated by the shift register from the m-sequence has an odd length. To make it even, a padding operation is performed, such as padding with zeros, to make it even.

[0525] A set of m-sequences of length 7:

[0526] [1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1;]

[0527] 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1;

[0528] 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0529] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1;

[0530] 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0;

[0531] 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1;

[0532] 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0;

[0533] 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0;

[0534] 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1;

[0535] 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1).

[0536] A set of m-sequences of length 15:

[0537] [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0;

[0538] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0;

[0539] 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0540] 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0541] 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0;

[0542] 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0;

[0543] 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0;

[0544] 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0;

[0545] 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0;

[0546] 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0.

[0547] A set of m-sequences of length 31:

[0548] [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0;

[0549] 1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1;

[0550] 1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1;

[0551] 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0;

[0552] 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0;

[0553] 1,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0;

[0554] 1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0;

[0555] 1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1;

[0556] 1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0;

[0557] 1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0.

[0558] A set of m-sequences of length 63:

[0559] [1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1;

[0560] 0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0；

[0561] 1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1；

[0562] 0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1；

[0563] 1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1；

[0564] 1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，1，1，0，1，1，1，0，1，0，0，0，1，1，1，1，0；

[0565] 0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1，0，1，1；

[0566] 1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0;

[0567] 1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0;

[0568] 1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0]. Or

[0569] [1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1;

[0570] 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0;

[0571] 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0;

[0572] 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1；

[0573] 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1；

[0574] 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1；

[0575] 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0；

[0576] 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1；

[0577] 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0；

[0578] 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0].

[0579] Furthermore, the pilot position is determined based on the size of the transport block and the pilot spacing, including at least one of the following: when the size of the remaining transport block after division according to the pilot spacing is greater than a first specified value, an infix is ​​added at the end of the transport block; when the size of the remaining transport block after division according to the pilot spacing is less than or equal to the first specified value, no infix is ​​added at the end of the transport block. Here, an infix refers to a pilot signal added within the transport block, which is different from the prefix at the start position and the suffix at the end position. The first specified value can be a preset threshold used to determine whether an additional pilot signal needs to be added to the end of the transport block. This dynamic decision-making mechanism based on the transport block size and pilot spacing ensures that the distribution of pilot signals is both sufficient and not excessive, avoiding resource waste while guaranteeing the accuracy of signal detection.

[0580] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the first specified value includes at least one of the following: a predetermined value, a signaling indication value, wherein the specified value is a time-domain length, a bit size, or a number of chips. The predetermined value is determined during the design phase and serves as a basic reference point for pilot configuration decisions, while the signaling indication value is dynamically adjusted at runtime based on actual communication conditions. Whether it is the time-domain length, the bit size, or the number of chips, these parameters are important indicators for measuring the transport block size and pilot spacing.

[0581] In one embodiment of this disclosure, determining the pilot position based on the pilot spacing and the size of the transport block includes: placing the last infix at the end of the transport block if the size of the remaining transport block after the pilot spacing is divided is less than a second specified value. The second specified value is also a threshold for decision-making, but its focus is on the remaining portion after the transport block is divided. If the remaining portion is too small to support a complete infix, placing it at the end of the transport block maximizes resource utilization while ensuring a uniform distribution of pilot signals throughout the transport block, which is beneficial for channel estimation and signal detection at the receiver.

[0582] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the pilot position is determined based on the pilot interval, the size of the transmission block, and the number of repetitions, including at least one of the following: if the size of the remaining transmission block after the pilot interval is divided is less than a third specified value, the last infix is ​​placed at the end of the transmission block.

[0583] In one embodiment of this disclosure, determining the pilot position based on the number of repetitions of a transport block includes: placing a prefix at the beginning of the transport block and a suffix at the end of the transport block, based on the number of repetitions; or placing a prefix at the beginning of the transport block and an infix at the end of the transport block, with the last infix used as a suffix. The repetition of transport blocks is to enhance signal robustness, especially in weak signal areas or high-interference environments. The use of prefixes and suffixes ensures that each repeated transport block has clear start and end markers, facilitating synchronization and decoding at the receiver. The introduction of infixes further refines the distribution of the pilot signal, maintaining the continuity and density of the pilot signal even when the transport block is repeated multiple times, thus improving the accuracy of channel estimation.

[0584] In one embodiment, the pilot position indicator is used to indicate whether there is a suffix in the pilot.

[0585] In one embodiment, the pilot quantity indication and the pilot position indication indicate the pilot position in one of the following ways: independent signaling indication, joint coding indication.

[0586] In one embodiment, the pilot spacing indication and the pilot position indication indicate the pilot position in one of the following ways: independent signaling indication, joint coding indication.

