Ambient internet of things random access response design
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/086202
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images

Figure CN2026086202_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS RANDOM ACCESS RESPONSE DESIGNCross-Reference to Related Application (s)
[0001] This application claims benefit of and priority to International Patent Cooperation Treaty Application No. PCT / CN2025 / 085250, filed March 27, 2025, which is hereby assigned to the assignee hereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Field of the Disclosure
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to designs for a random access response message format. Description of Related Art
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0004] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0005] One aspect provides a method for wireless communication at a first wireless node. The method includes outputting a first message to a second wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure; obtaining, after outputting the first message, a second message from the second wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the first wireless node and one or more other devices; and outputting a third message to the second wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure.
[0006] Another aspect provides a method for wireless communication at a second wireless node. The method includes obtaining a first message from a first wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure; outputting, after obtaining the first message, a second message to the first wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the first wireless node and one or more other devices; and obtaining a third message from the first wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure.
[0007] Other aspects provide: an apparatus operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any one or more of the aforementioned methods and / or those described elsewhere herein; a non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed (e.g., directly, indirectly, after pre-processing, without pre-processing) by one or more processors of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; a computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein; and / or an apparatus comprising means for performing the aforementioned methods as well as those described elsewhere herein. By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks.
[0008] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0009] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0010] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0011] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0012] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment.
[0013] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0014] FIG. 5 illustrates an example radio frequency identification (RFID) system.
[0015] FIG. 6 depicts an example reader and ambient internet of things (AIoT) device.
[0016] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B depict example topologies for AIoT communication.
[0017] FIG. 8 depicts an example call flow diagram for an AIoT inventory procedure.
[0018] FIG. 9 depicts an example call flow diagram for an example AIoT 3-step random access procedure.
[0019] FIG. 10 depicts an example call flow diagram for an example 2-step AIoT random access procedure.
[0020] FIG. 11 depicts an example call flow diagram for a random access procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 12 depicts example medium access control (MAC) control elements (CEs) , in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 13 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 14 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIGs. 15A and 15B depict example medium access control (MAC) control elements (CEs) , in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 16 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 17 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 18 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 19 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 20 depicts an example MAC protocol data unit (PDU) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 21 depicts an example physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) format, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 22 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0032] FIG. 23 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0033] FIG. 24 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to designs for a random access response message format. For example, aspects of the present disclosure provide designs for random access response message (Msg2) formats for ambient Internet-of-Things (AIoT) random access channel procedures.
[0035] The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of AIoT systems, which use low-power, low-complexity devices to monitor and manage various environments. These devices, typically operating with minimal power in the range of microwatts (μW) , are essential for applications like efficient inventory management and command in large-scale deployments.
[0036] In some AIoT systems, a reader device may perform an inventory procedure to discover and trigger all or a subset of AIoT devices to perform an AIoT random access procedure. AIoT devices that receive an inventory trigger message may respond and participate in an AIoT random access procedure. In some cases, after an initial (R2D) trigger message from a reader, an AIoT device may send an AIoT Msg1 to the Reader with an ID.
[0037] The Reader may respond with an AIoT random access response message, referred to as Msg2. In some cases, in the AIoT Msg2, the Reader may echo the ID received in Msg1. In some cases, the Msg2 may indicate a Msg3 transmission resource. After receiving AIoT Msg2 (e.g., with an ID that matches the ID it provided in Msg1) , the AIoT device may send a subsequent message, referred to as Msg3. In some cases, Msg3 may include a device ID and / or any other upper layer data (e.g., depending on upper layer request (s) ) .
[0038] In AIoT systems, there are often a relatively large number of AIoT devices deployed. Aspects of the present disclosure provide mechanisms that may help support multiplexing information for multiple AIoT devices in a single Msg2 (corresponding to multiple A-IoT Msg1s received from those devices) . Various flexible design options are provided herein, to efficiently convey resource allocation information to multiple AIoT devices in a single Msg2. In some aspects, various Msg2 format options described herein may be selectively used based on deployment configuration, system capability, or transport block size constraints. Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0039] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and / or 5G wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0040] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0041] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 includes terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects, such as satellite 140 and aircraft 145, which may include network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and user equipments.
[0042] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 and 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links.
[0043] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104, which may more generally include: a cellular phone, smart phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, laptop, personal digital assistant (PDA) , satellite radio, global positioning system, multimedia device, video device, digital audio player, camera, game console, tablet, smart device, wearable device, vehicle, electric meter, gas pump, large or small kitchen appliance, healthcare device, implant, sensor / actuator, display, internet of things (IoT) devices, always on (AON) devices, edge processing devices, or other similar devices. UEs 104 may also be referred to more generally as a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0044] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. The communications links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0045] BSs 102 may generally include: a NodeB, enhanced NodeB (eNB) , next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, transmission reception point, and / or others. Each of BSs 102 may provide communications coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap in some cases (e.g., small cell 102’ may have a coverage area 110’ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (relatively smaller geographic area (e.g., a home) ) , and / or other types of cells.
[0046] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , one or more radio units (RUs) , a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. More generally, a base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as a disaggregated radio access network architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0047] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) )may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0048] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24, 250 MHz –71,000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24, 250 MHz –52, 600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52, 600 MHz –71,000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0049] The communications links 120 between BSs 102 and, for example, UEs 104, may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, and / or other MHz) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0050] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming 182 with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182’ . UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182” . UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182” . BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182’ . BS 180 and UE 104 may then perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0051] Wireless communications network 100 further includes a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0052] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0053] EPC 160 may include various functional components, including: a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172, such as in the depicted example. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0054] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0055] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0056] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, including: an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0057] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0058] Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197, and which provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0059] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0060] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0061] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communications interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0062] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0063] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0064] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0065] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0066] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0067] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0068] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0069] Generally, BS 102 includes various processors (e.g., 320, 330, 338, and 340) , antennas 334a-t (collectively 334) , transceivers 332a-t (collectively 332) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., data sink 339) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0070] Generally, UE 104 includes various processors (e.g., 358, 364, 366, and 380) , antennas 352a-r (collectively 352) , transceivers 354a-r (collectively 354) , which include modulators and demodulators, and other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications.
[0071] In regards to an example downlink transmission, BS 102 includes a transmit processor 320 that may receive data from a data source 312 and control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0072] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0073] Transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the modulators (MODs) in transceivers 332a-332t. Each modulator in transceivers 332a-332t may process a respective output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the modulators in transceivers 332a-332t may be transmitted via the antennas 334a-334t, respectively.
[0074] In order to receive the downlink transmission, UE 104 includes antennas 352a-352r that may receive the downlink signals from the BS 102 and may provide received signals to the demodulators (DEMODs) in transceivers 354a-354r, respectively. Each demodulator in transceivers 354a-354r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0075] MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators in transceivers 354a-354r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0076] In regards to an example uplink transmission, UE 104 further includes a transmit processor 364 that may receive and process data (e.g., for the PUSCH) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for the sounding reference signal (SRS) ) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by the modulators in transceivers 354a-354r (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0077] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antennas 334a-t, processed by the demodulators in transceivers 332a-332t, detected by a MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 339 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0078] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0079] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0080] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0081] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting and receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0082] In some aspects, one or more processors may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0083] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0084] In particular, FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0085] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0086] A wireless communications frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL. Wireless communications frame structures may also be time division duplex (TDD) , in which, for a particular set of subcarriers, subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL.
