Paging method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application provides a paging method and a communication apparatus. The paging method comprises: an AIoT device calculates a system frame number of a paging frame on the basis of various parameters and formulas. The AIoT device periodically wakes up and detects paging messages on a time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number. An identifier (ID) is a part or all of UE_ID, and the ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device. Accordingly, a reader periodically sends the paging messages in similar steps. By setting value ranges and conditions, etc., of the parameters, conflict between a calculated time-domain position for receiving paging and a time-domain position of an SSB is reduced or even avoided, and even conflict between the calculated time-domain position for receiving paging and a time-domain position of a system message is reduced, thereby ensuring the success rate of paging and guaranteeing user service experience.

Description

A paging method and device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510404366.3, filed on March 28, 2025, entitled "A Paging Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a paging method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of communication technology, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defined the Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT or A-IoT) technology. In AIoT and other related technologies, the communication system can include readers and tags. Readers can be implemented by network equipment (such as base stations) or user equipment (UE), and tags, referred to as AIoT devices, can be IoT terminals, such as passive / semi-passive / active tags. AIoT technology is mainly used to achieve the following services: inventory management, positioning, sensing, or command. Typical application scenarios for AIoT technology include logistics, warehousing, industrial manufacturing, identity recognition, and environmental monitoring.

[0004] AIoT devices can receive synchronization signals and Physical Broadcast Channel blocks (SSBs) sent by readers. In addition, AIoT devices may also need to receive system messages (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)). The current method used by readers and AIoT devices to calculate the time-domain location for receiving paging messages can lead to significant conflicts between the calculated paging time-domain location and the SSB time-domain location, and even between the calculated paging time-domain location and the time-domain location for receiving system messages, thus affecting the paging success rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a paging method and communication device that can reduce the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the SSB time-domain location, thereby ensuring a high paging success rate. Furthermore, embodiments of this application can also reduce the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the system message time-domain location, thus ensuring a better paging experience.

[0006] Firstly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by an environmental Internet of Things (AIoT) device or a component of the AIoT device (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0007] The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N included in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, and the formula.

[0008] On the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0009] The formula includes formula (4), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N);

[0010] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient;

[0011] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0012] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment.

[0013] In this context, * represents multiplication.

[0014] Based on the above scheme, the paging frame time-domain location calculated by the AIoT device does not conflict with the SSB time-domain location. Correspondingly, the reader also calculates the paging frame time-domain location using a similar scheme, which also does not conflict with the SSB time-domain location. The reader can send SSB and paging messages at different time-domain locations, and correspondingly, the AIoT device can receive SSB and paging messages at different time-domain locations. This reduces or even avoids conflicts between the calculated paging reception time-domain location and the SSB time-domain location, without affecting the transmission or reception of SSBs, ensuring paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing user service experience.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the starting position of the paging cycle is the starting or ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0016] Based on this scheme, a method for determining the starting position of the paging cycle is provided, simplifying the calculation and especially meeting the computing requirements of AIoT devices with low computational complexity.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes:

[0018] Based on the ID, N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and the index of the paging opportunity is calculated using formula (2);

[0019] On the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0020] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0021] Formula (2) is: i_s = floor(ID / N) mod Ns;

[0022] Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0023] Based on this scheme, the AIoT device calculates that the time domain position of the paging timing under the paging frame does not conflict with the SSB time domain position. Correspondingly, the reader (also known as the reader) also calculates the time domain position of the paging timing under the paging frame based on a similar scheme, which also does not conflict with the SSB time domain position, thus ensuring the paging success rate and business continuity, and guaranteeing the user's business experience.

[0024] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, 1≤N≤P.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the number of frames L1 included in the paging frame, the number of frames t1 included in the system information block (SIB), the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, the number of frames Q included in the SSB cycle, offset 1, and offset 2 satisfy formula (5): L1 + t1 + offset 1 + offset 2 + t0 ≤ Q Formula (5)

[0026] Where offset 1 is the number of time-domain offsets between the start position of the paging frame and the end position of the previous SSB in the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of time-domain offsets between the end position of the SIB and the start position of the next SSB in the same SSB cycle.

[0027] Based on this scheme, by setting the SSB period Q to be large enough, the paging frame is located after the end position of the previous SSB (or even adjacent to the previous SSB), and the SIB is located before the start position of the next SSB (or even adjacent to the next SSB). Therefore, it can be guaranteed that there is no conflict between the paging frame and the SIB in the time domain resources, thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain position of the received paging and the time domain position of the system message.

[0028] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, offset 1 = 0 and offset 2 = 0.

[0029] Based on this scheme, offset 1 and offset 2 are too small relative to the SSB period Q. It can be assumed that offset 1 and offset 2 in formula (5) are both 0, thereby simplifying the calculation and meeting the calculation requirements of AIoT devices with low computational complexity.

[0030] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the SSB cycle includes a paging frame.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset frame number PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, and the formula, the method further includes: receiving a first message, the first message indicating PF_offset, T, and N.

[0032] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the ID is stored in the IoT device of the environment.

[0033] For example, the ID is the UE_ID.

[0034] For example, the UE_ID is stored in the SIM card of the AIoT device.

[0035] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the environmental IoT device is device C of the environmental IoT device.

[0036] Secondly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by a reader or a component of a reader (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0037] The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N included in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, and the formula.

[0038] Paging messages are periodically sent on the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN;

[0039] The formula includes formula (4), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N);

[0040] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient;

[0041] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0042] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment.

[0043] Based on the above scheme, the paging frame time-domain position calculated by the reader does not conflict with the SSB time-domain position. Correspondingly, the AIoT device also calculates the paging frame time-domain position using a similar scheme, which also does not conflict with the SSB time-domain position. The reader can send SSB and paging messages at different time-domain positions, and correspondingly, the AIoT device can receive SSB and paging messages at different time-domain positions. This reduces or even avoids conflicts between the calculated paging reception time-domain position and the SSB time-domain position, ensuring paging success rate without affecting SSB transmission or reception. This also guarantees service continuity and ensures a positive user experience.

[0044] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the starting position of the paging cycle is the starting or ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0045] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the method further includes:

[0046] Based on the ID, N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and the index of the paging opportunity is calculated using formula (2);

[0047] Paging messages are periodically sent on the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index;

[0048] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0049] Formula (2) is: i_s = floor(ID / N) mod Ns;

[0050] Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0051] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, 1≤N≤P.

[0052] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the number of frames L1 included in the paging frame, the number of frames t1 included in the system information block (SIB), the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, the number of frames Q included in the SSB cycle, offset 1, and offset 2 satisfy formula (5): L1 + t1 + offset 1 + offset 2 + t0 ≤ Q Formula (5)

[0053] Where offset 1 is the number of time-domain offsets between the start position of the paging frame and the end position of the previous SSB in the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of time-domain offsets between the end position of the SIB and the start position of the next SSB in the same SSB cycle.

[0054] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, offset 1 = 0 and offset 2 = 0.

[0055] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the SSB cycle includes a paging frame.

[0056] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, before or after calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset frame number PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, and the formula, the method further includes:

[0057] Send a first message indicating PF_offset, T, and N.

[0058] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, and the formula, the method further includes: obtaining the ID.

[0059] It should be understood that the technical effects of the second aspect and any of its possible implementations can be referenced by the technical effects of the first aspect and any of its possible implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0060] Thirdly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by an environmental Internet of Things (AIoT) device or a component of the AIoT device (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0061] The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the following: the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID (which is all or part of the UE_ID, the identifier of the IoT device), the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P (where P = T / Q), and the formula.

[0062] On the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0063] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment;

[0064] The formula includes formula (7), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0);

[0065] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient;

[0066] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0067] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0068] The starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle;

[0069] or,

[0070] The formula includes formula (8), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q;

[0071] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient;

[0072] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0073] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0074] The starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0075] Based on this scheme, different AIoT devices are distributed across different paging time-domain resources in the paging cycle; regarding the paging time-domain resources in this paging cycle, one or more AIoT devices distributed across these paging time-domain resources are also distributed across different paging frames; since the starting position of the paging cycle is located at the starting position of the SSB, and both formula (7) and formula (8) consider the offset, the paging time-domain resource corresponding to the PF system frame number calculated by the AIoT device is adjacent to the SSB in the time domain. Correspondingly, the paging time-domain resource corresponding to the PF system frame number of the reader is also adjacent to the SSB in the time domain based on a similar scheme, and thus does not conflict with the SSB time-domain position; thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated receiving paging time-domain position and the SSB time-domain position, without affecting the transmission or reception of the SSB, ensuring paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing user service experience.

[0076] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes:

[0077] Based on the ID, N1, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and the index of the paging opportunity calculated by formula (2a);

[0078] On the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0079] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0080] Wherein, formula (2a) is: i_s=floor(ID / N1)mod Ns;

[0081] Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0082] Based on this scheme, the AIoT device calculates that the time domain position of the paging timing under the paging frame does not conflict with the SSB time domain position. Correspondingly, the reader (also known as the reader) also calculates the time domain position of the paging timing under the paging frame based on a similar scheme, which also does not conflict with the SSB time domain position, thus ensuring the paging success rate and business continuity, and guaranteeing the user's business experience.

[0083] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, L1, the number of frames t1, t0, Q, offset1, and offset2 included in the System Information Block (SIB) satisfy formula (5): L1 + t1 + offset1 + offset2 + t0 ≤ Q Formula (5)

[0084] Offset 1 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the start position of the paging time domain resource from the end position of the previous SSB within the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the end position of the SIB from the start position of the next SSB within the same SSB cycle.

[0085] Based on this scheme, by setting the SSB period Q to be large enough, the paging frame is located after the end position of the previous SSB (or even adjacent to the previous SSB), and the SIB is located before the start position of the next SSB (or even adjacent to the next SSB). Therefore, it can be guaranteed that there is no conflict between the paging frame and the SIB in the time domain resources, thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain position of the received paging and the time domain position of the system message.

[0086] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, offset 1 = 0 and offset 2 = 0.

[0087] Based on this scheme, offset 1 and offset 2 are too small relative to the SSB period Q. It can be assumed that offset 1 and offset 2 in formula (5) are both 0, thereby simplifying the calculation and meeting the calculation requirements of AIoT devices with low computational complexity.

[0088] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and the physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula, the method further includes: receiving a first message, the first message indicating T, L1.

[0089] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, N1, Q, and t0 are pre-configured.

[0090] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the ID is stored in the IoT device of the environment.

[0091] For example, the ID is the UE_ID.

[0092] For example, the UE_ID is stored in the SIM card of the AIoT device.

[0093] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the environmental IoT device is device C of the environmental IoT device.

[0094] Fourthly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by a reader or a component of the reader (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0095] The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the following: the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID (which is all or part of the UE_ID, the identifier of the IoT device), the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P (where P = T / Q), and the formula.

[0096] Paging messages are periodically sent on the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN;

[0097] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment;

[0098] The formula includes formula (7), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0);

[0099] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient;

[0100] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0101] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0102] The starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle;

[0103] or,

[0104] The formula includes formula (8), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q;

[0105] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient;

[0106] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0107] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0108] The starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0109] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the method further includes:

[0110] Based on the ID, N1, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and the index of the paging opportunity calculated by formula (2a);

[0111] Paging messages are periodically sent on the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index;

[0112] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0113] Wherein, formula (2a) is: i_s=floor(ID / N1)mod Ns;

[0114] Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0115] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, L1, the number of frames t1, t0, Q, offset1, and offset2 included in the System Information Block (SIB) satisfy formula (5): L1 + t1 + offset1 + offset2 + t0 ≤ Q Formula (5)

[0116] Offset 1 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the start position of the paging time domain resource from the end position of the previous SSB within the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the end position of the SIB from the start position of the next SSB within the same SSB cycle.

[0117] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, offset 1 = 0 and offset 2 = 0.

[0118] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in certain implementations of the fourth aspect, before or after calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and the physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula, the method further includes: sending a first message indicating T, L1.

[0119] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, N1, Q, and t0 are pre-configured.

[0120] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and the physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula, the method further includes: obtaining the ID.

[0121] It should be understood that the technical effects of the fourth aspect and any of its possible implementations can be referenced by the technical effects of the third aspect and any of its possible implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0122] Fifthly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by an environmental Internet of Things (AIoT) device or a component of the AIoT device (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0123] The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N included in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, the preset K, and the formula. Here, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle.

[0124] On the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0125] The formula includes formula (9), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=K*(ID mod N);

[0126] Where mod is the modulo operator;

[0127] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0128] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment.

[0129] Based on the above scheme, AIoT devices can also receive SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations. Correspondingly, the reader can send SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations, thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain location for receiving the paging and the time domain location of the SSB, without affecting the sending or receiving of the SSB, ensuring the paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing the user's service experience.

[0130] In addition, using a pre-defined K substitution (T div N) reduces computational complexity, thus meeting the requirement of AIoT devices to reduce computational complexity.

[0131] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, formula (9) can be replaced by formula (10), where formula (10) is: (SFN+PF_offset)&(T-1)=K*(ID mod N)

[0132] Where & represents bitwise AND, and mod represents modulo;

[0133] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0134] Where T equals the first power of 2.

[0135] Based on the above scheme, there is no conflict between the paging frame time domain position calculated by the AIoT device and the SSB time domain position; correspondingly, the reader also calculates the paging frame time domain position based on a similar scheme, which also does not conflict with the SSB time domain position. This reduces or even avoids the conflict between the calculated paging receiving time domain position and the SSB time domain position, and does not affect the transmission or reception of the SSB, ensuring paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing user service experience.

[0136] In addition, the use of a preset K substitution (T div N) and bitwise AND reduces computational complexity, thus meeting the requirement of AIoT devices to reduce computational complexity.

[0137] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, formula (9) can be replaced by formula (11), where formula (11) is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=K*(ID&(N-1))

[0138] Where & represents bitwise AND, and mod represents modulo;

[0139] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0140] Where N equals the second power of 2.

[0141] Based on the above scheme, the computational complexity is reduced by using a preset K substitution (T div N) and bitwise AND, thus meeting the requirement of reducing computational complexity for AIoT devices.

[0142] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, formula (9) can be replaced by formula (12), where formula (12) is: (SFN+PF_offset)&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N-1))

[0143] Where & represents bitwise AND, and mod represents modulo;

[0144] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0145] Where T equals the first power of 2 and N equals the second power of 2. T and N may be equal or unequal in value.

[0146] Based on the above scheme, the computational complexity is reduced by using a preset K substitution (T div N) and bitwise AND, thus meeting the requirement of reducing computational complexity for AIoT devices.

[0147] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:

[0148] The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (13).

[0149] On the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0150] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0151] Formula (13) is: i_s=(ID>>X)&(Ns-1)

[0152] Where X = log2N, >> means right shift, Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and & means bitwise AND.

[0153] Based on this scheme, right shift is used instead of downward rounding, and bitwise AND is used, which reduces computational complexity and thus better meets the requirements of AIoT devices to reduce computational complexity.

[0154] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the environmental IoT device is device C of the environmental IoT device.

[0155] Sixthly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by a reader or a component of the reader (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0156] The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N included in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, the preset K, and the formula. Here, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle.

[0157] Paging messages are periodically sent on the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN;

[0158] The formula includes formula (9), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=K*(ID mod N);

[0159] Where mod is the modulo operator;

[0160] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0161] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment.

[0162] Based on the above scheme, the reader can send SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations, and correspondingly, the AIoT device can also receive SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations. This reduces or even avoids the conflict between the calculated time domain location for receiving the paging message and the time domain location of the SSB, and does not affect the sending or receiving of the SSB, thus ensuring the paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing the user's service experience.

