Bispecific antibodies and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/085202
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2026-03-06
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure PCTCN2026085202-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2026085202-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2026085202-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AND USES THEREOF
[0001] The present application claims priority of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2025 / 084455 filed on March 24, 2025, and PCT Application No. PCT / CN2026 / 081772 filed on March 06, 2026, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to bispecific antibodies that bind to EGFR and HER3 receptors, and uses thereof.Background
[0003] The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR / ERBB1) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3 / ERBB3) represent critical therapeutic targets in oncology, both playing pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance. EGFR, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor of the HER family, is overexpressed in numerous malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) , colorectal cancer, and head / neck squamous cell carcinoma. Its activation triggers downstream signaling through MAPK and PI3K / AKT pathways, promoting tumor proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
[0004] HER3, while possessing impaired kinase activity, functions as a critical dimerization partner for EGFR and HER2. Through formation of heterodimers, HER3 activates the PI3K / AKT survival pathway via its six docking sites for the p85 regulatory subunit. HER3 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in breast, lung, and gastric cancers, and mediates resistance to EGFR / HER2-targeted therapies. Notably, heregulin-induced HER3 activation has been implicated in compensatory signaling that bypasses EGFR inhibition, while its upregulation following anti-EGFR treatment creates a therapeutic vulnerability.
[0005] Therapeutic bispecific antibodies targeting EGFR and HER3 have emerged as a strategy to overcome monotherapy limitations. First-generation constructs employing scFv-based architectures (e.g., tandem scFv or IgG-scFv fusions) demonstrate suboptimal pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity due to structural instability and aggregation propensity. The improved bispecific antibodies are required.Summary
[0006] In an aspect, provided herein is a bispecific antibody comprising an EGFR-binding region and a HER3-binding region, wherein the EGFR-binding region comprises a first heavy chain variable region (VH1) and a first light chain variable region (VL1) , and the HER3-binding region comprises a second heavy chain variable region (VH2) and a second light chain variable region (VL2) .
[0007] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH1 comprises HCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18, respectively, and the VL1 comprises LCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 24, 25, and 26, respectively.
[0008] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH2 comprises HCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21, and 22, respectively, and the VL2 comprises LCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 28, 29, and 30, respectively.
[0009] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15, and the VL1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0010] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19, and the VL2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0011] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15, and the VL1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and the VH2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, and the VL2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0012] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, both of the EGFR-binding region and the HER3-binding region are in the form of Fab. In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, in any one of the Fabs, (a) VH and VL are interchanged, (b) CH1 and CL are interchanged, or (c) VH and VL are interchanged and CH1 and CL are interchanged. In some embodiments, bispecific antibody, further comprises an Fc region comprising a CH2 region and a CH3 region. In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the CH3 region comprises a knob-into-hole mutation. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises: a heavy chain 1 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VH1, CH1, CH2, and CH3; a heavy chain 2 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VH2, CL, CH2, and CH3; a light chain 1 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VL1 and CL; and a light chain 2 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VL2 and CH1.
[0013] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, each of the CH1, CH2 and CH3 is independently derived from immunoglobulin isotype IgG (e.g. human IgG) , preferably derived from IgG subtype selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 (e.g. human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) .
[0014] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the CL is derived from λ light chain or κ light chain.
[0015] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the heavy chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; the heavy chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; the light chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0016] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the heavy chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, the heavy chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; the light chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0017] In another aspect, provided herein is a nucleic acid encoding the bispecific antibody disclosed herein.
[0018] In another aspect, provided herein is a vector comprising the nucleic acid disclosed herein.
[0019] In another aspect, provided herein is a host cell comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 10 or the vector according to claim 11.
[0020] In another aspect, provided herein is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , comprising the bispecific antibody disclosed herein, and a drug moiety conjugated thereto via a linker.
[0021] In some embodiments, the ADC had the structure formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0022] T- (L-D) k (I)
[0023] wherein,
[0024] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0025] L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R group (s) ;
[0026] each R is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0027] A is selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;
[0028] LA is selected from C1-50 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C2-20 alkynylene, wherein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 non-adjacent carbon atoms in C1-50 alkylene can be optionally replaced with one or more of O, C (O) or -C (O) NH-;
[0029] P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acid residues, each of which is independently substituted with a GU unit;
[0030] the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0031] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0032] B is and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;
[0033] each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0034] q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
[0035] D is a drug moiety;
[0036] k is an integer from 1 to 20.
[0037] In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the bispecific antibody disclosed herein the above or the ADC disclosed herein.
[0038] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises at least a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0039] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a second therapeutic agent. In some preferable embodiments of the composition, the second therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, a chemotherapeutic agent, an siRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, a polypeptide, and a small molecule drug.
[0040] In another aspect, provided herein is a method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of the bispecific antibody disclosed herein, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, the ADC disclosed herein, the nucleic acid disclosed herein, the vector disclosed herein, or the host cell disclosed herein.
[0041] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease, the disease is a cancer, preferably a solid tumor.
[0042] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease, the cancer is an EGFR-and / or HER3-expressing cancer.
[0043] In some embodiments of the method of treating a disease, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of oropharyngeal cancer (especially oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) , lung cancer (especially lung adenocarcinoma) , skin cancer, colon cancer or colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, cervical cancer; ovarian cancer, melanotic cancer, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and biliary tract cancer.
[0044] Description of the Drawings
[0045] An understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0046] FIG. 1 shows the structure of J17.
[0047] FIG. 2 shows the multi-targets engagement of J17 by Octet. The period of “TA” represents the association of the test antibodies for EGFR.
[0048] FIG. 3 shows the binding of the test antibodies on EGFR or HER3 single-positive, double-positive and double-negative cells.
[0049] FIG. 4 shows that that J17 triggers the internalization of the targets on EGFR or HER3 single-positive, and double-positive cell.
[0050] FIG. 5 shows the blockage effect of J17 on the binding of EGF to EGFR.
[0051] FIG. 6 shows the blockage effect of J17 on the binding of NRG1-β1 to HER3.
[0052] FIG. 7 shows the inhibition of the tested antibodies on proliferation of cells.
[0053] FIG. 8 shows that J17 inhibits the growth of FaDu tumor cells in nude (BALB / c-nude) mice.
[0054] FIG. 9-12 show the Western Blot results of expression levels of phosphorylated and total protein.
[0055] FIG. 13 shows the binding activity of J17 and ADCs tested by FACS.
[0056] FIG. 14 shows the killing effect of J17 and ADCs on EGFR and / or HER3 positive tumor cells.
[0057] FIG. 15 shows the killing effect of J17 and ADCs on EGFR and / or HER3 positive tumor cells.
[0058] FIG. 16 shows the in vitro stability of ADCs in human and monkey serum.
[0059] FIG. 17 shows the tumor growth inhibition of ADCs on CDX model.
[0060] FIG. 18 shows the weight change of mouse during the treatment of the ADCs.
[0061] FIG. 19 shows the mouse PK of the ADCs.
[0062] FIG. 20 shows the evaluation of bystander effect of ADCs in in vitro co-culture system.
[0063] FIG. 21 shows the tumor growth inhibition of ADCs on CDX model.Detailed Description
[0064] The present disclosure is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following description is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
[0065] Unless indicated or defined otherwise, all terms used have their usual meaning in the art, which will be clear to the skilled person. Reference is for example made to the standard handbooks, such as Leuenberger, H. G. W, Nagel, B. and Klbl, H. eds., "A multilingual glossary of biotechnological terms: (IUPAC Recommendations) " , Helvetica Chimica Acta (1995) , CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland; Sambrook et al, "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual" (2nd Ed. ) , Vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1989) ; F. Ausubel et al, eds., "Current protocols in molecular biology" , Green Publishing and Wiley InterScience, New York (1987) ; Roitt et al., "Immunology (6th Ed. ) , Mosby / Elsevier, Edinburgh (2001) ; and Janeway et al., "Immunobiology" (6th Ed. ) , Garland Science Publishing / Churchill Livingstone, New York (2005) , as well as the general background art cited above.
[0066] As used herein, singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “an antibody” includes a plurality of antibodies.
[0067] Unless indicated or defined otherwise, the term "comprise, " and variations thereof such as "comprises" and "comprising" , should be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or step or a group of elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other element or step or a group of elements or steps. The term “comprising” encompasses “including” as well as “consisting” e.g., a composition “comprising” X may consist exclusively of X or may include something additional e.g., X + Y.
[0068] The term “about” in relation to a numerical value x is optional and means, for example, x+10%or x±5%.
[0069] As used herein, the term “antibody” (used interchangeably in the plural) refers to an immunoglobulin molecule which has ability to specifically bind to a specific antigen. An antibody often comprises a variable region and a constant region in each of a heavy chain and a light chain. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains of antibodies contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen. The constant regions of antibodies may mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (such as effector cells) and components of the complement system such as C1q, the first component in the classical pathway of complement activation. Most antibodies have a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) that together form the portion of the antibody that binds to the antigen.
[0070] As used herein, the term “antibody” includes not only intact (i.e., full-length) polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, but also antigen-binding fragments thereof (e.g., Fab, Fab', F (ab') 2, Fv) , single-chain (scFv) , mutants thereof, fusion proteins comprising antibody moieties, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, diabodies, nanobodies, linear antibodies, single chain antibodies, multispecific antibodies (eg, bispecific antibodies) , and any other modified constructs of immunoglobulin molecules comprising antigen recognition sites with the desired specificity, including glycosylation variants of antibodies, amino acid sequence variants of antibodies, and covalently modified antibodies. Antibodies include antibodies of any class, such as IgD, IgE, IgG, IgA, or IgM (or subclasses thereof) , and the antibody need not be of any particular class. Depending on the antibody amino acid sequence of their heavy chain constant domains, immunoglobulins can be divided into different classes. There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these can be further divided into subclasses (isotypes) , such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2. The heavy chain constant domains that correspond to the different classes of immunoglobulins are called α, δ, ε, γ and μ, respectively. The subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations of different classes of immunoglobulins are well known.
[0071] The term “CH2 region” or “CH2” as used herein is intended to refer to the CH2 region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. Thus, for example the CH2 region of a human IgG1 antibody corresponds to amino acids 231-340 according to the EU numbering. However, the CH2 region may also be of any of the other antibody isotypes as described herein. The term “CH3 region” or “CH3” as used herein is intended to refer to the CH3 region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. Thus, for example the CH3 region of a human IgG1 antibody corresponds to amino acids 341-447 according to the EU numbering. However, the CH3 region may also be of any of the other antibody isotypes as described herein. A “light chain variable region” (VL) or “heavy chain variable region” (VH) consists of four “framework” regions interrupted by three “complementarity determining regions” or “CDRs” . The framework regions serve to align the CDRs for specific binding to an epitope of an antigen. The CDRs include the amino acid residues of an antibody that are primarily responsible for antigen binding. From amino-terminus to carboxyl-terminus, both VL and VH domains comprise the following framework (FR) and CDR regions: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4. CDRs 1, 2, and 3 of a VL domain are also referred to herein, respectively, as LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3; CDRs 1, 2, and 3 of a VH domain are also referred to herein, respectively, as HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3.
[0072] The term “isotype” as used herein, refers to the immunoglobulin (sub) class (for instance IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgD, IgA, IgE, IgM, or any allotype thereof, such as those allotypes of Table 2 below) that is encoded by heavy chain constant region genes. Each heavy chain isotype can be combined with either a kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) light chain. An antibody of the invention can possess any isotype
[0073] The assignment of amino acids to each VL and VH domain is in accordance with any conventional definition of CDRs. Conventional definitions include, the Kabat definition (Kabat, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1987 and 1991) , the Chothia definition (Chothia &Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901-917, 1987; Chothia et al., Nature 342: 878-883, 1989) ; a composite of Chothia Kabat CDR (also named Chothia and Kabat Combined CDR) , in which each CDR is a composite of Chothia and Kabat CDR; the AbM definition used by Oxford Molecular’s antibody modelling software; and, the contact definition of Martin et al. (world wide web bioinfo. org. uk / abs) . Kabat provides a widely used numbering convention (Kabat numbering system) in which corresponding residues between different heavy chains or between different light chains are assigned the same number.
[0074] The present disclosure involves CDRs defined according to any of these numbering systems, although preferred embodiments involve Chothia and Kabat Combined defined CDRs.
[0075] Table A. The definition methods for CDRs of an antibody (see http: / / bioinf. org. uk / abs / )
[0076] In Table A, Laa-Lbb may refers to the amino acid sequence from position aa (according to Chothia numbering system) to position bb (according to Chothia numbering system) starting from the N-terminus of the antibody light chain; and Haa-Hbb may refer to the amino acid sequence from position aa (according to Chothia numbering system) to position bb (according to Chothia numbering system) starting from the N-terminus of the antibody heavy chain. For example, L24-L34 can refer to the amino acid sequence from position 24 to position 34 (according to Chothia numbering system) starting from the N-terminus of the antibody light chain; and H26-H32 may refer to the amino acid sequence from position 26 to position 32 (according to Chothia numbering system) starting from the N-terminus of the antibody heavy chain.
[0077] “Single-domain antibody” , dAb” , “VHH” or “dAb fragment” refers to an antibody fragment composed of a VH domain (Ward et al., Nature 341: 544 546 (1989) ) . The second antigen-binding region of the present invention may be a single-domain antibody. Single-domain antibodies (sdAb, also called or VHH) are well known to the skilled person, see e.g., Hamers-Casterman et al. (1993) Nature 363: 446, Roovers et al. (2007) Curr Opin Mol Ther 9: 327 and Krah et al. (2016) Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 38: 21. Single-domain antibodies comprise a single CDR1, a single CDR2 and a single CDR3. Examples of single-domain antibodies are variable fragments of heavy-chain-only antibodies, antibodies that naturally do not comprise light chains, single-domain antibodies derived from conventional antibodies, and engineered antibodies. Single-domain antibodies may be derived from any species including mouse, human, camel, llama, shark, goat, rabbit, and cow. For example, naturally occurring VHH molecules can be derived from antibodies raised in Camelidae species, for example in camel, dromedary, llama, alpaca and guanaco. Like a whole antibody, a single-domain antibody is able to bind selectively to a single specific antigen. Single-domain antibodies may contain only the variable domain of an immunoglobulin chain, i.e., CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 and framework regions.
[0078] “Fab” or “Fab fragment” refers to an antibody fragment composed of VH, CH1, VL, and CL domains. “F (ab′) 2” or “F (ab′) 2 fragment” refers to an antibody fragment containing two Fab fragments connected by a disulfide bridge in the hinge region.
[0079] “Fd” or “Fd fragment” refers to an antibody fragment composed of VH and CH1 domains.
[0080] “Fv” or “Fv fragment” refers to an antibody fragment composed of the VH and the VL domains from a single arm of the antibody.
[0081] As used herein, the term "binding" or "specifically binding" refers to a non-random binding reaction between two molecules, such as between an antibody and its target antigen. The binding specificity of an antibody can be determined based on affinity and / or avidity. The affinity, represented by the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an antigen with an antibody (KD) , is a measure for the binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and an antigen-binding site on the antibody: the lesser the value of the KD, the stronger the binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and the antibody. Alternatively, the affinity can also be expressed as the affinity constant (KA) , which is 1 / KD.
[0082] Avidity is the measure of the strength of binding between an antibody and the pertinent antigen. Avidity is related to both the affinity between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its antigen binding site on the antibody and the number of pertinent binding sites present on the antibody. Specifically binding of an antibody to an antigen or antigenic determinant can be determined in any suitable manner known per se, including, for example, Scatchard analysis and / or competitive binding assays, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) , enzyme immunoassays (EIA) , bio-layer interferometry (BLI) assay and sandwich competition assays, and the different variants thereof known per se in the art.
[0083] The term “epitope” refers to a site on an antigen to which an antibody binds. An epitope can be formed from contiguous amino acids or noncontiguous amino acids juxtaposed by tertiary folding of one or more proteins. Epitopes formed from contiguous amino acids (also known as linear epitopes) are typically retained on exposure to denaturing solvents whereas epitopes formed by tertiary folding (also known as conformational epitopes) are typically lost on treatment with denaturing solvents. An epitope typically includes at least 3, and more usually, at least 5 or 8-10 amino acids in a unique spatial conformation. The epitope defines the smallest binding site of an antibody and therefore is the specific target of the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
[0084] As used herein, the term “sequence identity” refers to the extent to which two sequences (amino acid) have the same residue at the same positions in an alignment. For example, “an amino acid sequence is X%identical to SEQ ID NO: Y” refers to %identity of the amino acid sequence to SEQ ID NO: Y and is elaborated as X%of residues in the amino acid sequence are identical to the residues of sequence disclosed in SEQ ID NO: Y. Generally, computer programs are employed for such calculations. Exemplary programs that compare and align pairs of sequences, include ALIGN (Myers and Miller, 1988) , FASTA (Pearson and Lipman, 1988; Pearson, 1990) and gapped BLAST (Altschul et al., 1997) , BLASTP, BLASTN, or GCG (Devereux et al., 1984) .
[0085] Also, in determining the degree of sequence identity between two amino acid sequences, the skilled person may take into account the so-called "conservative" amino acid substitutions, which can generally be described as amino acid substitutions in which an amino acid residue is replaced with another amino acid residue of similar chemical structure and which has little or essentially no influence on the function, activity or other biological properties of the polypeptide.
[0086] Such conservative substitutions preferably are substitutions in which one amino acid within the following groups (a) - (e) is substituted by another amino acid residue within the same group: (a) small aliphatic, nonpolar or slightly polar residues: Ala, Ser, Thr, Pro and Gly; (b) polar, negatively charged residues and their (uncharged) amides: Asp, Asn, Glu and Gln; (c) polar, positively charged residues: His, Arg and Lys; (d) large aliphatic, nonpolar residues: Met, Leu, Ile, Val and Cys; and (e) aromatic residues: Phe, Tyr and Trp.
[0087] Particularly preferred conservative substitutions are as follows: Ala into Gly or into Ser; Arg into Lys; Asn into Gln or into His; Asp into Glu; Cys into Ser; Gln into Asn; Glu into Asp; Gly into Ala or into Pro; His into Asn or into Gln; Ile into Leu or into Val; Leu into Ile or into Val; Lys into Arg, into Gln or into Glu; Met into Leu, into Tyr or into Ile; Phe into Met, into Leu or into Tyr; Ser into Thr; Thr into Ser; Trp into Tyr; Tyr into Trp; and / or Phe into Val, into Ile or into Leu.
[0088] As used herein, the term "monoclonal antibody" refers to an antibody obtained from a substantially homogeneous antibody population. That is, antibodies constituting the population are the same, except for possible naturally occurring mutations in small amount. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific and are directed against a single antigen. The term "monoclonal antibody" herein is not limited to antibodies produced by hybridoma technology, and should not be interpreted as requiring production of antibodies by any specific method.
[0089] The term “bispecific antibody” refers to a molecule (such as an antibody) that specifically binds two distinct antigens or two distinct epitopes within the same antigen. The bispecific molecule may have cross-reactivity to other related antigens, for example to the same antigen from other species (homologs) , such as human, monkey, or ape, for example Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey, cyno) or Pan troglodytes, or may bind an epitope that is shared between two or more distinct antigens.
[0090] As used herein, the term "tumor associated antigen" refers to an antigen that is differentially expressed in cancer cells compared to normal cells, and therefore can be used to target cancer cells.
[0091] As used herein, the term "vector" is intended to refer to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked.
[0092] As used herein, the term "host cell" refers to a cell into which an expression vector has been introduced.
[0093] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means that the carrier or adjuvant is compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not substantially deleterious to the recipient thereof and / or that such carrier or adjuvant is approved or approvable for inclusion in a pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration to humans.
[0094] As used herein, the terms "treatment, " "treating, " and the like, refer to administering an agent, or carrying out a procedure, for the purposes of obtaining an effect. The effect may be prophylactic in terms of completely or partially preventing a disease or symptom thereof and / or may be therapeutic in terms of effecting a partial or complete cure for a disease and / or symptom of the disease. "Treatment, " as used herein, may include treatment of a disease or disorder (e.g. cancer) in a mammal, particularly in a human, and includes: (a) preventing the disease or a symptom of a disease from occurring in a subject which may be predisposed to the disease but has not yet been diagnosed as having it (e.g., including diseases that may be associated with or caused by a primary disease; (b) inhibiting the disease, i.e., arresting its development; and (c) relieving the disease, i.e., causing regression of the disease. Treating may refer to any indicia of success in the treatment or amelioration or prevention of a cancer, including any objective or subjective parameter such as abatement; remission; diminishing of symptoms or making the disease condition more tolerable to the patient; slowing in the rate of degeneration or decline; or making the final point of degeneration less debilitating. The treatment or amelioration of symptoms is based on one or more objective or subjective parameters; including the results of an examination by a physician. Accordingly, the term "treating" includes the administration of the antibodies or compositions or conjugates disclosed herein to prevent or delay, to alleviate, or to arrest or inhibit development of the symptoms or conditions associated with diseases (e.g., cancers) . The term "therapeutic effect" refers to the reduction, elimination, or prevention of the disease, symptoms of the disease, or side effects of the disease in the subject.
