Midamble transmission method and apparatus and first network element

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure are a midamble transmission method and apparatus and a first network element. The method comprises: a first network element inserts at least one midamble into a first channel on the basis of midamble interval information; and / or, the first network element inserts a midamble or does not insert a midamble into the first channel on the basis of first data volume information and / or the midamble interval information, wherein the midamble interval information comprises information of at least one midamble interval; the first network element comprises at least one of the following: a reader, a base station, a terminal, an intermediate node and an A-IoT device; and the first channel comprises at least one of the following: a PRDCH and a PDRCH.

Description

Mid-course transmission method, device and first network element

[0001] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510384996.9, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on March 28, 2025, entitled "Method, Apparatus and First Network Element for Mid-Range Transmission", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a mid-channel transmission method, apparatus, and first network element. Background Technology

[0003] To support the interconnection of hundreds of billions of things and address the high network construction costs and operational costs associated with large-scale deployments and subsequent maintenance such as battery replacements, a new type of Internet of Things (IoT) device is being designed within 5G New Radio Access (NR) systems: Ambient IoT (A-IoT). A-IoT devices possess little to no energy storage capacity, exhibiting low complexity, low cost, and low power consumption, which will facilitate ubiquitous sensing and interconnection. For 5G NR A-IoT communication systems, various types and capabilities of A-IoT devices may coexist, and A-IoT also offers diverse application scenarios and use cases.

[0004] In A-IoT communication, readers such as base stations or terminals send A-IoT downlink channels to devices, instructing different types of A-IoT devices to receive the downlink channels and instructing devices to send A-IoT uplink channels, thereby completing the backscattering of the incident signal or autonomously sending uplink response signals. To combat sampling frequency offset (SFO) multipath interference and improve the decoding success rate of A-IoT downlink or uplink channels, midambles may be included in the A-IoT downlink or uplink channels. However, current technology does not specify how readers or A-IoT devices should insert midambles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a mid-channel transmission method, apparatus, and first network element to address the problem that the current technology does not specify how a reader or A-IoT device should be inserted into the mid-channel.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this disclosure provides a mid-course transmission method, the method comprising:

[0007] The first network element inserts at least one intermediate navigator into the first channel according to the intermediate navigator spacing information; and / or, the first network element inserts or does not insert an intermediate navigator into the first channel according to the first data volume information and / or the intermediate navigator spacing information; the intermediate navigator spacing information includes information on at least one intermediate navigator spacing.

[0008] The first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: physical reader to device channel PRDCH, physical device to reader channel PDRCH.

[0009] This disclosure also provides a first network element, wherein the first network element includes a memory, a transceiver, and a processor:

[0010] A memory for storing computer programs; a transceiver for sending and receiving data under the control of the processor; and a processor for reading the computer programs from the memory and performing the following operations:

[0011] Based on the intermediate duct spacing information, at least one intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel; and / or,

[0012] Based on the first data volume information and / or intermediate navigator spacing information, insert an intermediate navigator or not insert an intermediate navigator in the first channel;

[0013] The intermediate navigation interval information includes information on at least one intermediate navigation interval; the first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH, physical device-to-reader channel PDRCH.

[0014] This disclosure also provides a mid-channel transmission device, including:

[0015] An insertion unit is used to insert at least one intermediate duct in the first channel according to the intermediate duct spacing information;

[0016] And / or,

[0017] The processing unit is configured to insert or not insert an intermediate cipher in the first channel based on the first data volume information and / or intermediate cipher interval information.

[0018] The intermediate navigation interval information includes information on at least one intermediate navigation interval; the first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH, physical device-to-reader channel PDRCH.

[0019] This disclosure also provides a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing the processor to perform the intermediate transmission method as described above.

[0020] This disclosure also provides a chip including a processor coupled to a memory for executing a computer program or instructions stored in the memory. When the processor executes the computer program or instructions, the intermediate transmission method described above is executed.

[0021] The above-disclosed technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] In the intermediate-channel transmission method, apparatus, and first network element of this disclosure, the first network element inserts at least one intermediate channel into the first channel according to the intermediate-channel interval information; and / or, the first network element inserts or does not insert an intermediate channel according to the first data volume information and / or the intermediate-channel interval information; thereby enabling the reader or A-IoT device to perform SFO estimation, time-frequency tracking, channel estimation, interference estimation, etc., based on the intermediate channel when receiving the first channel, thereby improving the decoding success rate of the first channel. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the intermediate-range transmission method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 2 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example 1 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0025] Figure 3 shows a second structural diagram of Example 1 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 4 shows a third structural diagram of Example 1 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0027] Figure 5 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example 2 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0028] Figure 6 shows a second structural diagram of Example 2 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0029] Figure 7 shows a third structural diagram of Example 2 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0030] Figure 8 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example 3 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0031] Figure 9 shows a second structural diagram of Example 3 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 10 shows a third structural diagram of Example 3 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 11 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example 4 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0034] Figure 12 shows a second structural diagram of Example 4 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0035] Figure 13 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example 5 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 14 shows a second structural diagram of Example 5 provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 15 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example Six provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 16 shows a second structural diagram of Example Six provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 17 shows a third structural diagram of Example Six provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 18 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example Seven provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 19 shows a second structural diagram of Example Seven provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 20 shows a third structural diagram of Example Seven provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 21 shows one of the structural diagrams of Example Eight provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 22 shows a second structural diagram of Example Eight provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 23 shows a third structural diagram of Example Eight provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 24 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the first network element provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 25 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate-guide transmission device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0048] Figure 26 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the chip system provided in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the technical problems, solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. In the embodiments of this disclosure, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0051] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure can be applied to a variety of systems. For example, applicable systems may include Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems, 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) New Radio (NR) systems and their evolutionary communication systems, and 6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (6G) systems. These systems may include terminal equipment and network equipment. The systems may also include a core network component, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or a 5G Core (5GC).

[0052] The terminal devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be devices that provide voice and / or data connectivity to users, handheld devices with wireless connectivity, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. The names of the terminal devices may differ in different systems; for example, in 5G or 6G systems, the terminal device may be called User Equipment (UE). Wireless terminal devices can be USB storage devices, other personal computer memory devices, and dongles. They can also communicate with one or more core networks (CNs) via a Radio Access Network (RAN). Wireless terminal devices can be mobile terminal devices, such as mobile phones (or "cellular" phones) and computers with mobile terminal devices. For example, they can be portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and / or data with the radio access network. Examples of such devices include Personal Communication Service (PCS) telephones, cordless phones, Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), personal computers, tablets, and Machine-type Communication (MTC) terminal devices. Wireless terminal devices can also be referred to as systems, subscriber units, subscriber stations, mobile stations, mobile devices, remote stations, access points, remote terminals, access terminals, user terminals, user agents, user devices, and wireless access devices and routers / modems that meet the limitations of this definition, but are not limited to these in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0053] The network device involved in this disclosure can be a base station, which may include multiple cells providing services to terminals. Depending on the specific application, the base station may also be called an access point, or a device in the access network that communicates with wireless terminal devices through one or more sectors on the air interface, or other names. The network device can be used to exchange received air frames with Internet Protocol (IP) packets, acting as a router between the wireless terminal device and the rest of the access network, where the rest of the access network may include an Internet Protocol (IP) communication network. The network device can also coordinate the attribute management of the air interface. For example, the network device involved in this disclosure can be an evolved Node B (eNB or e-NodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, a 5G base station (gNB) in a next generation system, or a Home evolved Node B (HeNB), relay node, femto, pico, network testing equipment, etc., and is not limited in this disclosure. In some network architectures, network devices may include centralized unit (CU) nodes and distributed unit (DU) nodes, which may also be geographically separated.

[0054] Network devices and terminal devices can each use one or more antennas to perform multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. MIMO transmission can be single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO. Depending on the shape and number of antenna combinations, MIMO transmission can be two-dimensional MIMO (2D-MIMO), three-dimensional MIMO (3D-MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), or massive-scale MIMO (MSMIMO). It can also be diversity transmission, pre-coded transmission, or beamforming transmission, etc.

