Detergent compositions comprising lysine-based polymers
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/086223
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-25
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure PCTCN2026086223-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2026086223-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2026086223-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LYSINE-BASED POLYMERSField of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to detergent compositions, particularly laundry detergent compositions, comprising lysine-based polymers, to lysine-based polymers themselves, and to the use of the lysine-based polymers in laundry detergent compositions for improving detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.Background Art
[0002] Polymeric additives are widely used in detergents and fabric treatment formulations, for example dispersants, anti-greying agents, dye transfer inhibitors, dye fixation agents, and the like. Most of commercial polymeric additives are petroleum-based rather than bio-based. Recently, a new trend of polymeric additive development is to provide environmental-friendly bio-based and biodegradable polymers with the improvement of public environmental protection awareness and more environmental regulatory requirements worldwide. With such a trend, biodegradable polymeric additives bring a new challenge for the manufacturers, in particular, in fields of laundry detergents and fabric treatment products.
[0003] Lysine-based polymeric additives have been investigated in many fields, for example, as preservatives in food and personal care products, as surfactants and moisturizing agents in personal care and household products, as nutrition sources in nutritional supplement products, and also as biologically active ingredients in cosmetic or dermatological products.
[0004] WO1999007814A1 describes laundry detergent compositions comprising amino acid-based polymers, wherein the amino acid-based polymers contain at least 5 mol%, preferably at least 10 mol%, more preferably from 20 mol%, and most preferably at least 40 mol%, of a basic amino acid. As examples of the amino acid-based polymers, various lysine-based copolymers were synthesized, including copolymers of lysine and caprolactam and copolymers of lysine and amino caproic acid. It was described in the patent application that the amino acid-based polymers can impart fabric appearance and integrity benefits to fabrics and textiles laundered in washing solutions. However, the laundry detergent compositions were not tested for the claimed performance.
[0005] WO1999007813A1 describes use of amino acid-based polymer, oligomer or copolymer materials in a detergent composition as a fabric treatment agent to impart fabric appearance and integrity benefits to fabrics and textiles laundered in washing solutions which contain such materials. The amino acid-based polymer may be co-condensates of amino acids with a copolymerizable compound selected from the group consisting of at least one compound selected from die group consisting of saturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acids, polybasic carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid anhydrides, hydroxycarboxylic acids, monobasic polyhydroxycarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
[0006] Another challenge for laundry detergents is the good primary and secondary detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat, which are known as being difficult to be either removed from fabrics (primary detergency) or to be prevented from redeposition on clean fabrics (secondary detergency) , especially at low washing temperatures (30 ℃ and below) .
[0007] There is thus a need to provide a biodegradable polymeric additive for improving the detergency of a laundry detergent for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.Summary of the Invention
[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a laundry detergent composition which comprises a biodegradable polymeric additive and has improved detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.
[0009] It has been found that the object of the present invention can be achieved by a copolymer of lysine or its reactive equivalent and dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent.
[0010] In the first aspect, the present invention relates to a laundry detergent composition, which comprises a lysine-based polymer containing (A) lysine structural units and (B) dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I)
[0011] wherein
[0012] R is an aliphatic linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,
[0013] * denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage,
[0014] wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60: 40 to 95: 5, or preferably from 70 : 30 to 95 : 5 as measured by 1H NMR, and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.
[0015] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the present invention relates to a laundry detergent composition which comprises the lysine-based polymer as described above, wherein the lysine-based polymer is an unmodified copolymer of lysine or its reactive equivalent and dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOC-R-COOH or its reactive equivalent.
[0016] In some embodiments according to the first aspect, the present invention relates to a laundry detergent composition, which comprises a lysine-based polymer as described above, wherein the lysine-based polymer is a copolymer of lysine or its reactive equivalent and dicarboxylic acid of formula HOOC-R-COOH or its reactive equivalent having been further modified by acylation of lysine structural units with a C5-C22 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group.
[0017] In the second aspect, the present invention relates to use of the lysine-based polymer as described in the first aspect in laundry detergent compositions for improving primary and / or secondary detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.
[0018] In the third aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing laundry detergent compositions, which includes a step of combining at least one surfactant, the lysine-based polymer as described herein, and optionally at least one other auxiliary, in a solvent, generally water.