[0095] The term "effective amount" as used herein means the amount that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, is sufficient to effect treatment for that disease.
[0096] The term “subject” , as used herein, refers to any mammalian subject for whom diagnosis, treatment, or therapy is desired. "Mammal" for purposes of treatment refers to any animal classified as a mammal, including humans, domestic and farm animals, and laboratory, zoo, sports, or pet animals, such as dogs, horses, cats, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, monkeys etc.
[0097] Chemical definitions
[0098] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example “C1-6 alkyl” is intended to include C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-6, C1-5, C1-4, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3-4, C4-6, C4-5 and C5-6 alkyl.
[0099] “C1-50 alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms.
[0100] “C1-20 alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
[0101] “C1-10 alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0102] “C1-6 alkyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, C1-4 alkyl is preferred. Examples of C1-6 alkyl include methyl (C1) , ethyl (C2) , n-propyl (C3) , iso-propyl (C3) , n-butyl (C4) , tert-butyl (C4) , sec-butyl (C4) , iso-butyl (C4) , n-pentyl (C5) , 3-pentyl (C5) , pentyl (C5) , neopentyl (C5) , 3-methyl-2-butyl (C5) , tert-pentyl (C5) and n-hexyl (C6) . The term “C1-6 alkyl” also includes heteroalkyl, wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4) carbon atoms are subsituted with heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) . Alkyl groups can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents, for example, with 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents or 1 substituent. Conventional abbreviations of alkyl include Me (-CH3) , Et (-CH2CH3) , iPr (-CH (CH3) 2) , nPr (-CH2CH2CH3) , n-Bu (-CH2CH2CH2CH3) or i-Bu (-CH2CH (CH3) 2) . “C1-6 alkoxy” employed alone or in combination with other terms means, unless otherwise stated, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms connected to the rest of the molecule via an oxygen atom, such as, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 1-propoxy, 2-propoxy (isopropoxy) and the higher homologs and isomers. In some embodiments, C1-4 alkoxy is preferred.
[0103] “C2-20 alkenyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond. “C2-10 alkenyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond. In some embodiments, C2-6 alkenyl is preferred. In some embodiments, C2-4 alkenyl is more preferred. Examples of C2-6 alkenyl include vinyl (C2) , 1-propenyl (C3) , 2-propenyl (C3) , 1-butenyl (C4) , 2-butenyl (C4) , butadienyl (C4) , pentenyl (C5) , pentadienyl (C5) , hexenyl (C6) , etc. The term “C2-6 alkenyl” also includes heteroalkenyl, wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4) carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) . The alkenyl groups can be optionally substituted with one or more substituents, for example, with 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents or 1 substituent.
[0104] “C2-20 alkynyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and optionally one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. “C2-10 alkynyl” refers to a radical of a straight or branched hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and optionally one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. In some embodiments, C2-6 alkynyl is preferred. In some embodiments, C2-4 alkynyl is more preferred. Examples of C2-6 alkynyl include, but are not limited to, ethynyl (C2) , 1-propynyl (C3) , 2-propynyl (C3) , 1-butynyl (C4) , 2-butynyl (C4) , pentynyl (C5) , hexynyl (C6) , etc. The term “C2-6 alkynyl” also includes heteroalkynyl, wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3 or 4) carbon atoms are replaced by heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, boron, silicon, phosphorus) . The alkynyl groups can be substituted with one or more substituents, for example, with 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents or 1 substituent.
[0105] “C1-50 alkylene” refers to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of the C1-50 alkyl, and can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene. In some embodiments, C1-20 alkylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C1-10 alkylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C1-6 alkylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C1-4 alkylene is particularly preferred. The unsubstituted alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, methylene (-CH2-) , ethylene (-CH2CH2-) , propylene (-CH2CH2CH2-) , butylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2-) , pentylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-) , hexylene (-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-) , etc. Examples of substituted alkylene groups, such as those substituted with one or more alkyl (methyl) groups, include, but are not limited to, substituted methylene (-CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2-) , substituted ethylene (-CH (CH3) CH2-, -CH2CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2CH2-, -CH2C (CH3) 2-) , substituted propylene (-CH (CH3) CH2CH2-, -CH2CH (CH3) CH2-, -CH2CH2CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2CH2CH2-, -CH2C (CH3) 2CH2-, -CH2CH2C (CH3) 2-) , etc.
[0106] “C2-20 alkenylene” refers to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of the C2-20 alkenyl, and can be substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene. In some embodiments, C2-10 alkenylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C2-6 alkenylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C2-4 alkenylene is particularly preferred. Exemplary unsubstituted alkenylene groups include, but are not limited to, ethenylene (-CH=CH-) and propenylene (e.g., -CH=CHCH2-, -CH2-CH=CH-) . Exemplary substituted alkenylene groups, e.g., substituted with one or more alkyl (methyl) groups, include but are not limited to, substituted ethenylene (-C (CH3) =CH-, -CH=C (CH3) -) , substituted propenylene (e.g., -C (CH3) =CHCH2-, -CH=C (CH3) CH2-, -CH=CHCH (CH3) -, -CH=CHC (CH3) 2-, -CH (CH3) -CH=CH-, -C (CH3) 2-CH=CH-, -CH2-C (CH3) =CH-, -CH2-CH=C (CH3) -) , and the like.
[0107] “C2-20 alkynylene” refers to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of the C2-20 alkynyl, and can be substituted or unsubstituted alkynylene. In some embodiments, C2-10 alkynylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C2-6 alkynylene is preferred. In some embodiments, C2-4 alkynylene is particularly preferred. Exemplary alkynylene groups include, but are not limited to, ethynylene (-C≡C-) , substituted or unsubstituted propynylene (-C≡CCH2-) , and the like.
[0108] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (F) , chlorine (Cl) , bromine (Br) and iodine (I) .
[0109] “C1-6 haloalkyl” means the above “C1-6 alkyl” which is substituted with one or more halogen groups. “C1-6 haloalkoxy” means the above “C1-6 alkoxy” which is substituted with one or more halogen groups. Examples include mono-, di-, and poly-halogenated, including perhalogenated, alkyl. A monohalogen substituent in the group may be an iodine, bromine, chlorine or fluorine atom; dihalogen substituents and polyhalogen substituents may be two or more identical halogen atoms or a combination of different halogens. Examples of preferred haloalkyl groups include monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, heptafluoropropyl, difluorochloromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, difluoroethyl, difluoropropyl, dichloroethyl and dichloropropyl. The haloalkyl group can be substituted at any available point of attachment, for example, with 1 to 5 substituents, 1 to 3 substituents or 1 substituent.
[0110] “C3-10 cycloalkyl” refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatom. In some embodiments, C5-10 cycloalkyl is especially preferred, C4-6 cycloalkyl is more preferred, and C3-5 cycloalkyl is even more preferred. Cycloalkyl also includes ring systems wherein the cycloalkyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups wherein the point of attachment is on the cycloalkyl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbons continues to designate the number of carbons in the cycloalkyl ring system. Exemplary cycloalkyl groups include, but is not limited to, cyclopropyl (C3) , cyclopropenyl (C3) , cyclobutyl (C4) , cyclobutenyl (C4) , cyclopentyl (C5) , cyclopentenyl (C5) , cyclohexyl (C6) , cyclohexenyl (C6) , cyclohexadienyl (C6) , cycloheptyl (C7) , cycloheptenyl (C7) , cycloheptadienyl (C7) , cycloheptatrienyl (C7) , and the like.
[0111] The terms “heterocyclic” , “heterocyclyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” can be used interchangeably and referred to a non-aromatic ring or a bi-or tri-cyclic group fused, bridged or spiro system, where (i) each ring system contains at least one heteroatom independently selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, (ii) each ring system can be saturated or unsaturated (iii) the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, (iv) the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized, (v) any of the above rings may be fused to an aromatic ring, and (vi) the remaining ring atoms are carbon atoms which may be optionally oxo-substituted or optionally substituted with exocyclic olefinic, iminic or oximic double bond.
[0112] “3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl” refers to a radical of a 3-to 10-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon. In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as long as valency permits. In some embodiments, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclyl is preferred, which is a radical of a 5-to 10-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 5 ring heteroatoms; in some embodiments, 3-to 7-membered heterocyclyl is preferred, which is a radical of a 3-to 7-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms; 5-to 6-membered heterocyclyl is more preferred, which is a radical of a 5-to 6-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 3 ring heteroatoms. Heterocyclyl also includes ring systems wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more cycloalkyl groups, and the point of attachment is on the cycloalkyl ring; or wherein the heterocyclyl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more aryl or heteroaryl groups, and the point of attachment is on the heterocyclyl ring; and in such instances, the number of ring members continues to designate the number of ring members in the heterocyclyl ring system. Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, azirdinyl, oxiranyl, and thiorenyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, oxetanyl and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl and pyrrolyl-2, 5-dione. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, oxasulfuranyl, disulfuranyl, and oxazolidin-2-one. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing three heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing three heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, triazinanyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 5, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, but are not limited to, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, benzoxazolinonyl, and the like. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 6, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, but are not limited to, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like.
[0113] The 3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl also includes a spiroheterocyclic group, that is, a group in which two rings (e.g., a heterocyclyl and a carbocyclyl) share one carbon atom, wherein at least one ring is a heterocyclyl as defined above. More specifically, the spiroheterocyclyl is a spiro ring formed by two 4-membered rings, two 5-membered rings, two 6-membered rings, one 4-membered ring and one 5-membered ring, one 4-membered ring and one 6-membered ring, or one 5-membered ring and one 6-membered ring, wherein at least one ring is a 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl as defined above, a 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing 1, 2 or 3 O, N or S heteroatoms is preferred, and a 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing 1 N heteroatom is more preferred. Specific spiroheterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to:
[0114] “C6-10 aryl” refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 or 10 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6-10 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatom. In some embodiments, an aryl group has six ring carbon atoms ( “C6 aryl” ; e.g., phenyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has ten ring carbon atoms ( “C10 aryl” ; e.g., naphthyl such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) . Aryl also includes ring systems wherein the aryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl groups and the point of attachment is on the aryl ring, and in such instances, the number of carbon atoms continues to designate the number of carbon atoms in the aryl ring system.
[0115] “5-to 10-membered heteroaryl” refers to a radical of a 5-10 membered monocyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 or 10 π electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as long as valency permits. Heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. Heteroaryl further includes ring systems wherein the heteroaryl ring, as defined above, is fused with one or more cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl groups and the point of attachment is on the heteroaryl ring, and in such instances, the number of ring members continues to designate the number of ring members in the heteroaryl ring system. In some embodiments, 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl is especially preferred, which is a radical of a 5-6 membered monocyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, furanyl and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing three heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g., 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl) , and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing four heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing three or four heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5, 6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6, 6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.
[0116] The terms “C3-10 cycloalkylene” , “3-to 10-membered heterocyclylene” , “C6-10 arylene” and “5-to 10-membered heteroarylene” refer to a divalent group formed by removing another hydrogen of the “C3-10 cycloalkyl” , “3-to 10-membered heterocyclyl” , “C6-10 aryl” and “5-to 10-membered heteroaryl” , and can be a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene.
[0117] It is understood that any alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or the like, described herein can also be a divalent or multivalent group when used as a linkage to connect two or more groups or substituents, which can be at the same or different atom (s) . One of skill in the art can readily determine the valence of any such group from the context in which it occurs.
[0118] The term “optionally substituted” , as used herein, means that the referenced group may be substituted or unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the referenced group is optionally substituted with zero substituents, i.e., the referenced group is unsubstituted. In another embodiment, the referenced group is optionally substituted with one or more additional group (s) individually and independently selected from groups described herein.
[0119] The term “hydrogen” includes hydrogen and deuterium. In addition, the recitation of an atom includes other isotopes of that atom so long as the resulting compound is pharmaceutically acceptable.
[0120] Alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, as defined herein, are optionally substituted groups. In general, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that at least one hydrogen present on a group (e.g., a carbon or nitrogen atom) is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent is either the same or different at each position. The term “substituted” is contemplated to include substitution with all permissible substituents of organic compounds, any of the substituents described herein that results in the formation of a stable compound. For purposes of this invention, heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and / or any suitable substituent as described herein which satisfy the valencies of the heteroatoms and results in the formation of a stable moiety.
[0121] Exemplary substituents on a carbon atom include, but are not limited to, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORaa, -ON (Rbb) 2, -N (Rbb) 2, -N (Rbb) 3+X-, -N (ORcc) Rbb, -SH, -SRaa, -SSRcc, -C (=O) Raa, -CO2H, -CHO, -C (ORcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -OC (=O) Raa, -OCO2Raa, -C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -NRbbC (=O) Raa, -NRbbCO2Raa, -NRbbC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=NRbb) Raa, -C (=NRbb) ORaa, -OC (=NRbb) Raa, -OC (=NRbb) ORaa, -C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -NRbbC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, -NRbbSO2Raa, -SO2N (Rbb) 2, -SO2Raa, -SO2ORaa, -OSO2Raa, -S (=O) Raa, -OS (=O) Raa, -Si (Raa) 3, -OSi (Raa) 3, -C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=O) SRaa, -C (=S) SRaa, -SC (=S) SRaa, -SC (=O) SRaa, -OC (=O) SRaa, -SC (=O) ORaa, -SC (=O) Raa, -P (=O) 2Raa, -OP (=O) 2Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -OP (=O) (Raa) 2, -OP (=O) (ORcc) 2, -P (=O) 2N (Rbb) 2, -OP (=O) 2N (Rbb) 2, -P (=O) (NRbb) 2, -OP (=O) (NRbb) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (ORcc) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (NRbb) 2, -P (Rcc) 2, -P (Rcc) 3, -OP (Rcc) 2, -OP (Rcc) 3, -B (Raa) 2, -B (ORcc) 2, -BRaa (ORcc) , alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups;
[0122] or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =O, =S, =NN (Rbb) 2, =NNRbbC (=O) Raa, =NNRbbC (=O) ORaa, =NNRbbS (=O) 2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORcc;
[0123] each instance of Raa is, independently, selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or two Raa groups are joined to form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rbb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, -OH, -ORaa, -N (Rcc) 2, -CN, -C (=O) Raa, -C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -SO2Raa, -C (=NRcc) ORaa, -C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, -SO2N (Rcc) 2, -SO2Rcc, -SO2ORcc, -SORaa, -C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, -C (=O) SRcc, -C (=S) SRcc, -P (=O) 2Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) 2N (Rcc) 2, -P (=O) (NRcc) 2, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are joined to form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups;
[0124] each instance of Rcc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are joined to form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups;
[0125] each instance of Rdd is, independently, selected from halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORee, -ON (Rff) 2, -N (Rff) 2, -N (Rff) 3+X-, -N (ORee) Rff, -SH, -SRee, -SSRee, -C (=O) Ree, -CO2H, -CO2Ree, -OC (=O) Ree, -OCO2Ree, -C (=O) N (Rff) 2, -OC (=O) N (Rff) 2, -NRffC (=O) Ree, -NRffCO2Ree, -NRffC (=O) N (Rff) 2, -C (=NRff) ORee, -OC (=NRff) Ree, -OC (=NRff) ORee, -C (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, -OC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, -NRffC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, -NRffSO2Ree, -SO2N (Rff) 2, -SO2Ree, -SO2ORee, -OSO2Ree, -S (=O) Ree, -Si (Ree) 3, -OSi (Ree) 3, -C (=S) N (Rff) 2, -C (=O) SRee, -C (=S) SRee, -SC (=S) SRee, -P (=O) 2Ree, -P (=O) (Ree) 2, -OP (=O) (Ree) 2, -OP (=O) (ORee) 2, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups, or two geminal Rdd substituents can be joined to form =O or =S;
[0126] each instance of Ree is, independently, selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups;
[0127] each instance of Rff is, independently, selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl, or two Rff groups are joined to form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups; and
[0128] each instance of Rgg is, independently, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -OC1-6 alkyl, -ON (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -N (C1-6 alkyl) 3+X-, -NH (C1-6 alkyl) 2+X-, -NH2 (C1-6 alkyl) +X-, -NH3+X-, -N (OC1-6 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , -N (OH) (C1-6 alkyl) , -NH (OH) , -SH, -SC1-6 alkyl, -SS (C1-6 alkyl) , -C (=O) (C1-6 alkyl) , -CO2H, -CO2 (C1-6 alkyl) , -OC (=O) (C1-6 alkyl) , -OCO2 (C1-6 alkyl) , -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -OC (=O) NH (C1-6 alkyl) , -NHC (=O) (C1-6 alkyl) , -N (C1-6 alkyl) C (=O) (C1-6 alkyl) , -NHCO2 (C1-6 alkyl) , -NHC (=O) N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -NHC (=O) NH (C1-6 alkyl) , -NHC (=O) NH2, -C (=NH) O (C1-6 alkyl) , -OC (=NH) (C1-6 alkyl) , -OC (=NH) OC1-6 alkyl, -C (=NH) N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -C (=NH) NH (C1-6 alkyl) , -C (=NH) NH2, -OC (=NH) N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -OC (NH) NH (C1-6 alkyl) , -OC (NH) NH2, -NHC (NH) N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -NHC (=NH) NH2, -NHSO2 (C1-6 alkyl) , -SO2N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -SO2NH (C1-6 alkyl) , -SO2NH2, -SO2C1-6 alkyl, -SO2OC1-6 alkyl, -OSO2C1-6 alkyl, -SOC1-6 alkyl, -Si (C1-6 alkyl) 3, -OSi (C1-6 alkyl) 3 -C (=S) N (C1-6 alkyl) 2, C (=S) NH (C1-6 alkyl) , C (=S) NH2, -C (=O) S (C1-6 alkyl) , -C (=S) SC1-6 alkyl, -SC (=S) SC1-6 alkyl, -P (=O) 2 (C1-6 alkyl) , -P (=O) (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -OP (=O) (C1-6 alkyl) 2, -OP (=O) (OC1-6 alkyl) 2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 carbocyclyl, C6-C10 aryl, C3-C7 heterocyclyl, C5-C10 heteroaryl; or two geminal Rgg substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X-is a counterion.
[0129] Exemplary substituents on a nitrogen atom include, but are not limited to, hydrogen, -OH, -ORaa, -N (Rcc) 2, -CN, -C (=O) Raa, -C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -SO2Raa, -C (=NRbb) Raa, -C (=NRcc) ORaa, -C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, -SO2N (Rcc) 2, -SO2Rcc, -SO2ORcc, -SORaa, -C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, -C (=O) SRcc, -C (=S) SRcc, -P (=O) 2Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) 2N (Rcc) 2, -P (=O) (NRcc) 2, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups attached to a nitrogen atom are joined to form a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc and Rdd are as defined above.
[0130] When any variable (such as R) occurs in the constitution or structure of the compound more than once, the definition of the variable at each occurrence is independent. Thus, for example, if a group is substituted by 0-2 R, the group can be optionally substituted by up to two R, wherein the definition of R at each occurrence is independent. Moreover, a combination of the substituent and / or the variant thereof is allowed only when the combination results in a stable compound.
[0131] When the number of a linking group is 0, such as - (C1-6 alkylene) 0-, it means that the linking group is a single bond. When one of variables is a single bond, it means that the two groups linked by the single bond are connected directly. For example, when L in A-L-B represents a single bond, the structure of A-L-B is actually A-B.
[0132] When an enumerated linking group does not indicate its linking direction, its linking direction is arbitrary. For example, when the linking group L in A-L-B is -M-W-, the -M-W-can be linked to the variable A and the variable B in the same direction as the reading order from left to right to constitute A-MW--B, or can be linked to the ring A and the ring B in the reverse direction as the reading order from left to right to constitute A-WM-B. A combination of the linking groups, substituents and / or variants thereof is allowed only when such combination can result in a stable compound.
[0133] Unless otherwise specified, when a group has one or more connectable sites, any one or more sites of the group can be connected to other groups through chemical bonds. Where the connection position of the chemical bond is variable, and there is H atom (s) at a connectable site (s) , when the connectable site (s) having H atom (s) is connected to the chemical bond, the number of H atom (s) at this site will correspondingly decrease as the number of the connected chemical bond increases, and the group will become a group of corresponding valence.
