Method, apparatus, and medium for point cloud coding
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/085324
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-24
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2026085324_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MEDIUM FOR POINT CLOUD CODINGFIELDS
[0001] Implementations of the present disclosure relate generally to point cloud coding techniques, and more particularly, to point cloud attribute coding.BACKGROUND
[0002] A point cloud is a collection of individual data points in a three-dimensional (3D) plane with each point having a set coordinate on the X, Y, and Z axes. Thus, a point cloud may be used to represent the physical content of the three-dimensional space. Point clouds have shown to be a promising way to represent 3D visual data for a wide range of immersive applications, from augmented reality to autonomous cars.
[0003] Point cloud coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of the well-known MPEG organization. MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard. The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC or VPCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points. Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC or GPCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions. However, coding efficiency and coding quality of conventional point cloud coding techniques is generally expected to be further improved.SUMMARY
[0004] Implementations of the present disclosure provide a solution for point cloud coding.
[0005] In a first aspect, a method for point cloud coding is proposed. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.
[0006] Based on the method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure, a parameter (s) used in cross-attribute prediction is signaled in the bitstream. Compared with the conventional solution where such parameter is fixed, the proposed method enables adaptation to different point cloud sequences with varying characteristics. This flexibility allows the coder to optimize the cross-attribute prediction parameters for each specific content, resulting in improved prediction accuracy and reduced residual energy, which in turn leads to better coding efficiency and coding quality.
[0007] In a second aspect, an apparatus for point cloud coding is proposed. The apparatus comprises a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon. The instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0008] In a third aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0009] In a fourth aspect, another non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.
[0010] In a fifth aspect, a method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence is proposed. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0011] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a computer program for performing a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure when the computer program runs on a computer.
[0012] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform a method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure.
[0013] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of example cases of the present disclosure will become more apparent. In the example cases of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals usually refer to the same components.
[0015] Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example point cloud coding system in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure;
[0016] Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example GPCC encoder in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure;
[0017] Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example GPCC decoder in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure;
[0018] Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method for point cloud coding in accordance with cases of the present disclosure;
[0019] Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device in which various cases of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0020] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals usually refer to the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some cases. It is to be understood that these cases are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0022] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0023] References in the present disclosure to “one case, ” “an case, ” “an example case, ” and the like indicate that the case described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every case includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same case. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an example case, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other cases whether or not explicitly described.
[0024] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example cases. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0025] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular cases only and is not intended to be limiting of example cases. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. Example Environment
[0026] Fig. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an example point cloud coding system 100 that may utilize the techniques of the present disclosure. As shown, the point cloud coding system 100 may include a source device 110 and a destination device 120. The source device 110 can be also referred to as a point cloud encoding device, and the destination device 120 can be also referred to as a point cloud decoding device. In operation, the source device 110 can be configured to generate encoded point cloud data and the destination device 120 can be configured to decode the encoded point cloud data generated by the source device 110. The techniques of some example cases of this disclosure are generally directed to coding (encoding and / or decoding) point cloud data, i.e., to support point cloud compression. The coding may be effective in compressing and / or decompressing point cloud data.
[0027] Source device 110 and destination device 120 may comprise any of a wide range of devices, including desktop computers, notebook (i.e., laptop) computers, tablet computers, set-top boxes, telephone handsets such as smartphones and mobile phones, televisions, cameras, display devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, video streaming devices, vehicles (e.g., terrestrial or marine vehicles, spacecraft, aircraft, etc. ) , robots, LIDAR devices, satellites, extended reality devices, or the like. In some cases, source device 110 and destination device 120 may be equipped for wireless communication.
[0028] The source device 110 may include a data source 112, a memory 114, a GPCC encoder 116, and an input / output (I / O) interface 118. The destination device 120 may include an input / output (I / O) interface 128, a GPCC decoder 126, a memory 124, and a data consumer 122. In accordance with some example cases of this disclosure, GPCC encoder 116 of source device 110 and GPCC decoder 126 of destination device 120 may be configured to apply the techniques of some example cases of this disclosure related to point cloud coding. Thus, source device 110 represents an example of an encoding device, while destination device 120 represents an example of a decoding device. In other examples, source device 110 and destination device 120 may include other components or arrangements. For example, source device 110 may receive data (e.g., point cloud data) from an internal or external source. Likewise, destination device 120 may interface with an external data consumer, rather than include a data consumer in the same device.
[0029] In general, data source 112 represents a source of point cloud data (i.e., raw, unencoded point cloud data) and may provide a sequential series of “frames” of the point cloud data to GPCC encoder 116, which encodes point cloud data for the frames. In some examples, data source 112 generates the point cloud data. Data source 112 of source device 110 may include a point cloud capture device, such as any of a variety of cameras or sensors, e.g., one or more video cameras, an archive containing previously captured point cloud data, a 3D scanner or a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, and / or a data feed interface to receive point cloud data from a data content provider. Thus, in some examples, data source 112 may generate the point cloud data based on signals from a LIDAR apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, point cloud data may be computer-generated from scanner, camera, sensor or other data. For example, data source 112 may generate the point cloud data, or produce a combination of live point cloud data, archived point cloud data, and computer-generated point cloud data. In each case, GPCC encoder 116 encodes the captured, pre-captured, or computer-generated point cloud data. GPCC encoder 116 may rearrange frames of the point cloud data from the received order (sometimes referred to as “display order” ) into a coding order for coding. GPCC encoder 116 may generate one or more bitstreams including encoded point cloud data. Source device 110 may then output the encoded point cloud data via I / O interface 118 for reception and / or retrieval by, e.g., I / O interface 128 of destination device 120. The encoded point cloud data may be transmitted directly to destination device 120 via the I / O interface 118 through the network 130A. The encoded point cloud data may also be stored onto a storage medium / server 130B for access by destination device 120.
[0030] Memory 114 of source device 110 and memory 124 of destination device 120 may represent general purpose memories. In some examples, memory 114 and memory 124 may store raw point cloud data, e.g., raw point cloud data from data source 112 and raw, decoded point cloud data from GPCC decoder 126. Additionally or alternatively, memory 114 and memory 124 may store software instructions executable by, e.g., GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126, respectively. Although memory 114 and memory 124 are shown separately from GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 in this example, it should be understood that GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may also include internal memories for functionally similar or equivalent purposes. Furthermore, memory 114 and memory 124 may store encoded point cloud data, e.g., output from GPCC encoder 116 and input to GPCC decoder 126. In some examples, portions of memory 114 and memory 124 may be allocated as one or more buffers, e.g., to store raw, decoded, and / or encoded point cloud data. For instance, memory 114 and memory 124 may store point cloud data.
