Polyphenylene sulfide composite material and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composite material, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 49-91 parts of a PPS resin, 10-50 parts of a glass fiber, and 1-5 parts of a silane compound, wherein the PPS resin has a sodium ion content greater than 1,100 ppm, and a weight average molecular weight of 43,000-62,000. In the present application, specific contents of glass fibers and silane compounds are added to PPS, and the sodium ion content and weight average molecular weight of PPS are controlled within specific ranges, so as to ensure that the obtained PPS composite material has a strong laser welding capability, and is suitable as a material requiring welding in products such as automobiles, aerospace equipment, and mobile electronic devices.

Description

A polyphenylene sulfide composite material, its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of polymer materials, specifically to a polyphenylene sulfide composite material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin is a semi-crystalline polymer with a symmetrical and regular molecular backbone consisting of alternating benzene rings and sulfur atoms. Due to its inherent crystallinity, PPS has low laser transmittance and poor laser welding ability, making it difficult to use for laser welding in practical applications. Furthermore, pure PPS resin has poor toughness and low strength, making it unsuitable for direct use. Therefore, PPS materials are physically modified by adding glass fibers, etc. However, glass fibers act as nucleating agents, further promoting PPS crystallization and reducing laser transmittance.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a glass fiber reinforced PPS composite material with good laser welding capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a polyphenylene sulfide composite material, its preparation method and application. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide composite material has high laser transmittance, high laser welding strength and strong laser welding capability.

[0005] A polyphenylene sulfide composite material is provided, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0006] 49–91 parts of polyphenylene sulfide resin

[0007] 10-50 parts glass fiber

[0008] 1 to 5 parts of silane compound;

[0009] The polyphenylene sulfide resin meets the following requirements: sodium ion content > 1100 ppm, and weight-average molecular weight of 43000-62000.

[0010] In some embodiments, the sodium ion content in the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 1110 to 2000 ppm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the glass fiber is at least one of round glass fiber and flat glass fiber.

[0012] In some embodiments, the glass fiber is a circular glass fiber.

[0013] In some implementations, at least one of the following conditions is met:

[0014] (1) The average diameter of the circular glass fiber is 9-14 μm and the average length is 2-5 mm;

[0015] (2) The flat glass fiber has an average flatness ratio of 3 to 4, an average cross-sectional long side length of 15 to 30 μm, an average cross-sectional short side length of 4 to 8 μm, and an average length of 2 to 4 mm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the silane compound includes at least one of aminosilane compounds, epoxysilane compounds, and vinylsilane compounds.

[0017] A method for preparing the polyphenylene sulfide composite material described above is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0018] The raw materials, excluding glass fiber, are mixed and dispersed to obtain a premix;

[0019] The premixed material is fed into the main feed port of the screw extruder, and the glass fiber is fed into the side feed port of the screw extruder. The mixture is melt-extruded and granulated to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide composite material.

[0020] In some embodiments, the screw extruder is a twin-screw extruder with a length-to-diameter ratio of 40 to 48:1, a barrel temperature of 240 to 350°C, a screw speed of 200 to 550 rpm, and a die temperature of 230 to 280°C.

[0021] The application of the aforementioned polyphenylene sulfide composite material in the field of laser welding is provided.

[0022] The application of the aforementioned polyphenylene sulfide composite material in automotive, aerospace, or mobile electronic devices is provided.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: by adding a specific amount of glass fiber and silane compound to PPS and controlling the sodium ion content and weight-average molecular weight of PPS within a specific range, this application ensures that the obtained polyphenylene sulfide composite material has strong laser welding capability and is suitable for use in products such as automobiles, aerospace, and mobile electronic devices. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In a first aspect, this application provides a polyphenylene sulfide composite material comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0025] 49–91 parts of polyphenylene sulfide resin

[0026] 10-50 parts glass fiber

[0027] 1 to 5 parts of silane compound;

[0028] The polyphenylene sulfide resin meets the following requirements: sodium ion content > 1100 ppm, and weight-average molecular weight of 43000-62000.

