Methods of treating subjects having metabolic-associated steatohepatitis
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/085601
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-25
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Abstract
Description
METHODS OF TREATING SUBJECTS HAVING METABOLIC-ASSOCIATED STEATOHEPATITIS1. CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the priority benefit of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2025 / 084767, filed on March 25, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. 2. REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] The contents of the electronic sequence listing (701672002041SEQLIST. xml; Size: 3,328 bytes; and Date of Creation: March 19, 2026) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.3. Field
[0003] The present invention relates to medicine. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods of using Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the treatment of subjects having metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) .4. Background
[0004] Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) refers to chronic progressive liver disease caused by overnutrition and insulin resistance in genetically susceptible individuals. It encompasses a range of progressive pathological conditions, ranging from simple steatosis to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) , cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . MAFLD is one of the major liver diseases prevalent worldwide, with a global prevalence of approximately 37.8%in 2016, and has become the second leading cause of liver transplantation and the third leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. In China, MAFLD has surpassed viral hepatitis to become the number one liver disease, and according to the statistics of 2020, the prevalence of MAFLD in China is 29.2%, and the number of patients continues to grow.
[0005] MASH is a pathological state that is a further progression of MAFLD, and is characterized by excessive accumulation of triglycerides (steatosis) , hepatocyte inflammation, damage, and apoptosis. Continued development may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Due to its high prevalence and potential risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, it has become a major health concern worldwide. The prevalence of MASH has exceeded 40 percent in overweight and obese populations, and 31.6 percent in the group with type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes, including dietary control and moderate exercise, are the basic treatments for patients with MASH.
[0006] A recent modeling study projects that the incidence of MASH will increase by 63%, respectively, by 2030. Estes, Chris, et al. “Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease. ” Hepatology 67.1 (2018) : 123-133. As per the widely accepted “multi-hit hypothesis” , the initial strikes for developing MASH are fat accumulation and insulin resistance. This triggers inflammation and stress in the liver cells, which struggle to cope with the excess fat. The liver cell’s mitochondria are particularly vulnerable to damage. Chronic inflammation prompts specialized liver cells to produce scar tissue, leading to fibrosis of the liver. The fibrotic remodeling can progress from mild (stage F1) to cirrhosis (stage F4) if left unchecked. MASH is also a leading indication for liver transplantation, given its associated risk of progression to end-stage liver disease.
[0007] A key challenge in managing MASH is the lack of approved pharmacotherapy. To date, only one drug, Resmetirom, has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with MASH in stages F2-F3. In view of the high prevalence and incidence of MASH, the increasing burden of end-stage liver disease, and the limited supply of liver sources for organ transplantation, there is an urgent need to continue to explore and develop new drugs or treatments to slow, halt or reverse the progression of MASH to address the huge unmet medical needs.
[0008] As such, there remains significant unmet needs for safe and effective therapies for treatment of MASH. The compositions and methods provided herein meet these needs and provide relative advantages.1. Summary
[0009] Provided herein in one aspect are methods for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0010] Provided herein in another aspect are methods for preventing or delaying worsening of liver fibrosis in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0011] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the method comprises a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, and the second escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 52 weeks, e.g., at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, or at least 52 weeks. In some embodiments, maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 52 weeks.
[0012] Provided herein in another aspect are methods for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the method further comprises a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose of about 9 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 48 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 48 weeks.
[0013] Provided herein in another aspect are methods for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks.
[0014] Provided herein in another aspect are methods for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 52 weeks.
[0015] Provided herein in another aspect are methods for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks.
[0016] Provided herein in another aspect are methods for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 48 weeks.
[0017] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points, optionally wherein baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 points. In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower.
[0018] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject is at least 18 years old.
[0019] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject is a male. In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject is a female.
[0020] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject is Asian. In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the subject is Chinese.
[0021] In some embodiments according to any of the methods described above, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.2. Detailed Description
[0022] The present disclosure provides methods for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly. In one aspect, there is provided a method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 52 weeks) . In another aspect, there is provided a method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
[0023] Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, formerly known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH] ) refers to a MAFLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease) subtype characterized by development of steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. MASH captures the role of metabolic dysfunction in progressive disease. MAFLD is caused by buildup of fat in the liver, and this buildup causes inflammation and damage can lead to scarring of the liver. Unlike simple fatty liver, which involves the accumulation of fat in the liver without significant inflammation or damage, MASH can lead to severe scarring, liver failure, and even liver cancer. For most patients, MASH development is linked to metabolic syndrome, a group of conditions including high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels. Being overweight and having type 2 diabetes are also risk factors for MASH.
[0024] MASH can lead to several serious complications that significantly impact overall health. One of the primary concerns is liver fibrosis, which involves the scarring of liver tissue. Over time, fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, a condition where the liver is severely damaged and unable to function properly. This can result in liver failure, where the liver can no longer perform its essential functions, leading to a dangerous buildup of toxins in the blood. Additionally, individuals with MASH are at an increased risk of developing liver cancer, specifically hepatocellular carcinoma, which originates in the liver cells.
[0025] MASH is often referred to as a “silent” disease because many individuals may not experience noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms can become more pronounced. Common symptoms include fatigue, abdominal discomfort, unexplained weight loss, weakness, and jaundice.
[0026] There are several stages of MAFLD. The amount of scarring (fibrosis) in the liver is the main sign of how advanced the MAFLD is. ● Fatty liver (fibrosis stage 0) : There is a build-up of fat in the liver but it has not been damaged and there is no scarring. This can be fully reversed. ● MASH with mild fibrosis (fibrosis stage 0 or 1) : There is no or very little scarring. Healthy living can undo the damage and reverse MAFLD. ● MASH with moderate fibrosis (fibrosis stage 2) : Inflammation and damage have caused some scarring. the liver is probably still working well and the damage can mostly be repaired. ● MASH with advanced fibrosis (fibrosis stage 3) : There is extensive scarring. It is still possible to repair some damage. ● Cirrhosis (fibrosis stage 4) : There is so much scarring it changes the shape of the liver. Cirrhosis can lead to life-threatening conditions including liver cancer and liver failure.