[0134] Bispecific antibodies
[0135] The present disclosure provides a bispecific antibody comprising an EGFR-binding region and a HER3-binding region, wherein the EGFR-binding region comprises a first heavy chain variable region (VH1) and a first light chain variable region (VL1) , and the HER3-binding region comprises a second heavy chain variable region (VH2) and a second light chain variable region (VL2) .
[0136] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH1 comprises HCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18, respectively, and the VL1 comprises LCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 24, 25, and 26, respectively.
[0137] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH2 comprises HCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21, and 22, respectively, and the VL2 comprises LCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 28, 29, and 30, respectively.
[0138] In some embodiments, the VH1 comprises a functional variant of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15 formed by insertion, deletion and / or substitution of one or more amino acid (s) therein, provided that the functional variant retains the ability of binding to EGFR. In some embodiments, the VL1 comprises a functional variant of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23 formed by insertion, deletion and / or substitution of one or more amino acid (s) therein, provided that the functional variant retains the ability of binding to EGFR. In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15, and the VL1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0139] In some embodiments, the VH2 comprises a functional variant of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 formed by insertion, deletion and / or substitution of one or more amino acid (s) therein, provided that the functional variant retains the ability of binding to HER3. In some embodiments, the VL2 comprises a functional variant of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27 formed by insertion, deletion and / or substitution of one or more amino acid (s) therein, provided that the functional variant retains the ability of binding to HER3. In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the VH2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19, and the VL2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0140] Variants of the sequences disclosed herein preferably comprise conservative modifications of the disclosed sequence. “Conservative modifications” refer to amino acid modifications that do not significantly affect or alter the binding characteristics of the antibody containing the amino acid modifications. Conservative modifications include amino acid substitutions, additions and deletions. Conservative amino acid substitutions are those in which the amino acid is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. The families of amino acid residues having similar side chains are well defined and include amino acids with acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan) , aromatic side chains (e.g., phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, tyrosine) , aliphatic side chains (e.g., glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine, threonine) , amide (e.g., asparagine, glutamine) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and sulfur-containing side chains (cysteine, methionine) . Furthermore, any native residue in the polypeptide may also be substituted with alanine, as has been previously described for alanine scanning mutagenesis (MacLennan et al., (1988) Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 643: 55-67; Sasaki et al., (1988) Adv Biophys 35: 1-24) . Amino acid substitutions to the antibodies of the invention may be made by known methods for example by PCR mutagenesis (U. S. Pat. No. 4, 683, 195) . Alternatively, libraries of variants may be generated for example using random (NNK) or non-random codons, for example DVK codons, which encode 11 amino acids (Ala, Cys, Asp, Glu, Gly, Lys, Asn, Arg, Ser, Tyr, Trp) . The resulting variants may be tested for their characteristics using assays described herein.
[0141] In a preferable embodiment of the bispecific antibody, the VH1 comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15, and the VL1 comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; the VH2 comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19, and the VL2 comprises an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0142] The bispecific antibody disclosed herein may have any suitable antibody format. Many antibody formats have been described in the art.
[0143] The EGFR-binding region capable of binding a human EGFR may be of any suitable format, e.g., a Fab, an scFv, a (scFv) 2, a Fv, a F (ab’ ) 2 or a Fd.
[0144] The HER3-binding region capable of binding a human HER3 receptor may be of any suitable format, e.g., a Fab, an scFv, a (scFv) 2, a Fv, a F (ab’ ) 2, or a Fd.
[0145] The bispecific antibody may comprise a Fab comprising the EGFR-binding region, and a Fab comprising the HER3-binding region.
[0146] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, both of the EGFR-binding region and the HER3-binding region are in the form of Fab.
[0147] In some embodiments, bispecific antibody, further comprises an Fc region comprising a CH2 region and a CH3 region. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises: a heavy chain 1 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VH1, CH1, CH2, and CH3; a heavy chain 2 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VH2, CL, CH2, and CH3; a light chain 1 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VL1 and CL; and a light chain 2 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VL2 and CH1.
[0148] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, each of the CH1, CH2 and CH3 is independently derived from immunoglobulin isotype IgG (e.g. human IgG) , preferably derived from IgG subtype selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 (e.g. human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) .
[0149] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the CL is derived from λ light chain or κ light chain.
[0150] When the antigen-binding molecule comprises different binding moieties fused to the two subunits of the Fc region, it may result in undesired homodimerization. To improve yield and purity, it is thus advantageous to introduce modifications that promote heterodimerization in the Fc region of the antigen-binding molecule of the present disclosure.
[0151] Bispecific antibodies used in the methods of the disclosure may also be generated using designs such as the Knob-in-Hole, CrossMAbs and the electrostatically-matched, and the LUZ-Y (Genentech) , the Strand Exchange Engineered Domain body (SEEDbody) (EMD Serono) , and the Biclonic (Merus) .
[0152] In some embodiments, the Fc region of the present disclosure comprises engineering according to the knob-into-hole (KIH) technique, which involves introducing a knob structure at the interface of the first subunit and a hole structure at the interface of the second subunit. As such, the knob structure can be positioned in the hole structure, thereby promoting the formation of heterodimers and inhibiting the production of homodimers. The knob structure is constructed by substituting a small amino acid side chain at the interface of the first subunit with a larger side chain (e.g., tyrosine or tryptophan) . The hole structure is created at the interface of the second subunit by substituting a large amino acid side chain with a smaller amino acid side chain (e.g., alanine or threonine) . The knob and hole structures are prepared by altering the nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide.
[0153] An alternative approach is based on charged residues with ionic interactions or steric complementarity. This includes altering the charge polarity in the CH3 interface so that co-expression of electrostatically matched Fc domains support favorable attractive interactions and heterodimer formation while retaining the hydrophobic core, whereas unfavorable repulsive charge interactions suppress homodimerization.
[0154] Table B lists several amino acid substitution options for overcoming mispairing between heavy chains of different binding specificities, which "enforce" or preferentially promote correct association between desired heavy chains. Any approach to prevent or reduce mispairing between heavy chains may be used to make the bispecific antibodies according to the present disclosure.
[0155] Table B. (numbered according to Kabat numbering scheme)
[0156] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the CH3 region comprises a knob-into-hole mutation. In a preferable embodiment, the CH3 region of HC1 comprising the following mutation: S356C, T368W; and the CH3 region of HC2 comprising the following mutation: Y353C, T370S, L372A, Y411V. (Numbered according to the site sequence of J17 disclosed herein)
[0157] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the CH3 region comprises an ionic interaction mutation. In a preferable embodiment, the CH3 region of HC1 comprising the following mutation: E358K, D401K; and the CH3 region of HC2 comprising the following mutation: K396D, K413D. (Numbered according to the site sequence of J17 disclosed herein) .
[0158] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the CH3 region comprises a knob-into-hole mutation and an ionic interaction mutation. In a preferable embodiment, the CH3 region of HC1 comprising the following mutation: S356C, E358K, T368W, D401K; and the CH3 region of HC2 comprising the following mutation: Y353C, T370S, L372A, K396D, Y411V, K413D. (Numbered according to the site sequence of J17 disclosed herein) .
[0159] Other techniques for modifying the CH3 domain of the heavy chain to achieve heterodimerization are also known in the art, e.g., WO96 / 27011, WO98 / 050431, EP1870459, WO2007 / 110205, WO 007 / 147901, WO2009 / 089004, WO2010 / 129304, WO2011 / 90754, WO2011 / 143545, WO2012 / 058768, WO2013 / 157954, and WO 013 / 096291. CrossMAb technology, in addition to utilizing the “knob-in-hole” strategy to promoter Fab arm exchange utilizes CH1 / CL domain swaps in one half arm to ensure correct light chain pairing of the resulting bispecific antibody (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 8,242,247) .
[0160] Another approach to addressing the light chain problem is to use genetic engineering methods to modify the interface where the light chain and heavy chain interact, generating orthogonal interactions, allowing the light chain to bind with high affinity to the partner heavy chain. This method mainly focuses on modifying the interaction between the variable regions VH-CL and makes necessary adjustments to the CH1-CL interaction.
[0161] Other cross-over strategies may be used to generate full length bispecific antibodies of the invention by exchanging variable or constant, or both domains between the heavy chain and the light chain or within the heavy chain in the bispecific antibodies, either in one or both arms. These exchanges include for example VH-CH1 with VL-CL, VH with VL, CH3 with CL and CH3 with CH1 as described in Int. Patent Publ. Nos. WO2009 / 080254, WO2009 / 080251, WO2009 / 018386 and WO2009 / 080252.
[0162] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, in any one of the Fabs, (a) VH and VL are interchanged, (b) CH1 and CL are interchanged, or (c) VH and VL are interchanged and CH1 and CL are interchanged. In a preferable embodiment, the CH1 and the CL comprised in the EGFR-binding region are interchanged.
[0163] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the heavy chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; the heavy chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; the light chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0164] In some embodiments of the bispecific antibody, the heavy chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, the heavy chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; the light chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the light chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
[0165] Nucleic acids
[0166] The present disclosure provides a nucleic acid encoding the bispecific antibody disclosed herein.
[0167] The term "nucleic acid" includes both single-stranded and double-stranded nucleotide polymers. The nucleic acid can be ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides or a modified form of either type of nucleotide. Said modifications include base modifications such as bromouridine and inosine derivatives, ribose modifications such as 2', 3'-dideoxyribose, and internucleotide linkage modifications such as phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenoate, phosphorodiselenoate, phosphoroanilothioate, phoshoraniladate and phosphoroamidate.
[0168] The invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy chain sequence disclosed herein. For example, the invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding a sequence that is at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to any one of the heavy chain sequences disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0169] The invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the light chain sequence disclosed herein. For example, the invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding a sequence that is at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to any one of the light chain sequences disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4. The invention also provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy chain variable region sequence disclosed herein. For example, the invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding a sequence that are at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to any one of the heavy chain variable region sequences disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0170] The invention also provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the light chain variable region sequence disclosed herein. For example, the invention provides nucleic acid molecules encoding a sequence that are at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99%identical to any one of the light chain variable region sequences disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 23. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding a sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.
[0171] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) . In some embodiments, the invention provides a ribonucleic acid (RNA) comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the invention provides a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) comprising a deoxynucleotide sequence encoding the antibody disclosed herein.
[0172] In some embodiments, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) may be introduced into the cells of a human body in vivo.
[0173] In some embodiments, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the invention is comprised in a vector or a delivering agent. In some embodiments, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the invention is integrated into the genome of a cell.
[0174] In some embodiments, the ribonucleic acid (RNA) may be introduced into the cells of a human body in vivo. In some embodiments, the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the invention is comprised in a vector or a delivering agent.
[0175] Vectors
[0176] The present disclosure provides a vector comprising the nucleic acid disclosed herein.
[0177] In some embodiments, the vector is an expression vector capable of expressing a polypeptide comprising a heavy or light chain variable region of the antibody. For example, the invention provides expression vectors comprising any of the nucleic acid molecules mentioned above.
[0178] Any vector may be suitable for the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the vector is a viral vector. In some embodiments, the vector is a retroviral vector, a DNA vector, a murine leukemia virus vector, an SFG vector, a plasmid, an RNA vector, an adenoviral vector, a baculoviral vector, an Epstein Barr viral vector, a papovaviral vector, a vaccinia viral vector, a herpes simplex viral vector, an adenovirus associated vector (AAV) , a lentiviral vector, or any combination thereof. Suitable exemplary vectors include e.g., pGAR, pBABE-puro, pBABE-neo largeTcDNA, pBABE-hygro-hTERT, pMKO. 1 GFP, MSCV-IRES-GFP, pMSCV PIG (Puro IRES GFP empty plasmid) , pMSCV-loxp-dsRed-loxp-eGFP-Puro-WPRE, MSCV IRES Luciferase, pMIG, MDH1-PGK-GFP_2.0, TtRMPVIR, pMSCV-IRES-mCherry FP, pRetroX GFP T2A Cre, pRXTN, pLncEXP, and pLXIN-Luc.
[0179] An expression vector may be any suitable recombinant expression vector. Suitable vectors comprise those designed for propagation and expansion or for expression or both, such as plasmids and viruses. For example, a vector may be selected from the pUC series (Fermentas Life Sciences, Glen Burnie, Md. ) , the pBluescript series (Stratagene, LaJolla, Calif. ) , the pET series (Novagen, Madison, Wis. ) , the pGEX series (Pharmacia Biotech, Uppsala, Sweden) , and the pEX series (Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif. ) . Bacteriophage vectors, such as λGT10, λGT11, λZapII (Stratagene) , λEMBL4, and λNM1149, also may be used. Examples of plant expression vectors useful in the context of the disclosure comprise pBI01, pBI101.2, pBI101.3, pBI121 and pBIN19 (Clontech) . Examples of animal expression vectors useful in the context of the disclosure comprise pcDNA, pEUK-Cl, pMAM, and pMAMneo (Clontech) . Recombinant expression vectors may be prepared using standard recombinant DNA techniques described in, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. 2001; and Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Associates and John Wiley &Sons, NY, 1994. Constructs of expression vectors, which are circular or linear, may be prepared to contain a replication system functional in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell. Replication systems may be derived, e.g., from ColEl, 2μ plasmid, λ, SV40, bovine papilloma virus, and the like.
[0180] For example, the vector may be an adenoviral vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody disclosed herein. The vector may be administered into the body of a subject, and then enter a cell of the subject in vivo, thereby the nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody disclosed herein is integrated into the genome of the cell, and subsequently the cell expresses the antibody disclosed herein.
[0181] Host Cells
[0182] The present disclosure provides a host cell comprising the nucleic acid disclosed herein or the vector disclosed herein. Any cell may be used as a host cell for the nucleic acids or the vectors of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the cell can be a prokaryotic cell, fungal cell, yeast cell, or higher eukaryotic cells such as a mammalian cell. Suitable prokaryotic cells include, without limitation, eubacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, for example, Enterobactehaceae such as Escherichia, e.g., E. coli; Enterobacter; Erwinia; Klebsiella; Proteus; Salmonella, e.g., Salmonella typhimurium; Serratia, e.g., Serratia marcescans, and Shigella; Bacilli such as B. subtilis and B. licheniformis; Pseudomonas such as P. aeruginosa; and Streptomyces. In some embodiments, the host cell is a mammalian cell. Examples of mammalian host cells may include, for example, human embryonic kidney cells (e.g., 293 or 293 cells subcloned for growth in suspension culture) , Expi293TM cells, CHO cells, baby hamster kidney cells (e.g., BHK, ATCC CCL 10) , mouse Sertoli cells (e.g., TM4 cells) , monkey kidney cells (e.g., CV1 ATCC CCL 70) , African green monkey kidney cells (e.g., VERO-76, ATCC CRL-1587) , human cervical carcinoma cells (e.g., HELA, ATCC CCL 2) , canine kidney cells (e.g., MDCK, ATCC CCL 34) , buffalo rat liver cells (e.g., BRL 3A, ATCC CRL 1442) , human lung cells (e.g., W138, ATCC CCL 75) , human liver cells (e.g., Hep G2, HB 8065) , mouse mammary tumor cells (e.g., MMT 060562, ATCC CCL51) , TRI cells, MRC 5 cells, FS4 cells, a human hepatoma line (e.g., Hep G2) , and myeloma cells (e.g., NS0 and Sp2 / 0 cells) .
[0183] The host cell of the invention is prepared by introducing the vector disclosed herein or the nucleic acid disclosed herein in vitro or ex vivo. The host cell of the invention may be administered into the body of a subject, and the host cell expresses the antibody disclosed herein in vivo.
[0184] The invention provides host cells into which any of the vectors mentioned above have been introduced. The invention further provides a method of preparing the antibody of the invention, wherein the method comprises a) culturing the host cell disclosed herewith under a condition suitable for the production of the antibody; and b) obtaining the antibody from the culture.
[0185] Antibody-Drug Conjugates
[0186] The present disclosure provides an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) , comprising the bispecific antibody disclosed herein, and a drug moiety conjugated thereto via a linker.
[0187] In one embodiment of the disclosure, the ADC has the structure of formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0188] T- (L-D) k (I)
[0189] wherein,
[0190] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0191] L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R group (s) ;
[0192] each R is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0193] A is selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;
[0194] LA is selected from C1-50 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C2-20 alkynylene, wherein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 non-adjacent carbon atoms in C1-50 alkylene can be optionally replaced with one or more of O, C (O) or -C (O) NH-;
[0195] P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acid residues, each of which is independently substituted with a GU unit;
[0196] the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0197] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0198] B is and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P; each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0199] q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
[0200] D is a drug moiety;
[0201] k is an integer from 1 to 20
[0202] In the antibody drug conjugate of formula (I) , the drug moiety D can be linked to the antibody through a linker L. L is any chemical moiety that is capable of linking the antibody Ab to the drug moiety D. The linker, L attaches the antibody Ab to the drug D through covalent bond (s) . The linker reagent is a bifunctional or multifunctional moiety which can be used to link a drug moiety D and an antibody Ab to form antibody drug conjugates. Antibody drug conjugates can be prepared using a linker having a reactive functionality for binding to the drug moiety D and to the antibody Ab. A cysteine, thiol or an amine, e.g., N-terminus or amino acid side chain such as lysine of the antibody can form a bond with a functional group of a linker reagent.
[0203] Variables
[0204] L
[0205] In some embodiments, L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is not substituted; in other embodiments, L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R group (s) .
[0206] In some embodiments, each R is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy.
[0207] A
[0208] In one embodiment, A is in another embodiment, A is in another embodiment, A is in another embodiment, A is
[0209] In one specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is in another specific embodiment, A is
[0210] In these embodiments, the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T.
[0211] LA
[0212] In one embodiment, LA is C1-50 alkylene, wherein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 non-adjacent carbon atoms in C1-50 alkylene can be optionally replaced with one or more of O, C (O) or -C (O) NH-; in another embodiment, LA is C1-10 alkylene; in another embodiment, LA is C1-6 alkylene; in another embodiment, LA is C2-20 alkenylene; in another embodiment, LA is C2-10 alkenylene; in another embodiment, LA is C2-6 alkenylene; in another embodiment, LA is C2-20 alkynylene; in another embodiment, LA is C2-6 alkynylene; in another embodiment, LA is - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene; in another embodiment, LA is -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene; in another embodiment, LA is -C1-6 alkylene-NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene; in another embodiment, LA is -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene.
[0213] In one embodiment, LA is C1-6 alkylene; in another embodiment, LA is in another embodiment, LA is
[0214] In one specific embodiment, LA is -CH2CH2-; in another specific embodiment, LA is -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-; in another specific embodiment, LA is in another specific embodiment, LA is in another specific embodiment, LA is in another specific embodiment, LA is in another specific embodiment, LA is in another specific embodiment, LA is
[0215] P
[0216] In one embodiment, P is bond; in another embodiment, P is -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-; in another embodiment, P is- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene; in another embodiment, P is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acid residues, each of which is independently substituted with a GU unit.
[0217] In one embodiment, each of 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues is independently selected from β-Ala, Val, Ala, Glu, Gln, Cit, Phe, Lys, Asn, or Gly and independently substituted with a GU unit.
[0218] In one embodiment, each of 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues is independently selected from β-Ala, or Gly.
[0219] In one embodiment, each of 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues is independently selected from β-Ala, Val or Ala.
[0220] In one embodiment, each of 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues is independently selected from β-Ala, Val or Ala.
[0221] In one embodiment, each of 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues is independently selected from β-Ala, β-Ala (GU) , Val, Ala, Gln, Gln (GU) , or Gly, and at least one of amino acid residues is β-Ala (GU) or Gln (GU) .
[0222] In these embodiments, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such as, in these embodiments, β-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such as
[0223] In one specific embodiment, P is in another embodiment, P is in another embodiment, P is in another embodiment, P is in another embodiment, P is (β-Ala-β-Ala) ; in another embodiment, P is (β-Ala-Val-Ala) ; in another embodiment, P is (Val-Ala) ; in another embodiment, P is (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) ; in another embodiment, P is (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) ; in another embodiment, P is (β-Ala) ; in another embodiment, P is (Gly) ; in another embodiment, P is (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) .
[0224] In these embodiments, the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to A.
[0225] GU unit
[0226] In one embodiment, the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety.
[0227] In one embodiment, the GU unit is derived from cyclic and linear monosaccharide.
[0228] In one embodiment, the GU unit is selected from wherein, RG1 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-C0-6 alkylene-;
[0229] RG2 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-C0-6 alkylene-.
