Control method and apparatus for photovoltaic power generation system, device, and medium
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/082548
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-25
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images
Figure CN2026082548_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A control method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for a photovoltaic power generation system. Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a control method, apparatus, equipment and medium for a photovoltaic power generation system. Background Technology
[0002] Photovoltaic power generation systems typically use tracking brackets to adjust the orientation of photovoltaic modules in real time to maximize the amount of solar irradiance received and improve power generation efficiency.
[0003] However, the control logic of existing tracking brackets typically optimizes based on the amount of irradiance received, failing to consider the time-of-use demand and electricity prices of society. This results in a mismatch between the time-of-use characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and the time-of-use characteristics of social electricity consumption. For example, peak power generation is concentrated around noon when natural sunlight is strongest, while peak social electricity consumption is often distributed in the morning and evening. This mismatch in time distribution leads to a significant increase in the pressure on the power grid for peak regulation and a severe decrease in power supply efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a control method, device, equipment and medium for a photovoltaic power generation system, so as to reduce the peak-shaving pressure of the power grid and improve the power supply utilization rate of the photovoltaic power generation system.
[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system, the method comprising:
[0006] Based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of photovoltaic modules, the corresponding panel irradiance is determined; each theoretical axial deviation angle represents the offset angle between the axial direction of the photovoltaic module's support and the due south direction. The theoretical axial deviation angle is determined based on the electricity price at different times. The panel irradiance represents the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic module under the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0007] Based on the panel irradiance, the equivalent value corresponding to each theoretical axial deviation angle is calculated; the equivalent value represents the economic value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system through photovoltaic power generation under the theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0008] Based on each equivalent value, a target axial deviation angle is determined from each theoretical axial deviation angle, and based on the target axial deviation angle, the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module is adjusted.
[0009] Secondly, this application provides a control device for a photovoltaic power generation system, the device comprising:
[0010] The determination unit is used to determine the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module; each theoretical axial deviation angle represents the offset angle between the axial direction of the photovoltaic module's support and the due south direction, and the theoretical axial deviation angle is determined based on the electricity price at different times; the panel irradiance represents the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic module under the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0011] The calculation unit is used to calculate the equivalent value corresponding to each theoretical axial deviation angle based on the panel irradiance; the equivalent value represents the economic value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system through photovoltaic power generation under the theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0012] The adjustment unit is used to determine the target axial deviation angle from each theoretical axial deviation angle based on each equivalent value, and to adjust the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module based on the target axial deviation angle.
[0013] Optionally, before determining the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module, the determining unit is further configured to:
[0014] Based on the electricity price in the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is connected at different times, the axial deflection direction of the photovoltaic module is determined; the axial deflection direction represents the deflection direction of the photovoltaic module relative to the support structure in the due south direction.
[0015] Based on the axial deflection direction, multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module are determined.
[0016] Optionally, the determining unit is specifically used for:
[0017] Based on the electricity price in the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is connected at different times, the peak electricity price period is determined;
[0018] The reference direction corresponding to the peak electricity price period is determined as the axial deflection direction; the target angle corresponding to the reference direction is smaller than the target angle corresponding to the due south direction, and the target angle is the angle between the normal vector of the photovoltaic module and the sunlight.
[0019] Optionally, the determining unit is specifically used for:
[0020] Based on the multiple theoretical axial deviation angles, the theoretical tracking angles corresponding to the photovoltaic modules are calculated respectively. The theoretical tracking angles include the apparent tracking angle and the reverse tracking angle.
[0021] Based on a preset tracking angle strategy, the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module is determined from various theoretical tracking angles and preset limit angles; the target tracking angle corresponds one-to-one with the theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0022] The panel irradiance of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on the tracking angle of each target.
[0023] Optionally, the determining unit is specifically used for:
[0024] When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the apparent sun tracking angle;
[0025] When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the inverse tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the inverse tracking angle.
[0026] When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the reverse tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the preset limit angle.
[0027] Optionally, the apparent solar tracking angle C = 90° - arc tan(tanα / sin(γ+γ′)); where α is the solar altitude angle, γ is the solar azimuth angle, and γ′ is the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0028] Optionally, the inverse tracking angle Wherein, array width d1 is the horizontal width of the photovoltaic array, and array spacing d2 is the distance between multiple photovoltaic arrays.
[0029] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the control method of any of the photovoltaic power generation systems described in the first aspect above.
[0030] Fourthly, this application provides a computer storage medium storing computer program instructions, which are executed by a processor using any of the control methods for a photovoltaic power generation system described in the first aspect above.