[0163] In addition, using a pre-defined K substitution (T div N) reduces computational complexity, thus meeting the requirement of AIoT devices to reduce computational complexity.

[0164] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, formula (9) can be replaced by formula (10), where formula (10) is: (SFN+PF_offset)&(T-1)=K*(ID mod N)

[0165] Where & represents bitwise AND, and mod represents modulo;

[0166] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0167] Where T equals the first power of 2.

[0168] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, formula (9) can be replaced by formula (11), where formula (11) is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=K*(ID&(N-1))

[0169] Where & represents bitwise AND, and mod represents modulo;

[0170] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0171] Where N equals the second power of 2.

[0172] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, formula (9) can be replaced by formula (12), where formula (12) is: (SFN+PF_offset)&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N-1))

[0173] Where & represents bitwise AND, and mod represents modulo;

[0174] Where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB;

[0175] Where T equals the first power of 2 and N equals the second power of 2.

[0176] In conjunction with the sixth aspect, in some implementations of the sixth aspect, the method further includes:

[0177] The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (13).

[0178] Paging messages are periodically sent on the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index;

[0179] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0180] Formula (13) is: i_s=(ID>>X)&(Ns-1)

[0181] Where X = log2N, >> means right shift, Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0182] It should be understood that the technical effects of the sixth aspect and any of its possible implementations can be referenced by the technical effects of the fifth aspect and any of its possible implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0183] A seventh aspect provides a paging method, which can be executed by an environmental Internet of Things (AIoT) device or a component of the AIoT device (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0184] Based on the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the preset K, which indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is all or part of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, and the system frame number SFN of the paging frame calculated by the formula; where P = T / Q;

[0185] On the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0186] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment;

[0187] The formula includes formula (14), which is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0);

[0188] Where mod is the modulo operator;

[0189] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0190] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0191] The starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle;

[0192] or,

[0193] The formula includes formula (20), which is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q;

[0194] Where mod is the modulo operator;

[0195] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0196] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0197] The starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0198] In the paging method of the seventh aspect, when using the technical solution of formula (20), "based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the preset K, which indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, the identifier ID, which is all or part of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block SSB period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the system frame number SFN of the paging frame calculated by the formula" does not include "the number of frames t0 included in the SSB"; otherwise, it includes "the number of frames t0 included in the SSB".

[0199] Based on the above scheme, AIoT devices can also receive SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations. Correspondingly, the reader can send SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations, thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain location for receiving the paging and the time domain location of the SSB, without affecting the sending or receiving of the SSB, ensuring the paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing the user's service experience.

[0200] In addition, using a pre-defined K substitution (T div N) reduces computational complexity, thus meeting the requirement of AIoT devices to reduce computational complexity.

[0201] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, formula (14) can be replaced by formula (18), where formula (18) is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+(ID&(P-1))*Q–(Q-t0)

[0202] Here, & represents bitwise AND.

[0203] Based on this scheme, the computational complexity is reduced by using a pre-defined K substitution (T div N) and bitwise AND, thus meeting the requirement of reducing computational complexity for AIoT devices.

[0204] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, formula (20) can be replaced by formula (24), where formula (24) is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+((ID&(P-1))-1)*Q

[0205] Here, & represents bitwise AND.

[0206] Based on this scheme, the computational complexity is reduced by using a pre-defined K substitution (T div N) and bitwise AND, thus meeting the requirement of reducing computational complexity for AIoT devices.

[0207] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the method further includes:

[0208] The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (26).

[0209] On the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0210] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0211] Formula (26) is: i_s=(ID>>X)&(Ns-1)

[0212] Where X = log2N, >> means right shift, Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and & means bitwise AND.

[0213] Based on this scheme, right shift is used instead of downward rounding, and bitwise AND is used, which reduces computational complexity and thus better meets the requirements of AIoT devices to reduce computational complexity.

[0214] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the environmental IoT device is device C of the environmental IoT device.

[0215] Eighthly, a paging method is provided, which can be executed by a reader or a component of the reader (e.g., a chip, chip system, circuit, or communication module). The method includes:

[0216] Based on the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the preset K, which indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is all or part of the UE_ID of the environmental IoT device identifier, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the system frame number SFN of the paging frame calculated by the formula;

[0217] Paging messages are periodically sent on the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN;

[0218] This ID uniquely identifies the IoT devices in that environment;

[0219] The formula includes formula (14), which is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0);

[0220] Where mod is the modulo operator;

[0221] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0222] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0223] The starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle;

[0224] or,

[0225] The formula includes formula (20), which is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q;

[0226] Where mod is the modulo operator;

[0227] Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer;

[0228] Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle;

[0229] The starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0230] In the paging method of the eighth aspect, when the technical solution of formula (8) is used, "the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the preset K, which indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, the identifier ID, which is all or part of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block SSB period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, and the system frame number SFN of the paging frame calculated by the formula" does not include "the number of frames t0 included in the SSB"; otherwise, it includes "the number of frames t0 included in the SSB".

[0231] Based on the above scheme, the reader can send SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations, and correspondingly, the AIoT device can also receive SSB and paging messages at different time domain locations. This reduces or even avoids the conflict between the calculated time domain location for receiving the paging message and the time domain location of the SSB, and does not affect the sending or receiving of the SSB, thus ensuring the paging success rate and service continuity, and guaranteeing the user's service experience.

[0232] In addition, using a pre-defined K replacement (T div N) reduces computational complexity.

[0233] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in some implementations of the eighth aspect, formula (14) can be replaced by formula (18), where formula (18) is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+(ID&(P-1))*Q–(Q-t0)

[0234] Here, & represents bitwise AND.

[0235] In conjunction with the eighth aspect, in some implementations of the eighth aspect, formula (20) can be replaced by formula (24), where formula (24) is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+((ID&(P-1))-1)*Q

[0236] Here, & represents bitwise AND.

[0237] In conjunction with aspect eight, in some implementations of aspect eight, the method further includes:

[0238] The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (26).

[0239] On the second time-domain resource corresponding to this index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages;

[0240] The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource;

[0241] Formula (26) is: i_s=(ID>>X)&(Ns-1)

[0242] Where X = log2N, >> means right shift, Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and & means bitwise AND.

[0243] It should be understood that the technical effects of the eighth aspect and any of its possible implementations can be referred to the technical effects of the seventh aspect and any of its possible implementations, and will not be repeated here.

[0244] Ninthly, a communication device is provided. This communication device has the functions described in the first aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the operations involved in the first aspect. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0245] In one possible design, the communication device includes:

[0246] The processing module is used to calculate the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset frame number PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, and the formula, wherein the formula includes formula (4), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N);

[0247] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB; where this ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in this environment;

[0248] The communication module is used to periodically wake up and detect paging messages on the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN.

[0249] In a tenth aspect, a communication device is provided. This communication device has the functions described in the second aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the operations involved in the second aspect above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0250] In one possible design, the communication device includes:

[0251] The processing module is used to calculate the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset frame number PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, and the formula; wherein, the formula includes formula (4), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N);

[0252] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; where 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB; where this ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in this environment;

[0253] The communication module is used to periodically send paging messages on the first time domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN.

[0254] Eleventhly, a communication device is provided. This communication device has the functions described in the third aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the operations involved in the third aspect. These modules, units, or means can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0255] In one possible design, the communication device includes:

[0256] The processing module is used to calculate the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, which is all or part of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block SSB cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula; wherein, the formula includes formula (7), which is: SFN mod T = (L1 div N1) * (ID mod N1) + (ID mod P) * Q – (Q - t0);

[0257] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1 and P is a positive integer; where paging time domain resources are located in a paging cycle; where the starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle;

[0258] or,

[0259] The formula includes formula (8), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q;

[0260] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1 and P is a positive integer; where paging time domain resources are located in a paging cycle; where the start position of the paging cycle is the end position of any SSB cycle;

[0261] The communication module is used to periodically wake up and detect paging messages on the first time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN.

[0262] In a twelfth aspect, a communication device is provided. This communication device has the functions described in the fourth aspect above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to the operations involved in the fourth aspect. These modules, units, or means can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0263] In one possible design, the communication device includes:

[0264] The processing module is used to calculate the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, an identifier ID (which is all or part of the UE_ID, the identifier ID being the identifier of the environmental IoT device), the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, and a formula; wherein, the ID can uniquely identify the environmental IoT device; and P = T / Q.

[0265] The formula includes formula (7), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0);

[0266] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1 and P is a positive integer; where paging time domain resources are located in a paging cycle; where the starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle;

[0267] or,

[0268] The formula includes formula (8), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q;

[0269] Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1 and P is a positive integer; where paging time domain resources are located in a paging cycle; where the starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle.

[0270] The communication module is used to periodically send paging messages on the first time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN.

[0271] In a thirteenth aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device including a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a computer program or instructions that, when the computer or instructions are executed, cause a method in any possible design or implementation of the first, third, fifth, and seventh aspects described above to be executed or implemented.

[0272] The aforementioned communication device may be an AIoT device, or a module (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) in an AIoT device, or a logical node, logical module, or software that can realize all or part of the functions of an AIoT device.

[0273] In conjunction with aspect thirteen, in some implementations of aspect thirteen, the communication device is device C of an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device.

[0274] Fourteenth aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device including a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing a computer program or instructions that, when the computer or instructions are run, cause the methods in any possible design or implementation of the second, fourth, sixth and eighth aspects described above to be executed or implemented.

[0275] The aforementioned communication device may be a reader / writer, or a module (e.g., a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) within a reader / writer, or a logic node, logic module, or software that can implement all or part of the functions of a reader / writer.

[0276] In a fifteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. This computer-readable storage medium stores computer program code or instructions, which, when read and executed by a computer, cause the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first, third, fifth, and seventh aspects to be executed or implemented.

[0277] In a sixteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. This computer-readable storage medium stores computer program code or instructions, which, when read and executed by a computer, cause the methods in any possible design or implementation of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth aspects described above to be performed or implemented.

[0278] Seventeenthly, a computer program product is provided. This computer program product includes computer program code or instructions that, when executed, cause the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first, third, fifth, and seventh aspects described above to be performed or implemented.

[0279] Eighteenthly, a computer program product is provided. This computer program product includes computer program code or instructions that, when executed, cause the methods in any possible design or implementation of the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth aspects described above to be performed or implemented.

[0280] Nineteenthly, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is run, it causes the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first, third, fifth, and seventh aspects described above to be executed or implemented.

[0281] In a twentieth aspect, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is run, it causes the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first, third, fifth, and seventh aspects described above to be executed or implemented.

[0282] In a twentieth aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising communication devices according to the ninth, eleventh, or thirteenth aspects, as well as communication devices according to the tenth, twelfth, or fourteenth aspects.

[0283] It should be understood that the technical effects of aspects nine to twenty-one and any of their possible implementations can be referred to in relation to the technical effects of aspects one to eight and any of their possible implementations, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0284] Figures 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams of a communication system applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0285] Figures 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of an open radio access network (O-RAN) system applicable to embodiments of this application;

[0286] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the protocol stack structure related to the communication system;

[0287] Figures 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of paging methods in the time domain;

[0288] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing that the paging time domain resources may collide with the downlink public resources in the time domain;

[0289] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the SSB cycle involved in the paging method in the embodiments of this application;

[0290] Figures 12 to 16 are schematic diagrams illustrating the effects of the paging method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0291] Figure 17 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0292] Figure 18 is a schematic block diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0293] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0294] Before introducing the scheme of this application, the following points should be noted.

[0295] (1) In this application, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terms and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other. The technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0296] (2) In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. In the textual description of this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or, b, or, c, or, a and b, or, a and c, or, b and c, or, a, b, and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0297] (3) In this application, "first," "second," and "#1," "#2" are merely for descriptive convenience and are used to distinguish objects, and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. For example, they are used to distinguish different messages, rather than to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such described objects can be interchanged where appropriate so as to describe solutions other than those in the embodiments of this application.

[0298] (4) In this application, "instruction" can include direct instruction, indirect instruction, explicit instruction, implicit instruction, etc. When describing an instruction information as indicating A, it can be understood as the instruction information carrying A, carrying the identifier of A, carrying B which is associated with A, carrying the identifier of B which is associated with A, etc. In other words, if the receiving side of an instruction information can determine A based on the instruction information, it can be described as the instruction information indicating A, and the specific method of determination is not limited. When it is understood that the instruction information carries A, "instruction" can be replaced with "includes". In this case, a statement such as "send / receive instruction information, the instruction information indicates A" can be replaced with "send / receive A".

[0299] In this application, the information indicated by the instruction information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementations, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is a relationship between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also indicate only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various pieces of information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. Furthermore, the information to be instructed can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information pieces, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information pieces can be the same or different.

[0300] (5) In this application, "predefined" may refer to a standard protocol predefined, or it may refer to a pre-agreed or pre-negotiated agreement between devices. "Pre-configuration" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device, and this application does not limit the implementation method. "Protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, such as fourth-generation (4G) protocols. th Generation 4G network, fifth generation (5G) network th This application does not limit the scope to network protocols such as 5G (generation, 5G), New Radio (NR), 5.5G, and related protocols applied in future communication networks.

[0301] (6) In this application, “message”, “information”, “signal” or “information element (IE)” can be used interchangeably. There are no restrictions on the name of the message or information, as long as it can achieve the corresponding function.

[0302] "Sending information to XX (device)" can be understood as the destination of the information being that device. This can include sending information to that device directly or indirectly. "Receiving information from XX (device), or receiving information from XX (device)" can be understood as the source of the information being that device. This can include receiving information from that device directly or indirectly. Information may undergo necessary processing between the source and destination, such as format changes, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar expressions in this application can be interpreted similarly, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0303] "Communication" can also be described as data transmission, information transmission, data processing, etc. "Transmission" includes sending and / or receiving. "Transmission" can be described as output. "Sending" can also be understood as the output of a chip interface, and "receiving" can be understood as the input of a chip interface. In other words, "sending" or "receiving" can occur between devices, for example, network devices and terminal devices sending or receiving data via an air interface. "Sending" or "receiving" can also occur within a device, for example, sending or receiving data between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within a device via a bus, wiring, or interface.

[0304] For example, "sending information" can be understood as one device sending information to another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device sending information to another logical module. For instance, "a network device sending information" can be understood as a network device sending information to another device (such as a terminal device), or it can be understood as logical module 1 within the network device sending information to logical module 2 within the network device. Similarly, "receiving information" can be understood as one device receiving information from another device, or it can also be understood as one logical module within a device receiving information from another logical module. For instance, "a network device receiving information" can be understood as a network device receiving information from another device (such as a terminal device), or it can be understood as logical module 1 within the network device receiving information from logical module 2 within the network device.

[0305] (7) In this application, the words “exemplary,” “for example,” etc., are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as an “example” in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word “example” is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, “of,” “corresponding, relevant,” “corresponding,” and “associate” may sometimes be used interchangeably, and it should be noted that their intended meanings are consistent unless their distinctions are emphasized.

[0306] (8) In this application, the configuration can be signaling configuration, such as RRC messages, downlink control information (DCI), or system information blocks (SIBs). Optionally, the signaling configuration can be pre-configured to the terminal device, or configured to the terminal device through pre-configuration. Here, pre-configuration means defining or configuring the values ​​of corresponding parameters in advance in a protocol manner, and storing them in the terminal device during communication. The pre-configured messages can be modified or updated when the terminal device is connected to the network.

[0307] The following describes the communication system to which this application applies.