[0087] In FIG. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is TDD where D is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL / UL. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot format. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0088] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe is based on a slot configuration and a numerology. For example, for slot configuration 0, different numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 6. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=6 has a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0089] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0090] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE.The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0091] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0092] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0093] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0094] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0095] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0096] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI. Example RACH Procedures
[0097] A random-access channel (RACH) is so named because it refers to a wireless channel (medium) that may be shared by multiple UEs and used by the UEs to (randomly) access the network for communications. For example, the RACH may be used for call setup and to access the network for data transmissions. In some cases, RACH may be used for initial access to a network when the UE switches from a radio resource control (RRC) connected idle mode to active mode, or when handing over in RRC connected mode. Moreover, RACH may be used for downlink (DL) and / or uplink (UL) data arrival when the UE is in RRC idle or RRC inactive modes, and when reestablishing a connection with the network.
[0098] In an example four-step RACH procedure, a first message (MSG1) may be sent from the UE to a network entity (e.g., a BS such as a gNB) on the physical random access channel (PRACH) . In this case, MSG1 may only include a RACH preamble. The network entity may respond with a random access response (RAR) message (MSG2) which may include the identifier (ID) of the RACH preamble, a timing advance (TA) , an uplink grant, cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI) , and a back off indicator. MSG2 may include a PDCCH communication including control information for a following communication on the PDSCH, as illustrated. In response to MSG2, MSG3 is transmitted from the UE to the network entity on the PUSCH. MSG3 may include one or more of a RRC connection request, a tracking area update request, a system information request, a positioning fix or positioning signal request, or a scheduling request. The network entity then responds with MSG 4 which may include a contention resolution message.
[0099] In some cases, to speed access, a two-step RACH procedure may be supported. As the name implies, the two-step RACH procedure may effectively "collapse" the four messages of the four-step RACH procedure into two messages. For example, MSG1 and MSG3 may be combined in a single MSGA, while MSG2 and MSG4 may be combined in a single MSGB. Introduction to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems
[0100] Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a rapidly growing technology impacting many industries due to its economic potential for inventory / asset management within warehouses, internet of things (IoT) , sustainable sensor networks in factories and / or agriculture, and smart homes, to name a few example applications. RFID technology consists of RFID devices (or backscatter devices) , such as transponders, or tags, that emit an information-bearing signal upon receiving an energizing signal.
[0101] RFID devices may be operated without a battery. Generally, RFID devices that are operated without a battery are known as passive RFID devices. Passive RFID devices may operate by harvesting energy from received radio frequency signals (e.g., “over the air” ) , thereby powering reception and transmission circuitry within the RFID devices. This harvested energy allows passive RFID devices to transmit information, sometimes referred to as backscatter modulated information, without the need for a local power source within the RFID device. On the other hand, in certain aspects, RFID device may be semi-passive and include on-board energy storage to supplement their ability to harvest energy from received signals (however, at higher cost) .
[0102] In some cases, in addition to harvesting power from RF sources, energy harvesting devices may accumulate energy from other direct energy sources, such as solar energy, in order to supplement its power demands. Semi-passive energy harvesting devices may, in some cases, include power consuming RF components, such as analog to digital converters (ADCs) , mixers, and oscillators.
[0103] The RFID device may be a type of user equipment (UE) that provides low-cost and low-power solutions for many applications in a wireless communications system. The RFID device may be power efficient, sometimes requiring less than 0.1mW of power to operate. Further, relatively simple architectures and, in some cases, lack of battery, mean that the RFID device can be small, lightweight, and easily installed or integrated in many types of environments or host devices. The RFID device provides practical and necessary solutions to many networking applications that require, low-cost, small footprint, durable, maintenance-free, and long lifespan communications devices. For example, the RFID device may be configured as long endurance industrial sensors, which mitigates the problems of replacing batteries in and around dangerous machinery.
[0104] FIG. 5 illustrates an example RFID system 500. As shown, RFID system 500 includes a reader 510 and an RFID tag 550. Reader 510 may also be referred to as an interrogator or a scanner. RFID tag 550 may also be referred to as an interrogator, RFID label, or an electronics label. In certain aspects, reader 510 is a network entity (e.g., such as a gNB) and RFID tag 550 is a user equipment (UE) .
[0105] Reader 510 includes an antenna 520 and an electronics unit 530. Antenna 520 radiates signals transmitted by reader 510 and receives signals from RFID tags and / or other devices. Electronics unit 530 may include a transmitter and a receiver for reading RFID tags such as RFID tag 550. The same pair of transmitter and receiver (or another pair of transmitter and receiver) may support bi-directional communication with wireless networks, wireless devices, etc. Electronics unit 530 may include processing circuitry (e.g., a processor) to perform processing for data being transmitted and received by the RFID reader 510.
[0106] RFID tag 550 includes an antenna 560 and a data storage element 570. Antenna 560 radiates signals transmitted by RFID tag 550 and receives signals from RFID reader 510 and / or other devices. Data storage element 570 stores information for RFID tag 550, for example, in an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or another type of memory. RFID tag 550 may also include an electronics unit that can process the received signal and generate the signals to be transmitted.
[0107] RFID tag 550 may be a passive RFID tag having no battery. In this case, induction may be used to power the RFID tag 550. For example, in some cases, a magnetic field from a signal transmitted by reader 510 may induce an electrical current in RFID tag 550, which may then operate based on the induced current. RFID tag 550 can radiate its signal in response to receiving a signal from RFID reader 510 or some other device. In certain other aspects, RFID tag 550 may optionally include an energy storage device 590, such as a battery, capacitor, etc., for storing energy harvested using energy harvesting circuitry 555, as described below.
[0108] RFID tag 550 may be read by placing the reader 510 within close proximity to RFID tag 550. Reader 510 may radiate a first signal 525 via the antenna 520. In some cases, the first signal 525 may be known as an interrogation signal or energy signal. In some cases, energy of the first signal 525 may be coupled from reader antenna 520 to RFID tag antenna 560 via magnetic coupling and / or other phenomena. In other words, the RFID tag 550 may receive the first signal 525 from reader 510 via antenna 560 and energy of the first signal 525 may be harvested using energy harvesting circuitry 555 (e.g., an RF transducer) and used to power RFID tag 550. For example, energy of the first signal 525 received by RFID tag 550 may be used to power a microprocessor 545 of RFID tag 550. Microprocessor 545 may, in turn, retrieve information stored in a data storage element 570 of RFID tag 550 and transmit the retrieved information via a second signal 535 using the antenna 560. For example, in some cases, microprocessor 545 may generate the second signal 535 by modulating a baseband signal (e.g., generated using energy of the first signal 525) with the information retrieved from the data storage element 570. In some cases, this second signal 535 may be known as a backscatter modulated information signal. Thereafter, as noted, microprocessor 545 transmits the second signal 535 to reader 510. Reader 510 may receive the second signal 535 from RFID tag 550 via antenna 520 and may process (e.g., demodulate) the received signal to obtain the information of data storage element 570 sent in second signal 535.