[0055] As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment of the present disclosure provides a mid-course transmission method, the method comprising:

[0056] Step 101: The first network element inserts at least one intermediate cipher in the first channel according to the intermediate cipher interval information; and / or, the first network element inserts or does not insert an intermediate cipher in the first channel according to the first data volume information and / or the intermediate cipher interval information.

[0057] The intermediate navigation interval information includes information on at least one intermediate navigation interval; the first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: Physical Reader to Device Channel (PRDCH) and Physical Device to Reader Channel (PDRCH).

[0058] In some embodiments, when the intermediate guide interval information includes information on multiple intermediate guide intervals, the values ​​of the multiple intermediate guide intervals may be the same or different, and no specific limitation is made here.

[0059] In one implementation, when the first network element is a reader, base station, terminal, or intermediate node, the first channel is PRDCH.

[0060] In another implementation, when the first network element is an A-IoT device, base station, terminal, or intermediate node, the first channel is PDRCH.

[0061] In some embodiments, at least one midamble is configured in the first channel for SFO estimation, timing tracking, channel estimation, etc.

[0062] In one implementation, the first network element inserts or does not insert an intermediate cipher in the first channel based on the first data volume information and / or intermediate cipher interval information, including at least one of the following:

[0063] If the first data volume is less than the target threshold, no intermediate homing is inserted in the first channel;

[0064] If the first data volume is less than or equal to the target threshold, no intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel;

[0065] If the first data volume exceeds the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel;

[0066] If the first data volume is greater than or equal to the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel;

[0067] In some embodiments, the target threshold is: the number of bits, the number of symbols, the number of modulation symbols, or the duration; or, the target threshold is a percentage value of the intermediate frequency interval information. For example, the percentage value refers to X%, where X is a positive number, X>0, and X<=100.

[0068] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the first network element inserts at least one intermediate duct in the first channel according to the intermediate duct interval information; thereby enabling the reader or A-IoT device to perform SFO estimation, time-frequency tracking, channel estimation, interference estimation, etc. based on the intermediate duct when receiving the first channel, thereby improving the decoding success rate of the first channel.

[0069] As an optional embodiment, the information of the at least one intermediate guide interval includes at least one of the following:

[0070] The interval information between adjacent first and second intermediate conductors;

[0071] The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide;

[0072] The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide;

[0073] The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide;

[0074] The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide;

[0075] The interval information between the preamble and the first middle guide;

[0076] The interval information between the end position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element;

[0077] The interval information between the start position of the leader and the end position of the first middle leader;

[0078] The interval information between the start position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element;

[0079] The interval information between the end position of the leading term and the end position of the first intermediate term.

[0080] For example, the intermediate guide spacing information includes three values: the first value is the offset value of the starting point of the first intermediate guide relative to the ending position of the preceding guide; the second value is the offset value of the starting point of the second intermediate guide relative to the ending position of the first intermediate guide; and the third value is the offset value of the starting point of the third intermediate guide relative to the ending position of the second intermediate guide. Accordingly, the first network element inserts three intermediate guides in the first channel according to the above intermediate guide spacing information.

[0081] In some embodiments, the interval information is defined in any of the following ways:

[0082] Number of symbols in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM);

[0083] Number of time slots;

[0084] Number of bits;

[0085] Number of bytes;

[0086] Number of chips;

[0087] Number of Device to Reader (D2R) bit chips;

[0088] Number of D2R chips;

[0089] Number of D2R symbol chips;

[0090] Number of Reader to Device (R2D) bit chips;

[0091] Number of R2D chips;

[0092] Number of R2D symbol chips.

[0093] For example, the interval information is M D2R chips or modulation symbols associated with N bits, such as M D2R bit chips, M D2R chips, or M D2R symbol chips, etc., which will not be listed here.

[0094] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes:

[0095] The first network element determines the definition method of the interval information based on the first information; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0096] Predefined or preconfigured information, wherein the predefined or preconfigured information is used to predefine or preconfigure the definition method of the interval information;

[0097] First indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate the definition method of the interval information;

[0098] The device type of the environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device is related to the definition method of the interval information;

[0099] The second indication information is used to indicate whether forward error correction coding is applied to the first channel;

[0100] The third indication information is used to indicate whether the small frequency shift is applied to the first channel;

[0101] The fourth indication information is used to indicate whether repetition is applied to the first channel.

[0102] For example, the interval information may be defined by the reader through the first indication information and then notified to the A-IoT device, or the interval information may be defined in a predefined or preconfigured manner.

[0103] For example, the definition of interval information is implicitly indicated by the device type of the A-IoT device. For device type 1, the interval information is defined using the number of bits; for device types 2a or 2b, the interval information is defined using time slot information.

[0104] In one implementation, if the second indication information indicates that forward error correction coding is applied to the first channel, the interval information is defined as the number of bits, where the number of bits refers to the number of encoded bits; or, if the second indication information indicates that forward error correction coding is not applied to the first channel, the interval information is defined as the number of bits, where the number of bits refers to the number of information bits.

[0105] It should be noted that the "repetition" mentioned in the fourth instruction information above refers to retransmitting all or part of the data carried by the first channel; for example, repetition applied to the first channel can be understood as: retransmitting all or part of the data carried by the first information; repetition not applied to the first information can be understood as: not retransmitting all or part of the data carried by the first information.

[0106] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, the method further includes:

[0107] Based on the first data volume information, determine the intermediate guide interval information;

[0108] or,

[0109] Predefined or pre-configured intermediate guide interval information;

[0110] or,

[0111] The intermediate guide interval information is determined based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediate guides.

[0112] or,

[0113] Based on the R2D control information, determine the intermediate guide interval information.

[0114] In some embodiments, the first data volume information includes at least one of the following:

[0115] The payload size carried by the first channel;

[0116] The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code;

[0117] The size of the transport block carried by the first channel;

[0118] The amount of information carried by the first channel;

[0119] The length of data carried by the first channel;

[0120] The number of information elements occupied by the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

[0121] In one implementation, determining the intermediate interval information based on the first data volume information includes:

[0122] Based on the first data volume information and the first correspondence relationship, determine the intermediate interval information corresponding to the first data volume information;

[0123] The first correspondence includes:

[0124] The correspondence between the value of the intermediate guide interval information and the value of the first data volume information;

[0125] or,

[0126] The correspondence between the numerical value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the numerical value of the intermediate channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type (message type), message type, command code, format type and function type of the first channel.

[0127] In some embodiments, the first correspondence is configured by the reader or other network device, or determined by a predefined or preconfigured method, without specific limitations herein.

[0128] The correspondence between the value of the intermediate interval information and the value of the first data quantity information can be understood as follows: there is a correspondence between the value of the first data quantity information and the value of at least one intermediate interval; or, the value of the intermediate interval is related to the value of the first data quantity information.

[0129] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, step 101 includes:

[0130] According to the intermediate guide interval information, starting from the end position of the preamble of the first channel, an intermediate guide is inserted in the first channel every intermediate guide interval;

[0131] And / or,

[0132] Insert a mid-channel at the end of the first channel.

[0133] In one implementation, the intermediate guide interval information includes multiple intermediate guide intervals with the same value; for example, the intermediate guides are distributed in the payload of the first channel in a manner that is as uniform as possible, and the position of the last intermediate guide is as far back as possible in the payload of the first channel.

[0134] For example, for a certain value of first data quantity information, all intermediate intervals have the same value, but the last intermediate interval may not be at the end of the first channel.

[0135] In another implementation, the intermediate guide interval information includes multiple intermediate guide intervals, and the values ​​of all intermediate guide intervals except the last intermediate guide interval are the same. For example, for a certain value of first data quantity information, the value of the last intermediate guide interval is different from the values ​​of the other intermediate guide intervals, thereby ensuring that the last intermediate guide interval is located at the end of the first channel.

[0136] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, if the data volume of the last segment of the first channel does not reach the size of the corresponding inter-channel interval, the following scheme is used to determine whether to insert an inter-channel interval at the end of the first channel and / or what format of inter-channel interval to insert, respectively:

[0137] Option 1: Determine whether to insert an intermediate channel at the end of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the first threshold;

[0138] Alternatively, Option 2: Determine the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the second threshold;

[0139] Alternatively, Option 3: Determine whether to insert an intermediate guide at the end position of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the third threshold, and if it is determined that an intermediate guide should be inserted at the end position of the first channel, determine the format of the inserted intermediate guide based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the fourth threshold.