[0031] I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may represent wireless transmitters / receivers, modems, wired networking components (e.g., Ethernet cards) , wireless communication components that operate according to any of a variety of IEEE 802.11 standards, or other physical components. In examples where I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 comprise wireless components, I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded point cloud data, according to a cellular communication standard, such as 4G, 4G-LTE (Long-Term Evolution) , LTE Advanced, 5G, or the like. In some examples where I / O interface 118 comprises a wireless transmitter, I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded point cloud data, according to other wireless standards, such as an IEEE 802.11 specification. In some examples, source device 110 and / or destination device 120 may include respective system-on-a-chip (SoC) devices. For example, source device 110 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to GPCC encoder 116 and / or I / O interface 118, and destination device 120 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to GPCC decoder 126 and / or I / O interface 128.
[0032] The techniques of some example cases of this disclosure may be applied to encoding and decoding in support of any of a variety of applications, such as communication between autonomous vehicles, communication between scanners, cameras, sensors and processing devices such as local or remote servers, geographic mapping, or other applications.
[0033] I / O interface 128 of destination device 120 receives an encoded bitstream from source device 110. The encoded bitstream may include signaling information defined by GPCC encoder 116, which is also used by GPCC decoder 126, such as syntax elements having values that represent a point cloud. Data consumer 122 uses the decoded data. For example, data consumer 122 may use the decoded point cloud data to determine the locations of physical objects. In some examples, data consumer 122 may comprise a display to present imagery based on the point cloud data.
[0034] GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 each may be implemented as any of a variety of suitable encoder and / or decoder circuitry, such as one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware or any combinations thereof. When the techniques are implemented partially in software, a device may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable medium and execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the techniques of some example cases of this disclosure. Each of GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may be included in one or more encoders or decoders, either of which may be integrated as part of a combined encoder / decoder (CODEC) in a respective device. A device including GPCC encoder 116 and / or GPCC decoder 126 may comprise one or more integrated circuits, microprocessors, and / or other types of devices.
[0035] GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may operate according to a coding standard, such as video point cloud compression (VPCC) standard or a geometry point cloud compression (GPCC) standard. This disclosure may generally refer to coding (e.g., encoding and decoding) of frames to include the process of encoding or decoding data. An encoded bitstream generally includes a series of values for syntax elements representative of coding decisions (e.g., coding modes) .
[0036] A point cloud may contain a set of points in a 3D space, and may have attributes associated with the point. The attributes may be color information such as R, G, B or Y, Cb, Cr, or reflectance information, or other attributes. Point clouds may be captured by a variety of cameras or sensors such as LIDAR sensors and 3D scanners and may also be computer-generated. Point cloud data are used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, construction (modeling) , graphics (3D models for visualizing and animation) , and the automotive industry (LIDAR sensors used to help in navigation) .
[0037] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a GPCC encoder 200, which may be an example of the GPCC encoder 116 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a GPCC decoder 300, which may be an example of the GPCC decoder 126 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure.
[0038] In both GPCC encoder 200 and GPCC decoder 300, point cloud positions are coded first. Attribute coding depends on the decoded geometry. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) unit 218, surface approximation analysis unit 212, RAHT unit 314 and surface approximation synthesis unit 310 are options typically used for Category 1 data. The level-of-detail (LOD) generation unit 220, lifting unit 222, LOD generation unit 316 and inverse lifting unit 318 are options typically used for Category 3 data. All the other units are common between Categories 1 and 3.
[0039] For Category 3 data, the compressed geometry is typically represented as an octree from the root all the way down to a leaf level of individual voxels. For Category 1 data, the compressed geometry is typically represented by a pruned octree (i.e., an octree from the root down to a leaf level of blocks larger than voxels) plus a model that approximates the surface within each leaf of the pruned octree. In this way, both Category 1 and 3 data share the octree coding mechanism, while Category 1 data may in addition approximate the voxels within each leaf with a surface model. The surface model used is a triangulation comprising 1-10 triangles per block, resulting in a triangle soup. The Category 1 geometry codec is therefore known as the Trisoup geometry codec, while the Category 3 geometry codec is known as the Octree geometry codec.
[0040] In the example of Fig. 2, GPCC encoder 200 may include a coordinate transform unit 202, a color transform unit 204, a voxelization unit 206, an attribute transfer unit 208, an octree analysis unit 210, a surface approximation analysis unit 212, an arithmetic encoding unit 214, a geometry reconstruction unit 216, an RAHT unit 218, a LOD generation unit 220, a lifting unit 222, a coefficient quantization unit 224, and an arithmetic encoding unit 226.
[0041] As shown in the example of Fig. 2, GPCC encoder 200 may receive a set of positions and a set of attributes. The positions may include coordinates of points in a point cloud. The attributes may include information about points in the point cloud, such as colors associated with points in the point cloud.
[0042] Coordinate transform unit 202 may apply a transform to the coordinates of the points to transform the coordinates from an initial domain to a transform domain. This disclosure may refer to the transformed coordinates as transform coordinates. Color transform unit 204 may apply a transform to convert color information of the attributes to a different domain. For example, color transform unit 204 may convert color information from an RGB color space to a YCbCr color space.
[0043] Furthermore, in the example of Fig. 2, voxelization unit 206 may voxelize the transform coordinates. Voxelization of the transform coordinates may include quantizing and removing some points of the point cloud. In other words, multiple points of the point cloud may be subsumed within a single “voxel, ” which may thereafter be treated in some respects as one point. Furthermore, octree analysis unit 210 may generate an octree based on the voxelized transform coordinates. Additionally, in the example of Fig. 2, surface approximation analysis unit 212 may analyze the points to potentially determine a surface representation of sets of the points. Arithmetic encoding unit 214 may perform arithmetic encoding on syntax elements representing the information of the octree and / or surfaces determined by surface approximation analysis unit 212. GPCC encoder 200 may output these syntax elements in a geometry bitstream.
[0044] Geometry reconstruction unit 216 may reconstruct transform coordinates of points in the point cloud based on the octree, data indicating the surfaces determined by surface approximation analysis unit 212, and / or other information. The number of transform coordinates reconstructed by geometry reconstruction unit 216 may be different from the original number of points of the point cloud because of voxelization and surface approximation. This disclosure may refer to the resulting points as reconstructed points. Attribute transfer unit 208 may transfer attributes of the original points of the point cloud to reconstructed points of the point cloud data.
[0045] Furthermore, RAHT unit 218 may apply RAHT coding to the attributes of the reconstructed points. Alternatively or additionally, LOD generation unit 220 and lifting unit 222 may apply LOD processing and lifting, respectively, to the attributes of the reconstructed points. RAHT unit 218 and lifting unit 222 may generate coefficients based on the attributes. Coefficient quantization unit 224 may quantize the coefficients generated by RAHT unit 218 or lifting unit 222. Arithmetic encoding unit 226 may apply arithmetic coding to syntax elements representing the quantized coefficients. GPCC encoder 200 may output these syntax elements in an attribute bitstream.