[0031] Fifthly, an embodiment of this application provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the control method of any of the photovoltaic power generation systems described in the first aspect above.
[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0033] This application provides a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system. This method determines the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module, calculates the equivalent value corresponding to each theoretical axial deviation angle based on the panel irradiance, and then determines the target axial deviation angle from the theoretical axial deviation angles based on the equivalent value, and adjusts the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module. Thus, this application optimizes the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system at different times by accurately calculating and optimizing the axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module, improving economic value and significantly reducing the peak-shaving pressure on the power grid. Attached Figure Description
[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.
[0035] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0036] Figure 2 is a top view of an axial deviation angle provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0037] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an axial deviation angle, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0038] Figure 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of a reverse tracking stage provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0039] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the actual tracking angle change of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application;
[0040] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiments of this application on March 21;
[0041] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiments of this application on June 21;
[0042] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiments of this application on December 21;
[0043] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system provided in the embodiments of this application over the whole year;
[0044] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a control device based on a photovoltaic power generation system provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0045] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than that shown here.
[0047] The terms "first" and "second" in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the term "comprising" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive protection. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The term "multiple" in this application can mean at least two, for example, two, three, or more, and this application does not impose limitations.
[0048] The term "and / or" in the embodiments of this application is merely a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.
[0049] The design concept of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below.
[0050] With the increasing global demand for clean energy, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has gradually become a core technology for energy structure transformation and an important means to achieve the strategic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Currently, PV power generation systems typically use fixed-tilt mounts and tracking mounts. Fixed-tilt mounts cannot dynamically adjust their angle to adapt to changes in the sun's position, resulting in limited power generation efficiency. Tracking mounts, on the other hand, can adjust the orientation of PV modules in real time to maximize solar irradiance reception and improve power generation efficiency. Therefore, tracking mounts, with their lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and higher return on investment, have become the most direct and effective technological development direction for improving PV power generation efficiency and reducing LCOE. Among these, single-axis tracking mounts, due to their simple and practical structure and significant power generation gain, hold a larger market share.
[0051] However, the control logic of tracking brackets in related technologies only optimizes based on the amount of irradiance received, failing to consider the time-of-use demand and electricity prices of society. This leads to a mismatch between the time-of-use characteristics of photovoltaic power generation and the time-of-use characteristics of social electricity consumption. For example, the peak power generation period of conventional photovoltaic power generation systems is concentrated during the period of strongest natural sunlight, mainly from 9:00 to 15:00 on sunny days, and is symmetrical between morning and afternoon. However, peak social electricity consumption is often distributed in the morning and evening. For example, in a certain area, the peak-valley period for social electricity consumption is 0:00-8:00 (valley period), 8:00-11:00 (peak period), 11:00-17:00 (flat period), and 17:00-24:00 (peak period). Obviously, the time distribution of the two is mismatched, and this mismatch between the time-of-use characteristics of photovoltaic power supply and the time-of-use characteristics of social electricity consumption will lead to a sharp increase in the pressure on grid peak regulation and a serious decrease in power supply efficiency. Related technologies typically rely on energy storage systems to address the mismatch between power generation and consumption periods in photovoltaic power generation systems. However, energy storage systems are expensive and have limitations in battery cycle life, resulting in low power generation efficiency and economic benefits for photovoltaic power generation systems.
[0052] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system. This method determines the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module, calculates the equivalent value corresponding to each theoretical axial deviation angle based on the panel irradiance, and then determines the target axial deviation angle from the theoretical axial deviation angles based on each equivalent value, adjusting the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module accordingly. Thus, this application, by combining electricity prices during different electricity consumption periods, accurately calculates and adjusts the axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module, increasing power generation during peak consumption periods to meet electricity demand during periods of high electricity prices. Simultaneously, by combining the equivalent value of the photovoltaic power generation system, the target axial deviation angle with the highest equivalent value can be determined, optimizing the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system at different times, improving economic value, and significantly reducing the peak-shaving pressure on the power grid.
[0053] The method provided by exemplary embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in FIG1, an embodiment of this application provides a control method for a photovoltaic power generation system. The specific flow of this method is as follows:
[0054] Step 101: Determine the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module.
[0055] In this embodiment, each theoretical axial deviation angle represents a different offset angle between the axial direction of the photovoltaic module's support and the due south direction. The theoretical axial deviation angle is determined based on the electricity price at different times. The panel irradiance represents the solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic module under the corresponding axial deviation angle.