[0587] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes: repeating the size of the transport block according to the number of repetitions N, inserting a suffix each time the transport block is repeated, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; repeating the size of the transport block according to the number of repetitions N, inserting an infix each time the transport block is repeated, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; and not repeating the prefix when the pilot and transport block are repeated according to the number of repetitions of the transport block. This strategy increases the redundancy of the signal by inserting an additional pilot signal (suffix or infix) into each repeated transport block, thereby improving the signal's anti-interference capability and the decoding success rate of the receiver. The non-repetition of the prefix ensures that the receiver can quickly and accurately identify new transport blocks, avoiding unnecessary confusion.

[0588] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the pilot configuration information includes pilot spacing and pilot sequence length, wherein a larger pilot spacing corresponds to a longer pilot sequence length, or vice versa. This inverse relationship between pilot spacing and pilot sequence length reflects intelligent resource allocation. In environments with good channel conditions and low interference, a larger pilot spacing can reduce the space occupied by pilot signals in data transmission, while maintaining signal detection accuracy by increasing the pilot sequence length. Conversely, in environments with poor channel conditions and severe interference, a smaller pilot spacing and shorter pilot sequence length can increase signal density and enhance signal strength, thereby improving communication reliability. This method is applicable to various communication environments and can achieve efficient resource utilization and maximize communication performance by dynamically adjusting pilot parameters.

[0589] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the pilot configuration information includes the number of pilots and the length of the pilot sequence, wherein a larger number of pilots corresponds to a shorter pilot sequence length, or a smaller number of pilots corresponds to a longer pilot sequence length. This configuration strategy reflects a trade-off between pilot signal distribution and strength. In high-capacity data transmission, increasing the number of pilots can improve the accuracy of channel estimation, but due to resource constraints, the length of the pilot sequence must be shortened accordingly to ensure sufficient data transmission space. Conversely, in low-capacity data transmission or high-interference environments, reducing the number of pilots and increasing the pilot sequence length can increase the strength of individual pilot signals, thereby enhancing signal detection capabilities.

[0590] In one embodiment of this disclosure, step S204 may include generating a pilot signal based on the pilot position, pilot type, pilot quantity, and pilot length. This process is the final implementation step of pilot configuration, which transforms all previously determined pilot parameters into specific signal forms, ensuring that the pilot signal can be accurately embedded into the transport block. The diversity of pilot types, such as m-sequences, golay sequences, ZC sequences, and Gold sequences, can meet the requirements of different communication standards; the adjustment of the pilot quantity and length directly affects the signal quality and transmission efficiency.

[0591] This disclosure also provides a method for determining pilot signals. Figure 67 is a flowchart of a second method for determining pilot signals according to an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 67, the method is applied to a second communication node, and the process includes the following steps:

[0592] Step S6702: Receive pilot signal sent by the first communication node, wherein the pilot signal is generated by the first communication node based on information including pilot position, and the pilot position is determined by the first communication node based on transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information.

[0593] The second communication node receives and parses the pilot signal, performing channel estimation and signal detection to prepare for subsequent data decoding. By intelligently determining the pilot position at the first communication node, the distribution and strength of the pilot signal are ensured to meet the requirements of the current communication environment, thereby greatly improving the signal detection capability and data decoding success rate of the second communication node. This efficient pilot signal reception mechanism can achieve fast and accurate data transmission, improving communication reliability and user experience, in applications including but not limited to mobile internet, smart homes, and smart cities.

[0594] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0595] This embodiment also provides a pilot signal determination device for implementing the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" can be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated. The device includes:

[0596] The module is configured to determine the pilot position based on the transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information.

[0597] The generation module is configured to generate pilot signals based on information including pilot positions.

[0598] The transmitting module is configured to send pilot signals to the second communication node.

[0599] This embodiment also provides a pilot signal determination device, which includes:

[0600] The receiving module is configured to receive pilot signals sent by the first communication node, wherein the pilot signals are generated by the first communication node based on information including pilot positions, and the pilot positions are determined by the first communication node based on transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information.

[0601] It should be noted that the above modules can be implemented by software or hardware. For the latter, they can be implemented in the following ways, but are not limited to: all the above modules are located in the same processor; or, the above modules are located in different processors in any combination.

[0602] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments when executed.

[0603] In one exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, various media capable of storing computer programs, such as a USB flash drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard disk, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0604] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide an electronic device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program and the processor being configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0605] In one exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input / output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the processor and the input / output device is connected to the processor.