[0046] In the example of Fig. 3, GPCC decoder 300 may include a geometry arithmetic decoding unit 302, an attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304, an octree synthesis unit 306, an inverse quantization unit 308, a surface approximation synthesis unit 310, a geometry reconstruction unit 312, a RAHT unit 314, a LOD generation unit 316, an inverse lifting unit 318, a coordinate inverse transform unit 320, and a color inverse transform unit 322.
[0047] GPCC decoder 300 may obtain a geometry bitstream and an attribute bitstream. Geometry arithmetic decoding unit 302 of decoder 300 may apply arithmetic decoding (e.g., CABAC or other type of arithmetic decoding) to syntax elements in the geometry bitstream. Similarly, attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304 may apply arithmetic decoding to syntax elements in attribute bitstream.
[0048] Octree synthesis unit 306 may synthesize an octree based on syntax elements parsed from geometry bitstream. In instances where surface approximation is used in geometry bitstream, surface approximation synthesis unit 310 may determine a surface model based on syntax elements parsed from geometry bitstream and based on the octree.
[0049] Furthermore, geometry reconstruction unit 312 may perform a reconstruction to determine coordinates of points in a point cloud. Coordinate inverse transform unit 320 may apply an inverse transform to the reconstructed coordinates to convert the reconstructed coordinates (positions) of the points in the point cloud from a transform domain back into an initial domain.
[0050] Additionally, in the example of Fig. 3, inverse quantization unit 308 may inverse quantize attribute values. The attribute values may be based on syntax elements obtained from attribute bitstream (e.g., including syntax elements decoded by attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304) .
[0051] Depending on how the attribute values are encoded, RAHT unit 314 may perform RAHT coding to determine, based on the inverse quantized attribute values, color values for points of the point cloud. Alternatively, LOD generation unit 316 and inverse lifting unit 318 may determine color values for points of the point cloud using a level of detail-based technique.
[0052] Furthermore, in the example of Fig. 3, color inverse transform unit 322 may apply an inverse color transform to the color values. The inverse color transform may be an inverse of a color transform applied by color transform unit 204 of encoder 200. For example, color transform unit 204 may transform color information from an RGB color space to a YCbCr color space. Accordingly, color inverse transform unit 322 may transform color information from the YCbCr color space to the RGB color space.
[0053] The various units of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are illustrated to assist with understanding the operations performed by encoder 200 and decoder 300. The units may be implemented as fixed-function circuits, programmable circuits, or a combination thereof. Fixed-function circuits refer to circuits that provide particular functionality and are preset on the operations that can be performed. Programmable circuits refer to circuits that can be programmed to perform various tasks and provide flexible functionality in the operations that can be performed. For instance, programmable circuits may execute software or firmware that cause the programmable circuits to operate in the manner defined by instructions of the software or firmware. Fixed-function circuits may execute software instructions (e.g., to receive parameters or output parameters) , but the types of operations that the fixed-function circuits perform are generally immutable. In some examples, one or more of the units may be distinct circuit blocks (fixed-function or programmable) , and in some examples, one or more of the units may be integrated circuits.
[0054] Some example cases of the present disclosure will be described in detailed hereinafter. It should be understood that section headings are used in the present document to facilitate ease of understanding and do not limit the cases disclosed in a section to only that section. Furthermore, while certain cases are described with reference to GPCC or other specific point cloud codecs, the disclosed techniques are applicable to other point cloud coding technologies also. Furthermore, while some cases describe point cloud coding steps in detail, it will be understood that corresponding steps decoding that undo the coding will be implemented by a decoder. 1. Brief Summary
[0055] This disclosure is related to point cloud coding technologies. Specifically, it is related to point cloud attribute prediction based on attribute index. The ideas may be applied individually or in various combination, to any point cloud coding standard or non-standard point cloud codec, e.g., the being-developed Geometry based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) . 2. Abbreviations G-PCC Geometry based Point Cloud Compression MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group 3DG 3D Graphics Coding Group CFP Call For Proposal V-PCC Video-based Point Cloud Compression RAHT Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform 3. Introduction
[0056] MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard. The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points. Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions. Both V-PCC and G-PCC support the coding and decoding for single point cloud and point cloud sequence.
[0057] In one point cloud, there may be geometry information and attribute information. Geometry information is used to describe the geometry locations of the data points. Attribute information is used to record some details of the data points, such as textures, normal vectors, reflections and so on. 3.1 Cross attribute prediction
[0058] In G-PCC v2, the cross attribute prediction is introduced to use one reconstructed attribute to guide the coding of another attribute.
[0059] For example, in an exiting design, the reference attribute is used to guide the scaling of the prediction weights used in the intra prediction of the current attribute: “When cross_attr_prediction_enabled_this_type is 1 and lossless_coding_enabled is 0, the RahtPredWeight [ds ] [dt ] [dv ] [m ] of the primary attribute component shall be further scaled. The scaling factor is derived based on the normalized DC values of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute, which is specified by ref_attr_idx. For the block (Bs, Bt, Bv ) , the normalized DC values of the child block at the Morton-coded prediction block sample location m and the adjacent block with relative tree location (ds, dt, dv ) are used to derive the scaling factor. RahtPredWeight [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] = Cidx == 0 ? RahtPredWeight [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] × scale >> 1 : RahtPredWeight [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] where bsc : = 2 × Bs + FromMorton [m] [0] btc : = 2 × Bt + FromMorton [m] [1] bvc : = 2 × Bv + FromMorton [m] [2] childRef : = RahtDcNormRefAttr [Lvl-1] [bsc] [btc] [bvc] neighRef : = RahtDcNormRefAttr [Lvl] [Bs + ds] [Bt + dt] [Bv + dv] diff : = Abs (neighRef -childRef) << 3 scale : = attr_label [ref_attr_idx] ?(diff < childRef) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << 1) ? 2 : 1 :(diff < childRef << 1) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << 2) ? 2 : 1 When cross_attr_prediction_enabled_this_type is 1 and lossless_coding_enabled is 0, the RahtPredRealWeight [ds ] [dt ] [dv ] [m ] of the primary attribute component shall be further scaled before calculating RahtPred [m ] . The scaling factor is derived based on the normalized DC values of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute, which is specified by ref_attr_idx. For the block (Bs, Bt, Bv ) , the normalized DC values of the child block at the Morton-coded prediction block sample location m, and the adjacent block with relative tree location (ds, dt, dv ) or the child node of the adjacent block, are used to derive the scaling factor. RahtPredRealWeight [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] = Cidx == 0 ? RahtPredRealWeight [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] × scale >> 1 : RahtPredRealWeight [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] where bsc : = 2 × Bs + FromMorton [m] [0] btc : = 2 × Bt + FromMorton [m] [1] bvc : = 2 × Bv + FromMorton [m] [2] childRef : = RahtDcNormRefAttr [Lvl -1] [bsc] [btc] [bvc] neighRef : = IsReplaced [ds] [dt] [dv] [m] ?RahtDcNormRefAttr [lvl -1] [bsc + ds] [btc + dt] [bvc + dv] :RahtDcNormRefAttr [Lvl] [Bs + ds] [Bt + dt] [Bv + dv] diff : = Abs (neighRef -childRef) << 3 scale : = attr_label [refAttrIdx] ?(diff < childRef) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << 1) ? 2 : 1 :(diff < childRef << 1) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << 2) ? 2 : 1. ” 4. Problems