[0027] Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Activity Score (NAS) may also be used to quantify the severity of MASH. Total NAS score represents the sum of scores for steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning, and ranges from 0-8. Diagnosis of MASH should be made first, then NAS is used to grade activity. In the reference study, NAS scores of 0-2 occurred in cases largely considered not diagnostic of NASH, scores of 3-4 were evenly divided among those considered not diagnostic, borderline, or positive for NASH. Scores of 5-8 occurred in cases that were largely considered diagnostic of NASH.
[0028] To date, there is only one FDA-approved drug to treat MASH. In March 2024, the FDA approved Resmetirom (Rezdiffra) to treat patients with non-cirrhotic MASH with moderate to advanced fibrosis (stage F2-F3 fibrosis) . Resmetirom is a partial agonist of THR-β that promotes lipophagy and hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby reducing liver fat. The phase 3 clinical trial showed modest efficacy of Resmetirom in treating MASH, with 25.9%of patients in the 80 mg Resmetirom arm and 29.9%of patients in the 100 mg Resmetirom arm achieving NASH resolution with no worsening of fibrosis, compared to 8.7%of patients in the placebo group achieving MASH resolution at the end of 52 weeks. The only alternative treatment options available for MASH patients are lifestyle and behavioral changes aimed at fat reduction.Oxyntomodulin (OXM) and Mazdutide
[0029] Oxyntomodulin (OXM) is a peptide hormone released by human intestinal L-cells following nutrient intake, which functions as a dual agonist for both the GLP-1R and GCGR receptors. This unique combination of GLP-1R and GCGR activation harnesses the thermogenic and lipolytic effects of glucagon while also benefiting from the gastric emptying-delaying properties of GLP-1. As such, these dual agonists not only promote significant weight loss but also counteract the glucose-raising effects of glucagon through the insulinotropic effects of GLP-1, thereby achieving effective glycemic control. In human studies, the in vivo administration of OXM significantly reduces body weight and appetite while increasing energy expenditure. Mazdutide is a long-acting synthetic peptide that closely resembles OXM. As an analog of OXM, Mazdutide acts by the simultaneous activation of GLP-1R and GCGR. The fatty acyl side chain on Mazdutide enables it to be administered once weekly (QW) , enhances convenience and compliance for patients.
[0030] Before the present disclosure is further described, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the particular embodiments set forth herein, and it is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to be limiting. Definitions
[0031] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in the present disclosures shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. Generally, nomenclatures used in connection with, and techniques of, cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization described herein are those well-known and commonly used in the art.
[0032] The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “an antibody, ” is understood to represent one or more antibodies.
[0033] The term “and / or” where used herein is to be taken as specific disclosure of each of the two specified features or components with or without the other. Thus, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include “A and B, ” “A or B, ” “A” (alone) , and B” (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following aspects: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0034] As used herein, the term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method being employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists among the study subjects. The term “about” encompasses the exact number recited. In some embodiments, “about” means within plus or minus 10%of a given value or range. In some embodiments, “about” means that the variation is ±5%, ±4%, ±3%, ±2%, ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of the value to which “about” refers. In some embodiments, “about” means that the variation is ±1%, ±0.5%, ±0.2%, or ±0.1%of the value to which “about” refers.
[0035] The terms “polypeptide, ” “peptide, ” “protein, ” and their grammatical equivalents as used interchangeably herein refer to polymers of amino acids of any length, which can be linear or branched. It can include unnatural or modified amino acids or be interrupted by non-amino acids. A polypeptide, peptide, or protein can also be modified with, for example, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, or any other manipulation or modification.
[0036] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to a substance (e.g., an active ingredient or an excipient) that is suitable for use in contact with the tissues and organs of a subject without excessive irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity and toxicity, is commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio, and is effective for its intended use. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to a material that is suitable for drug administration to a subject along with an active agent without causing undesirable biological effects or interacting in a deleterious manner with any of the other components of the pharmaceutical composition.
[0037] The term “treat” and its grammatical equivalents as used herein in connection with a disease or a condition, or a subject having a disease or a condition refer to an action that suppresses, eliminates, reduces, and / or ameliorates a symptom, the severity of the symptom, and / or the frequency of the symptom associated with the disease or disorder being treated.
[0038] The term “administer” and its grammatical equivalents as used herein refer to the act of delivering, or causing to be delivered, a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition to the body of a subject by a method described herein or otherwise known in the art. Administering a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition includes prescribing a therapeutic or a pharmaceutical composition to be delivered into the body of a subject. Exemplary forms of administration include oral dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions; injectable dosage forms, such as intravenous (IV) , intramuscular (IM) , or intraperitoneal (IP) ; transdermal dosage forms, including creams, jellies, powders, or patches; buccal dosage forms; inhalation powders, sprays, suspensions, and rectal suppositories.
[0039] The term “subject” as used herein refers to any animal (e.g., a mammal) , including, but not limited to, humans, non-human primates, canines, felines, rodents, and the like, which is to be the recipient of a particular treatment. A subject can be a human. A subject can have a particular disease or condition.
[0040] Ranges: throughout this disclosure, various aspects of the invention can be presented in a range format. The description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6 etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, and 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.
[0041] Exemplary genes and polypeptides are described herein with reference to GenBank numbers, GI numbers and / or SEQ ID NOs. It is understood that one skilled in the art can readily identify homologous sequences by reference to sequence sources, including but not limited to GenBank (ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / genbank / ) and EMBL (embl. org / ) . Treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
[0042] The present disclosure provides methods for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, treating MASH in a subject in need thereof comprises a) improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one grade, e.g., of the METAVIR score, with no worsening of MASH, b) improving MASH with no worsening of liver fibrosis, c) improving MASH and improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, d) resolving MASH and improving liver fibrosis liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, e) improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, or f) achieving MASH remission with no worsening of live fibrosis.