[0308] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: 5th generation (5G) or new radio (NR) systems, long term evolution (LTE) systems, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, satellite communication systems, future communication systems, or integrated systems of multiple systems. The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), and Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems or other communication systems.

[0309] The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems such as inter-satellite communication and satellite communication. As an example, a satellite communication system includes a satellite base station and terminal equipment. The satellite base station provides communication services to the terminal equipment. The satellite base station can also communicate with other base stations. A satellite can act as a base station or as a terminal device. Here, "satellite" can refer to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), hot air balloons, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium-Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, high-Earth orbit (HEO) satellites, etc. "Satellite" can also refer to non-terrestrial base stations or non-terrestrial equipment, etc.

[0310] In a communication system, a device can send signals to or receive signals from another device. These signals can include information, signaling, or data. The term "device" can also be replaced by an entity, network entity, communication device, mobile device, network element, communication module, node, communication node, communication apparatus, etc. This disclosure uses a device as an example. For instance, a communication system can include at least one terminal device and at least one network device. The network device can send downlink signals to the terminal device, and / or the terminal device can send uplink signals to the network device. It is understood that the terminal device in this disclosure can be replaced by a first communication device, and the network device can be replaced by a second communication device, both performing the corresponding paging method described in this disclosure. Alternatively, the corresponding paging method described in this disclosure can be applied between network devices or between terminal devices, without limitation herein.

[0311] The terminal device in this application embodiment can be a device or module that accesses the aforementioned communication system and has corresponding communication functions. The terminal device can include various devices with wireless communication capabilities, which can be used to connect people, objects, machines, etc. The terminal device can be widely applied in various scenarios, such as: cellular communication, D2D, V2X, peer-to-peer (P2P), M2M, MTC, IoT, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery, etc. The terminal device can be a terminal in any of the above scenarios, such as an MTC terminal, an IoT terminal, etc. Terminal equipment can be user equipment (UE), terminal, fixed equipment, mobile station equipment or mobile equipment, subscriber unit, handheld device, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, cellular phone, smartphone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless data card, personal digital assistant (PDA), computer, tablet computer, laptop computer, wireless modem, handset, laptop computer, computer with wireless transceiver capability, smart book, vehicle, satellite, global positioning system (GPS) device, target tracking device, aircraft (e.g., drone, helicopter, multiple helicopters, four helicopters, or airplanes), ship, remote control device, smart home device, industrial equipment, transportation vehicle with wireless communication capability, communication module, or roadside unit with terminal function, all conforming to the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard. The terminal device (RSU) can be a unit or a device built into the aforementioned equipment (e.g., a communication module, modem, or chip in the aforementioned equipment), or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. For ease of description, the terminal device will be described below as a terminal or UE.

[0312] It should be understood that in certain scenarios, a UE can also be used as a base station. For example, a UE can act as a scheduling entity, providing sidelink signaling between UEs in scenarios such as V2X, D2D, or P2P.

[0313] In this embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or it can be any device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing those functions, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in or used in conjunction with the terminal device. In this embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components. This embodiment only uses the terminal device as an example to illustrate the device for implementing the functions of the terminal device, and does not constitute a limitation on the solution of this embodiment.

[0314] The network device in this application embodiment can be a device or module with corresponding communication functions. The network device can be a device used to communicate with terminal devices; it can also be called an access network device or a wireless access network device, such as a base station. In this application embodiment, the network device can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects the terminal device to the wireless network. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names including: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitter point, master station, auxiliary station, motor slide retainer (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or a combination thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. A base station can also be a mobile switching center, a device that performs base station functions in D2D, V2X, and M2M communications, or a device that performs base station functions in future communication systems. A base station can support networks using the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the network equipment.

[0315] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0316] In some deployments, the network devices mentioned in the embodiments of this application may be devices including CU, or DU, or devices including both CU and DU, or devices with control plane CU nodes (central unit-control plane (CU-CP)) and user plane CU nodes (central unit-user plane (CU-UP)) and DU nodes. For example, the network devices may include gNB-CU-CP, gNB-CU-UP, and gNB-DU.

[0317] In some deployments, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist terminals in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be CUs, DUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, or RUs. CUs and DUs can be configured separately or included in the same network element, such as a BBU. RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as RRUs, AAUs, or RRHs.

[0318] In some deployments, the CU (Core Unit) is a logical node that carries the RRC (Resource Control Code) layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and other control functions of the access network equipment. The CU connects to network nodes such as the core network through interfaces, which may be E2 interfaces, etc. Optionally, the CU possesses some core network functions. The CU (e.g., the PDCP layer and higher layers) connects to the DU (e.g., the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer and lower layers) through interfaces, which may be F1 interfaces, etc. In some examples, these interfaces (e.g., the F1 interface) can provide control plane (C-Plane) and user plane (U-Plane) functions (e.g., interface management, system information management, UE context management, RRC message transmission, etc.). The F1 application protocol (F1AP) is the application protocol for the F1 interface, and in some examples, it defines the F1 signaling procedures. The F1 interface supports both the control plane (F1-C) and the user plane (F1-U).

[0319] In some deployments, the CU can be split into CU-CP and CU-UP. CU-CP is a logical node carrying the RRC layer and the control plane part of PDCP (PDCP-C) layer, used to implement the CU's control plane functions. CU-CP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement control plane functions. These network elements in the core network can be access and mobility function network elements. CU-UP is a logical node carrying the SDAP layer and the user plane part of PDCP (PDCP-U) layer, used to implement the CU's user plane functions. CU-UP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement user plane functions. The above CU and DU configurations are merely examples; the functions of CU and DU can be configured as needed. For example, CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or CU or DU can be configured to have only partial protocol layer processing functions. For example, some functions of the RLC layer and the functions of the protocol layer above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining functions of the RLC layer and the functions of the protocol layer below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Another example is that the functions of the CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements. For instance, based on latency, functions that need to meet low latency requirements can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not need to meet such latency requirements can be placed in the CU.

[0320] In some deployments, the DU (Distributed Unit) is a logical node that carries the RLC (Real-Time Control) layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, the higher physical layer (Higher PHY) layer, and other functions. In some examples, the DU can control at least one RU (Remote Root). The DU connects to the RU through interfaces, which can be fronthaul interfaces. In some examples, the Higher PHY layer includes the PHY layer processing, such as forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, and demodulation.

[0321] In some deployments, the RU is a logical node that carries both lower physical layer (PHY) and radio frequency (RF) processing. In some examples, the RU can be a TRP, RRH, or other similar entity. In some examples, the Low-PHY includes portions of the PHY processing, such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), digital beamforming, and filtering. The RU communicates with one or more UEs via a radio link.

[0322] The DU and RU can be co-located or not. The DU and RU exchange control plane and user plane information via a fronthaul link through a lower-layer split-control, user, and synchronization (LLS-CUS) interface. LLS-CUS may include interfaces providing control and user planes respectively. In some examples, the control plane refers to real-time control between the DU and RU. The DU and RU exchange management information via a fronthaul link interface (such as an LLS-M interface), and the management plane (M-Plane) refers to non-real-time management operations between the DU and RU.

[0323] DU and RU can cooperate to implement the functions of the PHY layer. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of DU and RU can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, a DU can be configured to implement baseband functions, and an RU can be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that a DU can be configured to implement higher-level functions in the PHY layer, and an RU can be configured to implement lower-level functions in the PHY layer, or to implement both lower-level and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0324] In one possible design, the processing unit in the BBU used to implement baseband functions is called the baseband high (BBH) unit, and the processing unit in the RRU / AAU / RRH used to implement baseband functions is called the baseband low (BBL) unit.

[0325] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, a radio access network can also be an open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture. In an O-RAN system, CU can also be called an open CU (open CU, O-CU), DU can also be called an open DU (open DU, O-DU), CU-CP can also be called an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP), CU-UP can also be called an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP), and RU can also be called an open RU (open RU, O-RU). Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0326] In this embodiment, the device for implementing the functions of a network device can be a network device itself, or a device capable of supporting the network device in implementing those functions, such as a chip system, chip, circuit, or communication module (i.e., a communication module that performs communication functions). This device can be installed within the network device. In this embodiment, the chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete devices. Furthermore, the device can be configured with program instructions for performing corresponding communication functions. This embodiment only uses a network device as an example to illustrate the device for implementing the functions of a network device, and does not limit the solution of this embodiment.

[0327] Network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the scenario in which the network devices and terminal devices are located. Furthermore, terminal devices and network devices can be hardware devices, software functions running on dedicated hardware, or software functions running on general-purpose hardware, such as virtualization functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud platform), or entities that include dedicated or general-purpose hardware devices and software functions. This application does not limit the specific form of the terminal devices and network devices.

[0328] First, a brief introduction to the communication system applicable to the embodiments of this application is given below.

[0329] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 100 applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a network device 110 and an ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device 120. The network device 110 and the AIoT device 120 communicate bidirectionally. The communication between the network device 110 and the AIoT device 120 includes ambient Internet of Things data and / or signaling. That is, the network device 110 sends downlink data and / or signaling to the AIoT device 120, and the AIoT device 120 sends uplink data and / or signaling to the network device 110. Alternatively, it can be understood that the network device 110 and the AIoT device 120 transmit uplink and downlink data and / or signaling.

[0330] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 200 applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2, the communication system includes a network device 210, an intermediate node 220, and an AIoT device 230. The network device 210 and the AIoT device 230 communicate bidirectionally with the intermediate node 220. For example, the network device 210 communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node 220, and then the intermediate node 220 communicates bidirectionally with the AIoT device 230. That is, the network device 210 transmits uplink and downlink data and / or signaling between itself and the intermediate node 220, and the intermediate node 220 transmits uplink and downlink data and / or signaling between itself and the AIoT device 230. In this embodiment, the intermediate node 220 can be a repeater, an integrated access backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, etc.

[0331] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 300 applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figures 3(a) and (b), the communication system includes a network device 310, an auxiliary node 320, and an AIoT device 330. In Figure 3(a), the AIoT device 330 sends data and / or signaling to the network device 310, the network device 310 sends data and / or signaling to the auxiliary node 320 via the Uu interface, and then the AIoT device 330 receives data and / or signaling from the auxiliary node 320. In Figure 3(b), the AIoT device 330 receives data and / or signaling sent by the network device 310 and sends data and / or signaling to the auxiliary node 320, and then the network device 310 receives data and / or signaling from the auxiliary node 320 via the Uu interface. In this embodiment of the application, the intermediate node of the auxiliary node 320 may be a repeater, an IAB node, a UE, etc.

[0332] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 400 applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the communication system includes a terminal device 410 and an AIoT device 420. The terminal device 410 and the AIoT device 420 communicate bidirectionally. The communication between the terminal device 410 and the AIoT device 420 includes environmental IoT data and / or signaling. That is, the terminal device 410 sends downlink data and / or signaling to the AIoT device 420, and the AIoT device 420 sends uplink data and / or signaling to the terminal device 410. It can also be understood that the terminal device 410 and the AIoT device 420 transmit uplink and downlink data and / or signaling.

[0333] Figures 1 to 4 are merely schematic diagrams. The communication system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable may also include other devices, such as core network elements, wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices, which are not shown in Figures 1 to 4.

[0334] The embodiments of this application can also be applied to open RAN (O-RAN) system architecture.

[0335] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a communication system 500 applicable to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the O-RAN system may include core network (CN) equipment, access network (RAN) equipment, and terminal equipment (UE). The access network equipment communicates with core network elements through a backhaul link and with the terminal equipment through an air interface. For example, the BBU in the access network equipment communicates with core network elements through a backhaul link, and the RU in the access network equipment communicates with the terminal equipment through an air interface. The BBU communicates with at least one RU through a fronthaul link. The BBU and RU may or may not be co-located. The BBU includes at least one CU and at least one DU, and the CU and DU can communicate through at least one midhaul link.

[0336] Figure 5 is just a schematic diagram. The wireless communication system may also include other devices, which are not shown in Figure 5.

[0337] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the application framework involving the RIC module under the O-RAN architecture. As shown in Figure 6, the communication system includes a RAN intelligent controller (RIC). The RIC includes near-real-time RIC (near-RT RIC) and non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC). The non-real-time RIC mainly processes non-real-time information, such as data that is not sensitive to latency, with latency in the order of seconds. The real-time RIC mainly processes near-real-time information, such as data that is relatively sensitive to latency, with latency in the order of tens of milliseconds.

[0338] The near real-time RIC and non-real-time RIC can also be set up as separate network elements. Optionally, the near real-time RIC and non-real-time RIC can also be part of other devices. For example, the near real-time RIC can be set in the RAN node (e.g., in CU, DU), while the non-real-time RIC can be set in the OAM, cloud server, core network element, or other network device.

[0339] To facilitate a better understanding of the technical solution of this application, some related technologies involved in the technical solution of this application are introduced.

[0340] 1. Passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID):

[0341] An RFID system consists of an interrogator and tags, which communicate with each other without contact. The interrogator can read information from the tag or write information to the tag. The tag itself is simple, requiring excitation from the interrogator to transmit information; it converts the wireless signal emitted by the interrogator into energy to power itself. If RFID is applied to mobile communication systems, such as 5G systems, the base station can act as the interrogator, fulfilling its functions.

[0342] The primary application of RFID is identification, but it can also be used for data reading and writing. The tags have the following characteristics:

[0343] 1) The label design is simple, for example, the application layer and air interface signaling are combined into one design.

[0344] 2) The tag supports power consumption in the microwatt (μW) level or hundreds of microwatts level, but cannot support complex designs or complex measurements.

[0345] 3) When using multi-tag communication, time-division multiplexing is used, and multiple tags are read serially. It does not support the distinction between the frequency domain and the code domain, and its parallel performance is poor.

[0346] 2. AIoT (or A-IoT):

[0347] Devices in AIoT technology can include network devices and Type I terminal devices; in other words, AIoT-based communication systems can include network devices and Type I terminal devices. Type I terminal devices can be terminal devices with AIoT device functionality, also referred to as AIoT devices. In this case, both A-IoT-enabled UEs and AIoT devices can be implemented based on cellular network infrastructure. In other words, both A-IoT-enabled UEs and AIoT devices can be devices within a cellular network. For example, the functionality of an A-IoT-enabled UE can be implemented by network devices, such as base stations; or, the functionality of an A-IoT-enabled UE can also be implemented by terminal devices. AIoT devices can also be referred to as devices and can be implemented by terminal devices within a cellular network, such as ultra-low-power, ultra-low-complexity IoT terminal devices (e.g., Type I terminal devices). Non-contact data communication can be performed between network devices and Type I terminal devices to read information from and / or write information that needs to be stored into the Type I terminal devices. AIoT technology can be used to implement one or more of the following services: inventory, positioning, sensing, or command. For example, command-line operations can include implementing read, write, disable, kill, or lock processes. In terms of application scope, AIoT technology can be applied to scenarios such as logistics, warehousing, industrial manufacturing, identity recognition, and environmental monitoring.

[0348] Inventory management involves using readers (e.g., base stations or terminal devices) to connect to AIoT devices within the coverage area. Successfully connected devices need to send their unique identifier (identifiable by the network, such as the EPC in RFID) to the reader. Inventory management, also known as a checklist operation, retrieves tag identification information. For example, readers can use commands like `query` and `ACK` to obtain tag identification information. To facilitate tag inventory, tags include four session identifiers, each corresponding to two inventory states: A and B. The inventory state is indicated by a sessInventoried flag. When a reader selects a tag, the selection command sent to it includes a session identifier, which the tag then stores. When the reader performs inventory management on the tag, the query command sent to it includes the session identifier, at which point the tag can flip its inventory state from A to B. If the reader sends a query command to perform inventory operations again, the tag will not respond to the reader because the inventory status of the tag is B, thus avoiding the same tag being inventoried multiple times in the same inventory cycle.