[0109] RFID system 500 may be designed to operate at 13.56 MHz or some other frequency (e.g., an ultra-high frequency (UHF) band at 900 MHz) . Reader 510 may have a specified maximum transmit power level, which may be imposed by the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) in the United Stated or other regulatory bodies in other countries. The specified maximum transmit power level of reader 510 may limit the distance at which RFID tag 550 can be read by reader 510.
[0110] Wireless technology is increasingly useful in industrial applications, such as ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and machine type communication (MTC) . In such domains, and others, it is desirable to support devices (e.g., passive RFID tags) that are capable of harvesting energy from wireless energy sources (e.g., in lieu of or in combination with a battery or other energy storage device, such as a capacitor) , such as RF signals, thermal energy, solar energy, and the like. Introduction to Ambient Internet of Things (IoT) Devices
[0111] An ambient internet of things (AIoT) device (or tag) refers to a device that is typically much smaller and cheaper compared to previous generations of IoT devices, such as narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) and reduced capability (RedCap) devices. Ambient IoT devices may obtain energy from radio waves.
[0112] There are various types of AIoT devices with different characteristics. For example, a first type has a ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X parts per million (ppm) , and neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. UL transmission from this type of device is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. A second type of AIoT device has a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, an initial SFO up to 10X ppm, with both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. UL transmission from this type of device may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0113] Due to their size and ability to operate with little or no power source, AIoT device may have broad applicability in tracking, monitoring, and managing various devices and processes, with consumer and industrial uses.
[0114] FIG. 6 depicts an example system 600 (e.g., an AIoT system) that utilizes a network entity (e.g., a gNodeB (gNB) ) or UE as a reader 610 to communicate with an AIoT device 650. Such AIoT devices may be used to monitor a variety of devices and processes. For example, the AIoT devices may be used to report sensor measurements, video signals / images, light readings, and control devices (e.g., as actuators) .
[0115] Typical networks may not be able to efficiently support the most pervasive radio frequency identification (RFID) type of sensors, implemented as passive IoT devices. Such devices may be used extensively in future use cases, such as asset management, logistics, warehousing and manufacturing. Certain systems may be required to manage AIoT devices.
[0116] As illustrated in FIG. 6, the reader device 610 may be able to read information stored on one or more AIoT devices and / or write information to the one or more AIoT devices. The gNB can provide energy to the one or more AIoT devices (e.g., via a continuous wave (CW) signal) on a reader to device (R2D) link. An information-bearing signal may be reflected back (e.g., backscattered) on a device to reader (D2R) link from the one or more AIoT devices to the gNB. The gNB may read the reflected signal (e.g., a backscattered signal) from the one or more AIoT devices to decode information (e.g., a bit sequence of 0s and 1s) transmitted by the one or more AIoT devices.
[0117] The AIoT devices may support various types of traffic. For example, AIoT devices may support Device-Originated (DO) traffic, including Device-Originated autonomous (DO-DOA) and Device-Terminated triggered (DO-DTT) traffic, which may be reported periodically.
[0118] The AIoT system is associated with different topologies such as a first topology, a second topology, a third topology with downlink assistance, and a third topology with uplink assistance. In all of these topologies, an AIoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node (s) either inside or outside the topology. One or more links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
[0119] FIG. 7A depicts a first gNB-based reader topology (Topology 1) , where a gNB 102 acts a reader (gNB 710) of an AIoT device 750. In this case, the AIoT device 750 may communicate directly and bidirectionally with the base station (gNB 710) . The communication between the base station and the AIoT device may include AIoT data and / or other signaling.
[0120] FIG. 7B depicts a second UE-based reader topology (Topology 2) , where the AIoT device 750 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 755 between the AIoT device 750 and base station (gNB 102) . In this case, the intermediate node 755 may be an UE which is capable of AIoT communications. The intermediate node 755 may transfer AIoT data and / or signaling between the base station (gNB 102) and the AIoT device 750. Example AIoT Random Access Procedures
[0121] Aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for determining and assigning local IDs to AIoT devices for use in communications between the AIoT device and a Reader device.
[0122] The mechanisms proposed herein may be used to derive, assign, and use AIoT devices in various types of procedures. Examples of such procedures include inventory procedures, command procedures, and AIoT random access procedures.
[0123] FIG. 8 depicts an example call flow diagram 800 for an example AIoT inventory procedure and an example AIoT command procedure. In this context, the term inventory (or inventory procedure) generally refers to a procedure for determining the identity of all or a subset of AIoT Devices 850 in the range of Reader (s) 810. IDs derived using the techniques proposed herein may be used in the illustrated procedures, for example, for the AIoT access and / or AIoT data reporting shown. AIoT access may involve, for example, the 3-step or 2-step contention-based random access (CBRA) procedures described with reference to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, respectively.
[0124] As illustrated, a Reader 810 that has received an inventory request (e.g., from an AIoT controller / application function 855) may perform an inventory procedure to discover and trigger all or a subset of AIoT devices 850 to perform AIoT access. AIoT devices that receive an inventory trigger message may respond and participate in an AIoT access procedure. The Reader 810 may then provide an inventory response to the application function 855 (e.g., with information obtained from the AIoT access) .
[0125] As illustrated, for a command procedure, the application function may issue a command, to one or more AIoT devices via one or more selected Reader (s) . The command message may be sent in a command container (e.g., Read / Write / Disable etc. ) . Based on the command from the Reader, the target AIoT device (s) may transmit a command response (e.g., containing an acknowledgement (ACK) of the command and, optionally, AIoT data) . In some cases, filter criteria may be included to limit the inventory request or command to AIoT Devices that match certain criteria.
[0126] FIG. 9 depicts an example call flow diagram 900 for an example AIoT 3-step random access procedure. When an AIoT random access is triggered by a Reader 910, an AIoT local ID may be derived using the techniques proposed herein.
[0127] As illustrated in FIG. 9, after an initial (R2D) trigger message from Reader 910, the AIoT device 950 may send an AIoT Msg1 to the Reader with an ID. In some cases, the ID may be a random ID generated by device (e.g., with an ID size fixed at 16 bits) .
[0128] The Reader may respond with an AIoT Msg2. In some cases, in the AIoT Msg2, the Reader may echo the ID received in Msg1. In some cases, the Msg2 may indicate a Msg3 transmission resource.
[0129] After receiving AIoT Msg2 (e.g., with an ID that matches the ID it provided in Msg1) , the AIoT device may send a Msg3. In some cases, Msg3 may include a device ID and / or any other upper layer data (e.g., depending on upper layer request (s) ) .