[0043] The present application also provides methods of preventing or delaying worsening of liver fibrosis in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, liver tissue fibrosis grade is improved by at least one grade, e.g., of the METAVIR score, in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower.
[0044] The present application also provides methods of improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one grade, e.g., of the METAVIR score, in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the improvement of liver tissue fibrosis grade is accompanied by no worsening of MASH. In some embodiments, the improvement of liver tissue fibrosis grade is accompanied by improvement of MASH. In some embodiments, the improvement is accompanied by MASH remission. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower.
[0045] In some embodiments according to the methods described herein, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly. In one aspect, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 52 weeks) . In another aspect, the method comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.
[0046] The term “maintenance dose, ” as used herein, refers to the ongoing, regular, or recurrent dosage of a medication or treatment that is administered over an extended period to achieve or maintain a desired therapeutic effect. Maintenance doses can be administered after an initial course of treatment or induction phase has been completed. Maintenance doses can often be used for chronic conditions or to prevent the recurrence of a medical condition. In some embodiments, maintenance doses can be administered for a period of at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, or at least 52 weeks. The maintenance dose can be adjusted over time based on the patient’s response to treatment, changes in their health status, or other factors. Thus, in some embodiments, the maintenance dose received by a subject can be adjusted to a higher maintenance dose, or a lower maintenance dose. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens disclosed herein comprise administration of a first maintenance dose for at least four weeks and then a higher second maintenance dose for at least about four weeks. In some embodiments, the dosage regimens disclosed herein comprise administration of a first maintenance dose for at least four weeks and then a lower second maintenance dose for at least about four weeks. The second maintenance dose can be further adjusted as necessary and appropriate.
[0047] In some embodiments, provided herein are dosing regimens that include an escalation dose and a maintenance dose. As used herein, the term “escalation dose” as used herein refers to a temporary dose that is usually lower than the maintenance dose and administered earlier than the maintenance dose. Escalation doses are typically used as the initial or starting dose of the medication, which in itself may be insufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic effect but helps minimizing potential side effects or adverse reactions of the treatment. Escalation doses are typically administered gradually, with incremental increases in the medication dosage over a predetermined period. This approach allows the patient’s body to adjust to the higher dose and helps minimize the risk of adverse reactions. Accordingly, in some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering an escalation dose before administering the maintenance dose. In some embodiments, dosing regimens provided herein include administering sequentially a first escalation dose, a second escalation dose, a third escalation dose, and a maintenance dose, wherein the third escalation dose is higher than the second escalation dose and lower than the maintenance dose, and wherein the second escalation dose is higher than the first escalation dose and lower than the third escalation dose.
[0048] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about any of 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, or 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg is administered for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2, or 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each all ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis score is at least 1 point. In some embodiments, the baseline inflammation score is at least 1 point. In some embodiments, prior to initiation of treatment, the subject has an HbA1c of no more than about 10%. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.
[0049] In some embodiments, there is provided a method of treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering (e.g., subcutaneously) to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, or c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., for at least about any of 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks) . In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg is administered for at least about 48 weeks or 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, 26 kg / m2, 27 kg / m2, 28 kg / m2, 29 kg / m2, 30 kg / m2, 31 kg / m2, 32 kg / m2, 33 kg / m2, 34 kg / m2, 35 kg / m2, 36 kg / m2, 37 kg / m2, 38 kg / m2, 39 kg / m2, or 40 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each all ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis score is at least 1 point. In some embodiments, the baseline inflammation score is at least 1 point. In some embodiments, prior to initiation of treatment, the subject has an HbA1c of no more than about 10%. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.
[0050] In some embodiments, the method achieves one, two, three, four, five or more different advantages selected from a) the subject achieving MASH remission and no worsening of liver fibrosis, b) improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one grade, e.g., of the METAVIR score, with no worsening of MASH, c) improving MASH and improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, d) improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, and e) improving MASH with no worsening of liver fibrosis. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)
[0051] Metabolic dysfunction-associated conditions have rising prevalence and incidence in parallel with the increasing burden of obesity. MAFLD is an umbrella term for conditions caused by the build-up of extra fat in the liver that is not caused by alcohol intake. As fatty liver disease progresses, the liver can become inflamed (hepatitis) and damaged, which can lead to fibrosis, or scarring. At this advanced stage, the disease is known as metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) , which is the more severe form of MAFLD. After years of damage due to fibrosis, MASH can lead to cirrhosis, which is severe scarring of the liver and can lead to further complications such as loss of liver function, liver failure and liver cancer. The diagnosis of MASH
[0052] Per the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) adult criteria for diagnosing MAFLD require at least 1 out of 5 of the below characteristics: ● BMI ≥ 25 kg / m2 OR Waist circumference > 94 cm (for males) 80 cm (for females) OR ethnicity adjusted ● Fasting serum glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol / L [100 mg / dL] OR 2-hour post-load glucose levels ≥ 7.8 mmol / L [≥ 140 mg / dL] OR HbA1c ≥ 5.7% [39 mmol / L) OR type 2 diabetes OR treatment for type 2 diabetes ● Blood pressure ≥ 130 / 85 mmHg OR specific antihypertensive drug treatment ● Plasma triglycerides ≥ 1.70 mmol / L [150 mg / dL] OR lipid lowering treatment ● Plasma HDL-cholesterol ≤ 1.0 mmol / L [40 mg / dL] (for males) and ≤ 1.3 mmol / L [50 mg / dL] (for females) OR lipid lowering treatment
[0053] A range of different tests is used to diagnose MASH, including: ● Blood tests, especially for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ● Ultrasound or transient elastography such as FibroScan, ultrasound, CT, or MRI scan ● Liver biopsy
[0054] The NAFLD NAS is a 0-8 point scale measuring the severity of MAFLD / MASH. The scoring categories of the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) include: steatosis (graded 0-3) , lobular inflammation (graded 0-3) , and hepatocellular ballooning (graded 0-2) , with the final NAS score being the sum of these individual components. In patients with NAFLD, NAS score of ≥ 5 strongly correlated with a diagnosis of “definite NASH” (now known as MASH) whereas NAS ≤3 correlated with a diagnosis of “not NASH” .