[0056] In one possible implementation, embodiments of this application can determine the axial deflection direction of the photovoltaic module, i.e., the deflection direction of the photovoltaic support relative to the due south direction, by using the electricity price in the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is connected at different times. Then, based on the determined axial deflection direction, multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module are determined.
[0057] In one possible implementation, this disclosure can determine the peak electricity price period by measuring the electricity price of the photovoltaic power generation system access area at different times, and determine the reference direction corresponding to the peak electricity price period as the axial deflection direction. The reference direction represents the angle between the normal vector of the photovoltaic module and the sunlight in that direction, which is smaller than the angle downwards due south, so that the photovoltaic module can be exposed to more solar radiation and generate more power.
[0058] Specifically, taking the axis of a conventional photovoltaic (PV) module tracking bracket as due north and south as an example, with an axial azimuth angle of 0 degrees, south-southeast is defined as the negative direction and south-southwest as the positive direction. By obtaining the electricity price in the PV power generation system's access area at different times, the peak electricity price period is determined. For example, in a certain province, the peak and off-peak electricity consumption periods are: 0:00-8:00 (off-peak period), 8:00-11:00 (peak period), 11:00-17:00 (flat period), and 17:00-24:00 (peak period). Based on the obtained peak electricity price periods, the reference direction corresponding to the peak electricity price period is determined as the axial deflection direction. For example, if the peak electricity price period is in the morning and the afternoon is the flat period, the corresponding axial deflection direction is determined as positive, i.e., south-southwest. If the peak electricity price period is in the afternoon and the morning is the flat period, the corresponding axial deflection direction is determined as negative, i.e., south-southeast. Thus, during the morning peak electricity consumption period, the sun's position will gradually move from east to south. At this time, the axial deflection direction is set to south-west, and the angle between the normal vector of the photovoltaic module and the sunlight is smaller, allowing it to receive more solar radiation and generate more power. This increases the power generation during the morning peak period to meet the electricity demand during periods of high electricity prices. Similarly, during the afternoon peak electricity consumption period, the axial deflection is set to south-east to increase the power generation during the afternoon peak period and meet the electricity demand during periods of high electricity prices.
[0059] Next, based on the determined axial deflection direction, the offset angle between the axial direction of the photovoltaic module's support and the due south direction is further calculated, i.e., the axial deviation angle.
[0060] Referring to Figure 2, which is a top view of an axial deviation angle provided in an embodiment of this application, the axial azimuth angle is predefined as south-west, i.e., the axial deviation is south-west. In Figure 2, γ... ′ This refers to the corresponding axial deviation angle. Based on the control method for the photovoltaic power generation system provided in this application embodiment, the actual axial deviation angle of the tracking bracket of the photovoltaic module can be adjusted by determining the target axial deviation angle, thereby increasing the power generation of the photovoltaic module during peak electricity consumption periods.
[0061] In one possible implementation, this application can calculate the apparent solar tracking angle and inverse tracking angle of the photovoltaic module, i.e., the theoretical tracking angle, using various theoretical axial deviation angles. The apparent solar tracking angle represents the support tracking angle at which the photovoltaic module receives the maximum solar radiation under the current solar altitude and azimuth angles. The inverse tracking angle represents the support tracking angle at which the photovoltaic module is not obstructed by other photovoltaic modules under the current solar altitude and azimuth angles.
[0062] In one possible implementation, this application can calculate the corresponding apparent solar tracking angle based on the principle that the angle between sunlight and the normal to the plane of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, resulting in the maximum amount of solar irradiance received and the highest photovoltaic power generation. Thus, when the angle between sunlight and the normal to the plane of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, solar irradiance can be projected perpendicularly onto the surface of the photovoltaic module (e.g., the plane of the solar panel), maximizing the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic module and converting perpendicularly incident light energy into electrical energy to the greatest extent possible, thereby improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
[0063] In one possible implementation, the apparent solar tracking angle C in this embodiment can be calculated as follows: C = 90° - arc tan(tanα / sin(γ+γ′))
[0064] Where α is the solar altitude angle, γ is the solar azimuth angle, and γ′ is the corresponding axial deviation angle.
[0065] C: The orientation angle at which the photovoltaic module receives the most solar irradiance under the current solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle.
[0066] α: Solar altitude angle, representing the angle between the sun's rays and the horizontal plane.
[0067] γ: Solar azimuth, representing the angle of the sun's offset relative to due south.