[0019] It has been surprisingly found that the lysine-based polymer according to the present invention can improve the detergency of laundry detergents for sebum and fat, while having certain biodegradability.Detailed Description of the Invention
[0020] The present invention now will be described in detail hereinafter. It is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in many different ways and shall not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Unless mentioned otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.
[0021] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0022] As used herein, the terms “comprise” , “comprising" , etc. are used interchangeably with “contain” , “containing” , etc. and are to be interpreted in a non-limiting, open manner. That is, e.g., further components or elements may be present. The expressions “consists of” or “consists essentially of” or cognates may be embraced within “comprises” or cognates.
[0023] As used herein, the term “biodegradable” , generally refers to a material that degrades from the action of naturally occurring microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae, including the action of enzymes excreted from such microorganisms and potentially in combination with environmental heat, moisture or other environmental factors.
[0024] As used herein, the term “lysine-based polymer” is intended to indicate a copolymer having a backbone containing a major amount of lysine structural units, which is obtainable from copolymerization of lysine or its reactive equivalent and dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent. The lysine-based polymer may be unmodified or have been modified via acylation of lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer.
[0025] As used herein, the term “lysine structural units” is intended to indicate structural units derived from copolymerization of lysine or its reactive equivalent such as α-amino-ε-caprolactam.
[0026] As used herein, the term “dicarboxylic structural units” is intended to indicate structural units derived from copolymerization of dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent, for example those as described hereinbelow.
[0027] As used herein, the term “acylation of lysine structural units” is intended to refer to acylation of the amino groups remaining in the lysine structural units generated from the process of copolymerization of lysine or its reactive equivalent and dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent. Correspondingly, the term “acylated lysine structural units” is intended to refer to those lysine structural units having been acylated.
[0028] Herein, any percentages given for components of the laundry detergent composition is calculated in reference to the active ingredient thereof with exclusion of accompanying materials which may be present in commercially available or as-prepared forms of such components (for example, residual solvents or by-products) , unless otherwise specified. Also, all proportions are by weight, unless specified otherwise.
[0029] <Lysine-based polymer>
[0030] Suitable lysine-based polymers for the laundry detergent composition according to the present invention may have a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60: 40 to 95: 5, or preferably from 70: 30 to 95 : 5 as measured by 1H NMR, and have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.
[0031] More preferably, the lysine-based polymer in the laundry detergent composition may have a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 75 : 25 to 92 : 8. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units may be measured by 1H NMR, by taking into account the integrals of the peaks characteristic to protons of lysine molecules versus dicarboxylic molecules incorporated into the copolymer structure.
[0032] Additionally, or alternatively, the lysine-based polymer in the laundry detergent composition may preferably have a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of from 500 g / mol to 8, 500 g / mol, more preferably from 600 g / mol to 8, 500 g / mol.
[0033] The lysine-based polymer in the laundry detergent composition may have a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of from 300 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol, preferably from 400 g / mol to 2, 500 g / mol.
[0034] The average molecular weights may be measured in accordance with the methods described in the experimental section herein below.
[0035] Preferably, the lysine-based polymer in the laundry detergent composition may have a K-value in the range of from 10 to 20, more preferably 12 to 20, and most preferably 12 to 18, as determined with 1 wt%solution of respective lysine-based polymer in water at 25℃ according to DIN ISO 1628-1. The K-value is often referred to as intrinsic viscosity and is an indirect measure of molecular weight of polymers.
[0036] The dicarboxylic structural units contained in the lysine-based polymer is represented by formula (I)
[0037] wherein
[0038] R is an aliphatic linear C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,
[0039] * denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage.
[0040] The term “aliphatic linear hydrocarbylene” as used herein refers to a divalent radical derived from an unsaturated or saturated acyclic hydrocarbon, which may or may not be interrupted by at least one heteroatom selected from O, S and N. Examples of aliphatic linear C2-C12 hydrocarbylene groups are especially C2-C12 alkylene, C2-C12 alkenylene and C2-C12 alkadienylene.
[0041] The term “alkylene” as used herein refers to a saturated divalent radical derived from straight-chain alkane. Examples of C2-C12 alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, nonamethylene, decamethylene, undecamethylene, dodecamethylene, etc.
