Timing method and apparatus for multi-AP coordination
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/085998
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2026-02-06
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2026085998_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
TIMING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MULTI-AP COORDINATIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 777,447, filed on March 25th, 2025, from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 783,683, filed on April 4th, 2025, from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 786,849, filed on April 10th, 2025, and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 824,687, filed on June 16th, 2025, and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 977,694, filed on February 6th, 2026, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present application pertains to the field of wireless communication systems, and in particular to systems, methods and apparatuses for multi-access point (MAP) coordination in environments including wireless local area networks (WLANs) .BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems such as IEEETM 802.11 standard series (that is, Wi-FiTM series; Wi-FiTM is a registered trademark of Alliance, Austin, TX, USA) are known. Conventional WLAN networks include those supporting the IEEETM 802.11 standards, also conventionally referred to as Wi-FiTM.
[0004] The Multi-AP Coordination (MAPC) framework is designed to enhance wireless network efficiency through optimized resource sharing and coordination among multiple Access Points (APs) . This framework supports both Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) -based coordination schemes, such as Coordinated Spatial Reuse (Co-SR) , Coordinated Beamforming (Co-BF) , and Coordinated Time Division Multiple Access (Co-TDMA) , as well as Service Period (SP) -based coordination schemes like Coordinated Restricted Target Wake Time (Co-r-TWT) . The IEEETM 802.11bn Specification Framework Document (SFD) , as outlined in Motion #51 [11-24 / 0209r8] , introduced a common framework for Multi-AP Coordination (MAPC) . This framework enables key procedures that are fundamental for MAP operations, including the MAPC Discovery Procedure, which facilitates the identification of potential APs capable of participating in coordinated activities, and the MAPC Agreement Negotiation Procedure, which supports negotiation mechanisms between APs to establish coordination agreements.
[0005] An important coordination scheme defined in the MAPC framework is Coordinated Spatial Reuse (Co-SR) . Co-SR aims to improve spectrum efficiency and capacity by enabling APs to share the same frequency channel simultaneously while minimizing Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) interference. This is particularly important in high-density environments, where multiple APs and devices may operate within overlapping coverage areas. Co-SR uses techniques such as Transmit Power Control (TPC) to dynamically manage the transmission power of APs to minimize interference and optimize the use of the radio spectrum.
[0006] Coordinated Beamforming (Co-BF) is another coordination technique that improves the performance of downlink (DL) transmissions. By coordinating the transmission beams of multiple APs, Co-BF can improve signal strength and reduce interference for non-AP STAs (Stations) . In a typical Co-BF setup, the "Sharing AP" and the "Shared AP" synchronize their transmissions to create a coordinated beam, nullifying signals toward each other's served STAs. This strategy mitigates interference and enhances network performance, especially in dense environments.
[0007] Co-BF / Co-SR processes assume that APs and their associated non-AP STAs can reliably overhear each other’s transmissions. This assumption plays a role in coordinating critical control frame exchanges needed before and after the actual DL transmission, such as Initial Control Frames (ICF) , Initial Control Responses (ICR) , Multi-User Block Acknowledgment Request (MU-BAR) , and Block Acknowledgment (BA) frames. These exchanges help in synchronizing all participating APs and non-AP STAs before and after the DL transmission phase or Co-BF sounding phase.
[0008] However, in practical deployments, the always-successful overhearing assumption does not always hold. Due to factors such as interference, signal attenuation, and device limitations, APs may fail to overhear certain control frames, leading to misalignment in coordination. For example, if the Shared AP does not overhear ICR frames from the Sharing AP’s non-AP STAs, it may not proceed with its own ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs, causing delays in DL transmissions. Also, if the Shared AP does not hear the ACK or BA frames from the Sharing AP’s non-AP STAs, it may not proceed with exchanging its own MU-BAR / BA with its scheduled STAs. Similarly, if the Sharing AP fails to overhear ICR frames from the Shared AP’s non-AP STAs, it may delay sending the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, further increasing transmission delay.
[0009] Another aspect of Co-BF coordination is the Co-BF sounding process, where APs collect Channel State Information (CSI) from their associated non-AP STAs to optimize beamforming decisions. Similar to control frame exchanges, the Co-BF sounding process assumes that APs can successfully overhear each other’s CSI reports. However, if an AP fails to overhear these reports, for example due to interference or channel conditions, it may not have accurate CSI information, leading to degraded beamforming performance or even failure to proceed with Co-BF transmission.
[0010] Therefore, there is a need for one or more systems, one or more methods and one or more apparatuses for MAP coordination in wireless communications systems, such as in a Wi-FiTM network, that obviate or mitigate one or more limitations in the prior art.
[0011] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0012] In a first broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method of electronic communication is disclosed at an access point in a WLAN comprising the steps of transmitting by a first access point a Co-BF / Co-SR invite frame comprising an indication of a duration of a first ICF / ICR exchange sequence and / or a target start time of a second ICF / ICR exchange sequence; receiving from a second access point a Co-BF / Co-SR response frame comprising an indication of a duration of a second ICF / ICR exchange sequence or a target start time for a Synchronization trigger frame; transmitting an ICF belonging to the first ICF / ICR exchange sequence; receiving an ICR belonging to the first ICF / ICR exchange sequence; transmitting a Co-BF / Co-SR sync frame upon expiry of the durations of the first and second ICF / ICR exchange sequences or at the target start time for the Synchronization trigger frame, the synchronization trigger frame comprising an indication of a duration of a first MU-BAR / BA exchange or a target start time of a second MU-BAR / BA exchange; and transmitting a MU-BAR trigger frame and receiving from one or more stations a BA.
[0013] In some embodiments the Co-BF / Co-SR invite frame is a first trigger frame with a first trigger type and the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type, the first and second trigger type each equal to 3 and corresponding to a MU-RTS trigger frame format.
[0014] In some embodiments the Co-BF / Co-SR invite frame is a first trigger frame with a first trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a BSRP trigger frame format, wherein the first trigger frame’s BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value is set to 3.
[0015] In some embodiments the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a BSRP trigger frame format, wherein the second trigger frame’s BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value is set to 3.
[0016] In some embodiments the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a BSRP trigger frame format, wherein the second trigger frame’s BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value is set to a value less than 3.
[0017] In some embodiments, the first trigger frame comprises within a first bit range one or more of: an intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication; , the indication of the duration of the first ICF / ICR exchange sequence consisting of an intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) duration field; the target start time of a second ICF / ICR exchange sequence consisting of an OBSS or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) start time field; and the indication of the duration of the first MU-BAR / BA exchange consisting of an intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) or BA only duration field; the first bit range comprising B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and / or B63of the UHR Variant Common Info field, B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field, and / or one or more additional Special User Info field (s) assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID.
[0018] In some embodiments, the Co-BF / Co-SR response frame comprises within a second bit range one or more of: an intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication; , the indication of a duration of a second ICF / ICR exchange sequence consisting of an intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) duration field; and the target start time for a Synchronization trigger frame consisting of a Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame transmission start time field; wherein the second bit range comprises a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-AID TID Info field of the Co-BF / Co-SR response frame.
[0019] In some embodiments, the Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame comprises within a third bit range one or more of: the indication of the duration of the first MU-BAR / BA exchange consisting of an intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) or BA only duration field ; and the indication of the target start time of the second MU-BAR / BA exchange consisting of an OBSS (BSS2) or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) start time field; wherein the third bit range comprises B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and / or B63of the UHR Variant Common Info field, B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field, and / or one or more Special User Info field (s) assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID.
[0020] In a second broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method of electronic communication at a second access point in a WLAN comprises the steps of: receiving at a second access point a Coordinated Sounding Invite frame comprising an indication of an indication of sounding type and one or more of: a duration of a first sounding sequence, a duration of a second sounding sequence, a duration of the first AP’s in-BSS sounding sequence; a duration allocated by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence; a duration of the first ICF / ICR exchange sequence consisting of an intra-BSS1 or first AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) duration field; a target time for transmitting an in-BSS NDP, and a target time for transmitting an in-BSS ICF; transmitting to a first access point a Coordinated Sounding Response frame comprising an indication of a duration of a third sounding sequence; a duration of the second ICF / ICR exchange sequence consisting of an intra-BSS2 or second AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) duration field; and / or a target time for OBSS NDP; transmitting, after the duration of the first sounding sequence passes or at the target time for transmitting an in-BSS NDP, a null data packet to one or more stations associated with the first access point; transmitting, after the duration of the second sounding sequence passes or at the target time for transmitting an in-BSS ICF, a coordinated sounding ICF to one or more stations associated with the second access point; transmitting a NDPA, a NDP, and a BFRP trigger frame to the one or more stations associated with the second access point; receiving CSI reports from the one or more stations associated with the second access point; and before the passing of the duration of the third sounding sequence or the target time for OBSS NDP, transmitting an NDPA to the first AP and one or more stations associated therewith.
[0021] In some embodiments of the second aspect, each null data packet from the second access point is transmitted concurrently with a null data packet from the first access point.
[0022] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the second access point correctly receives a CSI report from one or more stations associated with the first access point during the duration of the first sounding sequence.
[0023] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the second access point incorrectly receives or does not receive a CSI report from one or more stations associated with the first access point during the duration of the first sounding sequence.
[0024] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the second access point transmits a Co-BF invitation response comprising a decline indicator and a decline info field value indicative of a failure in Co-BF sounding.
[0025] In some embodiments after a declined invitation the second AP transmits a request frame to the first AP requesting a repeat CSI report of the channel state between the second AP and one or more stations associated with the first AP.
[0026] In some embodiments the request frame comprises recommended CSI Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and Number of Spatial Streams (NSS) subfields for the CSI reports used by first AP-associated non-AP STAs.
[0027] In some embodiments after a declined invitation the second AP transmits a request frame to the first AP requesting the first AP resend a report, directly from memory, of the channel state between its associated STAs and the second AP.
[0028] In a third broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN, transmitting, to a second AP in the WLAN, a sounding invite frame for sounding within the MAPC. The sounding invite frame is indicative of one or more of: a sounding type indication being either sequential sounding or joint sounding; a first duration field indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange; a second duration field indicative of the duration of the first in-BSS sounding between the first AP and one or more first STAs associated with the first AP; and a third duration field indicative of the duration allocated by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence. The method includes receiving, from the second AP, a sounding response frame.
[0029] In a fourth broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN, receiving, from a second AP in the WLAN, a first frame in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between at least the first AP and the second AP, the first frame indicative of a timing of a control frame exchange related to the TXOP. The control frame communication is one or more of: between the first AP and one or more first stations (STAs) , the one or more first STAs associated with the first AP, and between the second AP and one or more second STAs, the one or more second STAs associated with the second AP. the method includes transmitting, to the one or more first STAs, a first control frame at a first time, the first time being based on the timing indicated in the first frame.
[0030] In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the first frame may be one of a coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) invite frame, a Co-BF response frame, a Co-BF synchronization trigger frame, a Co-BF sounding invite frame, a Co-BF sounding response frame, a coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) invite frame, a Co-SR response frame, and a Co-SR synchronization trigger frame.
[0031] In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the timing may be one or more of a start time of the control frame exchange related to sounding or transmission sequence of the MAPC, a delay time for the control frame exchange related to the sounding or transmission sequence the MAPC, and a duration of the control frame exchange related to the sounding or transmission sequence the MAPC.
[0032] In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the control frame exchange related to the TXOP may be one or more of: a first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs that includes a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs, a second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs that includes a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and a one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs, a third control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs that includes one of: a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs, and a one or more first block acknowledgement (BA) frames from the one or more first STAs, or only the one or more first block acknowledgement (BA) frames from the one or more first STAs to the first AP, and a fourth control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs that includes one of: a second MU-BAR frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs, and a one or more second BA frames from the one or more second STAs, or only the one or more second block acknowledgement (BA) frames from the one or more second STAs to the second AP.
[0033] In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, an apparatus in a wireless local area network includes a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of above embodiments of the fourth aspect.
[0034] In a fifth broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) beamforming (Co-BF) or coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN, transmitting, to a second AP in the WLAN, a first frame that includes an invite frame for the MAPC between the first AP and at least the second AP. The invite frame is indicative of one or more of: whether a first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first stations (STAs) is needed for the MAPC, the one or more first scheduled STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange includes a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs, or the one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; a duration of the first control frame exchange; and a start time or a delay of a second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs, the one or more second scheduled STAs associated with the second AP, the second control frame exchange includes a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs, and a one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs. The method includes receiving, from the second AP, a second frame comprising a response frame.
[0035] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP, the first initial control frame to the one or more first STAs. The method may further include, in response to failing to successfully receive the all first initial control response frames from the all first STAs by the first AP, transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a termination frame, or assigning, by the first AP, a remainder of the TXOP to the second AP.
[0036] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the invite frame may be a coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) invite frame and the response frame may be a Co-BF response frame, the invite frame may be a Co-BF sounding invite frame and the response frame may be a Co-BF sounding response frame, or the invite frame may be a coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) invite frame and the response frame may be a Co-SR response frame.
[0037] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the response frame may be indicative of one or more of: whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs is needed for the MAPC, the second control frame exchange including the second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs, or the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs; a duration of the second control frame exchange; a start time for a transmission of a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP; and a delay for the transmission of the synchronization trigger frame by the first AP.
[0038] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP, the first initial control frame to the one or more first STAs. The method may include, for each first STA of the one or more first STAs for which the first AP fails to successfully receive a respective initial control response frame, transmitting a synchronization trigger frame which excludes a User Info Field for the first STA; transmitting the synchronization trigger frame which includes User Info Field for the first STA and transmitting a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having zero-energy for an ultra-high reliability (UHR) short training field (UHR-STF) , zero-energy for a UHR long training field (UHR-LTF) and zero-energy for a data portion on an assigned spatial stream to the first STA; or transmitting the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having each of the short training field (STF) , long training field (LTF) and a data portion for the first STA set to zeroes [MP11.1] or set to padding.
[0039] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP, the first initial control frame to the one or more first STAs, and in response to failing to successfully receive any first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs by the first AP, transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a termination frame; or assigning, by the first AP, a remainder of the TXOP to the second AP.
[0040] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the method may further include transmitting the synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP at a time determined according to the response frame.
[0041] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the invite frame may be indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange, the response frame may be indicative of a duration of the second control frame exchange, and the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame upon expiry of at least the duration of the first control frame exchange and the duration of the second control frame exchange.
[0042] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame. The invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame may be indicative of a duration associated with receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs.
[0043] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame. The invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame may be indicative of a duration associated with transmitting a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame by the first AP to the one or more first STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement (BA) frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs.
[0044] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame. The invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame may be indicative of one or more of: a duration associated with receiving one or more first block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs; a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of a multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second STAs; and a duration associated with a transmission of the MU-BAR frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and receiving, by the second AP, one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second STAs following the transmission of the respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second STAs.
[0045] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the method may further include transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP. The invite frame may be a first trigger frame with a first trigger type and the synchronization frame may be a second trigger frame with a second trigger type, the first and second trigger type may be each equal to 3 and corresponding to a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) trigger frame format.
[0046] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the invite frame may be a first trigger frame with a first trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the first trigger frame may be set to 3.
[0047] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the method may further include transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP. The invite frame may be a first trigger frame. The synchronization trigger frame may be a second trigger frame having a trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format. A BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the second trigger frame may be set to 3.
[0048] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the method may further include transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP. The synchronization frame may be a second trigger frame with a second trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to the BSRP trigger frame format, and a corresponding BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value of the second trigger frame may be set to a value less than 3.
[0049] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the first trigger frame may include, within a bit range, one or more of: an indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs is needed for the MAPC; a first duration field indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange; a start time field indicative of the start time or the delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs; and a second duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange. The bit range may include one or more of:one or more of bit B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of a Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Variant Common Info field; one or more of bits B17–B39 of a UHR Variant Special User Info field, and a one or more additional Special User Info fields assigned a Special Association identifier (AID) greater than 2007 or an ID of the second AP.
[0050] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first stations (STAs) is needed for the MAPC may be a 1-bit indication, the first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; the start time field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits; and the second duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the second duration in units of 1 μs.
[0051] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits and the second duration field has 10 bits.
[0052] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the response frame may include, within a bit range, one or more of: an indication of whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs is needed for the MAPC; a first duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange; and a start time field indicative of the start time or the delay for the transmission of the synchronization frame by the first AP. The bit range may include a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-Association identifier (per-AID) traffic identifier (TID) Info field of the response frame formatted as a Multi-STA Block Acknowledgement frame. The first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs, and the start time field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits.
[0053] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP. The synchronization frame may include, within a bit range, a first field indicative of a duration associated with a transmission of: a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs; or only receiving the one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following the transmission of the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs. The synchronization frame may include, within a bit range, a second field indicative of a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second STAs. The bit range may include one or more of: one or more of bits B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field; one or more of bits B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field; and one or more additional Special User Info (s) field assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID. The first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs;and the start time field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits.
[0054] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the first frame may further include the first initial control frame. Transmitting the first frame to the second AP may include transmitting the first frame to the second AP and the one or more first STAs. The first frame may be indicative of one or more of: whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs is needed for the MAPC; the duration of the first control frame exchange; and the start time or the delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs.
[0055] In an embodiment, invite frame may be indicative of at least one of: a duration for the one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs, and the start time or a delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs.
[0056] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the second frame may further include the second initial control frame.
[0057] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the response frame may include one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the second AP accepts or declines the invite frame for the MAPC. The one multi-bit Decision field may be further indicative of the second AP declining the invite frame for the MAPC and a reason for declining.
[0058] In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, an apparatus in a wireless local area network includes a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the fifth aspect.
[0059] In a sixth broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) between a first access point (AP) a wireless local area network (WLAN) and at least a second AP in the WLAN, includes, at the second AP, receiving, from the first AP, a first frame comprising an invite frame for the MAPC, the invite frame indicative of one or more of: whether a first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first AP’s stations (STAs) is needed for the MAPC, the one or more first AP’s STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange including a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first AP’s STAs, or the one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first AP’s STAs; a duration of the first control frame exchange; and a start time or a delay of a second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second AP’s STAs, the one or more second AP’s STAs associated with the second AP, the second control frame exchange including a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs, and a one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs. The method includes transmitting, to the first AP, a second frame comprising a response frame.
[0060] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the invite frame may be a coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) invite frame and the response frame may be a Co-BF response frame; the invite frame may be a Co-BF sounding invite frame and the response frame may be a Co-BF sounding response frame; or the invite frame may be a coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) invite frame and the response frame may be a Co-SR response frame.
[0061] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the response frame may be indicative of one or more of: whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC, the second control frame exchange including the second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs and the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs, or the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs; a duration of the second control frame exchange; a start time for a transmission of a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP; and a delay for the transmission of the synchronization trigger frame by the first AP.
[0062] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the second AP, the second initial control frame to the one or more second AP’s STAs. The method may include, for each second AP’s STA of the one or more second AP’s STAs for which the second AP fails to successfully receive a respective initial control response frame, transmitting a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having zero-energy for an ultra-high reliability (UHR) short training field (UHR-STF) , zero-energy for a long training field (UHR-LTF) , and zero-energy for a data portion on an assigned spatial stream to the second AP’s STA; or transmitting the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having each of the short training field (STF) , the LTF and the data portion for the second AP’s STA set to zeroes or set to padding.