[0068] γ': Axial orientation deviation angle, representing the angle of offset of the support axis relative to the due south direction, obtained in step S2 above.
[0069] Specifically, referring to Figure 3, which is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the axial deviation angle, solar altitude angle, and solar azimuth angle provided in an embodiment of this application, α is the solar altitude angle, γ is the solar azimuth angle, and γ′ is the axial azimuth deviation angle. According to Figure 3, the apparent solar tracking angle C = 90° - arc tan(tanα / sin(γ+γ′)).
[0070] Specifically, taking Changzhou (32°N, 120°E) as an example, with an axial deviation angle of 20° (a positive value represents an axial deviation of south-west), at 10:00 AM on March 21st, the calculated solar altitude angle α is 46.9° and the solar azimuth angle γ is -47.1° (a negative value represents a sun position of south-east). Therefore, the apparent solar tracking angle C at this time can be calculated as -40.7° (where a negative value represents the module facing east). Similarly, at 2:00 PM, with the calculated solar altitude angle α of 46.9° and solar azimuth angle γ of 47.1° (a positive value represents a sun position of south-west), the apparent solar tracking angle C at this time can be calculated as 23.1° (where a positive value represents the photovoltaic module facing west).
[0071] In one possible implementation, the inverse tracking angle is calculated based on the principle of just not obstructing the view. The calculation method for the inverse tracking angle B in this embodiment is as follows:
[0072] Wherein, B represents the reverse tracking angle, which is the tracking angle that receives the most solar irradiance after adjustments made in this application to take into account the shading situation between multiple photovoltaic modules.
[0073] d1 represents the array width, that is, the horizontal width of the photovoltaic array.
[0074] d2 represents the array spacing, that is, the distance between photovoltaic arrays.
[0075] Specifically, taking a region with latitude and longitude of 32°N, 120°E, and an axial deviation angle of 20° (a positive value representing an axial deviation of south-west) as an example, referring to Figure 4, which shows an axial cross-sectional view of the reverse tracking stage provided in an embodiment of this application, the array width d1 of the photovoltaic module is 2384mm, and the array spacing d2 = 5000mm. On March 21st, at 7:30 AM, the calculated solar altitude angle α is 18.7°, and the solar azimuth angle γ is -77.3° (a negative value represents the sun's position as south-east). Therefore, the reverse tracking degree B at this time can be calculated as -23.8° (where a negative value represents the module facing east). Similarly, at 4:30 PM, the calculated solar altitude angle α is 18.7°, and the solar azimuth angle γ is 77.3° (a positive value represents the sun's position as south-west). Therefore, the reverse tracking angle B at this time can be calculated as 29.6° (where a positive value represents the module facing west).
[0076] In one possible implementation, embodiments of this application can determine the target tracking angle corresponding to each axial deviation angle from a preset tracking angle strategy, including a preset limit angle, a solar tracking angle, and a reverse tracking angle. In this way, the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module can be determined at various times throughout the day and year.
[0077] Specifically, the limit angle represents the maximum allowable operating angle of the photovoltaic module's tracking bracket in terms of structure. It is used to limit the rotation range of the photovoltaic module and prevent damage to the mechanical or installation structure due to excessive rotation. For example, the limit angle can be set as the mechanical limit angle of the tracking bracket, which is determined by the hardware parameters of the bracket design. Excessive rotation of the bracket can easily cause mechanical stress or fatigue, and if there is mutual shading between photovoltaic module arrays, it will also reduce the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.
[0078] In one possible implementation, embodiments of this application can determine the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module as the apparent tracking angle when the absolute value of the apparent tracking angle is less than the absolute value of a preset limit angle. When the absolute value of the apparent tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the inverse tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module is determined as the inverse tracking angle; when the absolute value of the apparent tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the inverse tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module is determined as the preset limit angle.
[0079] Specifically, the tracking angle strategy in this application embodiment can be as follows:
[0080] If |C|>|S| and |B|<|S|, then the target tracking angle is B. That is, the tracking bracket of the photovoltaic module adopts the inverse tracking angle B to avoid shading between photovoltaic modules.
[0081] If |C| < |S|, then the target tracking angle is C, meaning the photovoltaic module directly uses the apparent solar tracking angle C to track sunlight directly, maximizing the amount of solar irradiance received. In addition, the actual tracking angle of the photovoltaic module is a preset limit angle S, representing that the photovoltaic module maintains a fixed angle when exceeding rotational limits, ensuring that the movement range of the support structure remains within physically permissible limits.