[0349] Positioning is the process of using location signals to pinpoint the location of AIoT devices.

[0350] Sensing involves AIoT devices reporting sensor data to the base station, such as temperature data.

[0351] Commands are operational instructions, such as read, write, disable, kill, or lock. Read operations can read the EPC, tag identifier (TID), content stored in the tag's reserved area, or content stored in the user's storage area from the tag's memory. Write operations can perform write operations on the tag's storage area; for example, a network device (e.g., a base station) can send a downlink command and data to instruct the AIoT device to write data to its storage area. Disable operations can temporarily or permanently disable the tag, preventing both reading and writing of data to its memory. Kill operations can permanently disable the tag. Lock operations can lock the tag's information, preventing read or write operations on that tag. Alternatively, lock operations can also lock a storage area, preventing or disallowing read or write operations on that storage area; for example, a network device can send a downlink command to instruct the AIoT device to lock a specified address in the storage area, making the contents of that storage area immutable and / or unreadable.

[0352] 3. AIoT devices:

[0353] With the increasing application of MTC and IoT communication in 5G NR communication, the number of connected IoT devices is growing daily. Therefore, the industry's demand for reduced cost and power consumption of IoT devices is becoming increasingly strong. During the 4G era, 3GPP introduced Narrow-Band IoT (NB-IoT) systems. However, NB-IoT terminals still require external power (battery) and have the ability to generate local high-frequency carrier waves, thus limiting their power consumption to milliwatts. But with the evolution and development of 5G IoT, the need for lower-power terminals in 5G networks is growing. Passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides a good technical reference for low power consumption, supporting microwatt-level power consumption. RFID terminals (tags) use low-precision, low-power mid-to-low frequency ring oscillators or receive downlink signals without a local oscillator. When the tag is working, the energy and carrier wave for communication are supplied by the reader, and communication is based on reflected carrier waves.

[0354] Given the low power consumption advantage of RFID communication technology, 5G AIoT has emerged. To meet ultra-low power consumption requirements, terminal devices in AIoT also use low-precision, low-power mid-to-low frequency ring oscillators or receivers without a local oscillator to receive downlink signals. This receiving method further reduces the power consumption of downlink reception. However, for such low-power receiving methods, only amplitude detection, such as envelope detection, can be performed because a low-precision ring oscillator alone cannot guarantee accurate demodulation of signal phase information.

[0355] AIoT devices can be divided into three categories: device A, device B, and device C.

[0356] (1) Device A (similar to a passive tag): It has no energy storage, cannot generate independent signals, and uses backscattering to transmit signals.

[0357] (2) Device B (similar to a semi-passive tag): It has energy storage but cannot generate signals independently; it uses backscattering to transmit signals. The energy it stores can amplify the reflected signal.

[0358] (3) Device C (similar to an active tag): It has energy storage, can generate signals independently, and has active radio frequency (RF) components for transmission.

[0359] The 3GPP meeting further defined the following three types of AIoT devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b.

[0360] (1) Device 1: Peak power consumption is approximately 1μW, with energy storage function, and initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) reaches 10. X At parts per million (ppm), it cannot amplify downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) signals. It requires an external carrier signal for backscatter communication to enable uplink transmission.

[0361] (2) Device 2a: Peak power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW, with energy storage function, and initial sampling frequency offset of 10. X ppm can amplify DL and / or UL signals. An external carrier signal is required for backscatter communication in order to perform uplink transmission.

[0362] (3) Device 2b: Peak power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW, with energy storage function, and initial sampling frequency offset of 10. X ppm, capable of DL and / or UL signal amplification. The device can perform uplink transmission without relying on an externally provided carrier.

[0363] 4. AIoT data and / or signaling:

[0364] AIoT data and / or signaling are related to AIoT services. For example, for inventory services, AIoT data and / or signaling may include a device ID or an encrypted device ID; for read command services, AIoT data and / or signaling may include read commands and / or read response data; for write command services, AIoT data and / or signaling may include write commands and / or write feedback; for other AIoT services, AIoT data and / or signaling may include the corresponding uplink (UL) data (UL Data) reported by the AIoT device to the AIoT-enabled UE.

[0365] Figure 7 illustrates the CN architecture applicable to the aforementioned communication system 200. As shown in Figure 7, AIoT devices and UEs can exchange AIoT data and / or signaling via the AIoT radio interface. The UE exchanges AIoT data and / or signaling with AIoT-enabled core network elements (AIoT tag management function (TMF) network elements as shown in Figure 7) through an AIoT-enabled gNB. There can be various communication methods between the AIoT-enabled gNB and the AIoT-enabled core network elements.

[0366] The embodiments of this application can be applied to the network architecture of topology 2, where the UE acts as an A-IoT-enable UE to perform AIoT services.

[0367] Under the topology 2 architecture, there are currently three solutions that can be used to transmit one or more of the following: messages, data, or signaling related to AIoT services.

[0368] Solution 1: RRC-based solution. Here, A-IoT-enabled UE refers to a UE that is A-IoT-enabled.

[0369] The protocol stack corresponding to solution 1 can be seen in Figure 7(a). The AIoT device includes AIoT radio protocol layers for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE. The A-IoT-enabled UE includes AIoT radio protocol layers for communication with the AIoT device, as well as the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and Physical (PHY) layer for communication with access network devices. The access network device includes the RRC layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE; it also includes the XXAP layer, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) layer, Internet Protocol (IP) layer, Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 1 (L1) for communication with AIoT core network elements. The AIoT core network elements include the XXAP layer, SCTP layer, IP layer, L2 layer, and L1 layer, which communicate with access network devices. These AIoT core network elements may be, for example, AIoTF, or AMF capable of executing AIoT services or implementing AIoT functions.

[0370] Specifically, after the access network device receives an AIoT service-related request from the AIoT core network element via XXAP, it can further send the relevant information to the A-IoT-enabled UE via RRC message; when the access network device receives AIoT service-related data / signaling from the A-IoT-enabled UE via RRC, it can further transmit the relevant information to the AIoT core network element via XXAP.

[0371] As shown in Figure 7(a), information related to AIoT services can be forwarded via NR Uu RRC between an AIoT-enabled UE and an AIoT-enabled gNB.

[0372] AIoT devices include one or more of the following protocol layers: for transmitting AIoT service-related information between the AIoT device and the AIoT CN; and an AIoT wireless protocol layer for transmitting AIoT service-related information between the AIoT device and the AIoT-enabled UE.

[0373] AIoT-enabled UEs include one or more of the following protocol layers: AIoT radio protocol layer, used to transmit AIoT service-related information between AIoT devices and AIoT-enabled UEs; RRC, which can be used to transmit AIoT service-related information between AIoT-enabled UEs and AIoT-enabled gNBs; PDCP, RLC, MAC, or PHY.

[0374] AIoT-enabled gNBs include one or more of the following protocol layers: XXAP, SCTP, IP, L2, L1, RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, or PHY.

[0375] AIoT CN includes one or more of the following protocol layers: XXAP, SCTP, IP, L2, or L1.

[0376] The gNB supporting AIoT can include the following functions: allocating time and frequency resources for communication between the UE and AIoT devices, and transmitting AIoT service-related data and / or signaling. The core network element supporting AIoT can be one of the following: access and mobile management function (AMF), TMF element, ambient IoT management function (AIoTMF), ambient IoT function (AIoTF), AIoT-aware core network (AIoT-aware CN), or other core network elements / nodes / devices that support or enable AIoT.

[0377] The UE can be called an AIoT-enabled UE, an A-IoT-enable UE, or an intermediate node.

[0378] Solution 2: NAS-based solution.

[0379] The protocol stack for solution 2 can be found in Figure 7(b). The AIoT device includes AIoT radio protocol layers for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE. The A-IoT-enabled UE includes AIoT radio protocol layers for communication with the AIoT device, a NAS layer for communication with AIoT core network elements, and 5G-access network protocol layers (AN protocol layers) for communication with access network devices. The access network devices include 5G-AN protocol layers for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE; they also include next-generation application protocol (NGAP) layers, SCTP layers, IP layers, L2, and L1 layers for communication with AIoT core network elements. The AIoT core network elements include a NAS layer for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE, and also NGAP layers, SCTP layers, IP layers, L2, and L1 layers for communication with access network devices. These AIoT core network elements can be, for example, a TMF (Technology Management Function), or an AMF (Application Function) capable of executing AIoT services or implementing AIoT functions.

[0380] Solution 2 can be understood as follows: one or more of the messages, data, or signaling related to AIoT services between the AIoT core network elements and the A-IoT-enabled UE are carried on the DL NAS packet or UL NAS packet of the A-IoT-enabled UE for transmission (where the access network device can transparently transmit the NAS packet). The access network device can process the NAS packet of the A-IoT-enabled UE on the NGAP interface through the existing DL NAS transport message (DL NASTransport msg) and / or UL NAS Transport msg.

[0381] As shown in Figure 7(b), the gNB cannot see the AIoT-related processes; these processes are implemented within the NAS layer of the A-IoT-enable UE. A NAS layer exists between the AIoT-enabled UE and the AIoT CN for transmitting AIoT service-related information. When the AIoT CN knows about the AIoT-enabled UE and the AIoT-enabled gNB, AIoT service-related information (e.g., service requests) can be transmitted through the NAS between the AIoT-enabled UE and the AIoT CN.

[0382] AIoT devices include one or more of the following protocol layers: AIoT wireless protocol layer, used to transmit AIoT service-related information between the AIoT device and the AIoT-enabled UE.

[0383] AIoT-enabled UEs include one or more of the following protocol layers: AIoT radio protocol layer, NAS, or 5G access network (AN) protocol layer. The 5G access network protocol layer may include one or more of the following: RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, or PHY.

[0384] AIoT-enabled gNBs include one or more of the following protocol layers: 5G access network protocol layer, NGAP, SCTP, IP, L2, or L1.

[0385] AIoT CN includes one or more of the following protocol layers: NAS, NGAP, SCTP, IP, L2, or L1.

[0386] Solution 3: User plane (UP) based solution

[0387] The protocol stack for solution 3 can be found in Figure 7(c). The AIoT device includes AIoT radio protocol layers for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE. The A-IoT-enabled UE includes AIoT radio protocol layers for communication with the AIoT device, a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) layer for communication with core network elements, and 5G-AN protocol layers for communication with access network devices. The access network devices include 5G-AN protocol layers for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE; they also include the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunneling Protocol User Plane (GTP-U) layer, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer, IP layer, L2, and L1 layers for communication with core network elements. The core network elements include the PDU layer for communication with the A-IoT-enabled UE, and also the GTP-U layer, UDP layer, SCTP layer, IP layer, L2, and L1 layers for communication with access network devices. This core network element is, for example, a core network user plane device, such as a UPF. This core network element can communicate with AIoT core network elements, or can communicate with AIoT core network elements through other network elements (such as AMFs). This AIoT core network element is, for example, a TMF, or an AMF capable of executing AIoT services or implementing AIoT functions. For example, this core network element can send one or more of the following messages, data, or signaling related to AIoT services from an A-IoT-enabled UE or access network device to itself; similarly, this core network element can send one or more of the following AIoT service-related messages, data, or signaling from an AIoT core network element to an A-IoT-enabled UE or access network device.

[0388] AIoT service-related data / signaling between AIoT core network elements and A-IoT-enabled UEs can be carried on the PDU Session of the A-IoT-enabled UE (access network devices can transmit transparently). The access network device can process the user plane data of the A-IoT-enabled UE through channels such as next-generation user plane (NG-U) and general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol user plane (GTP-U).

[0389] As shown in Figure 7(c), the gNB cannot see the AIoT-related processes. AIoT service-related data / signaling between the AIoT CN and the A-IoT-enable UE is transmitted on the A-IoT-enable UE's PDU Session (transparently transmitted to the A-IoT-enable gNB). The gNB processes the A-IoT-enable UE's user plane data through the NG-U GTP-U channel. A PDU layer exists between the AIoT-enabled UE and the AIoT CN for transmitting AIoT service-related information. When the AIoT CN knows about the AIoT-enabled UE and the AIoT-enabled gNB, AIoT service-related information (e.g., service requests) can be transmitted through the PDU between the AIoT-enabled UE and the AIoT CN.

[0390] AIoT devices include one or more of the following protocol layers: AIoT wireless protocol layer, used to transmit AIoT service-related information between the AIoT device and the AIoT-enabled UE.

[0391] AIoT-enabled UEs include one or more of the following protocol layers: AIoT radio protocol layer, NAS, or 5G access network (AN) protocol layer. The 5G access network protocol layer may include one or more of the following: RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC, or PHY.

[0392] AIoT-enabled gNBs include one or more of the following protocol layers: 5G access network protocol layer, GTP-U, UDP, IP, L2, or L1.

[0393] AIoT CN includes one or more of the following protocol layers: PDU layer, GTP-U, UDP, IP, L2, or L1.

[0394] Figure 7 is merely an exemplary protocol stack corresponding to the three solutions above. Alternatively, any one or more of the three solutions above may correspond to other forms of protocol stacks, without limitation.

[0395] Based on the aforementioned communication system, network devices (e.g., readers) and AIoT devices interact through communication, sending and receiving paging messages on defined time-domain resources. The specific communication interaction process between the two is illustrated in Figure 8 below.

[0396] As shown in Figure 8, the communication interaction process includes:

[0397] S810, the reader sends the first message to the AIoT device, the first message indicating parameters.

[0398] The parameters include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number N of paging frames PF included in the paging cycle, the identifier UE_ID of the AIoT device, the number Ns of paging opportunities included in the paging frame PF, the value range of N, the value range of PF_offset, the number of frames included in the paging cycle or the time domain length of the paging cycle, the number of frames included in the SSB cycle or the time domain length of the SSB cycle, etc.

[0399] Accordingly, the AIoT device receives the first message and obtains the aforementioned parameters.

[0400] S810 is an optional step.

[0401] S820: AIoT devices calculate the system frame number of the PF based on parameters.

[0402] The AIoT device calculates the system frame number of the PF based on the parameters and the following formulas (e.g., formula (1) or formula (3)). Please refer to the following text for a description of the formulas.

[0403] Furthermore, the AIoT device calculates the PF's system frame number based on the parameters mentioned above, the formula below, and other parameters. These other parameters can come from the reader or be pre-configured.

[0404] S830: AIoT devices calculate the index of PO based on parameters.

[0405] The AIoT device calculates the index of PO based on the parameters and the formulas below (e.g., formula (2)). Please refer to the following text for a description of the formulas.

[0406] Furthermore, the AIoT device calculates the index of the PO based on the parameters mentioned above, the formula below, and other parameters. These other parameters can come from the reader or be pre-configured.

[0407] S840, the reader calculates the system frame number of the PF based on the parameters.

[0408] The reader calculates the system frame number of the PF based on the parameters and the following formulas (e.g., formula (1) or formula (3)). Please refer to the following text for a description of the formulas.

[0409] Furthermore, the reader / writer calculates the system frame number of the PF based on the above parameters, the following formula, and other parameters. These other parameters can come from the AIoT device or be pre-configured.

[0410] S850, the reader calculates the index of PO based on the parameters.

[0411] The reader calculates the index of the PO based on the parameters and the following formulas (e.g., formula (2)). Please refer to the following text for a description of the formulas.