[0055] MASH can occur with or without liver fibrosis. The severity of liver fibrosis can be measured on a 0-4 stage scale (METAVIR fibrosis scoring system) defined as follows, as determined by the amount and pattern of scar tissue observed in a liver biopsy sample: ● stage 0: no fibrosis ● stage 1 (F1) : either mild-moderate perisinusoidal or periportal fibrosis ● stage 2 (F2) : both perisinusoidal and portal / periportal fibrosis ● stage 3 (F3) : bridging or advanced fibrosis ● stage 4 (F4) : cirrhosis. Dosing and Administration
[0056] Provided herein are methods for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the first escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, and wherein the second escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 4 to 52 weeks (e.g., at least about any of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method further comprises a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower.
[0057] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be administered via any accepted mode of administration for therapeutic agents including, but not limited to, oral, sublingual, subcutaneous, parenteral, intravenous, intranasal, topical, transdermal, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intrapulmonary, vaginal, rectal, or intraocular administration. In some embodiments, Mazdutide or composition is administered via subcutaneous injection.
[0058] The present disclosure in one aspect provides methods for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 52 weeks) . In some embodiments, the method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprises administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 48 weeks or 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 4 weeks, at least about 8 weeks, at least about 12 weeks, at least about 16 weeks, at least about 20 weeks, at least about 24 weeks, at least about 28 weeks, at least about 32 weeks, at least about 36 weeks, at least about 40 weeks, at least about 44 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 6 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 8 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 10 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 12 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 14 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 18 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 22 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 24 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 28 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 32 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 36 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 48 weeks, at least about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, at least about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, at least about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, at least about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, at least about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, at least about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, at least about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, at least about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, at least about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, at least about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks to about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for any of about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks, about 48 weeks to about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for any of about 4 weeks, about 8 weeks, about 12 weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks, about 48 weeks, about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, or more than 52 weeks. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.
[0059] The present disclosure in another aspect provides methods for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks (e.g., at least about 48 weeks) . In some embodiments, method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg is administered once weekly for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to about 48 weeks, e.g., at least about 4 weeks, at least about 8 weeks, at least about 12 weeks, at least about 16 weeks, at least about 20 weeks, at least about 24 weeks, at least about 28 weeks, at least about 32 weeks, at least about 36 weeks, at least about 40 weeks, at least about 44 weeks, or at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 6 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 8 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 10 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 12 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 14 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 16 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 18 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 20 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 22 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 24 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 28 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 32 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 36 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 40 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 44 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for any of at least about 4 weeks to 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 48 weeks, at least about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, at least about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, at least about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, at least about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, at least about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, at least about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, at least about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, at least about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, at least about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, at least about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, or at least about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for any of about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, about 8 weeks to about 12 weeks, about 12 weeks to about 16 weeks, about 16 weeks to about 20 weeks, about 20 weeks to about 24 weeks, about 24 weeks to about 28 weeks, about 28 weeks to about 32 weeks, about 32 weeks to about 36 weeks, about 36 weeks to about 40 weeks, about 40 weeks to about 44 weeks, or about 44 weeks to about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered for any of about 4 weeks, about 8 weeks, about 12 weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks, about 48 weeks, or more than 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the second maintenance dose is administered about once weekly for at least four weeks, at least eight weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks, at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered. Subjects / Individuals
[0060] The subjects or individuals described herein are treated with the methods described in this application.
[0061] In some embodiments, the subjects is a human. In some embodiments, the subject is at least 18 years old (e.g., at least 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 years old) . In some embodiments, the subject is no more than 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 years old. In some embodiments, the subject is a male. In some embodiments, the subject is a female. In some embodiments, the subject is a female after menopause.
[0062] In some embodiments, the subject is Asian. In some embodiments, the subject is Chinese.
[0063] In some embodiments, the subject has BMI ≥ 25.0 kg / m2. As used herein and understood in the art, an adult human having a BMI of about 24 kg / m2 or higher is considered “overweight” ; and an adult human having a BMI of about 28 kg / m2 or higher is considered “obese. ” As used herein and understood in the art, “body mass index” or BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. The formula for calculation is BMI = weight (kilograms) / height2 (m2) . The subjects to be treated with methods disclosed herein can be obese to different degrees. In some embodiments, the subject is obese (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg / m2) . In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has baseline BMI of at least 28 kg / m2, at least 29 kg / m2, at least 30 kg / m2, at least 31 kg / m2, at least 32 kg / m2, at least 33 kg / m2, at least 34 kg / m2, at least 35 kg / m2, at least 36 kg / m2, at least 37 kg / m2, at least 38 kg / m2, or at least 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 28 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 29 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 30 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 31 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 32 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 33 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 35 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 36 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 37 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 38 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject in need of treatment has baseline BMI of less than 29 kg / m2, less than 30 kg / m2, less than 31 kg / m2, less than 32 kg / m2, less than 33 kg / m2, less than 34 kg / m2, less than 35 kg / m2, less than 36 kg / m2, less than 37 kg / m2, less than 38 kg / m2, or less than 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 29 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 30 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 31 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 32 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 32.5 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 33 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 34 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 35 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 36 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 37 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 38 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of less than 39 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the baseline BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 28 kg / m2, such as at least about 35 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2, and also has one, two, three of the (i) , (ii) , and (iii) below: (i) a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment; (ii) a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points, optionally wherein the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point; (iii) a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower. In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline NAS score of the subject in need of treatment is the NAS score of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject in need of treatment is the HbA1c of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0064] In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy. In some embodiments, the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment, and also has one, two, three of the (i) , (ii) , and (iii) below: (i) a BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2; (ii) a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points, optionally wherein the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point; (iii) a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower. In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline NAS score of the subject in need of treatment is the NAS score of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject in need of treatment is the HbA1c of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0065] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each all ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis score is at least 1 point. In some embodiments, the baseline inflammation score is at least 1 points. In some embodiments, prior to initiation of treatment, the subject has an HbA1c of no more than about 10%. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points, wherein baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point, and also has one, two, three of the (i) , (ii) , and (iii) below: (i) a BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2; (ii) a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment; (iii) a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower. In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline NAS score of the subject in need of treatment is the NAS score of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject in need of treatment is the HbA1c of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0066] In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower, and also has one, two, three of the (i) , (ii) , and (iii) below: (i) a BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2; (ii) the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment; (iii) a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points, optionally wherein the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point In some embodiments, the baseline BMI of the subject in need of treatment is the BMI of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline NAS score of the subject in need of treatment is the NAS score of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein. In some embodiments, the baseline HbA1c of the subject in need of treatment is the HbA1c of the subject prior to treatment with Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to the methods described herein.