[0130] In some cases, the AIoT device may consider the contention resolution as successful if the received Msg2 includes the same random ID that was transmitted in Msg1. In other words, the size of this random ID may be considered sufficient for contention resolution purposes.
[0131] In some cases, an optional “Msg4” (e.g., a subsequent R2D transmission after D2R transmission) may be sent in the random access procedure. “Msg4” can be sent, for example, to address an Msg3 transmission failure (due to various reasons) . “Msg4” usage / presence can be indicated / configured.
[0132] FIG. 10 depicts an example call flow diagram 1000 for an example 2-step AIoT CBRA procedure.
[0133] As illustrated in FIG. 10, after an initial (R2D) trigger message from Reader 1010, the AIoT device 1050 may send an AIoT Msg1. The AIoT Msg1 may include a Device ID and / or any other upper layer data (e.g., depending on upper layer request (s) ) . For 2-step CBRA (when Msg2 is needed) , the random ID may also be included in the AIoT Msg1. When included, the random ID may be echoed by the Reader 1010 in the AIoT Msg2. In some cases, other information from Msg1 may also be echoed in Msg2.
[0134] For contention based random access (CBRA) , it may be left up to the Reader to decide whether to reuse the random ID as the AS ID or to assign a new access stratum (AS) ID. From an AIoT device (or simply device) perspective, it may only need to use one AS ID. Contention free random access (CFRA) may not be supported for group ID. An AS ID may be used for CFRA at least for the inventory (+ command) procedure. For CFRA, if a valid AS ID is not already assigned, an AS-ID assignment may be based on the various options. For example, according to a first option, the device may include a random ID in Msg1. As with CBRA, it may be up to the reader to decide whether to reuse the random ID as the AS ID or to assign a new AS ID. According to another option, Msg2 may be used for AS ID assignment.
[0135] Reader to device (R2D) control information may be used for scheduling device to reader (D2R) transmissions. For example, for D2R scheduling, various types of information may be explicitly / implicitly indicated to the device via a corresponding physical reader to device channel (PRDCH) transmission. Such information may include time domain resources, frequency domain resources, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) like information, chip duration, IDs associated with device (s) , repetitions, and a midamble (if supported) related information. Each type of information may be conveyed via higher-layer signaling and / or L1 R2D control signaling.
[0136] In this context, chip rate (the inverse of chip duration) generally refers the rate at which information signal bits are transmitted as a sequence of chips. A chip generally refers to a minimum reference duration of a time domain resource. For example, for on-off keying (OOK) a chip can be a duration of a transmitted “1” or “0. ” In certain wireless systems, one time slot may be equal to 2560 chips and is equal to 666.7 μs at a default chip rate. Aspects Related to AIoT Msg2 Design
[0137] Aspects of the present disclosure provide mechanisms that may help support multiplexing information for multiple AIoT devices in a single Msg2 (corresponding to multiple A-IoT Msg1s received from those devices) . Various flexible design options are provided herein, to efficiently convey resource allocation information to multiple AIoT devices in a single Msg2.
[0138] Aspects of the present disclosure provide various MAC PDU format designs that support multiplexing of information for multiple devices in R2D signaling for Msg2. While the designs support multiplexing, they are also flexible enough to support a Msg2 for a single device.
[0139] FIG. 11 depicts an example call flow diagram 1100 depicting an AIoT random access procedure utilizing an AIoT Msg2 design, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the reader device 1110 may be part of a plurality of reader devices that are configured to communicate with the IoT device (or devices) 1150.
[0140] In some aspects, the reader device 1110 may be a radio access network (RAN) entity, such as an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. In some aspects, the reader device 1110 may be a UE, such as the UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 1 and 3. In some aspects, the IoT device (s) 1150may be an example of the RFID tag 550 described with respect to FIG. 5 and / or one or more of the A-IoT devices described with respect to FIGS. 6 or 7.
[0141] As illustrated, the reader device 1110 may send a trigger message that prompts each of the AIoT devices 1150to transmit their own Msg1. In response, the reader device 1110 may transmit a Msg2.
[0142] As illustrated at 1106, the A-IoT Msg2 may support multiplexing of information for multiple AIoT devices. As will be described in greater detail below, the Msg2 may include resource allocation (time and frequency resources) for multiple AIoT devices 1150. As indicated at 1108, the AIoT devices may each transmit a Msg3 on time / frequency resources allocated via the AIoT Msg2.
[0143] According to certain aspects, the A-IoT Msg2 may be completely carried in an R2D MAC PDU and may convey information for each of multiple Msg1 transmissions the reader device received. In some cases, the transport block size (TBS) of Msg2 may be indicated according to various options. Such options may include, for example, providing the TBS indication of Msg2 via a postamble, using a fixed size Msg2, or providing the TBS indication via L1 control or an L1 header.
[0144] The information conveyed via Msg2 may include AIoT resource configuration. Some A-IoT resource configuration information (e.g., chip duration, repetition, coding rate, TDRA) may be common, meaning it may be shared by all echoed A-IoT Msg1 ID (s) while some A-IoT resource configuration (e.g., FDRA) may be specified per echoed A-IoT Msg1 ID.
[0145] There are also various options for device-specific A-IoT resource configuration. According to a first option, some or all of AIoT resource indication (ARI) are common for all echoed A-IoT Msg1 IDs associated with an A-IoT Msg2. In such cases, the device may select its resource based on predefined rule. For example, the device may select the frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) and / or time domain resource allocation (TDRA) based on the order of the echoed random IDs in a MAC subPDU. According to another option, common ARI may include TDRA, coding, repetitions, and chip rate. For FDRA, individual frequency shift parameters (R) for each device can be indicated instead of bitmap FDRA pattern. In some cases, common ARI may be predefined.
[0146] As illustrated in FIG. 12A, an A-IoT ID may be conveyed via a MAC CE 1200. The A-IoT ID MAC CE could be fixed length or variable length. For a fixed length, an A-IoT L2 ID MAC CE or A-IoT AS ID MAC CE may be conveyed via R2D. Using a fixed length may help to reduce the overhead caused by variable parts. Example of fixed length IDs include random ID (e.g., 16-bit) in R2D (A-IoT Msg2) or AS ID (8-bit, 16-bit or other length) in A-IoT Msg2 or A-IoT R2D command in data communication.
[0147] As illustrated in 1210 of FIG. 12B, for the variable length option, a length field may be included (e.g., in the MAC header 1212) to indicate the variable size A-IoT ID.For example, the length field may indicate a variable length of AS ID as 8 bits or16 bits. In some cases, to facilitate decoding / parsing, The MAC header and MAC CE may be byte aligned (to facilitate parsing) or not byte aligned.
[0148] According to certain aspects, the A-IoT Msg2 may be carried in an R2D MAC PDU. In such cases, an A-IoT Msg2 MAC PDU may include parameters such as an echoed Msg1 ID (meaning it includes or “echoes” an ID that was provided in a Msg1) , ARI for A-IoT Msg3, or an AS ID. AS ID may be optional, for example, depending on whether the reader will assign AS ID for the corresponding ambient-IoT device or not (or whether AS ID is / will be assigned in another R2D message or not) .