[0140] It should be noted that the last segment of data in the first channel is the data between the end position of the first channel and the target mid-channel, where the target mid-channel is the mid-channel that is closest to the end position of the first channel but is not located at the end position of the first channel.

[0141] Regarding Scheme 1: Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a first threshold, determine whether to insert an intermediate navigator at the end of the first channel, including:

[0142] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the first threshold, an intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0143] or,

[0144] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the first threshold, no intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0145] For Scheme 2: Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the second threshold, determine the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end of the first channel, including:

[0146] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a first-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0147] or,

[0148] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the second threshold, a second-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0149] For example, the middle guide of the first format is a long format middle guide, and the middle guide of the second format is a short format middle guide.

[0150] For Scheme 3: Determine whether to insert an intermediate cipher at the end of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a third threshold. If it is determined that an intermediate cipher should be inserted at the end of the first channel, determine the format of the inserted intermediate cipher based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a fourth threshold, including:

[0151] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the third threshold, no intermediate channel will be inserted at the end of the first channel;

[0152] or,

[0153] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the second format.

[0154] or,

[0155] If the data volume of the last segment is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end position of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the first format.

[0156] In some embodiments, the value of the fourth threshold is greater than the value of the third threshold.

[0157] For example, the middle guide of the first format is a long format middle guide, and the middle guide of the second format is a short format middle guide.

[0158] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold is: the number of bits, the number of symbols, the number of modulation symbols, or the duration;

[0159] Alternatively, at least one of the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold may be a percentage value of the intermediate interval information.

[0160] In some embodiments, the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel includes at least one of the following:

[0161] The payload size carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0162] The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code;

[0163] The size of the transport block carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0164] The amount of information carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0165] The length of the data carried in the last segment of the first channel;

[0166] The number of information elements occupied by the last segment of data in the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

[0167] As an optional embodiment, determining the intermediate interval information based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediates includes:

[0168] The first ratio between the value of the first data quantity information and the value of the intermediate quantity is obtained;

[0169] The first ratio is rounded up to obtain the intermediate guide interval information; or, the first ratio is rounded down to obtain the intermediate guide interval information.

[0170] For example, the intermediate interval = rounded up [first data volume information / number of intermediate intervals]. Using this scheme, if the interval is not divisible, the last intermediate interval will be shorter than the others.

[0171] For example, the intermediate interval = rounded down [first data volume / number of intermediate intervals]. Using this method, if the interval is not divisible, the last intermediate interval will be longer than the others.

[0172] In this embodiment, the first network element inserts a mid-channel in the first channel at every mid-channel interval, starting from the end position of the preamble of the first channel, according to the mid-channel interval information, until the end position of the first channel, and the last mid-channel is placed at the end position of the first channel.

[0173] In some embodiments, the number of intermediate ducts is indicated by the reader to the A-IoT device via signaling, or it is predefined or preconfigured. The intermediate duct interval is calculated by the first network element based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediate ducts.

[0174] In summary, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the first network element inserts at least one intermediate duct into the first channel based on the intermediate duct interval information; thereby enabling the reader or A-IoT device to perform SFO estimation, time-frequency tracking, channel estimation, interference estimation, etc. based on the intermediate duct when receiving the first channel, thus improving the decoding success rate of the first channel.

[0175] To more clearly describe the mid-channel transmission method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure, several examples are given below.

[0176] Example 1

[0177] In A-IoT communication, a preamble is transmitted before the PRDCH or PDRCH to perform SFO estimation, timing acquisition, channel estimation, and interference estimation. When the data transmission carried by the PRDCH or PDRCH is relatively short, such as a payload of no more than 20 bits, the preamble alone can complete SFO estimation and channel estimation. However, when the PRDCH or PDRCH carries a longer data transmission, such as a payload exceeding 96 bits, an intercalary preamble needs to be inserted in the middle of the payload to assist the preamble in completing SFO estimation and channel estimation.

[0178] In this example, the intermediate navigator (ADC) is configured in the first channel for SFO estimation, timing tracking, and channel estimation. The ADC spacing refers to one of the following: the number of OFDM symbols, time slots, bits, bytes, or chips between two adjacent ADCs. The first channel is either PRDCH or PDRCH. The method used to define the ADC spacing (i.e., using one of the following: the number of OFDM symbols, time slots, bits, bytes, or chips) is communicated to the device by the reader via signaling, or it may be predefined or preconfigured. Alternatively, the ADC spacing can be implicitly determined based on the device type; for example, for Device 1, it is defined by the number of bits; for Device 2a / 2b, it is defined by the number of time slots.

[0179] For example, three D2R interpolations are inserted into the PDRCH sent by an A-IoT device. The D2R interpolations are not part of the PDRCH and are 32 bits in length.

[0180] As shown in Figure 2, the D2R information carried by the PDRCH is 216 bits, with a D2R interpolation inserted every 64 bits. Therefore, the interpolation interval is 64 bits.

[0181] As shown in Figure 3, the D2R information carried by the PDRCH is 432 chips, and a D2R interpolation is inserted every 128 chips. Therefore, the interpolation interval is 128 chips.

[0182] As shown in Figure 4, the D2R information carried by the PDRCH is transmitted over 3.4 time slots, with a D2R intermediary inserted every other time slot. Therefore, the intermediary interval is one time slot.

[0183] By employing the method described above for inserting a midpoint interval, A-IoT devices can obtain the midpoint location information and transmit the PDRCH based on this information. The midpoint interval can be defined according to the number of bits, chips, or time slots, improving the flexibility of midpoint interval definition. The midpoint, inserted into the information bits of the PDRCH, can assist the reader in performing SFO estimation and channel estimation, thereby improving the PDRCH decoding success rate.

[0184] Example 2

[0185] The first network element inserts a mid-channel at a predefined position according to a predefined first correspondence. The first correspondence includes: the correspondence between the value of the mid-channel interval information and the value of the first data volume information; or, the correspondence between the value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the value of the mid-channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type, message type, command type, format type, and function type of the first channel.

[0186] Specifically, for a certain first data quantity information value, the value of the last intermediate interval is different from the values ​​of the other intermediate intervals except the last intermediate interval, thereby ensuring that the last intermediate interval is located at the end of the first channel.

[0187] As shown in Table 1, assume three predefined D2R transmission TBSs: TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3. The number of bits corresponding to each TBS is 128, 216, and 304 bits, respectively, which represents the value of the first data volume information. Through Table 1 and Figures 5-7, the correspondence between the first data volume information and the intermediate guidance interval can be predefined; that is, the value of the intermediate guidance interval is related to the value of the first data volume information, and the value of the first data volume information corresponds to the value of at least one intermediate guidance interval. As shown in Table 1 and Figure 5, the first data volume information corresponding to TBS#1 is 128 bits, and the intermediate guidance interval is 64 bits. As shown in Table 1 and Figure 6, the first data volume corresponding to TBS#2 is 216 bits, and the intermediate guidance interval is {72, 72} bits. As shown in Table 1 and Figure 7, the first data volume corresponding to TBS#3 is 304 bits, and the intermediate guidance interval is {64, 64, 64, 48} bits. For TBS#3, the value of the last inter-channel interval (i.e., inter-channel interval #4 is 48 bits) is different from the values ​​of the other inter-channel intervals (i.e., 64 bits), thus ensuring that the last inter-channel interval is located at the end of the first channel (or the end position).

[0188] Table 1 Mapping table between TBS and intermediate zone spacing

[0189] By adopting the aforementioned midpoint position determination scheme, a predefined correspondence between the first data volume information and the midpoint interval is established, with the last midpoint located at the end of the first channel. This allows the device to insert a midpoint at a predetermined position within the first channel according to predefined rules, solving the midpoint position determination problem and enabling A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. The last midpoint being located at the end also facilitates better channel estimation by the reader.