[0042] The term “alkenylene” as used herein refers to an unsaturated divalent radical derived from straight-chain alkene where the double bond is at an internal position. Examples of C2-C12 alkenylene groups include, but are not limited to, vinylene, 1, 3-propenylene, 1, 4-but-2-enylene, 1,5-pent-2-enylene, 1, 6-hex-3-enylene, etc.
[0043] The term “alkadienylene” as used herein refers to an unsaturated divalent radical derived from straight-chain or branched alkadiene where any double bond is at an internal position. Examples of C4-C12 alkadienylene groups include, but are not limited to, butadienylene, pentadienylene, hexadienylene, etc.
[0044] The term “alkyl” as used herein refers to saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbyl. C1-C14 alkyl groups are especially C1-C10 alkyl groups, for example C4-C10 alkyl groups. Examples of C1-C14 alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethylhexyl and n-octyl.
[0045] The term “alkenyl” as used herein refers to straight-chain or branched hydrocarbyl having one double bond at an internal position. C2-C14 alkenyl groups are especially C4-C10 alkenyl groups. Examples of C2-C14 alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, heptenyl and octenyl.
[0046] The term “alkylidene” as used herein refers to unsaturated divalent radical derived from alkane with both valencies on the same carbon atom, which may be represented by *=CRaRb where the asterisk (*) denotes the position where the alkylidene group is attached to the remainder, and Ra and Rb respectively donates H or alkyl. Examples of C1-C4 alkylidene groups include, but are not limited to, methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene, etc.
[0047] In some embodiments, the lysine-based polymer contains dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) wherein R is a C2-C12 alkylene or C2-C12 alkenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene.
[0048] In some particular embodiments, the lysine-based polymer contains dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) wherein R is C2-C12 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene.
[0049] In some further embodiments, the lysine-based polymer contains dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) wherein R is C6-C10-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C2-C14 alkenyl.
[0050] Preferably, the lysine-based polymer contains dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) wherein R is selected from hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, nonamethylene and decamethylene, even more preferably selected from heptamethylene and octamethylene.
[0051] The dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) may be derived from corresponding dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent. Suitable reactive equivalents of a dicarboxylic acid for reacting with (poly) lysine is well-known in the art, for example, mono-and di-esters of dicarboxylic acid, mono-or di-halides of dicarboxylic acid and cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acid.
[0052] Examples of suitable dicarboxylic acid may include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, pimelic acid (heptanedioic acid) , suberic acid (octanedioic acid) , azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid) , sebacic acid (decanedioic acid) , undecanedioic acid and dodecanedioic acid, octylsuccinic acid, octenylsuccinic acid, muconic acid, more preferably suberic acid (octanedioic acid) , azelaic acid (nonanedioic acid) , sebacic acid (decanedioic acid) and undecanedioic acid, even more preferably azelaic acid and sebacic acid.
[0053] The dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) are connected to the lysine structural units by amide linkages.
[0054] The lysine structural units are generally contained in the lysine-based polymer in form of polymeric blocks. In the lysine-based polymer, the lysine structural units may be unmodified or at least part of the lysine structural units have been modified by acylation of lysine structural units with a C5-C22 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group.
[0055] In some embodiments, the lysine structural units contained in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified. That is, the amino groups remaining in the lysine structural units of the lysine-based polymer are all in form of -NH2.
[0056] In some other embodiments, at least part of the lysine structural units contained in the lysine-based polymer have been modified by acylation of with a C5-C22 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group. That is, the lysine-based polymer contains acylated lysine structural units, wherein the amino groups remaining in the lysine structural units of the lysine-based polymers generated from the copolymerization have been acylated to amide or imide groups of -NR1R2, in which R1 and R2 are, independently from each other, H or C5-C22 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group with provision that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously H.
[0057] For example, the acylated lysine structural units contained in the lysine-based polymer may be represented by
[0058] wherein
[0059] R1 and R2 independently from each other is H or C5-C22 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group, provided that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously H; and
[0060] * denotes the positions where the structural unit is attached to any other structural units by an amide linkage.
[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lysine-based polymer is unmodified.
[0062] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lysine-based is further modified by acylation, preferably by acylation of the lysine structural units contained in the lysine-based polymer with a C8-C22, more preferably C12-C22 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group.
[0063] Herein, the acyl group, within the context of the acylated lysine structural units which have been modified, may be represented by the formula of -C (O) -R3 wherein R3 is C4-C21, preferably C7-C21 saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic hydrocarbyl, which may be optionally substituted, for example with a group of -COOH or -R4-COOH with R4 being C1-C4-alkylene or C1-C4-alkenylene.