[0063] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include transmitting, by the second AP, the second initial control frame to the one or more second AP’s STAs; and in response to failing to successfully receive any second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs by the second AP, transmitting, by the second AP to the first AP, a termination frame.
[0064] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the method may further include receiving the synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP at a time determined according to the response frame.
[0065] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the invite frame may be indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange, the response frame may be indicative of a duration of the second control frame exchange, and the method may further include receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame upon expiry of at least the duration of the first control frame exchange and the duration of the second control frame exchange.
[0066] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of a duration associated with receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs.
[0067] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method further include receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of a duration associated with transmitting a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement (BA) frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs.
[0068] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame. The invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame may be indicative of one or more of: a duration associated with receiving one or more first block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs; a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of a multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs; and a duration associated with a transmission of the MU-BAR frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs and receiving, by the second AP, one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs following the transmission of the respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs.
[0069] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the method may further include receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP. The invite frame may be a first trigger frame with a first trigger type and the synchronization frame may be a second trigger frame with a second trigger type, the first and second trigger type each equal to 3 and corresponding to a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) trigger frame format.
[0070] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the invite frame may be a first trigger frame with a first trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the first trigger frame may be set to 3.
[0071] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the method may further include receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP. The invite frame may be a first trigger frame. The synchronization trigger frame may be a second trigger frame having a trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the second trigger frame may be set to 3.
[0072] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the method may further include receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP, wherein the synchronization frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to the BSRP trigger frame format, wherein a corresponding BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value of the second trigger frame is set to a value less than 3.
[0073] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the first trigger frame may further include, within a bit range, one or more of: an indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC; a first duration field indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange; a start time field indicative of the start time or the delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second AP’s STAs; and a second duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange. The bit range may include one or more of: one or more of bit B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of a Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Variant Common Info field; one or more of bits B17–B39 of a UHR Variant Special User Info field, and a one or more additional Special User Info fields assigned a Special Association identifier (AID) greater than 2007 or an ID of the second AP.
[0074] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC may be a 1-bit indication; the first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; the start time field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits; and the second duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the second duration in units of 1 μs. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits and the second duration field has 10 bits.
[0075] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the response frame may include, within a bit range, one or more of: an indication of whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC; a first duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange; and a start time field indicative of the start time or the delay for the transmission of the synchronization frame by the first AP. The bit range may include a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-Association identifier (per-AID) traffic identifier (TID) Info field of the response frame formatted as a Multi-STA Block Acknowledgement frame. The first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; and the start time field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits.
[0076] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the MAPC may be in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, and the method may further include receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP. The synchronization frame may include, within a bit range, one or more of: a first field indicative of a duration associated with a transmission of: a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs, or only receiving the one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following the transmission of the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs; and a second field indicative of a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs. The bit range may include one or more of: one or more of bits B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field; one or more of bits B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field; and one or more additional Special User Info (s) field assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a second AP ID. The first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; and the start time field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits.
[0077] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the first frame may further include the first initial control frame, and transmitting the second frame to the first AP may include transmitting the second to the first AP and the one or more second AP’s STAs. The second frame may be indicative of one or more of: whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs is needed for the MAPC; the duration of the second control frame exchange; and the start time or the delay of the first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first AP’s STAs.
[0078] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the second frame may further include the second initial control frame.
[0079] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the response frame may include one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the second AP accepts or declines the invite frame for the MAPC. The one multi-bit Decision field may be indicative of the second AP declining the invite frame for the MAPC and a reason for declining.
[0080] In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, an apparatus in a wireless local area network includes a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the sixth aspect.
[0081] In a seventh broad aspect of the present disclosure, a system in a wireless local area network includes a first apparatus having a first processor and a first memory, the first memory including first machine executable instructions which when executed by the first processor configure the first apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the fifth aspect; and a second apparatus having a second processor and a second memory, the second memory including second machine executable instructions which when executed by the second processor configure the second apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the sixth aspect.
[0082] In an eighth broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN: transmitting, to a second AP in the WLAN, a sounding invite frame for sounding within the MAPC. The sounding invite frame is indicative of a sounding type indicative of joint or sequential sounding and one or more parameters: whether a first control frame exchange is present the first in-BSS sounding being between the first AP and one or more first STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange including a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs, or the one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; a first duration of communication for one or more of: the first control frame exchange; the first in-BSS sounding sequence; the duration allocated by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence in the same TXOP; and a null data packed announcement (NDPA) frame by the first AP for a first cross-BSS sounding between the first AP and the second AP; a start time for the second AP to transmit a null data packet (NDP) frame for the first cross-BSS sounding; and a start time for initiating, by the second AP, a second in-BSS sounding between the second AP and one or more second STAs associated with the second AP; a second duration of the second in-BSS sounding. The method includes receiving, from the second AP, a sounding response frame.
[0083] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding invite frame may be a trigger frame with a trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the first trigger frame may be set to 3.
[0084] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the one or more parameters may be indicated in a bit range comprising one or more of: one or more of bit B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of a Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Variant Common Info field; one or more of bits B17–B39 of a UHR Variant Special User Info field, and a one or more additional Special User Info fields assigned a Special Association identifier (AID) greater than 2007 or an ID of the second AP.
[0085] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding may be sequential sounding and the sounding invite frame may be further indicative of one or more of: whether the first in-BSS sounding is present in the sequential sounding; an order of the first in-BSS sounding and the first cross-BSS sounding; a first duration for the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs; a second duration for the first in-BSS sounding between the first AP and the one or more first STAs; and a third duration for the allocated duration by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence in the same TXOP..
[0086] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, indication of the sounding type may be a 1-bit indication; the first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 1 μs; the second duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 16 μs; and the third duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 16 μs. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits; the second duration field has 8 bits; and the third duration field has 8 bits.
[0087] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding may be a joint sounding and the sounding invite frame may be further indicative of a first duration for the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs; and a second duration for the allocated duration by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence in the same TXOP..
[0088] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding response frame may be indicative of one or more of: whether a second control frame exchange is present, the second control frame exchange including a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and a one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs, or the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs; a second duration of communication for one or more of: the second control frame exchange; the second in-BSS sounding; and a NDPA frame by the second AP for a second cross-BSS sounding between the first AP and the second AP; and a start time for the first AP to transmit an NDP frame for the second cross-BSS sounding.
[0089] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding response frame may include one or more of: a first duration field indicative of the duration of a second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs; a second duration field indicative of the duration required by the second AP from the first AP to complete its sounding sequence in the same TXOP.
[0090] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the response frame may include, within a bit range, one or more of: the first duration field; and the second duration field. The bit range may include a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-Association identifier (per-AID) traffic identifier (TID) Info field of the response frame formatted as a Multi-STA Block Acknowledgement frame.
[0091] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the indication of the sounding type may be a 1-bit indication; the first duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 1 μs; and the second duration field may have 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 16 μs. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the first duration field has 10 bits; and the second duration field has 8 bits.
[0092] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding may be a sequential sounding and the sounding response frame may be further indicative of one or more of: whether the second in-BSS sounding is present in the sequential sounding; and an order of the second in-BSS sounding and the second cross-BSS sounding.
[0093] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the sounding response frame may include one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the second AP accepts or declines the sounding within the MAPC. The one multi-bit Decision field may be indicative of the second AP declining the sounding within the MAPC and a reason for declining.
[0094] In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, an apparatus in a wireless local area network includes a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the eighth aspect.
[0095] In a ninth broad aspect of the present disclosure, a method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN: receiving, from a second AP in the WLAN, a sounding invite frame for sounding within the MAPC. The sounding invite frame is indicative of one or more of: whether a first control frame exchange is present within a first in-basic service set (in-BSS) sounding sequence of the MAPC, the first in-BSS sounding being between the second AP and one or more first STAs associated with the second AP, the first control frame exchange including a first initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs, or the one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; a first duration of communication for one or more of: the first control frame exchange; the first in-BSS sounding; and a null data packed announcement (NDPA) frame by the second AP for a first cross-BSS sounding between the second AP and the first AP; a start time for the first AP to transmit a null data packet (NDP) frame for the first cross-BSS sounding; and a start time for initiating, by the first AP, a second in-BSS sounding between the first AP and one or more second STAs [MP64.1] associated with the first AP. the method includes transmitting, to the second AP, a sounding response frame.
[0096] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP, the first NDP frame for the first cross-BSS sounding concurrently with a second NDP frame for the first cross-BSS sounding transmitted by the second AP.
[0097] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the method may further include successfully receiving, by the first AP from the one or more first STAs, corresponding one or more channel state information (CSI) reports during the first cross-BSS sounding.
[0098] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the first AP may fail to successfully receive at least one channel state information (CSI) report from the one or more first STAs during the first cross-BSS sounding.
[0099] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a response frame, in response to an invite frame for the MAPC in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the second AP and at least the first AP. The response frame may include a decline indicator and a Decline Info field value indicative of a failure in the sounding within the MAPC.
[0100] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a request for a repeat CSI reporting from the one or more first STAs for a channel state between the second AP and the one or more first STAs. In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the request may include a recommended CSI Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and subfield and a recommended CSI Number of Spatial Streams (NSS) subfield for the repeat CSI reporting.
[0101] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the method may further include transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a request for a repeat CSI reporting directly from the second AP, the repeat CSI reporting being for a channel state between the second AP and the one or more first STA.
[0102] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the sounding response frame may include one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the first AP accepts or declines the sounding within the MAPC. The one multi-bit Decision field may be indicative of the first AP declining the sounding within the MAPC and a reason for declining.
[0103] In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, an apparatus in a wireless local area network that includes a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the ninth aspect.
[0104] In a tenth broad aspect of the present disclosure, a system in a wireless local area network includes a first apparatus having a first processor and a first memory, the first memory including first machine executable instructions which when executed by the first processor configure the first apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the eighth aspect; and a second apparatus having a second processor and a second memory, the second memory including second machine executable instructions which when executed by the second processor configure the second apparatus to perform the method of any one of the above embodiments of the ninth aspect.
[0105] In an embodiment of any one of the above aspects, the one or more first STAs and the one or more second STAs may be STAs that need some time to prepare for receiving a downlink transmission.
[0106] According to aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by a processor to configure a node of a network according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0107] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided one or more circuits such as one or more processors for configuring a node of a network according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0108] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided one or more processors functionally connected to one or more memories for configuring a node of a network according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0109] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided an apparatus including one or more processors functionally connected to one or more memories for configuring a node of a network according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0110] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage devices including computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause one or more circuits to configure a node of a network according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0111] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided an apparatus that is configured according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0112] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by an apparatus, the apparatus is enabled according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0113] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a computer program product including one or more instructions. When the instructions are executed by an apparatus such as a computer, the apparatus is enabled according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0114] According to one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a computer, an apparatus is enabled according to any one or more embodiments as defined herein.
[0115] Embodiments have been described above in conjunction with aspects of the present disclosure upon which they can be implemented. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments may be implemented in conjunction with the aspect with which they are described but may also be implemented with other embodiments of that aspect. When embodiments are mutually exclusive, or are incompatible with each other, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Some embodiments may be described in relation to one aspect, but may also be applicable to other aspects, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0116] Further features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:
[0117] FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram showing a communication system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0118] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device that may perform any or all operations of the above methods and features explicitly or implicitly described herein, according to different embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a basic service Set (BSS) based multi-AP environment, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0120] FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of an access point (AP) of the communication network of the communication system shown in FIG. 1, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0121] FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic diagram of a station (STA) of the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0122] FIG. 6 is a diagram of a Co-BF sequential sounding sequence in the prior art.
[0123] FIG. 7 is a diagram of a Co-BF joint sounding sequence in the prior art.
[0124] FIG. 8 is a diagram of a Co-BF transmission sequence in the prior art.
[0125] FIG. 9A is a diagram of a Co-BF / Co-SR 3-way handshake for the transmission phase, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0126] FIG. 9B is a diagram of a Co-BF / Co-SR 3-way handshake with a termination due to lack of ICR acknowledgement by Shared AP side, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0127] FIG. 9C is a diagram of a Co-BF / Co-SR 3-way handshake with a termination due to lack of ICR acknowledgement by Sharing AP side, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0128] FIG. 9D is a diagram of a Co-BF / Co-SR 3-way handshake for the transmission phase with interframe spacings explicit, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0129] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a Co-BF / Co-SR 3-way handshake in which APs support sending TB PPDUs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0130] FIG. 11 is a diagram of an enhanced Co-BF sequential sounding sequence, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0131] FIG. 12A is a diagram of an enhanced Co-BF joint sounding sequence, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0132] FIG. 12B is a diagram of another enhanced Co-BF sequential sounding procedure, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0133] FIG. 13A is a diagram of a sequential sounding in which a sharing AP does not properly receive CSI from a shared AP’s stations, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0134] FIG. 13B is a diagram of a joint sounding in which a sharing AP does not properly receive CSI from a shared AP’s stations, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0135] FIG. 14 is a depiction of a Co-BF Response frame with a Decline Info field, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0136] It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings attempts have been made to ensure that like features are identified by like reference numerals.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0137] Embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage devices for wireless communication. The wireless communication systems, apparatuses, and methods disclosed herein may be any suitable systems, apparatuses, and methods for transmitting wireless signals. Examples of such systems may be wireless local-area network (WLAN) systems (for example, IEEE 802.11bn or Wi-FiTM 8 systems and future Wi-FiTM systems) , 5G or 6G wireless mobile communication systems, and the like. Embodiments disclosed herein relate to the standardization of next generation of IEEETM 802.11 standard (s) . This disclosure is applicable to APs and STAs. Some or all of methods disclosed herein may be incorporated into a future 3GPPTM standard.
[0138] More reliable means are desired of ensuring timely multi-AP coordination communications that do not depend solely on overhearing outside-of-BSS communications.
[0139] To mitigate the aforementioned issues, developers of the present technology propose a solution that does not rely solely on overhearing but instead incorporates explicit information exchange between the Sharing AP and the Shared AP. By using Co-BF / Co-SR Invite, Response, and Sync frames, APs can directly communicate key parameters such as the duration, delay and timing of required control frame exchanges. This approach enhances the robustness of the coordination process, reduces transmission delays, and ensures more reliable and efficient Co-BF / Co-SR operations in multi-AP environments.
[0140] The present disclosure aims to address technical challenges associated with the reliance on overhearing in Co-BF / Co-SR operations. One of the problems is the unreliable nature of overhearing due to interference, signal attenuation, and varying deployment environments, which can lead to coordination failures between APs and their associated non-AP STAs. Without a reliable means of exchanging critical control frames-such as Initial Control Frames (ICF) , Initial Control Responses (ICR) , Multi-User Block Acknowledgment Request (MU-BAR) , and Block Acknowledgment (BA) frames-the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase may suffer from increased delays and synchronization errors.
[0141] Additionally, the existing Co-BF / Co-SR framework lacks a robust fallback mechanism when overhearing fails, leading to unnecessary retransmissions, increased latency, and inefficient resource utilization. The present disclosure seeks to resolve these challenges by introducing explicit information exchange between the Sharing AP and the Shared AP, ensuring that both APs have access to all required control and CSI information regardless of overhearing success. By establishing a structured and reliable exchange mechanism, the proposed approach enhances synchronization, minimizes delays, and significantly improves the reliability of Co-BF / Co-SR operations.
[0142] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a basic service set (BSS) based environment. Each BSS 20 is served by an AP 30. Accordingly BSS 20A is served by AP 30A, BSS 20B is served by AP 30B, and BSS 20C is served by AP 30C. As can be seen STA 10A is within BSS 20A, whereas STA 10B is within both BSS 20A and BSS 20B, and STA 10C is within both BSS 20C and BSS 20A. STA 10A, being within BSS 20A, would be served by (or associated with) AP 30A. STA 10B being within both BSS 20A and BSS 20B, could be served by AP 30A or 30B. However, if STA 10B is served by AP 30A, it may receive co-channel interference from AP 30B. Coordinated sounding and beamforming is a proposed solution for such co-channel interference.
[0143] Throughout the present application, an access point that initiates multi-AP coordination (MAPC) in the form of coordinated sounding, coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) or coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) is referred to as AP1 or a Sharing AP since it has a transmission opportunity (TXOP) that it is offering to share with other one or more APs. The AP (s) on the receiving end of the multi-AP coordination request is (are) referred to herein as the Shared AP (s) or AP2 (s) .
[0144] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device 200 that may perform any or all of operations of the disclosure’s methods and features explicitly or implicitly described herein, according to different embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, a computer equipped with network function may be configured as device 200. As may be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, the device 200 can represent one or more entities described herein, for example, an AP, a STA, or the like.
[0145] As shown, the device 200 may include a processor 210, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or specialized processors such as a graphics processing unit (GPU) or other such processor unit, memory 220, non-transitory mass storage 230, input-output interface 1040, network interface 250, and a transceiver 260, all of which are communicatively coupled via bi-directional bus 270. According to certain embodiments, any or all of the depicted elements may be utilized, or only a subset of the elements. Further, device 200 may contain multiple instances of certain elements, such as multiple processors, memories, or transceivers. Also, elements of the hardware device may be directly coupled to other elements without the bi-directional bus. Additionally, or alternatively to a processor and memory, other electronics, such as integrated circuits, may be employed for performing the required logical operations.
[0146] The memory 220 may include any type of non-transitory memory such as static random access memory (SRAM) , dynamic random access memory (DRAM) , synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , any combination of such, or the like. The mass storage element 230 may include any type of non-transitory storage device, such as a solid state drive, hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, USB drive, or any computer program product configured to store data and machine executable program code. According to certain embodiments, the memory 220 or mass storage 230 may have recorded thereon statements and instructions executable by the processor 210 for performing any of the aforementioned method operations described above.
[0147] Embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented using electronics hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the disclosure is implemented by one or multiple computer processors executing program instructions stored in memory. In some embodiments, the disclosure is implemented partially or fully in hardware, for example using one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to rapidly perform processing operations. This disclosure is particularly applicable to Wi-FiTM APs and STAs with Multi-AP Coordination, dynamic power saving (DPS) , and / or enhanced Multi-Link Single Radio (eMLSR) capabilities, in particular, Wi-FiTM 8 and future APs or devices.
[0148] FIG. 3 schematically shows a communication system according to some embodiments of this disclosure, generally identified using reference numeral 300. As an example, the communication system 300 may be a Wi-FiTM system built under relevant standards such as IEEETM 802.11 standard. As shown, the communication system 300 includes a plurality of interconnected networking devices 302, such as a plurality of interconnected access points (APs; also called “base stations” ) , forming a distribution system (DS) 304 which is in turn connected to other networks, such as the Internet 306, which may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) , and / or the like.
[0149] Each AP 302 is in wireless communication with one or more mobile or stationary stations 312 (STAs) through respective wireless channels 314 for providing wireless network connects thereto. Herein, the APs 302 and STAs 312 may be considered as different types of network nodes (or simply “nodes” ) of the communication system 300. Each AP 302 and the STAs 312 connected thereto form a cell or basic service set (BSS) 318.