[0606] Specific examples in this embodiment can be found in the examples described in the above embodiments and exemplary implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0607] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of this disclosure described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using computer-executable program code, and thus can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, this disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0608] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Various modifications and variations can be made to this disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for determining a pilot signal, applied to a first communication node, comprising: The pilot position is determined based on the transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information; A pilot signal is generated based on information including the pilot position; The pilot signal is sent to the second communication node.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The transport block configuration information includes at least one of the following: The size of the transport block; Threshold values ​​related to the size of the transport block; The time domain length of the transport block; The number of chips in a transport block; The number of times a transport block is repeated.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The pilot configuration information includes at least one of the following: Pilot type; Number of pilots; Pilot spacing; Pilot period; The length of the pilot sequence; Pilot symbol length; Pilot position; Pilot position indication; Pilot start position; Pilot position offset value; The number of repetitions of the pilot sequence.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein, The transport block configuration information and the pilot configuration information are indicated by control information or determined by a predefined method.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The pilot location is determined based on the transport block configuration information and / or pilot configuration information, including one of the following methods: The pilot position is determined by one of the following: the time domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, the number of chips in the transport block, and the pilot interval. The pilot position is determined by at least one of the following: the time domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, and the number of chips in the transport block, along with the number of pilots. The pilot position is determined by at least one of the following: the time domain length of the transport block, the size of the transport block, the number of repetitions of the transport block, and the number of chips in the transport block, along with the pilot spacing. The pilot position is determined by the pilot quantity indicator and the pilot position indicator; The pilot position is determined by the pilot spacing indication and the pilot position indication.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The pilot position is determined based on the size of the transport block and the pilot spacing, including at least one of the following: If the size of the remaining transmission block after the pilot spacing is greater than the first specified value, an infix is ​​added at the end of the transmission block. When the size of the remaining transmission block after the pilot interval division is less than or equal to the first specified value, no infix is ​​added at the end of the transmission block.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The first specified value includes at least one of the following: a predetermined value, a signaling indication value, wherein the specified value is a time domain length, a bit size, or a chip number.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein, The pilot positions are determined based on the pilot spacing and the size of the transmission block, including: If the size of the remaining transmission block after the pilot interval division is less than the second specified value, the last infix is ​​placed at the end of the transmission block.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein, Determining the pilot position based on the number of repetitions of the transmission block includes: Based on the number of repetitions of the transmission block, a prefix is ​​placed at the beginning of the transmission block and a suffix is ​​placed at the end of the transmission block; or Based on the number of repetitions of the transport block, a prefix is ​​placed at the beginning of the transport block, an infix is ​​placed at the end of the transport block, and the last infix is ​​used as a suffix.

10. The method of claim 5, wherein, The method further includes: The pilot interval is determined based on the size L of the transport block before or after encoding, the number of pilots n, and the offset value x. The pilot interval = floor((Lx) / n) is used to indicate that the first (Lx) bits of the transport block are divided into n equal parts or the last (Lx) bits of the transport block are divided into n equal parts. x is a preset value or is indicated by signaling.

11. The method of claim 5, wherein, Determining the pilot position based on the pilot spacing, the size of the transmission block, and the number of repetitions includes at least one of the following: If the size of the remaining transmission block after the pilot interval division is less than the third specified value, the last infix is ​​placed at the end of the transmission block.

12. The method of claim 3, wherein, The pilot spacing in the pilot configuration information includes one of the following values: Based on a predefined transport block ratio; The proportion of transport blocks based on signaling indications; The absolute value based on the signaling indication.

13. The method of claim 5, wherein, The pilot position indicator is used to indicate whether there is a suffix in the pilot.

14. The method of claim 5, wherein, The pilot quantity indication and the pilot position indication indicate the pilot position in one of the following ways: independent signaling indication, joint coding indication.

15. The method of claim 5, wherein, The pilot spacing indication and the pilot position indication indicate the pilot position in one of the following ways: independent signaling indication, joint coding indication.

16. The method of claim 5, wherein, The method further includes at least one of the following: The size of the transport block is repeated according to the number of times the transport block is repeated N, and a suffix is ​​inserted each time it is repeated, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The size of the transport block is repeated according to the number of times the transport block is repeated N, with an infix inserted each time it is repeated, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; When the pilot and the transmission block are repeated according to the number of repetitions of the transmission block, the prefix is ​​not repeated.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein, The pilot configuration information includes the pilot spacing and the length of the pilot sequence, wherein the larger the pilot spacing, the longer the pilot sequence; or the smaller the pilot spacing, the shorter the pilot sequence.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein, The pilot configuration information includes the number of pilots and the length of the pilot sequence. The more pilots there are, the shorter the pilot sequence is; or the fewer pilots there are, the longer the pilot sequence is.

19. The method of claim 17 or 18, wherein, The length of the pilot sequence is indicated by one of the following: independent signaling, joint coding indication.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein, Generating pilot signals based on information including the pilot position includes: The pilot signal is generated based on the pilot position, pilot type, number of pilots, and pilot length.

21. A method for determining a pilot signal, applied to a second communication node, comprising: The first communication node sends a pilot signal, wherein the pilot signal is generated by the first communication node based on information including the pilot position, and the pilot position is determined by the first communication node based on the transport block configuration information and / or the pilot configuration information.

22. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, performs the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 and 20.

23. A computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 20, 21.

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