[0082] Specifically, taking a region with latitude and longitude of 32°N, 120°E, and an axial deviation angle of 20° (a positive value representing an axial deviation of south-west) as an example, with a preset limit angle S = ±50° for the photovoltaic module, the actual tracking angle of the photovoltaic module throughout the day can be calculated using the aforementioned operating angle strategy. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the change in the actual tracking angle of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application. The vertical axis scale (60.00 to -60.00) represents the positive and negative directions of the angle. For example, a positive value indicates an axial deflection direction of south-west (corresponding to an axial azimuth deviation of +20°), with a larger angle representing a greater westward deflection. A negative value indicates an axial deflection direction of north-east, with a larger absolute value representing a greater eastward deflection. The limit angle S = ±50° (not directly marked in the figure) is the maximum mechanical adjustment angle allowed by the system, used to constrain the operating tilt angle range. As shown in Figure 5 and the tracking angle strategy, near noon (when the solar altitude angle is at its maximum), the operating tilt angle is close to the apparent solar tracking angle, resulting in a smooth curve. During sunrise and sunset, the apparent solar tracking angle may exceed the limit angle, at which point the curve will be "truncated" around ±50° (using S or B), forming a plateau or a steep change. Thus, by dynamically adjusting the operating tilt angle of the tracking bracket, a balance is achieved between the preset limit angle, the apparent solar tracking angle, and the reverse tracking angle, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the system.
[0083] In one possible implementation, the embodiments of this application can calculate the panel irradiance for each axial deviation angle based on the target tracking angle corresponding to each axial deviation angle.
[0084] Specifically, panel irradiance consists of three parts: direct irradiance from the inclined plane, diffuse irradiance from the inclined plane, and reflected irradiance from the inclined plane. Panel irradiance I 斜 The expression is as follows: I 斜 =B f +D f +R f
[0085] Among them, I 斜 This refers to the panel irradiance, also known as the theoretical slope irradiance, which is the total amount of irradiance received on the surface (slope) of the photovoltaic module.
[0086] B f This refers to direct irradiation on an inclined surface, which is irradiation caused by direct sunlight projecting directly onto the inclined surface of a photovoltaic module.
[0087] D f This is sloping surface scattering irradiation, which is the irradiation scattered onto the sloping surface of the photovoltaic module by molecules, aerosols, and clouds in the atmosphere.
[0088] R f Sloping surface reflected irradiance refers to irradiance reflected from the ground or surrounding environment onto the sloping surface of the component.
[0089] Specifically, taking a region with latitude and longitude of 32°N, 120°E and an axial deviation angle of 20° (a positive value represents an axial deviation of south-west) as an example, at 7:30 AM on March 21st, the calculated reverse tracking angle B of the photovoltaic module is -23.8°, where the negative value represents the photovoltaic module facing east. The measured horizontal direct irradiance is 175W / ㎡, and the horizontal diffuse irradiance is 91W / ㎡. Thus, the calculated slope direct irradiance is 368W / ㎡, the slope diffuse irradiance is 101W / ㎡, and the slope reflected irradiance is 1W / ㎡. Therefore, the panel irradiance corresponding to this axial deviation angle is 470W / ㎡. At 10:00 AM, the solar tracking angle C of the photovoltaic module was calculated to be -40.7°, where the negative value indicates that the module is facing east. The horizontal direct irradiance was measured to be 594 W / m², the horizontal diffuse irradiance was 168 W / m², the inclined plane direct irradiance was calculated to be 782 W / m², the inclined plane diffuse irradiance was 181 W / m², and the inclined plane reflected irradiance was 11 W / m². Thus, the panel irradiance corresponding to this axial deviation angle can be calculated to be 974 W / m². At 14:00, the calculated apparent tracking angle C = 23.1°, where a positive value indicates the module is facing west. The measured horizontal direct irradiance is 557 W / m², and the horizontal diffuse irradiance is 224 W / m². The calculated inclined direct irradiance is 605 W / m², the inclined diffuse irradiance is 225 W / m², and the inclined reflected irradiance is 3 W / m². Therefore, the panel irradiance corresponding to this axial deviation angle is calculated to be 833 W / m². At 16:30, the calculated inverse tracking angle B = 29.6°, where a positive value indicates the module is facing west. The measured horizontal direct irradiance is 210 W / m², and the horizontal diffuse irradiance is 104 W / m². The calculated inclined direct irradiance is 443 W / m², the inclined diffuse irradiance is 116 W / m², and the inclined reflected irradiance is 2 W / m². Therefore, the panel irradiance corresponding to this axial deviation angle is calculated to be 561 W / m².