[0150] FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of an AP 302. As shown, the AP 302 includes at least one processing unit 442 (also denoted at least one “processor” ) , at least one transmitter (Tx) 444, at least one receiver (RX) 446 (collectively referred to as a transceiver) , one or more antennas 448, at least one memory 450, and one or more input / output components or interfaces 452. A scheduler 454 may be coupled to the processing unit 442. The scheduler 454 may be included within or operated separately from the AP 302. Each of these components 442 to 454 may be implemented as one or more circuits (such as one or more electronic circuits and / or one or more optical circuits) . Alternatively, the ensemble of these components 442 to 454 may be implemented as one or more circuits.
[0151] The processing unit 442 is configured for performing various one or more processing operations, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other suitable functionalities. The processing unit 442 may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , and / or the like. In some embodiments, the processing unit 442 may execute computer-executable instructions or code stored in the memory 450 to perform various the procedures (otherwise referred to as methods) described herein.
[0152] Each transmitter 444 may include any suitable structure for generating signals, such as control signals as described in detail herein, for wireless transmission to one or more STAs 312. Each receiver 446 may include any suitable structure for processing signals received wirelessly from one or more STAs 312. Although shown as separate components, at least one transmitter 444 and at least one receiver 446 may be integrated and implemented as a transceiver. Each antenna 448 may include any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals. Although common antennas 448 are shown in FIG. 4 as being coupled to both the transmitter 444 and the receiver 446, a first one or more antennas 448 may be coupled to the transmitter 444, and a second one or more other antennas 448 may be coupled to the receiver 446.
[0153] In some embodiments, an AP 302 may include a plurality of transmitters 444 and receivers 446 (or a plurality of transceivers) together with a plurality of antennas 448 for communication in its cell 318.
[0154] Each memory 450 may include any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage such as RAM, ROM, hard disk, optical disc, SIM card, solid-state memory, memory stick, SD memory card, and / or the like. The memory 450 may be used for storing instructions executable by the processing unit 442 and data used, generated, or collected by the processing unit 442. For example, the memory 450 may store instructions of software, software systems, or software modules that are executable by the processing unit 442 for implementing some or all of the functionalities and / or embodiments of the methods performed by an AP 302 described herein.
[0155] Each input / output component 452 enables interaction with a user or other devices in the communication system 300. Each input / output device 452 may include any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user and may be, for example, a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a keyboard, a display, a touch screen, a network communication interface, and / or the like.
[0156] Herein, the STAs 312 may be any suitable wireless device that may join the communication system 300 via an AP 302 for wireless operation. In various embodiments, a STA 312 may be a wireless electronic device used by a human or user (such as a smartphone, a cellphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a laptop, a desktop computer, a tablet, a smart watch, a consumer electronics device, and / or the like) . A STA 312 may alternatively be a wireless sensor, an Internet-of-things (IoT) device, a robot, a shopping cart, a vehicle, a smart TV, a smart appliance, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, or the like. Depending on the implementation, the STA 112 may be movable autonomously or under the direct or remote control of a human, or may be positioned at a fixed position.
[0157] In some embodiments, a STA 312 may be a multimode wireless electronic device capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0158] In addition, some or all of the STAs 312 include functionality for communicating with different wireless devices and / or wireless networks via different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Additionally or alternately to communicating wirelessly, the STAs 312 may communicate via wired communication channels to other devices or switches (not shown) , and to the Internet 306. For example, a plurality of STAs 312 (such as STAs 312 in proximity with each other) may communicate with each other directly via suitable wired or wireless sidelinks.
[0159] FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic diagram of a STA 312. As shown, the STA 312 includes at least one processing unit 562, at least one transceiver 564, at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) 566, one or more input / output components 570, at least one memory 572, and at least one other communication component 574. Each of these components 562 to 574 may be implemented as one or more circuits (such as one or more electronic circuits and / or one or more optical circuits) . Alternatively, the ensemble of these components 562 to 574 may be implemented as one or more circuits. In various embodiments, the STA 312 may also include other components as needed or as desired.
[0160] The processing unit 562 is configured for performing various processing operations such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other functionalities to enable the STA 312 to access and join the communication system 300 and operate therein. The processing unit 562 may also be configured to implement some or all of the functionalities of the STA 312 described in this disclosure. The processing unit 562 may include a central processing unit (CPU) , a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, an accelerator, a graphic processing unit (GPU) , a tensor processing unit (TPU) , a FPGA, or an ASIC. Examples of the processing unit 562 may be an microprocessor (ARM is a registered trademark of Arm Ltd., Cambridge, UK) manufactured by a variety of manufactures such as of San Diego, California, USA, under the architecture, an microprocessor ( is a registered trademark of Intel Corp., Santa Clara, CA, USA) , an microprocessor (AMD is a registered trademark of Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) , and the like. In some embodiments, the processing unit 562 may execute computer-executable instructions or code stored in the memory 572 to perform various processes described below.
[0161] The at least one transceiver 564 may be configured for modulating data or other content for transmission by the at least one antenna 566 to communicate with an AP 302. The transceiver 564 is also configured for demodulating data or other content received by the at least one antenna 566. Each transceiver 564 may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly. Each antenna 566 may include any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals. Although shown as a single functional unit, a transceiver 564 may be implemented separately as at least one transmitter and at least one receiver.
[0162] The one or more input / output components 570 are configured for interaction with a user or other devices in the communication system 300. Each input / output component 570 may include any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user and may be, for example, a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a keyboard, a display, a touch screen, and / or the like.
[0163] The at least one memory 572 is configured for storing instructions executable by the processing unit 562 and data used, generated, or collected by the processing unit 562. For example, the memory 572 may store instructions of software, software systems, or software modules that are executable by the processing unit 562 for implementing some or all of the functionalities and / or embodiments of the STA 312 described herein. Each memory 572 may include any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval components such as RAM, ROM, hard disk, optical disc, SIM card, solid-state memory modules, memory stick, SD memory card, and / or the like.
[0164] The at least one other communication component 574 is configured for communicating with other devices such as other STAs 312 via other communication means such as a radio link, a link ( is a registered trademark of Bluetooth Sig Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA) , a wired sidelink, and / or the like. Examples of the wired sidelink may be a USB cable, a network cable, a parallel cable, a serial cable, and / or the like.
[0165] In some embodiments, a STA 312 may include a plurality of transceivers 564 and a plurality of antennas 566 for communication with an AP 302.
[0166] In the communication between the AP 302 and the STA 312, a transmission from the STA 312 to the AP 302 is usually denoted an uplink (UL) and the wireless channel used therefor is denoted an uplink channel. A transmission from the AP 302 to the STA 312 is usually denoted a downlink (DL) and the wireless channel used therefor is denoted a downlink channel.
[0167] In physical layer (PHY) , the frequency-time resource of the channel 314 is partitioned into physical layer protocol data units (PPDUs; also called “packets” ) , and the AP 302 or STA 312 transmits data as PPDUs or packets. Suitable modulation technologies may be used for communication between the AP 302 and the STA 312. For example, in some embodiments, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) may be used wherein the channel 314 is composed of a plurality orthogonal subcarriers for communication between the AP 302 and the STA 312. Moreover, as there are usually a plurality of STAs 312 in communication with a same AP 302, suitable multiple-access technologies may be used. For example, in some embodiments, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) may be used for communication between the AP 302 and STAs 312.
[0168] The Co-BF operation fundamentally relies on beam nulling, where participating APs should suppress their transmission signals at the non-AP STAs associated with the other AP to minimize interference. This requires each AP to obtain accurate Channel State Information (CSI) from the Overlapping Basic Service Set (OBSS) STAs that will be scheduled during the Co-BF transmission. To achieve this, a coordinated channel sounding sequence is performed, enabling each AP to collect the necessary CSI. While CSI from in-BSS STAs can also be gathered, the primary focus is on ensuring that OBSS APs have the required information for effective beamforming.
[0169] An existing approach, as outlined in IEEETM 802.11bn contribution 11-25 / 412r3, builds on a legacy sounding sequence that uses Null Data Packet (NDP) and NDP Announcement (NDPA) frames. Two sounding methods have been introduced: Sequential Sounding and Joint Sounding, both designed to facilitate CSI acquisition while maintaining compatibility with eMLSR and DPS clients. In these sequences, ICF / ICR exchanges are included before NDPA transmissions to support coordinated beamforming and confirm the availability and readiness for scheduled non-AP STAs that may need some time to be ready for receiving DL transmission, e.g., MLSR and DPS non-AP STAs. Additionally, a Co-BF Sounding Request / Response frame exchange between the two APs was proposed to confirm availability, willingness to participate, and the type of sounding sequence being initiated. In cases where non-AP STAs operate in modes that do not require ICF / ICR exchanges, the sequence can proceed without them.
[0170] FIG. 6 shows an example of Co-BF sequential sounding sequence 600, as outlined in IEEETM 802.11bn contribution 11-25 / 412r3. FIG. 7 shows a joint sounding sequence 700, as outlined in IEEETM 802.11bn contribution 11-25 / 412r3, which is analogous to the Co-BF sequential sounding sequence.
[0171] FIG. 8 shows a Co-BF transmission sequence 800 from IEEETM 802.11bn contribution 11-25 / 412r3. The Co-BF transmission phase consists of a three-way handshake between the two APs, such as AP1 810 and AP2 820 of FIG. 8, followed by data transmission (e.g., DL PPDU 838a by AP1 810 and DL PPDU 838b by AP2 820 of FIG. 8) and BA (Block Acknowledgment) exchange (e.g., MU-BAR 839 by AP1 810 and BA 840 by its associated (one or more) STAs 811, and MU-BAR 841 by AP2 820 and BA 842 by its associated (one or more) STAs 821 of FIG. 8) . During this initial handshake, APs share information about their scheduled clients (STAs) to enable accurate CSI selection, agree on transmission parameters, and establish time and frequency synchronization.
[0172] The above-noted handshake involves three key frame exchanges. The first key frame exchange is a Co-BF Invite frame (e.g., Co-BF Invite 831 of FIG. 8) , in which the Sharing AP (e.g., AP1 810 of FIG. 8) invites the Shared AP (e.g., AP2 820 of FIG. 8) to the Co-BF TXOP (e.g., Co-BF TXOP 805 of FIG. 8) and provides scheduled STA information for its STAs (e.g., STA1 811 of FIG. 8; notably, only one STA1 811 is shown for clarity of illustration) . The second key frame exchange is a Co-BF Response frame (e.g., Co-BF Response 832 of FIG. 8) , in which the Shared AP (e.g., AP2 820 of FIG. 8) either accepts or declines the invitation and shares its own scheduled STA information for its STAs (e.g., STA2 821 of FIG. 8; notably, only one STA2 821 is shown for clarity of illustration) . The third key frame exchange is a Co-BF Synchronization (Sync. ) Trigger frame (e.g., Co-BF Synchronization trigger 837 of FIG. 8) , which serves as a synchronization reference and conveys additional parameters required for joint transmission. The Co-BF Trigger / Sync frame is used for synchronization and to share any remaining information needed for DL PPDU construction.
[0173] Similarly to the sounding process (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7) , ICF / ICR exchanges are typically necessary to support STAs, such as eMLSR and DPS non-AP STAs. To reduce the complexity of Co-BF sequences, prior IEEETM 802.11bn contribution 11-25 / 412r3 introduced staggered ICF / ICR frame exchanges across the two BSSs. After completing Co-BF operational agreements and transmission preparation, STAs proceed with their own preparation for data exchanges, such as those including link activation for eMLSR or mode switching from low capability mode to high capability mode for DPS STAs.
[0174] The traditional Co-BF / Co-SR framework heavily relies on the assumption that APs and their associated non-AP STAs can reliably overhear each other’s transmissions, such as ICRs, BAs, and CSIs. However, in practical deployments, this assumption often fails due to factors such as interference, signal attenuation, and hardware limitations, leading to delays and critical challenges in coordination. In a first example case in which the Shared AP misses overhearing the ICR (s) from the Sharing AP’s (one or more) non-AP STAs, the Shared AP may not proceed with exchanging its own ICF / ICR with its scheduled STAs, and the start of actual DL transmissions is delayed. In a second example case in which the Sharing AP misses overhearing the ICR (s) from the Shared AP’s (one or more) non-AP STAs, the Sharing AP may not send the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, and the start of actual DL transmissions is delayed. In a third example case in which the Shared AP misses overhearing the BA (s) from the Sharing AP’s (one or more) non-AP STAs, the Shared AP may not proceed with exchanging its own MU-BAR / BA with its scheduled (one or more) STAs.
[0175] The above noted challenges are not limited to the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase and may also occur during the Co-BF sounding process. The present disclosure introduces a novel approach to enhance the reliability and efficiency of Co-BF / Co-SR and Sounding operations by eliminating the sole dependence on overhearing. Instead, embodiments disclosed herein establish an explicit information exchange mechanism between the Sharing AP and the Shared AP, facilitating seamless coordination even in challenging network conditions.
[0176] In embodiments, in order to facilitate efficient MAP coordination, both APs may explicitly indicate whether they will include ICF / ICR exchanges in the sequence. The Sharing AP can specify this information in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite or the Co-BF Sounding invite, while the Shared AP can confirm its scheduling of its STAs (e.g., eMLSR / DPS clients) and the inclusion of ICF / ICR in the Co-BF / Co-SR Response or the Co-BF Sounding response, respectively.
[0177] In some embodiments, the explicit information exchange mechanism (s) between the Sharing AP and the Shared AP, such as those indicative of ICF / ICR and / or MU-BAR-BA exchanges between APs and their STAs, may be implemented as a default setting in MAP coordination. Herein, STAs associated with an AP or AP’s STAs are intended to be non-AP STAs scheduled to the AP, unless indicated otherwise.
[0178] In some embodiments, the explicit information exchange mechanism (s) between the Sharing AP and the Shared AP, such as those indicative of ICF / ICR and / or MU-BAR-BA exchanges between APs and their STAs, may be implemented as a fallback mechanism to handle cases where overhearing fails. By predefining explicit signaling methods, whether as a fallback mechanism or as a default setting, the APs can ensure that critical information is shared reliably, preventing transmission failures and unnecessary retransmissions. Embodiments of the present disclosure improve overall network efficiency by reducing synchronization errors and transmission delays. By providing a more robust and deterministic MAP coordination method, the scalability of Co-BF / Co-SR operations in dense wireless environments is improved, making such operations more resilient to real-world deployment challenges.
[0179] In a first major aspect of the present disclosure, an enhanced frame exchange and timing mechanism for the Transmission Phase of Co-BF / Co-SR is provided. FIG. 9A shows an example temporal and structural messaging sequence 901 for a three-way handshake between a Sharing AP 910, Shared AP 920, and their respective STAs, STA1 911 and STA2 921. One STA is shown for each AP, however, as readily understood by a person skilled in the art, the sequence is similarly applicable to scenarios where an AP has more than one scheduled STA.
[0180] The sequence 901 begins with the Sharing AP 910 transmitting a Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame 931 to the Shared AP 920.
[0181] In embodiments, within the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame, the Sharing AP may indicate to the Shared AP, and the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may correspondingly include, one or more parameters related to the timing (e.g., start time) of an ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its STA (s) . One or more of these parameters may be indications or flags.
[0182] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may be an indication of whether the ICF / ICR frame (s) between sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STA (s) , especially for non-AP STAs that may need some time to be ready for the DL transmission (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) , are needed in the sequence (e.g., sequence 901 of FIG. 9A) . Such parameter may be referred to as an in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag.
[0183] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may be a duration of the ICF / ICR exchange (if it is required or needed) between the Sharing AP and its scheduled STA (s) . If no ICF / ICR exchange between the Sharing AP and its scheduled STA (s) needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may set to 0 or be reserved.
[0184] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may be a start time for the Shared AP to start its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) (if required or needed) . Such parameter may be referred to as a Shared AP’s ICF Transmission Delay Time.
[0185] In some embodiments, such start time may be set in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame such that the Shared AP can begin its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) (if required or needed) immediately after or as soon as the Sharing AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if required or needed) (e.g., according to an estimation / calculation / prediction of the time needed for the Sharing AP to complete its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs) , with a Short Interframe Space (SIFS) gap. In some cases, such start time can also take into account the time that may be needed for the Sharing AP to re-exchange any unsuccessfully received (e.g., not received, partially received) ICF / ICR with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) , for example if one or more ICRs were not successfully received by the Sharing AP. Additionally or alternatively, such start time may also be adjusted to facilitate sending or to take into account the time that may be needed for the Sharing AP to send a Co-BF / Co-SR termination (e.g., a public action frame) to the Shared AP if the Sharing AP needs to terminate the current Co-BF / Co-SR sequence, for example if none of the ICRs from the Sharing AP’s scheduled STAs were successfully received.
[0186] In some embodiments, such start time may be set such that the Shared AP can begin its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) (if required or needed) after a duration greater than SIFS (e.g., a Point Coordination Function Interframe Space (PIFS) ) following the ICF / ICR exchange between the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STA (s) (if such is required or needed) . Such longer gap timing provides the Sharing AP an opportunity to transmit a Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame (see example described further herein with reference to FIG. 9B) , if needed, for example if none of its scheduled non-AP STAs respond to its ICF, before the Shared AP initiates its own ICF / ICR exchange (if needed or required) . If the Sharing AP sends a Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame (e.g., public action frame) to the Shared AP before the start time for the Shared AP to begin exchanging ICF / ICR with its own scheduled non-AP STA (s) , then the Shared AP may not proceed with the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase with the Sharing AP.
[0187] FIG. 9B shows an example temporal and structural messaging sequence 902 for a three-way handshake between a Sharing AP 910, Shared AP 920, and their respective STAs, STA1 911 and STA2 921. The sequence 902 begins with the Sharing AP 910 transmitting a Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame 931b to the Shared AP 920 that (directly or indirectly) indicates, to the Shared AP 920, to begin its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) at the start time TICF2 961b. The start time TICF2 961b takes into account the duration of the Sharing APs'ICF / ICR exchange (and optionally possible re-exchange) with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) , from start time of the Sharing AP’s sending the ICF 933b at TICF1 951 to the (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted) end time TICR1 952 of the Sharing AP’s (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted) receiving the ICR (s) from its scheduled non-AP STAs that is followed by a fourth gap 909x that is greater than SIFS.
[0188] The Shared AP 920 receives the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame 931b and, following a first SIFS gap 909a, transmits a Co-BF / Co-SR Response frame 932b to the Sharing AP 910. The Sharing AP 910 receives the Co-BF / Co-SR Response frame 932b and, following a second SIFS gap 909b, transmits the ICF 933b to its STA1 911 at the start time TICF1 951. STA1 911 receive (s) the ICF 933b and, following a third SIFS gap 909c, begin transmitting (or transmit none of) respective ICR (s) 934b, none of which the Sharing AP 910 receives successfully by its (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted, set) end time TICR1 952. The Sharing AP 910 then transmits a Co-BF termination 991 to the Shared AP 920. The Shared AP 920 receives the Co-BF termination 991 before its scheduled start time TICF2 961b for beginning its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled STA2 921 and does not transmit its ICF 935b to its STA2 921.