[0067] In some embodiments, the subject does not have past or existing liver diseases of other causes (for example, alcoholic steatohepatitis; drug-induced hepatitis; viral or autoimmune hepatitis; primary biliary cirrhosis; primary sclerosing cholangitis; hemochromatosis; hereditary hepatobiliary diseases such as α1 antitrypsin deficiency, hepatolenticular degeneration; occupational exposure to hepatotoxic substances) .
[0068] In some embodiments, prior to treatment, the subject has had Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) screening including at least Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (HBsAg) , Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb) , and Hepatitis B Core Antibody (HBcAb) , and the subject is not a) HBsAg positive; or b) HBV DNA positive and HBcAb positive, and HBsAg negative.
[0069] In some embodiments, prior to treatment, the subject is not Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positive.
[0070] In some embodiments, prior to treatment, the subject is not positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies, or syphilis-specific antibodies, except if non-specific antibody titers turn negative after regular syphilis treatment.
[0071] In some embodiments, prior to treatment, the subject has Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score ≤12, Liver Disease Severity Scoring System (Child-Turcotte-Pugh, CTP) score ≤6.
[0072] In some embodiments, prior to treatment, the subject does not have a history of cirrhosis and / or hepatic decompensation, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding.
[0073] In some embodiments, prior to treatment, the subject does not have previous or planned liver transplantation.
[0074] In some embodiments, within 3 months prior to treatment or 2 years prior to liver biopsy, the subject’s alcohol consumption is less than or equal to 30 g / d equivalent to ethanol for men or 20 g / d equivalent to ethanol for women. Endpoints
[0075] In some embodiments, the method as described result in improvement or no worsening of MASH severity or liver fibrosis grade. In some embodiments, the method achieves one, two, three, four, five or more different advantages selected from a) the subject achieving MASH remission and no worsening of liver fibrosis, b) improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one grade, e.g., of the METAVIR score, with no worsening of MASH, c) improving MASH and improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, d) improving liver tissue fibrosis grade by at least one level, e.g., of the METAVIR score, and e) improving MASH with no worsening of liver fibrosis. In some embodiments MASH severity is measured by the total NAS score, including subscores of the steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning scores. In some embodiments, improvement of MASH is reduction of at least one point of the NAS score. In some embodiments, improvement of MASH is reduction of any one or more of the NAS subscores. In some embodiments, the treatment reduces the subject’s NAS score by at least 1 point. In some embodiments, treatment reduces the subject’s NAS steatosis subscore by at least 1 point. In some embodiments, treatment reduces the subject’s NAS inflammation subscore by at least 1 point. In some embodiments, treatment reduces the subject’s NAS ballooning subscore by at least 1 point. In some embodiments, liver fibrosis grade is measured by the METAVIR liver scoring system. In some embodiments, improvement of liver fibrosis is reduction of at least one level by the METAVIR liver scoring system. In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in four weeks or less, five weeks or less, six weeks or less, seven weeks or less, eight weeks or less, ten weeks or less, twelve weeks or less, 16 weeks or less, 20 weeks or less, 24 weeks or less, 28 weeks or less, 32 weeks or less, 36 weeks or less, 40 weeks or less, 44 weeks or less, 48 weeks or less, 52 weeks or less, 56 weeks or less, 60 weeks or less of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, the therapeutic effect is observed in about four weeks, about five weeks, about six weeks, about seven weeks, about eight weeks, about ten weeks, about twelve weeks, about 16 weeks, about 20 weeks, about 24 weeks, about 28 weeks, about 32 weeks, about 36 weeks, about 40 weeks, about 44 weeks about 48 weeks, about 52 weeks, 56 weeks or less, or about 60 weeks of initiating treatment. In some embodiments, initiating treatment refers to the first dosing of the maintenance dose of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.
[0076] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring for adverse events during the administration of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and optionally, interrupting or terminating the administration. As used herein and understood in the art, “adverse event” or “AE” is an untoward medical occurrence that occurs in the subject during a particular treatment, whether or not causally related to the treatment. AEs include, but are not limited to, the following: exacerbation of a pre-existing medical condition / disease (including exacerbation of symptoms, signs, or abnormal laboratory tests) ; occurrence of any new adverse medical condition (including symptoms, signs, or newly diagnosed disease) ; any abnormal laboratory test value or result that has significant clinical significance.
[0077] In some embodiments, methods provided herein further comprise monitoring vital signs (including blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and body temperature) and / or physical examination during the administration, or monitoring hematology and serum chemistry during the treatment cycle. In some embodiments, heart rate or heart signal is monitored. In some embodiment, heart rate or heart signal is monitored by electrocardiogram. Methods of measurements
[0078] Methods of treatment provided herein reference certain methods of diagnosis, methods of evaluation (e.g., of severity of condition, progress of condition, or of improvement of condition) . Standard procedures of such methods are well known by and available to persons of ordinary skill in the art. For exemplary purposes, some representative methods and procedures are described here.