[0090] In one possible implementation, this application can calculate the slope direct irradiance, slope scattered irradiance, and slope reflected irradiance for each axial deviation angle based on the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., the target tracking angle), the slope azimuth angle of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., the horizontal angle between the normal and the photovoltaic module panel), combined with the local latitude and longitude, the current time, the horizontal direct irradiance, the horizontal scattered irradiance, and the surface reflectivity (i.e., the surface reflectance coefficient of sunlight), thereby obtaining the corresponding panel irradiance.
[0091] Specifically, the inclined plane direct radiation B f The sloped diffuse irradiance D can be calculated using the solar altitude angle, azimuth angle, and the azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module's slope. f The slope-reflected irradiance R can be calculated by combining the horizontal diffuse irradiance and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel (i.e., the target tracking angle). fThe irradiance can be calculated based on the surface reflectivity and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. Of course, other feasible methods for calculating the irradiance of the panel can also be used, and this application does not specifically limit these methods.
[0092] Step 102: Based on the panel irradiance, calculate the equivalent value corresponding to each axial deviation angle.
[0093] In this embodiment of the application, the equivalent value represents the economic value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system through photovoltaic power generation within a preset time period.
[0094] Specifically, in this application embodiment, the equivalent value corresponding to each axial deviation angle can be calculated based on the panel irradiance of the photovoltaic module within a day, a year, or any time range, combined with the irradiance conversion efficiency and the electricity price at the corresponding time. That is, the economic value generated by the photovoltaic module through power generation within a day, a year, or other corresponding time range.
[0095] In one possible implementation, the equivalent value is calculated as follows: V = I 斜 *η*P
[0096] Wherein, η is the irradiance conversion efficiency, which represents the efficiency of converting unit solar irradiance into electrical energy. It can be determined by the physical characteristics of the module or directly by the module's technical parameters.
[0097] P represents the electricity price at the corresponding moment, which can be divided into peak electricity price, average electricity price, and off-peak electricity price according to the time period.
[0098] Specifically, taking an irradiance conversion efficiency of 21%, a peak electricity price of 1.1549 yuan / kWh, a flat electricity price of 0.6716 yuan / kWh, and an off-peak electricity price of 0.2811 yuan / kWh in a certain region as an example, the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system on March 21st can be calculated as follows: at 7:30 AM, the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is V1 = 470 * 0.21 * 0.2811 = 27.74 yuan; at 10:00 AM, the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is V2 = 974 * 0.21 * 1.1549 = 236.22 yuan; at 2:00 PM, the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is V3 = 833 * 0.21 * 0.6716 = 117.48 yuan; and at 4:30 PM, the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is V4 = 561 * 0.21 * 0.6716 = 79.12 yuan. Furthermore, by calculating the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system at various times, the equivalent value for different time periods, such as the whole day or the whole year, can be calculated by summation or other methods.
[0099] Step 103: Based on each equivalent value, determine the target axial deviation angle from each axial deviation angle, and adjust the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module.
[0100] In this embodiment of the application, the equivalent value that the photovoltaic power generation system can generate under different theoretical axial deviation angles can be calculated by using multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module, thereby determining the target axial deviation angle that can generate the maximum equivalent value.
[0101] Specifically, Figures 6-9 illustrate the equivalent value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system provided in this application under different time ranges. Figures 6-9 take a region with latitude and longitude of 32°N and 120°E as an example, with a theoretical axial deviation angle γ pre-set at 10° intervals. ′ The equivalent value of the photovoltaic power generation system under different theoretical axial deviation angles (0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 0° < γ′ < 90°) was simulated and calculated for March 21, June 21, December 21, and throughout the year. Figure 6 shows that when the axial deviation angle is set to 20° south of west, the equivalent value of the photovoltaic power generation system is highest on March 21. Similarly, Figures 7 and 8 simulate the equivalent value for typical days June 21 and December 21, respectively. In summary, the smaller the theoretical axial deviation angle in summer, the higher the equivalent value; conversely, the larger the theoretical axial deviation angle in winter, the higher the equivalent value. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9, the equivalent value under different theoretical axial deviation angles throughout the year is simulated. The equivalent value throughout the year can be directly seen. When the theoretical axial deviation angle is 20° south of west, the equivalent value throughout the year is the highest. Therefore, the axial deviation of the tracking bracket of the photovoltaic power generation system can be set to 20° south of west based on the electricity price in the region.