[0189] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may be an indication of a duration or time allocated for the Shared AP’s ICF / ICR exchange (if such is required or needed) . In some cases, this duration or time allocated can also take into account the time that may be needed for the Shared AP to re-exchange any unsuccessfully received (e.g., not received, partially received) ICF / ICR with its scheduled non-AP STAs, in case one or more ICRs were not successfully received by the Shared AP, or to send a Co-BF / Co-SR termination (e.g., a public action frame) to the Sharing AP if all ICRs were not received correctly. In some cases, this duration or time allocated may take into account the time that may be needed for the Shared AP to exchange ICF / ICR with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) , and give the Shared AP the opportunity to transmit a Co-BF termination frame, for example if none of its scheduled non-AP STAs respond to its ICF, before the Sharing AP initiates transmitting the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame. If the Shared AP sends a Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame (e.g., public action frame) to the Sharing AP before the start time for the Sharing AP to send Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, then the Sharing AP may not proceed with the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase with the Shared AP.
[0190] FIG. 9C shows an example temporal and structural messaging sequence 903 for a three-way handshake between a Sharing AP 910, Shared AP 920, and their respective STAs, STA1 911 and STA2 921. The sequence 903 begins with the Sharing AP 910 transmitting a Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame 931c to the Shared AP 920 that (directly or indirectly) indicates, to the Shared AP 920, to begin its ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) at the start time TICF2 961c. The start time TICF2 961c takes into account the duration of the Sharing APs'ICF / ICR exchange (and optionally possible re-exchange) with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) , from start time of the Sharing AP’s sending the ICF 933c at TICF1 951 to the (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted) end time TICR1 952 of the Sharing AP’s (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted) receiving the ICR (s) from its scheduled non-AP STAs that is followed by a fourth gap 909x that is greater than SIFS.
[0191] The Shared AP 920 receives the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame 931c and, following a first SIFS gap 909a, transmits a Co-BF / Co-SR Response frame 932c to the Sharing AP 910. The Sharing AP 910 receives the Co-BF / Co-SR Response frame 932c and, following a second SIFS gap 909b, transmits the ICF 933c to its STA1 911 at the start time TICF1 951. STA1 911 receive (s) the ICF 933c and, following a third SIFS gap 909c, begin transmitting respective ICR (s) 934c, at least one of which the Sharing AP 910 receives successfully by its (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted, set) end time TICR1 952.
[0192] The Shared AP 920, following the fourth SIFS gap 909x, transmits the ICF 935c to its STA2 921 at the start time TICF2 961c. STA2 921 receive (s) the ICF 935c and, following a fifth SIFS gap 909c, begin transmitting (or fail to transmit) respective ICR (s) 936c, none of which the Shared AP 920 receives successfully by its (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted, set) end time TICR2 962c.
[0193] As the Sharing AP 910 waits for the duration of Shared AP’s ICF / ICR exchange with its STA (s) followed by a sixth gap 909y that is greater than SIFS, the Shared AP 920 transmits a Co-BF termination 992 to the Sharing AP 910. The Sharing AP 910 receives the Co-BF termination 992 before its scheduled transmission of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame 937c and does not transmit the latter.
[0194] In embodiments, more generally, some of such parameters of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may relate to the timing of an ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its STA (s) directly, for example, by indicating a start time for the Shared AP to begin its ICF / ICR exchange, or by indicating a delay time after which the Shared AP can begin its ICF / ICR exchange. Some of such parameters may relate to the timing of an ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its STA (s) indirectly, for example by indicating whether the ICF / ICR exchange between the Sharing AP and its STA (s) is required. Such indication may be referred to as an in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag which the Shared AP may interpret as an indication for it to wait a certain amount of time (e.g., a preset amount of time, a pre-agreed or pre-negotiated amount of time, an indicated amount of time if such indication (e.g., delay, start time) is further present in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame) , before initiating its own ICF / ICR exchange with its STAs.
[0195] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may be a recommended Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) level to be included in the Shared AP’s ICF to its STAs for use by the non-AP STAs’ ICRs associated with the Shared AP. The value of such recommended MCS level can be based on the worst-case scenario for all sounded Shared AP’s non-AP STAs during the cross-BSS or joint Co-BF sounding.
[0196] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may be a recommended Number of Spatial Streams (NSS) level to be included in the Shared AP’s ICF to its STAs for use by the non-AP STAs’ ICRs associated with the Shared AP. The value of such recommended NSS can be based on the worst-case scenario for all sounded Shared AP’s non-AP STAs during the cross-BSS or joint Co-BF sounding.
[0197] In some embodiments, the Sharing AP may also indicate, for example in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame or in a Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, one or more additional parameters to the Shared AP.
[0198] In embodiments, such additional parameter may be a duration or time allocated for the MU-BAR / BA exchange between the Sharing AP and its served non-AP STAs. In some cases, if the ACK policy or BA Type within the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame specifies that a non-trigger-based acknowledgment is required from the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP, then such duration field may only represent the time required for the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP to transmit their Block Acknowledgments (BAs) .
[0199] In embodiments, an additional parameter may be a start time for the Shared AP to initiate its MU-BAR / BA exchange with its served non-AP STAs. Such start time can also be referred to as the Shared AP’s MU-BAR frame Transmission Delay time. Such start time may be set such that the Shared AP begins its MU-BAR / BA exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs immediately after the Sharing AP completes its MU-BAR / BA exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs, with a SIFS gap. In some cases, such start time can also take into account to time that may be needed for the Sharing AP to re-exchange MU-BAR / BA with its scheduled non-AP STA (s) if one or more BAs were not successfully received by the Sharing AP.
[0200] In embodiments, an additional parameter may be a duration or time allocated (e.g., expected / estimated / calculated / predicted / set) for the MU-BAR / BA exchange between the Shared AP and its served non-AP STAs.
[0201] Further with reference to FIG. 9A, the Shared AP 920 receives the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame 931 and, following a first SIFS gap 909a, transmits a Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame 932 to the Sharing AP 910, which is the Shared AP’s reply to the Sharing AP’s Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame.
[0202] In embodiments, within the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame, the Shared AP may indicate to the Sharing AP, and the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may correspondingly include, one or more parameters related to the timing (e.g., start time) of transmission of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame by the Sharing AP. One or more of these parameters may be indications or flags.
[0203] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may be an indication of whether the ICF / ICR frames between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs, especially for non-AP STAs that may need some time to be ready for the DL transmission (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) , are needed in the sequence (e.g., sequence 901 of FIG. 9A) . This parameter may be referred to as an in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag.
[0204] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may be duration of the ICF / ICR exchange (if required or needed) between the Shared STA and its scheduled non-AP STA (s) . If no such ICF / ICR exchange is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration parameter and corresponding field may be set to 0 or be reserved. Such duration is set to allow (e.g., expected, estimated, calculated, predicted) amount of time for the Shared AP to perform ICF / ICR exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs, and may also account for the case where the Shared AP may need to transmit a Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame, for example if none of its scheduled non-AP STAs respond to its ICF, before the Sharing AP initiates transmitting Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame. Notably, in cases where the Sharing AP has indicated a duration of the ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its STAs in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame, the Shared AP may still indicate its own equivalent duration parameter in the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame. In such cases, the Sharing AP may adjust its timing of transmitting of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame according to the duration indicated by the Shared AP.
[0205] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may be a start time for the Sharing AP to send (i.e., begin transmitting) the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame to the Shared AP. This start time can be referred to as the Sharing AP’s Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame Transmission Delay time. In some cases, such start time can be set to begin after a duration greater than SIFS (e.g., a PIFS) following the ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs, in order to provide the Shared AP an opportunity to transmit a Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame (see example described further herein with reference to FIG. 9C) if needed, for example if none of its scheduled non-AP STAs respond to its ICF, before the Sharing AP initiates or begins transmitting Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame.
[0206] In embodiments, more generally, some of such parameters of the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may relate to the timing of the transmitting of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame by the Sharing AP directly, for example, by indicating a start time at which, or a delay time after which, the Sharing AP can begin transmitting the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, and / or by indicating a duration of the ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs. Some of such parameters may relate to the timing of the transmitting of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame by the Sharing AP indirectly, for example by indicating whether the ICF / ICR exchange between the Shared AP and its STA (s) is required. Such indication may be referred to as an in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag which the Sharing AP may interpret as an indication for it to wait a certain amount of time (e.g., a preset amount of time, a pre-agreed or pre-negotiated amount of time, an indicated amount of time if such indication (e.g., delay, start time) is further present in the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame) , before beginning the transmission of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame.
[0207] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may be a recommended MCS level to be included in the Sharing AP’s ICF to its scheduled non-AP STAs for use by these non-AP STAs’ ICRs associated with the Sharing AP. The value of such recommended MCS level can be based on the worst-case scenario for all Co-BF / Co-SR sounded Sharing AP’s non-AP STAs during the cross-BSS or joint Co-BF / Co-SR sounding.
[0208] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame may be a recommended NSS to be included in the Sharing AP’s ICF to its scheduled non-AP STAs for use by these non-AP STAs’ ICRs associated with the Sharing AP. The value of such recommended NSS can be based on the worst-case scenario for all Co-BF / Co-SR sounded Sharing AP’s non-AP STAs during the cross-BSS or joint Co-BF / Co-SR sounding.
[0209] Following the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame (that is not a decline to participate) , the Sharing AP sends an ICF to poll its stations for readiness to participate in Co-BF / Co-SR, to which they respond with an ICR. The Shared AP does the same with its stations.
[0210] In embodiments, the timelines for ICF and ICR exchanges are pre-established and, therefore, it is unnecessary for the Shared AP to rely on overhearing the ICR (s) from the Sharing AP’s non-AP STAs to obtain needed information, and it is unnecessary for the Sharing AP to rely on overhearing the ICR (s) from the Shared AP’s non-AP STAs to obtain needed information.
[0211] In embodiments, the transmission of the Co-BF / Co-SR trigger (also referred to herein as a Co-BF / Co-SR Sync) frame follows a gap (e.g., SIFS or greater than SIFS) after the second ICR (i.e., the ICR (s) received by the Shared AP STAs therefrom) . Similarly, the transmission of the Shared AP’s ICF frame follows a gap (e.g., SIFS or greater than SIFS) after the first ICR (i.e., the ICR (s) received by the Sharing AP STAs therefrom) .
[0212] In embodiments, if no ICF / ICR exchange is required (e.g., set to 0) between the Shared AP and its STA (s) , then the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame includes a corresponding indication (e.g., using the in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag within the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame) and the Shared AP may set a start time subfield for the Sharing AP to transmit the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync Frame within the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame, for example to match the value specified in the start time subfield for the Shared AP to initiate ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs indicated in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF Frame. Additionally or alternatively, if the in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag within the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame indicates that no ICF / ICR is required (e.g., set to 0) , then the Sharing AP may interpret that the start time for the Sharing AP to transmit the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame is equal to the value specified in the start time subfield for the Shared AP to initiate ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs within the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF Frame. Further additionally or alternatively, the Shared AP may indicate a zero delay for the transmission of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, for example by setting the Sharing AP’s Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame Transmission Delay time to zero in the Co-BF / Co-SR Response ICR frame.
[0213] In embodiments, within the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame, the Sharing AP may indicate to the Shared AP, and the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame may correspondingly include, one or more parameters related to the timing (e.g., start time) of a MU-BAR / BA exchange between the Sharing AP and its STA (s) . One or more of these parameters may be indications or flags.
[0214] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame may be a duration of the MU-BAR / BA exchange between the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs. If the ACK policy or BA Type within the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame indicates that a non-trigger-based acknowledgment is required from the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP, then the duration field represents only the time required for the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP to transmit their BA (s) . Following this, the Shared AP’s scheduled non-AP STA (s) have to align the duration (transmission start time) of their BA (s) with the duration value of the Sharing AP’s scheduled non-AP STAs’ BA (s) , for example such that the start time of the Shared AP’s MU-BAR / BA exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs follows, after a gap (e.g., SIFS or great than SIFS) , the end time of the Sharing AP’s MU-BAR / BA exchange between its scheduled non-AP STAs.
[0215] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame may be a start time for the Shared AP to initiate exchanging MU-BAR / BA (e.g., begin transmitting its MU-BAR) with its scheduled non-AP STAs. Such start time can also be referred to as the Shared AP’s MU-BAR frame Transmission Delay time.
[0216] In embodiments, a parameter of the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame may be a duration of or time allocated for the Shared AP’s MU-BAR / BA exchange with its served non-AP STAs.
[0217] Since the ICR or BA transmitted by the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP or Shared AP may vary in length depending on their MCS and included info (payload) , the ICF / ICR or MU-BAR / BA duration is set based on the longest transmission time (worst-case scenario) . This ensures that all scheduled non-AP STAs complete their ICR or BA transmissions within the allocated duration.
[0218] Following this, the Shared AP utilizes the duration, delay, or transmission start time values reported by the Sharing AP in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite and Sync. frames to determine the appropriate timing for initiating ICF / ICR or MU-BAR / BA exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs.
[0219] Similarly, the Sharing AP uses the duration, delay, or transmission start time value provided by the Shared AP in the Co-BF / Co-SR Response frame to determine when to transmit the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync. frame to the Shared AP.
[0220] FIG. 9D shows an example temporal and structural messaging sequence for a three-way handshake between a Sharing AP, Shared AP, and their respective STAs, STA1 and STA2 up to and including the synchronization trigger frame, with the interframe spacings (SIFS gaps) explicitly shown.
[0221] FIG. 10 shows an example temporal and structural messaging sequence for a three-way handshake between a Sharing AP, Shared AP, and their respective STAs, STA1 and STA2. This messaging sequence is possible if the Sharing AP1 and the Shared AP2 support the capability to respond directly to trigger frames as co-participants with non-AP STAs. The Sharing AP may combine the ICF for verifying the availability of its scheduled non-AP STAs (if necessary) with the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF into a single control frame for transmission. Within this single control frame, the Sharing AP may indicate one or more of the following parameters to the Shared AP: the duration of the ICR (s) from Sharing AP’s scheduled non-AP STAs (if it exists) , and if no ICRs are needed, then this duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved; the start time for the Shared AP’ control frame exchange with its STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) (if needed) , which may also be referred to as the Shared AP’s ICF Transmission Delay Time; the duration of the Shared AP’s control frame exchange with its STAs (if exists) .
[0222] Within the Shared AP’s singe frame that combines the ICR frame and ICF to the Shares AP’s STAs, the Shared AP may indicate one or more of the following parameters to the Sharing AP: whether control frame exchange (ICF / ICR frames) between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) are needed in the sequence, which may also be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of this ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) , and if no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved; the start time for the Sharing AP to send the synchronization trigger frame, which may also be referred to as the Sharing AP’s Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame Transmission Delay time.
[0223] In embodiments, further contingencies may be considered for the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase. If a scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Sharing AP fails to respond to the ICF or if one or more ICRs are not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may either exclude the corresponding User Info field from the synchronization trigger frame transmitted before the DL transmission or retain the User Info field while setting the UHR-STF / LTF and data portion for that non-AP STA to zeros or padding in the DL transmission. If a scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Shared AP fails to respond to the ICF or if one or more ICRs are not successfully received by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP may set the UHR-STF / LTF and data portion for that non-AP STA to zeros or padding in the DL transmission. If all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if their ICRs are not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may terminate the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase by sending a Co-BF / Co-SR termination action frame to the Shared AP, instead of transmitting a (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame. Following this, if both the Sharing AP and Shared AP had a previous Co-TDMA agreement, then the Sharing AP may assign the remaining TXOP to the Shared AP using the same procedure as in Co-TDMA, by exchanging MU-RTS TXS and CTS frames.
[0224] In an embodiment, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Sharing AP fails to respond to the ICF or if its ICR is not successfully received, the Sharing AP may include the corresponding User Info field for that non-AP STA in the Synchronization trigger frame while transmitting zero-energy for the UHR-STF / LTF and the data portion on the assigned spatial stream to that non-AP STA during the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink transmission
[0225] In an embodiment, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if its (one or more) ICR is not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP can exclude the corresponding User Info field for that non-AP STA from the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame transmitted before the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink transmission. Alternatively, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if its ICR is not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may include the corresponding User Info field for that non-AP STA while transmitting zero-energy or zero-power for the UHR-STF / LTF and the data portion on the assigned spatial stream to that non-AP STA during the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink transmission.
[0226] In an embodiment, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Sharing AP fails to respond to the ICF or if its ICR is not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may transmit Co-BF / Co-SR termination to the Shared AP before the Shared AP starts its (ICF / ICR) control frame exchange (if it exists) or the Sharing AP sends the synchronization trigger frame.
[0227] In embodiments, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Shared AP fail to respond to the ICF or if its ICR is not successfully received by the Shared AP, then its User Info can remain included in the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame. During the subsequent Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission, the Shared AP may transmit zero-energy or zero-power for the UHR-STF / LTF and the data portion on the assigned spatial stream to that non-AP STA during the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission. If the Sharing AP detects a failure of the ICR receipt by the Shared AP or transmission from the non-AP STA associated with the Shared AP, either by overhearing the OBSS transmission or by receiving notification from the Shared AP, then the Sharing AP may exclude the corresponding User Info for those non-AP STAs from the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame transmitted prior to the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission.
[0228] In an embodiment, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Shared AP fail to respond to the ICF or if its ICRs are not successfully received by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP may transmit Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame to the Sharing AP before the Sharing AP sends the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame.
[0229] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if their ICRs are not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may transmit Co-BF / Co-SR termination frame to the Shared AP before the Shared AP starts its ICF / ICR control frame exchange (if it exists) or before the Sharing AP sends the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame.
[0230] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or none of their ICRs are successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may transmit the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame, including only the User Info for the non-AP STAs associated with the Shared AP. As a result, only the Shared AP may proceed with transmitting the Co-BF / Co-SR DL PPDU, which may effectively function as a DL MU-MIMO transmission. Following this, the Sharing AP may include updated Co-BF or Co-SR transmission parameters to the Shared AP within the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame, which may differ from the previously agreed-upon parameters specified in the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite and Response frames.
[0231] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if none of their ICRs are successfully received by the Sharing AP, then corresponding User Info fields for these STAs may remain included in the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame. During the subsequent Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission, the Sharing AP may either transmit zero-energy or zero-power for the UHR-STF / LTF and the data portion on the assigned spatial streams for these non-AP STAs during the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission or refrain from transmitting any Co-BF / Co-SR DL PPDU within this shared TXOP.
[0232] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Shared AP fail to respond to the ICF or if their ICRs are not successfully received by the Shared AP, then corresponding User Info fields may remain included in the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame. During the subsequent Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission, the Shared AP may either transmit zero-energy or zero-power for the UHR-STF / LTF and the data portion on the assigned spatial streams for these non-AP STAs during the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink PPDU transmission or refrain from transmitting any Co-BF / Co-SR DL PPDU within this shared TXOP.