[0190] Example 3

[0191] The first network element inserts a mid-channel at a predefined position according to a predefined first correspondence. The first correspondence includes: the correspondence between the value of the mid-channel interval information and the value of the first data volume information; or, the correspondence between the value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the value of the mid-channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type, message type, command type, format type, and function type of the first channel.

[0192] For all first data quantity information values, all intermediate interval values ​​are the same, but the last intermediate interval may not be located at the end of the first channel.

[0193] As shown in Table 2, assume three predefined D2R transmission TBSs: TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3. The number of bits corresponding to each TBS is 128, 216, and 304 bits, respectively, which represents the value of the first data volume information. Through Table 2 and Figures 8-10, the correspondence between the first data volume information and the intermediate guidance interval can be predefined; that is, the value of the intermediate guidance interval is related to the value of the first data volume information, and the value of the first data volume information corresponds to the value of at least one intermediate guidance interval. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 8, the first data volume information corresponding to TBS#1 is 128 bits, and the intermediate guidance interval is 64 bits. As shown in Table 2 and Figure 9, the first data volume corresponding to TBS#2 is 216 bits, and the intermediate guidance interval is {64, 64} bits. As shown in Table 3 and Figure 10, the first data volume corresponding to TBS#3 is 304 bits, and the intermediate guidance interval is {64, 64, 64} bits. For all first data quantity information values, all intermediate guide intervals are the same, but the last intermediate guide may not be at the end of the first channel, that is: the last intermediate guide of TBS#2 and TBS#3 is not at the end of the first channel.

[0194] Table 2 Mapping Table of TBS and Intermediate Conductor Spacing

[0195] By adopting the aforementioned mid-channel position determination scheme, a predefined correspondence between the first data volume information and the mid-channel interval is established. This allows the device to insert a mid-channel at a predetermined position in the first channel according to predefined rules, solving the mid-channel position determination problem and enabling A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. Since all mid-channel intervals are equal in value, the last mid-channel may not be at the end, which simplifies the design and reduces the implementation complexity of the device.

[0196] Example 4

[0197] The first network element uses the preamble end position as the starting point according to the preamble interval, and inserts a preamble in the first channel every other preamble interval until the end of the first channel.

[0198] If the size of the last segment of the first data volume information does not reach the intermediate interval, the following method is used to determine whether to insert an intermediate interval:

[0199] Define the threshold X for whether to insert an interguide:

[0200] If the number of bits, chips, or duration of the last data segment is greater than or equal to X% of the inter-lead interval, an inter-lead will be inserted after the last data segment.

[0201] Otherwise, a middle guide would not be inserted after the last data segment.

[0202] Assume three predefined D2R transmission TBSs: TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3, with corresponding bit counts of 128, 216, and 304 bits respectively. This bit count represents the value of the first data volume. The interleaving interval is predefined (64 bits) and is independent of the first data volume. As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the interleaving interval for TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3 is the same: 64 bits. As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the last segment of the first data volume is 24 bits and 48 bits respectively, which does not reach the interleaving interval. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether to insert an interleaving interval in these cases. Thus, a threshold X = 50 is defined for inserting an interleaving interval: if the number of bits in the last data segment is greater than or equal to 50% of the interleaving interval, an interleaving interval is inserted; otherwise, it is not inserted. In Figure 11, the last data segment transmits 24 bits, which is less than 50% of the inter-leader interval (i.e., 32 bits). Therefore, an inter-leader will not be inserted after the last data segment. In Figure 12, the last data segment transmits 48 bits, which is 50% of the inter-leader interval (i.e., 32 bits). Therefore, an inter-leader will be inserted after the last data segment.

[0203] By adopting the aforementioned mid-channel position determination scheme, predefined mid-channel intervals and insertion rules are established, along with a threshold X for whether to insert a mid-channel. This allows the device to insert a mid-channel at a predetermined position within the first channel according to the predefined rules and threshold X, solving the mid-channel position determination problem and enabling A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. Since all mid-channel intervals are equal, this simplifies the design and reduces the implementation complexity of the device. Furthermore, the introduction of threshold X also addresses the question of whether a mid-channel needs to be inserted after the last data segment.

[0204] Example 5

[0205] The first network element uses the preamble end position as the starting point according to the preamble interval, and inserts a preamble in the first channel every other preamble interval until the end of the first channel.

[0206] If the last segment of the first data volume information does not reach the median interval, the following method is used to determine the format of the median to be inserted:

[0207] Define the threshold Y for inserting the first or second format intermediate:

[0208] If the number of bits, chips, or duration of the last data segment is greater than or equal to Y% of the inter-lead interval, a first-format inter-lead (such as a long-format inter-lead) will be inserted after the last data segment; the long-format inter-lead is the normal inter-lead.

[0209] Otherwise, a second format guide (such as a short format guide) will be inserted after the last data segment.

[0210] Assume three predefined D2R transmission TBSs: TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3, with corresponding bit counts of 128, 216, and 304 bits respectively. This bit count represents the first data volume information value. The interpolation interval is predefined (64 bits) and is independent of the first data volume information value. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the interpolation intervals for TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3 are all the same 64 bits. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the last segment of the first data volume information has sizes of 24 bits and 48 bits respectively, which does not reach the interpolation interval. Therefore, it is necessary to determine which format of interpolation to insert for these cases. Thus, a threshold Y = 50 is defined for inserting the first format interpolation and the second format interpolation. That is, if the number of bits transmitted in the last segment of data is greater than or equal to 50% of the interpolation interval, a long format interpolation is inserted. The long format interpolation is the normal 32-bit interpolation. Otherwise, a short-format inode is inserted, such as a 16-bit inode. The reason for this approach is that when the last data segment is relatively small, inserting a long-format inode would result in high inode overhead; conversely, not inserting an inode would degrade the channel estimation performance of the last data segment. Therefore, inserting a short-format inode is preferable. In Figure 13, the last data segment transmits 24 bits, which is less than 50% of the inode interval (i.e., 32 bits), so a short-format inode is inserted after the last data segment. In Figure 14, the last data segment transmits 48 bits, reaching 50% of the inode interval (i.e., 32 bits), so a long-format inode is inserted after the last data segment.

[0211] By adopting the aforementioned midpoint position determination scheme, predefined midpoint intervals and insertion rules are established, along with a threshold Y for inserting long or short format midpoints. This allows the device to insert a midpoint at a predetermined position within the first channel according to the predefined rules and threshold Y, solving the midpoint position determination problem and enabling A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. Since all midpoint intervals are equal, this simplifies the design and reduces the implementation complexity of the device. Furthermore, the introduction of the threshold Y resolves the question of which format midpoint to insert after the last data segment.

[0212] Example 6

[0213] The first network element uses the preamble end position as the starting point according to the preamble interval, and inserts a preamble in the first channel every other preamble interval until the end of the first channel.

[0214] If the last segment of the first data volume information does not reach the median interval, the following scheme is used to determine whether to insert a median and what format of median to insert:

[0215] Simultaneously define the threshold X for whether to insert a mid-term and the threshold Y for inserting a first-format mid-term or a second-format mid-term:

[0216] If the number of bits, chips, or duration of the last data segment is greater than or equal to Y% of the intermediate guide interval, a first format intermediate guide (such as a long format intermediate guide) will be inserted after the last data segment.

[0217] Otherwise, if the number of bits, chips, or duration of the last data segment is less than Y% of the inter-lead interval and greater than X% of the inter-lead interval, a second-format inter-lead (such as a short-format inter-lead) will be inserted after the last data segment.

[0218] Otherwise, a middle guide would not be inserted after the last data segment.