[0029] The inventors discovered that the sodium ion content of PPS affects its crystallization rate, thus influencing the material's laser transmittance and welding performance. When the sodium ion content of PPS is too low, the crystallization rate is too fast, resulting in low laser transmittance, making welding impossible or resulting in low weld strength. Furthermore, the weight-average molecular weight of PPS itself affects laser transmittance. Adding silane compounds can improve the compatibility between glass fiber and PPS, thereby improving laser welding performance. This application's polyphenylene sulfide composite material, by controlling the sodium ion content and weight-average molecular weight of PPS within a specific range and adding specific amounts of glass fiber and silane compounds, exhibits strong laser welding capabilities, such as high laser transmittance and high laser welding strength.

[0030] The polyphenylene sulfide resin is present in the range of 49 to 91 parts by weight, such as 49 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, 91 parts by weight, or any two of the above values. In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide resin has a weight percentage of 40% or more in the polyphenylene sulfide composite material, such as 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 89.2%, or any two of the above values.

[0031] The glass fiber is 10 to 50 parts by weight, such as 10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, or any two of the above values ​​forming a range.

[0032] In some embodiments, the sum of the mass percentages of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and the glass fiber in the polyphenylene sulfide composite material is 90% or more, such as any two values ​​within the range formed by 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more.

[0033] The silane compound is 1 to 5 parts by weight, such as 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight, or any two of the above values ​​forming a range.

[0034] The sodium ion content of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is >1100 ppm, such as 1110 ppm, 1120 ppm, 1130 ppm, 1140 ppm, 1150 ppm, 1160 ppm, 1170 ppm, 1180 ppm, 1190 ppm, 1200 ppm, 1300 ppm, 1400 ppm, 1500 ppm, 1600 ppm, 1700 ppm, 1800 ppm, 1900 ppm, 2000 ppm, or any two of the above values ​​within a range. In some embodiments, the sodium ion content in the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 1110–2000 ppm to achieve higher laser transmittance and better laser welding performance in the composite material.

[0035] The sodium ion content of the polyphenylene sulfide resin can be determined using conventional methods in the art, such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), oxygen bomb combustion ion chromatography, or flame atomic absorption spectrometry. It should be noted that the PPS can be pretreated before measurement to break the phenylene sulfide bonds and release sodium ions; pretreatment methods include at least one of microwave digestion, oxygen bomb combustion, and dry ashing. In some embodiments, ICP-AES is used for measurement; for example, a PPS sample is taken and pretreated by high-temperature calcination or other methods (such as microwave digestion or oxygen bomb combustion); the pretreated sample is dissolved in an acidic solution; and the sodium ion content in the solution is determined using an ICP-AES spectrometer. In some embodiments, the sodium ion content of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is determined according to the test method in GB / T23942-2009, specifically as follows: 0.1g of PPS is calcined at 700℃ for 1h to obtain the calcined sample, which is then dissolved in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution (HCl mass percentage is 6%), and the solution is brought to a final volume of 50mL with the same hydrochloric acid solution. The sodium ion content in the solution is tested using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (Agilent 710), with the plasma power set to 1300W, cooling gas flow rate to 12L / min, auxiliary gas flow rate to 0.8L / min, atomizing gas flow rate to 0.8L / min, and additional gas flow rate to 0L / min. The sodium ion content of PPS is then calculated.

[0036] The weight-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 43,000-62,000, such as 43,000, 44,000, 45,000, 46,000, 47,000, 48,000, 49,000, 50,000, 51,000, 52,000, 53,000, 54,000, 55,000, 56,000, 57,000, 58,000, 59,000, 60,000, 61,000, 62,000, or any two of the above values ​​forming a range.

[0037] The weight-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin was determined using a gel permeation chromatography system (e.g., Waters ACQUITY APC), with polystyrene as the standard. The mobile phase was 1-chloronaphthalene, the column temperature was 220℃, the flow rate was 1 mL / min, and the detector was a refractive index detector.

[0038] The polyphenylene sulfide resin can be purchased or made in-house.

[0039] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the polyphenylene sulfide resin includes the following steps: adding sodium sulfide and p-dichlorobenzene to NMP solvent at a mass ratio of (1.05-1.2):1, then adding a catalyst, and carrying out a first reaction at 180-220°C for 2-4 hours, then raising the temperature to 240-270°C for a second reaction for 40-60 hours, washing with an NMP-ethylene glycol mixture, washing with water, and drying to obtain the polyphenylene sulfide resin.

[0040] In some embodiments, the sample is sieved after the second reaction is completed.