[0233] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STA associated with the Shared AP fail to respond to the ICF or if none of their ICR are successfully received by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP may transmit Co-BF / Co-SR termination to the Sharing AP before the Sharing AP sends the (Co-BF / Co-SR) synchronization trigger frame.
[0234] In a second major aspect of the present disclosure, an enhanced frame exchange and timing mechanism is provided for a Sequential Sounding phase of Co-BF. FIG. 11 illustrates the Co-BF sequential sounding sequence 1100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. A Co-BF Sounding Invite frame 1131 by AP1 1110 is responded to by a Co-BF Sounding Response frame 1133 from AP2 1120. Subsequently, AP1 performs a sounding of the channel between itself and its STAs 1111, first with an ICF / ICR 1135 / 1137 polling of its STAs 1111, then with an NDPA / NDP frames 1139 / 1141 to measure the channel state, and a BFRP trigger frame 1143 to solicit CSI 1145 from its scheduled STAs 1111. The Sharing AP1 transmits the NDPA 1147 in advance of the Shared AP2 NDP frame 1149 which measures the channel state between AP2 1120 and AP1’s STAs 1111. This CSI 1145 is sent back to AP1 1110 as CSI 1153 when AP1 solicits it using a BFRP trigger frame 1151. AP1 and AP2 afterwards perform a complementary sequence, wherein AP2 1120 polls its STAs 1121 with ICR 1157 and ICF 1155, announces sounding with NDPA 1159, sounds the channel with its own STAs 1121 via NDP 1161, and solicits the CSI 1165 using a BFRP trigger frame 1163. AP2 1120 provides the NDPA 1167 announcing AP1’s NDP 1169 to AP2’s STAs 1121, and AP2’s STAs 1121 feedback their CSI 1173 to AP2 1120 describing their channels with AP1 1110.
[0235] Since the ICRs or CSIs transmitted by the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP or the Shared AP may vary in length depending on their MCS and included info (payload) , the duration and the start time fields can be set based on the longest transmission time (worst-case scenario) , to ensure that all scheduled non-AP STAs complete their ICR or CSI transmissions within the allocated duration.
[0236] Notably, if the sounding type indicated within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame is sequential sounding, then the Sharing AP can further specify whether its in-BSS sounding or cross-BSS sounding occurs first within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame. Likewise, the Shared AP can determine the order of its in-BSS or cross-BSS sounding within the Co-BF Sounding Response ICR frame. The Shared AP may also adhere to the same sequence for its in-BSS or cross-BSS sounding as specified by the Sharing AP in the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame.
[0237] in embodiments, within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame, the Sharing AP indicates one or more of the following parameters to the Shared AP: Co-BF Sounding Type (e.g., indicates a sequential sounding) ; an indication of whether the in-BSS sounding is present or not for the sequential sounding; the order of the in-BSS sounding and cross-sounding for Co-BF sequential sounding, e.g., whether the in-BSS sounding or cross-BSS sounding occurs first (Notably, both the Sharing AP and the Shared AP may also agree on the order of the in-BSS and cross-BSS sounding for the Co-BF Sequential Sounding during the MAPC negotiation phase) ; whether ICF / ICR frames between the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of this ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) between the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs, and if no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved, and the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) combined with the in-BSS1 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS sounding) , and the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) combined with the in-BSS1 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS sounding) and combined with the NDPA for cross-BSS sounding; the start time for the Shared AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Shared AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS1 sounding immediately after the Sharing AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if needed) followed by transmitting NDPA, with a SIFS gap. Alternatively, it can also account to allow the Sharing AP to re-exchange ICF / ICR with its scheduled non-AP STAs if one or more ICRs were not successfully received by the Sharing AP. If all ICRs were not received correctly by the Sharing AP, the Sharing AP will send a Co-BF sounding termination (e.g., a public action frame) to the Shared AP, instead of sending NDPA) the start time for the Shared AP to initiate its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) (if required) or directly proceeding with its in-BSS or cross-BSS sounding, whichever occurs first; and the duration for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs (if required) or directly proceeding with its in-BSS or cross-BSS sounding, whichever occurs first.
[0238] In embodiments, within the Co-BF Sounding Response ICR frame, the shared AP indicates one or more of the following parameters to the Sharing AP: in-BSS sounding present or not for Co-BF sequential sounding by the Shared AP; the order of the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding and cross-sounding for Co-BF sequential sounding, e.g., whether the in-BSS sounding or cross-BSS sounding occurs first; whether ICF / ICR frames between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag ; the duration of this ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) combined with the in-BSS2 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS sounding) . The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) combined with the in-BSS2 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS sounding) and combined with the NDPA for cross-BSS sounding; and the start time for the sharing AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS2 sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Sharing AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS2 sounding immediately after the Shared AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if needed) followed by transmitting NDPA, with a SIFS gap. Alternatively, it can also account for a time to allow the Shared AP to re-exchange ICF / ICR with its scheduled non-AP STAs if one or more ICRs were not successfully received by the Sharing AP) .
[0239] In a third major aspect of the present disclosure, an enhanced frame exchange and timing mechanism is discussed for a Joint Sounding phase of Co-BF. FIG. 12A gives the Co-BF joint sounding frame exchange sequence 1200, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. This sounding sequence 1200 is performed in two steps instead of four because after the first NDPA 1239 by Sharing AP1 1210, both the Sharing AP1 1210 and Shared AP2 1220 will transmit their NDP 1241, 1243 simultaneously to AP1 STAs 1211. AP1’s STAs 1211 can thus report on the channel states between themselves and both AP1 1210 and AP2 1220 in aggregate. Similarly, after the second NDPA 1253 by Shared AP2 1220, both the Sharing AP1 1210 and Shared AP2 1220 will transmit their NDP 1255, 1257 simultaneously to AP2 STAs 1221. AP2’s STAs 1221 likewise report on the channel states between themselves and both AP2 1220 and AP1 1210 in aggregate.
[0240] In embodiments, with reference to joint sounding, within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame, the Sharing AP may indicate one or more of the following parameters to the Shared AP: Co-BF Sounding Type indicates Joint Sounding; whether ICF / ICR frames 1235 / 1237 between the sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs 1211 are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of this ICF / ICR exchange 1235 / 1237 (if it exists) (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with NDPA 1239 for joint sounding) ; the start time for the Shared AP to send its NDP 1243 for joint sounding; the start time for the Shared AP to initiate its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges 1249 / 1251 with its scheduled non-AP STAs 1221 (if required) or directly proceeding with its joint sounding process; the Duration for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges 1249 / 1251 with its scheduled non-AP STAs 1221 (if required) or directly proceeding with its joint sounding process.
[0241] In embodiments, with reference to joint sounding, within the Co-BF Sounding Response ICR frame (e.g., 1233 of FIG. 12A) , the Shared AP may indicate one or more of the following parameters to the Sharing AP: whether ICF / ICR frames between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of this ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (e.g., from 1249 to 1251 of FIG. 12A) (if it exists) in combination with NDPA (e.g., 1253 of FIG. 12A) for joint sounding) the start time for the Sharing AP to send its NDP (e.g., 1257 of FIG. 12A) for joint sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Sharing AP to send its NDP (e.g., 1257 of FIG. 12A) for Joint-BSS2 sounding immediately after the Shared AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange (e.g., 1249, 1251 of FIG. 12A) with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if needed) followed by transmitting NDPA (e.g., 1253 of FIG. 12A) , with a SIFS gap. Alternatively, it can also account for a time to allow the Shared AP to re-exchange ICF / ICR with its scheduled non-AP STAs if one or more ICRs were not successfully received by the Sharing AP) .
[0242] In an embodiment, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if their respective ICRs are not successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP can exclude the corresponding STA Info fields for these non-AP STA from any NDP Announcement (NDPA, ) frame transmitted during the in-BSS1 sounding and cross-BSS1 sounding (e.g., 1st and 2nd rounds in Sequential sounding, e.g., 1139 and 1147 of FIG. 11) or Joint-BSS1 sounding (e.g., 1st round in the Joint sounding, e.g., 1239 of FIG. 12A) .
[0243] In an embodiment, if one or more of the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Shared AP fail to respond to the ICF or if their respective ICR are not successfully received by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP can exclude the corresponding STA Info fields for these non-AP STA from any NDP Announcement (NDPA) frame transmitted during the in-BSS2 sounding and cross-BSS2 sounding (e.g., 3rd and 4th rounds in Sequential sounding, e.g., 1159 and 1167 of FIG. 11) or Joint-BSS2 sounding (e.g., 2nd round in the Joint sounding, e.g., 1253 of FIG. 12A) .
[0244] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP fail to respond to the ICF or if none of their respective ICRs are successfully received by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP may terminate the Co-BF sounding phase by sending a Co-BF sounding termination (e.g., public action frame) to the Shared AP, instead of transmitting the NDPA frame (e.g., 1139 and 1147 of FIG. 11, 1239 of FIG. 12A) to initiate the Co-BF sounding.
[0245] In an embodiment, if all scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Shared AP fail to respond to the ICF or if none of their respective ICRs are successfully received by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP may terminate the Co-BF sounding phase by sending a Co-BF sounding termination (e.g., public action frame) to the Sharing AP, instead of transmitting the NDPA frame (e.g., 1159 of FIG. 11, 1253 of FIG. 12A) to initiate the Co-BF sounding.
[0246] In embodiments, an enhanced frame exchange and timing mechanism is introduced for the Sequential Sounding phase of Co-BF. FIG. 12B illustrates the Co-BF sequential sounding procedure 1200b according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The sequence begins with a Co-BF Sounding Invite frame 1271 transmitted by AP1 1210, followed by a Co-BF Sounding Response frame 1273 transmitted by AP2 1220. AP1 then initiates cross-BSS sounding to measure the channel between AP2 1220 and AP1’s associated (scheduled) STAs 1211. This may be followed by in-BSS sounding between AP1 and its own STAs. AP1 may start the Co-BF sequential sounding with ICF / ICR 1274a, 1274b polling of its eMLSR, DPS, and any other STAs 1211 that may need time to be activated or operate in high capability mode to be ready to receive the DL transmission. AP1 subsequently sends an NDPA 1275, preceding the NDP 1277 transmitted by Shared AP2 1220, which allows AP2 to measure the channel to AP1’s STAs 1211. The resulting CSI 1281 is returned to AP1 in response to a BFRP Trigger frame 1279. Following this, AP1 1210 may conduct in-BSS sounding by transmitting an NDPA 1283 and NDP 1285 to measure the channels with its own STAs, and then collecting CSI 1289 using another BFRP Trigger frame 1287. AP2 1220 may then perform a complementary sequence: it may poll its stations using ICR / ICF 1290a, 1290b, and transmits an NDPA 1291 before AP1 sends an NDP 1292. This enables AP2’s non-AP STAs 1221 to measure the channels between themselves and AP1 1210. AP2’s non-AP STAs 1221 then return the CSIs 1294 to AP2 upon receiving a BFRP Trigger frame 1293 from AP2. Finally, AP2 may carry out in-BSS sounding with an NDPA 1295 and NDP 1296 to its own STAs 1220, followed by CSI 1298 feedback in response to a BFRP Trigger frame 1297.
[0247] In embodiments, since the ICR or CSI transmitted by the scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP or Shared AP may vary in length depending on their MCS and included info (payload) , the duration and the start time fields can be set based on the longest transmission time (worst-case scenario) , thereby facilitating allocation of sufficient time for all scheduled non-AP STAs complete their ICR or CSI transmissions within the allocated duration.
[0248] Notably, if the sounding type indicated within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame is sequential sounding, then the Sharing AP can further specify in the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame whether it will perform: (a) both cross-BSS and in-BSS sounding, (b) only cross-BSS sounding, or (c) neither. The Sharing AP can also specify whether the Shared AP is allowed to initiate the following after the initiating (Sharing) AP’s Co-BF sequence: (a) both cross-BSS and in-BSS sounding, (b) only cross-BSS sounding, or (c) neither.
[0249] In embodiments, within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame, the Sharing AP indicates one or more of the following parameters to the Shared AP: Co-BF Sounding Type indicative of Sequential Sounding; the duration of the time allocated for the complete or full Co-BF Sequential Sounding in the obtained TXOP, including: the Co-BF Sequential Sounding sequence initiated by the Sharing AP and / or the Co-BF Sequential Sounding sequence initiated by the Shared AP; an indication of whether the in-BSS sounding is present or not for Co-BF sequential sounding (–for example, the Sharing AP may be recommended to skip its in-BSS sounding if it has already performed it during a previous TXOP) ; whether ICF / ICR frames between the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS1 ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of the Sharing AP’s in-BSS sounding (if it exists) (The duration of the Sharing AP’s in-BSS sounding accounts for the time needed by the Sharing AP to transmit the NDPA, NDP, and BFRP frames, and to receive the CSI reports from its scheduled non-AP STAs. Based on the duration of the Sharing AP’s in-BSS sounding, the Shared AP may determine when to initiate its Co-BF sequential sounding sequence, if such initiation is permitted or indicated by the Sharing AP. If no Sharing AP’s in-BSS sounding is included in the Co-BF sequence, then this Sharing AP’s in-BSS sounding duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved) ; the duration of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding sequence (The duration of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding sequence accounts for the time needed for the Sharing AP to perform its ICF / ICR frame exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs (if the ICF / ICR frame exchange is required) and cross-BSS1 sounding or its ICF / ICR frame exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs (if required) , cross-BSS1 sounding and in-BSS sounding. Based on the duration of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding sequence, the Shared AP may determine when to initiate its Co-BF sequential sounding sequence, if such initiation is permitted or indicated by the Sharing AP. If no Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding is included in the Co-BF sequence, then this Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved) the duration of the ICF / ICR exchange (if it is required in the event of DPS / eMLSR stations) between the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if required) in combination with NDPA for cross-BSS1 sounding. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if required) in combination with cross-BSS1 Sounding Phase) ; the start time for the Shared AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS1 sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Shared AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS1 sounding immediately after the Sharing AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if required) followed by transmitting NDPA, with a SIFS gap. –Notably, if none of the ICRs were received correctly by the Sharing AP, then the Sharing AP will send a Co-BF sounding termination (e.g., a public action frame) to the Shared AP, instead of sending NDPA, following the PIFS recovery mechanism) ; the start time at which the Shared AP is allowed to initiate its Co-BF sounding process (This may indicate the start time for the ICF / ICR exchanges between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) , if the Shared AP indicated in the Co-BF Sounding Response frame that such exchanges are needed prior to its Co-BF sounding process. Alternatively, this may indicate the start time for the Shared AP to directly proceed with cross-BSS and / or in-BSS sounding, as permitted by the Sharing AP) ; And the duration allocated for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF sounding process (This may include either ICF / ICR exchanges (if they exist) and cross-BSS2 sounding or ICF / ICR exchanges (if they exist) , cross-BSS2 sounding and in-BSS2 sounding, depending on whether such a sequence is permitted by the Sharing AP) .
[0250] In embodiments, within the Co-BF Sounding Response ICR frame, the shared AP indicates one or more of the following parameters to the Sharing AP: an indication of whether the in-BSS sounding present or not for Co-BF sequential sounding (if the Sharing AP allows the Shared AP to do its in-BSS sounding within the TXOP, then the Shared AP is recommended to skip its in-BSS sounding if it has already performed it during a previous TXOP) ; whether ICF / ICR frames between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, …, etc. ) are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS2 ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding (if it exists) (The duration of the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding accounts for the time needed from the Shared AP to transmit the NDPA, NDP, and BFRP frames, and to receive the CSI reports from its scheduled non-AP STAs. Based on the duration of the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding, the Sharing AP may determine the appropriate start time to begin exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (e.g., using public action frames to confirm or exchange the OBSS CSI reports needed for Co-BF sounding and transmission) , which is typically SIFS gap after the end of the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding, if it exists. This field also enables informing the Sharing AP about when the Co-BF sequential sounding ends or is scheduled to end) . If no Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding is included in the Co-BF sequence, then this Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved) ; the required or needed duration for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF sequential sounding, including either ICF / ICR exchanges (if they exist) in combination with cross-BSS2 sounding or ICF / ICR exchanges (if they exist) , cross-BSS2 sounding and in-BSS2 sounding, depending on whether such a sequences are permitted by the Sharing AP (Based on the duration of the Shared AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding, the Sharing AP may determine the appropriate start time to begin exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (e.g., using public action frames to confirm or exchange the OBSS CSI reports needed for Co-BF sounding and transmission) , which is typically a SIFS gap after the end of the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding, if it exists. This field also enables informing the Sharing AP about when the Co-BF sequential sounding ends) ; the duration of the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with NDPA for cross-BSS2 sounding. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with cross-BSS2 Sounding Phase) ; the start time for the Sharing AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS2 sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Sharing AP to send its NDP for cross-BSS2 sounding immediately after the Shared AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if needed) , followed by transmitting NDPA, with a SIFS gap. If none of the ICRs were received correctly by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP will send a Co-BF sounding termination (e.g., a public action frame) to the Sharing AP, instead of sending NDPA, following the PIFS recovery mechanism) ; and the start time for the Sharing AP to start exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (e.g., using public action frames to confirm or exchange the OBSS CSI reports needed for Co-BF sounding and transmission) .
[0251] Notably, such Co-BF sounding may be performed in two steps instead of four because following the transmission of the first NDPA by Sharing AP1, both the Sharing AP1 and Shared AP2 transmit their NDP frames simultaneously to AP1’s STAs. AP1’s STAs can thus report on the channel states between themselves and both AP1 and AP2 in aggregate. Similarly, after the second NDPA by Shared AP2, both the Sharing AP1 and Shared AP2 will transmit their NDP simultaneously to AP2’s STAs. AP2’s STAs likewise report on the channel states between themselves and both AP2 and AP1 in aggregate.
[0252] In some embodiments, the Sharing AP1 may allow the two rounds of the Joint Sounding to occur in the same TXOP or at different TXOPs.
[0253] In some embodiments, in the Co-BF Sounding Invite frame, the Sharing AP may indicate whether it will initiate its Joint-BSS1 sounding. Also, the Sharing AP may indicate whether the Shared AP2 is allowed to initiate its joint-BSS sounding, immediately after the initiating of the Sharing AP’s joint-BSS sounding (if it exists) .