[0060] The existing designs for point cloud attribute inter prediction in RAHT have the following problems: 1. In current design, some factors used in cross attribute prediction are fixed at encoder and decoder. However, the fixed value may be not suitable for all point cloud sequences. 2. In current design, some factors used in cross attribute prediction are determined based on whether the current coding attribute is color or reflectance. However, there is no solution for the coding for other kind of attributes, such as normal, material index, etc. 5. Detailed Solutions
[0061] To solve the above problems and some other problems not mentioned, methods as summarized below are disclosed. The solutions should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these solutions can be applied individually or combined in any manner. The processing unit described below may include but be not limited to slice / tile / frame and so on. 1) It is proposed to signal the parameters used in cross-attribute prediction to the decoder. a. In one example, it is proposed to signal the parameters used in the cross-attribute prediction for RAHT based attribute compression. i. In one example, it is proposed to signal the parameters used to derive the scaling factor for prediction weights for each kind of nodes used in RAHT intra prediction. 1. In one example, the scaling factor may be derived based on the normalized DC values of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute. 2. In one example, for each child node to be predicted, the scaling factor (scale) may be derived based on the difference of the normalized DC values (diffRef) of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute between the child node (childRef) and the reference node (neighRef) used in intra prediction. 3. In one example, the parameters A and Bmay be used to indicate the scaling factor. scale : = (diffRef < childRef << A) ? 4 : (diffRef < childRef << B) ? 2 : 1 4.In one example, the parameter A and / or parameter B may be derived. a.In one example, A may be derived based on B, or B may be derived based on A. 5.In one example, the parameter A and / or parameter B may be signaled to the decoder. b. In one example, it is proposed to signal the parameters used in the cross-attribute prediction for predlift based attribute compression. i.In one example, it is proposed to signal the parameters used to derive the overall distance used to generate the nearest predictors. 1. In one example, the attribute weight may be used to calculate the overall distance. 2. In one example, the attribute weight may be derived based on the factor lambda. 3. In one example, the factor lambda may be derived based on the attribute QP value, parameters C and D. lambda = (C –D × (QP) ) 4. In one example, the factor lambda may be derived based on the initial attribute QP value (QPminus4) , parameters C and D. lambda = (C –D × (QPminus4 + 4) ) 5. In one example, the parameter C and / or parameter D may be derived. a. In one example, D may be derived based on C, or C may be derived basedon D. 6. In one example, the parameter C and / or parameter D may be signaled to the decoder. 2) It is proposed to use the reference attribute index to select the values of the above signalled parameters. a. In one example, the reference attribute may be specified by the reference attribute index. b. In one example, for each signalled parameter, there may be one specific signalled value for each reference attribute. c. In one example, the reference attribute index may be used to select the parameter value from the signalled values. 3) It is proposed to use the current attribute index to select the values of the above signalled parameters. a. In one example, the current attribute may be specified by the current attribute index. b. In one example, for each signalled parameter, there may be one specific signalled value for each attribute. c. In one example, the current attribute index may be used to select the parameter value from the signalled values. 4) Whether to and / or how to apply a method disclosed above may be signaled from encoder to decoder in a bitstream / frame / tile / slice / octree / etc. 5) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be dependent on coded information, such as dimensions, colour format, colour component, slice / picture type.
[0062] More details of the cases of the present disclosure will be described below which are related to point cloud coding. The cases of the present disclosure should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these cases can be applied individually or combined in any manner.
[0063] In existing designs for point cloud attribute coding, cross-attribute prediction has been introduced to use one reconstructed attribute to guide the coding of another attribute. For example, in Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (RAHT) based attribute coding, a reference attribute may be used to guide the scaling of prediction weights used in intra prediction of a current attribute. However, the existing designs have certain limitations. First, some factors used in cross-attribute prediction are fixed at the encoder and decoder. However, the fixed values may not be suitable for all point cloud sequences with varying characteristics. Second, some factors used in cross-attribute prediction are determined based on whether the current coding attribute is color or reflectance. However, there is no solution for coding other kinds of attributes, such as normal vectors, material indices, or other user-defined attributes.
[0064] To solve the above problems and some other problems not mentioned, point cloud processing solutions as described below are disclosed. The cases of the present disclosure should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these cases can be applied individually or combined in any manner.
[0065] As used herein, the term "point cloud sequence" may refer to a sequence of one or more point clouds. The term "point cloud frame" or "frame" may refer to a point cloud in a point cloud sequence. The term "point cloud (PC) sample" may refer to a frame, a sub-region within a frame, a slice, a tile, or any other suitable processing unit containing one or more nodes or points. As used herein, a slice may refer to geometry and attributes for part of, or an entire, coded point cloud frame, and a tile may refer to a set of slices.
[0066] As used herein, the term “tree” may refer to a recursive structure of nodes without loops, and may contain a single root node. A tree structure (such as an octree or the like) may be used to implement spatial partition of a PC sample. The term “root node” may refer to a node without a parent node, and the term “leaf node” may refer to a terminal node without any child nodes. The term “depth” may refer to the number of descendent hops from the root node to a node. The term “tree level” may refer to a set of nodes at the same depth in a tree, and the term “tree level” may also be referred to as a level or a layer.
[0067] As used herein, the term "geometry" may refer to point positions associated with a set of points, and the term "attribute" may refer to scalar or vector property associated with each point in a point cloud. Examples of an attribute may include, but not limited to, color, reflectance, frame index, normal vectors, material indices, or the like. As used herein, the term "code" and its variations (e.g., "coding, " "coded" ) may refer to encoding or decoding, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “syntax element” used herein may refer to a flag, an index or any other suitable element for signaling information. The syntax element may be signaled in various forms.
[0068] Fig. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method 400 for point cloud processing in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, at 402, a conversion between a current PC sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence is performed. In addition, one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream. By way of example rather than limitation, the one or more parameters may comprise the number of shift bits used in the cross attribute prediction in the RAHT block, the lambda value used to derive the attribute weight in overall distance in the cross attribute prediction, and / or the like. This will be descried in detail below.