[0064] The acyl group may originate from any suitable acylating agents, such as acyl chlorides and bromides and other halogenates, carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acids or esters. Examples of the acylating agents include, but are not limited to pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoicacid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, decanoic acid, lauruloleic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, elaidic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and acyl chlorides, bromides, acid anhydrides and esters thereof.
[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, preference is given to carbon acid anhydrides, specifically to alkyl-chain-substituted succinic anhydrides, examples being C6 to C18-substituted succinic anhydrides. Examples of products commercially available include Pentasize 8 or Pentasize 68 (C18 alkenyl succinic anhydride or C16 / C18 alkenyl succinic anhydride, respectively, from Trigon Chemie GmbH, Germany) .
[0066] It will be understood that in the lysine-based polymer, each lysine structural unit, either unmodified or acylated, may be linked to a lysine structural unit of the same linkage form to constitute a polymeric block, to a lysine structural unit of the other linkage form or to a polymeric block consisting of lysine structural units of the other linkage form, or to a dicarboxylic structural unit; and each lysine structural unit may be linked to two same or different structural units.
[0067] The lysine-based polymer may have a degree of modification (DM) by acylation of 0 to 50%, preferably from 0 to 15%, more preferably from 0 to 10%, still more preferably 5%to 10%. Herein, the degree of modification (DM) is defined theoretically in accordance with the following equation:
[0068] wherein the moles of acyl groups originating from acylation is determined from the difference between the moles of acyl groups that may be provided by the acylating agent as added and the moles of acyl groups that may be provided by the free acylating agent remaining unreacted in the system, as measured by HPLC analysis.
[0069] There is no particular restriction to the process for preparing the lysine-based polymer. For example, the lysine-based polymer may be prepared by co-polymerizing lysine or its reactive equivalent with the dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent in neat or in a suitable reaction medium, whereby the dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent may be present from the beginning of the reaction or added in portions, semi-continuously or continuously during the reaction, and optionally acylating the lysine-based polymer as obtained. The polymerization and subsequent reaction are generally carried out under heating, for example at a temperature of at least 140 ℃.
[0070] In one specific embodiment, the present invention provides a novel lysine-based polymer, containing (A) lysine structural units and (B) dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I)
[0071] wherein
[0072] R is an aliphatic linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,
[0073] * denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage,
[0074] Wherein the dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) is the structural units derived from copolymerization of dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is azelaic acid or its reactive equivalent, sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent, or a combination thereof; preferably sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent;
[0075] wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified;
[0076] wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60: 40 to 95: 5, preferably from 70 : 30 to 95 : 5, more preferably from 75: 25 to 92: 8 as measured by 1H NMR, and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 600 g / mol to 8500 g / mol.
[0077] Still in this specific embodiment, the present invention provides a laundry detergent composition comprising this novel lysine-based copolymer as described in the above paragraph.
[0078] <Laundry Detergent Composition>
[0079] There is no particular restriction to the formulation of the laundry detergent composition.
[0080] Any conventional formulations of a laundry detergent composition may be applied for the present invention as base formulation, including formulations without polymeric additives and formulations that do already contain other polymeric additives, irrespective of their biodegradability profile and / or origin. Therefore, the inventive laundry detergent compositions may either contain only the inventive lysine-based polymer or combinations of the lysine-based polymer and other biodegradable or non-biodegradable, biobased or non-biobased polymers.
[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the laundry detergent composition according to the present invention is a liquid laundry detergent composition.
[0082] In some embodiments of the present invention, the laundry detergent composition comprises the lysine-based polymer in an amount of 0.5%to 30%by weight, preferably 1%to 25%by weight, and more preferably 1%to 15%by weight, for example 1%to 10%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.
[0083] Alternatively, or additionally, the laundry detergent composition comprises the lysine-based polymer in an amount of 0.5%to 15%by weight, preferably 1%to 10%by weight, and more preferably 1%to 5%by weight, based on the total weight of the laundry detergent composition.
[0084] As the essential component providing the detergency for the laundry detergent composition, at least one of cationic, anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants may be comprised, preferably at least one anionic surfactant.