[0412] Furthermore, the reader / writer calculates the index of the PO based on the parameters mentioned above, the formula below, and other parameters. These other parameters can come from the AIoT device or be pre-configured.

[0413] Among them, all or part of S840 and S850 can be located before or after S810.

[0414] Furthermore, there is no difference in the order of S840 and S810, nor is there a difference in the order of S850 and S30.

[0415] S860, the reader sends a paging message on the time-domain resource corresponding to the calculated PF system frame number (optionally, also includes the PO index).

[0416] After calculating the PF system frame number, the reader sends a paging message on the time domain resource corresponding to that PF system frame number.

[0417] Furthermore, after calculating the PF system frame number, the reader also calculates the PO index and sends a paging message on the time domain resource corresponding to the PO index in the PF system frame number.

[0418] S870: AIoT devices periodically wake up to detect paging messages on the time-domain resources corresponding to the PF system frame number (optionally, also including the PO index) calculated by themselves.

[0419] Specifically, after calculating the PF system frame number, the AIoT device periodically wakes up to detect the PDCCH on the time-domain resources corresponding to that PF system frame number. Upon detecting the PDCCH, it determines whether it is a paging request for itself based on the scrambled Paging-Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI) on the PDCCH. For example, after detecting the first PDCCH, it determines that it is a paging request for itself based on the scrambled P-RNTI, and then obtains the time-frequency location of the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) based on the DCI carried by the first PDCCH. The AIoT device then receives the PDSCH at the time-frequency location of the PDSCH and obtains the paging message content carried by the PDSCH based on the received PDSCH. As another example, after detecting the second PDCCH, it determines that it is not a paging request for itself based on the scrambled P-RNTI, and then continues to periodically wake up to detect the PDCCH at the aforementioned PO or PF.

[0420] Furthermore, after calculating the PF system frame number, the AIoT device calculates the PO index. It then periodically wakes up the detection PDCCH on the time-domain resource corresponding to the PO index within the PF system frame number. Upon detecting a PDCCH, it determines whether it is a paging request for itself based on the scrambled Paging-Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI) on the PDCCH. For example, after detecting the first PDCCH, it determines it is a paging request for itself based on the scrambled P-RNTI. Then, it obtains the time-frequency location of the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) based on the DCI carried by the first PDCCH. The AIoT device then receives the PDSCH at the time-frequency location and obtains the paging message content carried by the received PDSCH. Alternatively, after detecting the second PDCCH, it determines it is not a paging request for itself based on the scrambled P-RNTI, and then continues to periodically wake up the detection PDCCH at the aforementioned PO or PF.

[0421] In the aforementioned communication system, network devices (e.g., readers) broadcast synchronization signals and physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs) to AIoT devices at regular intervals (also known as SSB cycles). AIoT devices detect (or receive) these SSBs. The following examples, in conjunction with Figures 9 and 10, illustrate the logical relationships involved in the paging methods of the communication system in the time domain.

[0422] As shown in Figure 9(a), T0, T1, ... are specific paging periods, also known as discontinuous reception (DRX) periods. A paging period includes k+1 paging frames (PFs). Taking paging period T0 as an example, T0 includes N PFs, namely PF0, PF1, PF2, ..., PFk, N = k+1. PF0, PF1, PF2, ..., PFk are specific PFs. The time-domain length of each PF is equal, and the number of frames included in each PF is L1. PF0 represents the first PF in T0, PF1 represents the second PF in T0, ...

[0423] Optionally, PF includes Ns paging occasions (PO). PO includes multiple Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions (PMO), with each PMO occupying one slot. Taking PF 0 as an example, PF 0 includes PO 0, PO 1, ..., PO Ns-1. Optionally, PO supports a maximum of 32 paging AIoT devices (also known as UEs).

[0424] It should be noted that since the transmission or reception of paging messages and SSBs are periodic, the various concepts involved in this application are also periodic. For example, paging period, SSB period, paging frame PF, PO, SSB, SIB, paging resource step size, and paging time domain resources are all periodically distributed across the entire time domain resources. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the above concepts refer to a single concept. For example, paging period refers to a single SSB period, SSB period refers to a single SSB period, paging frame PF refers to a single paging frame PF, PO refers to a single PO, SSB refers to a single SSB, SIB refers to a single SIB, paging resource step size refers to a single SIB, and paging time domain resources refer to a single paging time domain resource, etc. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, phrases such as "paging period includes..." in this application indicate that a single paging period includes... For example, "paging period includes k+1 paging frames" means that a single paging period includes k+1 paging frames. For example, "PF includes Ns paging opportunities" means that a single PF or each PF includes Ns paging opportunities. For example, "The paging cycle includes..." means that a single paging cycle or each paging cycle includes... For example, "The SSB cycle includes..." means that a single SSB cycle or each SSB cycle includes... For example, "The SSB includes..." means that a single SSB or each SSB includes... For example, "The SIB includes..." means that a single SIB or each SIB includes... For example, "The paging frame includes..." means that a single paging frame or each paging frame includes...

[0425] Optionally, PF does not further divide PO, as shown in Figure 10.

[0426] In Figure 10, the temporal length of each PF is equal, and the number of frames included in each PF is L1.

[0427] The AIoT device periodically wakes up at the aforementioned PO or PF to detect the PDCCH. Upon detecting the PDCCH, it determines whether it is a paging request for itself based on the scrambled Paging-Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI) on the PDCCH. For example, after detecting the first PDCCH, it determines that it is a paging request for itself based on the scrambled P-RNTI. Then, it obtains the time-frequency location of the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) based on the DCI carried by the first PDCCH. The AIoT device then receives the PDSCH at the time-frequency location of the PDSCH and obtains the paging message content carried by the PDSCH based on the received PDSCH. Alternatively, after detecting the second PDCCH, it determines that it is not a paging request for itself based on the scrambled P-RNTI, and then continues to periodically wake up at the aforementioned PO or PF to detect the PDCCH.

[0428] As shown in Figure 9(a), the reader calculates the PF time-domain location and PO time-domain location based on the AIoT device's Device ID (also known as UE_ID or UEID), formula (1), and formula (2), and then sends a paging message at the calculated PF time-domain location and PO time-domain location. The AIoT device calculates the PF time-domain location and PO time-domain location based on its own Device ID (also known as UE_ID or UEID) and the following formulas (1)-(2), and then periodically wakes up to answer the paging message at the calculated PF time-domain location and PO time-domain location.

[0429] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 10(a), the PF is no longer further divided into POs. The reader calculates the PF time-domain location based on part or all of the AIoT device's Device ID and formula (1), and then sends a paging message at the calculated PF time-domain location. The AIoT device calculates the PF time-domain location based on part or all of its own Device ID and formula (1), and then periodically wakes up to answer paging messages at the calculated PF time-domain location.

[0430] The formulas for calculating the System Frame Number (SFN) of the PF by the reader and the AIoT device are as follows: Formula (1).

[0431] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=(T div N)*(UE_ID mod N) Formula (1)

[0432] Wherein, SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, that is, the paging cycle includes T frames, div is quotient, N is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging cycle, that is, the paging cycle includes N PFs, and UE_ID is the identifier of the AIoT device.

[0433] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0434] The formula for calculating the index i_s of PO by the reader and the AIoT device is formula (2).

[0435] The index i_s of PO is: i_s = floor (UE_ID / N) mod Ns (Formula 2)

[0436] Where floor means floor, which is the floor of the quotient of UE_ID / N. UE_ID is the identifier of the AIoT device. N is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging period, that is, the paging period includes N PFs. mod means modulo (i.e., remainder). Ns is the number of paging opportunities included in the paging frame PF, that is, the PF includes Ns POs.

[0437] According to formula (1), different AIoT devices have different UE_IDs, therefore different AIoT devices correspond to different PF time-domain locations. According to formula (2), different AIoT devices have different UE_IDs, therefore different AIoT devices correspond to different PO time-domain locations.

[0438] In Figure 9(a), the POs included in PF may not have any time-domain inclusion relationship with SSB 0 to SSB S-1, where S is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, and the time-domain length (i.e., time-domain length) of SSBs from SSB 0 to SSB S-1 is the same. Taking PO 0 to PO Ns-1 included in PF 0 as an example, assuming the calculated PF is PF 0, the calculated PO is one of the POs from PO 0 to PO Ns-1 (e.g., PO i), which may not include SSB 0 to SSB S-1, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to Ns-1, while other POs in PO i may include SSB 0 to SSB S-1. For example, assuming the time-domain position of the calculated PF is PF j, where j is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to k, k = N-1, any PO included in PF j may not have any time-domain inclusion relationship with SSB 0 to SSB S-1. In other words, after the AIoT device calculates the PF time domain location and PO time domain location based on its own UE_ID, formula (1) and formula (2), it may be unable to receive SSB at the PF time domain location and the PO time domain location.

[0439] In Figure 10(a), the calculated PF may not have any temporal overlap with SSB 0 to SSB S-1, where the temporal lengths (i.e., temporal lengths) of SSBs 0 to SSB S-1 are all the same. Assume the calculated PF is PFj, where j is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to k, k = N-1, and PFj does not include SSB 0 to SSB S-1. That is, after the AIoT device calculates the temporal location of the PF based on its UE_ID and formula (1), it may be unable to receive SSBs at that PF temporal location.

[0440] Therefore, formula (1) needs to be adjusted. By introducing PF_offset, formula (1) is adjusted to:

[0441] The system frame number of PF is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(UE_ID mod N) Formula (3)

[0442] Wherein, SFN is the system frame number of PF, PF_offset is the offset frame number of the paging frame, that is, offset by PF_offset frames, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, that is, the paging cycle includes T frames, div is quotient, N is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging cycle, and UE_ID is the identifier of the AIoT device.

[0443] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0444] To better enable frequency division multiplexing of PF and SSB, increasing PF_offset moves PF to the same time domain position as SSB, which helps improve the synchronization effect of SSB and can reserve more time domain resources for other services.

[0445] By selecting an appropriate PF_offset, the corresponding PF time-domain position can be calculated, ensuring that the AIoT device can receive paging messages at that PF time-domain position, thus avoiding conflict with the time-domain position of the receiving SSB.

[0446] The 3GPP standard's PCCH-Config field defines the values ​​of N and PF_offset. N can take the values ​​T, T / 2, T / 4, T / 8, and T / 16. Different values ​​of N correspond to different sets of PF_offset values. For example, when N = T, PF_offset = null; when N = T / 2, PF_offset = 0 or 1; when N = T / 4, PF_offset = 0, 1, 2, or 3; when N = T / 8, PF_offset = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7; and when N = T / 16, PF_offset = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15.

[0447] The PCCH-Config field is described as follows:

[0448] The configuration relationship between N and PF_offset is as follows:

[0449] Formula (2) can remain unchanged.

[0450] As shown in Figure 9(b), the reader and the AIoT device can calculate the PF time domain position and the corresponding PO time domain position at the corresponding system frame number based on their own UE_ID, formula (3) and formula (2). Thus, the reader sends SSB at the PF time domain position and the PO time domain position, and the AIoT device can receive SSB at the PF time domain position and the PO time domain position.

[0451] As shown in Figure 10(b), the reader and AIoT device can calculate the PF time-domain position of the corresponding system frame number based on their own UE_ID and formula (3). The reader then sends an SSB at the PF time-domain position and the PO time-domain position, and the AIoT device can receive the SSB at the PF time-domain position. In Figure 10(b), PF_OFFSET 0 represents the first offset, PF_OFFSET 1 represents the second offset, and so on. SSB 0 represents the first SSB in PF 0, and so on, with SSB S-1 representing the Sth SSB in PF 0.

[0452] In addition to receiving SSBs, AIoT devices may also receive system messages (such as System Information Blocks, SIBs).

[0453] AIoT devices may calculate the time domain location of receiving paging based on formula (3), or based on formula (3) and formula (2). This may result in a large-scale conflict between the calculated time domain location of receiving paging and the time domain location of SSB or system message, thereby affecting the paging success rate.

[0454] For example, Figure 11 illustrates the principle that a paging method may encounter collisions between paging time-domain resources and downlink common resources in the time domain. As shown in Figures 11(a), (b), and (c), during the paging period T... i (Paging cycle T) i Let T represent the i-th paging cycle. In this cycle, the SSB comprises t0 frames, the SIB comprises t1 frames, the time domain length between two adjacent SIBs is the SIB cycle, and the time domain length between SSB 0 and SSB S-1 is the paging cycle. All SIB cycles are equal. PF comprises L1 frames. The SIB cycle M... i This indicates the i-th SIB period. All SIB periods have the same time domain length, which is M frames. In addition, the adjacent SIB and SSB in Figures 11(a), (b) and (c) (for example, SIB and SSB j-1 are adjacent) are only illustrative and may not be adjacent.

[0455] For example, the time domain length of the SSB can be 40 milliseconds (ms), or it can be other values.

[0456] For example, the time domain length of the SIB can be 160 milliseconds (ms), or it can be other values.

[0457] For example, SIB period M i The time domain length can be 2560 milliseconds (ms) or other values.

[0458] For example, the paging cycle T i The time domain length can be 1280 milliseconds (ms) or 640 milliseconds (ms), or other values.

[0459] During paging cycle T i In this context, because AIoT devices also periodically receive paging messages, if the paging time domain resources for receiving paging messages are set as shown in Figure 11(b), it will cause a conflict between the time domain location for receiving paging messages and the time domain location for receiving SSBs, as shown in the two "conflict" marks in Figure 11(b). Since the time domain location for receiving paging messages is set periodically, this will lead to large-scale conflicts, thus affecting the paging success rate.

[0460] Furthermore, in the paging cycle T i Taking the SIB receiving before SSB j-1 as an example, since the AIoT device also periodically receives paging messages, if the paging time domain resources for receiving paging messages are set as shown in Figure 11(c), it will cause a conflict between the time domain position of receiving paging messages and the time domain position of receiving SIB, as shown in the two "conflict" marks in Figure 11(c). Since the time domain position of receiving paging messages is set periodically, this will lead to large-scale conflicts, thus affecting the paging success rate.

[0461] It should be noted that Figures 11(b) and (c) are schematic diagrams to clearly illustrate the principle of collision between paging time domain resources and downlink public resources.

[0462] Furthermore, the SSB period can be as shown in Figure 12. For example, the SSB period can be the time domain length between the start position of SSB j-1 and the start position of SSB j. Or, for another example, the SSB period can be the time domain length between the end position of SSB j-1 and the end position of SSB j.

[0463] To address the technical problem of large-scale conflicts between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the SSB time-domain location, this application provides a paging method and apparatus that can reduce the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the SSB time-domain location, thereby ensuring a high paging success rate. Furthermore, the paging method and apparatus provided in this application can also resolve the technical problem of large-scale conflicts between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the time-domain location of the received system message.

[0464] Example 1

[0465] To address the technical problem of a large-scale conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the paging receiver and the SSB time-domain location, the paging method and apparatus proposed in this application also apply to the process shown in Figure 8. All communication interaction processes in Figure 8 are referenced in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, in the paging method and apparatus proposed in this application, the following stipulation is made: the paging period is P times the SSB period, where P is a positive integer.

[0466] For ease of explanation, let's take the paging cycle in Figure 13, which includes 3 SSBs, as an example. The paging cycle includes 3 SSBs, that is, the paging cycle T. i It includes 3 SSBs. The SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs, i.e., the SSB period Q. i It includes one SSB, as shown in Figure 13(a). The start and end positions of the SSB cycle are not limited to those shown in Figure 13(a), but can also be as shown in Figure 12. In Figure 13(a), the paging cycle is 3 times the SSB cycle, i.e., P = 3.