[0149] In some cases, as illustrated in FIG. 13, an R2D MAC PDU 1300 may include the concatenation of specified MAC payload per received Msg1 / random ID. As illustrated, each MAC subPDU 1320 may contain a specified MAC payload that includes the received Msg1 ID, ARI, and optionally the AS ID for a given device. Using individual ARI in this manner may help support flexible scheduling for each device. As used herein, a ‘payload’ may correspond to a MAC subPDU, MAC CE, or logical grouping of resource allocation information.
[0150] In some cases, the MAC PDU may only contain a single header. In the illustrated example, the single header is in the form of a subheader for the first MAC subPDU 1310. This MAC header may be associated with one or more MAC SDU (s) and / or MAC CE. The MAC header may include information such as message type, a Transaction ID (optional) , and Length indication (e.g., in terms of number of received Msg1 ID / random ID or the length of MAC PDU) .
[0151] An optional A field may indicates whether an AS ID is assigned in the Msg2. In some cases, the A field could be one bit applied for the all echoed Msg1 ID. In other cases, a bitmap may be used for AS ID allocation, with each bit corresponding to the echoed ID in order. In such cases, the size of the bitmap may be predefined (e.g., as the maximum number of device IDs in Msg2) . If a bit is 1, a new AS ID is allocated; otherwise, the Msg1 device ID (e.g., a 16-bit random number-RN16-in Msg1) may be assigned as the AS ID by default.
[0152] In some cases, an invalid AS ID may be predefined and included in the corresponding MAC subPDU. If the AS ID for an echoed Msg1 ID is invalid, the device may know that no new AS ID is allocated and may use random ID as AS ID by default. With this option, there may be no need to include the A field.
[0153] The MAC header may also include a B field, which indicates whether to reuse the A-IoT Msg1 resource for A-IoT Msg3 or to use a new resource. The A-IoT Msg3 resource configuration may be absent if A-IoT Msg1 is indicated to be reused for A-IoT Msg3. The MAC header may also include one or more reserved R bits for future extension.
[0154] In the example shown in FIG. 13, a single MAC header (subheader) is used for multiple MAC sub PDUs. As illustrated in FIG. 14, in other cases, multiple MAC subheaders may be associated with multiple MAC subPDUs 1420. Again, the MAC PDU may include the concatenation of specified MAC payload per received Msg1 / random ID.
[0155] The MAC subheader of the first MAC subPDU 1410 may be without a MAC SDU or MAC CE. This MAC subheader may contain similar information as the MAC subheader of FIG. 13, but with A, B, and R fields moved to the per-device MAC subPDUs 1420. In this case, the length indication may indicate the number of devices / MAC subPDUs or the length of the MAC PDU.
[0156] According to certain aspects, a MAC PDU may include the concatenation of MAC subPDU per information element (or type of information) . For example, in this context information element may refer to ID related information, ARI, or AS ID.
[0157] Some resource configuration (i.e., chip duration, repetition, coding rate, TDRA) can be shared by all echoed A-IoT Msg1 ID (s) while some resource configuration (i.e., FDRA) should be specified per echoed A-IoT Msg1 ID. There are various options for device specified resource configuration.
[0158] As illustrated at 1510 in FIG. 15A, in some cases, at least some information of ARI may be common for all echoed A-IoT Msg1 ID associated with a A-IoT Msg2, and the device may select its resource based on predefined rule. For example, a predefined rule may allow a device to select the FDRA (e.g. a frequency shift factor value) and / or TDRA based on the order of echoed random IDs in MAC subPDU.
[0159] As illustrated at 1520 in FIG. 15B, in some cases, common ARI information may include TDRA, coding, repetition, and chip rate. In some cases, FDRA information may be device-specific. For example, an FDRA may be assigned per device (e.g., an individual R may be indicated for each device, instead of a bitmap FDRA pattern) .
[0160] As illustrated in FIG. 16, in some cases an R2D MAC PDU may include a joint indication for one or multiple devices after a MAC header 1610. As illustrated, the joint indication may include one MAC subPDU 1620 for echoed A-IoT Msg1 ID from different devices, one MAC subPDU 1630 for ARI and (optionally) one MAC subPDU 1640 for allocated AS ID for all echoed Msg1 ID associated with this A-IoT Msg2.
[0161] As illustrated, the MAC subPDU 1620 for Msg1 Device ID (s) may be located before other MAC subPDU for low-latency processing (e.g., a device can decode this first to see if it is an intended recipient) . The MAC subPDU 1630 for ARI can be placed before / after the MAC subPDU for AS ID. The MAC subPDU 1630 for ARI may help reduce overhead when compared with per-device MAC subPDU for individual ARI, in case of more than one device.
[0162] FIG. 16 illustrates another example of a MAC PDU with a single MAC header (asubheader in a first MAC subPDU 1610) . The MAC header may include information such as message type, a Transaction ID (optional) , and Length indication (e.g., in terms of number of received Msg1 ID / random ID or the length of MAC PDU) . The MAC header may also include an (optional) A field, a B field, and one or more reserved R bits (e.g., allowing for future extension) .
[0163] In some cases, echoed Msg1 ID with to be assigned AS ID may be positioned before those without AS ID after, which may allow for 1-to-1 mapping for AS ID if given. In this case, there may be no need to include an A field. The optional B field may indicate whether to reuse the A-IoT Msg1 (frequency) resource for A-IoT Msg3 or indicate new (frequency) resource. The A-IoT Msg3 (frequency) resource configuration may be absent if an A-IoT Msg1 is indicated to be reused for A-IoT Msg3.
[0164] FIG. 17 depicts an example R2D MAC PDU 1700 that includes the concatenation of MAC subPDU per information element. In the illustrated example, joint indication for one or multiple devices is composed of one MAC subPDU 1710 for Msg1 device IDs, one MAC subPDU 1720 for ARI and [optional] one MAC subPDU 1730 for allocated AS IDs.
[0165] In the illustrated example, there are multiple MAC sub-headers associated with multiple MAC subPDU (s) . The MAC subheader of the first MAC subPDU without MAC SDU or MAC CE may contain the various fields described above, including a message type, Transaction ID (optional) , A field, B field, and R bits. The length field may indicate the length of the MAC PDU or a number of ambient-IoT devices.
[0166] The MAC subheader for the MAC subPDU 1710 that carries echoed Msg1 IDs may include message type, Transaction ID (optional) , and a B field. The Length indication may indicate the length of the MAC subPDU or a number of ambient-IoT devices. R bit (s) may be included to allow for future extension. The subheaders of subPDUs 1710, 1720 and 1730 (and / or the corresponding content) may only be needed if there is no initial MAC subheader (e.g., as shown in subPDU 1310 in FIG. 13 and subPDU 1610 in FIG. 16) . In other words, if the content were to be provided in an initial MAC subheader, the subheaders for (some / all of) these subsequent MAC subPDUs may not be necessary.
[0167] The MAC subheader for the MAC subPDU 1720 that carries ARI may include a B field, length indication (e.g., the length of MAC CE for ARI) , and R bit (s) for future extension.