[0230] In one specific embodiment, the GU unit is in another specific embodiment, the GU unit is in another specific embodiment, the GU unit is in another specific embodiment, the GU unit is in another specific embodiment, the GU unit is in another specific embodiment, the GU unit is
[0231] x and y
[0232] In one embodiment, x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0233] In one embodiment, y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
[0234] D
[0235] In some embodiments, D is a drug moiety.
[0236] In some embodiments, D is a drug moiety selected from camptothecin, auristatins and analogues thereof.
[0237] In one specific embodiment, D is camptothecin; in another specific embodiment, D is 9-amino camptothecin; in another specific embodiment, D is SN38; in another specific embodiment, D is Dxd; in another specific embodiment, D is exatecan; in another specific embodiment, D is irinotecan; in another specific embodiment, D is rubitecan; in another specific embodiment, D is MMAE; in another specific embodiment, D is MMAF; in another specific embodiment, D is MMAD.
[0238] In some embodiments, D is selected from the compound of formula (D-I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0239] wherein,
[0240] the variables RD1 and RD2 RD3 and RD4 are as defined in the disclosure.
[0241] D is selected from the compound of formula (D-II) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0242] wherein,
[0243] the variables RD1, RD2, RD3 and RD4 are as defined in the disclosure.
[0244] In some embodiments, D is selected from the compound of formula (D-III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0245] wherein,
[0246] the variables RD1, RD2, RD3 and RD4 are as defined in the disclosure.
[0247] In some embodiments, D is
[0248] RD1 and RD2
[0249] In one embodiment, RD1 is H; in another embodiment, RD1 is halogen; in another embodiment, RD1 is OH; in another embodiment, RD1 is NH2; in another embodiment, RD1 is CN; in another embodiment, RD1 is C1-6 alkyl; in another embodiment, RD1 is C1-6 alkoxy; in another embodiment, RD1 is C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0250] In one embodiment, RD2 is H; in another embodiment, RD2 is halogen; in another embodiment, RD2 is OH; in another embodiment, RD2 is NH2; in another embodiment, RD2 is CN; in another embodiment, RD2 is C1-6 alkyl; in another embodiment, RD2 is C1-6 alkoxy; in another embodiment, RD2 is C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0251] In one embodiment, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, such as C5-6 cycloalkylene; in another embodiment, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form 5-to 10-membered heterocyclylene; in another embodiment, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C6-10 arylene; in another embodiment, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form 5-10 membered heteroarylene; in other embodiments, the above C5-10 cycloalkylene, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene are 5-10 membered heteroarylene are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl.
[0252] RD3 and RD4
[0253] In one embodiment, RD3 is H; in another embodiment, RD3 is halogen; in another embodiment, RD3 is OH; in another embodiment, RD3 is NH2; in another embodiment, RD3 is CN; in another embodiment, RD3 is C1-6 alkyl; in another embodiment, RD3 is C1-6 alkoxy; in another embodiment, RD3 is C1-6 haloalkyl; in another embodiment, RD3 is C1-4 haloalkyl, such as CH3.
[0254] In one embodiment, RD4 is H; in another embodiment, RD4 is halogen, such as F; in another embodiment, RD4 is OH; in another embodiment, RD4 is NH2; in another embodiment, RD4 is CN; in another embodiment, RD4 is C1-6 alkyl; in another embodiment, RD4 is C1-6 alkoxy; in another embodiment, RD4 is C1-6 haloalkyl.
[0255] In one embodiment, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10 cycloalkylene; in another embodiment, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form 3-to 10-membered heterocyclylene; in another embodiment, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C6-10 arylene; in another embodiment, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form5-10 membered heteroarylene; in other embodiments, the above C3-10 cycloalkylene, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene and 5-10 membered heteroarylene are optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl.
[0256] k
[0257] In one embodiment, k is an integer from 1 to 20; in another embodiment, k is an integer from 1 to 10; in another embodiment, k is an integer from 2 to 8; in another embodiment, k is an integer from 2 to 6.
[0258] In one specific embodiment, k is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
[0259] Any technical solution in any one of the above specific embodiments, or any combination thereof, may be combined with any technical solution in other specific embodiments or any combination thereof. For example, any technical solution of L or any combination thereof may be combined with any technical solution of A, P, B, D, k or any combination thereof. The present disclosure is intended to include all combinations of such technical solutions, which are not exhaustively listed here to save space.
[0260] Linker
[0261] The terms “linker” and “drug linker” are as used interchangeably herein, refer to a chemical or biological moiety that connects the antibody and the cytotoxic payload.
[0262] The one or more drug moieties (e.g., therapeutic agents and / or diagnostic agents) may be indirectly conjugated to the antibodies (e.g. by way of a linker with direct covalent or non-covalent interactions) . Linkers can be chemical linking agents, such as homobifunctional and heterobifunctional cross-linkers, which are available from many commercial sources.
[0263] In some embodiments, the linker moiety L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R group (s) ;
[0264] each R is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0265] A is selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;
[0266] LA is selected from C1-50 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C2-20 alkynylene, wherein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 non-adjacent carbon atoms in C1-50 alkylene can be optionally replaced with one or more of O, C (O) or -C (O) NH-;
[0267] P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acid residues, each of which is independently substituted with a GU unit;
[0268] the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0269] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0270] B is and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;
[0271] each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0272] q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
[0273] In some embodiments, A is selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;
[0274] LA is selected from C1-50 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C2-20 alkynylene, wherein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 non-adjacent carbon atoms in C1-50 alkylene can be optionally replaced with one or more of O, C (O) or -C (O) NH-;
[0275] In some embodiments, A is selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;
[0276] LA is selected from C1-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, C2-10 alkynylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;
[0277] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
[0278] In some embodiments, A is selected from: preferably selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T.
[0279] In some embodiments, P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acid residues, each of which is independently substituted with a GU unit;
[0280] the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0281] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0282] P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, alternatively, each amino acid residue is independently selected from β-Ala, Val, Ala, Glu, Gln, Cit, Phe, Lys, Asn, or Gly and independently substituted with a GU unit, and the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0283] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.
[0284] In some embodiments, P is selected from: (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , (Val-Ala) , (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , (β-Ala) , (Gly) , or (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to A.
[0285] In some embodiments, B is and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;
[0286] each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0287] q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0288] In some embodiments, B is (such as ) , and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;
[0289] each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0290] q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0291] In some embodiments, B is selected from: and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P.
[0292] Drug
[0293] The terms “drug moiety, ” “drug payload, ” “therapeutic molecule, ” “therapeutic payload, ” “therapeutic agents, ” and “therapeutic moieties, ” as used interchangeably herein, refers to a chemical or biological moiety that is conjugated to the antibody disclosed herein, or an antigen binding fragment thereof.
[0294] Examples of drugs that may be used in ADCs, i.e., drugs that may be conjugated to the antibodies, are provided below, and include antibiotics, DNA synthesis inhibitors, RNA polymerase II inhibitors, and RNA spliceosome inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors (such as tubulin inhibitors and microtubule polymerization inhibitors) , antitumor antibiotics, immunomodulating agents, gene therapy vectors, alkylating agents, antiangiogenic agents, antimetabolites, boron-containing agents, chemoprotective agents, hormone agents, glucocorticoids, photoactive therapeutic agents, oligonucleotides, radioactive isotopes, radiosensitizers, topoisomerase inhibitors (such as topoisomerase I inhibitors) , tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and combinations thereof.
[0295] In some embodiments, tubulin inhibitors and microtubule polymerization inhibitors, antibiotics, DNA synthesis inhibitors, topoisomerase I inhibitors, RNA polymerase II inhibitors, and RNA spliceosome inhibitors is preferred. In some embodiments, the drug moiety is tubulin inhibitors and microtubule polymerization inhibitors. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is auristatins. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is maytansines. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is tubulysins. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is cryptophycins. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is rhizoxin.
[0296] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is antibiotics. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is calicheamicins. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is doxorubicin. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is anthracyclines.
[0297] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is DNA synthesis inhibitors. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is duocarmycins. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is PBDs (pyrrolobenzodiazepines) . In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is IGNs (indolinobenzodiazepines) .
[0298] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is topoisomerase I inhibitors. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is camptothecin analogs.
[0299] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is RNA polymerase II inhibitors. In some specific embodiments, the drug moiety is amanitins.
[0300] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is RNA spliceosome inhibitors selected from a group consisting of spliceostatins and thailanstatins.
[0301] In some embodiments, maytansinoids (DM1, DM2, DM3, DM4, maytansine, and ansamitocins) and their analogs is preferred.
[0302] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is selected from camptothecin, auristatins and analogues thereof.
[0303] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is selected from: camptothecin, 9-amino camptothecin, SN38, Dxd, exatecan, irinotecan, rubitecan, MMAE, MMAF, or MMAD.
[0304] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is selected from the compound of formula (D-I) , (D-II) or (D-III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0305] wherein,
[0306] RD1 and RD2 are independently selected from H, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkyl; or, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene or 5-10 membered heteroarylene, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl;
[0307] RD3 and RD4 are independently selected from H, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkyl; or, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10 cycloalkylene, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene or 5-10 membered heteroarylene, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl.
[0308] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is selected from the compound of formula (D-I) , (D-II) or (D-III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0309] RD1 and RD2 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0310] or, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene or C6-10 arylene;
[0311] RD3 and RD4 are independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 alkoxy;
[0312] or, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form 5-6 membered heterocyclylene or 5-6 membered heteroarylene.
[0313] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is selected from the compound of formula (D-I) , (D-II) or (D-III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0314] RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, alternatively form C5-6 cycloalkylene;
[0315] RD3 is selected from H, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl, such as CH3;
[0316] RD4 is selected from H, halogen or C1-4 alkyl, such as F;
[0317] In some embodiments, the drug moiety is
[0318] Embodiments
[0319] In one embodiment of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0320] T- (L-D) k (I)
[0321] wherein, the variables are as defined in the disclosure.
[0322] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein,
[0323] L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R group (s) ;
[0324] each R is independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0325] A is selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;
[0326] LA is selected from C1-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, C2-10 alkynylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;
[0327] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0328] P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, alternatively, each amino acid residue is independently selected from β-Ala, Val, Ala, Glu, Gln, Cit, Phe, Lys, Asn, or Gly and independently substituted with a GU unit, and the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0329] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0330] B is (such as ) , and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;
[0331] each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
[0332] q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.
[0333] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein,
[0334] A is selected from: preferably selected from and the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T; P is selected from: Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , (Val-Ala) , (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , (β-Ala) , (Gly) , or (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to A;
[0335] wherein, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such as β-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such as
[0336] the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;
[0337] B is selected from: and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P.
[0338] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the GU unit is derived from cyclic and linear monosaccharide;
[0339] alternatively, the GU unit is selected from
[0340] wherein, RG1 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-C0-6 alkylene-;
[0341] RG2 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-C0-6 alkylene-; still alternatively, the GU unit is selected from
[0342] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (I-1) , (II) , (III) (IV) or (V) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0343] wherein,
[0344] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0345] LA is selected from C1-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, preferably selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;
[0346] P is bond, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, Val, Ala, Glu, Gln, Cit, Phe, Lys, Asn, or Gly and independently substituted with a GU unit;
[0347] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0348] the GU unit is selected from
[0349] wherein, RG1 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-;
[0350] RG2 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-;
[0351] each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, NH2, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0352] q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
[0353] D is a drug moiety;
[0354] k is an integer from 1 to 10;
[0355] alternatively,
[0356] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0357] LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, preferably is C1-6 alkylene or such as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
[0358] x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
[0359] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0360] P is selected from: (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , (Val-Ala) , (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , (β-Ala) , (Gly) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to A;
[0361] wherein, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such as, β-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such as
[0362] the GU unit is as defined in the disclosure, such as
[0363] R is selected from H, halogen, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl;
[0364] m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
[0365] D is a drug moiety;
[0366] k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0367] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (II-1) , (II-2) , (III-1) , (III-2) , (IV) , (IV-1) , (IV-2) , (V) , (V-1) or (V-2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0368] wherein, T, LA, P and k are as defined in the disclosure.
[0369] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein D is a drug moiety selected from camptothecin, auristatins and analogues thereof;
[0370] alternatively, D is selected from camptothecin, 9-amino camptothecin, SN38, Dxd, exatecan, irinotecan, rubitecan, MMAE, MMAF, or MMAD.
[0371] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein D is selected from the compound of formula (D-I) , (D-II) or (D-III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0372] wherein,
[0373] RD1 and RD2 are independently selected from H, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkyl; or, Rd1 and Rd2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene or 5-10 membered heteroarylene, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl;
[0374] RD3 and RD4 are independently selected from H, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkyl; or, Rd3 and Rd4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10 cycloalkylene, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene or 5-10 membered heteroarylene, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl;
[0375] alternatively,
[0376] RD1 and RD2 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;
[0377] or, RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene or C6-10 arylene;
[0378] RD3 and RD4 are independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 alkoxy;
[0379] or, RD3 and RD4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form 5-6 membered heterocyclylene or 5-6 membered heteroarylene;
[0380] alternatively,
[0381] RD1 and RD2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, alternatively form C5-6 cycloalkylene;
[0382] RD3 is selected from H, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl, such as CH3;
[0383] RD4 is selected from H, halogen or C1-4 alkyl, such as F;
[0384] yet alternatively,
[0385] D is
[0386] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (II) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0387] wherein,
[0388] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0389] LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, or - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;
[0390] P is bond, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, or Gly;
[0391] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0392] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0393] k is an integer from 1 to 10;
[0394] alternatively,
[0395] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0396] LA is C1-6 alkylene, or such as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
[0397] x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;
[0398] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0399] P is bond, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, such as (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala) , or (Gly) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to -C (O) -;
[0400] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0401] k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0402] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0403] wherein,
[0404] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0405] LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, or - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;
[0406] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0407] P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, Val or Ala;
[0408] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0409] k is an integer from 1 to 10;
[0410] alternatively,
[0411] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0412] LA is C1-6 alkylene or such as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-,
[0413] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0414] P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, Val or Ala, such as, (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , or (Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to -C (O) -;
[0415] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0416] k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0417] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:
[0418] wherein,
[0419] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0420] LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene or - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;
[0421] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;
[0422] P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, β-Ala (GU) , Val, Ala, Gln, Gln (GU) , or Gly, and at least one of amino acid residues is β-Ala (GU) or Gln (GU) ;
[0423] wherein, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such as β-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such as
[0424] the GU unit is as defined in the disclosure, such as
[0425] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0426] k is an integer from 1 to 10;
[0427] alternatively,
[0428] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0429] LA is C1-6 alkylene or alternatively is C1-6 alkylene, such as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-;
[0430] y is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
[0431] P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, β-Ala (GU) , Val, Ala, Gln, Gln (GU) , or Gly, and at least one of amino acid residues is β-Ala (GU) or Gln (GU) , such as (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , or (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to -C (O) -;
[0432] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0433] k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
[0434] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein -L-D is selected from:
[0435] wherein, the indicates the attachment site to the targeting moiety as defined in the disclosure;
[0436] D is as defined in the disclosure;
[0437] x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, alternatively is 2, 3, 4 or 5;
[0438] y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, alternatively is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 8;
[0439] alternatively,
[0440] wherein, the indicates the attachment site to the targeting moiety as defined in the disclosure.
[0441] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the present disclosure provides the conjugate of the formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof, wherein the conjugate is selected from:
[0442] T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody disclosed herein;
[0443] k is an integer from 2 to 10, alternatively 2 to 5, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5.
[0444] Compositions
[0445] The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the bispecifc antibody disclosed herein or the ADC disclosed herein, and optionally at least a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0446] The bispecific antibodies or agents of the invention (also referred to herein as “active compounds” ) , and derivatives, fragments, analogs and homologs thereof, can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration. Such compositions typically comprise the antibody or agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0447] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes any and all solvents, buffers, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. Preferably, the carrier is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g. by injection or infusion) . For example, in some embodiments, a composition for intravenous administration typically is a solution in sterile isotonic aqueous buffer.
[0448] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a second therapeutic agent, optionally the second therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, a chemotherapeutic agent, an siRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, a polypeptide, and a small molecule drug.
[0449] Medical Uses
[0450] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of the bispecific antibody disclosed herein, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, the ADC disclosed herein, the nucleic acid disclosed herein, the vector disclosed herein, or the host cell disclosed herein.
[0451] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a use of the bispecific antibody disclosed herein, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, the ADC disclosed herein, the nucleic acid disclosed herein, the vector disclosed herein, or the host cell disclosed herein for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in a subject in need thereof.
[0452] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides the bispecific antibody disclosed herein, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, the ADC disclosed herein, the nucleic acid disclosed herein, the vector disclosed herein, or the host cell disclosed herein for use in treating a disease in a subject in need thereof.
[0453] In some embodiments, the disease is a cancer, preferably a solid tumor. In some embodiments, the cancer is an EGFR-and / or HER3-expressing cancer.
[0454] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of oropharyngeal cancer (especially oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) , lung cancer (especially lung adenocarcinoma) , skin cancer, colon cancer or colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, cervical cancer; ovarian cancer, melanotic cancer, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and biliary tract cancer.
[0455] In some embodiments, the cancer comprises, but not limited to, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) , Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) , Adrenocortical, Carcinoma, AIDS-Related Cancers, Anal Cancer, Appendix Cancer, Astrocytomas, Atypical Teratoid / Rhabdoid Tumor, Central Nervous System, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Bile Duct Cancer, Bladder Cancer, Bone Cancer, Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma, Brain Stem Glioma, Brain Tumors, Breast Cancer, Bronchial Tumors, Burkitt Lymphoma, Carcinoid Tumors, Central Nervous System Cancers, Cervical Cancer, Chordoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) , Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) , Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders, Colon Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Craniopharyngioma, Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, Embryonal Tumors, Central Nervous System, Endometrial Cancer, Ependymoblastoma, Ependymoma, Esophageal Cancer, Esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Eye Cancer Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone, Malignant, and Osteosarcoma, Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric (Stomach) Cancer, Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) -see Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Germ Cell Tumor, Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor, Glioma, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Head and Neck Cancer, Heart Cancer, Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Histiocytosis, Hodgkin Lymphoma, Hypopharyngeal Cancer, Intraocular Melanoma, Islet Cell Tumors (Endocrine Pancreas) , Kaposi Sarcoma, Kidney cancer, Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Laryngeal Cancer, Leukemia, Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer, Liver Cancer (Primary) , Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) , Lung Cancer, Lymphoma, Macroglobulinemia, Male Breast Cancer, Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone and Osteosarcoma, Medulloblastoma, Medulloepithelioma, Melanoma, Merkel Cell Carcinoma, Mesothelioma, Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary Midline Tract Carcinoma Involving NUT Gene, Mouth Cancer, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes, Multiple Myeloma / Plasma Cell Neoplasm, Mycosis Fungoides, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Myelodysplastic / Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic (CML) , Myeloid Leukemia, Acute (AML) , Myeloma, Multiple, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Neuroblastoma, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Oral Cancer, Oral Cavity Cancer, Oropharyngeal Cancer, Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone, Ovarian Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Papillomatosis, Paraganglioma, Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer, Parathyroid Cancer, Penile Cancer, Pharyngeal Cancer, Pheochromocytoma, Pineal Parenchymal Tumors of Intermediate Differentiation, Pineoblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Pituitary Tumor, Plasma Cell Neoplasm / Multiple Myeloma, Pleuropulmonary Blastoma, Pregnancy and Breast Cancer, Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphoma, Prostate Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Renal Cell (Kidney) Cancer, Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Transitional Cell Cancer, Retinoblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Salivary Gland Cancer, Sarcoma, Sézary Syndrome, Small Cell Lung Cancer, Small Intestine Cancer, Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Neck Cancer, Stomach (Gastric) Cancer, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, T-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous, Testicular Cancer, Throat Cancer, Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma, Thyroid Cancer, Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter, Trophoblastic Tumor, Ureter and Renal Pelvis Cancer, Urethral Cancer, Uterine Cancer, Uterine Sarcoma, Vaginal Cancer, Vulvar Cancer, Macroglobulinemia, and Wilms Tumor. Bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure, or the conjugates thereof, are administered in an effective regime meaning a dosage, route of administration and frequency of administration that delays the onset, reduces the severity, inhibits further deterioration, and / or ameliorates at least one sign or symptom of cancer. If a patient is already suffering from cancer, the regime can be referred to as a therapeutically effective regime. If the patient is at elevated risk of the caner relative to the general population but is not yet experiencing symptoms, the regime can be referred to as a prophylactically effective regime. In some instances, therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy can be observed in an individual patient relative to historical controls or past experience in the same patient. In other instances, therapeutic or prophylactic efficacy can be demonstrated in a preclinical or clinical trial in a population of treated patients relative to a control population of untreated patients.