[0069] In some cases, at 402, a prediction of the current attribute may be determined based on a reference attribute of the current PC sample by using the one or more parameters, and the conversion is performed based on the prediction of the current attribute. The reference attribute is different from the current attribute. The reference attribute may be a previously coded attribute that provides useful information for predicting the current attribute. For example, the current attribute and the reference attribute may be two different kinds of attributes. By way of example rather than limitation, if the current attribute is reflectance, the reference attribute may be color, or vice versa.
[0070] In some cases, the conversion may comprise encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream. By way of example rather than limitation, the encoder may signal the one or more parameters for cross-attribute prediction in the bitstream, and use these parameters to generate a prediction of the current attribute based on the reference attribute. The residual between the actual attribute values and the predicted values may then be coded and included in the bitstream.
[0071] Alternatively or in addition, in some cases, the conversion may comprise decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream. By way of example rather than limitation, the decoder may parse the one or more parameters for cross-attribute prediction from the bitstream, and use these parameters to reconstruct the prediction of the current attribute based on the reference attribute. The decoded residual values may then be combined with the prediction to reconstruct the attribute values.
[0072] Additionally, in some cases, the conversion may comprise generating the bitstream from the point cloud sequence, and the method 400 may further comprise storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. This enables the encoded point cloud data to be stored for later retrieval and decoding.
[0073] In view of the above, the method 400 provides improved coding efficiency for point cloud attribute coding by enabling flexible signaling of cross-attribute prediction parameters. By allowing the parameters used in cross-attribute prediction to be signaled in the bitstream rather than being fixed, the method enables adaptation to different point cloud sequences with varying characteristics. This flexibility allows the encoder to optimize the cross-attribute prediction parameters for each specific content, resulting in improved prediction accuracy and reduced residual energy, which in turn leads to better compression efficiency. Furthermore, by signaling the parameters in the bitstream, the method provides a general solution that can be applied to various types of attributes beyond just color and reflectance.
[0074] In some cases, the one or more parameters may comprise the number of shift bits used in the cross-attribute prediction in a RAHT block of the current PC sample, and the bitstream may comprise a first set of syntax elements indicating the number of shift bits. By signaling the number of shift bits used in cross-attribute prediction for RAHT, the encoder can adapt the prediction process to the specific characteristics of the point cloud content.
[0075] RAHT is a transform coding technique that applies a hierarchical transform to attribute values based on the octree structure of the point cloud geometry. It is a transform that uses the attributes associated with a node in a lower level of the octree to predict the attributes of the nodes in the next level. It assumes that the positions of the points are given at both the encoder and decoder. RAHT follows the octree scan backwards, from leaf nodes to root node, at each step recombining nodes into larger ones until reaching the root node. At each level of octree, the nodes are processed in the Morton order. At each decomposition, instead of grouping eight nodes at a time, RAHT does it in three steps along each dimension, (e.g., along z, then y then x) . If there are L levels in octree, RAHT takes 3L levels to traverse the tree backwards. As used herein, an RAHT node may also be referred to as an RAHT block.
[0076] In some examples, the number of shift bits indicated by the first set of syntax elements may be used to determine a scaling factor for a prediction weight used in RAHT intra prediction. For example, The scaling factor may be derived based on normalized DC values of a primary attribute component of a reference attribute for the current attribute. For example, coefficients may be obtained by performing RAHT on the attribute information, and the coefficients may comprise an alternating current (AC) coefficient or a direct current (DC) coefficient. Transform-block DC coefficients may be normalized by their weight to obtain normalized DC values.
[0077] Additionally, in some cases, for a child block to be predicted, the scaling factor may be determined based on a difference between a normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the child block and a normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of a reference block used in the RAHT intra prediction. This approach allows the scaling factor to adapt based on the similarity between the child block and the reference block in terms of the reference attribute, which can improve prediction accuracy.
[0078] By way of example rather than limitation, the scaling factor may be determined as follows: scale : = (diff < childRef << A) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << B) ? 2 : 1, diff : = Abs (neighRef -childRef) << 3, where scale represents the scaling factor, childRef represents the normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the child block, neighRef represents the normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the reference block, A represents a first number of shift bits, and B represents a second number of shift bits. Abs () is an absolute value function. The logical operator x ? y : z is defined as follows: if x is true or not equal to 0, it evaluates to y;otherwise, it evaluates to z. In this case, the scaling factor takes one of three values (4, 2, or 1) based on the relationship between the difference and the child block's normalized DC value, scaled by the number of shift bits A and B. It should be understood that the specific values recited herein are intended to be examples rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure. As such, the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0079] In some cases, at least one of the first number of shift bits or the second number of shift bits may be indicated by the first set of syntax elements. This allows the encoder to signal the optimal shift bit values for the specific content being coded. By way of example rather than limitation, the first number of shift bits A may be indicated by syntax element raht_diff_threshold_shift_bit [0] , and the second number of shift bits B may be indicated by syntax element raht_diff_threshold_shift_bit [1] . It should be noted that the above name of the syntax element is merely illustrative rather than being limiting.
[0080] Alternatively or in addition, in some cases, at least one of the first number of shift bits or the second number of shift bits may be derived. For example, the first number of shift bits may be derived based on the second number of shift bits. Alternatively, the second number of shift bits may be derived based on the first number of shift bits. This can reduce the signaling overhead while still providing flexibility in the cross-attribute prediction process. In one example, if A is signaled, B may be derived as B = A + 1. In another example, B may be derived as a fixed offset from A. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0081] The signaling of the number of shift bits for RAHT-based cross-attribute prediction provides the benefit of allowing the encoder to optimize the scaling factor computation for different types of content.
[0082] In some cases, the bitstream may comprise a second set of syntax elements indicating at least one parameter used in the cross-attribute prediction for levels of detail (LOD) based attribute coding. For example, the LOD-based attribute coding is an attribute coding technique that organizes points into different levels of detail based on their spatial distribution and codes attribute values using prediction from neighboring points.
[0083] In some examples, the at least one parameter may be used to determine an overall distance between a predictor and a current point. For example, the overall distance may refer to a weighted combination of a geometry distance and an attribute distance. The geometry distance may be defined as the spatial distance which shall be calculated as the norm. The attribute distance may be defined as the sum of the absolute difference in attribute value for each component. In addition, the predictor may be a combination of specified values or previously decoded data elements used in the decoding process of subsequent data elements. For example, the predictor may correspond to a reference point for predicting the current point.
[0084] For example, the overall distance may be determined based on an attribute weight. The attribute weight may be defined by the weight of attribute distance, and may be applied for weighting the attribute distance to derive the overall distance.