[0102] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a control device 100 for a photovoltaic power generation system, which includes:
[0103] The determining unit 1001 is used to determine the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module; each theoretical axial deviation angle represents the offset angle between the axial direction of the photovoltaic module's support and the due south direction, and each theoretical axial deviation angle is determined based on the electricity price at different times. The panel irradiance represents the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic module under the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0104] The calculation unit 1002 is used to calculate the equivalent value corresponding to each theoretical axial deviation angle based on the panel irradiance; the irradiance conversion efficiency characterizes the efficiency of converting solar irradiance into electrical energy, and the equivalent value characterizes the economic value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system through photovoltaic power generation under the theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0105] The adjustment unit 1003 is used to determine the target axial deviation angle from each theoretical axial deviation angle based on each equivalent value, and to adjust the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module based on the target axial deviation angle.
[0106] Optionally, before determining the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module, the determining unit 1001 is also used for:
[0107] Based on the electricity price in the photovoltaic power generation system access area at different times, the axial deflection direction of the photovoltaic module is determined; the axial deflection direction represents the deflection direction of the photovoltaic module relative to the support structure in the due south direction.
[0108] Based on the axial deflection direction, several theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module are determined.
[0109] Optionally, unit 1001 is specifically used for:
[0110] Based on the electricity price in the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is connected at different times, the peak electricity price period is determined;
[0111] The reference direction corresponding to the peak electricity price period is determined as the axial deflection direction; the target angle corresponding to the reference direction is smaller than the target angle corresponding to the due south direction, and the target angle is the angle between the normal vector of the photovoltaic module and the sunlight.
[0112] Optionally, unit 1001 is specifically used for:
[0113] Based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles, the theoretical tracking angles corresponding to the photovoltaic modules are calculated respectively. The theoretical tracking angles include the apparent tracking angle and the reverse tracking angle.
[0114] Based on a preset tracking angle strategy, the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module is determined from various theoretical tracking angles and preset limit angles; the target tracking angle corresponds one-to-one with the theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0115] The panel irradiance of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on the tracking angle of each target.
[0116] Optionally, unit 1001 is specifically used for:
[0117] When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined as the apparent sun tracking angle;
[0118] When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the inverse tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the inverse tracking angle.
[0119] When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the reverse tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the preset limit angle.
[0120] Optionally, the apparent solar tracking angle C = 90° - arc tan(tanα / sin(γ+γ′)); where α is the solar altitude angle, γ is the solar azimuth angle, and γ′ is the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle.
[0121] Optional, inverse tracking angle Wherein, array width d1 is the horizontal width of the photovoltaic array, and array spacing d2 is the distance between multiple photovoltaic arrays.
[0122] For ease of description, the above sections are divided into functional units (or modules) and described separately. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each unit (or module) can be implemented in one or more software or hardware components. Those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this application can be implemented as systems, methods, or program products. Therefore, various aspects of this application can be specifically implemented in the following forms: a completely hardware implementation, a completely software implementation (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software implementations, collectively referred to herein as "circuit," "module," or "system."
[0123] This device can be used to execute the methods shown in the various embodiments of this application. Therefore, the functions that each functional module of this device can achieve can be referred to the description of the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0124] Please refer to Figure 11. Based on the same technical concept, this application also provides a computer device 110. In one embodiment, the computer device can be a photovoltaic power generation device or a control device dedicated to controlling a photovoltaic power generation device. As shown in Figure 11, the computer device includes a memory 1101, a communication module 1103, and one or more processors 1102.
[0125] The memory 1101 is used to store computer programs executed by the processor 1102. The memory 1101 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and programs required to run instant messaging functions, etc.; the data storage area may store various instant messaging information and operation instruction sets, etc.
[0126] Memory 1101 may be volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM); memory 1101 may also be non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory, flash memory, hard disk drive (HDD), or solid-state drive (SSD); or memory 1101 may be any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but is not limited thereto. Memory 1101 may be a combination of the above-described memories.
[0127] The processor 1102 may include one or more central processing units (CPUs) or digital processing units, etc. The processor 1102 is used to implement the control method of the photovoltaic power generation system described above when it calls the computer program stored in the memory 1101.
[0128] The communication module 1103 is used to communicate with terminal devices or other servers.