[0041] In some embodiments, the catalyst is selected from at least one of sodium phosphate and lithium carbonate.

[0042] The weight-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is affected by factors such as the temperature and time of the two reactions, whether sieving is performed after the second reaction, and the size of the sieve mesh used; the sodium ion content is affected by factors such as the number of water washes, the washing time, the amount of water used for washing, and the type of catalyst. To obtain the polyphenylene sulfide resin with the specific weight-average molecular weight defined in this application, those skilled in the art can routinely adjust the various influencing factors. Those skilled in the art can also use other common methods to prepare the resin or purchase commercially available products to obtain the polyphenylene sulfide resin with the specific sodium ion content and weight-average molecular weight described in this application.

[0043] In some embodiments, the glass fiber is at least one of round glass fiber and flat glass fiber. In some embodiments, the glass fiber is round glass fiber. Compared with adding flat glass fiber, adding round glass fiber can enable the composite material to achieve similar laser welding performance while having better mechanical properties (such as higher tensile strength) and lower cost, resulting in a higher cost-performance ratio.

[0044] In some embodiments, the average diameter of the circular glass fiber is 9–14 μm, and the average length is 2–5 mm. For example, the average diameter of the circular glass fiber is within the range formed by any two of the values ​​9 μm, 10 μm, 11 μm, 12 μm, 13 μm, 14 μm, or more; and the average length is within the range formed by any two of the values ​​2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, or more.

[0045] It is understood that the average diameter and average length of the circular glass fibers can be obtained using conventional methods in the art. For example, they can be obtained by observing the glass fiber sample using a scanning electron microscope, measuring the dimensions of multiple (e.g., 300) glass fibers, and taking the average value.

[0046] In some embodiments, the flat glass fiber has an average aspect ratio of 3 to 4, an average long side length of 15 to 30 μm, an average short side length of 4 to 8 μm, and an average length of 2 to 4 mm. The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the long side length to the short side length of the flat glass fiber's cross-section.

[0047] For example, the average flatness ratio of the flat glass fiber is within the range formed by any two values ​​of 3, 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4 or above; the average long side length of the cross-section is within the range formed by any two values ​​of 15μm, 17μm, 20μm, 22μm, 25μm, 28μm, 30μm or above; the average short side length of the cross-section is within the range formed by any two values ​​of 4μm, 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm or above; and the average length is within the range formed by any two values ​​of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm or above.

[0048] It is understood that the average aspect ratio, average long side length, average short side length, and average length of the flat glass fiber can be obtained using conventional methods in the art. For example, they can be obtained by observing the glass fiber sample using a scanning electron microscope, measuring the dimensions of multiple (e.g., 300) glass fibers, and taking the average value.

[0049] In some embodiments, the silane compound includes at least one selected from aminosilane compounds, epoxysilane compounds, and vinylsilane compounds. Exemplarily, the aminosilane compound includes at least one selected from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane; exemplarily, the epoxysilane compound includes at least one selected from 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltriethoxysilane, and 3-[(2,3)- At least one of [2,3-epoxypropoxy]propylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexane)ethyltrimethoxysilane; exemplary, vinyl silane compounds include at least one of vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltriethoxysilane.

[0050] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composite material may further comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0 to 6 parts of additives. The additives may include at least one of antioxidants, lubricants, and toughening agents.

[0051] For example, the antioxidant includes at least one of p-phenylenediamines, diaryl secondary amines, hindered phenols, phosphites, and organosulfur compounds.

[0052] For example, the lubricant includes at least one of silicone powder, stearate, amide, and fatty ester.

[0053] For example, the toughening agent includes at least one of ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-ethylene / butene-styrene block copolymer, and glycidyl methacrylate graft.

[0054] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing the polyphenylene sulfide composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0055] The raw materials, excluding glass fiber, are mixed and dispersed to obtain a premix;

[0056] The premixed material is fed into the main feed port of the screw extruder, and the glass fiber is fed into the side feed port of the screw extruder. The mixture is melt-extruded and granulated to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide composite material.

[0057] In some embodiments, the screw extruder is a single-screw extruder or a twin-screw extruder.

[0058] In some embodiments, the screw extruder is a twin-screw extruder with a length-to-diameter ratio of 40 to 48:1, a barrel temperature of 240 to 350°C, a screw speed of 200 to 550 rpm, and a die temperature of 230 to 280°C.