[0456] Exemplary dosages for a bispecific antibody are 0.1 mg / kg to 50 mg / kg of the patient's body weight, more typically 1 mg / kg to 30 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg to 20 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg to 15 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg to 12 mg / kg, or 1 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg 1, or 2 mg / kg to 30 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg to 20 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg to 15 mg / kg, 2 mg / kg to 12 mg / kg, or 2 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg, or 3 mg / kg to 30 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg to 20 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg to 15 mg / kg, 3 mg / kg to 12 mg / kg, or 3 mg / kg to 10 mg / kg. Exemplary dosages for a bispecific antibody or antibody drug conjugates thereof are 1 mg / kg to 7.5 mg / kg, or 2 mg / kg to 7.5 mg / kg or 3 mg / kg to 7.5 mg / kg of the subject's body weight, or 0.1-20, or 0.5-5 mg / kg body weight (e.g., 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 mg / kg) or 10-1500 or 200-1500 mg as a fixed dosage. In some methods, the patient is administered a dose of at least 1.5 mg / kg, at least 2 mg / kg or at least 3 mg / kg, administered once every three weeks or greater. The dosage depends on the frequency of administration, condition of the patient and response to prior treatment, if any, whether the treatment is prophylactic or therapeutic and whether the disorder is acute or chronic, among other factors.
[0457] Administration can be parenteral, intravenous, oral, subcutaneous, intra-arterial, intracranial, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, topical, intranasal or intramuscular. Administration can also be localized directly into a tumor. Administration into the systemic circulation by intravenous or subcutaneous administration is preferred. Intravenous administration can be, for example, by infusion over a period such as 30-90 min or by a single bolus injection.
[0458] The frequency of administration depends on the half-life of the bispecific antibody or conjugate in the circulation, the condition of the patient and the route of administration among other factors. The frequency can be daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or at irregular intervals in response to changes in the patient's condition or progression of the cancer being treated. An exemplary frequency for intravenous administration is between twice a week and quarterly over a continuous course of treatment, although more or less frequent dosing is also possible. Other exemplary frequencies for intravenous administration are between weekly or three out of every four weeks over a continuous course of treatment, although more or less frequent dosing is also possible. For subcutaneous administration, an exemplary dosing frequency is daily to monthly, although more or less frequent dosing is also possible.
[0459] The number of dosages administered depends on the nature of the cancer (e.g., whether presenting acute or chronic symptoms) and the response of the disorder to the treatment. For acute disorders or acute exacerbations of a chronic disorder between 1 and 10 doses are often sufficient. Sometimes a single bolus dose, optionally in divided form, is sufficient for an acute disorder or acute exacerbation of a chronic disorder. Treatment can be repeated for recurrence of an acute disorder or acute exacerbation. For chronic disorders, an antibody can be administered at regular intervals, e.g., weekly, fortnightly, monthly, quarterly, every six months for at least 1, 5 or 10 years, or the life of the patient.
[0460] Examples
[0461] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention. Experimental procedures without specified conditions in the following examples are performed in accordance with conventional procedures and conditions, or in accordance with instructions.
[0462] General methods
[0463] 1H NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AVll 400. The data were processed with MestReNova software, measuring proton shifts in parts per million (ppm) downfield from an internal standard tetramethyl silane.
[0464] HPLC measurement was run on UltiMate 3000 HPLC System using the following conditions: Mobile Phase: A: Water (0.05%TFA) B: acetonitrile; Gradient Phase: 10%of B increasing to 90%of B in 8 min; Flow Rate: 1.5 mL / min; Column: SHIMADZU Shim-pack Scepter C18-120, 4.6*50 mm, 3 μm A-RP-1844; Column Temperature: 30 ℃. Detectors: ADC ELSD, DAD (214 nm and 254 nm) , ES-API.
[0465] The analytical low-resolution mass spectra (MS) were recorded on Agilent 1290 with SQ Detectors using the following conditions: Mobile Phase: A: Water (0, 01%TFA) B: acetonitrile (0.01%TFA) ; Gradient Phase: 5%of B increasing to 95%of B in 1.3 min; Flow Rate: 1.8 mL / min; Column: Shim-pack Scepter C18-120, 4.5*50 mm, 3 μm A-RP-1843; Column Temperature: 45 ℃. Detectors: ADC ELSD, DAD (214 nm and 254 nm) , ES-API. Preparative high pressure liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC) was run on Gilson 281 using the following conditions:
[0466] Method A: Column: Bonnasil-BS C18, 20*250 mm, 8 μm. Solvent A was water / 0.01%trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and solvent B was acetonitrile. The elution condition was a linear gradient increase of solvent B from 5%to 100%over a period of 20 minutes at a flow rate of 20 mL / min.
[0467] Method B: Column: Bonnasil-BS C18, 20*250 mm, 8 μm. Solvent A was water / 0.05%formic acid (FA) and solvent B was acetonitrile. The elution condition was a linear gradient increase of solvent B from 5%to 100%over a time of 20 minutes at a flow rate of 20 mL / min.
[0468] Example 1: Construction, expression and purification of anti-HER3 / EGFR bispecific antibody J17 1-1 Sequence and structure of J17
[0469] This application constructs a bispecific antibody J17 that can recognize HER3 and EGFR derived from anti-HER3 antibody Patritumab and anti-EGFR antibody Panitumumab. The structure of the constructed J17 is shown in FIG. 1. The constant region sequence of human hIgG1 in the prior art is used to construct the bispecific antibody of the present application. The amino acid sequences of J17 is shown in Table 19, amino acid sequences of the full-length polypeptide chains of J17 is set forth as SEQ ID Nos: 1-4.
[0470] 1-2 Expression and production of J17
[0471] A polynucleotide of the bispecific antibody J17 was synthesized and inserted into the expression vector pCDNA3.4, and then expressed as human IgG1 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and subsequently purified with protein A magnetic beads, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The concentration of the purified bispecific antibody was determined by measuring absorbance at 280 nm.
[0472] 1-3 Construction of the control antibodies
[0473] SI-B001, Patritumab, Duligotuzumab, J22, K02 and K04 were used as the control antibodies in the Examples. The control antibodies were constructed as follows, expressed and purified according to the above method.
[0474] SI-B001 (Izalontamab, a known commercial antibody in the art, MedChemExpress Cat#HY-P99676, Lot#903194) is a bispecific monoclonal antibody with high selectivity for the EGFR / HER3 heterodimer, targets both EGFR and HER3 receptors. It holds potential for use in cancer research.
[0475] Duligotuzumab (a known commercial antibody in the art, heavy chain SEQ ID NO: 37, light chain SEQ ID NO: 38) is a dual-action antibody directed against EGFR and HER3.
[0476] Patritumab (a known commercial antibody in the art) is an anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody with potential antitumor activity and inhibits phosphorylation of EGFR, HER2, HER3, ERK, and AKT.
[0477] J22 is an anti-EGFR hIgG1 monoclonal antibody, the variable region of J22 is derived from Panitumumab, which is a fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody targeting the EGFR. The heavy chain and light chain sequences of J22 is set forth as SEQ ID NO: 5 and 6, respectively.
[0478] K02, which composes monovalent EGFR binding domain derived from Panitumumab and an isotype domain, the heavy chain 1, heavy chain 2, light chain 1 and light chain 2 sequences of K02 are set forth as SEQ ID NO: 7, 8, 9 and 10, respectively.
[0479] K04, which composes monovalent HER3 binding domain derived from Patritumab and an isotype domain, the heavy chain 1, heavy chain 2, light chain 1 and light chain 2 sequences of K04 are set forth as SEQ ID NO: 11, 12, 13 and 14, respectively.
[0480] Example 2: Detection of J17 binding kinetics to HER3 or EGFR proteins by Octet
[0481] J17 as well as Isotype human IgG1 were tested by BLI on the ForteBio Octet RED96e system with proA Biosensor (Sartorius #18-5010) . The assay was performed at 30℃ with 1000 rpm mixing. All samples were diluted in 1x Kinetics Buffer prepared with 10x Kinetics Buffer (Sartorius #18-1105) and PBS. Sensors were loaded with 3 μg / mL EGFR protein (SinoBiological#10001-H08H) or HER3 / ERBB3 protein (SinoBiological#10201-H08H) for 240 seconds followed by a baseline with 1x Kinetics Buffer for 180 seconds. Association of J17 and isotype Ab were performed at 80 nM, 20 nM, 5 nM and 0 nM for 300 seconds followed by a dissociation with 1 x Kinetics Buffer for 300 seconds. The data was analyzed with ForteBio Data Analysis software HT12.0.
[0482] The Octet binding results are shown in Table 1. The results demonstrated that J17 has nanomolar affinities to EGFR and HER3.
[0483] Table 1 Summary of J17 binding affinity on EGFR or HER3
[0484] Example 3: Detection of two-target engagement of J17 to EGFR and HER3 proteins by Octet The concurrent binding to EGFR and HER3 was also determined by BLI. J17, J22, K02 and Patritumab were tested with ForteBio Octet RED96e with SA Biosensors (Sartorius #18-5019) . J17, J22, K02 and Patritumab were used as the control in this Example.
[0485] The assay was performed at 30℃ with 1000 rpm mixing. All samples were diluted in 1x Kinetics Buffer prepared with 10 x Kinetics Buffer (Sartorius #18-1105) and PBS. Sensors were loaded with 5 μg / mL Recombinant Human EGFR Protein (ECD, His &AVI Tag) (SinoBiological #10001-H27H-B) for 120 seconds followed by a baseline with 1 x Kinetics Buffer for 120 seconds. Association of J17, J22, K02, and Patritumab were performed at 200 nM for 240 seconds followed by a dissociation with 1 x Kinetics Buffer for 30 seconds. Subsequently, association of recombinant human HER3 / ERBB3 protein (ECD, His Tag) (SinoBiological #10201-H08H) was performed at 5 μg / mL for 240 seconds followed by a dissociation with 1 x Kinetics Buffer for 30 seconds. The data was analyzed with ForteBio Data Analysis software HT12.0.
[0486] The Octet binding results are shown in FIG. 2. The results demonstrated the concurrent binding to EGFR and HER3 of J17.
[0487] Example 4: Binding activities of J17 to EGFR or HER3 single-positive, double-positive and double-negative cells by FACS
[0488] The bispecific antibody J17, Duligotuzumab, SI-B001, J22, K02, K04 and Patritumab were tested for binding to the tumor cell lines, BxPC-3 (pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ATCC CRL-1687) , A431 (epidermoid carcinoma, ATCC CRL-1555) , SW620 (colorectal adenocarcinoma, ATCC CCL-227) and NCI-H524 (lung Carcinoma, ATCC CRL-5831) by FACS.
[0489] The level of antigen expression of the tumor cells was determined with FACS and shown in FIG. 3. “+++” represents a high-level expression, “+” represents a low-level expression, and “-” represents a negative expression.
[0490] The binding activities of the antibody were detected by FACS. Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum and were harvested for analysis in exponential growth phase. Cell density was measured by CounterStar and adjusted to 1x106 cells / mL with culture medium. 1x105 cells per well were seeded into 96-well U-Bottom plates. Cells were washed twice with stain buffer (BD #554656) and pelleted at 500×g, 4℃ for 3 minutes. Cells were resuspended and incubated with 100 μL / well of cold diluted antibody in stain buffer as first antibody solution at 4℃ away from light for 30 minutes. The concentrations of tested antibodies started from 100 nM with 8 serial dilutions at a 4-fold dilution factor. After two washes, cells were resuspended and incubated with 100 μL / well of cold Alexa 647 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG (H+L) (1: 750) (Jackson #109-605-088) as second antibody and incubated at 4℃ away from light for 30 minutes. After two washes with stain buffer, the cells were resuspended with 100 μL / well of stain buffer and analyzed by a Beckman CytoFlex flow cytometer. A nonlinear regression analysis with four adjustable parameters was conducted using GraphPad Prism 9.2 software.
[0491] The related results are shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 3 a-b show results on EGFR / HER3 double positive cell BxPC-3 and A431; FIG. 3 c show results on HER3 single-positive cell SW620; and FIG. 3 d show results on EGFR / HER3 double-negative cell H524. The results showed that J17 has single-digit nM binding affinities to EGFR-positive and / or HER3-positive tumor cells but did not bind to negative cells.
[0492] Example 5: Internalization Effect of J17 on EGFR and HER3
[0493] To evaluate the internalization rate of EGFR and HER3 on cell surface, J17, SI-B001, J22, Patritumab, as well as isotype human IgG1 were tested using BxPC3, A549 and SW620 cells.
[0494] BxPC3, A549 and SW620 cells were tested with 160 nM antibody and 480 nM Fab-pHAB solutions at 1 h, 4 h and 24 h using indirect method of internalization (FACS surface binding) . Cells were washed twice with 200 μL / well cold culture medium, resuspended with 100 μL / well culture medium and culture for designated timepoints at 37℃. The following FACS procedure was similar to Example 4. The internalization ratios of 1 h, 4 h and 24 h were calculated as 100%- (MFI of designated timepoint / MFI of 0 min) %.
[0495] The related results are shown in FIG. 4. All the tested antibodies triggered internalization on BxPC3, A549 and SW620 cells. Among them, J17 triggered much higher rates of internalization than J22, Patritumab, SI-B001 and isotype human IgG1. The internalization clears or degrades the cell surface antigen available targets on the cancer cell surface (EGFR and HER3) , inhibiting the related pathway in the cancer cells, thus contribute to the treatment of the cancer.
[0496] Example 6: EGFR reporter assay
[0497] To evaluate the blockade effect of J17 in H-EGF-Reporter cells and to determine the IC50 value, H-EGF-Reporter cells were incubated with J17, J22, as well as Patritumab in the presence of 1 nM EGF-his for 6 hours. After incubation, luciferase substrate reagent was added, and luminescence was measured.
[0498] The culture medium was DMEM medium containing 10%FBS, 0.74 μg / ml puromycin and 4 μg / ml Blasticidin for H-EGF-Reporter cells. H-EGF-Reporter cells were digested by accutase and resuspended in basic medium (DMEM+1%Heat-inactive FBS) . The cell density was detected by CounterStar and adjusted to 4x105 cells / mL, and 50 μL of cell cultures were seeded into 96-well plates, which was 2x104 cells per well. 25 μL / well EGF-his (Acro#EGF-H52H3) was mixed with 25 μL / well of the antibody solution and then incubated at 37℃ for 6 hours. The concentrations of tested antibodies started from 100 nM with 8 serial dilutions at a 4-fold dilution factor. Thus, the final concentration of EGF-his was 1 nM and the final starting concentration of each antibody was 100 nM, respectively. After incubation, 100 μL / well luciferase buffer (Beyotime #RG051M) was added and the luminescence signal was detected with the following condition: Gain (200) and Measurement interval time (1 s) .
[0499] The results are shown in FIG. 5. The results demonstrated that J17 inhibited EGFR downstream signaling, comparable to anti-EGFR antibody J22.
[0500] Table 2 Summary of EGFR reporter assay
[0501] Example 7: Inhibition of NRG1-driven proliferation
[0502] A431 cells (epidermoid carcinoma, ATCC CRL-1555) express HER3 receptors and are therefore induced to proliferate by EGFR / HER3 and HER2 / HER3. NRG1-β1, a specific ligand for HER3, efficiently activates the receptor and its downstream signaling pathways, such as PI3K / AKT and MAPK. The robust response of A431 cells to NRG1-β1 stimulation, characterized by HER3 phosphorylation and downstream signaling activation, makes it a suitable system for evaluating HER3 function.
[0503] A431 cells were seeded to a 96-well transparent bottom plate and adjusted to 6x104 cells / well. 50 μL / well of NRG1-β1 (Sinobiological#11609-HNCH) was mixed with 50 μL / well of the antibody solution and then incubated at 37℃for 72 hours. The concentrations of tested antibodies started from 100 nM with 8 serial dilutions at a 5-fold dilution factor. The fluorescence signal was detected by BD LSRFortessa. The cell viability%was calculated as Treated Sample / Untreated Sample x100%. A nonlinear regression analysis with four adjustable parameters was conducted using GraphPad Prism 9.2 software.
[0504] The results are shown in FIG. 6. The results demonstrated that anti-EGFR antibody J22, and anti-HER3 antibody Patritumab could not inhibit A431 proliferation triggered with NRG1-β1. J17 inhibited NRG1-β1-induced EGFR / HER3 and HER2 / HER3 downstream signaling.
[0505] Table 3 Summary of inhibition of NRG1-driven proliferation
[0506] Example 8: Cytotoxicity effect of antibodies on tumor cells
[0507] The cytotoxicity of J17, Duligotuzumab, J22, as well as Patritumab were tested in A431, Fadu and NCI-H1975 cells. In brief, 1000 cells in 50 μL culture medium per well were seeded into 96-well flat bottom plates and incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. The test samples were 5-fold serially diluted using corresponding culture medium. 50 μL 2 x test sample solutions were added to the 96-well plates with cells and incubated for 3 or 6 days. 100 μL / well of CellTier-Glo (Promega #G7571) was added. The plates were shaked on an orbital shaker to induce cell lysis for 2 minutes and left to stand for 10 minutes at room temperature to stabilize signal. The luminescence intensity was detected by BioTek Synergy 2. J17 showed anti-proliferative activity on A431, Fadu and NCI-H1975 tumor cells, while J22 and Patritumab had little effect on tumor cell growth (FIG. 7 and Table 4) .
[0508] Table 4 Summary of cytotoxicity effect of antibodies on tumor cells
[0509] Example 9: In vivo efficacy of J17 in inhibiting the growth in Fadu model in Female BALB / c-nude Mice For in vivo efficacy in cell-line derived xenografts, 5x106 cells of Fadu cells were injected subcutaneously into female nude (BALB / c-nude) mice (GemPharmatech) . Mice were randomly divided into study groups and dosed with test agents via intravenous injection once the tumors reached approximately 150 mm3. Tumor volume was calculated with the formula (volume = 1 / 2 x length x width x width) . PR was defined as percentage of tumor volume decrease (calculated using the formula (Ti-T0) / T0) ≤ -30%for three consecutive measurements; CR was defined as the tumor volume ≤ 13.5 mm3 for three consecutive measurements. No weight loss or treatment-related toxicities were observed during the study. All animal procedures were performed under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the animal facility. Efficacy studies grouping information is listed in Table 5 and the results are shown in FIG. 8 and Table 6.
[0510] Table 5 The list of Fadu tumor model efficacy study grouping.
[0511] Table 6 In vivo efficacy of the tested antibodies
[0512] Generally, J17 conferred impressive tumor growth inhibition effect on FaDu, which was comparable to the other EGFR / HER3 bispecific molecule including Duligotuzumab and SI-B001, and more potent than EGFR and Her3 mono-specific antibodies.
[0513] Example 10: Evaluation of the effect of J17 on EGFR / HER3 signaling pathways in tumor cells The regulatory effect of J17 on EGFR / HER3 signaling pathways in three human tumor cell lines: A-431, BxPC-3, and FaDu was evaluated by Western Blot (WB) . The impact of J17 on the phosphorylation levels, indicating the activation of receptors including EGFR and HER3 and their downstream key effector proteins including AKT, ERK, MAPK under the stimulation of their respective ligands including NRG1-β1, TGF-α / EGF, was studied. Izalontamab (MedChemExpress Cat#HY-P99676, Lot#903194, a research-grade reference molecule synthesized for the naked antibody of BL-B01D1) was used as a benchmark control, and J05 (Polatuzumab, a targeting human CD79b antibody, sequences of J05 are set forth as SEQ ID NO: 35 and 36 in Table 19) was served as an isotype control. Cells were starved before test article treatment, and subsequently followed by stimulation with NRG1-β1 and TGF-α / EGF, either individually or in combination, to mimic the sustained activation signals present in the tumor microenvironment. After treatment, the expression levels of phosphorylated and total protein were detected. The specific conditions for the starvation and treatment were shown in FIG. 9-11. p-EGFR Y1068 indicated the phosphorylation on EGFR at tyrosine (Y) located on amino acids position 1068. The same labelled logic was applied to p-HER3 Y1289, p-AKT S473, p-ERK1 / 2 (p44 / 42 MAPK) T202 / Y204. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of the total and phosphorylated proteins responded to both stimulating ligands together based on the signal intensities of the bands, utilizing the Li-COR ODYSSEY CLx imaging system and Image Studio software.