[0219] Assume three predefined D2R transmission TBSs: TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3, with corresponding bit counts of 136, 216, and 304 bits respectively. This bit count represents the value of the first data volume. The interpolation interval is predefined (64 bits) and is independent of the first data volume. As shown in Figures 15, 16, and 17, the interpolation interval for TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3 is the same: 64 bits. As shown in Figures 15, 16, and 17, the last segment of the first data volume is 8 bits, 24 bits, and 48 bits respectively, which does not reach the interpolation interval. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether to insert an interpolation and, if so, what format of interpolation to insert. Therefore, a threshold X = 20 is defined for whether to insert an interpolation cipher, and a threshold Y = 50 is defined for inserting a first-format or second-format interpolation cipher. That is: if the number of bits transmitted in the last data segment is greater than or equal to 50% of the interpolation interval, a first-format interpolation cipher (e.g., a long-format interpolation) will be inserted after the last data segment; otherwise, if the number of bits transmitted in the last data segment is less than 50% of the interpolation interval but greater than 20% of the interpolation interval, a second-format interpolation cipher (e.g., a short-format interpolation) will be inserted after the last data segment; otherwise, no interpolation cipher will be inserted after the last data segment. A long-format interpolation cipher is a normal 32-bit interpolation cipher. A short-format interpolation cipher is a 16-bit interpolation cipher. In the case of Figure 15, the number of bits transmitted in the last data segment is 8 bits, which does not reach 20% of the interpolation interval (i.e., 12.8 bits), so no interpolation cipher will be inserted after the last data segment. In the case of Figure 16, the last data segment transmits 24 bits, reaching 20% ​​of the inter-leader interval (i.e., 12.8 bits), but not reaching 50% of the inter-leader interval (i.e., 32 bits). Therefore, a short-format inter-leader is inserted after the last data segment. In the case of Figure 17, the last data segment transmits 48 bits, reaching 50% of the inter-leader interval (i.e., 32 bits). Therefore, a long-format inter-leader is inserted after the last data segment.

[0220] By adopting the aforementioned midpoint position determination scheme, midpoint intervals and insertion rules are predefined, along with a threshold X for whether to insert a midpoint and a threshold Y for inserting a long or short format midpoint. This allows the device to insert a midpoint at a predetermined position in the first channel according to the predefined rules, thresholds X and Y, thus solving the midpoint position determination problem and enabling A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. Since all midpoint interval values ​​are equal, this simplifies the design and reduces the implementation complexity of the device. Furthermore, the introduction of thresholds X and Y resolves the questions of whether a midpoint needs to be inserted after the last data segment and, if so, which format midpoint to insert.

[0221] Example 7

[0222] The first network element obtains the intermediate guide interval information based on the number of intermediate guides, takes the end position of the preamble as the starting point, inserts an intermediate guide in the first channel every intermediate guide interval until the end position of the first channel, and places the last intermediate guide at the end of the first channel.

[0223] The method for calculating the intermediate frequency interval of the first network element is as follows:

[0224] Intermediate interval = rounded up [first data volume / number of intermediate intervals]. Using this method, if the interval is not divisible, the last intermediate interval will be shorter than the others.

[0225] Assume that three types of TBS for D2R transmission are predefined, namely TBS#1, TBS#2 and TBS#3. The number of bits corresponding to these three TBSs are 136, 216 and 304 bits respectively. This number of bits is the value of the first data volume information.

[0226] As shown in Figures 18, 19, and 20, the inter-lead interval for TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3 is the same value of 64 bits. The corresponding bit counts for these three TBSs are 136, 216, and 304 bits, respectively. In the case of Figure 18, the inter-lead interval = rounded up [136 bits / 2 inter-leads] = 68 bits, which is divisible. Therefore, an inter-lead is inserted every 68 bits, and all inter-lead interval values ​​are the same. In the case of Figure 19, the inter-lead interval = rounded up [216 bits / 3 inter-leads] = 72 bits, which is divisible. Therefore, an inter-lead is inserted every 72 bits, and all inter-lead interval values ​​are the same. In the case of Figure 20, the intermediate interval = rounded up [304 bits / 5 intermediate intervals] = 61 bits, which is not divisible. Therefore, the first 3 intermediate intervals are 61 bits, and the last intermediate interval (the 4th intermediate interval) is 60 bits. The last intermediate interval will be shorter than the other intermediate intervals.

[0227] By employing the aforementioned midpoint location determination scheme, the signaling notifies the number of midpoints and predefines the midpoint location calculation rules. The last midpoint interval is shorter than the others, allowing the device to insert a midpoint at the designated position in the first channel according to the predefined rules. This solves the midpoint location determination problem and enables A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. All midpoints are distributed as evenly as possible within the PDRCH payload, with the last midpoint located at the end, which facilitates better channel estimation by the reader.

[0228] Example 8

[0229] The first network element obtains the intermediate guide interval information based on the number of intermediate guides, takes the end position of the preamble as the starting point, inserts an intermediate guide in the first channel every intermediate guide interval until the end position of the first channel, and places the last intermediate guide at the end of the first channel.

[0230] The method for calculating the intermediate frequency interval of the first network element is as follows:

[0231] Intermediate interval = rounded down [first data volume / number of intermediate intervals]. Using this method, if the interval is not divisible, the last intermediate interval will be longer than the others.

[0232] Assume that three types of TBS for D2R transmission are predefined, namely TBS#1, TBS#2 and TBS#3. The number of bits corresponding to these three TBSs are 136, 216 and 304 bits respectively. This number of bits is the value of the first data volume information.

[0233] As shown in Figures 21, 22, and 23, the inter-lead interval for TBS#1, TBS#2, and TBS#3 is the same value of 64 bits. The corresponding bit counts for these three TBSs are 136, 216, and 304 bits, respectively. In the case of Figure 21, the inter-lead interval = rounded down [136 bits / 2 inter-leads] = 68 bits, which is divisible. Therefore, an inter-lead is inserted every 68 bits, and all inter-lead interval values ​​are the same. In the case of Figure 22, the inter-lead interval = rounded down [216 bits / 3 inter-leads] = 72 bits, which is divisible. Therefore, an inter-lead is inserted every 72 bits, and all inter-lead interval values ​​are the same. In the case of Figure 23, the intermediate interval = rounded down [304 bits / 5 intermediate intervals] = 60 bits, which is not divisible. Therefore, the first 3 intermediate intervals are 60 bits, and the last intermediate interval (the 4th intermediate interval) is 64 bits. The last intermediate interval will be longer than the other intermediate intervals.

[0234] By employing the aforementioned midpoint location determination scheme, the signaling notifies the number of midpoints and predefines the midpoint location calculation rules. The last midpoint interval is shorter than the others, allowing the device to insert a midpoint at the designated position in the first channel according to the predefined rules. This solves the midpoint location determination problem and enables A-IoT communication between the A-IoT reader and the device. All midpoints are distributed as evenly as possible within the PDRCH payload, with the last midpoint located at the end, which facilitates better channel estimation by the reader.

[0235] In summary, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the first network element inserts at least one intermediate duct into the first channel based on the intermediate duct interval information; thereby enabling the reader or A-IoT device to perform SFO estimation, time-frequency tracking, channel estimation, interference estimation, etc. based on the intermediate duct when receiving the first channel, thus improving the decoding success rate of the first channel.

[0236] As shown in Figure 24, this embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a first network element, including a memory 2420, a transceiver 2410, and a processor 2400:

[0237] The memory 2420 is used to store computer programs; the transceiver 2410 is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor 2400; the processor 2400 is used to read the computer program in the memory 2420 and perform the following operations:

[0238] Based on the intermediate duct spacing information, at least one intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel; and / or,

[0239] Based on the first data volume information and / or intermediate navigator spacing information, insert an intermediate navigator or not insert an intermediate navigator in the first channel;

[0240] The intermediate navigation interval information includes information on at least one intermediate navigation interval; the first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH, physical device-to-reader channel PDRCH.

[0241] In some embodiments, the information of the at least one intermediate guide interval includes at least one of the following:

[0242] The interval information between adjacent first and second intermediate conductors;

[0243] The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide;

[0244] The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide;

[0245] The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide;

[0246] The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide;

[0247] The interval information between the preamble and the first middle guide;

[0248] The interval information between the end position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element;

[0249] The interval information between the start position of the leader and the end position of the first middle leader;

[0250] The interval information between the start position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element;

[0251] The interval information between the end position of the leading term and the end position of the first intermediate term.

[0252] In some embodiments, the interval information is defined in any of the following ways:

[0253] Number of symbols in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM);

[0254] Number of time slots;

[0255] Number of bits;

[0256] Number of bytes;

[0257] Number of chips;

[0258] Number of device-to-reader D2R bit chips;

[0259] Number of D2R chips;

[0260] Number of D2R symbol chips;

[0261] Reader-to-device R2D bit chip count;

[0262] Number of R2D chips;

[0263] Number of R2D symbol chips.