[0129] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the memory 1101, communication module 1103, and processor 1102. In this application embodiment, the memory 1101 and processor 1102 are connected via a bus 1104 in Figure 11. The bus 1104 is depicted as a thick line in Figure 11. The connection methods between other components are only illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. The bus 1104 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of description, only one thick line is used to describe it in Figure 11, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
[0130] The memory 1101 stores a computer storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions. The computer-executable instructions are used to implement the control method of the photovoltaic power generation system in the embodiments of this application. The processor 1102 is used to execute the control method of the photovoltaic power generation system in the above embodiments.
[0131] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application also provide a storage medium storing a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the steps in the control method of the photovoltaic power generation system according to various exemplary embodiments of this application described above.
[0132] In some possible implementations, various aspects of the control method for a photovoltaic power generation system provided in this application can also be implemented in the form of a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the program product is run on a computer device, the computer program is used to cause the computer device to perform the steps in the control method for a photovoltaic power generation system according to various exemplary embodiments of this application described above. For example, the computer device can perform the steps of each embodiment.
[0133] The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.
[0134] The program product of the embodiments of this application may employ a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include a computer program, and may run on a computer device. However, the program product of this application is not limited thereto. In this application, the readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program, and the computer program included therein may be used by or in conjunction with a command execution system, apparatus, or device.
[0135] A readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying a readable computer program. This propagated data signal may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium, capable of sending, propagating, or transmitting a program for use by or in conjunction with a command execution system, apparatus, or device.
[0136] Computer programs contained on readable media may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.
[0137] Computer programs for performing the operations of this application can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages.
[0138] It should be noted that although several units or sub-units of the device have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is merely exemplary and not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of this application, the features and functions of two or more units described above can be embodied in one unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple units.
[0139] Furthermore, although the operations of the method of this application are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.
[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0141] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.
[0142] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A control method for a photovoltaic power generation system, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of photovoltaic modules, the corresponding panel irradiance is determined; each theoretical axial deviation angle represents the offset angle between the axial direction of the photovoltaic module's support and the due south direction. The theoretical axial deviation angle is determined based on the electricity price at different times. The panel irradiance represents the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic module under the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle. Based on the panel irradiance, the equivalent value corresponding to each theoretical axial deviation angle is calculated; the equivalent value represents the economic value generated by the photovoltaic power generation system through photovoltaic power generation under the theoretical axial deviation angle. Based on each equivalent value, a target axial deviation angle is determined from each theoretical axial deviation angle, and based on the target axial deviation angle, the actual axial deviation angle of the photovoltaic module is adjusted.
2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module, the method further includes: Based on the electricity price in the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is connected at different times, the axial deflection direction of the photovoltaic module is determined; the axial deflection direction represents the deflection direction of the photovoltaic module relative to the support structure in the due south direction. Based on the axial deflection direction, multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of the photovoltaic module are determined.
3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Determining the axial deflection direction of the photovoltaic module based on the electricity price in the photovoltaic power generation system access area at different times includes: Based on the electricity price in the area where the photovoltaic power generation system is connected at different times, the peak electricity price period is determined; The reference direction corresponding to the peak electricity price period is determined as the axial deflection direction; the target angle corresponding to the reference direction is smaller than the target angle corresponding to the due south direction, and the target angle is the angle between the normal vector of the photovoltaic module and the sunlight.
4. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the corresponding panel irradiance based on multiple theoretical axial deviation angles of photovoltaic modules includes: Based on the multiple theoretical axial deviation angles, the theoretical tracking angles corresponding to the photovoltaic modules are calculated respectively. The theoretical tracking angles include the apparent tracking angle and the reverse tracking angle. Based on a preset tracking angle strategy, the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module is determined from various theoretical tracking angles and preset limit angles; the target tracking angle corresponds one-to-one with the theoretical axial deviation angle. The panel irradiance of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on the tracking angle of each target.
5. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The preset tracking angle strategy determines the target tracking angle of the photovoltaic module from various theoretical tracking angles and preset limit angles, including: When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the apparent sun tracking angle; When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the inverse tracking angle is less than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the inverse tracking angle. When the absolute value of the apparent sun tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, and the absolute value of the reverse tracking angle is greater than the absolute value of the preset limit angle, the target tracking angle is determined to be the preset limit angle.
6. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The apparent solar tracking angle C = 90° - arc tan(tanα / sin(γ+γ′)); where α is the solar altitude angle, γ is the solar azimuth angle, and γ′ is the corresponding theoretical axial deviation angle.
7. The method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The reverse tracking angle Wherein, array width d1 is the horizontal width of the photovoltaic array, and array spacing d2 is the distance between multiple photovoltaic arrays.
8. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A computer storage medium storing computer program instructions thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program instructions implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program instructions implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.