[0085] Additionally, in some cases, the attribute weight may be determined based on a lambda value. By way of example rather than limitation, the attribute weight may be derived based on product of the lambda value and a summation of the length, width and height of a slice bounding box. Alternatively, the attribute weight may be derived based on product of the lambda value and a possible maximum value of the encoded attribute that is used for decoding the current attribute. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0086] In one example, the at least one parameter may comprise the lambda value, and the at least one parameter may comprise a first syntax element (such as lod_overall_dist_lambda or the like) indicating the lambda value used to derive the attribute weight in the overall distance in the cross-attribute prediction. By signaling the lambda value, the coder can adapt the cross-attribute prediction to the specific characteristics of the content, and thus the coding efficiency and coding quality can be improved.
[0087] Alternatively or in addition, in some cases, the lambda value may be determined based on an attribute quantization parameter (QP) value, a first parameter and a second parameter. By way of example rather than limitation, the lambda value may be determined as follows: lambda = (C –D × (QP) ) , where lambda represents the lambda value, QP represents the attribute quantization parameter value, C represents the first parameter and D represents the second parameter. This formula allows the lambda value to be adapted based on the quantization level, which can improve coding efficiency across different quality settings. It should be understood that the above formula is described merely for purpose of description, and the lambda value may be determined in any other suitable manner. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0088] In some examples, the bitstream may comprise a second syntax element indicating the attribute quantization parameter value minus 4, and the attribute quantization parameter value may be determined based on a value of the second syntax element plus 4. This signaling approach can reduce the number of bits required to represent the QP value. It should be understood that the specific values recited herein are intended to be examples rather than limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
[0089] In some cases, at least one of the first parameter or the second parameter may be derived. For example, the first parameter may be determined based on the second parameter. Alternatively, the second parameter may be determined based on the first parameter. In one example, if C is signaled, D may be derived as D = C / 10. In another example, D may be a fixed value and C may be derived based on the attribute type. It should be understood that the above examples are described merely for purpose of description. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
[0090] Alternatively or in addition, in some cases, at least one of the first parameter or the second parameter may be indicated in the bitstream. This provides maximum flexibility for the encoder to optimize the lambda value computation for different content.
[0091] In some cases, the reference attribute may be specified by a reference attribute index. The reference attribute index may identify which attribute is used as for coding the current attribute. For example, if a point cloud has color and reflectance attributes, the reference attribute index may indicate that color is used as the reference when coding reflectance, or vice versa.
[0092] In some examples, values of the one or more parameters may be selected based on the reference attribute index. This allows different parameter values to be used depending on which attribute is serving as the reference. For each of the one or more parameters, there may be one signaled value for the reference attribute. Alternatively or in addition, the reference attribute index may be used to select a value from a plurality of values signaled for each of the one or more parameters.
[0093] The use of the reference attribute index to select parameter values provides the benefit of enabling attribute-specific optimization of the cross-attribute prediction process. Different attributes may have different characteristics and correlations, and using attribute-specific parameters can improve prediction accuracy.
[0094] In some cases, the current attribute may be specified by a current attribute index. The current attribute index identifies which attribute is currently being coded. In some examples, values of the one or more parameters may be selected based on the current attribute index. For each of the one or more parameters, there may be one signaled value for the current attribute. The current attribute index may be used to select a value from a plurality of values signaled for each of the one or more parameters. For example, the current attribute index may be used to activate an attribute parameter set (APS) that contains the parameter values for coding the current attribute.
[0095] The use of the current attribute index to select parameter values provides the benefit of enabling content-adaptive coding for each attribute. Different attributes may require different parameter settings for optimal coding efficiency, and the current attribute index provides a mechanism to select the appropriate parameters.
[0096] In some cases, whether to and / or how to apply the above-described method may be indicated in one of the following: the bitstream, a frame, a tile, a slice or an octree. This provides flexibility in controlling the application of the proposed solutions at different granularities.
[0097] Alternatively or in addition, in some cases, whether to and / or how to apply the above-described method may be dependent on coded information associated with the current PC sample. For example, the coded information may comprise dimension, color format, color component, slice type picture type, and / or the like. This allows the method to be automatically enabled or configured based on the characteristics of the content being coded.
[0098] According to further cases of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.
[0099] According to still further cases of the present disclosure, a method for storing bitstream of a point cloud sequence is provided. The method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0100] According to still further cases of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program for performing any of the above-described methods when the computer program runs on a computer.
[0101] According to still further cases of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform any of the above-described methods.
[0102] In view of the above, the solutions in accordance with some cases of the present disclosure can advantageously improve coding efficiency and coding quality.
[0103] It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the operations of the methods disclosed herein are not necessarily presented in any particular order and that performance of some or all of the operations in an alternative order (s) is possible and is contemplated. The operations have been presented in the demonstrated order for ease of description and illustration. Operations may be added, omitted, performed together, and / or performed simultaneously, without departing from the scope of the appended claims. It should also be understood that the illustrated methods may end at any time and need not be performed in their entireties.
[0104] Although the methods and cases of the present disclosure have been described separately above, it should be understood that these features may be combined in any suitable manner without conflict. For example, features described in connection with one case may be combined with features described in connection with another case, unless such combination would result in a contradiction or would be technically infeasible.
[0105] Implementations of the present disclosure can be described in view of the following clauses, the features of which can be combined in any reasonable manner.
[0106] Clause 1. A method for point cloud processing, comprising: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.
[0107] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein performing the conversion comprises: determining a prediction of the current attribute based on a reference attribute of current PC sample by using the one or more parameters, the reference attribute being different from the current attribute; and performing the conversion based on the prediction of the current attribute.
[0108] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1-2, wherein the one or more parameters comprise the number of shift bits used in the cross-attribute prediction in a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) block of the current PC sample, and the bitstream comprises a first set of syntax elements indicating the number of shift bits.
[0109] Clause 4. The method of clause 3, wherein the number of shift bits indicated by the first set of syntax elements is used to determine a scaling factor for a prediction weight used in RAHT intra prediction.
[0110] Clause 5. The method of clause 4, wherein the scaling factor is derived based on normalized DC values of a primary attribute component of a reference attribute for the current attribute.
[0111] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein for a child block to be predicted, the scaling factor is determined based on a difference between a normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the child block and a normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of a reference block used in the RAHT intra prediction.
[0112] Clause 7. The method of clause 6, wherein the scaling factor is determined as follows: scale : = (diff < childRef << A) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << B) ? 2 : 1, diff : = Abs (neighRef -childRef) << 3, wherein scale represents the scaling factor, childRef represents the normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the child block, neighRef represents the normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the reference block, A represents a first number of shift bits, and B represents a second number of shift bits.
[0113] Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein at least one of the first number of shift bits or the second number of shift bits is indicated by the first set of syntax elements.
[0114] Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 7-8, wherein at least one of the first number of shift bits or the second number of shift bits is derived.
[0115] Clause 10. The method of clause 9, wherein the first number of shift bits is derived based on the second number of shift bits, or the second number of shift bits is derived based on the first number of shift bits.
[0116] Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1-10, wherein the bitstream comprises a second set of syntax elements indicating at least one parameter used in the cross-attribute prediction for levels of detail (LOD) based attribute coding.