[0085] Nonionic Surfactants
[0086] Useful nonionic surfactants may include but are not limited to condensation products of (1) alcohols with ethylene oxide, of (2) alcohols with ethylene oxide and a further alkylene oxide, of (3) polypropylene glycol with ethylene oxide or of (4) ethylene oxide with a reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene oxide, fatty acid amides, and semipolar nonionic surfactants.
[0087] Condensation product of alcohols with ethylene oxide derives for example from alcohols having a C8-C22-alkyl group, preferably a C10-C18-alkyl group, which may be linear or branched, primary or secondary. The alcohols are condensed with about 1 to 25 mol and preferably with about 3 to 18 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
[0088] Condensation products of alcohols with ethylene oxide and a further alkylene oxide may be constructed according to the scheme R-O-EO-AO or R-O-AO-EO, where R is a primary or secondary, branched or linear C8-C22-alkyl group, preferably a C10-C18-alkyl group, EO is ethylene oxide and AO comprises an alkylene oxide, preferably propylene oxide, butylene oxide or pentylene oxide.
[0089] Condensation products of polypropylene glycol with ethylene oxide comprise a hydrophobic moiety preferably having a molecular weight of from about 1, 500 to about 1, 800. The addition of up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide onto this hydrophobic moiety leads to amphiphilic compounds.
[0090] Condensation products of ethylene oxide with a reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene oxide comprises a hydrophobic moiety consisting of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene oxide and generally having a molecular weight of from about 2,500 to about 3,000. Ethylene oxide is added up to a content, based on the hydrophobic unit, of about 40%to about 80%by weight of polyoxyethylene and a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000.
[0091] Fatty acid amides may be those of following formula
[0092] where
[0093] R1 is an alkyl radical having 7 to 21 and preferably 9 to 17 carbon atoms, and
[0094] R2, independently from each other, is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl or (C2H4O) xH where x varies from 1 to 3.
[0095] Preference is given to C8-C20-fatty acid amides such as monoethanolamides, diethanolamides and diisopropanolamides.
[0096] As the semipolar nonionic surfactants, water-soluble amine oxides, water-soluble phosphine oxides and water-soluble sulfoxides each having at least one C8-C18-alkyl group, preferably C10-C14-alkyl group may be mentioned. Preference is given to C10-C12-alkoxyethyldihydroxyethylamine oxides.
[0097] In some embodiments, weakly foaming or low-foam nonionic surfactants are preferable, for example in automatic dishwashing compositions. Particularly, following nonionic surfactants of the formulae (I) , (II) and (III) may be mentioned, R1’ -O- (CH2CH2O) a- (CHR2’ CH2O) b-R3 (I) ,
[0098] where
[0099] R1’ is a linear or branched C8-C22-alkyl radical,
[0100] R2'a nd R3, independently of one another, are hydrogen or a linear or branched C1-C10-alkyl radical, where R2 is preferably methyl, and
[0101] a and b, independently of one another, are 0 to 300; R4-O- [CH2CH (CH3) O] c [CH2CH2O] d [CH2CH (CH3) O] eCH2CH (OH) R5 (II) ,
[0102] where
[0103] R4 is a linear or branched aliphatic C4-C22-hydrocarbyl radical or mixtures thereof,
[0104] R5 is a linear or branched C2-C26-hydrocarbyl radical or mixtures thereof,
[0105] c and e are values between 0 and 40, and
[0106] d is a value of at least 15; R6O- (CH2CHR7O) f (CH2CH2O) g (CH2CHR8O) h-CO-R9 (III) ,
[0107] where
[0108] R6 is a branched or unbranched C8-C16-alkyl radical,
[0109] R7, R8, independently of one another, are H or a branched or unbranched C1-C5-alkyl radical,
[0110] R9 is an unbranched C5-C17-alkyl radical,
[0111] f, h, independently of one another, are a number from 1 to 5, and
[0112] g is a number from 13 to 35.
[0113] The surfactants of the formulae (I) , (II) and (III) can either be random copolymers or block copolymers, preferably in the form of block copolymers, as described in US9796951B2, which will be incorporated herein by reference.
[0114] Anionic Surfactants
[0115] Useful anionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to, alkenyl-or alkyl benzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl carboxylates (soap) . The counter-ions present may be alkali metal cations, preferably sodium or potassium, alkaline earth metal cations, for example calcium or magnesium, or ammonium and substituted ammonium compounds, for example mono-, di-or tri-ethanol ammonium cations and mixtures of the aforementioned cations therefrom.