[0467] The formulas for the reader and AIoT device to calculate the System Frame Number (SFN) of the PF are as follows: Formula (4).

[0468] The system frame number SFN of PF is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N) Formula (4)

[0469] Wherein, SFN is the system frame number of the PF, PF_offset is the offset frame number of the paging frame (i.e., offset by PF_offset frames), mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes T frames), div is quotient, N is the number of paging frames (PF) included in the paging cycle, and ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle, and P is a positive integer. This ID uniquely identifies the AIoT device.

[0470] The reason why Formula (4) uses ID instead of UE_ID is that, under the requirement of uniquely identifying AIoT devices, the UE_ID part can also play this role in some cases.

[0471] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0472] It should be noted that when 0 < N < 1, the number N of paging frames (PF) included in a paging cycle can be understood as the number Y*N of paging frames (PF) included in Y paging cycles. For example, N = 0.5 means that the number of paging frames (PF) included in a paging cycle is 0.5, which can be understood as 1 paging frame (PF) included in every 2 paging cycles (Y = 2), or 2 paging frames (PF) included in every 4 paging cycles (Y = 4), etc. The number of paging frames (PF) included in every 2 paging cycles is 1 (Y = 2), which can be understood as the first paging cycle of the two paging cycles not including a paging frame (PF), and the second paging cycle including one paging frame (PF); or, it can be understood as the first paging cycle of the two paging cycles including one paging frame (PF), and the second paging cycle not including a paging frame (PF).

[0473] Preferably, 1 ≤ N ≤ P.

[0474] Alternatively, in addition to limiting the number of PFs within a paging cycle by limiting the range of N, the number of PFs within a paging cycle can also be limited by limiting the time domain length (T / N) of the PFs.

[0475] Furthermore, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, where t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB. That is, the temporal length corresponding to 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0 * f, where t0 is the temporal length of the SSB and f is the frame length. For example, the frame length f can be 10 milliseconds (ms), or other values.

[0476] By using formula (4), the range of N, the range of PF_offset, and the paging period being P times the SSB period, PF does not conflict with SSB in the time domain resource step size shown in Figure 13(a), thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain position of the receiving paging and the time domain position of SSB.

[0477] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 13(a), in the paging time-domain resource step, PF is located after SSB 0 and before SSB 1. PF does not conflict with either SSB 0 or SSB 1 in the time domain.

[0478] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 13(a), in the paging time-domain resource step, PF is located after the end position of SSB 0 and before the start position of SSB 1.

[0479] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 13(a), PF is adjacent to SSB 0.

[0480] In Figure 13, the temporal lengths of all PFs are equal, and the number of frames included in each PF is L1.

[0481] Additionally, the paging time-domain resource step shown in Figure 13(a) is only an example.

[0482] Optionally, the starting position of the paging time domain resource step can be the starting position of SSB 0, and the ending position of the paging time domain resource step can be the starting position of SSB 1.

[0483] It should be noted that although Figure 13(a) only illustrates one paging time-domain resource step, those skilled in the art will understand that the paging time-domain resource step is also periodic, and other paging time-domain resource steps are similar. For example, the starting position of the next paging time-domain resource step is the ending position of SSB 1, and the ending position of the next paging time-domain resource step is the ending position of SSB 2.

[0484] It should be noted that the paging time domain resource step size can be an integer multiple of the SSB period. In this embodiment, the paging time domain resource step size is equal to the SSB period as an example.

[0485] Alternatively, the reader and AIoT device are not involved in calculating the index of PO, in which case formula (2a) is not involved.

[0486] Optionally, the reader and AIoT device are not involved in calculating the index of the PO. In this case, the formula for calculating the index i_s of the PO by the reader and AIoT device respectively is formula (2a).

[0487] The index i_s of PO is: i_s = floor(ID / N) mod Ns (Formula (2a))

[0488] Where floor represents floor (rounding down), i.e., rounding down the quotient of ID / N; ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID; N is the number of paging frames (PF) included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes N PFs); mod represents modulo (i.e., remainder); and Ns is the number of paging opportunities included in the paging frame PF (i.e., the PF includes Ns POs). This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0489] Paging cycle T i The starting and ending positions can be as shown in Figure 13(a), (b), or (c). This application does not impose any limitations.

[0490] By using formula (4), the range of N, the range of PF_offset, the paging period being P times the SSB period, and formula (2), PO does not conflict with SSB in the time domain resources within the paging time domain resource step size shown in Figure 13, thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain position of the receiving paging and the time domain position of SSB.

[0491] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the paging method provided in the embodiments of this application. Figures 14(a), (b), and (c) all show the paging cycle T. i This includes S SSBs. Furthermore, the concepts of SSB period and paging time-domain resource step size are the same as described above and will not be repeated here. As shown in Figure 14(a), the paging time-domain resource step size includes a PF, which is located after the end position of the previous SSB and before the start position of the next SSB. Optionally, the PF is adjacent to the previous SSB.

[0492] In Figure 14(a), if PF is the first PF, then PF is located before the starting position of the first SSB.

[0493] As shown in Figures 14(b) and (c), each R resource paging step includes one PF, that is, the first resource paging step to the Rth resource paging step includes the first PF, the (R+1)th resource paging step to the 2Rth resource paging step includes the second PF, and so on. Taking the first to the Rth resource paging step as an example, the uth resource paging step includes the uth SSB, and the first PF is located after the end position of the (u-1)th SSB and before the start position of the uth SSB, where 1 < u ≤ R and 1 < R ≤ S. Optionally, the PF is adjacent to the (u-1)th SSB. In each R resource paging step, the PF is set at the corresponding time domain position according to the above rule.

[0494] It should be noted that Figures 14(a), (b), and (c) show the general temporal resource distribution. To further illustrate the temporal resource distribution more clearly, Figure 15 will be used as a reference below.

[0495] Optionally, taking R=2 and S=4 as an example, as shown in Figure 15(a), the resource paging step size includes one PF, that is, the first resource paging step size includes the first PF, the second resource paging step size includes the second PF, the third resource paging step size includes the third PF, and the fourth resource paging step size includes the fourth PF. The first PF is located before the start position of SSB 0; the second PF is located after the end position of SSB 0 and before the start position of SSB 1; the third PF is located after the end position of SSB 1 and before the start position of SSB 2; the fourth PF is located after the end position of SSB 2 and before the start position of SSB 3.

[0496] Alternatively, still taking R=2 and S=4 as an example, the first two resource paging steps (i.e., the first and second resource paging steps) include the first PF, and the last two resource paging steps (i.e., the third and fourth resource paging steps) include the second PF. In this case, there are two scenarios:

[0497] (i) The first PF is located in the first resource paging step, and the second PF is located in the third resource paging step. The first resource paging step includes the first SSB, and the third resource paging step includes the third SSB. The first PF is located before the start position of the first SSB; the second PF is located after the end position of the second SSB and before the start position of the third SSB. This situation can be understood as corresponding to Figure 15(b).

[0498] (ii) The first PF is located in the second resource paging step, and the second PF is located in the fourth resource paging step. The second resource paging step includes the second SSB, and the fourth resource paging step includes the fourth SSB. The first PF is located after the end position of the first SSB and before the start position of the second SSB; the second PF is located after the end position of the third SSB and before the start position of the fourth SSB. This situation can be understood as corresponding to (c) in Figure 15.

[0499] In Figures 14 and 15, the temporal length of PF is the same, and the number of frames included in PF is L1.

[0500] In addition to reducing the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the time-domain location of the SSB, the embodiments of this application can also reduce the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the time-domain location of the received system message (e.g., SIB). Two methods, Method 1 and Method 2, are provided exemplarily here.

[0501] Method 1

[0502] To reduce conflicts between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and system messages (e.g., SIBs), the reader can set parameters such as the number of frames L1 included in the PF, the number of frames t1 included in the SIB, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, the number of frames Q included in the SSB cycle, offset 1, and offset 2 according to formula (5). Wherein, L1 + t1 + offset 1 + offset 2 + t0 ≤ Q (Formula (5))

[0503] Where t1 is the number of frames included in the SIB, L1 is the number of frames included in the PF, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle, offset 1 is the number of frames offset in the time domain between the start position of the PF and the end position of SSB 0 in the same paging time domain resource step (or the same SSB cycle), and offset 2 is the number of frames offset in the time domain between the end position of the SIB and the start position of SSB 1 in the same paging time domain resource step (or the same SSB cycle).

[0504] Both offset 1 and offset 2 are too small relative to the SSB period Q. We can assume that offset 1≈0 or offset 1=0, offset 2≈0 or offset 2=0. Therefore, formula (5) can be simplified to: L1+t1+t0≤Q Formula (6)

[0505] Where t1 is the number of frames included in the SIB, L1 is the number of frames included in the PF, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, and Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle.

[0506] In other words, the reader can set parameters such as the number of frames L1 included in the PF, the number of frames t1 included in the SIB, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, and the number of frames Q included in the SSB cycle according to formula (6).

[0507] For example, in Figure 15(a), in the second paging time-domain resource step, the PF is located after the end position of SSB 0, and there is an offset of offset 1 (not shown in the figure) between the start position of the PF and the end position of SSB 0. When offset 1 is 0, the PF and SSB 0 are adjacent. Similarly, in the second paging time-domain resource step, there is an offset of offset 2 (not shown in the figure) between the end position of the SIB and the start position of SSB 1. When offset 2 is 0, the SIB and SSB 1 are adjacent. The number of frames included in the SIB is t1, the number of frames included in the PF is L1, the number of frames included in the SSB is t0, and the number of frames included in the SSB cycle is Q.

[0508] Thus, since the SSB period Q is sufficiently large, the PF is located after the end of the previous SSB (or even adjacent to the previous SSB), and the SIB is located before the start of the next SSB (or even adjacent to the next SSB). Therefore, there is no conflict between the PF and SIB in the time domain resources. Taking Figure 15(a) as an example, in the second paging time domain resource step, the SSB period Q is sufficiently large, the PF is adjacent to SSB 0, and the SIB is adjacent to SSB 1, so that there is no conflict between the PF and SIB in the time domain, thereby reducing or even avoiding the conflict between the calculated time domain position of the paging reception and the time domain position of the system message.

[0509] Method 2

[0510] To reduce the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the paging reception and the system message (e.g., SIB), since the SSB is sent periodically by the reader, the SIB is also sent by the reader, and the PF is also configured by the reader, the reader can predict in advance in which paging time-domain resource step or in which SSB cycle the PF and SIB will conflict.

[0511] The reader / writer may pre-configure the time domain resources of the PF, or the frequency domain resources of the PF, or not send paging messages on the PF, or not send paging messages in the paging time domain resource step or SSB period where there is a conflict, etc.

[0512] Alternatively, the reader can notify the AIoT device in advance of the conflicting paging time domain resource step or SSB period. The AIoT device may not receive paging messages during the conflicting paging time domain resource step or SSB period, or it may not receive paging messages on that PF, or it may receive paging messages but not respond to them.

[0513] In Example 1, by reusing existing formulas and setting different ranges of parameters in the formulas, the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the SSB is reduced. Furthermore, Example 1 reduces the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the system message (e.g., SIB) by adding new formulas or by targeting the paging time-domain resource step size or SSB period that has a conflict.

[0514] Example 2

[0515] To address the technical problem of a large-scale conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the paging receiver and the SSB time-domain location, the paging method and apparatus proposed in this application also apply to the process shown in Figure 8. All communication interaction flows in Figure 8 are referenced in Embodiment 2 and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, in the paging method and apparatus proposed in this application, the following stipulation is made: the paging period is P times the SSB period, where P is a positive integer. Embodiment 2 is described below with reference to Figure 16.

[0516] As shown in Figures 16(a) and (b), the paging cycle includes P paging time-domain resources, the paging time-domain resources include L1 frames, and the paging time-domain resources include N1 PFs, where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1.

[0517] As shown in Figure 16(a), if the starting position of the paging cycle is located at the starting position of the SSB, the formulas for the reader and the AIoT device to calculate the System Frame Number (SFN) of the PF are as follows: Formula (7).

[0518] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=(L1div N1)*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (7)

[0519] Wherein, SFN is the system frame number of PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging period, i.e., the paging period includes T frames, div is quotient, L1 is the number of frames included in the paging time domain resources, N1 is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q, Q is the number of frames included in the SSB period, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, i.e., the SSB includes t0 frames, N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, * indicates multiplication, and this ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0520] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0521] Thus, firstly, different AIoT devices are distributed across different paging time-domain resources within the paging cycle; secondly, for a specific paging time-domain resource within that paging cycle, one or more AIoT devices distributed across that paging time-domain resource are also distributed across different PFs; furthermore, since the start position of the paging cycle is located at the start position of the SSB, and formula (7) includes (ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0), the paging time-domain resource corresponding to the calculated PF system frame number is adjacent to the SSB. That is, if the calculated PF system frame number is X, then the start position of the paging time-domain resource corresponding to X is adjacent to the end position of the SSB.

[0522] For example, as shown in Figure 16(a), the calculated paging time-domain resources are adjacent to SSB 0, or adjacent to SSB 1, or adjacent to SSB 2, etc.

[0523] Optionally, the reader and AIoT device also need to calculate the index of the PO separately.

[0524] The formula for calculating the index i_s of PO by the reader and the AIoT device is formula (2a).

[0525] The index i_s of PO is: i_s = floor(ID / N1) mod Ns (Formula (2a))

[0526] Where floor represents floor, which is the floor of the quotient of ID / N1. ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID. N1 is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources. mod represents modulo (i.e., remainder). Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, i.e., PF includes Ns POs. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0527] As shown in Figure 16(b), if the starting position of the paging cycle is located at the ending position of the SSB, the formulas for the reader and the AIoT device to calculate the System Frame Number (SFN) of the PF are as follows: Formula (8).

[0528] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=(L1div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q Formula (8)

[0529] Wherein, SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging period (i.e., the paging period includes T frames), div is the quotient, L1 is the number of frames included in the paging time domain resources, N1 is the number of paging frames (PF) included in the paging time domain resources, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q (i.e., P = T / Q), Q is the SSB period, P is a positive integer, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0530] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0531] Thus, firstly, different AIoT devices are distributed across different paging time-domain resources within the paging cycle; secondly, for a specific paging time-domain resource within that paging cycle, one or more AIoT devices distributed across that paging time-domain resource are also distributed across different PFs; furthermore, since the start of the paging cycle is located at the end of the SSB, and formula (8) includes ((ID mod P)-1)*Q, the paging time-domain resource corresponding to the calculated PF system frame number is adjacent to the SSB. That is, if the calculated PF system frame number is X, then the start of the paging time-domain resource corresponding to X is adjacent to the end of the SSB.

[0532] For example, as shown in Figure 16(b), the calculated paging time-domain resources are adjacent to SSB0, or adjacent to SSB1, or adjacent to SSB2, etc.

[0533] Optionally, the reader and AIoT device also need to calculate the index of the PO separately.

[0534] The formulas for the reader and AIoT device to calculate the index i_s of PO are the formulas mentioned above (2a).

[0535] That is, the index i_s of PO is: i_s = floor(ID / N1) mod Ns (Formula (2a))

[0536] Where floor represents floor, which is the floor of the quotient of ID / N1. ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID. N1 is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources. mod represents modulo (i.e., remainder). Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, i.e., PF includes Ns POs. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0537] In addition to reducing the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the time-domain location of the SSB, Embodiment 2 can also reduce the conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the received paging and the time-domain location of the received system message (e.g., SIB), as in Method 1 and Method 2 of Embodiment 1. The contents of Method 1 and Method 2 described above are all referenced in Embodiment 2 and will not be repeated here.