[0117] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein the at least one parameter is used to determine an overall distance between a predictor and a current point.
[0118] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein the overall distance is determined based on an attribute weight.
[0119] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, wherein the attribute weight is determined based on a lambda value.
[0120] Clause 15. The method of clause 14, wherein the at least one parameter comprises the lambda value, and at least one parameter comprise a first syntax element indicating the lambda value used to derive the attribute weight in the overall distance in the cross-attribute prediction.
[0121] Clause 16. The method of clause 14, wherein the lambda value is determined based on an attribute quantization parameter value, a first parameter and a second parameter.
[0122] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein the lambda value is determined as follows: lambda = (C –D × (QP) ) , wherein lambda represents the lambda value, QP represents the attribute quantization parameter value, C represents the first parameter and D represents the second parameter.
[0123] Clause 18. The method of any of clauses 16-17, wherein the bitstream comprises a second syntax element indicating the attribute quantization parameter value minus 4, and the attribute quantization parameter value is determined based on a value of the second syntax element plus 4.
[0124] Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 16-18, wherein at least one of the first parameter or the second parameter is derived.
[0125] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein the first parameter is determined based on the second parameter, or the second parameter is determined based on the first parameter.
[0126] Clause 21. The method of any of clauses 16-20, wherein at least one of the first parameter or the second parameter is indicated in the bitstream.
[0127] Clause 22. The method of any of clauses 2-21, wherein the reference attribute is specified by a reference attribute index.
[0128] Clause 23. The method of clause 22, wherein values of the one or more parameters are selected based on the reference attribute index.
[0129] Clause 24. The method of clause 23, wherein for each of the one or more parameters, there is one signaled value for the reference attribute.
[0130] Clause 25. The method of clause 23, wherein the reference attribute index is used to select a value from a plurality of values signaled for each of the one or more parameters.
[0131] Clause 26. The method of any of clauses 1-25, wherein the current attribute is specified by a current attribute index.
[0132] Clause 27. The method of clause 26, wherein values of the one or more parameters are selected based on the current attribute index.
[0133] Clause 28. The method of clause 27, wherein for each of the one or more parameters, there is one signaled value for the current attribute.
[0134] Clause 29. The method of any of clauses 26-28, wherein the current attribute index is used to select a value from a plurality of values signaled for each of the one or more parameters.
[0135] Clause 30. The method of any of clauses 1-29, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in one of the following: the bitstream, a frame, a tile, a slice or an octree.
[0136] Clause 31. The method of any of clauses 1-29, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is dependent on coded information associated with the current PC sample, and the coded information comprises at least one of the following: dimension, color format, color component, slice type or picture type.
[0137] Clause 32. The method of any of clauses 1-31, wherein a PC sample is one of the following: a frame, a picture, a slice, a sub-frame, a sub-picture, a tile, or a segment.
[0138] Clause 33. The method of any of clauses 1-32, wherein the conversion comprises encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream.
[0139] Clause 34. The method of any of clauses 1-32, wherein the conversion comprises: decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0140] Clause 35. The method of any of clauses 1-32, wherein the conversion comprises: generating the bitstream from the point cloud sequence, and the method further comprises: storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0141] Clause 36. An apparatus for processing point cloud data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-35.
[0142] Clause 37. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-35.
[0143] Clause 38. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.
[0144] Clause 39. A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising: performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0145] Clause 40. A computer program for performing a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-35 when the computer program runs on a computer.
[0146] Clause 41. A computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-35. Example Device
[0147] Fig. 5 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device 500 in which various cases of the present disclosure can be implemented. The computing device 500 may be implemented as or included in the source device 110 (or the GPCC encoder 116 or 200) or the destination device 120 (or the GPCC decoder 126 or 300) .
[0148] It would be appreciated that the computing device 500 shown in Fig. 5 is merely for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation to the functions and scopes of the cases of the present disclosure in any manner.
[0149] As shown in Fig. 5, the computing device 500 includes a general-purpose computing device 500. The computing device 500 may at least comprise one or more processors or processing units 510, a memory 520, a storage unit 530, one or more communication units 540, one or more input devices 550, and one or more output devices 560.
[0150] In some cases, the computing device 500 may be implemented as any user terminal or server terminal having the computing capability. The server terminal may be a server, a large-scale computing device or the like that is provided by a service provider. The user terminal may for example be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal, or portable terminal, including a mobile phone, station, unit, device, multimedia computer, multimedia tablet, Internet node, communicator, desktop computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, personal communication system (PCS) device, personal navigation device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , audio / video player, digital camera / video camera, positioning device, television receiver, radio broadcast receiver, E-book device, gaming device, or any combination thereof, including the accessories and peripherals of these devices, or any combination thereof. It would be contemplated that the computing device 500 can support any type of interface to a user (such as “wearable” circuitry and the like) .
[0151] The processing unit 510 may be a physical or virtual processor and can implement various processes based on programs stored in the memory 520. In a multi-processor system, multiple processing units execute computer executable instructions in parallel so as to improve the parallel processing capability of the computing device 500. The processing unit 510 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) , a microprocessor, a controller or a microcontroller.
[0152] The computing device 500 typically includes various computer storage medium. Such medium can be any medium accessible by the computing device 500, including, but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile medium, or detachable and non-detachable medium. The memory 520 can be a volatile memory (for example, a register, cache, Random Access Memory (RAM) ) , a non-volatile memory (such as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , or a flash memory) , or any combination thereof. The storage unit 530 may be any detachable or non-detachable medium and may include a machine-readable medium such as a memory, flash memory drive, magnetic disk or another other media, which can be used for storing information and / or data and can be accessed in the computing device 500.
[0153] The computing device 500 may further include additional detachable / non-detachable, volatile / non-volatile memory medium. Although not shown in Fig. 5, it is possible to provide a magnetic disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable and non-volatile magnetic disk and an optical disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable non-volatile optical disk. In such cases, each drive may be connected to a bus (not shown) via one or more data medium interfaces.
[0154] The communication unit 540 communicates with a further computing device via the communication medium. In addition, the functions of the components in the computing device 500 can be implemented by a single computing cluster or multiple computing machines that can communicate via communication connections. Therefore, the computing device 500 can operate in a networked environment using a logical connection with one or more other servers, networked personal computers (PCs) or further general network nodes.
[0155] The input device 550 may be one or more of a variety of input devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, tracking ball, voice-input device, and the like. The output device 560 may be one or more of a variety of output devices, such as a display, loudspeaker, printer, and the like. By means of the communication unit 540, the computing device 500 can further communicate with one or more external devices (not shown) such as the storage devices and display device, with one or more devices enabling the user to interact with the computing device 500, or any devices (such as a network card, a modem and the like) enabling the computing device 500 to communicate with one or more other computing devices, if required. Such communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interfaces (not shown) .