[0514] Under dual-ligand stimulation (NRG1β1 combined with TGF-α or EGF) , experimental results demonstrated that J17 (10 μg / mL) effectively antagonized ligand-induced receptor activation across A-431, BxPC-3, and FaDu cell lines. For the three cell lines, with the comparison of the vehicle control (w / o TA, “TA” represents test article) under dual-ligand stimulations (NRG1β1 combined with TGF-α or EGF) ) , J17 downregulated the phosphorylation of EGFR (Y1068) by 68%, 81%, and 19%respectively and HER3 (Y1289) by 95%, 96%, and 91%respectively, and consequently inhibited downstream AKT (S473) by 49%, 87%, and 82%respectively. For the p44 / 42 MAPK (T202 / Y204) cascade, J17 downregulated its phosphorylation by 41%and 75%in BxPC-3 and FaDu cells respectively. Notably, in contrast to the Izalontamab, which showed an increase on EGFR phosphorylation in A-431 and FaDu models under stimulation, J17 demonstrated a superior and consistent inhibitory profile to its comparator, whereas the isotype control J05 had no effect, thereby confirming the specific mechanism of J17 in blocking PI3K / AKT and MAPK / ERK survival pathways (FIG. 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13) . The semi-quantitative results were summarized in FIG. 13
[0515] Example 11: Compound synthesis
[0516] 11.1 Synthesis of CSL01-Exa
[0517] Step 1
[0518] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- (3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanamido) -4- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL01-Exa-c)
[0519] To a mixture of CSL01-Exa-a (900 mg, 1.97 mmol) and CSL01-Exa-b (740 mg, 2.37 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added EEDQ (1.464 g, 5.93 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 16 h. After completion, the mixture was diluted with DCM (45 mL) then washed with H2O (40 mL) , brine (40 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (PE / EtOAc, 100: 0 to 50: 50 v / v) to afford CSL01-Exa-c (1.04 g, 70%yield) as a white solid.
[0520] MS (ESI) m / z: 749.3 [M+H] +
[0521] Step 2
[0522] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- (3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanamido) -4- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5749.3-triyl triacetate (CSL01-Exa-d)
[0523] To a solution of CSL01-Exa-c (1.04 g, 1.39 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) were added DIPEA (540 mg, 4.16 mmol) and bis (4-nitrophenyl) carbonate (1.268 g, 4.164mmol) . The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 16 h. On completion of the reaction, the mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (PE / EtOA, 100: 0 to 50: 50 v / v) to afford CSL01-Exa-d (1.0 g, 78.8%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0524] MS (ESI) m / z: 914.2 [M+H] +
[0525] Step 3
[0526] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- (3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL01-Exa-f)
[0527] To a solution of CSL01-Exa-d (1.8 g, 1.97 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) were added 4-Methylmorpholine (598 mg, 5.91 mmol) , HOBT (266 mg, 1.97 mmol) and CSL01-Exa-e (1.05 g, 1.97 mmol, exatecan mesylate was purchased from Shanghai HaoYuan MedChemexpress CO. LTD. ) . The resulting solution was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 h. After complete reaction, the mixture was quenched with water (100 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (150 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford a residue which was purified by flash column chromatography (DCM / MeOH, 100: 0 to 90: 10 v / v) to give CSL01-Exa-f (1.6 g, 67%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0528] MS (ESI) m / z: 1210.2 [M+H] +
[0529] Step 4
[0530] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- (3-aminopropanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL01-Exa-g)
[0531] To a solution of CSL01-Exa-f (400 mg, 0.33 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DEA (72.5 mg, 0.99 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirring at 15 ℃ for 1 h. After complete reaction, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford CSL01-Exa-g (300 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0532] MS (ESI) m / z: 988.2 [M+H] +
[0533] Step 5
[0534] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- (3- (3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanamido) propanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL01-Exa-h)
[0535] To a solution of CSL02-Exa-b (113.5 mg, 0.36 mmol) , HATU (174 mg, 0.455 mmol) and DIEA (118 mg, 0.910 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added CSL01-Exa-g (300 mg, 0.3 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃for 2 h and concentrated under vacuum to afford a residue which was purified by reverse-phase chromatography (C18, 5-95%MeCN in H2O) to afford CSL01-Exa-h (300 mg, 77.3%yield) as yellow solid.
[0536] MS (ESI) m / z: 1281.4 [M+H] +
[0537] Step 6
[0538] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- (3- (3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) propanamido) propanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL01-Exa-i)
[0539] To a solution of CSL01-Exa-h (300 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) , LiOH·H2O (58.6 mg, 1.4 mmol) was added slowly at 0 ℃. After further stirring for 2 h at 0 ℃, the solution was quenched by HCl solution (0.1 N, 10 mL) and purified by reverse-phase chromatography (C18, 5-95%MeCN in H2O) to afford CSL01-Exa-i (65 mg, 24.4%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0540] MS (ESI) m / z: 1140.4 [M+H] +
[0541] Step 7
[0542] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- (3- (3-aminopropanamido) propanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL01-Exa-j) To a solution of CSL01-Exa-i (35 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DEA (6.7 mg, 0.09 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 15 ℃ for 1 h. The solution was concentrated to give CSL01-Exa-j (25 mg, crude) as yellow solid.
[0543] MS (ESI) m / z: 918.4 [M+H] +
[0544] Step 8
[0545] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- (3- (3- (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) hexanamido) propanamido) propanamido) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL01-Exa)
[0546] To a solution of CSL01-Exa-j (60 mg, 0.07 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were added DIPEA (25.3 mg, 0.098 mmol) and McOSu (30.2 mg, 0.098 mmol) . After stirring at 15 ℃ for 1 h, the resulting solution was purified by Prep-HPLC (Method B) to afford the CSL01-Exa (18.7 mg, 25.8%yield) as yellow solid.
[0547] MS (ESI) m / z: 1111.1 [M+H] +
[0548] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ 12.87 (s, 1H) , 9.08 (s, 1H) , 8.20 (s, 1H) , 8.06 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.94 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.81-7.72 (m, 2H) , 7.32 (s, 1H) , 7.10 (s, 2H) , 6.99 (s, 2H) , 6.52 (s, 1H) , 5.87 (s, 1H) , 5.45 (s, 2H) , 5.31-5.27 (m, 3H) , 5.07 (s, 2H) , 4.85 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.89 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.43-3.35 (m, 6H) , 3.28-3.09 (m, 9H) , 2.39 (s, 3H) , 2.22-2.18 (m, 4H) , 1.99 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.92-1.82 (m, 2H) , 1.47-1.40 (m, 4H) , 1.16-1.12 (m, 2H) , 0.89 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) .
[0549] 11.2 Synthesis of CSL09-Exa
[0550] Step 1
[0551] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (5-formyl-2-nitrophenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-c)
[0552] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-a (10 g, 25.25 mmol) in acetonitrile (160 mL) was added CSL09-Exa-b (1.4 g, 8.38 mmol) . After stirring at r.t. for 60 h in the dark, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, and the residue was purified using flash chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 9: 1 to 1: 9 v / v) to yield CSL09-Exa-c (2.1g, 81%) as a white solid.
[0553] MS (ESI) m / z: 506.2 [M+H] +
[0554] Step 2
[0555] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2-amino-5- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-d)
[0556] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-c (2.1 g, 4.35 mmol) in EtOAc (70 mL) were added Pd / C (10 wt%, 170 mg) and triethylamine (66 mg, 0.65 mmol) . The reaction was vigorously stirred for 18 h at r.t. under H2 atmosphere. The resulting solution was filtered through a Celite pad, the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was dried over vacuum to afford CSL09-Exa-d as a white solid (1.8 g, 88%) .
[0557] MS (ESI) m / z: 455.7 [M+H] +
[0558] Step 3
[0559] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- (hydroxymethyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-e)
[0560] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-d (2.2 g, 4.4 mmol) and Fmoc-Val-Ala-OH (2.52 g, 6.15 mmol) in DCM (63 mL) and MeOH (7 mL) was added EEDQ (1.85 g, 7.48 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 18 h. The solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (hexane / EtOAc, 9: 1 to 1: 9 v / v) to yield CSL09-Exa-e (2.2 g, 60%) as a white solid.
[0561] MS (ESI) m / z: 848.2 [M+H] +
[0562] Step 4
[0563] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( (4-nitrophenoxy) carbonyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-f)
[0564] To a mixture of CSL09-Exa-e (1.3 g, 1.53 mmol) and Bis-PNP (4.67 g, 15.31 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added DIPEA (1.97 g, 15.33 mmol) . After stirring at 45 ℃ for 18 h, the solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (DCM / MeOH, 20: 0 to 20: 1 v / v) to afford CSL06-Exa-f (900 mg, 58%yield) as a white solid.
[0565] MS (ESI) m / z: 1012.4 [M+H] +
[0566] Step 5
[0567] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-h)
[0568] To a mixture of CSL09-Exa-f (450 mg, 0.42 mmol) and CSL09-Exa-g (220 mg, 0.42 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) were added HOAT (56.5 mg, 0.42 mmol) and DIPEA (134 mg, 1.04 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) , and washed with saturated aq. NH4Cl (50 mL) , water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to afford a residue which was purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-330g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-95%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) to afford CSL09-Exa-h (320 mg, 60.6%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0569] MS (ESI) m / z: 1330.2 [M+Na] +
[0570] Step 6
[0571] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2-amino-3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-i)
[0572] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-h (150 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) at 0 ℃ was added piperidine (97 mg, 1.14 mmol) . After stirring at r.t. for 2 h, the solution was concentrated and triturated with MTBE to afford CSL09-Exa-i (120 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0573] MS (ESI) m / z: 1086.5 [M+H] +
[0574] Step 7
[0575] tert-butyl 3- ( (2-hydroxyethyl) amino) propanoate (CSL09-Exa-l)
[0576] A mixture of CSL09-Exa-j (3 g, 23.4 mmol) and CSL09-Exa-k (1.36 g, 22.3 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at r.t. for 24 h. The solution was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (PE / EtOAc, 100: 0 to 66: 33 v / v) to yield CSL09-EXd-l (2 g, 45%yield) as a colorless oil.
[0577] MS (ESI) m / z: 190.2 [M+H] +
[0578] Step 8
[0579] tert-butyl 3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) (2-hydroxyethyl) amino) propanoate (CSL09-EXd-m) To a solution of CSL09-Exa-l (2 g, 10.58 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (30 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (889 mg, 21.16 mmol) . After stirring at r.t. for 2 h, NaHCO3 (1.51 g, 18.0 mmol) and Fmoc-Cl (3.3 g, 12.7 mmol) were added. After further stirring at r.t. for 18 h, the solution was adjusted to pH=3 using conc. aqueous KHSO4 solution. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with H2O, and washed with DCM (100 mL *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum to afford a residue which was purified by flash column chromatography (DCM / MeOH, 100: 0 to 90: 10 v / v) to afford CSL09-Exa-m (3 g, 69%) as a colorless oil.
[0580] MS (ESI) m / z: 434.2 [M+Na] +
[0581] Step 9
[0582] (2R, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) (3- (tert-butoxy) -3-oxopropyl) amino) ethoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-n)
[0583] To a mixture of CSL09-Exa-m (800 mg, 1.94 mmol) and CSL09-Exa-n (1.16 g, 2.91 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) was added Ag2CO3 (700 mg, 2.52 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 3 h in the dark. After completion, the solution was taken directly for purification using Prep-HPLC (Method A) to give CSL09-Exa-o (320 mg, 23%yield) as a white solid.
[0584] MS (ESI) m / z: 750.4 [M+Na] +
[0585] Step 10
[0586] 3- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) (2- ( ( (2R, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -3, 4, 5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) ethyl) amino) propanoic acid (CSL09-Exa-p)
[0587] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-o (116 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DCM (0.5 mL) at 0 ℃ was added TFA (744.5 mg, 6.52 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. The solution was concentrated under vacuum to afford CSL09-Exa-p (100 mg, crude) as a colorless oil.
[0588] MS (ESI) m / z: 671.4 [M+H] +
[0589] Step 11
[0590] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (9S, 12S) -1- (9H-fluoren-9-yl) -9-isopropyl-12-methyl-3, 7, 10-trioxo-4- (2- ( ( (2R, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -3, 4, 5-triacetoxy-6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) ethyl) -2-oxa-4, 8, 11-triazatridecan-13-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL09-Exa-q)
[0591] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-p (124 mg, 0.114 mmol) and CSL09-Exa-i (100 mg, 0.149 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added HATU (65 mg, 0.171 mmol) and DIPEA (44.2 mg, 0.342 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. The solution was taken directly to column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-330g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 10-90%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) to afford CSL09-Exa-q (150 mg, 76%yield) as a yellow solid.
[0592] MS (ESI) m / z: 1739.7 [M+H] +
[0593] Step 12
[0594] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6R) -6- (2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (2- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -6-carboxy-3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-oxopropyl) amino) ethoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL09-Exa-r)
[0595] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-q (240 mg, 0.138 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and H2O (12 mL) at 0 ℃ was added LiOH-H2O (58 mg, 1.38 mmol) . After stirring at the same temperature for 5 h, the mixture was adjusted to Ph=5~6 using 1 M citric acid solution. The solvents were removed under lyophilization to afford a solid residue, which was purified by Prep-HPLC (Method A) to give CSL09-Exa-r (50 mg, 24.8%) as a yellow solid.
[0596] MS (ESI) m / z: 1459.1 [M+H] +
[0597] Step 13
[0598] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6R) -6- (2- ( (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (2- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -6-carboxy-3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-oxopropyl) amino) ethoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL09-Exa-s)
[0599] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-r (30 mg, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) at 0 ℃ was added DEA (30 mg, 0.41 mmol) . The solution was stirred at r.t. for 3 h. After completion, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and triturated with MTBE to afford CSL09-Exa-s (25 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0600] MS (ESI) m / z: 1237.3 [M+H] +
[0601] Step 14
[0602] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6R) -6- (2- (N- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (2- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -6-carboxy-3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-oxopropyl) -6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) hexanamido) ethoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL09-Exa)
[0603] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-s (25 mg, 0.02 mmol) and CSL09-Exa-t (11.4 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIPEA (5.2 mg, 0.04 mmol) . The solution was stirred at r.t. for 6 h. After completion, the solution was taken directly for purification using Prep-HPLC (Method B) to afford CSL09-Exa (10 mg, 34.7%yield) as yellow solid.
[0604] MS (ESI) m / z: 1434.6 [M+H] +
[0605] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.03 (s, 1H) , 8.15 –8.07 (m, 2H) , 7.92 –7.70 (m, 3H) , 7.33 (s, 1H) , 7.17 (s, 1H) , 7.11 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 6.94 (s, 2H) , 6.31 (s, 1H) , 5.61 (s, 1H) , 5.48 –5.37 (m, 2H) , 5.33 –5.23 (m, 3H) , 5.19 –5.01 (m, 4H) , 4.92 –4.78 (m, 3H) , 4.49 –4.37 (m, 1H) , 4.32 –4.20 (m, 2H) , 3.91 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.84 –3.71 (m, 1H) , 3.67 –3.58 (m, 2H) , 3.53 –3.31 (m, 12H) , 2.42 –2.36 (m, 5H) , 2.31 –1.98 (m, 7H) , 1.92 –1.84 (m, 2H) , 1.56 –1.44 (m, 5H) , 1.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 1.29 –1.20 (m, 3H) , 0.91 –0.82 (m, 9H) .
[0606] 11.3 Synthesis of CSL18-Exa
[0607] Step 1
[0608] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) amino) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL18-Exa-a)
[0609] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-i (600 mg, 0.36 mmol) in THF (8 mL) and H2O (6 mL) at 0 ℃ was added LiOH-H2O (92 mg, 4.32 mmol) . After stirring at the same temperature for 5 h, the mixture was quenched by HOAc at 0 ℃ and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was firstly purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-330g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-60%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) and the solvents were removed under lyophilization to afford a solid residue, which was purified by Prep-HPLC (Method A) to give CSL18-Exa-a (210 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid.
[0610] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.80 (s, 1H) , 9.16 (s, 1H) , 8.26 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.10 (dd, J = 20.4, 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.88 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.76 (dd, J = 16.8, 9.2 Hz, 3H) , 7.49 –7.38 (m, 3H) , 7.35 –7.28 (m, 3H) , 7.20 –7.08 (m, 2H) , 6.51 (s, 1H) , 5.45 (s, 2H) , 5.28 (s, 3H) , 5.06 (s, 2H) , 4.90 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.46 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.32 –4.17 (m, 3H) , 3.98 –3.86 (m, 2H) , 3.47 –3.38 (m, 5H) , 3.14 (s, 4H) , 2.38 (s, 3H) , 2.19 (s, 2H) , 2.02 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 1.87 (dt, J = 15.2, 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.92 –0.82 (m, 9H) .
[0611] Step 2
[0612] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2-amino-3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL18-Exa-b)
[0613] To a solution of CSL18-Exa-a (210 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) at 0 ℃ was added DEA (197 mg, 2.7 mmol) . The solution was stirred at r.t. for 0.5 h. After completion, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and triturated with MTBE to afford CSL09-Exa-s (170 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0614] MS (ESI) m / z: 946.6 [M+H] +
[0615] Step 3
[0616] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (14S, 17S) -1- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -14-isopropyl-17-methyl-12, 15-dioxo-3, 6, 9-trioxa-13, 16-diazaoctadecan-18-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL18-Exa)
[0617] To a solution of CSL18-Exa-a (85 mg, 0.09 mmol) and CSL18-Exa-b (54 mg, 0.13 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIPEA (23 mg, 0.18 mmol) . The solution was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. After completion, the mixture was purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-120g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-40%water / CH3CN @30 mL / min) to give crude product, which was further purified by using Prep-HPLC (Method A) to afford CSL18-Exa (21.03 mg, 19%yield) as yellow solid.
[0618] MS (ESI) m / z: 1230.0 [M+H] +
[0619] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.79 (s, 1H) , 9.12 (s, 1H) , 8.27 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.10 (dd, J = 22.0, 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.88 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.78 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.19 –7.10 (m, 2H) , 7.02 (s, 2H) , 6.51 (s, 1H) , 5.79 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 5.39 (dd, J = 28.4, 11.2 Hz, 4H) , 5.28 (s, 3H) , 5.06 (q, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H) , 4.90 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.41 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.29 –4.21 (m, 1H) , 3.94 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.56 (dt, J = 7.6, 6.8 Hz, 4H) , 3.52 –3.40 (m, 12H) , 3.36 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.25 –3.20 (m, 1H) , 3.13 (s, 1H) , 2.47 –2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.38 (s, 3H) , 2.34 (d, J =6.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.17 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 2H) , 2.00 (dd, J = 13.8, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 1.92 –1.80 (m, 2H) , 1.32 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.87 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H) , 0.82 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0620] 11.4 Synthesis of CSL19-Exa
[0621] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- (3- (3- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propanamido) propanamido) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL19-Exa)
[0622] To a solution of CSL18-Exa-b (85 mg, 0.09 mmol) and CSL19-Exa-a (54 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added DIPEA (23 mg, 0.18 mmol) . The solution was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. After completion, the mixture was purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-120g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-40%water / CH3CN @30 mL / min) to give crude product, which was further purified by using Prep-HPLC (Method A) to afford CSL19-Exa (23.01 mg, 20%yield) as yellow solid.
[0623] MS (ESI) m / z: 1168.9 [M+H] +
[0624] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.80 (s, 1H) , 9.12 (s, 1H) , 8.26 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.10 (dd, J = 18.8, 8.4 Hz, 2H) , 7.97 –7.87 (m, 2H) , 7.78 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.18 –7.09 (m, 2H) , 6.99 (s, 2H) , 6.51 (s, 1H) , 5.78 (s, 1H) , 5.50 –5.19 (m, 7H) , 5.06 (q, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H) , 4.90 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.42 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.28 –4.19 (m, 1H) , 3.95 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.62 –3.53 (m, 2H) , 3.45 –3.36 (m, 3H) , 3.18 (dd, J = 13.2, 7.2 Hz, 4H) , 2.38 (s, 3H) , 2.31 (dd, J = 14.4, 7.2 Hz, 4H) , 2.24 –2.11 (m, 2H) , 2.00 (dd, J = 13.2, 6.8 Hz, 1H) , 1.86 (dt, J = 23.6, 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.32 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.87 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 6H) , 0.82 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) .
[0625] 11.5 Synthesis of CSL20-Exa
[0626] Step 1
[0627] tert-butyl N2- ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) -N5- ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) -L-glutaminate (CSL20-Exa-c)
[0628] To a mixture of CSL20-Exa-a (3 g, 7.05 mmol) , CSL20-Exa-b (1.28 g, 7.05 mmol) , and EDCI (1.35 g, 7.05 mmol) in DMF (70 mL) was added HOBT (1.43 g, 10.57 mmol) at 0 ℃. After stirring at r.t. for 3 h, the solvents were reduced under vacuum and purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-330g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-60%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) to give CSL20-Exa-c (3.78 g, 91%) as a white solid.