[0538] Example 3

[0539] To address the technical problem of a large-scale conflict between the calculated time-domain location of the paging receiver and the SSB time-domain location, the paging method and apparatus proposed in this application also apply to the process shown in Figure 8. All communication interaction processes in Figure 8 are referenced in Embodiment 3 and will not be repeated here. Furthermore, in the paging method and apparatus proposed in this application, the following stipulation is made: the paging period is P times the SSB period, where P is a positive integer.

[0540] Considering the limited computing power of AIoT devices, the formulas in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 are further simplified to accommodate their computing capabilities. The simplified formula in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 is Embodiment 3. That is, apart from the formula simplification, all other features of Embodiment 3 are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, and are all referenced here in Embodiment 3 without further explanation. Specifically, the simplified formula in Embodiment 1 is Method 3, and the simplified formula in Embodiment 2 is Method 4.

[0541] Method 3

[0542] Formulas (4) and (2) of Example 1 can be simplified as follows. Formula (4) of Example 1 is simplified to Formula (9).

[0543] The system frame number of PF is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=K*(ID mod N) Formula (9)

[0544] Where SFN is the system frame number of the paging frame, PF_offset is the offset frame number of the paging frame (i.e., offset by PF_offset frames), mod is the modulo operation (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes T frames), N is the number of paging frames (PFs) included in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle, and K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle. The paging cycle is P times the SSB cycle, where P is a positive integer. This ID uniquely identifies the AIoT device.

[0545] K is a fixed value pre-configured on both the reader and the AIoT device. Alternatively, K is a parameter included in the first message of S810.

[0546] Furthermore, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, where t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB. That is, the temporal length corresponding to 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0 * f, where t0 is the temporal length of the SSB, and f is the frame length of each frame (not the frame length of each paging frame). For example, the frame length f can be 10 milliseconds (ms), or other values.

[0547] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0548] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, and that the number of frames T included in the paging cycle can be expressed as a first power of 2, formula (9) can be further simplified to formula (10).

[0549] The system frame number of PF is: (SFN+PF_offset)&(T-1)=K*(ID mod N) Formula (10)

[0550] Where SFN is the system frame number of the paging frame, PF_offset is the offset frame number of the paging frame (i.e., offset by PF_offset frames), & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes T frames), N is the number of paging frames (PFs) included in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle, and K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle. The paging cycle is P times the SSB cycle, where P is a positive integer. This ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in this environment.

[0551] In formula (10), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as (SFN+PF_offset), (T-1), etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, T=9, T-1=8, and 8, i.e. (T-1), is converted into binary as 1000.

[0552] In formula (10), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0553] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, when the number N of paging frames PF included in the paging cycle can be expressed as a second power of 2, formula (9) can be further simplified to formula (11).

[0554] The system frame number of PF is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=K*(ID&(N-1)) Formula (11)

[0555] Where SFN is the system frame number of the paging frame, PF_offset is the offset frame number of the paging frame (i.e., offset by PF_offset frames), mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes T frames), K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, & is bitwise AND, N is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging cycle, and ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, and Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle. The paging cycle is P times the SSB cycle, where P is a positive integer. This ID uniquely identifies the AIoT device.

[0556] In formula (11), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as ID, (N-1) etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, N = 15, N-1 = 14, and 14, i.e. (N-1), is converted into binary as 1110.

[0557] In formula (11), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations, the original decimal value is retained without being converted to binary for calculation, and binary data is converted to decimal for calculation. For example, if K = 3, the calculated (ID&(N-1)) = 2. When calculating multiplication, the result is obtained by using 3*2 = 6, without converting 3 (i.e., K) to binary for calculation. Among them, after performing the bitwise AND operation, the result of (ID&(N-1)) is binary data. Before performing the subsequent multiplication with K, the binary data is first converted to decimal data.

[0558] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, and that the number of frames T and the number of paging frames N in the paging cycle can both be expressed as powers of 2, formula (9) can be further simplified to formula (12). (SFN+PF_offset)&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N-1)) Formula (12)

[0559] Where SFN is the system frame number of the paging frame, PF_offset is the offset frame number of the paging frame (i.e., offset by PF_offset frames), & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes T frames), K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, N is the number of paging frames (PFs) included in the paging cycle, and ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, where Q is the number of frames included in the SSB cycle. The paging cycle is P times the SSB cycle, where P is a positive integer. This ID uniquely identifies the AIoT device.

[0560] In formula (12), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as (SFN+PF_offset), (T-1), ID, (N-1), etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, T=9, T-1=8, and 8, i.e. (T-1), is converted into binary as 1000.

[0561] In formula (12), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0562] Optionally, the reader and AIoT device also need to calculate the index of the PO separately.

[0563] Furthermore, formula (2) of Example 1 can be simplified to formula (13).

[0564] The index i_s of PO is: i_s = (ID >> X) & (Ns-1) Formula (13)

[0565] Wherein, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, X = log2N, N is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging cycle, >> is right shift, & is bitwise AND, and Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, that is, PF includes Ns POs. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0566] In formula (13), before the right shift, the parameter (ID) is first converted to binary representation, and then shifted right by X bits. In formula (13), before the bitwise AND operation, the parameters (such as (Ns-1)) are first converted to binary representation. For example, Ns = 6, Ns-1 = 5, and 5, i.e., (Ns-1), is converted to binary as 0101.

[0567] Calculating the PO index is not required. In some embodiments, the time-domain resources of the PO may not be configured, in which case it is not necessary to calculate the PO index.

[0568] Method 4

[0569] Formulas (7) and (2a) of Example 2 can be simplified as follows. Formula (7) of Example 2 is simplified to Formula (14).

[0570] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (14)

[0571] Wherein, SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is the modulo operation (i.e., remainder operation), T is the number of frames included in the paging period (i.e., the paging period includes T frames), K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q, Q is the SSB period, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB (i.e., the SSB includes t0 frames), and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0572] K is a fixed value pre-configured on both the reader and the AIoT device. Alternatively, K is a parameter included in the first message of S810.

[0573] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0574] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, and that the number of frames T included in the paging cycle can be expressed as a first power of 2, formula (14) can be further simplified to formula (15).

[0575] The system frame number of PF is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (15)

[0576] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging period, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q, Q is the SSB period, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, that is, the SSB includes t0 frames, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0577] In formula (15), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as SFN, (T-1) etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, T = 9, T-1 = 8, and 8, i.e. (T-1), is converted into binary as 1000.

[0578] In formula (15), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0579] Furthermore, considering that bit operations are less complex than modulo operations, when the number N1 of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources can be expressed as a third power of 2, formula (14) can be further simplified to formula (16).

[0580] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=K*(ID&(N1-1))+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (16)

[0581] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, this identifier ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, & is bitwise AND, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q, Q is the SSB cycle, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, that is, the SSB includes t0 frames, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0582] In formula (16), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as (N1-1)) are first converted into binary representation. For example, N1 = 5, N1-1 = 4, and 4, i.e., (N1-1) is converted into binary 0100.

[0583] In formula (16), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0584] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, when P (the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q) can be expressed as a fourth power of 2, formula (14) can be further simplified to formula (17).

[0585] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+(ID&(P-1))*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (17)

[0586] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, K indicates that there is one PF every K frames in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, & is bitwise AND, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q, Q is the SSB cycle, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, that is, the SSB includes t0 frames, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0587] In formula (17), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as (P-1)) are first converted into binary representation. For example, if P = 3 and P-1 = 2, then (P-1) is converted to binary as 0010.

[0588] In formula (17), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0589] Furthermore, considering that the complexity of bit operations is lower than that of modulo operations, and that the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources N1, and P (the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q) can all be expressed as an integer power of 2, formula (14) can be further simplified to formula (18).

[0590] The system frame number of PF is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+(ID&(P-1))*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (18)

[0591] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging period, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q, Q is the SSB period, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, that is, the SSB includes t0 frames, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0592] In formula (18), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as SFN, (T-1) etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, T = 9, T-1 = 8, and 8, i.e. (T-1), is converted into binary 1000.

[0593] In formula (18), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0594] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, and that the number of frames T in the paging cycle and the number of paging frames N1 in the paging time domain resources can both be expressed as powers of 2, formula (14) can be further simplified to formula (19).

[0595] The system frame number of PF is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0) Formula (19)

[0596] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, mod is the modulo operator, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q, Q is the SSB cycle, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB, i.e., the SSB includes t0 frames, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0597] In formula (19), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as SFN, (T-1), ID, (N1-1), etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, if T = 9 and T-1 = 8, then 8 (T-1) is converted into binary 1000. For example, if N1 = 5 and N1-1 = 4, then 4 (N1-1) is converted into binary 0100.

[0598] In formula (19), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0599] Furthermore, considering that the complexity of bit operations is lower than that of modulo operations, if any two of the following can be expressed as integer powers of 2: the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources N1, and P (the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q), then formula (14) can be simplified with reference to formula (19). Similar simplifications are made at the corresponding positions, which will not be repeated here.

[0600] Formulas (8) and (2a) of Example 2 can be simplified as follows. Formula (8) of Example 2 is simplified to Formula (20).

[0601] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q Formula (20)

[0602] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle (i.e., the paging cycle includes T frames), K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, div is the quotient, L1 is the number of frames included in the paging time domain resources, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q (i.e., P = T / Q), Q is the SSB cycle, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0603] K is a fixed value pre-configured on both the reader and the AIoT device. Alternatively, K is a parameter included in the first message of S810.

[0604] The system frame number of PF is the frame number in which the reader / writer sends the paging message, which is also the frame number in which the AIoT device needs to wake up and detect.

[0605] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, and that the number of frames T included in the paging cycle can be expressed as a first power of 2, formula (20) can be further simplified to formula (21).

[0606] The system frame number of PF is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q Formula (21)

[0607] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging period, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q, i.e., P = T / Q, where Q is the SSB period, N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0608] In formula (21), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as SFN, (T-1) etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, T = 9, T-1 = 8, and 8, i.e. (T-1), is converted into binary 1000.

[0609] In formula (21), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0610] Furthermore, considering that bit operations are less complex than modulo operations, when the number N1 of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources can be expressed as a third power of 2, formula (20) can be further simplified to formula (22).

[0611] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=K*(ID&(N1-1))+((ID mod P)-1)*Q Formula (22)

[0612] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, & is bitwise AND, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q, i.e., P = T / Q, where P is a positive integer, Q is the SSB cycle, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0613] In formula (22), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as (N1-1)) are first converted into binary representation. For example, N1 = 5, N1-1 = 4, and 4, i.e., (N1-1) is converted into binary 0100.

[0614] In formula (22), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0615] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, when P (the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q) can be expressed as a fourth power of 2, formula (20) can be further simplified to formula (23).

[0616] The system frame number of PF is: SFN mod T=K*(ID mod N1)+((ID&(P-1))-1)*Q Formula (23)

[0617] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, mod is modulo (i.e., remainder), T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, & is bitwise AND, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q, i.e., P = T / Q, where P is a positive integer, Q is the SSB cycle, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0618] In formula (23), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as (P-1)) are first converted into binary representation. For example, if P = 3 and P-1 = 2, then (P-1) is converted to binary as 0010.

[0619] In formula (23), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0620] Furthermore, considering that the complexity of bit operations is lower than that of modulo operations, and that the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources N1, and P (the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q) can all be expressed as an integer power of 2, formula (20) can be further simplified to formula (24).

[0621] The system frame number of PF is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+((ID&(P-1))-1)*Q Formula (24)

[0622] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging period, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging period, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q, P = T / Q, P is a positive integer, Q is the SSB period, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in this environment.

[0623] In formula (24), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as SFN, (T-1) etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, T = 9, T-1 = 8, and 8, i.e. (T-1), is converted into binary as 1000.

[0624] In formula (24), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0625] Furthermore, considering that bitwise operations are less complex than modulo operations, and that the number of frames T in the paging cycle and the number of paging frames PF N1 in the paging time domain resources can both be expressed as powers of 2, formula (20) can be further simplified to formula (25).

[0626] The system frame number of PF is: SFN&(T-1)=K*(ID&(N1-1))+((ID mod P)-1)*Q Formula (25)

[0627] Where SFN is the system frame number of the PF, & is the bitwise AND operator, T is the number of frames included in the paging cycle, K indicates that there is a PF every K frames in the paging cycle, ID is part or all of the UE_ID that identifies the AIoT device, N1 is the number of paging frame PFs included in the paging time domain resources, mod is the modulo operator, the paging cycle T is P times the SSB cycle Q, P = T / Q, P is a positive integer, Q is the SSB cycle, and N1 is a positive integer greater than 1. This ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in this environment.

[0628] In formula (25), before performing the bitwise AND operation, the parameters involved (such as SFN, (T-1), ID, (N1-1), etc.) are first converted into binary representation. For example, if T = 9 and T-1 = 8, then 8 (T-1) is converted into binary 1000. For example, if N1 = 5 and N1-1 = 4, then 4 (N1-1) is converted into binary 0100.

[0629] In formula (25), when performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other operations, the original decimal value is retained and not converted to binary for calculation, and the binary data is converted to decimal for calculation.

[0630] Furthermore, considering that the complexity of bit operations is lower than that of modulo operations, if any two of the following can be expressed as integer powers of 2: the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames PF included in the paging time domain resources N1, and P (the paging period T is P times the SSB period Q), then formula (20) can be simplified with reference to formula (25). Similar simplifications are made at the corresponding positions, which will not be repeated here.

[0631] Optionally, the reader and AIoT device also need to calculate the index of the PO separately.

[0632] Furthermore, formula (2a) of Example 2 can be simplified to formula (26).

[0633] The index i_s of PO is: i_s = (ID >> X) & (Ns-1) Formula (26)

[0634] Wherein, ID is part or all of the AIoT device identifier UE_ID, X = log2N, N is the number of paging frames PF included in the paging cycle, >> is right shift, & is bitwise AND, and Ns is the number of paging opportunities PO included in the paging frame PF, that is, PF includes Ns POs. This ID can uniquely identify the AIoT device.

[0635] In formula (26), before the right shift, the parameter (ID) is first converted to binary representation, and then shifted right by X bits. In formula (26), before the bitwise AND operation, the parameters (such as (Ns-1)) are first converted to binary representation. For example, Ns = 6, Ns-1 = 5, and 5, i.e., (Ns-1), is converted to binary as 0101.

[0636] Calculating the PO index is not required. In some embodiments, the time-domain resources of the PO may not be configured, in which case it is not necessary to calculate the PO index.

[0637] The technical solutions of Method 3 in Embodiment 3 are simplified versions of the technical solutions of Embodiment 1. Since Embodiment 1 can reduce the conflict between calculating the time-domain location of the received paging and the SSB, and even reduce the conflict between calculating the time-domain location of the received paging and system messages (e.g., SIBs), the technical solutions of Method 3 in Embodiment 3 also have the aforementioned technical effects. Furthermore, the technical solutions of Method 3 in Embodiment 3, due to formula simplification, can meet the requirement of reducing computational complexity for AIoT devices.

[0638] The technical solutions of Method 4 in Embodiment 3 are simplified versions of the technical solutions in Embodiment 2. Since Embodiment 2 can reduce the conflict between calculating the time-domain location of the received paging and the SSB, and even reduce the conflict between calculating the time-domain location of the received paging and system messages (e.g., SIBs), the technical solutions of Method 4 in Embodiment 3 also have the aforementioned technical effects. Furthermore, the technical solutions of Method 4 in Embodiment 3, due to formula simplification, can meet the requirement of reducing computational complexity for AIoT devices.