[0168] The MAC subheader for the MAC subPDU 1730 that carries AS ID may include an A field, length indication (e.g., the length of AS ID if reader can control the length of AS ID) , and reserved R bit (s) for future extension. In some cases, the content of the MAC subheader of the first MAC subPDU may be merged with the MAC subheader of the second MAC subPDU (e.g., MAC subPDU including echoed ID of Msg1) .
[0169] FIG. 18 illustrates another example MAC PDU 1800 that includes the concatenation of MAC subPDU per information element. In this case, joint indication for one or multiple devices includes one or more MAC subPDUs 1820 for echoed Msg1 ID where each MAC subPDU 1820 contain a single device ID, one or more MAC subPDU 1830 for ARI where each MAC subPDU contain a ARI associated with an echoed Msg1 ID, and one or more MAC subPDU for AS ID where each MAC subPDU contain a AS ID associated with an echoed Msg1 ID. MAC subPDU for echoed Msg1 ID (s) are positioned before other MAC subPDU for low-latency processing.
[0170] In the example shown in FIG. 18, in one MAC PDU 1800, there may be a single MAC header 1810 associated with one or more MAC subPDUs. In the example R2D MAC PDU 1900 of FIG. 19, there may be multiple MAC sub-headers associated with multiple MAC subPDU (s) . Again, the R2D MAC PDU 1900 may include a concatenation of MAC subPDU per information element.
[0171] Joint indication for one or multiple devices may be composed of one or more MAC subPDUs 1920 for echoed Msg1 ID, one or more MAC subPDUs 1930 for ARI, and one or more MAC subPDUs 1940 for assigned AS IDs.
[0172] In some cases, the content of the MAC subheader of the first MAC subPDU 1910 may be merged with the MAC subheader of the second MAC subPDU 1920 (i.e., MAC subPDU including echoed ID of Msg1) .
[0173] According to certain aspects, A-IoT Msg2 (content) may be partially carried in physical layer (L1) control, while remaining content may be carried in R2D MAC PDU (Msg2) . For example, FIG. 20 shows an example 2000 where partial R2D control 2012 is in L1 control and remaining content in R2D MAC PDU (Msg2) 2020.
[0174] In this case, the L1 control may be separate from the MAC PDU, with separate cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for early indication. This content may include, for example, a message type (e.g., to indicate Msg2 with variable length) , Transaction ID, Number of IDs, and Msg1 device ID (s) . The length / duration may be set to that of PRDCH (with no need for postamble) . The CRC may be 6 or 16 bits, for example, dependent on the ID number.
[0175] As illustrated, the R2D MAC PDU for Msg2 2020 can include MAC subPDU for ARI and optional MAC subPDU for AS ID. The R2D MAC subPDU for ARI and MAC subPDU for AS ID can follow the options mentioned above, while the MAC header / subheader does not need to include the information that is contained in the L1 control. The MAC header / subheader may contain a length indication (e.g., length of MAC PDU) , A field, B field, and R bit (s) for future extension. The MAC header / subheader, MAC SDU and / or MAC CE can be byte aligned (or not byte aligned) .
[0176] According to certain aspects, the A-IoT Msg2 content may be completely carried in L1 control. For example, as illustrated in diagram 2100 of FIG. 21, all R2D control 2112 may be contained in L1 control for Msg2. In this case, all information of Msg2 (e.g., echoed Msg1 ID, ARI, optional of AS ID) may be put in a PRDCH that is for control only (e.g., and no R2D MAC PDU (Msg2) . Example Operations
[0177] FIG. 22 shows an example of a method 2200 of wireless communication at a first wireless node. In some examples, the first wireless node is a user equipment, such as a UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3. In some examples, the first wireless node is a network entity, such as a BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0178] Method 2200 begins at step 2205 with outputting a first message to a second wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for outputting and / or code for outputting as described with reference to FIG. 24.
[0179] Method 2200 then proceeds to step 2210 with obtaining, after outputting the first message, a second message from the second wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the first wireless node and one or more other devices. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for obtaining and / or code for obtaining as described with reference to FIG. 24.
[0180] Method 2200 then proceeds to step 2215 with outputting a third message to the second wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for outputting and / or code for outputting as described with reference to FIG. 24.
[0181] In some aspects, the second message comprises a random access response (RAR) message.
[0182] In some aspects, the second message may be obtained via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .
[0183] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes identifiers (IDs) to indicate which resources are allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices.
[0184] In some aspects, various types of resources may be allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices. Such resources may include, for example, at least one of: an ID, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, chip duration, a number of repetitions, or information related to a midamble.
[0185] In some aspects, each of the IDs is indicated in a MAC control element (MAC CE); and the MAC CE has either a) fixed length or b) a variable length indicated in a MAC header.
[0186] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating resource allocation information associated with one of the IDs.
[0187] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes: a single MAC header associated with the multiple MAC payloads; or a separate MAC subheader for each of the multiple MAC payloads.
[0188] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating one or more values for a different type of resource allocated to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0189] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes a MAC payload, different from the multiple payloads, that indicates resource allocation information common to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0190] In some aspects, the common resource allocation information indicates at least one of: time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, or chip duration.
[0191] In some aspects, the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices; and the method further comprises obtaining a second portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node via physical layer control information.
[0192] In some aspects, the second message is obtained via physical layer control information.
[0193] In some aspects, the second message is obtained via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) . The MAC PDU may have at least one header and at least one MAC control element (MAC CE) . Information included in the header may include at least one of a message type, transaction identifier (ID) , length indication, reserved bits, presence of an access stratum (AS) ID (e.g., a one bit AS ID presence indicator or AIPI field) , or presence of a frequency domain resources allocation (FDRA) . In some cases, the MAC CE may include at least one of an ID that was included in the first message, a resource allocation, or an AS ID.
[0194] In one aspect, method 2200, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 2400 of FIG. 24, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 2200. Communications device 2400 is described below in further detail.
[0195] Note that FIG. 22 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0196] FIG. 23 shows an example of a method 2300 of wireless communication at a second wireless node. In some examples, the second wireless node is a user equipment, such as a UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3. In some examples, the second wireless node is a network entity, such as a BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0197] Method 2300 begins at step 2305 with obtaining a first message from a first wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for obtaining and / or code for obtaining as described with reference to FIG. 24.
[0198] Method 2300 then proceeds to step 2310 with outputting, after obtaining the first message, a second message to the first wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the first wireless node and one or more other devices. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for outputting and / or code for outputting as described with reference to FIG. 24.
[0199] Method 2300 then proceeds to step 2315 with obtaining a third message from the first wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure. In some cases, the operations of this step refer to, or may be performed by, circuitry for obtaining and / or code for obtaining as described with reference to FIG. 24.
[0200] In some aspects, the second message comprises a random access response (RAR) message.
[0201] In some aspects, the second message is output via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .
[0202] In some aspects, the MAC PDU includes identifiers (IDs) to indicate which resources are allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices.