[0254] In embodiments, within the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame, the Sharing AP indicates one or more of the following parameters to the Shared AP: Co-BF sounding type indicative Joint Sounding; the duration of the time allocated for the complete or full Co-BF Joint Sounding in the obtained TXOP, including durations of: the Co-BF Joint Sounding sequence initiated by the Sharing AP and / or the Co-BF Joint Sounding sequence initiated by the Shared AP; whether ICF / ICR frames between the sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag; the duration of this ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) between the sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required or needed time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with NDPA for joint sounding) ; the duration of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF Joint sounding sequence (The duration of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF Joint sounding sequence accounts for the time needed from the Sharing AP to perform its ICF / ICR frame exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs (if it exists) and Joint-BSS1 sounding. Based on the duration of the Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding sequence, the Shared AP may determine when to initiate its Co-BF joint-BSS2 sounding sequence, if such initiation is permitted or indicated by the Sharing AP. If no Sharing AP’s Co-BF joint sounding is included in the Co-BF sequence, then this Sharing AP’s Co-BF sequential sounding duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved) ; the start time for the Shared AP to send its NDP for joint-BSS1 sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Sharing AP to send its NDP for Joint-BSS2 sounding immediately after the Shared AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if needed) followed by transmitting UHR NDPA, with a SIFS gap) ; the start time at which the Shared AP is allowed to initiate its Co-BF joint-BSS2 sounding process (This may indicate the start time for the ICF / ICR exchanges between the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) , if the Shared AP indicated, in the Co-BF Sounding Response frame, that such exchanges are needed prior to its Co-BF sounding process. Alternatively, this may indicate the start time for the Shared AP to directly proceed with Joint-BSS2 sounding, as permitted or indicated by the Sharing AP) ; and the duration allocated for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF joint sounding process (This may include either ICF / ICR exchanges (if they exist) and Joint-BSS2 sounding, depending on whether such a sequence is permitted or indicated by the Sharing AP) .
[0255] In embodiment, within the Co-BF Sounding Response ICR frame, the Shared AP indicates one or more of the following parameters to the Sharing AP: whether ICF / ICR frames between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, …, etc. ) are needed in the sequence, which may be called in-BSS ICF / ICR presence Flag; the required duration for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF Joint-BSS2 sounding (The duration of the Shared AP’s Co-BF joint sounding sequence accounts for the time needed from the Shared AP to perform whether its ICF / ICR frame exchange with its scheduled non-AP STAs (if it exists) and joint-BSS2, if such initiation is permitted or indicated by the Sharing AP. Based on the duration of the Shared AP’s Co-BF Joint-BSS2 sounding, the Sharing AP may determine the appropriate start time to begin exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (e.g., using public action frames to confirm or exchange the OBSS CSI reports needed for Co-BF sounding and transmission) , which is typically a SIFS gap after the end of the Shared AP’s joint-BSS2 sounding, if it exists. This field also enables informing the Sharing AP when the Co-BF joint sounding ends. If no Shared AP’s Co-BF joint sounding is included in the Co-BF sequence, then this Shared AP’s Co-BF joint sounding duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved) ; the duration of the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) between Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs (If no ICF / ICR is needed, then this ICF / ICR duration field may either be set to 0 or reserved. The duration field may indicate the required or needed time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with NDPA for Joint-BSS2 sounding. The duration field may indicate the required or needed time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with Joint-BSS2 Sounding Phase) ; the start time for the Sharing AP to send its NDP for Joint-BSS2 sounding (This start time may be set to allow the Sharing AP to send its NDP for Joint-BSS2 sounding immediately after the Shared AP completes its ICF / ICR exchange with its own scheduled non-AP STAs (if needed) followed by transmitting UHR NDPA, with a SIFS gap. If all ICRs were not received correctly by the Shared AP, then the Shared AP will send a Co-BF sounding termination (e.g., a public action frame) to the Sharing AP, instead of sending NDPA, following the PIFS recovery mechanism) ; and the start time for the Sharing AP to start exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (e.g., using public action frames to confirm or exchange the OBSS CSI reports needed for Co-BF sounding and transmission) .
[0256] In order to save or conserve the overhead of exchanging ICF / ICR in BSS1 and BSS2, a service period-based Co-BF / Co-SR may be utilized to serve eMLSR, DPS, DUO or any other non-AP STAs that needs some time to be ready for DL transmission. The SP-based Co-BF / Co-SR may be negotiated and protected using the same mechanism used for coordinated restricted target wake time (Co-r-TWT) . During the MAPC negotiation phase, AP1 and AP2 may negotiate overlapping service periods to enable Co-BF sounding as well as Co-BF and Co-SR DL transmissions for their respective eMLSR, DPS, DUO, or / and any other non-AP STAs.
[0257] After initiating its protected Co-r-TWT, the Sharing AP may invite the Shared AP to participate in its protected service period using the same frame exchange sequence defined for TXOP-based Co-BF, Co-SR, or Co-TDMA, depending at least in part on whichever MAPC scheme (s) both APs support and have previously agreed to implement together through a successful negotiation.
[0258] In embodiments, another Co-BF sequence may be implemented in which both the Sharing AP and the Shared AP transmit their respective ICF (Initial Control Frame) simultaneously to their respective scheduled non-AP STAs, using different Radio Units (RUs) . The respective scheduled non-AP STAs can then respond concurrently by transmitting their respective ICRs (Initial Control Response) over separate RUs assigned by their respective APs. In the Co-BF / Co-SR Invite ICF frame, the Sharing AP may specify the RU allocation (8 bits) to the Shared AP for ICF / ICR exchange with its associated non-AP STAs. Both the Sharing AP and Shared AP may split their bandwidth to exchange their ICF / ICR with their scheduled non-AP STAs, e.g., sharing AP gets lower half of BW, shared AP upper half. Similarly, both the Sharing AP and Shared AP may transmit their MU-BAR (Multi-User Block Acknowledgment Request) simultaneously to their scheduled non-AP STAs on different RUs. The respective STAs can then respond with their BA (Block Acknowledgment) concurrently, also using distinct RUs. In the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame, the Sharing AP may again indicate the RU allocation (8 bits) to the Shared AP for MU-BAR / BA exchange with its associated non-AP STAs. Both the Sharing AP and Shared AP may split their bandwidth to exchange their MU-BAR / BA with their scheduled non-AP STAs, e.g., sharing AP gets lower half of BW, shared AP upper half.
[0259] Afterwards, the Sharing AP and the Shared AP may exchange confirmation frames prior transmitting the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame to acknowledge the successful reception of their respective ICRs. If any ICRs from scheduled non-AP STAs are missing or are unsuccessfully received, then these confirmation frames may also be used to report the missing responses. Such STAs can then be excluded from the User Info fields in the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame. If none of the ICRs from scheduled non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP or / and the Shared AP are successfully received or are missing, then these confirmation frames may also be used to terminate the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase accordingly.
[0260] In embodiments, signaling of the explicit timing information exchange between the Sharing and the Shared AP is provided herein by way of examples.
[0261] In some embodiments, a first method is disclosed at an access point (AP) for multi-AP coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) , the method comprising transmitting a Co-BF / Co-SR invite frame, the Co-BF / Co-SR invite frame being a first trigger frame with a first trigger type value; transmitting a Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame, the Co-BF / Co-SR synchronization trigger frame being a second trigger frame with a second trigger type value.
[0262] In some embodiments of the first method, the first and second trigger type values are each equal to 4 or 3 and correspond to a BSRP or a MU-RTS trigger frame format respectively.
[0263] In some embodiments of the first method, the first and second trigger type values are each equal to 4 corresponding to a BSRP Guard Interval (GI) 3 trigger frame format with the GI and HE / UHR-LTF type sub-field having a value of 3, indicating that a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) to be received in response to the BSRP, is to be in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format and contain a Multi-station (Multi-STA) Block Acknowledgement (ACK) .
[0264] In some embodiments of the first method, the first and second trigger type values are each equal to 4 corresponding to a BSRP trigger frame format. The first trigger frame has the GI and HE / UHR-LTF type sub-field in the Common Info field set to a value of 3, indicating that a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) to be received in response to the BSRP, is to be in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format and contain a Multi-station (Multi-STA) Block Acknowledgement (ACK) . The second trigger frame has the GI and HE / UHR-LTF type sub-field in the Common Info field set to any value of 0-2, indicating the value of the GI and HE / UHR-LTF type.
[0265] In some embodiments of the first method, the response to first trigger frame can be a Multi-station (Multi-STA) Block Acknowledgement (ACK) frame, with special per AID TID Info field.
[0266] In some embodiments, the Special per AID TID Info field for MAPC response (e.g., Co-BF / Co-SR / Co-TDMA / Sounding Response ICR) may be identified by special AID or the Shared AP AID.
[0267] In some embodiments, the Special per AID TID Info field for MAPC response (e.g., Co-BF / Co-SR / Co-TDMA / Sounding Response ICR) may be identified by ACK Type = 0 and TID = 13.
[0268] In some embodiments, the Special per AID TID Info field for MAPC response (e.g., Co-BF / Co-SR / Co-TDMA / Sounding Response ICR) may be identified by any other reserved combination of ACK Type and TID. In this case, the Special per AID TID Info field may be referred to as MAPC Special per AID TID Info field.
[0269] In some embodiments, since many existing or reserved subfields within the UHR Variant Common Info field and the UHR Variant Special User Info field will be repurposed for other MAPC parameters, an indication parameter (e.g., a 1-bit flag) is required within either the Common Info field or the Special User Info field to specify that the first trigger frame is intended for MAPC purposes or AP-to-AP communication. Alternatively, the Special AID (e.g., special AID > 2007 or special AID = Shared AP AID) of the additional Special User Info field, along with the value of the B12–B15 Type field within the additional Special User Info field, can be used to indicate that the first trigger frame serves MAPC or AP-to-AP communication purposes and also indicates the type of the supported MAPC.
[0270] In some embodiments, within the first trigger frame, one or more of the following information is included within B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and / or B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field, B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field, or / and within one or more additional Special User Info field (s) assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID: the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) ; and the OBSS (BSS2) or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) target start time field or the Shared AP’s ICF Transmission Delay field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) ; the OBSS (BSS2) or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) Duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) . The recommended OBSS ICR MCS level (4 or 5 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required. The recommended OBSS ICR NSS (1 or 2 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required in case of 2 bits subfield.
[0271] In some embodiments, the 7, 8, 9, or 10-bit Shared AP’s ICF Target Start Time subfield indicates the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] , respectively, at which the Shared AP can start transmitting the ICF to its scheduled non-AP STAs.
[0272] In some embodiments, the Shared AP’s ICF Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Invite ICF frame to the start of Shared AP’s ICF transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs.
[0273] In some embodiments, the (e.g., 7, 8, or 9-bit) Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs exchange their ICF / ICR frames.
[0274] In some embodiments, the Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs exchange their ICF / ICR frames.
[0275] In some embodiments, within the response to the first trigger frame, one or more of the following information is included within the Block Ack Bitmap subfield of the Special per-AID TID Info field for the MAPC response: the intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) ; and the Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame transmission target start time field or Co-BF / Co-SR Sync. Delay time (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) . The recommended OBSS ICR MCS level (4 or 5 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required. The recommended OBSS ICR NSS (1 or 2 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required in case of 2 bits subfield.
[0276] In some embodiments, the 7, 8, 9 or 10-bit Co-BF / Co-SR Sync. Target Start Time subfield indicates the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] , respectively, at which the Sharing AP can start transmitting the Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame to the Shared AP to synchronize before starting their aligned DL transmission.
[0277] In some embodiments, the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync. Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Shared AP’s ICF frame to the start of Co-BF / Co-SR Synchronization trigger frame transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs.
[0278] In some embodiments, the (e.g., 7, 8, or 9-bit) Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs exchange their ICF / ICR frames.
[0279] In some embodiments, within the second trigger frame, one or more of the following information is included within one or more of: one or more bits of bits: B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field, B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field; and within one or more additional Special User Info field (s) assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID: the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) or BA only duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) ; the OBSS (BSS2) or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) start time field or Shared AP’s MU-BAR Delay time (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) ; And the OBSS (BSS2) or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) Duration (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) .
[0280] In some embodiments, the 7, 8, 9, or 10-bit Shared AP’s MU-BAR Target Start Time subfield indicates the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] , respectively, at which the Shared AP can start transmitting the MU-BAR frame to its served non-AP STAs.
[0281] In some embodiments, the Shared AP’s MU-BAR Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Synchronization trigger frame to the start of Shared AP’s MU-BAR transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs.
[0282] In some embodiments, the (e.g., 7, 8, or 9-bit) Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) or BA only Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs exchange their MU-BAR / BA or BA only frames.
[0283] In some embodiments, the Shared AP’s control frame exchange (MU-BAR / BA) or BA only Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs exchange their MU-BAR / BA or BA only frames.
[0284] In some embodiments, a second method is disclosed at an access point (AP) for multi-AP coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) , the method comprising transmitting a Co-BF Sounding invite frame, the Co-BF Sounding invite frame being a trigger frame.
[0285] In some embodiments of the second method, the Co-BF Sounding invite frame trigger type value is equal to 4 or 3, corresponding to a BSRP or a MU-RTS trigger frame format.
[0286] In some embodiments of the second method, the Co-BF Sounding invite frame trigger type value is equal to 4, corresponding to a BSRP Guard Interval (GI) 3 trigger frame format with the GI and HE / UHR-LTF type sub-field having a value of 3, indicating that a Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) to be received in response to the BSRP, is to be in a non-High Throughput (non-HT) format and contain a Multi-station (Multi-STA) Block Acknowledgement (ACK) .
[0287] In some embodiments of the second method, the response to the Co-BF Sounding invite frame trigger frame can be a Multi-station (Multi-STA) Block Acknowledgement (ACK) frame.
[0288] In some embodiments, for sequential sounding, within the Co-BF Sounding invite trigger frame, one or more of the following information is included within B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and / or B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field, B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field, or / and within one or more additional Special User Info field (s) assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID: the Sounding type (Joint or Sequential) (1 bit) ; In-BSS sounding present or not for Co-BF sequential sounding (1 bit) ; the order of the in-BSS sounding and cross-sounding, if Co-BF Sounding type is sequential sounding (1 bit) , e.g., a value of 0 indicates that in-BSS sounding occurs first, while a value of 1 signifies that cross-BSS sounding takes place first.
[0289] The first three subfields may be combined in one (e.g., 2, 3, or 4-bit) Sounding Type subfield. In many practical scenarios, the coordinating APs may only need to perform or repeat specific sounding rounds in a flexible order, rather than being restricted to a fixed sequence. Accordingly, extending the Sounding Type field in the Co-BF Sounding Invite frame to indicate not only the sounding type but also the required number of rounds and their order can be implemented. One example of the extended Sounding Type subfield is as indicated in Table 1. Table 1: Co-BF Sounding Type Values
[0290] Notably, the order of the sounding types included in Table 1 may be changed. This table also includes the sounding type along with all possible required rounds and their respective order. However, not all of these values may be necessary in practice, which can reduce the overall size of this field.
[0291] Accordingly, an AP may indicate in the Co-BF Invite the sounding type (either sequential or joint) along with all or only specific round (s) that need to be performed or repeated. If the requested sounding type is Joint BSS2, then after the Sharing AP sends the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame and the Shared AP accepts the invitation, the Shared AP may initiate the Joint BSS2 sounding phase by transmitting the NDPA frame.
[0292] Similarly, if the requested sounding type is cross-BSS2, then after the Sharing AP sends the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame and the Shared AP accepts the invitation, the Shared AP may initiate the cross-BSS2 sounding phase by transmitting the NDPA frame.
[0293] In some embodiments, bit allocations and details may be as follows: the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s Co-BF sounding duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) . The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) + In-BSS1 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS1 sounding) in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with In-BSS1 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS sounding) in combination with NDPA for cross-BSS1 sounding in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs) ; the target start time for the Shared AP to send its cross-NDP for cross-BSS1 sounding (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] (The recommended OBSS CSI MCS level (4 or 5 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s, may indicate that no recommendation is required. The recommended OBSS CSI NSS (1 or 2 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required in case of 2 bits subfield) ; the Shared AP’s cross-NDP Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame to the start of Shared AP’s cross-NDP transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; the start time for the Shared AP to initiate its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, …, etc. ) (if required) or to directly proceed with its in-BSS or cross-BSS sounding, whichever occurs first (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] ; the Shared AP’s Co-BF sounding Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame to the start of Shared AP’s ICF or Co-BF sequential sounding rounds, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; and the duration for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, …, etc. ) (if required) or to directly proceed with its in-BSS or cross-BSS sounding, whichever occurs first (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs (The Sharing AP’s in-BSS sounding Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Sharing AP completes its in-BSS sounding sequence with its scheduled non-AP STAs. The Sharing AP’s Co-BF Sounding sequence Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs completes whether cross-BSS1 sounding and in-BSS1 sounding or cross-BSS1 sounding only. The whole Co-BF Sounding sequence Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs allocated for the Co-BF Sequential Sounding sequence initiated by the Sharing AP and / or the Co-BF Sequential Sounding sequence initiated by the Shared AP) .
[0294] In embodiments, within the response to the Co-BF Sounding invite frame, one or more of the following information is included within the Block Ack Bitmap subfield of the Special per-AID TID Info field, for the MAPC response: In-BSS sounding present or not for Co-BF sequential sounding (1 bit) ; the order of the in-BSS sounding and cross-sounding, if Co-BF Sounding type is sequential sounding (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s Co-BF sounding duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) (the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with In-BSS2 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS2 sounding) in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs. The duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in combination with In-BSS2 Sounding Phase (if it occurs before the cross-BSS sounding) in combination with NDPA for cross-BSS2 sounding in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs) ; the target start time for the Sharing AP to send its cross-NDP for cross-BSS2 sounding (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] ; the Sharing AP’s cross-NDP Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Sounding response ICR frame to the start of Sharing AP’s cross-NDP transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; the recommended OBSS CSI MCS level (4 or 5 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required; the recommended OBSS CSI NSS (1 or 2 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required in case of 2 bits subfield; the Shared AP’s in-BSS sounding Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Shared AP completes its in-BSS sounding sequence with its scheduled non-AP STAs; he Shared AP’s required Co-BF Sounding sequence Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs completes whether cross-BSS2 sounding and in-BSS2 sounding or cross-BSS1 sounding only, depending on the sequence allowed by the Sharing AP; and the target start time for the Sharing AP to start exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] .
[0295] For Joint sounding, within the Co-BF Sounding invite trigger frame, one or more of the following information is included within one or more of: one or more bits of bits: B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field, B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field; and within one or more additional Special User Info field (s) assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID: the Sounding type (Joint or Sequential) (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s control frame exchange (ICF / ICR) presence Indication (1 bit) ; the intra-BSS1 or Sharing AP’s Co-BF sounding duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) (the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) + NDPA for joint sounding in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 4, or 1 μs) ; the target start time for the Shared AP to send its joint-NDP for joint sounding (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] ; the recommended OBSS CSI MCS level (4 or 5 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s, may indicate that no recommendation is required; the recommended OBSS CSI NSS (1 or 2 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required in case of 2 bits subfield; the Shared AP’s joint-NDP Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame to the start of Shared AP’s joint NDP transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 4, or 1 μs; the target start time for the Shared AP to initiate its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) (if required) or to directly proceed with its joint sounding (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , or TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] ; the Shared AP’s Co-BF sounding Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Sounding Invite ICF frame to the start of Shared AP’s ICF or Co-BF joint sounding round, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 4, or 1 μs; the duration for the Shared AP to complete its Co-BF sounding process, which includes ICF / ICR exchanges with its scheduled non-AP STAs (e.g., eMLSR, DPS, …, etc. ) (if required) or to directly proceed with its joint sounding (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 4, or 1 μs; the Sharing AP’s Co-BF Sounding sequence Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Sharing AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs complete the Joint-BSS1 sequence; and the whole Co-BF Sounding sequence Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs allocated for the Co-BF Joint Sounding sequence initiated by the Sharing AP and / or the Co-BF Joint Sounding sequence initiated by the Shared AP.