[0156] In some cases, instead of being integrated in a single device, some or all components of the computing device 500 may also be arranged in cloud computing architecture. In the cloud computing architecture, the components may be provided remotely and work together to implement the functionalities described in the present disclosure. In some cases, cloud computing provides computing, software, data access and storage service, which will not require end users to be aware of the physical locations or configurations of the systems or hardware providing these services. In various cases, the cloud computing provides the services via a wide area network (such as Internet) using suitable protocols. For example, a cloud computing provider provides applications over the wide area network, which can be accessed through a web browser or any other computing components. The software or components of the cloud computing architecture and corresponding data may be stored on a server at a remote position. The computing resources in the cloud computing environment may be merged or distributed at locations in a remote data center. Cloud computing infrastructures may provide the services through a shared data center, though they behave as a single access point for the users. Therefore, the cloud computing architectures may be used to provide the components and functionalities described herein from a service provider at a remote location. Alternatively, they may be provided from a conventional server or installed directly or otherwise on a client device.
[0157] The computing device 500 may be used to implement point cloud encoding / decoding in cases of the present disclosure. The memory 520 may include one or more point cloud coding modules 525 having one or more program instructions. These modules are accessible and executable by the processing unit 510 to perform the functionalities of the various cases described herein.
[0158] In the example cases of performing point cloud encoding, the input device 550 may receive point cloud data as an input 570 to be encoded. The point cloud data may be processed, for example, by the point cloud coding module 525, to generate an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may be provided via the output device 560 as an output 580.
[0159] In the example cases of performing point cloud decoding, the input device 550 may receive an encoded bitstream as the input 570. The encoded bitstream may be processed, for example, by the point cloud coding module 525, to generate decoded point cloud data. The decoded point cloud data may be provided via the output device 560 as the output 580.
[0160] While this disclosure has been particularly shown and described with references to example cases thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. Such variations are intended to be covered by the scope of this present application. As such, the foregoing description of cases of the present application is not intended to be limiting.
Claims
A method for point cloud processing, comprising:performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.The method of claim 1, wherein performing the conversion comprises:determining a prediction of the current attribute based on a reference attribute of current PC sample by using the one or more parameters, the reference attribute being different from the current attribute; andperforming the conversion based on the prediction of the current attribute.The method of any of claims 1-2, wherein the one or more parameters comprise the number of shift bits used in the cross-attribute prediction in a region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) block of the current PC sample, and the bitstream comprises a first set of syntax elements indicating the number of shift bits.The method of claim 3, wherein the number of shift bits indicated by the first set of syntax elements is used to determine a scaling factor for a prediction weight used in RAHT intra prediction.The method of claim 4, wherein the scaling factor is derived based on normalized DC values of a primary attribute component of a reference attribute for the current attribute.The method of claim 5, wherein for a child block to be predicted, the scaling factor is determined based on a difference between a normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the child block and a normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of a reference block used in the RAHT intra prediction.The method of claim 6, wherein the scaling factor is determined as follows:scale : = (diff < childRef << A) ? 4 : (diff < childRef << B) ? 2 : 1,diff : = Abs (neighRef -childRef) << 3wherein scale represents the scaling factor, childRef represents the normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the child block, neighRef represents the normalized DC value of the primary attribute component of the reference attribute of the reference block, A represents a first number of shift bits, and B represents a second number of shift bits.The method of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first number of shift bits or the second number of shift bits is indicated by the first set of syntax elements.The method of any of claims 7-8, wherein at least one of the first number of shift bits or the second number of shift bits is derived.The method of claim 9, wherein the first number of shift bits is derived based on the second number of shift bits, or the second number of shift bits is derived based on the first number of shift bits.The method of any of claims 1-10, wherein the bitstream comprises a second set of syntax elements indicating at least one parameter used in the cross-attribute prediction for levels of detail (LOD) based attribute coding.The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one parameter is used to determine an overall distance between a predictor and a current point.The method of claim 12, wherein the overall distance is determined based on an attribute weight.The method of claim 13, wherein the attribute weight is determined based on a lambda value.The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one parameter comprises the lambda value, and at least one parameter comprise a first syntax element indicating the lambda value used to derive the attribute weight in the overall distance in the cross-attribute prediction.The method of claim 14, wherein the lambda value is determined based on an attribute quantization parameter value, a first parameter and a second parameter.The method of claim 16, wherein the lambda value is determined as follows:lambda = (C –D × (QP) ) ,wherein lambda represents the lambda value, QP represents the attribute quantization parameter value, C represents the first parameter and D represents the second parameter.The method of any of claims 16-17, wherein the bitstream comprises a second syntax element indicating the attribute quantization parameter value minus 4, and the attribute quantization parameter value is determined based on a value of the second syntax element plus 4.The method of any of claims 16-18, wherein at least one of the first parameter or the second parameter is derived.The method of claim 19, wherein the first parameter is determined based on the second parameter, or the second parameter is determined based on the first parameter.The method of any of claims 16-20, wherein at least one of the first parameter or the second parameter is indicated in the bitstream.The method of any of claims 2-21, wherein the reference attribute is specified by a reference attribute index.The method of claim 22, wherein values of the one or more parameters are selected based on the reference attribute index.The method of claim 23, wherein for each of the one or more parameters, there is one signaled value for the reference attribute.The method of claim 23, wherein the reference attribute index is used to select a value from a plurality of values signaled for each of the one or more parameters.The method of any of claims 1-25, wherein the current attribute is specified by a current attribute index.The method of claim 26, wherein values of the one or more parameters are selected based on the current attribute index.The method of claim 27, wherein for each of the one or more parameters, there is one signaled value for the current attribute.The method of any of claims 26-28, wherein the current attribute index is used to select a value from a plurality of values signaled for each of the one or more parameters.The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in one of the following: the bitstream, a frame, a tile, a slice or an octree.The method of any of claims 1-29, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is dependent on coded information associated with the current PC sample, and the coded information comprises at least one of the following: dimension, color format, color component, slice type or picture type.The method of any of claims 1-31, wherein a PC sample is one of the following: a frame, a picture, a slice, a sub-frame, a sub-picture, a tile, or a segment.The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein the conversion comprises encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream.The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein the conversion comprises: decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.The method of any of claims 1-32, wherein the conversion comprises: generating the bitstream from the point cloud sequence, andthe method further comprises: storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.An apparatus for processing point cloud data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-35.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-35.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises:performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream.A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising:performing a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, wherein one or more parameters for coding a current attribute of the current PC sample with cross-attribute prediction are indicated in the bitstream; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.A computer program for performing a method in accordance with any of claims 1-35 when the computer program runs on a computer.A computer program product tangibly stored in a computer storage medium and comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-35.