[0639] It should be understood that, in the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or in case of logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions of different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other, and the technical features of different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0640] It should also be understood that in some of the above embodiments, exemplary examples are mainly provided using devices in existing network architectures (such as AIoT devices or readers). It should be understood that the specific form of the device is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, any device that can achieve the same function in the future is applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0641] It is understood that the reader / writer in each embodiment of this application can be replaced with a network device.

[0642] It is understood that the AIoT devices in the various embodiments of this application can be replaced with terminal devices.

[0643] It is understood that the methods and operations implemented by devices (such as AIoT devices or readers) in the above-described method embodiments can also be implemented by components (such as chips or circuits).

[0644] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0645] The paging method embodiment of this application has been described in detail above with reference to Figures 1 to 16. The communication device embodiment of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 17 and 18. It should be understood that the description of the device embodiment corresponds to the description of the method embodiment; therefore, any parts not described in detail can be referred to the preceding method embodiments.

[0646] Figure 17 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1700 provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 17, the communication device 1700 includes a processing module 1710 and a communication module 1720. The communication device 1700 can be a terminal-side device, or a communication device applied to or used in conjunction with a terminal-side device to implement a method executed on the terminal-side device, such as a chip, chip system, or circuit; or, the communication device 1700 can be a network-side device, or a communication device applied to or used in conjunction with a network-side device to implement a method executed on the network-side device, such as a chip, chip system, or circuit.

[0647] The communication module can also be called a transceiver module, transceiver, transceiver unit, or transceiver device. The processing module can also be called a processor, processing board, processing unit, or processing device. Optionally, the communication module is used to perform the sending and receiving operations on the terminal side and network side in the above method. The device in the communication module that implements the receiving function can be considered a receiving unit, and the device in the communication module that implements the sending function can be considered a sending unit; that is, the communication module includes a receiving unit and a sending unit.

[0648] Optionally, the communication device 1700 may also include a storage module for storing device program code and / or data.

[0649] In one example, when the communication device 1700 is applied to the terminal side, it is for example, a terminal or a communication module in the terminal, or a circuit or chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions. The processing module 1710 can be used to implement the processing functions on the terminal side in the above embodiments, and the communication module 1720 can be used to implement the transmit and receive functions on the terminal side in the above embodiments.

[0650] The terminal side includes terminal devices, or chips or circuits in the terminal devices (such as modem chips, also known as baseband chips, or system-on-chip (SoC) chips or system-in-package (SIP) chips containing modem cores), or functional modules in the terminal devices that can call and execute programs.

[0651] In one possible design, when the communication device 1700 is a terminal or a communication module within a terminal, the functionality of the processing module 1710 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a modem core. The functionality of the communication module 1720 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0652] In one possible design, when the communication device 1700 is a circuit or chip in a terminal responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) or SIP chip containing a modem core, the function of the processing module 1710 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the communication module 1720 can be implemented by interface circuits or data transceiver circuits on the aforementioned chip.

[0653] In one example, when the communication device 1700 is applied to the network side, it is for example, a network device or a communication module in a network device, or a circuit or chip on the network side responsible for communication functions. The processing module 1710 can be used to implement the processing functions on the network side in the above embodiments, and the communication module 1720 can be used to implement the transmit and receive functions on the network side in the above embodiments.

[0654] The network side includes network devices (e.g., access network devices), or chips or circuits in network devices, or central units (CUs) or distributed units (DUs) in network devices, or functional modules in network devices that can call and execute programs.

[0655] Furthermore, it should be noted that the aforementioned communication module and / or processing module can be implemented through virtual modules. For example, the processing module can be implemented through software functional units or virtual devices, and the communication module can be implemented through software functions or virtual devices. Alternatively, the processing module or communication module can also be implemented through physical devices, such as chips / circuits (e.g., integrated circuits or logic circuits). The communication module can be an input / output circuit and / or a communication interface, performing input operations (corresponding to the aforementioned receiving operation) and output operations (corresponding to the aforementioned sending operation); the processing module is an integrated processor, microprocessor, or circuit (e.g., integrated circuits or logic circuits).

[0656] It is understood that the division of units in the above-described device is merely a logical functional division. Each function can correspond to a functional unit, or two or more functions can be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some units can be integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be distributed across different physical entities. Furthermore, the aforementioned functional units can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. Whether a function is executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0657] The module division in this application is illustrative and represents only one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods are possible. Furthermore, the functional modules in the various examples of this application can be integrated into a single processor, exist as separate physical entities, or be integrated into a single module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0658] Figure 18 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 1800 provided in an embodiment of this application. Optionally, the communication device 1800 may be a chip or a chip system. Optionally, in this application, the chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0659] As shown in Figure 18, the communication device 1800 can be used to implement the functions of any device (e.g., terminal device, network device) in the communication system described in the foregoing examples. The communication device 1800 may include at least one processor 1810. Optionally, the processor 1810 is coupled to a memory, which may be located within the device, integrated with the processor, or located outside the device. For example, the communication device 1800 may also include at least one memory 1820. The memory 1820 stores the computer programs, computer programs or instructions, and / or data necessary for implementing any of the above examples; the processor 1810 may execute the computer programs stored in the memory 1820 to complete the methods in any of the above examples.

[0660] The communication device 1800 may further include a communication interface 1830, through which the communication device 1800 can interact with other devices. For example, the communication interface 1830 may be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, pin, or other type of communication interface. When the communication device 1800 is a chip-based device or circuit, the communication interface 1830 in the device 1800 may also be an input / output circuit, capable of inputting information (or receiving information) and outputting information (or sending information). The processor 1810 may be an integrated processor, microprocessor, integrated circuit, or logic circuit, etc., and the processor can determine the output information based on the input information.

[0661] In one example, when the communication device 1800 is applied to the terminal side, the processor 1810 can be used to implement the processing functions of the terminal side in the above embodiments, and the communication interface 1830 can be used to implement the sending and receiving functions of the terminal side in the above embodiments.

[0662] The terminal side includes terminal devices, or chips or circuits in the terminal devices (such as modem chips, also known as baseband chips, or system-on-chip (SoC) chips or system-in-package (SIP) chips containing modem cores), or functional modules in the terminal devices that can call and execute programs.

[0663] In another example, when the communication device 1800 is applied to the network side, the processor 1810 can be used to implement the network side processing functions in the above embodiments, and the communication interface 1830 can be used to implement the network side sending and receiving functions in the above embodiments.

[0664] The network side includes network devices, or chips or circuits within network devices, or central units (CUs) or distributed units (DUs) within network devices, or functional modules within network devices that can call and execute programs.

[0665] The coupling in this application refers to indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, used for information exchange between devices, units, or modules. The processor 1810 may operate in conjunction with the memory 1820 and the communication interface 1830. This application does not limit the specific connection medium between the processor 1810, the memory 1820, and the communication interface 1830.

[0666] Optionally, as shown in FIG18, the processor 1810, the memory 1820, and the communication interface 1830 are interconnected via a bus 1840. Optionally, the bus may include buses of the type such as address bus, data bus, and control bus. Furthermore, for ease of illustration, FIG18 shows one bus 1840, but does not indicate that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0667] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be one of the following devices or a portion of the circuitry used for processing functions: a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0668] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes the following forms: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0669] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0670] It should also be noted that the memory described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0671] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for implementing the methods executed by a communication device (such as a network side or a terminal side) in the above-described method embodiments.

[0672] This application also provides a computer program product comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, implement the methods performed by a communication device (such as a network side or a terminal side) in the above-described method embodiments.

[0673] This application also provides a communication system, which includes the network side and / or terminal side described in the above embodiments.

[0674] The explanations and beneficial effects of the relevant contents in any of the devices provided above can be found in the corresponding method embodiments provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0675] In the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0676] In this application, examples may reference each other without logical contradiction. For example, methods and / or terms between method embodiments may reference each other, functions and / or terms between device embodiments may reference each other, and functions and / or terms between device examples and method examples may reference each other.

[0677] It should be understood that the above embodiments are mainly illustrated using devices in existing network architectures as examples, and the specific form of the devices is not limited in the embodiments of this application. For example, any device that can achieve the same function in the future is applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0678] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0679] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0680] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0681] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0682] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0683] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0684] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

A paging method, applied to an environmental IoT device or a chip in an environmental IoT device, characterized in that, The method includes: The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N included in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, and the formula. On the first time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN, periodically wake up to detect paging messages; The formula includes formula (4), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N); Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; Wherein, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB; the ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in the environment. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The paging cycle starts at the beginning or end of any SSB cycle. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, the N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (2). On the second time-domain resource corresponding to the index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages; The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource; Formula (2) is as follows: i_s = floor(ID / N) mod Ns; Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, 1≤N≤P. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The number of frames L1 included in the paging frame, the number of frames t1 included in the System Information Block (SIB), the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, the number of frames Q included in the SSB cycle, offset 1, and offset 2 satisfy formula (5): L1+t1+offset 1+offset 2+t0≤Q Formula (5) Where offset 1 is the number of time-domain offsets between the start position of the paging frame and the end position of the previous SSB in the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of time-domain offsets between the end position of the SIB and the start position of the next SSB in the same SSB cycle. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, offset 1=0, offset 2=0. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The SSB cycle includes one paging frame. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, and the formula, the method further includes: Receive a first message, which indicates the PF_offset, the T, and the N. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The ID is stored in the IoT device of the environment. A paging method, applied to a reader or a chip in a reader, characterized in that, The method includes: The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of paging frames N included in the paging cycle, the identifier ID, which is part or all of the environmental IoT device identifier UE_ID, and the formula. Paging messages are periodically sent on the first time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN; The formula includes formula (4), which is: (SFN+PF_offset)mod T=(T div N)*(ID mod N); Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; Wherein, 0 < N ≤ P, P = T / Q, Q is the number of frames included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, P is a positive integer, the SSB period is the time domain length between two adjacent SSBs in the paging period, 0 ≤ PF_offset ≤ t0, t0 is the number of frames included in the SSB; the ID can uniquely identify the IoT device in the environment. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The paging cycle starts at the beginning or end of any SSB cycle. The method according to claim 10 or 11 is characterized in that, The method further includes: The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, the N, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (2). Paging messages are periodically sent on the second time-domain resource corresponding to the index; The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource; Formula (2) is as follows: i_s = floor(ID / N) mod Ns; Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The method according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, 1≤N≤P. The method according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, The number of frames L1 included in the paging frame, the number of frames t1 included in the System Information Block (SIB), the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, the number of frames Q included in the SSB cycle, offset 1, and offset 2 satisfy formula (5): L1+t1+offset 1+offset 2+t0≤Q Formula (5) Where offset 1 is the number of time-domain offsets between the start position of the paging frame and the end position of the previous SSB in the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of time-domain offsets between the end position of the SIB and the start position of the next SSB in the same SSB cycle. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, offset 1=0, offset 2=0. The method according to any one of claims 11-15, characterized in that, The SSB cycle includes one paging frame. The method according to any one of claims 11-15, characterized in that, Before or after calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset frame number PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, and the formula, the method further includes: Send a first message, which indicates the PF_offset, the T, and the N. The method according to any one of claims 10-17, characterized in that, Before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the paging frame offset PF_offset, the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of paging frames N included in the paging period, the identifier ID, and the formula, the method further includes: Obtain the ID. A paging method, applied to an environmental IoT device or a chip in an environmental IoT device, characterized in that, The method includes: The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the following: the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID (which is all or part of the UE_ID, the identifier ID), the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P (where P = T / Q), and the formula. On the first time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN, periodically wake up to detect paging messages; The ID uniquely identifies the IoT device in the environment. The formula includes formula (7), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0); Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer; Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle; The starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle; or, The formula includes formula (8), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q; Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer; Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle; The starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The method further includes: The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, N1, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (2a). On the second time-domain resource corresponding to the index, periodically wake up to detect paging messages; The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource; Wherein, formula (2a) is: i_s = floor(ID / N1) mod Ns; Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The method according to claim 19 or 20 is characterized in that, The L1, the number of frames t1 included in the system information block SIB, the t0, the Q, offset 1, and offset 2 satisfy formula (5): L1+t1+offset 1+offset 2+t0≤Q Formula (5) Offset 1 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the start position of the paging time domain resource from the end position of the previous SSB within the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the end position of the SIB from the start position of the next SSB within the same SSB cycle. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, offset 1=0, offset 2=0. The method according to any one of claims 19-22 is characterized in that, Before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula, the method further includes: Receive a first message, the first message indicating T, the L1. The method according to any one of claims 19-22 is characterized in that, N1, Q, and t0 are pre-configured. The method according to any one of claims 19-23 is characterized in that, The ID is stored in the IoT device of the environment. A paging method, applied to a reader or a chip in a reader, characterized in that, The method includes: The system frame number SFN of the paging frame is calculated based on the following: the number of frames T included in the paging cycle, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID (which is all or part of the UE_ID, the identifier ID), the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) cycle, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P (where P = T / Q), and the formula. Paging messages are periodically sent on the first time-domain resource corresponding to the system frame number SFN; The ID uniquely identifies the IoT device in the environment. The formula includes formula (7), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+(ID mod P)*Q–(Q-t0); Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer; Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle; The starting position of the paging cycle is the starting position of any SSB cycle; or, The formula includes formula (8), which is: SFN mod T=(L1 div N1)*(ID mod N1)+((ID mod P)-1)*Q; Where mod is modulo and div is quotient; Where N1 is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer; Among them, paging time domain resources are located in one paging cycle; The starting position of the paging cycle is the ending position of any SSB cycle. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The method further includes: The index of the paging opportunity is calculated based on the ID, N1, the number of paging opportunities Ns included in the paging frame, and formula (2a). Paging messages are periodically sent on the second time-domain resource corresponding to the index; The second time-domain resource is located within the first time-domain resource; Wherein, formula (2a) is: i_s = floor(ID / N1) mod Ns; Where floor is the floor function, and Ns is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The method according to claim 26 or 27 is characterized in that, The L1, the number of frames t1 included in the system information block SIB, the t0, the Q, offset 1, and offset 2 satisfy formula (5): L1+t1+offset 1+offset 2+t0≤Q Formula (5) Offset 1 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the start position of the paging time domain resource from the end position of the previous SSB within the same SSB cycle, and offset 2 is the number of frames in the time domain that offsets the end position of the SIB from the start position of the next SSB within the same SSB cycle. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that, offset 1=0, offset 2=0. The method according to any one of claims 26-29, characterized in that, Before or after calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula, the method further includes: Send a first message, the first message indicating T, the L1. The method according to any one of claims 26-30, characterized in that, N1, Q, and t0 are pre-configured. The method according to any one of claims 26-31, characterized in that, Before calculating the system frame number SFN of the paging frame based on the number of frames T included in the paging period, the number of frames L1 included in the paging time domain resources, the number of paging frames N1 included in the paging time domain resources, the identifier ID, the number of frames Q included in the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) period, the number of frames t0 included in the SSB, P, where P = T / Q, and the formula, the method further includes: Obtain the ID. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 1-9 and 19-25. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules for implementing the method as described in any one of claims 10-18 and 26-32. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing computer programs or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 and 19-25 to be performed or implemented. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing computer programs or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as described in any one of claims 10-18 and 26-32 to be performed or implemented. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is included in the communication device, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 and 19-25 to be performed or implemented. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is included in the communication device, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method as described in any one of claims 10-18 and 26-32 to be performed or implemented. A computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are run, the method as described in any one of claims 1-9 and 19-25 is performed or implemented. A computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are run, the method as described in any one of claims 10-18 and 26-32 is performed or implemented.

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