[0296] In some embodiments, within the response to the Co-BF Sounding invite frame, one or more of the following information is included within the Block Ack Bitmap subfield of the Special per-AID TID Info field for the MAPC response: the intra-BSS2 or Shared AP’s Co-BF sounding duration field (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) (the duration field may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs; the duration field indicating may indicate the required time for the ICF / ICR exchange (if it exists) + NDPA for joint sounding in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, or 1 μs) ; the target start time for the Sharing AP to send its joint NDP for joint sounding (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , or TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] ; the Sharing AP’s joint-NDP Target Start Time subfield may also represent the offset from the Co-BF Sounding response ICR frame to the start of Sharing AP’s joint NDP transmission, expressed in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 4, or 1 μs; the recommended OBSS CSI MCS level (4 or 5 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required; the recommended OBSS CSI NSS (1 or 2 bits) wherein one value, such as all 1’s , may indicate that no recommendation is required in case of 2 bits subfield; the Shared AP’s Co-BF Sounding sequence Duration field indicates the duration in units of 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, or 1 μs over which the Shared AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs complete the Joint-BSS2 sounding if the sequence is allowed by the Sharing AP; and the target start time for the Sharing AP to start exchanging OBSS CSI status or confirmation frames with the Shared AP (7, 8, 9, or 10 bits) , indicating the value of time synchronization function TSF [15: 9] , TSF [15: 8] , TSF [15: 7] , or TSF [15: 6] .
[0297] Regarding the ICF / ICR frame exchange between the AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs, the ICF frame trigger type value is equal to 4, corresponding to a BSRP with the GI and HE / UHR-LTF type sub-field having a value of 3 or any other values 0 to 2.
[0298] In an embodiment, the ICF frame exchanged between the AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs may include User Info fields for eMLSR, DPS, and other STAs that require preparation time before the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink transmission. Scheduled non-AP STAs that do not require such preparation (i.e., those not classified as eMLSR, DPS, etc. ) are excluded from the ICF frame sent prior to the Co-BF / Co-SR Sync frame or the actual downlink transmission.
[0299] In an embodiment, ICF frame exchanged between the AP and its scheduled non-AP STAs may include User Info fields for all scheduled non-AP STAs (both the non-AP STAs that require preparation time before the Co-BF / Co-SR downlink transmission and non-AP STAs that do not require such preparation. In this case, the ICR frame may serve as a mechanism for the scheduled non-AP STAs to either accept or decline participation in a Co-BF / Co-SR transmission. This is done by responding to the ICF frame with an acceptance or rejection, or by simply ignoring the ICF frame and not responding at all.
[0300] In an embodiment, ICR frame may be formatted as a Multi-STA Block Ack frame with a Special per AID TID Info field identified by ACK Type = 0 and TID = 13 and Feedback Type = any remaining reserved values (e.g., 4-15) to indicate ICR for Co-BF / Co-SR.
[0301] In an embodiment, Decline Info field may be included in the ICR frame (when indicating a decline) can be defined as a 2-to 3-bit field or 3-to 5-bit bitmap field. The Decline Info includes one or more of the following decline reasons: unspecified reason, Unavailable due to Dynamic Unavailability Operation or RTWT, power saving, or any other Decline reason.
[0302] In an embodiment, within the ICR, one field can be included to indicate whether the non-AP STA accepts or declines participating in the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission and the reason for declining if available.
[0303] In an embodiment, in addition to specifying the reason for declining participating in the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission, the non-AP STA may also include supplementary information in the ICR ‘Decline’ frame to provide further context. For example, the non-AP STA may indicate its anticipated unavailability period duration and start time (e.g., 9 or 10 bits) if it is temporarily unable to participate in the Co-BF / Co-SR transmission phase.
[0304] Example embodiments are provided for example cases when either AP does not receive the CSI from stations outside its BSS.
[0305] The pre-existing Co-BF sounding process assumes that APs can successfully overhear each other’s CSI reports to facilitate effective coordinated beamforming. However, in practical deployment scenarios, this assumption is not always valid due to interference, channel impairments, or scheduling conflicts. If an AP fails to overhear the CSI reports from its neighboring AP’s STAs, it may not obtain the required information for proper signal nulling, leading to degraded performance or failure to proceed with Co-BF transmission.
[0306] FIGs. 13A and 13B schematically illustrate the sequential and joint sounding sequences 1300a and 1300B, respectively, in which the Shared AP2 1320 does not correctly receive the CSI 1353a, 1353b from Overlapped Basic Service Set (OBSS) . This may also be referred to as Cross-CSI or OBSS CSI. According to embodiments, two example means of remediating this problem are disclosed.
[0307] In the first example solution, no action is required during the Co-BF sounding. If the Shared AP misses the OBSS CSI report, the Shared AP can proceed with the third and fourth rounds of the sequential sounding process or the second round of the joint sounding process, as normal, allowing the Sharing AP to gather the necessary OBSS CSI reports from one or more non-AP STAs associated with the Sharing AP. Later, upon receiving the Co-BF Invite from the Sharing AP to initiate the Co-BF transmission phase, including the STA ID (s) of the Sharing AP’s non-AP STA (s) for which the Shared AP failed to obtain CSI, the Shared AP can simply decline the Co-BF invitation to participate in the Co-BF transmission phase.
[0308] However, it may be important for the Shared AP to communicate that the reason for declining the Co-BF invitation is a failure during the Co-BF sounding process. To address this, in an embodiment, the Shared AP includes a (e.g., 2-3 bit) Decline Info subfield within the Co-BF Response ICR frame. This subfield would indicate the reason for declining the Co-BF invitation, selecting from the following options: unavailable to participate in the Co-BF transmission; no buffered data for DL transmission; failure during the Co-BF sounding phase; and
[0309] Co-BF parameter or request misalignment (e.g., transmission duration, minimum and maximum number of OFDM data symbols, memory flushing, or any other parameter included in the Co-BF Invite ICF frame) .
[0310] Alternatively, the Co-BF Response ICR may include one field to indicate whether the Shared AP accepts or declines the Co-BF transmission invitation and the reason for declining if available as shown in Table 2. Table 2: Field values for Shared AP to indicate accept or decline of Co-BF transmission invitation in the Co-BF Response ICR
[0311] Similarly, the Co-SR Response ICR can include one field to indicate whether the Shared AP accepts or declines the Co-SR transmission invitation and the reason for declining if available as shown in Table 3. Table 3: Field values for Shared AP to indicate accept or decline of Co-BF transmission invitation in the Co-BF Response ICR
[0312] Similarly to Co-BF, a Decline Info field may be included in the Co-TDMA Response frame (when indicating a decline) and can be defined as a 2-to 3-bit numeric field or 3-to 5-bit bitmap field. The Decline Info includes one or more of the following decline reasons: unspecified reason, Unavailable due to Dynamic Unavailability Operation or Co-RTWT, Co-TDMA transmission parameters misalignment e.g., allocated time or TXOP duration, No buffered Downlink Data, or / and decline due to other Multi-AP Coordination activities, such as Co-RTWT or any other service-period based MAPC coordination. An example for the format of a 3-bit Decline Info field is given in Table 4. Table 4: Format of a 3-bit Decline Info field in the Co-TDMA Response frame to indicate Sharing AP’s accept or decline
[0313] An example for the format of a 2-bit Decline Info field is given in Table 5. Table 5: Format of a 2-bit Decline Info field in the Co-TDMA Response frame to indicate Sharing AP’s accept or decline
[0314] Notably, the order of the decline reasons and their values may be changed.
[0315] Similarly to Co-BF, in the Co-TDMA Response ICR, one field can be included to indicate whether the Shared AP accepts or declines the Co-TDMA transmission invitation and the reason for declining if available as in Table 6. Table 6: Format of a field in the Co-TDMA Response frame to indicate Shared AP’s accept or decline of the Co-TDMA transmission invitation
[0316] Another format of the Decision field, included in Co-TDMA Response frame to indicate whether the shared AP accepts or declines the Co-SR transmission invitation and the reason for declining if available, is given in Table 7. Table 7: Format of a Decision field in the Co-TDMA Response frame to indicate Shared AP’s accept or decline of the Co-TDMA transmission invitation
[0317] In addition to specifying the reason for declining the Co-TDMA invitation, the Shared AP may also include supplementary information in the Co-TDMA Response ‘Decline’ frame to provide further context. For example, the Shared AP may indicate one or more of: its anticipated unavailability period duration and start time (e.g., 9 or 10 bits) if it is temporarily unable to participate in the Co-TDMA transmission phase; and its preferred transmission parameters (e.g., required duration to be allocated) .
[0318] In embodiments, the Shared AP may need to indicate multiple reasons (e.g., more than one reason) for declining a Co-TDMA Invitation in its Co-TDMA Response ‘Decline’ frame. To support this, the Decline Info field can be structured as a Decline Info bitmap field, where each bit represents a specific reason. For instance, a bit value of ‘0’ indicates that the corresponding decline reason is not met, while a value of ‘1’ indicates that the decline reason is met and contributes to the decline decision. Following this convention, a (e.g., 3-to 5-bit) Decline Info bitmap may be included in Co-BF Response ‘Decline’ frame including one of more of the above-mentioned decline reasons. Additionally, if the reason for declining the Co-BF invitation is a failure during the Co-BF sounding process, the Shared AP may indicate within the Co-BF Response ICR (Decline) frame which of the Sharing AP’s scheduled non-AP STA (s) it failed to obtain CSI reports from, so that those STA(s) may be considered for a future repetition of the Co-BF sounding process with the Sharing AP.
[0319] FIG. 14 shows a portion 1400 of a Co-BF sounding process in which the Shared AP declines to participate, communicating one of the aforementioned reasons back to the Sharing AP.
[0320] In the second example solution, an action is required during the Co-BF sounding. If the Shared AP misses the OBSS CSI report, then the Shared AP may not proceed with the third and fourth rounds of the sequential sounding process or the second round of the joint sounding process. There can be two example courses of action the Shared AP may take, described below as examples.
[0321] In an embodiment, the Shared AP may request the Sharing AP to repeat the second round of sequential sounding (cross-BSS1 sounding) or the first round of the joint sounding phase, instead of initiating its third round of sequential sounding (cross-BSS2 sounding) or the second round of the joint sounding phase. Within this request, it may suggest updating the recommended CSI MCS and NSS subfields of the OBSS CSI reports used by OBSS non-AP STAs to enhance the reliability of CSI report transmission. A new defined public action frame or one of the existing trigger frames (e.g., BSRP, BFRP, or MU-RTS) may be used for this request.
[0322] In an embodiment, the, the Shared AP may request from the Sharing AP to send it’s the Sharing AP’s scheduled non-AP STA’s OBSS CSI report directly (if it is recorded at the Sharing AP’s memory) before proceeding with the third and fourth rounds of the sequential sounding process or the second round of the joint sounding process. A new defined public action frame or one of the existing trigger frames (e.g., BSRP, BFRP, or MU-RTS) may be used for this request. Also, a new defined public action frame or Multi-STA BA or ACK may be used for the response. Following this, for the third and fourth rounds of sequential sounding, or the second round of the joint sounding process, these actions can either be deferred until AP2 acquires the TXOP and invites AP1 to complete the Co-BF sounding procedure, or the Shared AP2 may proceed with them if the remaining duration of the shared TXOP allows.
[0323] Notably, if the Sharing AP misses one or all OBSS CSI report (s) , then it will not invite the Shared AP for any Co-BF transmission phase until it has a successful Co-BF sounding phase and obtains its OBSS CSI report. When the Sharing AP obtains the TXOP again, then it may re-invite the Shared AP to complete the Co-BF sounding procedure.
[0324] In an embodiment, if the Sharing AP misses one or all OBSS CSI report (s) , upon receiving the Co-BF Response from the Shared AP to accept initiating the Co-BF transmission phase, and declaring the non-AP STAs that the shared AP plans to serve during this Co-BF transmission phase including the STA ID (s) of the Shared AP’s non-AP STA (s) for which the Sharing AP failed to obtain CSI, then the Sharing AP can simply terminate the Co-BF transmission phase by sending a Co-BF termination frame (e.g., public action frame) to the Shared AP, right after the Co-BF Response before initiating its ICF / ICR (if it exists) or sending Co-BF Sync frame. However, it may be valuable for the Sharing AP to communicate that the reason for terminating the Co-BF transmission phase is a failure during the Co-BF sounding process, that can be included within the Co-BF termination frame (e.g., public action frame) to the Shared AP. Additionally, if the termination the Co-BF transmission is due to a failure during the Co-BF sounding process, then the Sharing AP may indicate within the Co-BF termination frame (e.g., public action frame) which of the Shared AP’s scheduled non-AP STA (s) it failed to obtain CSI reports from, so that those STA (s) may be considered for a future repetition of the Co-BF sounding process with the Shared AP.
[0325] In an embodiment, if the Sharing AP misses its OBSS CSI report and the remaining time in TXOP allows a repetition of the missed part of the Co-BF sounding process, then the Sharing AP may request the Shared AP to repeat the fourth round of sequential sounding (cross-BSS2 sounding) or the second round of the joint sounding phase. Within this request, it may suggest updating the recommended CSI MCS and NSS subfields of the OBSS CSI reports, used by OBSS non-AP STAs, to enhance the reliability of the CSI report transmission. A new defined public action frame or one of the existing trigger frames (e.g., BSRP, BFRP, or MU-RTS) may be used for this request.
[0326] In an embodiment, the Sharing AP may also request from the Shared AP to send its scheduled non-AP STA’s OBSS CSI report directly (if it is recorded within the Shared AP’s memory) . A new defined public action frame or one of the existing trigger frames (e.g., BSRP, BFRP, or MU-RTS) may be used for this request. Also, a new defined public action frame or Multi-STA BA or ACK may be used for the response.
[0327] In some embodiments, the Co-BF Response ICR can include one multi-bit Decision field to indicate whether the shared AP accepts or declines the Co-BF transmission invitation and the reason for declining if available. Decision values may include: Accept; Decline (no reason / Unspecified reason) ; Decline (Unavailable or unready to participate in the Co-BF transmission) ; Decline (Failure during the Co-BF sounding phase) ; and Decline (Co-BF parameter misalignment (e.g., transmission duration, minimum and maximum number of OFDM data symbols, memory flushing, or any other parameter included in the Co-BF Invite ICF frame) .
[0328] Embodiments have been disclosed teaching control frame exchange including timing and duration, ensuring that even if overhearing fails, APs still have the required information to proceed with Co-BF / Co-SR transmission. Effects include reduced uncertainty, prevention of unnecessary delays, and a predefined timeline for AP transmissions. Methods are disclosed wherein If a Shared AP misses its OBSS CSI report, it may proceed with later Co-BF sounding rounds as normal. This allows continued CSI gathering, preventing interruptions in the sounding process. Inclusion of a 2-3 bit Decline Info field in the Co-BF Response frame to indicate reasons for declining participation provides transparency in Co-BF and ensures informed decision-making by the Sharing AP. To enhance reliability and accuracy of CSI report transmission, the Shared AP may request a reattempt of the second round of sequential sounding (cross-BSS1) or the first round of joint sounding, recommending updates to OBSS CSI MCS and NSS parameters, or alternatively, the Shared AP may request the Sharing AP to send a scheduled non-AP STA’s OBSS CSI report directly if it is stored in the Sharing AP’s memory.
[0329] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0330] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0331] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0332] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0333] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0334] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0335] In some embodiments, this application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0336] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0337] Embodiments of the present application can be implemented using electronics hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the application is implemented by one or multiple computer processors executing program instructions stored in memory. In some embodiments, the application is implemented partially or fully in hardware, for example using one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to rapidly perform processing operations.
[0338] It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the technology have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the technology. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of the application as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present application. In particular, it is within the scope of the technology to provide a computer program product or program element, or a program storage or memory device such as a magnetic or optical wire, tape or disc, or the like, for storing signals readable by a machine, for controlling the operation of a computer according to the method of the technology and / or to structure some or all of its components in accordance with the system of the technology.
[0339] Acts associated with the method described herein can be implemented as coded instructions in a computer program product. In other words, the computer program product is a computer-readable medium upon which software code is recorded to execute the method when the computer program product is loaded into memory and executed on the microprocessor of the wireless communication device.
[0340] Further, each operation of the method may be executed on any computing device, such as a personal computer, server, PDA, or the like and pursuant to one or more, or a part of one or more, program elements, modules or objects generated from any programming language, such as C++, Java, or the like. In addition, each operation, or a file or object or the like implementing each said operation, may be executed by special purpose hardware or a circuit module designed for that purpose.
[0341] Through the descriptions of the preceding embodiments, the present application may be implemented by using hardware only or by using software and a necessary universal hardware platform. Based on such understandings, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product may be stored in a non-volatile or non-transitory storage medium, which can be a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , USB flash disk, or a removable hard disk. The software product includes a number of instructions that enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application. For example, such an execution may correspond to a simulation of the logical operations as described herein. The software product may additionally or alternatively include a number of instructions that enable a computer device to execute operations for configuring or programming a digital logic apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present application.