[0116] Alkenyl-or alkyl benzenesulfonates may comprise a branched or linear, optionally hydroxyl-substituted alkenyl or alkyl group, preferably linear C9-C25-alkyl group.
[0117] Alkane sulfonates are available on a large industrial scale in the form of secondary alkanesulfonates where the sulfo group is attached to a secondary carbon atom of the alkyl moiety. The alkyl can in principle be saturated, unsaturated, branched or linear and optionally hydroxyl substituted. Preferred secondary alkane sulfonates comprise linear C9-C25-alkyl radicals, preferably C10-C20-alkyl radicals and more preferably C12-C18-alkyl radicals.
[0118] Olefinsulfonates are obtained by sulfonation of C8-C24 and preferably C14-C16-α-olefins with sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization. Owing to their production process, these olefinsulfonates may comprise minor amounts of hydroxy alkanesulfonates and alkanedisulfonates.
[0119] Alkyl ester sulfonates derive for example from linear ester of C8-C20-carboxylic acids, i.e., fatty acids, which are sulfonated with sulfur trioxide. Compounds of following formula are preferred
[0120] where
[0121] R’ is a C8-C20-alkyl radical, preferably C10-C16-alkyl and R” is a C1-C6-alkyl, preferably a methyl, ethyl or isopropyl group. Particular preference is given to methyl ester sulfonates where R1 is C10-C16-alkyl.
[0122] Alkyl sulfates are surfactants of the formula ROSO3M’ , where R is C10-C24-alkyl and preferably C12-C18-alkyl. M’ is a counter-ion as described at the beginning for anionic surfactants.
[0123] Alkyl ether sulfates have the general structure RO (A) mSO3M, where R is a C10-C24-alkyl and preferably C12-C18-alkyl, where A is an alkoxy unit, preferably ethoxy and m is a value from about 0.5 to about 6, preferably between about 1 and about 3, and M is a cation, for example sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium or a substituted ammonium cation.
[0124] Alkyl carboxylates are generally known by the term “soap” . Soap can be manufactured on the basis of saturated or unsaturated, preferably natural, linear C8-C18-fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid soaps include for example the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids. Known alkenylsuccinic acid salts may also be used together with soap or as substitutes for soap. Further anionic surfactant are salts of acylamino carboxylic acids, acyl sarcosinates, fatty acid-protein condensation products obtained by reaction of fatty acid chlorides with oligopeptides; salts of alkylsulfamido carboxylic acids; salts of alkyl and alkylary ether carboxylic acids; sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl and alkenyl glycerol sulfates, such as oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates, such as acyl isethionates, N-acyltaurides, alkyl succinates, sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (particularly saturated and unsaturated C12-C18-monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (particularly saturated and unsaturated C12-C18-diesters) , sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as sulfates of alkylpolyglycosides and alkypolysaccharides such as sulfates of alkylpolyglycosides and alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO (CH2CH2) kCH2COOM, where R is C8-C22-alkyl, k is a number from 0 to 10 and M is a cation.
[0125] Cationic surfactants
[0126] Useful cationic surfactants may be substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched quaternary ammonium salts of R1” N (CH3) 3+X-, R1” R2” N (CH3) 2+X-, R1” R2” R3” N (CH3) +X-or R1”R2” R3” R4” N+X-, where R1” , R2” , R3” and R4” independently from each other are unsubstituted C8-C24-alkyl and preferably C8-C18-alkyl, hydroxylalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C7-C24-aralkyl, (C2H4O) xH where x is from about 1 to about 3, the alkyl radical optionally comprising one or more ester groups, and X is a suitable anion. Useful cationic surfactants may also be cyclic quaternary ammonium salts.
[0127] Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants -which may be employed also in combinations of more than one other surfactant -include: the quaternary ammonium surfactants, which can have up to 26 carbon atoms include: alkoxylated quaternary ammonium (AQA) surfactants as discussed in US 6,136,769; dimethyl hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium as discussed in US 6,004,922; dimethyl hydroxyethyl lauryl ammonium chloride; polyamine cationic surfactants as discussed in WO 98 / 35002, WO 98 / 35003, WO 98 / 35004, WO 98 / 35005, and WO 98 / 35006; cationic ester surfactants as discussed in US patents Nos. 4,228,042, 4,239,660 4,260,529 and US 6,022,844; and amino surfactants as discussed in US 6,221,825 and WO 00 / 47708, specifically amido propyldimethyl amine (APA) .