[0203] In some aspects, the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices comprise at least one of: an ID, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, chip duration, a number of repetitions, or information related to a midamble.
[0204] In some aspects, each of the IDs is indicated in a MAC control element (MAC CE); and the MAC CE has either a) fixed length or b) a variable length indicated in a MAC header.
[0205] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating resource allocation information associated with one of the IDs.
[0206] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes: a single MAC header associated with the multiple MAC payloads; or a separate MAC subheader for each of the multiple MAC payloads.
[0207] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating one or more values for a different type of resource allocated to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0208] In some aspects, the MAC PDU also includes a MAC payload, different from the multiple payloads, that indicates resource allocation information common to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0209] In some aspects, the common resource allocation information indicates at least one of: time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, or chip duration.
[0210] In some aspects, the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices; and the method further comprises outputting a second portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node via physical layer control information.
[0211] In some aspects, the second message is output via physical layer control information.
[0212] In some aspects, the second message is output via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) ; the MAC PDU has at least one header and at least one MAC control element (MAC CE) ; information included in the header includes at least one of a message type, transaction identifier (ID) , length indication, reserved bits, presence of an access stratum (AS) ID, or presence of a frequency domain resources allocation (FDRA) ; and the MAC CE includes at least one of an ID that was included in the first message, a resource allocation, or an AS ID.
[0213] In one aspect, method 2300, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 2400 of FIG. 24, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 2300. Communications device 2400 is described below in further detail.
[0214] Note that FIG. 23 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative steps are possible consistent with this disclosure. Example Communications Device (s)
[0215] FIG. 24 depicts aspects of an example communications device 2400. In some aspects, communications device 2400 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3. In some aspects, communications device 2400 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0216] The communications device 2400 includes a processing system 2405 coupled to the transceiver 2445 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . In some aspects (e.g., when communications device 2400 is a network entity) , processing system 2405 may be coupled to a network interface 2455 that is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 2400 via communication link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The transceiver 2445 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 2400 via the antenna 2450, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 2405 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 2400, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 2400.
[0217] The processing system 2405 includes one or more processors 2410. In various aspects, the one or more processors 2410 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. In various aspects, one or more processors 2410 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 2410 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 2425 via a bus 2440. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 2425 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) that when executed by the one or more processors 2410, cause the one or more processors 2410 to perform the method 2200 described with respect to FIG. 22, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2300 described with respect to FIG. 23, or any aspect related to it. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 2400 may include one or more processors 2410 performing that function of communications device 2400.
[0218] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 2425 stores code (e.g., executable instructions) , such as code for outputting 2430 and code for obtaining 2435. Processing of the code for outputting 2430 and code for obtaining 2435 may cause the communications device 2400 to perform the method 2200 described with respect to FIG. 22, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2300 described with respect to FIG. 23, or any aspect related to it.
[0219] The one or more processors 2410 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 2425, including circuitry for outputting 2415 and circuitry for obtaining 2420. Processing with circuitry for outputting 2415 and circuitry for obtaining 2420 may cause the communications device 2400 to perform the method 2200 described with respect to FIG. 22, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2300 described with respect to FIG. 23, or any aspect related to it.
[0220] Various components of the communications device 2400 may provide means for performing the method 2200 described with respect to FIG. 22, or any aspect related to it; and the method 2300 described with respect to FIG. 23, or any aspect related to it. For example, means for transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include transceivers 354 and / or antenna (s) 352 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, and / or the transceiver 2445 and the antenna 2450 of the communications device 2400 in FIG. 24. Means for receiving or obtaining may include transceivers 354 and / or antenna (s) 352 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceivers 332 and / or antenna (s) 334 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, and / or the transceiver 2445 and the antenna 2450 of the communications device 2400 in FIG. 24. Example Clauses
[0221] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0222] Clause 1: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless node, comprising: outputting a first message to a second wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure; obtaining, after outputting the first message, a second message from the second wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the first wireless node and one or more other devices; and outputting a third message to the second wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure.
[0223] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein: the second message comprises a random access response (RAR) message.
[0224] Clause 3: The method of any one of Clauses 1-2, wherein the second message is obtained via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .
[0225] Clause 4: The method of Clause 3, wherein: the MAC PDU includes identifiers (IDs) to indicate which resources are allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices.
[0226] Clause 5: The method of Clause 4, wherein the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices comprise at least one of: an ID, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, chip duration, a number of repetitions, or information related to a midamble.
[0227] Clause 6: The method of Clause 4, wherein: each of the IDs is indicated in a MAC control element (MAC CE) ; and the MAC CE has either a) fixed length or b) a variable length indicated in a MAC header.
[0228] Clause 7: The method of Clause 4, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating resource allocation information associated with one of the IDs.
[0229] Clause 8: The method of Clause 7, wherein the MAC PDU also includes: a single MAC header associated with the multiple MAC payloads; or a separate MAC subheader for each of the multiple MAC payloads.
[0230] Clause 9: The method of Clause 4, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating one or more values for a different type of resource allocated to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0231] Clause 10: The method of Clause 9, wherein the MAC PDU also includes a MAC payload, different from the multiple payloads, that indicates resource allocation information common to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0232] Clause 11: The method of Clause 10, wherein the common resource allocation information indicates at least one of: time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, or chip duration.
[0233] Clause 12: The method of Clause 3, wherein: the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices; and the method further comprises obtaining a second portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node via physical layer control information.
[0234] Clause 13: The method of Clause 3, wherein: the second message is obtained via physical layer control information.
[0235] Clause 14: The method of any one of Clauses 1-13, wherein: the second message is obtained via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) ; the MAC PDU has at least one header and at least one MAC control element (MAC CE) ; information included in the header includes at least one of a message type, transaction identifier (ID) , length indication, reserved bits, presence of an access stratum (AS) ID, or presence of a frequency domain resources allocation (FDRA) ; and the MAC CE includes at least one of an ID that was included in the first message, a resource allocation, or an AS ID.
[0236] Clause 15: A method for wireless communication at a second wireless node, comprising: obtaining a first message from a first wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure; outputting, after obtaining the first message, a second message to the first wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the first wireless node and one or more other devices; and obtaining a third message from the first wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure.
[0237] Clause 16: The method of Clause 15, wherein: the second message comprises a random access response (RAR) message.
[0238] Clause 17: The method of any one of Clauses 15-16, wherein the second message is output via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .
[0239] Clause 18: The method of Clause 17, wherein: the MAC PDU includes identifiers (IDs) to indicate which resources are allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices.
[0240] Clause 19: The method of Clause 18, wherein the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices comprise at least one of: an ID, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, chip duration, a number of repetitions, or information related to a midamble.
[0241] Clause 20: The method of Clause 18, wherein: each of the IDs is indicated in a MAC control element (MAC CE) ; and the MAC CE has either a) fixed length or b) a variable length indicated in a MAC header.
[0242] Clause 21: The method of Clause 18, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating resource allocation information associated with one of the IDs.
[0243] Clause 22: The method of Clause 21, wherein the MAC PDU also includes: a single MAC header associated with the multiple MAC payloads; or a separate MAC subheader for each of the multiple MAC payloads.