[0264] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0265] Based on the first information, the definition method of the interval information is determined; wherein, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0266] Predefined or preconfigured information, wherein the predefined or preconfigured information is used to predefine or preconfigure the definition method of the interval information;

[0267] First indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate the definition method of the interval information;

[0268] The device type of the environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device is related to the definition method of the interval information;

[0269] The second indication information is used to indicate whether forward error correction coding is applied to the first channel;

[0270] The third indication information is used to indicate whether the small frequency shift is applied to the first channel;

[0271] The fourth indication information is used to indicate whether repetition is applied to the first channel.

[0272] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0273] Based on the first data volume information, determine the intermediate guide interval information;

[0274] or,

[0275] Predefined or pre-configured intermediate guide interval information;

[0276] or,

[0277] The intermediate guide interval information is determined based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediate guides.

[0278] or,

[0279] Based on the R2D control information, determine the intermediate guide interval information.

[0280] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0281] Based on the first data volume information and the first correspondence relationship, determine the intermediate interval information corresponding to the first data volume information;

[0282] The first correspondence includes:

[0283] The correspondence between the value of the intermediate guide interval information and the value of the first data volume information;

[0284] or,

[0285] The correspondence between the value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the value of the intermediate channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type, message type, command type, format type and function type of the first channel.

[0286] In some embodiments, the first data volume information includes at least one of the following:

[0287] The size of the payload carried by the first channel;

[0288] The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code;

[0289] The size of the transport block carried by the first channel;

[0290] The amount of information carried by the first channel;

[0291] The length of data carried by the first channel;

[0292] The number of information elements occupied by the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

[0293] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0294] According to the intermediate guide interval information, starting from the end position of the preamble of the first channel, an intermediate guide is inserted in the first channel every intermediate guide interval;

[0295] And / or,

[0296] Insert a mid-channel at the end of the first channel.

[0297] In some embodiments, the intermediate-range interval information includes multiple intermediate-range intervals with the same value; or, the intermediate-range intervals, except for the last intermediate-range interval, have the same value among the multiple intermediate-range intervals included in the intermediate-range interval information.

[0298] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform at least one of the following operations:

[0299] If the first data volume is less than the target threshold, no intermediate homing is inserted in the first channel;

[0300] If the first data volume is less than or equal to the target threshold, no intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel;

[0301] If the first data volume exceeds the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel;

[0302] If the first data volume is greater than or equal to the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel.

[0303] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0304] Based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the first threshold, determine whether to insert an intermediate channel at the end of the first channel;

[0305] or,

[0306] Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the second threshold, determine the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end position of the first channel;

[0307] or,

[0308] Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the third threshold, it is determined whether to insert an intermediate guide at the end position of the first channel. If it is determined that an intermediate guide should be inserted at the end position of the first channel, the format of the inserted intermediate guide is determined based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the fourth threshold.

[0309] In some embodiments, the last segment of data in the first channel is: the data between the end position of the first channel and the target center guide, wherein the target center guide is the center guide that is closest to the end position of the first channel but is not located at the end position of the first channel.

[0310] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0311] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the first threshold, an intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0312] or,

[0313] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the first threshold, no intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0314] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0315] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a first-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0316] or,

[0317] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the second threshold, a second-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0318] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0319] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the third threshold, no intermediate channel will be inserted at the end of the first channel;

[0320] or,

[0321] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the second format.

[0322] or,

[0323] If the data volume of the last segment is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end position of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the first format.

[0324] In some embodiments, at least one of the target threshold, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold is: the number of bits, the number of symbols, the number of modulation symbols, or the duration;

[0325] or,

[0326] At least one of the target threshold, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold is a percentage value of the value of the intermediate interval information.

[0327] In some embodiments, the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel includes at least one of the following:

[0328] The payload size carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0329] The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code;

[0330] The size of the transport block carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0331] The amount of information carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0332] The length of the data carried in the last segment of the first channel;

[0333] The number of information elements occupied by the last segment of data in the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

[0334] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform the following operations:

[0335] The first ratio between the value of the first data quantity information and the value of the intermediate quantity is obtained;

[0336] The first ratio is rounded up to obtain the intermediate guide interval information; or, the first ratio is rounded down to obtain the intermediate guide interval information.

[0337] In Figure 24, the bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors (represented by a processor) and memories (represented by memory). The bus architecture can also link various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. The bus interface provides the interface. The transceiver can be multiple components, including a transmitter and a receiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, etc. The processor is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory can store data used by the processor 2400 during operation.

[0338] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The processor can also adopt a multi-core architecture.

[0339] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the first network element inserts at least one intermediate duct in the first channel according to the intermediate duct interval information; thereby enabling the reader or A-IoT device to perform SFO estimation, time-frequency tracking, channel estimation, interference estimation, etc. based on the intermediate duct when receiving the first channel, thereby improving the decoding success rate of the first channel.

[0340] It should be noted that the first network element provided in this embodiment is a network element capable of executing the above-described intermediate transmission method. Therefore, all embodiments of the above-described intermediate transmission method are applicable to this network element and can achieve the same or similar beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0341] This disclosure also provides a processing apparatus, including a processor and an interface. The processor can be used to execute the methods described in the above-described method embodiments.

[0342] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be a chip. For example, the processing device can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), can include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), can be a system-on-a-chip (SoC), can be a central processor unit (CPU), can be a network processor (NP), can be a digital signal processor (DSP), can be a microcontroller unit (MCU), can be a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chip.

[0343] In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software. The steps of the method disclosed in this embodiment can be executed by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software modules can reside in readily available storage media in the art, such as random access registers, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. Since this storage medium is located in memory, the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method; to avoid repetition, these will not be described in detail here.

[0344] It should be noted that the processor in the embodiments of this disclosure can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0345] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this disclosure can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache.

[0346] Based on the same technical concept, this disclosure also provides a mid-path transmission device. This terminal transmission device can realize the functions of the first network element side in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0347] Referring to Figure 25, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate-guided transmission device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 25, the intermediate-guided transmission device 2500 includes:

[0348] The insertion unit 2501 is used to insert at least one intermediate duct in the first channel according to the intermediate duct spacing information;

[0349] And / or,

[0350] Processing unit 2502 is used to insert or not insert an intermediate cipher in the first channel according to the first data volume information and / or intermediate cipher interval information;

[0351] The intermediate navigation interval information includes information on at least one intermediate navigation interval; the first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH, physical device-to-reader channel PDRCH.

[0352] In some embodiments, the information of the at least one intermediate guide interval includes at least one of the following:

[0353] The interval information between adjacent first and second intermediate conductors;

[0354] The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide;

[0355] The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide;

[0356] The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide;

[0357] The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide;

[0358] The interval information between the preamble and the first middle guide;

[0359] The interval information between the end position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element;

[0360] The interval information between the start position of the leader and the end position of the first middle leader;

[0361] The interval information between the start position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element;

[0362] The interval information between the end position of the leading term and the end position of the first intermediate term.

[0363] In some embodiments, the interval information is defined in any of the following ways:

[0364] Number of symbols in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM);

[0365] Number of time slots;

[0366] Number of bits;

[0367] Number of bytes;

[0368] Number of chips;

[0369] Number of device-to-reader D2R bit chips;

[0370] Number of D2R chips;

[0371] Number of D2R symbol chips;

[0372] Reader-to-device R2D bit chip count;

[0373] Number of R2D chips;

[0374] Number of R2D symbol chips.

[0375] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes:

[0376] The first determining unit is configured to determine the definition method of the interval information based on the first information; wherein the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0377] Predefined or preconfigured information, wherein the predefined or preconfigured information is used to predefine or preconfigure the definition method of the interval information;

[0378] First indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate the definition method of the interval information;

[0379] The device type of the environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device is related to the definition method of the interval information;

[0380] The second indication information is used to indicate whether forward error correction coding is applied to the first channel;

[0381] The third indication information is used to indicate whether the small frequency shift is applied to the first channel;

[0382] The fourth indication information is used to indicate whether repetition is applied to the first channel.