[0342] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0343] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0344] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
A method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) , the method comprising, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN:receiving, from a second AP in the WLAN, a first frame in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between at least the first AP and the second AP, the first frame indicative of a timing of a control frame exchange related to the TXOP, the control frame communication being one or more of:between the first AP and one or more first stations (STAs) , the one or more first STAs associated with the first AP; andbetween the second AP and one or more second STAs, the one or more second STAs associated with the second AP; andtransmitting, to the one or more first STAs, a first control frame at a first time, the first time being based on the timing indicated in the first frame.The method of claim 1, wherein the first frame is one of:a coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) invite frame;a Co-BF response frame;a Co-BF synchronization trigger frame;a Co-BF sounding invite frame;a Co-BF sounding response frame;a coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) invite frame;a Co-SR response frame; anda Co-SR synchronization trigger frame.The method of claim 1, wherein the timing is one or more of:a start time of the control frame exchange related to sounding or transmission sequence of the MAPC;a delay time for the control frame exchange related to the sounding or transmission sequence the MAPC; anda duration of the control frame exchange related to the sounding or transmission sequence the MAPC.The method of claim 1, wherein the control frame exchange related to the TXOP is one or more of:a first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs comprising:a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs; anda one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs;a second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs comprising:a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs; anda one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs;a third control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs comprising one of:a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs, and a one or more first block acknowledgement (BA) frames from the one or more first STAs; oronly the one or more first block acknowledgement (BA) frames from the one or more first STAs to the first AP; anda fourth control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs comprising one of:a second MU-BAR frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs, and a one or more second BA frames from the one or more second STAs; oronly the one or more second block acknowledgement (BA) frames from the one or more second STAs to the second AP.An apparatus in a wireless local area network, the apparatus comprising a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.A method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) , the method comprising, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN:transmitting, to a second AP in the WLAN, a first frame comprising an invite frame for the MAPC between the first AP and at least the second AP, the invite frame indicative of one or more of:whether a first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first stations (STAs) is needed for the MAPC, the one or more first STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange comprising:a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; orthe one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs;a duration of the first control frame exchange; anda start time or a delay of a second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs, the one or more second STAs associated with the second AP, the second control frame exchange comprising:a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs; anda one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs; andreceiving, from the second AP, a second frame comprising a response frame.The method of claim 6, wherein:the invite frame is a coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) invite frame and the response frame is a Co-BF response frame;the invite frame is a Co-BF sounding invite frame and the response frame is a Co-BF sounding response frame; orthe invite frame is a coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) invite frame and the response frame is a Co-SR response frame.The method of any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the response frame is indicative of one or more of:whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs is needed for the MAPC, the second control frame exchange comprising:the second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs; orthe one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs;a duration of the second control frame exchange;a start time for a transmission of a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP; anda delay for the transmission of the synchronization trigger frame by the first AP.The method of any one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP, the first initial control frame to the one or more first STAs; andfor each first STA of the one or more first STAs for which the first AP fails to successfully receive a respective initial control response frame:transmitting a synchronization trigger frame which excludes a User Info Field for the first STA;transmitting the synchronization trigger frame which includes User Info Field for the first STA and transmitting a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having zero-energy for an Ultra-High Reliability short training field (UHR-STF) , zero-energy for a Ultra-High Reliability long training field (UHR-LTF) and zero-energy for a data portion on an assigned spatial stream to the first STA; ortransmitting the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having each of the short training field (UHR-STF) , long training field (UHR-LTF) and a data portion for the first STA set to zeroes or set to padding.The method of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP, the first initial control frame to the one or more first STAs; andin response to failing to successfully receive the all first initial control response frames from the all first STAs by the first AP:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a termination frame; orassigning, by the first AP, a remainder of the TXOP to the second AP.The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting the synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP at a time determined according to the response frame.The method of claim 6, wherein the invite frame is indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange, the response frame is indicative of a duration of the second control frame exchange, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame upon expiry of at least the duration of the first control frame exchange and the duration of the second control frame exchange.The method of any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of a duration associated with receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs.The method of any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of a duration associated with transmitting a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame by the first AP to the one or more first STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement (BA) frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs.The method of any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of one or more of:a duration associated with receiving one or more first block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs;a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of a multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second STAs; anda duration associated with a transmission of the MU-BAR frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and receiving, by the second AP, one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second STAs following the transmission of the respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second STAs.The method of any one of claims 6 to 15, wherein the invite frame is a first trigger frame with a first trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and wherein a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the first trigger frame is set to 3.The method of claim 6, further comprising transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP,wherein the invite frame is a first trigger frame,wherein the synchronization trigger frame is a second trigger frame having a trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, andwherein a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the second trigger frame is set to 3.The method of claim 16, further comprising transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP, wherein the synchronization frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to the BSRP trigger frame format, wherein a corresponding BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value of the second trigger frame is set to a value less than 3.The method of claim 16, wherein the first trigger frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:an indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs is needed for the MAPC;a first duration field indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange;a start time field indicative of the start time or the delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs; anda second duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange;the bit range comprising one or more of:one or more of bit B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of a Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Variant Common Info field;one or more of bits B17–B39 of a UHR Variant Special User Info field, anda one or more additional Special User Info fields assigned a Special Association identifier (AID) greater than 2007 or an ID of the second AP.The method of claim 19, wherein:the indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first stations (STAs) is needed for the MAPC is a 1-bit indication;the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs;the start time field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits; andthe second duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the second duration in units of 1 μs.The method of claim 20, wherein the first duration field has 10 bits and the second duration field has 10 bits.The method of claim 8, wherein the response frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:an indication of whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs is needed for the MAPC;a first duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange; anda start time field indicative of the start time or the delay for the transmission of the synchronization frame by the first AP;wherein the bit range comprises a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-Association identifier (per-AID) traffic identifier (TID) Info field of the response frame formatted as a Multi-STA Block Acknowledgement frame.The method of claim 22, wherein:the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; andthe start time field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits.The method of claim 23, wherein the first duration field has 10 bits.The method of claim 6, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising transmitting a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP to the second AP, wherein the synchronization frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:a first field indicative of a duration associated with a transmission of:a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs; oronly receiving the one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first STAs following the transmission of the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first STAs; anda second field indicative of a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second STAs,wherein the bit range comprises one or more of:one or more of bits B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field;one or more of bits B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field; andone or more additional Special User Info (s) field assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a Shared AP ID.The method of claim 25, wherein:the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; andthe start time field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits.The method of claim 26, wherein the first duration field has 10 bits.The method of claim 6,wherein the first frame further comprises the first initial control frame,wherein transmitting the first frame to the second AP comprises transmitting the first frame to the second AP and the one or more first STAs, andwherein the first frame is indicative of one or more of:whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first STAs is needed for the MAPC;the duration of the first control frame exchange; andthe start time or the delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs,wherein the invite frame is indicative of at least one of:a duration for the one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; andthe start time or a delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second STAs.The method of claim 6, wherein the second frame further comprises the second initial control frame.The method of claim 6, wherein the response frame comprises one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the second AP accepts or declines the invite frame for the MAPC.The method of claim 30, wherein the one multi-bit Decision field is further indicative of the second AP declining the invite frame for the MAPC and a reason for declining.An apparatus in a wireless local area network, the apparatus comprising a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 6 to 31.A method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) between a first access point (AP) a wireless local area network (WLAN) and at least a second AP in the WLAN, the method comprising, at the second AP:receiving, from the first AP, a first frame comprising an invite frame for the MAPC, the invite frame indicative of one or more of:whether a first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first AP’s stations (STAs) is needed for the MAPC, the one or more first AP’s STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange comprising:a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first AP’s STAs; orthe one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first AP’s STAs;a duration of the first control frame exchange; anda start time or a delay of a second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second AP’s STAs, the one or more second AP’s STAs associated with the second AP, the second control frame exchange comprising:a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs; anda one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs; andtransmitting, to the first AP, a second frame comprising a response frame.The method of claim 33, wherein:the invite frame is a coordinated beamforming (Co-BF) invite frame and the response frame is a Co-BF response frame;the invite frame is a Co-BF sounding invite frame and the response frame is a Co-BF sounding response frame; orthe invite frame is a coordinated spatial reuse (Co-SR) invite frame and the response frame is a Co-SR response frame.The method of any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the response frame is indicative of one or more of:whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC, the second control frame exchange comprising:the second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs and the one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs; orthe one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs;a duration of the second control frame exchange;a start time for a transmission of a synchronization trigger frame by the first AP; anda delay for the transmission of the synchronization trigger frame by the first AP.The method of any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the second AP, the second initial control frame to the one or more second AP’s STAs; andfor each second AP’s STA of the one or more second AP’s STAs for which the second AP fails to successfully receive a respective initial control response frame:transmitting a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having zero-energy for a short training field (UHR-STF) , zero-energy for a long training field (UHR-LTF) and zero-energy for a data portion on an assigned spatial stream to the second AP’s STA; ortransmitting the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP, the DL PPDU having each of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and the data portion for the second AP’s STA set to zeroes or set to padding.The method of any one of claims 33 to 34, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:transmitting, by the second AP, the second initial control frame to the one or more second AP’s STAs; andin response to failing to successfully receive any second initial control response frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs by the second AP:transmitting, by the second AP to the first AP, a termination frame.The method of claim 35, further comprising receiving the synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP at a time determined according to the response frame.The method of claim 33, wherein the invite frame is indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange, the response frame is indicative of a duration of the second control frame exchange, the method further comprising:receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame upon expiry of at least the duration of the first control frame exchange and the duration of the second control frame exchange.The method of any one of claims 33 or 34, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of a duration associated with receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs.The method of any one of claims 33 or 34, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of a duration associated with transmitting a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement (BA) frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs.The method of any one of claims 33 or 34, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising:receiving, by the second AP from the first AP, a synchronization trigger frame, the invite frame or the synchronization trigger frame indicative of one or more of:a duration associated with receiving one or more first block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs;a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of a multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs; anda duration associated with a transmission of the MU-BAR frame from the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs and receiving, by the second AP, one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs following the transmission of the respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs.The method of claim 33, further comprising receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP, wherein the invite frame is a first trigger frame with a first trigger type and the synchronization frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type, the first and second trigger type each equal to 3 and corresponding to a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) trigger frame format.The method of any one of claims 33 to 42, wherein the invite frame is a first trigger frame with a first trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and wherein a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the first trigger frame is set to 3.The method of claim 33, further comprising receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP,wherein the invite frame is a first trigger frame,wherein the synchronization trigger frame is a second trigger frame having a trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, andwherein a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the second trigger frame is set to 3.The method of claim 44, further comprising receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP, wherein the synchronization frame is a second trigger frame with a second trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to the BSRP trigger frame format, wherein a corresponding BSRP Guard Interval and HE / UHR-LTF type subfield value of the second trigger frame is set to a value less than 3.The method of 44, wherein the first trigger frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:an indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and the one or more first AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC;a first duration field indicative of the duration of the first control frame exchange;a start time field indicative of the start time or the delay of the second control frame exchange between the second AP and one or more second AP’s STAs; anda second duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange;the bit range comprising one or more of:one or more of bit B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of a Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Variant Common Info field;one or more of bits B17–B39 of a UHR Variant Special User Info field, anda one or more additional Special User Info fields assigned a Special Association identifier (AID) greater than 2007 or an ID of the second AP.The method of claim 47, wherein:the indication of whether the first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC is a 1-bit indication;the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs;the start time field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits; andthe second duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the second duration in units of 1 μs.The method of claim 48, wherein the first duration field has 10 bits and the second duration field has 10 bits.The method of claim 35, wherein the response frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:an indication of whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second AP’s STAs is needed for the MAPC;a first duration field indicative of the duration of the second control frame exchange; anda start time field indicative of the start time or the delay for the transmission of the synchronization frame by the first AP;wherein the bit range comprises a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-Association identifier (per-AID) traffic identifier (TID) Info field of the response frame formatted as a Multi-STA Block Acknowledgement frame.The method of claim 50, wherein:the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; andthe start time field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits.The method of claim 51, wherein the first duration field has 10 bits.The method of claim 33, wherein the MAPC is in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the first AP and at least the second AP, the method further comprising receiving a synchronization trigger frame by the second AP from the first AP, wherein the synchronization frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:a first field indicative of a duration associated with a transmission of:a first multi-user block acknowledgment request (MU-BAR) frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and receiving one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following a transmission of a Downlink (DL) Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs; oronly receiving the one or more block acknowledgement frames by the first AP from the one or more first AP’s STAs following the transmission of the DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the first AP to the one or more first AP’s STAs; anda second field indicative of a start time or delay for initiating, by the second AP, a transmission of one or more second block acknowledgement frames from the one or more second AP’s STAs following a transmission of a respective DL PPDU frame within the TXOP by the second AP to the one or more second AP’s STAs,wherein the bit range comprises one or more of:one or more of bits B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of the UHR Variant Common Info field;one or more of bits B17–B39 of the UHR Variant Special User Info field; andone or more additional Special User Info (s) field assigned a Special AID greater than 2007 or a second AP ID.The method of claim 53, wherein:the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits indicative of the first duration in units of 1 μs; andthe start time field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits.The method of claim 54, wherein the first duration field has 10 bits.The method of claim 33,wherein the first frame further comprises the first initial control frame,wherein transmitting the second frame to the first AP comprises transmitting the second to the first AP and the one or more second AP’s STAs, andwherein the second frame is indicative of one or more of:whether the second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs is needed for the MAPC;the duration of the second control frame exchange; andthe start time or the delay of the first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more first AP’s STAs.The method of claim 33, wherein the second frame further comprises the second initial control frame.The method of claim 33, wherein the response frame comprises one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the second AP accepts or declines the invite frame for the MAPC.The method of claim 58, wherein the one multi-bit Decision field is further indicative of the second AP declining the invite frame for the MAPC and a reason for declining.An apparatus in a wireless local area network, the apparatus comprising a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 33 to 59.A system in a wireless local area network, the system comprising:a first apparatus having a first processor and a first memory, the first memory including first machine executable instructions which when executed by the first processor configure the first apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 6 to 31; anda second apparatus having a second processor and a second memory, the second memory including second machine executable instructions which when executed by the second processor configure the second apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 33 to 59.A method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) , the method comprising, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN:transmitting, to a second AP in the WLAN, a sounding invite frame for sounding within the MAPC, the sounding invite frame indicative of a sounding type indicative of joint or sequential sounding and one or more parameters:whether a first control frame exchange is present within a sounding sequence of the MAPC, a first in-BSS sounding being between the first AP and one or more first STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange comprising:a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; orthe one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs;a first duration of communication for one or more of:the first control frame exchange;the first in-BSS sounding; andthe duration allocated by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence within the same TXOP..The method of claim 62, wherein the sounding invite frame is a trigger frame with a trigger type equal to 4 and corresponding to a buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame format, and wherein a BSRP Guard Interval and a High Efficiency / Ultra High Reliability Long Training Field (HE / UHR-LTF) type subfield value of the first trigger frame is set to 3.The method of claim 62 or 63, wherein the one or more parameters are indicated in a bit range comprising one or more of:one or more of bit B22, B26, B37–B54, B56-B59, and B63 of a Ultra High Reliability (UHR) Variant Common Info field;one or more of bits B17–B39 of a UHR Variant Special User Info field, and a one or more additional Special User Info fields assigned a Special Association identifier (AID) greater than 2007 or an ID of the second AP.The method of claim 62, wherein the sounding is a sequential sounding and the sounding invite frame is further indicative of one or more of:whether the first in-BSS sounding is present in the sequential sounding;an order of the first in-BSS sounding and the first cross-BSS sounding; anda second duration for the first in-BSS sounding; anda third duration of the duration allocated by the first AP to the second AP to complete its sounding sequence within the same TXOP.The method of claim 65, wherein:the indication of the sounding type is a 1-bit indication;the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 1 μs;the second duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 16 μs; andthe third duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 16 μs.The method of claim 66, wherein:the first duration field has 10 bits;the second duration field has 8 bits; andthe third duration field has 8 bits.The method of claim 62, wherein the sounding is a joint sounding and the sounding invite frame is further indicative of a second duration of communication for one or more of:a first control frame exchange between the first AP and one or more second STAs associated with the first AP, the first control frame exchange comprising:a first initial control frame from the first AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs; orthe one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs;the first in-BSS sounding; anda NDPA frame by the first AP for a first joint-BSS sounding between the first AP and the second AP.The method of claim 62, wherein the sounding response frame is indicative of one or more of:whether a second control frame exchange is present within the second in-BSS sounding, the second control frame exchange comprising:a second initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more second STAs and a one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs; orthe one or more second initial control response frames from the one or more second STAs;a second duration of communication for one or more of:the second control frame exchange;the second in-BSS sounding; anda NDPA frame by the second AP for a second cross-BSS sounding between the first AP and the second AP; anda start time for the first AP to transmit an NDP frame for the second cross-BSS sounding.The method of claim 62, wherein the sounding response frame includes one or more of:a first duration field indicative of the duration of a second control frame exchange between the second AP and the one or more second STAs;a second duration field indicative of the duration required by the second AP from the first AP to complete its sounding sequence.The method of claim 70, wherein the response frame comprises, within a bit range, one or more of:the first duration field; andthe second duration field,wherein the bit range comprises a Block Ack Bitmap subfield of a Special per-Association identifier (per-AID) traffic identifier (TID) Info field of the response frame formatted as a Multi-STA Block Acknowledgement frame.The method of claim 70, wherein:the indication of the sounding type is a 1-bit indication;the first duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 1 μs; andthe second duration field has 7, 8, 9, or 10 bits in units of 16 μs.The method of claim 72, wherein:the first duration field has 10 bits; andthe second duration field has 8 bits.The method of claim 69, wherein the sounding is a sequential sounding and the sounding response frame is further indicative of one or more of:whether the second in-BSS sounding is present in the sequential sounding; andan order of the second in-BSS sounding and the second cross-BSS sounding.The method of claim 62, wherein the sounding response frame comprises one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the second AP accepts or declines the sounding within the MAPC.The method of claim 75, wherein the one multi-bit Decision field is further indicative of the second AP declining the sounding within the MAPC and a reason for declining.An apparatus in a wireless local area network, the apparatus comprising a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 62 to 76.A method for a multi-access point coordination (MAPC) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) , the method comprising, at a first access point (AP) of the WLAN: :receiving, from a second AP in the WLAN, a sounding invite frame for sounding within the MAPC, the sounding invite frame indicative of one or more of:whether a first control frame exchange is present within a first in-basic service set (in-BSS) sounding sequence of the MAPC, the first in-BSS sounding being between the second AP and one or more first STAs associated with the second AP, the first control frame exchange comprising:a first initial control frame from the second AP to the one or more first STAs and a one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs; orthe one or more first initial control response frames from the one or more first STAs;a first duration of communication for one or more of:the first control frame exchange;the first in-BSS sounding; anda null data packed announcement (NDPA) frame by the second AP for a first cross-BSS sounding between the second AP and the first AP;a start time for the first AP to transmit a null data packet (NDP) frame for the first cross-BSS sounding; anda start time for initiating, by the first AP, a second in-BSS sounding between the first AP and one or more second STAs associated with the first AP; andtransmitting, to the second AP, a sounding response frame.The method of claim 78, further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP, the first NDP frame for the first cross-BSS sounding concurrently with a second NDP frame for the first cross-BSS sounding transmitted by the second AP.The method of claim 78 or 79, further comprising:successfully receiving, by the first AP from the one or more first STAs, corresponding one or more channel state information (CSI) reports during the first cross-BSS sounding.The method of claim 78 or 79, wherein the first AP fails to successfully receive at least one channel state information (CSI) report from the one or more first STAs during the first cross-BSS sounding.The method of claim 81, further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a response frame, in response to an invite frame for the MAPC in relation to a transmission opportunity (TXOP) to be shared between the second AP and at least the first AP, the response frame comprising a decline indicator and a Decline Info field value indicative of a failure in the sounding within the MAPC.The method of claim 81, further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a request for a repeat CSI reporting from the one or more first STAs for a channel state between the second AP and the one or more first STAs.The method of claim 83, wherein the request comprises a recommended CSI Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) and subfield and a recommended CSI Number of Spatial Streams (NSS) subfield for the repeat CSI reporting.The method of claim 81, further comprising:transmitting, by the first AP to the second AP, a request for a repeat CSI reporting directly from the second AP, the repeat CSI reporting being for a channel state between the second AP and the one or more first STA.The method of claim 78, wherein the sounding response frame comprises one multi-bit Decision field indicative of whether the first AP accepts or declines the sounding within the MAPC.The method of claim 86, wherein the one multi-bit Decision field is further indicative of the first AP declining the sounding within the MAPC and a reason for declining.An apparatus in a wireless local area network, the apparatus comprising a processor and memory, the memory including machine executable instructions which when executed by the processor configure the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 78 to 87.A system in a wireless local area network, the system comprising:a first apparatus having a first processor and a first memory, the first memory including first machine executable instructions which when executed by the first processor configure the first apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 62 to 76; anda second apparatus having a second processor and a second memory, the second memory including second machine executable instructions which when executed by the second processor configure the second apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 78 to 87.