[0629] MS (ESI) m / z: 589.2 [M+H] +
[0630] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.90 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 7.77 –7.65 (m, 4H) , 7.42 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 7.33 (td, J = 7.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H) , 4.33-4.21 (m, 4H) , 3.93 –3.83 (m, 1H) , 3.64 –3.53 (m, 4H) , 3.49 –3.41 (m, 4H) , 3.31 –3.21 (m, 3H) , 3.04-3.02 (m, 1H) , 2.18 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 1.99 –1.86 (m, 1H) , 1.83 –1.71 (m, 1H) , 1.39 (s, 9H) .
[0631] Step 2
[0632] N2- ( ( (9H-fluoren-9-yl) methoxy) carbonyl) -N5- ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) -L-glutamine (CSL20-Exa-d)
[0633] To a solution of CSL20-Exa-c (3.78 g, 6.42 mol) in DCM (30 mL) was added TFA (30 mL) at 0 ℃. After stirring at r.t. for 3 h, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-330g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-65%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) to afford CSL20-Exa-d (3.2 g, 93%yield) as white solid.
[0634] MS (ESI) m / z: 553.2 [M+H] +
[0635] Step 3
[0636] (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -2- (2- ( (5S, 8S, 11S) -1- (9H-fluoren-9-yl) -8-isopropyl-11-methyl-3, 6, 9-trioxo-5- (3-oxo-3- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) amino) propyl) -2-oxa-4, 7, 10-triazadodecan-12-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -6- (methoxycarbonyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3, 4, 5-triyl triacetate (CSL20-Exa-e)
[0637] To a solution of CSL09-Exa-i (83 mg, 0.076 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIPEA (25 mg, 0.019 mmol) , CSL20-Exa-d (45 mg, 0.081 mmol) and HATU (38 mg, 0.99 mmol) . After stirring at r.t. for 3 h, the reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-120g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 5-51%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) to give CSL20-Exa-e (88.05 mg, 72%yield) as white solid.
[0638] MS (ESI) m / z: 1602.6 [M+H] +
[0639] Step 4
[0640] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (5S, 8S, 11S) -1- (9H-fluoren-9-yl) -8-isopropyl-11-methyl-3, 6, 9-trioxo-5- (3-oxo-3- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) amino) propyl) -2-oxa-4, 7, 10-triazadodecan-12-amido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL20-Exa-f)
[0641] To a solution of CSL20-Exa-e (120 mg, 0.75 mmol) in THF (5 mL) and H2O (1 mL) at 0 ℃ was added LiOH-H2O (19 mg, 1.11 mmol) . After stirring at the same temperature for 1 h, the mixture was quenched by HOAc at 0 ℃ and concentrated to give crude product. The crude product was firstly purified by column chromatography (C18) (Biotage, R-120g SepaFlash Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 32-52%water / CH3CN @100 mL / min) to give CSL20-Exa-f (45 mg, 41%) as a yellow solid.
[0642] MS (ESI) m / z: 12338.5 [M-Fmoc] +
[0643] Step 5
[0644] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2-amino-5-oxo-5- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) amino) pentanamido) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL20-Exa-g)
[0645] To a solution of CSL20-Exa-f (45 mg, 0.031 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIPEA (23 mg, 0.31 mmol) . After stirring at r.t. for 1 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated to give CSL20-Exa-g (38.16 mg, crude) as yellow oil.
[0646] Step 6
[0647] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- (3- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) propanamido) -5-oxo-5- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) amino) pentanamido) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL20-Exa)
[0648] To a solution of CSL20-Exa-g (38 mg, 0.031 mmol) and CSL220-Exa-h (116 mg, 0.061 mmol) in DMF (55 mL) was added DIPEA (8 mg, 0.06 mmol) . The solution was stirred at r.t. for 1 h. After completion, the mixture was further purified by using Prep-HPLC (Method A) to afford CSL20-Exa (17 mg, 35%yield) as yellow solid.
[0649] MS (ESI) m / z: 1389.5 [M+H] +
[0650] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.78 (s, 1H) , 9.09 (s, 1H) , 8.26 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.20 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.09 (t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.78 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.22 –7.08 (m, 2H) , 6.99 (s, 2H) , 6.51 (s, 1H) , 5.75 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.47 –5.26 (m, 6H) , 5.06 (q, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H) , 4.92 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.73 (s, 1H) , 4.50 –4.18 (m, 6H) , 3.95 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.60 -3.57 (m, 4H) , 3.49 –3.37 (m, 4H) , 3.30 –3.19 (m, 3H) , 3.16 –3.09 (m, 1H) , 3.04 –2.97 (m, 1H) , 2.50 -2.00 (m, 5H) , 2.26 –1.94 (m, 7H) , 1.93 –1.77 (m, 3H) , 1.74 -1.68 (m, 1H) , 1.51 –1.40 (m, 1H) , 1.34 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 1.26 –1.23 (m, 6H) , 0.89-0.81 (m, 9H) .
[0651] 11.6 Synthesis of CSL21-Exa
[0652] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6S) -6- (2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- ( (S) -2- (6- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) hexanamido) -5-oxo-5- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R) -2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentahydroxyhexyl) amino) pentanamido) -3-methylbutanamido) propanamido) -5- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL21-Exa)
[0653] Following the same procedure described above, CSL21-Exa (9.5 mg, 32%) was synthesized as yellow solid.
[0654] MS (ESI) m / z: 1431.5 [M+H] +
[0655] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.80 (s, 1H) , 9.08 (s, 1H) , 8.27 (s, 1H) , 8.14 –7.88 (m, 4H) , 7.81 –7.67 (m, 2H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.20 –7.05 (m, 3H) , 6.98 (s, 2H) , 6.65 (s, 1H) , 6.51 (s, 1H) , 5.74 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.53 –5.18 (m, 9H) , 5.12 –4.89 (m, 3H) , 4.73 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.47 –4.20 (m, 7H) , 3.95 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.59 –3.54 (m, 2H) , 3.44 –3.39 (m, 2H) , 3.26 –3.22 (m, 2H) , 3.13 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 3.04 –2.96 (m, 2H) , 2.38 (s, 3H) , 2.10 –2.07 (m, 2H) , 2.01 –1.96 (m, 4H) , 1.91 –1.80 (m, 3H) , 1.45 (s, 2H) , 1.36 –1.32 (m, 3H) , 1.19 –1.14 (m, 2H) , 0.92 –0.78 (m, 12H) .
[0656] 11.7 Synthesis of CSL27-Exa
[0657] Step 1
[0658] perfluorophenyl 3- (2- (2- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) ethoxy) ethoxy) -propanoate (CSL27-b)
[0659] To a mixture of CSL20-Exa-a (250 mg, 0.97 mmol) , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorophenol (182 mg, 0.99 mmol) and DMAP (12 mg, 0.097 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DCC (212 mg, 1.03 mmol) at r.t. After completion, the mixture was filtered off solid, diluted with EA (20 mL) , washed with ice-water (10 mL*4) , dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated, purified by flash column chromatography (Light Petrol / EA, 100: 0 to 60: 40 v / v) to afford CSL27-Exa-b (123 mg, 29%yield) as colorless oil.
[0660] MS (ESI) m / z: 424 [M+H] +
[0661] Step 2
[0662] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6R) -6- (2- (N- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (2- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -6-carboxy-3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-oxopropyl) -3- (2- (2- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) ethoxy) ethoxy) propanamido) ethoxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL27-Exa)
[0663] To a mixture of CSL27-Exa-b (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) and CSL09-Exa-s (50 mg, 0.04 mmol) , and DIPEA (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIPEA (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) at r.t. After stirrring at the same temperature for 16 h, the reaction mixture was purified by Prep-HPLC (column: Wepure Prep C18 10μm 21.2*250mm, Mobile Phase: A: water (0.1%TFA) B: acetonitrile; 16-46%B in 8min, stop at 16min) to give CSL27-Exa as yellow solid (19.5 mg, 33%yield) .
[0664] MS (ESI) m / z: 1499.5 [M+H] +
[0665] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.78 (s, 1H) , 9.13 (s, 1H) , 8.34 (dd, J = 18.8, 6.3 Hz, 1H) , 8.08 (ddd, J = 58.0, 28.8, 5.4 Hz, 3H) , 7.77 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.25 –7.07 (m, 2H) , 7.02 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H) , 6.53 (s, 1H) , 5.82 (s, 1H) , 5.58 –5.31 (m, 3H) , 5.35 –5.14 (m, 4H) , 5.06 (dd, J = 19.2, 12.4 Hz, 2H) , 4.95 –4.86 (m, 1H) , 4.40 (dd, J = 8.8, 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.25 (dt, J = 12.8, 6.4 Hz, 2H) , 3.95 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.79 –3.74 (m, 1H) , 3.61 –3.13 (m, 28H) , 2.98 (td, J = 8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 2.61 –2.52 (m, 2H) , 2.43 –2.33 (m, 5H) , 2.24 –2.11 (m, 2H) , 2.00 –1.81 (m, 3H) , 1.33 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.91 –0.76 (m, 10H) .
[0666] 11.8 Synthesis of CSL28-Exa
[0667] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6R) -6- ( (13- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (2- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -6-carboxy-3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-oxopropyl) -1- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -12-oxo-3, 6, 9-trioxa-13-azapentadecan-15-yl) oxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL28-Exa)
[0668] Following the similar procedure listed above, CSL28-Exa (19.8 mg, 29%yield) was obtained as yellow solid.
[0669] MS (ESI) m / z: 1521.6 [M+H] +
[0670] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.80 (s, 2H) , 9.13 (s, 1H) , 8.34 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.22 –7.92 (m, 3H) , 7.78 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.23 –7.08 (m, 2H) , 7.02 (s, 2H) , 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.83 (s, 1H) , 5.46 (s, 3H) , 5.28 (s, 4H) , 5.14 –4.95 (m, 3H) , 4.91-4.90 (m, 1H) , 4.40 (s, 1H) , 4.25 (dd, J = 17.6, 7.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.95 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.72 (s, 1H) , 3.63 –3.54 (m, 6H) , 3.52-3.46 (m, 15H) , 3.31 –3.21 (m, 6H) , 3.20 –3.09 (m, 3H) , 3.01 –2.95 (m, 1H) , 2.66 –2.56 (m, 2H) , 2.35 (d, J = 19.2 Hz, 5H) , 2.21 (s, 2H) , 1.97 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H) , 1.93 –1.73 (m, 2H) , 1.33-1.32 (m, 3H) , 0.86-0.80 (m, 9H) .
[0671] 11.9 Synthesis of CSL29-Exa
[0672] (2S, 3S, 4S, 5R, 6R) -6- ( (16- (3- ( ( (S) -1- ( ( (S) -1- ( (2- ( ( (2S, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6S) -6-carboxy-3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) oxy) -4- ( ( ( ( (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10, 13-dioxo-2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de] pyrano [3', 4': 6, 7] indolizino [1, 2-b] quinolin-1-yl) carbamoyl) oxy) methyl) phenyl) amino) -1-oxopropan-2-yl) amino) -3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl) amino) -3-oxopropyl) -1- (2, 5-dioxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl) -15-oxo-3, 6, 9, 12-tetraoxa-16-azaoctadecan-18-yl) oxy) -3, 4, 5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (CSL29-Exa)
[0673] Following the same procedure described above, CSL29-Exa was obtained as yellow solid.
[0674] MS (ESI) m / z: 1565.5 [M+H] +
[0675] 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.78 (s, 1H) , 9.13 (s, 1H) , 8.37 –8.32 m, 1H) , 8.20 –7.93 (m, 3H) , 7.78 (d, J =10.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (s, 1H) , 7.22 –7.08 (m, 2H) , 7.02 (s, 2H) , 6.54 (s, 1H) , 5.83 (s, 1H) , 5.46 (s, 3H) , 5.28 (s, 3H) , 5.1 -5.01 (m, 2H) , 4.90 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.40 (s, 1H) , 4.26 -4.20 (m, 2H) , 3.95 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.75 (s, 1H) , 3.66 –3.46 (m, 23H) , 3.14 (s, 2H) , 2.99 (s, 1H) , 2.59 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 3H) , 2.46 –2.30 (m, 6H) , 2.21 (s, 2H) , 1.91 (m, 4H) , 1.36 –1.30 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H) , 0.89 –0.79 (m, 9H) .
[0676] Example 12: ADC Preparation and Characterization
[0677] J17-DXd was synthesized with the protocol described below. Deruxtecan was alkylated to the cysteines of the reduced J17 according to procedures described in the literature (Nakada T et al. (2016) Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 26 (6) : 1542-1545. Kang MS et al. (2021) . Chem Sci. 12 (41) : 13613-13647. ) . Briefly, after buffer-exchange into 50 mM PB containing 5 mM EDTA (pH 7.2) using Amicon ultracel filters (MWCO 25 kDa) , the antibody samples were reduced with 2-4 equivalence of TCEP (10mM) at 25 ℃ for 2 h. Charge 5-8equivalence of drug-linker (5 mM in DMSO) slowly (in 3-5min) at 25 ℃ for 2 h. Quench the reaction with 15X NAC (20 mM) at 20 ℃ for 30min. Any residual unconjugated drug was removed by purification and the final antibody-drug conjugates were formulated in 20mM Histidine pH6.0. The synthetic methods of the other ADCs were like the above protocols. The samples were subsequently analyzed for concentration by absorbance at 280 nm. HIC / RP-HPLC or HRMS to identify drug antibody ratio (DAR) and SEC to identify purity were applied to check the chemical quality of synthesized ADCs. The quality data was summarized in Table 7.
[0678] Table 7. Chemical profiles of synthesized ADCs
[0679] SEC, size exclusion chromatography; DAR, drug antibody ratio; “-Exa” represents the exatecanis conjugated.
[0680] Example 13: Cell binding affinity assessment for the ADCs
[0681] The ADCs of J17-DXd, J17-CSL01-Exa, J17-CSL09-Exa, J17-CSL18-Exa, J17-CSL19-Exa, J17-CSL20-Exa, J17-CSL21-Exa, J17-CSL27-Exa, J17-CSL28-Exa, J17-CSL29-Exa, J17-MC-VA-PAB-Exa and the naked BsAb J17 as well as isotype control were tested for binding to the tumor cell lines, BxPC-3 (Pricella CRL-1687) , SW620 (Pricella CCL-227) and A549 (CCL-185) . All tested cells were cultured according to ATCC guidance. 105 cells per well were seeded into 96-well V-Bottom plates. Cells were washed twice with stain buffer (BD #554656) and pelleted at 300xg and 2-8℃ for 3 minutes. Cells were resuspended and incubated with 100 μL / well of cold gradient-diluted samples in stain buffer as first antibody solution at 2-8℃ away from light for 40 minutes. After twice washes, cells were resuspended with 100 μL / well of 1 μg / mL cold diluted Alexa 647 AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG (H+L) (Jackson #109-605-088) as second antibody and incubated at 2-8℃ away from light for 30 minutes. After twice washes with stain buffer, the cells were resuspended with 100 μL / well of stain buffer and analyzed by a Beckman CytoFlex flow cytometer. For each sample, 10000 events were collected in the APC channel. A nonlinear regression analysis with four adjustable parameters was conducted using GraphPad Prism 9.2 software. Results demonstrated that the conjugated ADCs sustained their binding ability on EGFR and / or HER3 positive cells, when comparing to the unconjugated corresponding antibodies (FIG. 13 and Table 8) .
[0682] Table 8a. Summary of candidate ADCs binding ability on tumor cells
[0683] Table 8b. Summary of candidate ADCs binding ability on tumor cells
[0684] Example 14: Assessment of the conjugated ADCs on internalization
[0685] To evaluate the internalization into EGFR and / or HER3 positive tumor cell lines, The ADCs J17-DXd, J17-CSL01-Exa, J17-CSL09-Exa, J17-CSL18-Exa, J17-CSL19-Exa, J17-CSL20-Exa, J17-CSL21-Exa, J17-CSL27-Exa, J17-CSL28-Exa, J17-CSL29-Exa, J17-MC-VA-PAB-Exa and the naked BsAb J17 as well as isotype control were tested with BxPC-3, A549 and SW620 cells. All these cells were cultured according to ATCC’s guidance. The cells were treated with tested samples at saturated concentration (25 μg / ml) for 0 hour or 24 hours. For 0 hour group, the FACS procedure was same as mentioned in Example 13. For 24 hours group, after the incubation with tested samples, cells were washed twice with 200 μL / well culture medium, resuspended with 500 μL / well culture medium and transferred to 24 wells plate to culture for 24 hours at 37℃. The second antibody staining was conducted with collected cells after washed twice with stain buffer. The following FACS procedure was described in Example 13. The internalization ratio of 24 hours was calculated as 100%- (MFI of 24 hours ÷ MFI of 0 hour) ×100%. yaminResults demonstrated that all the tested ADC induced high level internalization at 24 hours (Table 9a&9b)
[0686] Table 9a. Summary of candidate ADCs internalization ratio into tumor cells
[0687] Table 9b. Summary of candidate ADCs internalization ratio into tumor cells
[0688] Example 15: Cytotoxicity effect of ADCs on tumor cells
[0689] The cytotoxicity of new linker-payloads conjugated ADCs, naked BsAbs, isotype controls, as well as the free cytotoxin Exatecan mesylate (MedChemExpress #HY-13631A) were tested in A431, Fadu, BxPC-3, NCI-H1975 and SW620 cells. In brief, 1000 cells in 50 μL culture medium per well were seeded into 96-well flat bottom plates and incubated at 37℃ for 24 hours. The test samples were 3-5-fold serially diluted using corresponding culture medium. 50 μL 2x test sample solutions were added to the 96-well plates with cells and incubated for 6 days. 100 μL / well of CellTier-Glo (Promega #G7571) was added. The plates were shaked on an orbital shaker to induce cell lysis for 2 minutes and left to stand for 10 minutes at room temperature to stabilize signal. The luminescence intensity was detected by BioTek Synergy 2. The inhibition ratio was calculated as 100%- (LUM of samples ÷ LUM of Blank) ×100%. A nonlinear regression analysis with four adjustable parameters was conducted using GraphPad Prism 9.2 software and the absolute IC50 was interpolated.
[0690] J17-DXd and J17-MC-VA-PAB-Exa were conjugated as DAR2, whlist other ADCs were conjugated as DAR4. All tested ADCs showed potent killing effect on EGFR and / or HER3 positive tumor cells (FIG. 14&FIG. 15 and Table 10a&10b) .
[0691] Table 10a. The summary of cell growth inhibition data. *n.a., not available;
[0692] Table 10b. The summary of cell growth inhibition data. *n.a. not available. n.d, not detected
[0693] Example 16: Assessment of the in vitro stability of ADCs in human and monkey serum
[0694] The free payload and conjugated payload concentrations from 150, 000 ng / mL J17-DXd, J17-Mc-VA-PAB-Exa and J17-CSL20-Exa at 37 ℃ up to 7 days was evaluated in human and monkey serum. After incubation, samples are frozen at -60 to -90 ℃ until analysis. Aliquots (10 μL) were taken at six time points (0, 4, 24, 48, 72, or 168 h) . For free payload assay, serum samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile and then analyzed by LC-MS / MS. The release rate of free payload was calculated using the mean concentration of payload (N = 3) .
[0695] For conjugated payload assay, serum samples were immunoaffinity purified with protein A beads first, and then digested with papain and β-glucuronidase (For J17-DXd and J17-MC-VA-PAB-Exa, the digestion was proceeded through papain) . After deproteinization with acetonitrile and subsequent analysis by LC-MS / MS, the conjugated payload concentration was calculated using the mean concentration of payload (N = 3) .
[0696] The remaining conjugated payload rate (%) was calculated as the ratio of the released payload determined by LC / MS-MS to the hypothetical total payload conjugated to ADC.