[0383] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a second determining unit, the second determining unit being configured to perform any one of the following:

[0384] Based on the first data volume information, determine the intermediate guide interval information;

[0385] Predefined or pre-configured intermediate guide interval information;

[0386] The intermediate guide interval information is determined based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediate guides.

[0387] Based on the R2D control information, determine the intermediate guide interval information.

[0388] In some embodiments, the second determining unit is further configured to:

[0389] Based on the first data volume information and the first correspondence relationship, determine the intermediate interval information corresponding to the first data volume information;

[0390] The first correspondence includes:

[0391] The correspondence between the value of the intermediate guide interval information and the value of the first data volume information;

[0392] or,

[0393] The correspondence between the value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the value of the intermediate channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type, message type, command type, format type and function type of the first channel.

[0394] In some embodiments, the first data volume information includes at least one of the following:

[0395] The size of the payload carried by the first channel;

[0396] The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code;

[0397] The size of the transport block carried by the first channel;

[0398] The amount of information carried by the first channel;

[0399] The length of data carried by the first channel;

[0400] The number of information elements occupied by the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

[0401] In some embodiments, the insertion unit includes:

[0402] The first insertion subunit is configured to insert a mid-channel in the first channel, starting from the end position of the preamble of the first channel, at every mid-channel interval, according to the mid-channel interval information.

[0403] And / or,

[0404] The second insertion subunit is used to insert a mid-channel at the end position of the first channel.

[0405] In some embodiments, the intermediate-range interval information includes multiple intermediate-range intervals with the same value; or, the intermediate-range intervals, except for the last intermediate-range interval, have the same value among the multiple intermediate-range intervals included in the intermediate-range interval information.

[0406] In some embodiments, the processing unit is further configured to:

[0407] If the first data volume is less than the target threshold, no intermediate homing is inserted in the first channel;

[0408] If the first data volume is less than or equal to the target threshold, no intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel;

[0409] If the first data volume exceeds the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel;

[0410] If the first data volume is greater than or equal to the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel.

[0411] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes:

[0412] The third determining unit is used to determine whether to insert an intermediate channel at the end position of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a first threshold.

[0413] or,

[0414] The fourth determining unit is used to determine the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end position of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the second threshold.

[0415] or,

[0416] The fifth determining unit is used to determine whether to insert an intermediate guide at the end position of the first channel based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and a third threshold, and if it is determined that an intermediate guide should be inserted at the end position of the first channel, to determine the format of the inserted intermediate guide based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and a fourth threshold.

[0417] In some embodiments, the last segment of data in the first channel is: the data between the end position of the first channel and the target center guide, wherein the target center guide is the center guide that is closest to the end position of the first channel but is not located at the end position of the first channel.

[0418] In some embodiments, the third determining unit is further configured to:

[0419] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the first threshold, an intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0420] or,

[0421] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the first threshold, no intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0422] In some embodiments, the fourth determining unit is further configured to:

[0423] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a first-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0424] or,

[0425] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the second threshold, a second-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

[0426] In some embodiments, the fifth determining unit is further configured to:

[0427] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the third threshold, no intermediate channel will be inserted at the end of the first channel;

[0428] or,

[0429] If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the second format.

[0430] or,

[0431] If the data volume of the last segment is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end position of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the first format.

[0432] In some embodiments, at least one of the target threshold, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold is: the number of bits, the number of symbols, the number of modulation symbols, or the duration;

[0433] or,

[0434] At least one of the target threshold, the first threshold, the second threshold, the third threshold, and the fourth threshold is a percentage value of the intermediate interval information.

[0435] In some embodiments, the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel includes at least one of the following:

[0436] The payload size carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0437] The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code;

[0438] The size of the transport block carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0439] The amount of information carried by the last segment of data in the first channel;

[0440] The length of the data carried in the last segment of the first channel;

[0441] The number of information elements occupied by the last segment of data in the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

[0442] In some embodiments, the second determining unit is further configured to:

[0443] The first ratio between the value of the first data quantity information and the value of the intermediate quantity is obtained;

[0444] The first ratio is rounded up to obtain the intermediate guide interval information; or, the first ratio is rounded down to obtain the intermediate guide interval information.

[0445] It should be noted that the above-mentioned intermediate transmission device provided in this embodiment can implement all the method steps implemented in the above method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. Here, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be described in detail.

[0446] It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiments of this disclosure is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units.

[0447] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a processor-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to related technologies, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0448] Based on the same concept, this disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0449] The storage medium can be any available medium that the processor can access. For example, but not limited to, computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical storage (e.g., optical discs such as compact discs (CD), digital video discs (DVD), Blu-ray discs (BD), high-definition versatile discs (HVD), etc.), magnetic disk storage media, or other magnetic storage devices (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic optical discs (MO), or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer).

[0450] Based on the same concept, this disclosure also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0451] Based on the same concept, this disclosure also provides a chip including a processor coupled to a memory for executing a computer program or instructions stored in the memory, such that when the processor executes the computer program or instructions, the method provided in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0452] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure can be volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes various forms such as: static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0453] As shown in Figure 26, this embodiment of the present disclosure provides a chip system 2600. The chip system 2600 (or processing system) includes logic circuitry 2610 and an input / output interface 2620. The logic circuitry 2610 can be the processing circuitry within the chip system 2600. The logic circuitry 2610 can be coupled to a memory unit, calling instructions from the memory unit, enabling the chip system 2600 to implement the methods and functions of the embodiments of this disclosure. The input / output interface 2620 can be the input / output circuitry within the chip system 2600, outputting processed information or inputting data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system 2600 for processing.

[0454] As one approach, the chip system 2600 is used to implement the operations in the various method embodiments described above. For example, the logic circuit 2610 is used to implement the relevant operations performed by the first network element in the method embodiments described above, such as the relevant operations performed by the first network element in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 23; the input / output interface 2620 is used to implement the transmission and / or reception related operations of the first network element in the method embodiments described above, such as the transmission and / or reception related operations performed by the first network element in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 23.