[0059] It is understood that the inventive point of this application lies in the components of the polyphenylene ether composite material. No particular limitation is made to the preparation method; other methods can also be used to prepare it.

[0060] Thirdly, this application also provides the application of the aforementioned polyphenylene sulfide composite material in the field of laser welding.

[0061] Fourthly, this application also provides the application of the aforementioned polyphenylene sulfide composite material in automobiles, aerospace, or mobile electronic devices. The polyphenylene sulfide composite material can be used as a material for components in automobiles, aerospace, and mobile electronic devices, especially for components that are difficult to connect using conventional connection methods due to limitations in shape and / or size, such as battery casings and gearbox gears in automobiles, fuel tanks and fuel lines in aerospace equipment, precision sensors, microelectronic components, and internal supports in mobile electronic devices.

[0062] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composite material can be prepared (or derived from, or formed) into components for automobiles, aerospace, mobile electronic devices, etc., by conventional processes, including but not limited to molding, such as injection molding, compression molding, blow molding; extrusion, such as sheet extrusion, film extrusion; thermoforming; and at least one of vacuum forming.

[0063] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composite material undergoes no chemical change during the preparation (or derivation, or formation) of components in automobiles, aerospace, mobile electronic devices, etc. (i.e., the components in automobiles, aerospace, mobile electronic devices, etc., include the polyphenylene sulfide composite material). In some embodiments, a component in automobiles, aerospace, mobile electronic devices, etc., is provided, which includes the polyphenylene sulfide composite material.

[0064] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of this application, the following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments and comparative examples, aims to provide a detailed understanding of the content of this application, rather than limiting it. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the protection scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental reagents and instruments involved in the implementation of this application are commonly used reagents and instruments. In this application, the technical features described in an open-ended manner include both closed-ended technical solutions composed of the listed features and open-ended technical solutions that include the listed features.

[0065] The following examples and comparative examples all provide a polyphenylene sulfide composite material. The raw material information is shown in Table 1, and unless otherwise specified, all raw materials are commercially available. Furthermore, the component raw materials used in each parallel experiment were the same. The formulations of these polyphenylene sulfide composite materials are shown in Table 2, and their preparation methods include the following steps:

[0066] The raw materials, excluding glass fiber, are mixed and dispersed to obtain a premix;

[0067] The obtained premix is ​​fed into the main feed port of the twin-screw extruder, and the glass fiber is fed into the side feed port of the twin-screw extruder. The mixture is melt-extruded and granulated to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide composite material.

[0068] The twin-screw extruder has a screw length-to-diameter ratio of 48:1, a screw speed of 300 r / min, a melt extrusion temperature of 270℃, and a die temperature of 250℃.

[0069] Table 1

[0070] PPS1 to PPS7 were prepared using the following methods:

[0071] Industrial-grade sodium sulfide and p-dichlorobenzene were added to NMP solvent at a mass ratio of (1.05-1.2):1. Sodium phosphate or lithium carbonate was then added as a catalyst. The first reaction was carried out at 180-220℃ for 2-4 hours. The temperature was then increased to 240-270℃ for a second reaction for 40-60 hours. The mixture was sieved, washed once with an NMP-ethylene glycol mixture, and then washed 2-3 times with water for 5 minutes each time. Finally, it was vacuum dried at 100℃ to obtain the corresponding PPS.

[0072] The weight-average molecular weight and sodium ion content of PPS can be controlled by adjusting the temperature and time of the second reaction, whether to sieve after the second reaction, the size of the sieve mesh, the type of catalyst used, and the number of water washes, so as to obtain PPS1 to 7.

[0073] Table 2

[0074] The following performance tests were performed on the polyphenylene sulfide composite materials of the above embodiments and comparative examples:

[0075] Crystallization rate: DSC was used for testing. The instrument used was a differential scanning calorimeter (200F3 model, NETZCH, Germany). The melting temperature was 350℃, the cooling rate was 10℃ / min, and the crystallization temperature was measured. ΔT was calculated using the following formula: melting point - crystallization temperature. ΔT is used to reflect the crystallization rate. The larger the ΔT, the slower the crystallization rate.

[0076] Laser transmittance: Polyphenylene sulfide composite material was injection molded into 50mm×50mm×2mm strips, and the laser transmittance at 940nm was measured using a spectrophotometer (Hangzhou Yuanfang Optoelectronic SPM-28160).