[0697] Free payload concentrations were carried under the following measurement conditions:
[0698] Instrument: LC-MS / MS (QTRAP 6500+ System)
[0699] Monitor: MRM
[0700] Column: ACE Excel 3 C18-300 50*2.1 mm
[0701] Column Temperature: 45 ℃
[0702] Mobile Phase A: H2O-0.1%FA
[0703] Mobile Phase B: ACN-0.1%FA
[0704] Gradient Program for Exa / Dxd: 10-35%B (0.01-1.5 min) , 95-95%B (1.55-2.00 min) , 95-10%B (2.05-2.5 min)
[0705] Injected sample volume: 10μL
[0706] Conjugated payload concentrations were carried out under the following conditions:
[0707] Instrument: LC-MS / MS (QTRAP 6500+ System)
[0708] Monitor: MRM
[0709] Column: ACE Excel 3 C18-300 50*2.1 mm
[0710] Column Temperature: 45 ℃
[0711] Mobile Phase A: H2O-0.1%FA
[0712] Mobile Phase B: ACN-0.1%FA
[0713] Gradient Program for Exa / Dxd: 10-35%B (0.01-1.5 min) , 95-95%B (1.55-2.00 min) , 95-10%B (2.05-2.5 min)
[0714] Injected sample volume: 10μL
[0715] As shown in FIG. 16, J17-CSL20-Exa demonstrated minimal release rate, with less than 0.5%payload released after incubation in human or monkey serum for 7 days. The panels on bottom present remaining conjugated payload rate of ADCs as the ADC undergoes retro-Michael deconjugation over the in vitro time course. After 7 days of incubation in human or monkey serum, J17-DXd and J17-Mc-VA-PAB-Exa exhibit an approximate 50%loss of conjugated payload, whereas J17-CSL20-Exa retains approximately 70%of its payload under the same conditions. These results suggested that J17-CSL20-Exa shows superior stability profiles as ADCs with tetrapeptide and dipeptide linker.
[0716] Example 17: Xenograft tumor growth inhibition of ADCs
[0717] For in vivo efficacy in cell-line derived xenografts, 5x106 cells of Fadu, SW620 and BxPC-3 cells were injected subcutaneously into female nude (BALB / c-nude) mice (GemPharmatech) . Mice were randomly divided into study groups and dosed with test agents via intravenous injection once the tumors reached approximately 300 mm3. Tumor volume was calculated with the formula (volume = 1 / 2 x length x width x width) . No weight loss or treatment-related toxicities were observed during the study. All animal procedures were performed under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the animal facility. Efficacy studies grouping information is listed in Table 11 and the results are shown in FIG. 17. J17-CSL01 / 20-Exa demonstrated potent tumor growth inhibition on CDX model.
[0718] Table 11 The list of efficacy studies grouping.
[0719] Example 18: Mouse MTD study of ADCs
[0720] To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) , 150 mg / kg ADCs were administered once to 8-week female BALB / c nude mice without tumors, by intravenous injection. The body weight was measured daily for 1 week. MTD was defined as the highest dose that do not cause modality, serious overt toxicities or >=15%weight decrement (mean body weight) , compared to their initial body weight. The experimental results presented in the FIG. 18 demonstrate that the ADCs with the new linker were well-tolerated at a dose more than 150 mg / kg.
[0721] Example 19: Mouse PK study of ADCs
[0722] C.B-17-SCID mice (Shanghai Model Organisms Center) were randomly divided into study groups. A single dose of J17-DXd and J17-CSL20-Exa were administrated intravenously (Table 12) . Then blood samples were collected serially by venipunctures, processed to serum, and then subjected to ELISA-based quantitative bioanalysis for conjugated mAbs (ADC) , total mAbs (tAb) , and naked mAbs (unconjugated) . No obvious abnormality was observed during this study. All animal procedures were performed under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the testing facility. The studies grouping information is listed in Table 12 and the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were presented in Table 13 and FIG. 19. The ADCs using the new linker achieve higher stability than J17-DXd.
[0723] Table 13. Overview of the mouse PK study
[0724] Table 14. The summary of mouse PK data
[0725] Example 20: Evaluation of bystander effect of J17-CSL20-Exa in in vitro co-culture system
[0726] This study aimed to evaluate the bystander killing effect of J17-CSL20-Exa against antigen-negative tumor cells in an in vitro co-culture system. NCI-H1568 (antigen-positive, Ag+) and NCI-H524 (antigen-negative, Ag-) were selected as model cell lines. To distinguish between the two cell populations, NCI-H1568 and NCI-H524 cells were differentially labeled with CellTraceTM Violet (CTV) and CFSE fluorescent dyes, respectively.
[0727] Co-culture groups (mixed Ag+ and Ag-cells) and monoculture controls (Ag+ or Ag-only) were seeded into 24-well plates and allowed to adhere overnight. Subsequently, J17-CSL20-Exa was added at final concentration gradients of 10, 5, and 2.5 nM, alongside a vehicle blank control, and co-incubated for another 144 hours. The experimental endpoints were assessed using two complementary methods: 1) Flow cytometry (FCM) combined with Near-IR live / dead staining to precisely analyze the survival rates of the distinct fluorescently labeled cell populations; and 2) (CTG) luminescent assay to measure the total ATP viability of the cell system.
[0728] The results were shown in FIG. 20, it demonstrated that J17-CSL20-Exa exhibited significant direct cytotoxicity against antigen-positive NCI-H1568 cells, with cell viability decreasing in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, no significant killing effect was observed on antigen-negative NCI-H524 cells in monoculture, confirming the target specificity of the drug and the absence of non-specific cytotoxicity (Fig. 20 a) . In the co-culture system, increasing concentrations of J17-CSL20-Exa resulted in a decrease in the viability of antigen-negative NCI-H524 cells. Compared to the 'cell only'control, the viability of NCI-H524 was decrease by 77.3%at 2.5 nM and further decreased by 80.4%at 10 nM (Fig. 20 b) . It is concluded that J17-CSL20-Exa clearly demonstrates bystander effect, effectively eliminates Ag-tumor cells with the existence of Ag+ tumor cells.
[0729] Example 21: Cell line Derived Xenograft (CDX) Tumor Growth Inhibition of ADCs
[0730] For in vivo efficacy in cell-line derived xenografts, 2x106 cells of NCI-H1975-EGFR_P. C797S, and 1x107 cells of x2MDA-MB-468 and NCI-H1568 were injected subcutaneously into female NCG, CB17 SCID, and BALB / c Nude mice, respectively. Mice were randomly divided into study groups and dosed with test agents (J17-CSL20-Exa, G5 and G6) or controls (G1-G4, and G7) via intravenous injection once the tumors reached approximately 130–220 mm3. G3 and G7 have the same molar equivalent of cytotoxic payload as G6. Tumor volume was calculated with the formula (volume = 1 / 2 x length x width x width) . Statistical analysis was performed to compare each treatment group with the vehicle control group, and p-values were calculated using Dunnett's test. No significant weight loss or treatment-related toxicities were observed during the study. Efficacy studies grouping information is listed in Table 15 and the results are shown in Table 16-18 and FIG. 21.
[0731] Experimental results demonstrated that J17-CSL20-Exa induced significant and dose-dependent tumor regression across NCI-H1568, NCI-H1975-EGFR_P. C797S, and x2MDA-MB-468 xenograft models. Notably, J17-CSL20-Exa exhibited superior anti-tumor activity compared to standard-of-care chemotherapies (Cisplatin, Docetaxel, and Carboplatin) and the reference EGFR×HER3 ADC BL-B01D1 (MedChemExpress Cat#HY-164702, Lot#978741, a research-grade reference molecule synthesized based on BL-B01D1) . In the NCI-H1568 lung cancer model, 10 mg / kg J17-CSL20-Exa achieved deep tumor regression, with 3.99%Relative Tumor Growth Volume (TGv) on Day 22, significantly outperforming Cisplatin (p<0.0001) , which was ineffective in this model, and showed superior efficacy over 6.78 mg / kg BL-B01D1 with 30.13%TGv on Day 22.
[0732] In the NCI-H1975-EGFR_P. C797S model, J17-CSL20-Exa demonstrated potent and fast-acting anti-tumor activity, with 5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg doses achieving TGv of 18.34%and 1.38%respectively by Day 28. The Drug induced deep tumor regression, reaching Best of Response (BoR) with TGv value of -83.45% (Day 10) and -90.56% (Day 14) respectively, outperforming the reference ADC BL-B01D1 (BoR TGv: -78.4%) and Docetaxel (BoR TGv: -60.94%) in both onset speed and regression depth.
[0733] Furthermore, in the x2MDA-MB-468 breast cancer model, J17-CSL20-Exa showed durable efficacy, leading to complete regression where both 5 mg / kg and 10 mg / kg groups reached a tumor volume of 0.00 ± 0.00 mm3 by Day 28.Both dosage groups achieved a TGv of -100.00%, demonstrating efficacy comparable to the reference molecule BL-B01D1 and significantly superior to Carboplatin (p<0.001) , which achieved a TGv of only -48.69%and was unable to conduct complete tumor clearance.
[0734] Table 15 The list of efficacy studies grouping.
[0735] 1 The dose of BL-B01D1 (6.78 mg / kg) was determined as the dose level providing molar-equivalent payload carried by 10 mg / kg J17-CSL20-Exa.
[0736] Table 16 Efficacy results TGv (%) of NCI-H1975-EGFR_P. C797S model.
[0737] The day of group randomization and initial dosing is defined as Day 0 (D0) . Relative Tumor Growth Volume (TGv %) is calculated as follows: If the average tumor size of the treated mice on TGv calculation date was smaller than that at dosing (Ti < T0) , TGv (%) = 100 × (Ti -T0) / T0, and if not, TGv (%) = 100 × (Ti -T0) / (Vi-V0) , where Ti and Vi are the mean tumor volume of the treatment group and vehicle group on TGv calculation dates, respectively; T0 and V0 are the mean tumor volume of the treatment group and vehicle group at dosing, respectively.
[0738] Table 17 Efficacy results TGv (%) of x2MDA-MB-468 model.
[0739] The day of group randomization and initial dosing is defined as Day 0 (D0) . Relative Tumor Growth Volume (TGv %) is calculated as follows: If the average tumor size of the treated mice on TGv calculation date was smaller than that at dosing (Ti < T0) , TGv (%) = 100 × (Ti -T0) / T0, and if not, TGv (%) = 100 × (Ti -T0) / (Vi-V0) , where Ti and Vi are the mean tumor volume of the treatment group and vehicle group on TGv calculation dates, respectively; T0 and V0 are the mean tumor volume of the treatment group and vehicle group at dosing, respectively.
[0740] Table 18 Efficacy results TGv (%) of NCI-H1568 model.
[0741] The day of group randomization and initial dosing is defined as Day 0 (D0) . Relative Tumor Growth Volume (TGv %) is calculated as follows: If the average tumor size of the treated mice on TGv calculation date was smaller than that at dosing (Ti < T0) , TGv (%) = 100 × (Ti -T0) / T0, and if not, TGv (%) = 100 × (Ti -T0) / (Vi-V0) , where Ti and Vi are the mean tumor volume of the treatment group and vehicle group on TGv calculation dates, respectively; T0 and V0 are the mean tumor volume of the treatment group and vehicle group at dosing, respectively.
[0742] Table 19. SEQUENCE LISTING (The CDR sequences are numbered by Kabat)
Claims
1.A bispecific antibody comprising an EGFR-binding region and a HER3-binding region, wherein the EGFR-binding region comprises a first heavy chain variable region (VH1) and a first light chain variable region (VL1) , and the HER3-binding region comprises a second heavy chain variable region (VH2) and a second light chain variable region (VL2) , wherein:the VH1 comprises HCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18, respectively, and the VL1 comprises LCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 24, 25, and 26, respectively, andthe VH2 comprises HCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 20, 21, and 22, respectively, and the VL2 comprises LCDRs 1-3 comprising the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 28, 29, and 30, respectively.2.The bispecific antibody according to claim 1, wherein:the VH1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15, and the VL1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 23; andthe VH2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19, and the VL2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27.3.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein both of the EGFR-binding region and the HER3-binding region are in the form of Fab,preferably, in any one of the Fabs, (a) VH and VL are interchanged, (b) CH1 and CL are interchanged, or (c) VH and VL are interchanged and CH1 and CL are interchanged.4.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 1-3, further comprising an Fc region comprising a CH2 region and a CH3 region, wherein the CH3 region comprises a knob-into-hole mutation and / or an ionic interaction mutation.5.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising:a heavy chain 1 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VH1, CH1, CH2, and CH3;a heavy chain 2 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VH2, CL, CH2, and CH3;a light chain 1 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VL1 and CL; anda light chain 2 comprising from N-to C-terminal: VL2 and CH1.6.The bispecific antibody according to claim 5, wherein each of the CH1, CH2 and CH3 is independently derived from immunoglobulin isotype IgG (e.g. human IgG) , preferably derived from IgG subtype selected from the group consisting of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 (e.g. human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) .7.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claim 5 or 6, wherein the CL is derived from λ light chain or κlight chain.8.The bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising:a heavy chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1,a heavy chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2;a light chain 1 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3, anda light chain 2 comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4.9.A nucleic acid encoding the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8.10.A vector comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 9.11.A host cell comprising the nucleic acid according to claim 9 or the vector according to claim 10.12.An antibody-drug conjugate, comprising the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8, and a drug moiety conjugated thereto via a linker.13.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 12, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof:T- (L-D) k (I)wherein,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8;L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 R group (s) ;each R is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;A is selected fromand the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;LA is selected from C1-50 alkylene, C2-20 alkenylene, or C2-20 alkynylene, wherein, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 non-adjacent carbon atoms in C1-50 alkylene can be optionally replaced with one or more of O, C (O) or -C (O) NH-;P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acid residues, each of which is independently substituted with a GU unit;the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;B isand the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;D is a drug moiety;k is an integer from 1 to 20.14.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 13, wherein,L is represented by -A-P-B-, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 R group (s) ;each R is independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 haloalkyl;A is selected fromand the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;LA is selected from C1-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, C2-10 alkynylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;P is bond, -C0-6 alkylene- (C1-4 alkylene-O) y-C0-6 alkylene-, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, alternatively, each amino acid residue is independently selected from β-Ala, Val, Ala, Glu, Gln, Cit, Phe, Lys, Asn, or Gly and independently substituted with a GU unit, and the GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;B is (such as) , and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P;each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;alternatively,A is selected from: preferably selected fromand the wavy line marked with “a” indicates the point of attachment to T;P is selected from: (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , (Val-Ala) , (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , (β-Ala) , (Gly) , or(Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to A;wherein, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such as, β-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such asthe GU unit is a hydrophilic group containing a sugar moiety;B is selected from: and the wavy line marked with “c” indicates the point of attachment to P.15.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 13 or 14, wherein the GU unit is derived from cyclic and linear monosaccharide;alternatively, the GU unit is selected fromwherein, RG1 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-C0-6 alkylene-;RG2 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-C0-6 alkylene-; still alternatively, the GU unit is selected from16.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (I-1) , (II) , (III) (IV) or (V) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof: wherein,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8; LA is selected from C1-10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, -C1-6 alkylene-NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or -C1-6 alkylene-C (O) NH- (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, preferably selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;P is bond, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, Val, Ala, Glu, Gln, Cit, Phe, Lys, Asn, or Gly and independently substituted with a GU unit;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;the GU unit is selected fromwherein, RG1 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-;RG2 is selected from bond, -O-, -NH-, -C1-6 alkylene-, -C1-6 alkylene-O-and - (C1-4 alkylene-O) 1-6-;each RB1 is independently selected from H, halogen, OH, CN, NH2, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;D is a drug moiety;k is an integer from 1 to 10;alternatively,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8;LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, preferably is C1-6 alkylene orsuch as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-, x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;P is selected from: (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , (Val-Ala) , (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , (β-Ala) , (Gly) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to A;wherein, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such as, β-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such asthe GU unit is as defined in claim 15, such asR is selected from H, halogen, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl;m is 0, 1, 2, or 3;D is a drug moiety;k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.17.The antibody-drug conjugate of claim 16, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (II-1) , (II-2) , (III-1) , (III-2) , (IV) , (IV-1) , (IV-2) , (V) , (V-1) or (V-2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof: wherein, T, LA, P and k are as defined in claim 16.18.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-17, wherein D is a drug moiety selected from camptothecin, auristatins and analogues thereof;alternatively, D is selected from camptothecin, 9-amino camptothecin, SN38, Dxd, exatecan, irinotecan, rubitecan, MMAE, MMAF or MMAD.19.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-18, wherein D is selected from the compound of formula (D-I) , (D-II) or (D-III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof: wherein,RD1 and RD2 are independently selected from H, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkyl; or, Rd1 and Rd2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, 5-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene or 5-10 membered heteroarylene, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl;RD3 and RD4 are independently selected from H, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 haloalkyl; or, Rd3 and Rd4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C3-10 cycloalkylene, 3-to 10-membered heterocyclylene, C6-10 arylene or 5-10 membered heteroarylene, which is optionally substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from H, halogen and C1-6 alkyl;alternatively,RD1 and RD2 are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 haloalkyl;or, Rd1 and Rd2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene or C6-10 arylene;RD3 and RD4 are independently selected from H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy or C1-6 alkoxy;or, Rd3 and Rd4 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form 5-6 membered heterocyclylene or 5-6 membered heteroarylene;alternatively,Rd1 and Rd2 are taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached to form C5-10 cycloalkylene, alternatively form C5-6 cycloalkylene;RD3 is selected from H, C1-4 alkyl or C1-4 haloalkyl, such as CH3;RD4 is selected from H, halogen or C1-4 alkyl, such as F;yet alternatively,D is20.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (II) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof: wherein,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8; LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, or - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;P is bond, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, or Gly;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;D is as defined in Claim 18 or 19;k is an integer from 1 to 10;alternatively,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8; LA is C1-6 alkylene, orsuch as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-, x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;P is bond, - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, such as(β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala) , or (Gly) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to -C (O) -;D is as defined in claim 18 or 19;k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.21.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof: wherein,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8;LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene, or - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, Val or Ala;D is as defined in Claim 18 or 19;k is an integer from 1 to 10;alternatively,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8;LA is C1-6 alkylene orsuch as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-, y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, Val or Ala, such as, (β-Ala-β-Ala) , (β-Ala-Val-Ala) , or (Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to -C (O) -;D is as defined in Claim 18 or 19;k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.22.The conjugate of any one of claims 13-18, wherein the conjugate has the structure of formula (III) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, enantiomer, diastereomer thereof, or a mixture thereof: wherein,T is a wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8;LA is selected from C1-6 alkylene, C2-6 alkenylene or - (CH2CH2O) y-C1-6 alkylene;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8;P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, β-Ala (GU) , Val, Ala, Gln, Gln (GU) , or Gly, and at least one of amino acid residues is β-Ala (GU) or Gln (GU) ;wherein, Gln (GU) represents the Gln is further substituted with a GU unit, such asβ-Ala (GU) represents the β-Ala is further substituted with a GU unit, such asthe GU unit is as defined in Claim 15, such asD is as defined in Claim 18 or 19;k is an integer from 1 to 10;alternatively,T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8, LA is C1-6 alkylene oralternatively is C1-6 alkylene, such as, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2-;y is 1, 2, 3, or 4;P is bond, or is 1, 2 or 3 amino acid residues, each of which is independently selected from β-Ala, β-Ala (GU) , Val, Ala, Gln, Gln (GU) , or Gly, and at least one of amino acid residues is β-Ala (GU) or Gln (GU) , such as (β-Ala (GU) -Val-Ala) , (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , or (Gln (GU) -Val-Ala) , and the wavy line marked with “b” indicates the point of attachment to -C (O) -;D is as defined in Claim 18 or 19;k is an integer from 2 to 10, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.23.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-22, wherein -L-D is selected from: wherein, theindicates the attachment site to the targeting moiety;D is as defined in Claim 18 or 19;x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, alternatively is 2, 3, 4 or 5;y is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, alternatively is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 8;alternatively,wherein, theindicates the attachment site to the targeting moiety.24.The antibody-drug conjugate of any one of claims 13-23, wherein the conjugate is selected from: T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8;k is an integer from 2 to 10, alternatively 2 to 5, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5.25.The antibody-drug conjugate of claims 24, wherein the conjugate is selected from: T is a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is the bispecific antibody comprising:a heavy chain 1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1,a heavy chain 2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2;a light chain 1 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, anda light chain 2 comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4,and wherein k is an integer from 2 to 10, alternatively 2 to 5, such as 2, 3, 4, or 5.26.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8 or the antibody-drug conjugate according to any one of claims 13-25, and optionally at least a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.27.The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 26, wherein the composition further comprises a second therapeutic agent, optionally the second therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, a chemotherapeutic agent, an siRNA, antisense oligonucleotide, a polypeptide, and a small molecule drug.28.A method of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of the bispecific antibody according to any one of claims 1-8, the ADC according to any one of claims 13-25, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 26 or 27.29.The method according to claim 28, wherein the disease is a cancer, preferably a solid tumor.30.The method according to claim 29, wherein the cancer is an EGFR-and / or HER3-expressing cancer.31.The method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of oropharyngeal cancer (especially oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) , lung cancer (especially lung adenocarcinoma) , skin cancer, colon cancer or colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, cervical cancer; ovarian cancer, melanotic cancer, brain cancer, endometrial cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, esophageal cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and biliary tract cancer.