[0244] Clause 23: The method of Clause 18, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating one or more values for a different type of resource allocated to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0245] Clause 24: The method of Clause 23, wherein the MAC PDU also includes a MAC payload, different from the multiple payloads, that indicates resource allocation information common to the first wireless node and the other devices.
[0246] Clause 25: The method of Clause 24, wherein the common resource allocation information indicates at least one of: time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, or chip duration.
[0247] Clause 26: The method of Clause 17, wherein: the MAC PDU indicates a first portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node and the one or more other devices; and the method further comprises outputting a second portion of the resources allocated to the first wireless node via physical layer control information.
[0248] Clause 27: The method of Clause 17, wherein: the second message is output via physical layer control information.
[0249] Clause 28: The method of any one of Clauses 15-27, wherein: the second message is output via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) ; the MAC PDU has at least one header and at least one MAC control element (MAC CE) ; information included in the header includes at least one of a message type, transaction identifier (ID) , length indication, reserved bits, presence of an access stratum (AS) ID, or presence of a frequency domain resources allocation (FDRA) ; and the MAC CE includes at least one of an ID that was included in the first message, a resource allocation, or an AS ID.
[0250] Clause 29: An apparatus, comprising: at least one memory comprising executable instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-28.
[0251] Clause 30: An apparatus, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-28.
[0252] Clause 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-28.
[0253] Clause 32: A computer program product embodied on a computer-readable storage medium comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-28.
[0254] Clause 33: A first wireless node (e.g., an AIoT device) , comprising: at least one transceiver, at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 1-14, wherein the at least one transceiver configured to transmit the first message, receive the second message, and transmit the third message.
[0255] Clause 34: A second wireless node (e.g., a reader device) , comprising: at least one transceiver, at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any combination of Clauses 15-28, wherein the at least one transceiver configured to receive the first message, transmit the second message, and receive the third message. Additional Considerations
[0256] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0257] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0258] As used herein, “aprocessor, ” “at least one processor” or “one or more processors” generally refers to a single processor configured to perform one or multiple operations or multiple processors configured to collectively perform one or more operations. In the case of multiple processors, performance of the one or more operations could be divided amongst different processors, though one processor may perform multiple operations, and multiple processors could collectively perform a single operation. Similarly, “amemory, ” “at least one memory” or “one or more memories” generally refers to a single memory configured to store data and / or instructions, multiple memories configured to collectively store data and / or instructions.
[0259] In some cases, rather than actually transmitting a signal, an apparatus (e.g., a wireless node or device) may have an interface to output the signal for transmission. For example, a processor may output a signal, via a bus interface, to a radio frequency (RF) front end for transmission. Accordingly, a means for outputting may include such an interface as an alternative (or in addition) to a transmitter or transceiver. Similarly, rather than actually receiving a signal, an apparatus (e.g., a wireless node or device) may have an interface to obtain a signal from another device. For example, a processor may obtain (or receive) a signal, via a bus interface, from an RF front end for reception. Accordingly, a means for obtaining may include such an interface as an alternative (or in addition) to a receiver or transceiver.
[0260] While the present disclosure may describe certain operations as being performed by one type of wireless node, the same or similar operations may also be performed by another type of wireless node. For example, operations performed by a user equipment (UE) may also (or instead) be performed by a network entity (e.g., a base station or unit of a disaggregated base station) . Similarly, operations performed by a network entity may also (or instead) be performed by a UE.
[0261] Further, while the present disclosure may describe certain types of communications between different types of wireless nodes (e.g., between a network entity and a UE) , the same or similar types of communications may occur between same types of wireless nodes (e.g., between network entities or between UEs, in a peer-to-peer scenario) . Further, communications may occur in reverse order than described.
[0262] Means for outputting, means for obtaining, means for deriving, and means for using may comprise one or more processors, such as one or more of the processors described above with reference to FIG. 24.
[0263] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of:a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0264] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0265] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0266] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Within a claim, reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112 (f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” . All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a first message to a wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure;receive, via the at least one transceiver after transmitting the first message, a second message from the wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the apparatus and one or more other devices; andtransmit, via the at least one transceiver, a third message to the wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second message is received via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:the MAC PDU includes identifiers (IDs) to indicate which resources are allocated to the apparatus and the one or more other devices.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the resources allocated to the apparatus and the one or more other devices comprise at least one of: an ID, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, chip duration, a number of repetitions, or information related to a midamble.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating resource allocation information associated with one of the IDs.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the MAC PDU also includes:a single MAC header associated with the multiple MAC payloads; ora separate MAC subheader for each of the multiple MAC payloads.7.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating one or more values for a different type of resource allocated to the apparatus and the other devices.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the MAC PDU also includes a MAC payload, different from the multiple payloads, that indicates resource allocation information common to the apparatus and the other devices.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the common resource allocation information indicates at least one of: time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, or chip duration.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the second message is received via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) ;the MAC PDU has at least one header and at least one MAC control element (MAC CE) ;information included in the header includes at least one of a message type, transaction identifier (ID) , length indication, reserved bits, presence of an access stratum (AS) ID, or presence of a frequency domain resources allocation (FDRA) ; andthe MAC CE includes at least one of an ID that was included in the first message, a resource allocation, or an AS ID.11.An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one memory comprising computer-executable instructions; andone or more processors configured to execute the computer-executable instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive, via the at least one transceiver, a first message from a wireless node as part of a random access (RA) procedure;transmit, via the at least one transceiver after receiving the first message, a second message to the wireless node, wherein the second message includes multiple payloads that collectively indicate resources allocated to the wireless node and one or more other devices; andreceive, via the at least one transceiver, a third message from the wireless node via the indicated resources as part of the RA procedure.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second message is transmitted via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) .13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein:the MAC PDU includes identifiers (IDs) to indicate which resources are allocated to the wireless node and the one or more other devices.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the resources allocated to the wireless node and the one or more other devices comprise at least one of: an ID, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, chip duration, a number of repetitions, or information related to a midamble.15.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating resource allocation information associated with one of the IDs.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the MAC PDU also includes:a single MAC header associated with the multiple MAC payloads; ora separate MAC subheader for each of the multiple MAC payloads.17.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the MAC PDU also includes multiple MAC payloads, each MAC payload indicating one or more values for a different type of resource allocated to the wireless node and the other devices.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the MAC PDU also includes a MAC payload, different from the multiple payloads, that indicates resource allocation information common to the wireless node and the other devices.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the common resource allocation information indicates at least one of: time domain resources, frequency domain resources, coding rate information, or chip duration.20.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:the second message is transmitted via a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (PDU) ;the MAC PDU has at least one header and at least one MAC control element (MAC CE) ;information included in the header includes at least one of a message type, transaction identifier (ID) , length indication, reserved bits, presence of an access stratum (AS) ID, or presence of a frequency domain resources allocation (FDRA) ; andthe MAC CE includes at least one of an ID that was included in the first message, a resource allocation, or an AS ID.