[0077] Laser welding strength: Polyphenylene sulfide composite material was injection molded into a 125mm×13mm×2mm sample (i.e., laser-transmitting sample). At the same time, polyphenylene sulfide composite material and carbon black were mixed at a mass ratio of 99.5:0.5 and injection molded into a 125mm×13mm×2mm sample (i.e., laser-absorbing sample). The laser-transmitting and laser-absorbing samples were stacked and placed in a plastic material laser welding system (Han's Laser, model WFD120 W-PCTS333SP) for laser welding. The welding conditions were as follows: diode laser (wavelength 940nm), laser radius 200μm, welding power 80W, welding speed 1000mm / s, welding length 125mm×3 passes (in order to reduce error, 3 non-overlapping independent welds were performed, each weld pass was parallel and spaced 6mm apart), and pneumatic clamping device pressure 0.5MPa. After the laser-welded specimen was placed in an environment of 50% relative humidity and 23±2℃ for 4 hours, a tensile test was performed using a tensile testing machine (Zwick / Roell Z010). Both ends were clamped along the long axis of the welded specimen with a span of 120mm and a tensile speed of 10mm / min. The weld strength was the maximum load of the tensile testing machine at the time of fracture.

[0078] The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0079] Table 3

[0080] As can be seen from the above data, the polyphenylene sulfide composite materials in the various embodiments of this application have excellent laser welding performance, such as a 940nm laser transmittance of more than 25%, a laser welding strength of more than 625N, and a ΔT of more than 70°C.

[0081] Compared with Examples 1 and 4-6, Comparative Example 1 has a low sodium ion content in PPS, resulting in a low ΔT and low 940nm laser transmittance, making laser welding impossible. Comparative Example 2 has a low weight-average molecular weight in PPS, resulting in a low ΔT and low 940nm laser transmittance, making laser welding impossible. In Comparative Example 3, the weight-average molecular weight of PPS is relatively large, resulting in a low end-group content. In addition, the low sodium ion content leads to a low ΔT, low 940nm laser transmittance, and low laser welding strength.

[0082] As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1 and 7-8, compared with flat glass fibers, using round glass fibers can achieve similar laser welding performance while having lower cost and better mechanical properties such as tensile strength.

[0083] As can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1, 7-8 and Comparative Examples 4-5, compared with not adding silane compounds or replacing silane compounds with other compatibilizers, adding silane compounds can make the laser transmittance of the material higher and the laser welding strength stronger.

[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this application without departing from the substance and scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A polyphenylene sulfide composite material, characterized in that, It contains the following components by weight: 49–91 parts of polyphenylene sulfide resin 10-50 parts glass fiber 1 to 5 parts of silane compound; The polyphenylene sulfide resin meets the following requirements: sodium ion content > 1100 ppm, and weight-average molecular weight of 43000-62000.

2. The polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium ion content in the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 1110–2000 ppm.

3. The polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The glass fiber is at least one of round glass fiber and flat glass fiber.

4. The polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The glass fiber is a round glass fiber.

5. The polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in claim 3, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: (1) The average diameter of the circular glass fiber is 9-14 μm and the average length is 2-5 mm; (2) The flat glass fiber has an average flatness ratio of 3 to 4, an average cross-sectional long side length of 15 to 30 μm, an average cross-sectional short side length of 4 to 8 μm, and an average length of 2 to 4 mm.

6. The polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The silane compound includes at least one of aminosilane compounds, epoxysilane compounds, and vinylsilane compounds.

7. The method for preparing the polyphenylene sulfide composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The raw materials, excluding glass fiber, are mixed and dispersed to obtain a premix; The premixed material is fed into the main feed port of the screw extruder, and the glass fiber is fed into the side feed port of the screw extruder. The mixture is melt-extruded and granulated to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide composite material.

8. The method for preparing the polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The screw extruder is a twin-screw extruder with a length-to-diameter ratio of 40 to 48:1, a barrel temperature of 240 to 350°C, a screw speed of 200 to 550 rpm, and a die temperature of 230 to 280°C.

9. The application of the polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in the field of laser welding.

10. The application of the polyphenylene sulfide composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in automobiles, aerospace, or mobile electronic devices.

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