[0079] Fibrosis stage
[0080] MASH can occur with or without liver fibrosis. The severity of liver fibrosis can be measured on a 0-4 stage scale (METAVIR fibrosis scoring system) defined as follows, as determined by the amount and pattern of scar tissue observed in a liver biopsy sample: ● stage 0: no fibrosis ● stage 1 (F1) : either mild-moderate perisinusoidal or periportal fibrosis ● stage 2 (F2) : both perisinusoidal and portal / periportal fibrosis ● stage 3 (F3) : bridging or advanced fibrosis ● stage 4 (F4) : cirrhosis.
[0081] NAFLD Activity Score (NAS)
[0082] The NAS is a 0-8 point scale measuring the severity of MAFLD / MASH based on liver biopsy. The scoring categories of the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) include: steatosis (graded 0-3) , lobular inflammation (graded 0-3) , and hepatocellular ballooning (graded 0-2) , with the final NAS score being the sum of these individual components. In patients with NAFLD, NAS score of ≥ 5 strongly correlated with a diagnosis of “definite NASH” (now known as MASH) whereas NAS ≤ 3 correlated with a diagnosis of “not NASH” .
[0083] The definition for scoring each category is as follows:
[0084] HbA1c
[0085] To measure HbA1c, blood samples are collected when the subject is in fasting state.
[0086] Weight
[0087] Standard protocol for weight measurement: weight measurement should be conducted in a standardized manner using a calibrated scale (either mechanical or electronic) . When measuring weight, participants should have urinated, and should remove any clothing or accessories that could add extra weight, such as coats, pants, hats, scarves, necklaces, belts, etc. They should be dressed in a single layer of clothing (limited to one upper garment and one lower garment) and should remove their shoes. Ensure that the weight scale is zeroed before weighing. Participant should step onto the weight scale and stand still on both feet with their arms at their sides.
[0088] Waist circumference
[0089] When measuring wait circumference, participants should take standing position, relax shoulders and abdomen, breathe steadily, and keep feet apart by 25~30 cm. Horizontal measurement is taken at the midpoint of the line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the lower edge of the 12th rib on the midaxillary line. A tape is used which wraps around the waist at the above-mentioned horizontal position. When measuring, the tape measure should be snug against the skin but not tight. During the measurement, participants should not consciously pull in or push out abdomen. The measurement should be taken at the end of a calm exhalation. Compositions
[0090] Provided herein are compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in a method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly. In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in a method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 52 weeks. In some embodiments, provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in a method for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for four weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 48 weeks. In some embodiments, the composition comprising Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is formulated for subcutaneously administration. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2. In some embodiments, the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points. In some embodiments, the baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each ≥ 1 point. In some embodiments, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower.
[0091] Mazdutide is a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) agonist that binds to and activates GLP-1R and GCGR. Mazdutide is also described in patent CN201680036771.3, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0092] Mazdutide has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1: His-Xaa-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Val-Glu-Trp-Leu-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly; wherein Xaa is alpha amino isobutyric acid (Aib) ; Lys at position 20 is chemically modified through conjugation to the epsilon-amino group of the K side-chain with ( [2- (2-Amino-ethoxy) -ethoxy] -acetyl) 2- (γGlu) -CO- (CH2) 18-CO2H; and the carboxyl group of the C-terminal Gly is amidated to the C-terminal primary amide.
[0093] The chemical structure of Mazdutide is shown below:
[0094] As understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, Mazdutide can be reacted with any number of inorganic and organic bases to form pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts and conventional methodologies for their preparation are well known in the art. See, for example, P. Stahl et al., HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL SALTS: PROPERTIES, SELECTION AND USE, 2nd Revision (Wiley-VCH, 2011) .
[0095] A salt of Mazdutide can be formed between an acid and a basic group of Mazdutide, such as an amino functional group, or a base and an acidic group of Mazdutide, such as a carboxyl functional group.
[0096] Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0097] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
[0098] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include basic addition salts such as those containing benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, t-butylamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine, procaine, aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, alkylamine, and zinc, when acidic functional groups, such as carboxylic acid or phenol are present. For example, see Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19thed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, Vol. 2, p. 1457, 1995; “Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use” by Stahl and Wermuth, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002. Such salts can be prepared using the appropriate corresponding bases.
[0099] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
[0100] Similarly, if the particular compound is an acid, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary or tertiary) , an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, or the like. Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids, such as L-glycine, L-lysine, and L-arginine, ammonia, primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, and cyclic amines, such as hydroxyethylpyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine or piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
[0101] It is also to be understood that Mazdutide can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
[0102] As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
[0103] As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of Mazdutide can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.
[0104] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that Mazdutide may exist in different tautomeric forms, and all such forms are embraced within the scope of the present disclosure. The term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to structural isomers of different energies which are interconvertible via a low energy barrier. The presence and concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment Mazdutide is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether Mazdutide is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. By way of examples, proton tautomers (also known as prototropic tautomers) include interconversions via migration of a proton, such as keto-enol, amide-imidic acid, lactam-lactim, imine-enamine isomerizations and annular forms where a proton can occupy two or more positions of a heterocyclic system. Valence tautomers include interconversions by reorganization of some of the bonding electrons. Tautomers can be in equilibrium or sterically locked into one form by appropriate substitution. Mazdutide identified by name or structure as one particular tautomeric form are intended to include other tautomeric forms unless otherwise specified.
[0105] Synthesis of Mazdutide provided herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are provided in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of WO 2016 / 209707, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. Preparation of the compounds provided herein may also be found in WO2021252829A1 and WO2023196765A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide provided herein may also be prepared using any known organic synthesis techniques and can be synthesized according to any possible synthetic routes.