[0455] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this disclosure can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this disclosure can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this disclosure can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0456] This disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-executable instructions. These computer-executable instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0457] These processor-executable instructions may also be stored in a processor-readable memory that can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the processor-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0458] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this disclosure without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this disclosure and their equivalents, this disclosure is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A mid-course transmission method, the method comprising: The first network element inserts at least one intermediate homing in the first channel according to the intermediate homing interval information; And / or, The first network element inserts or does not insert a mid-channel in the first channel based on the first data volume information and / or the mid-channel spacing information. The first network element includes at least one of the following: a reader, a base station, a terminal, an intermediate node, and an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device; the first channel includes one or more of the following: a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) and a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH). The intermediate guide interval information includes at least one or more of the following: The interval information between adjacent first and second intermediate conductors; The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the preamble and the first introductory guide; The interval information between the end position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element; The interval information between the start position of the leader and the end position of the first middle leader; The interval information between the start position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element; The interval information between the end position of the leading term and the end position of the first intermediate term.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The interval information is defined in any of the following ways: Number of symbols in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM); Number of time slots; Number of bits; Number of bytes; Number of chips; Number of device-to-reader D2R bit chips; Number of D2R chips; Number of D2R symbol chips; Reader-to-device R2D bit chip count; Number of R2D chips; Number of R2D symbol chips.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The method further includes: The first network element determines the definition method of the interval information based on the first information; The first information includes at least one of the following: Predefined or preconfigured information, wherein the predefined or preconfigured information is used to predefine or preconfigure the definition method of the interval information; First indication information, the first indication information is used to indicate the definition method of the interval information; The device type of the environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device is related to the definition method of the interval information; The second indication information is used to indicate whether forward error correction coding is applied to the first channel; The third indication information is used to indicate whether the small frequency shift is applied to the first channel; The fourth indication information is used to indicate whether repetition is applied to the first channel.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the first data volume information, determine the intermediate guide interval information; or, Predefined or pre-configured intermediate guide interval information; or, The intermediate guide interval information is determined based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediate guides. or, Based on the R2D control information, determine the intermediate guide interval information.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, Based on the first data volume information, the intermediate interval information is determined, including: Based on the first data volume information and the first correspondence relationship, determine the intermediate interval information corresponding to the first data volume information; The first correspondence includes: The correspondence between the value of the intermediate guide interval information and the value of the first data volume information; or, The correspondence between the value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the value of the intermediate channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type, message type, command type, format type and function type of the first channel.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first data volume information includes at least one of the following: The size of the payload carried by the first channel; The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code; The size of the transport block carried by the first channel; The amount of information carried by the first channel; The length of data carried by the first channel; The number of information elements occupied by the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first network element inserts at least one intermediate duct into the first channel according to the intermediate duct spacing information, including: According to the intermediate guide interval information, starting from the end position of the preamble of the first channel, an intermediate guide is inserted in the first channel every intermediate guide interval; And / or, Insert a mid-channel at the end of the first channel.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, The intermediate-range information includes multiple intermediate-range intervals with the same value; or, the intermediate-range intervals, except for the last intermediate-range interval, have the same value among the multiple intermediate-range intervals included in the intermediate-range information.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first network element inserts or does not insert a cipher in the first channel based on the first data volume information and / or the cipher interval information, including at least one of the following: If the first data volume is less than the target threshold, no intermediate homing is inserted in the first channel; If the first data volume is less than or equal to the target threshold, no intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel; If the first data volume exceeds the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel; If the first data volume is greater than or equal to the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the first threshold, determine whether to insert an intermediate channel at the end of the first channel; or, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the second threshold, determine the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end position of the first channel; or, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the third threshold, it is determined whether to insert an intermediate guide at the end position of the first channel. If it is determined that an intermediate guide should be inserted at the end position of the first channel, the format of the inserted intermediate guide is determined based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the fourth threshold.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, The last segment of data in the first channel is the data between the end position of the first channel and the target mid-channel, wherein the target mid-channel is the mid-channel that is closest to the end position of the first channel but is not located at the end position of the first channel.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a first threshold, determine whether to insert an intermediate channel at the end of the first channel, including: If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the first threshold, an intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel. or, If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the first threshold, no intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a second threshold, the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end position of the first channel is determined, including: If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a first-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel. or, If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the second threshold, a second-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a third threshold, it is determined whether to insert an intermediate guide at the end position of the first channel. If it is determined that an intermediate guide should be inserted at the end position of the first channel, the format of the inserted intermediate guide is determined based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and a fourth threshold, including: If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the third threshold, no intermediate channel will be inserted at the end of the first channel; or, If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the second format. or, If the data volume of the last segment is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end position of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the first format.

15. The method of claim 4, wherein, The step of determining the intermediate interval information based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediates includes: The first ratio between the value of the first data quantity information and the value of the intermediate quantity is obtained; The first ratio is rounded up to obtain the intermediate guide interval information; or, the first ratio is rounded down to obtain the intermediate guide interval information.

16. A first network element, the first network element comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor: A memory for storing computer programs; a transceiver for sending and receiving data under the control of the processor; and a processor for reading the computer programs from the memory and performing the following operations: Based on the intermediate duct spacing information, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel; And / or, Based on the first data volume information and / or intermediate navigator spacing information, insert an intermediate navigator or not insert an intermediate navigator in the first channel; wherein The first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, and A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one or more of the following: physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH and physical device-to-reader channel PDRCH. The intermediate guide interval information includes at least one or more of the following: The interval information between adjacent first and second intermediate conductors; The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the start position of the first intermediate guide and the start position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the end position of the first intermediate guide and the end position of the second intermediate guide; The interval information between the preamble and the first introductory guide; The interval information between the end position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element; The interval information between the start position of the leader and the end position of the first middle leader; The interval information between the start position of the leading element and the start position of the first intermediate element; The interval information between the end position of the leading term and the end position of the first intermediate term.

17. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The interval information is defined in any of the following ways: Number of symbols in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM); Number of time slots; Number of bits; Number of bytes; Number of chips; Number of device-to-reader D2R bit chips; Number of D2R chips; Number of D2R symbol chips; Reader-to-device R2D bit chip count; Number of R2D chips; Number of R2D symbol chips.

18. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: Based on the first data volume information, determine the intermediate guide interval information; or, Predefined or pre-configured intermediate guide interval information; or, The intermediate guide interval information is determined based on the first data volume information and the number of intermediate guides. or, Based on the R2D control information, determine the intermediate guide interval information.

19. The network element of claim 18, wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: Based on the first data volume information and the first correspondence relationship, determine the intermediate interval information corresponding to the first data volume information; The first correspondence includes: The correspondence between the value of the intermediate guide interval information and the value of the first data volume information; or, The correspondence between the value of the first data volume information and the first type, and the correspondence between the value of the intermediate channel interval information and the first type; wherein, the first type includes any one of the information type, message type, command type, format type and function type of the first channel.

20. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The first data volume information includes at least one of the following: The size of the payload carried by the first channel; The number of bits used by the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code; The size of the transport block carried by the first channel; The amount of information carried by the first channel; The length of data carried by the first channel; The number of information elements occupied by the first channel, wherein the information elements include at least one of bits, bytes, chips, and modulation symbols.

21. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: According to the intermediate guide interval information, starting from the end position of the preamble of the first channel, an intermediate guide is inserted in the first channel every intermediate guide interval; And / or, Insert a mid-channel at the end of the first channel.

22. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The intermediate-range information includes multiple intermediate-range intervals with the same value; or, the intermediate-range intervals, except for the last intermediate-range interval, have the same value among the multiple intermediate-range intervals included in the intermediate-range information.

23. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The processor is also configured to read a computer program from the memory and perform at least one of the following operations: If the first data volume is less than the target threshold, no intermediate homing is inserted in the first channel; If the first data volume is less than or equal to the target threshold, no intermediate duct is inserted in the first channel; If the first data volume exceeds the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel; If the first data volume is greater than or equal to the target threshold, at least one intermediate duct is inserted into the first channel.

24. The network element of claim 16, wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: Based on the data volume of the last segment of the first channel and the first threshold, determine whether to insert an intermediate channel at the end of the first channel; or, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the second threshold, determine the format of the intermediate channel inserted at the end position of the first channel; or, Based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the third threshold, it is determined whether to insert an intermediate guide at the end position of the first channel. If it is determined that an intermediate guide should be inserted at the end position of the first channel, the format of the inserted intermediate guide is determined based on the data volume of the last segment of data in the first channel and the fourth threshold.

25. The network element of claim 24, wherein, The last segment of data in the first channel is the data between the end position of the first channel and the target mid-channel, wherein the target mid-channel is the mid-channel that is closest to the end position of the first channel but is not located at the end position of the first channel.

26. The network element of claim 24, wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the first threshold, an intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel. or, If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the first threshold, no intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

27. The network element of claim 24 wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a first-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel. or, If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the second threshold, a second-format intermediate channel is inserted at the end of the first channel.

28. The network element of claim 24 wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is less than the third threshold, no intermediate channel will be inserted at the end of the first channel; or, If the amount of data in the last segment of the first channel is greater than or equal to the third threshold and less than the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the second format. or, If the data volume of the last segment is greater than or equal to the fourth threshold, an intermediate guide is inserted at the end position of the first channel, and the format of the intermediate guide is the first format.

29. The network element of claim 18, wherein, The processor is also configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: The first ratio between the value of the first data quantity information and the value of the intermediate quantity is obtained; The first ratio is rounded up to obtain the intermediate guide interval information; or, the first ratio is rounded down to obtain the intermediate guide interval information.

30. A mid-band transmission device, applied to a first network element, comprising: An insertion unit is used to insert at least one intermediate duct in the first channel according to the intermediate duct spacing information; And / or, The processing unit is configured to insert or not insert an intermediate cipher in the first channel based on the first data volume information and / or intermediate cipher interval information. The intermediate navigation interval information includes information on at least one intermediate navigation interval; the first network element includes at least one of the following: reader, base station, terminal, intermediate node, A-IoT device; the first channel includes at least one of the following: physical reader-to-device channel PRDCH, physical device-to-reader channel PDRCH.

31. A processor-readable storage medium, wherein, The processor-readable storage medium stores a program for causing the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

Images