[0106] In some embodiments, the method provided herein comprises administering a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) comprising Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more additional medicinal agents, pharmaceutical agents, adjuvants, carriers, excipients, and the like. Suitable medicinal and pharmaceutical agents include those described herein. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or adjuvant and at least one compound as described herein. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include, but are not limited to, mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, talcum, cellulose, sodium croscarmellose, glucose, gelatin, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate.
[0107] Pharmaceutically acceptable compositions include solid, semi-solid, liquid and aerosol dosage forms, such as tablet, capsule, powder, liquid, suspension, suppository, and aerosol forms. The pharmaceutical composition may be administered in sustained or controlled release dosage forms (e.g., controlled / sustained release pill, depot injection, osmotic pump, or transdermal (including electrotransport patch forms) for prolonged timed, and / or pulsed administration at a predetermined rate. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may be administered in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of a precise dose.
[0108] Liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions can, for example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing or suspending etc. a compound or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, and optional pharmaceutical additives in a carrier (e.g., water, saline, aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol or the like) to form a solution or suspension. Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, as emulsions, or in solid forms suitable for dissolution or suspension in liquid prior to injection. The percentage of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof contained in such parenteral compositions depends, for example, on the physical nature of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the activity of Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the needs of the subject (e.g., human) .
[0109] In some embodiments, Mazdutide or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is in a formulation (e.g., a liquid formulation) comprising tromethamine (e.g., 0.5-5 mg / mL tromethamine) , a stabilizer, a chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises one or more of mannitol, propylene glycol, arginine, arginine hydrochloride, histidine and histidine hydrochloride. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises mannitol and propylene glycol (e.g., at a concentration of 0.1-100 mg / mL) . In some embodiments, the chelating agent comprises edetate disodium (e.g., 0.01-5 mg / mL edetate disodium) . In some embodiments, the solvent comprises water.
[0110] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1-3 mg / mL tromethamine, 10-66 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.03-1 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20-46 mg / mL stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 mg / mL chelating agent and a solvent.
[0111] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0112] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0113] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent.
[0114] In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a surfactant. In some embodiments, the surfactant is tween 80.
[0115] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises Mazdutide, and the concentration of Mazdutide is about at a concentration of about 1-100 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3-50 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 6-20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 15-20 mg / mL. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 3mg / ml, 4mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8.37 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml or 20 mg / ml. In some embodiments, Mazdutide has a concentration of 18 mg / mL.
[0116] In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7-9. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.5-8.5. In some embodiments, the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0117] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 46 mg / mL mannitol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0118] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8.37 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 20 mg / mL propylene glycol, 0.5 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7.
[0119] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 3 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0120] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 4 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0121] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 8mg / ml Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0122] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 6 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0123] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 12 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0124] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 15 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 18 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0125] In some embodiments, the formulation comprises 20 mg / mL Mazdutide, 1.21 mg / mL tromethamine, 10 mg / mL propylene glycol, 23 mg / mL mannitol, 0.05 mg / mL edetate disodium and water as a solvent, and the formulation has a pH of 7.7. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises 5.5 mg / mL phenol.
[0126] In some embodiments, Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions to be used in methods disclosed herein. Exemplary pharmaceutical compositions or formulations are described in, e.g., WO2022228498A1 and WO2022140373A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be present at various concentrations. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein comprise Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof at 1-100 mg / mL (e.g., 1 mg / ml, 2 mg / ml, 3 mg / ml, 4 mg / ml, 5 mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, 9 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml, 12 mg / ml, 14 mg / ml, 15 mg / ml, 16 mg / ml, 18 mg / ml, 20 mg / ml, 30 mg / ml, 40 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, 60 mg / ml, 70 mg / ml, 80 mg / ml, 90 mg / ml, or 100 mg / ml) .
[0127] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can be included in compositions to be used in methods provided herein include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. In some embodiments, the carrier is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion) .
[0128] In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Mazdutide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, diluted hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and water for injection.
[0129] In some embodiments, methods provided herein comprise administering a pharmaceutical composition having Mazdutide and pharmaceutically acceptable salt described herein that is suitable for local administration. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are suited for subcutaneous administration. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for systemic administration. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for intravenous administration.
[0130] In some embodiments, the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is stored in pre-filled injection pens. The injectable formulation includes Mazdutide and tromethamine, mannitol, propylene glycol (for injection) , disodium edetate, dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and water for injection as excipients. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is provided in the following dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 3 mg, 0.5 ml: 6 mg, 0.5 ml: 9 mg, 2 ml: 16 mg, and 2 ml: 24 mg. In some embodiments, Mazdutide is provided in the following dosage forms: 0.5 ml: 2 mg, 0.5 ml: 4 mg, and 0.5 ml: 6 mg, 2 ml: 16 mg, and 2 ml: 24 mg.
[0131] Pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be delivered subcutaneously with a standard needle and syringe. In addition, with respect to subcutaneous delivery, a pen delivery device readily has applications in delivering a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Such a pen delivery device can be reusable or disposable. A reusable pen delivery device generally utilizes a replaceable cartridge that contains a pharmaceutical composition. Once all of the pharmaceutical composition within the cartridge has been administered and the cartridge is empty, the empty cartridge can readily be discarded and replaced with a new cartridge that contains the pharmaceutical composition. The pen delivery device can then be reused. In a disposable pen delivery device, there is no replaceable cartridge. Rather, the disposable pen delivery device comes prefilled with the pharmaceutical composition held in a reservoir within the device. Once the reservoir is emptied of the pharmaceutical composition, the entire device is discarded. Experimental
[0132] The examples provided below are for purposes of illustration only, which are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. Thus, the invention should in no way be construed as being limited to the following examples, but rather, should be construed to encompass any and all variations which become evident as a result of the teaching provided herein.
[0133] The active pharmaceutical ingredient under investigation of the studies described below is Mazdutide. Briefly, results from the studies described below will investigate the safety and efficacy of Mazdutide at the specified regimens for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) . Example 1: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide in Chinese adult subjects with liver biopsy-proven MASH.
[0134] This example describes a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mazdutide in Chinese adult subjects with liver biopsy-proven MASH. Endpoints
[0135] The main goal is to evaluate the liver histological efficacy of Mazdutide in subjects with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) confirmed by liver biopsy.
[0136] The primary endpoints are: ● Proportion of subjects with MASH remission and no worsening of liver fibrosis after 60 weeks of administration
[0137] The secondary endpoints are: (1) After 60 weeks of administration, the proportion of subjects whose liver tissue fibrosis improved by at least one grade and no worsening of MASH; (2) After 60 weeks of administration, the proportion of subjects with improved MASH and no worsening of liver fibrosis; (3) Proportion of subjects whose MASH improved and liver tissue fibrosis improved by at least one level after 60 weeks of administration; (4) The proportion of subjects whose MASH is resolved and liver tissue fibrosis is improved by at least one level after 60 weeks of administration; (5) The proportion of subjects whose liver tissue fibrosis grade improved by at least one level after 60 weeks of administration; (6) The incidence, severity, and correlation with study drugs of adverse events (AE) , treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE) , serious adverse events (SAE) , and adverse events of special interest (AESI) ; (7) Changes in vital signs, physical examination, laboratory tests and 12-lead electrocardiogram parameters; and (8) The subject’s mental health status (C-SSRS questionnaire) . Patient Cohorts
[0138] In the Mazdutide 6 mg group: subcutaneous injection once a week; starting dose is Mazdutide 2.0 mg, administered weekly for 4 weeks; if tolerated well, increase to Mazdutide 4.0 mg, and administer weekly for 4 weeks; if tolerated well, continue to increase to Mazdutide 6.0 mg, and administer weekly for 52 weeks.
[0139] In the Mazdutide 9 mg group: subcutaneous injection once a week; starting dose is Mazdutide 2.0 mg, administered weekly for 4 weeks; if tolerated well, increase to Mazdutide 4.0 mg, and administer weekly for 4 weeks; if tolerated well, continue to increase to Mazdutide 6.0 mg, and administer weekly for 4 weeks, and if tolerated well, continue to increase to Mazdutide 9.0 mg, and administer weekly for 48 weeks. Inclusion / Exclusion Criteria
[0140] Subjects must meet all of the following inclusion criteria to be included in the study: 1. Able to understand the procedures and methods of this study, be willing to strictly abide by the clinical trial protocol and complete this trial, and voluntarily sign the informed consent form. 2. At least 18 years old when signing the informed consent form. 3. Body mass index ≥25 kg / m2 during screening. 4. MASH confirmed by liver biopsy within 3 months before screening or during the screening period. 5. Based on the evaluation by the central pathologist, the NAS score is ≥4 points, and the steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning scores are all ≥1 point.
[0141] Subjects will not be included in the study if they meet any of the following exclusion criteria: 1. The researcher suspects that the subject may be allergic to ingredients in the study drug or similar drugs. 2. HbA1c>10%during screening. 3. Past or existing liver diseases of other causes (for example, alcoholic steatohepatitis; drug-induced hepatitis; viral or autoimmune hepatitis; primary biliary cirrhosis; primary sclerosing cholangitis; hemochromatosis; hereditary hepatobiliary diseases such as α1 antitrypsin deficiency, hepatolenticular degeneration; occupational exposure to hepatotoxic substances) . 4. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) screening includes at least Hepatitis B Surface Antigens (HBsAg) , Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HBsAb) , and Hepatitis B Core Antibody (HBcAb) , and if the test results of the above three indicators are: HBsAg positive; or when HBsAg is negative, if only HBcAb is positive, HBV DNA test result is positive. 5. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody is positive during screening. 6. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies are positive during screening, or syphilis-specific antibodies are positive (except those whose non-specific antibody titers turn negative after regular syphilis treatment) . 7. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score >12, Liver Disease Severity Scoring System (Child-Turcotte-Pugh, CTP) score >6. 8. History of cirrhosis and / or hepatic decompensation, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding. 9. Previous or planned liver transplantation. 10. For at least 3 months before screening or within 2 years before liver biopsy, the alcohol consumption is greater than 30 g / d equivalent to ethanol for men or greater than 20 g / d equivalent to ethanol for women.
Claims
1.A method for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.2.A method for preventing or delaying worsening of liver fibrosis in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the first escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks, and wherein the second escalation dose is administered for at least 4 weeks.5.The method of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the maintenance dose of about 6 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 52 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, at least 48 weeks, or at least 52 weeks.6.A method for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and c) a maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks.7.The method of any one of claims 3-6, wherein the method further comprises a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the second maintenance dose of about 9 mg once weekly is administered for at least 4 to 48 weeks, e.g. at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, at least 12 weeks, at least 16 weeks, at least 20 weeks, at least 24 weeks at least 28 weeks, at least 32 weeks, at least 36 weeks, at least 40 weeks, at least 44 weeks, or at least 48 weeks.9.The method of claim 6, wherein maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly is administered for at least about 52 weeks.10.A method for treating metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in a human subject comprising administering to the subject Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a) a first escalating dose of about 2.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, b) a second escalating dose of about 4.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, c) a first maintenance dose of about 6.0 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, and d) a second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg once weekly for at least about 4 weeks.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the second maintenance dose of about 9.0 mg is administered once weekly for at least about 48 weeks.12.The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the subject has a baseline BMI of at least about 25 kg / m2.13.The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the subject has a confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy, optionally wherein the confirmed diagnosis of MASH by liver biopsy was made within about 3 months before initiation of treatment.14.The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the subject has a baseline Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Activity Score (NAS) score of at least 4 points, optionally wherein baseline steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning component scores of the NAS score are each all ≥ 1 point.15.The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein, the subject has a baseline HbA1c of about 10%or lower.16.The method of any one of claims 1-15, wherein the subject is at least 18 years old.17.The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the subject is a male.18.The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the subject is a female.19.The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the subject is Asian.20.The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the subject is Chinese.21.The method of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the Mazdutide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is subcutaneously administered.