[0128] Amphoteric / Zwitterionic surfactants
[0129] Useful amphoteric surfactants may be aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic radical may be straight or branched-chain and where one of the aliphatic substituents contains at least about 8 carbon atoms, or from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and at least one of the aliphatic substituents contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. Suitable amphoteric surfactants also include sarcosinates, glycinates, taurinates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of the species as the amphoteric surfactants are known in the art, for example from WO2005095569A1.
[0130] Non-limiting examples of amphoteric surfactants -which may be employed also in combinations of more than one other surfactant -include: water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl moieties and hydroxyalkyl moieties containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl moieties and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms. See WO 01 / 32816, US 4, 681, 704, and US 4, 133, 779. Suitable surfactants include thus so-called amine oxides, such as lauryl dimethyl amine oxide ( “lauramine oxide” ) .
[0131] Preferable examples of amphoteric surfactants are amine oxides. Preferable amine oxides are alkyl dimethyl amine oxides or alkyl amido propyl dimethyl amine oxides, more preferably alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and especially coco dimethyl amino oxides. Amine oxides may have a linear or mid-branched alkyl moiety. Typical linear amine oxides include water-soluble amine oxides containing one R1 = C8-18 alkyl moiety and two R2 and R3 moieties selected from the group consisting of C1-C3 alkyl groups and C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl groups. Preferably, the amine oxide is characterized by the formula R1-N (R2) (R3) -O
[0132] wherein R1 is a C8-18 alkyl and R2 and R3 are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl and 3-hydroxypropyl. The linear amine oxide surfactants in particular may include linear C10-C18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and linear C8-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides. Preferable amine oxides include linear C10, linear C10-C12, and linear C12-C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides. As used herein "mid-branched" means that the amine oxide has one alkyl moiety having n1 carbon atoms with one alkyl branch on the alkyl moiety having n2 carbon atoms. The alkyl branch is located on the alpha carbon from the nitrogen on the alkyl moiety. This type of branching for the amine oxide is also known in the art as an internal amine oxide. The total sum of n1 and n2 is from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 20, and more preferably from 10 to 16. The number of carbon atoms for the one alkyl moiety (n1) should be approximately the same number of carbon atoms as the one alkyl branch (n2) such that the one alkyl moiety and the one alkyl branch are symmetric. As used herein "symmetric" means that (n1-n2) is less than or equal to 5, preferably 4, most preferably from 0 to 4 carbon atoms in at least 50 wt%, more preferably at least 75 wt%to 100 wt%of the mid-branched amine oxides for use herein. The amine oxide further comprises two moieties, independently selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, a C1-C3 hydroxyalkyl group, or a polyethylene oxide group containing an average of from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups. Preferably the two moieties are selected from a C1-C3 alkyl, more preferably both are selected as a C1 alkyl.
[0133] In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, amphoteric surfactants are selected from C8-C18 alkyl-dimethyl aminoxides and C8-C18 alkyl-di (hydroxyethyl) aminoxide.
[0134] Useful zwitterionic surfactants may be derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Suitable Examples of zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, betaines such as alkylbetaines and alkylamide betaines, such as N-alkyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethylbetaines, N- (alkylamidopropyl) -N, N-dimethyl-N-carboxymethylbetaines, alkyldipolyethoxybetains, alkylamine oxides, and sulfo and hydroxy betaines such as N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammino-1-propane sulfonate, each having a linear or branched C8-C22-alkyl, preferably C8-C18-alkyl radical and more preferably C12-C18-alkyl.
[0135] Suitable zwitterionic surfactants include betaines, such as alkyl betaines, alkylamidobetaine, amidazoliniumbetaine, sulfobetaine (INCI Sultaines) as well as the phosphobetaines. Examples of suitable betaines and sulfobetaines are the following (designated in accordance with INCI) : Almond amidopropyl of betaines, Apricotamidopropyl betaines, Avocadamidopropyl of betaines, Babassuamidopropyl of betaines, Behenamidopropyl betaines, Behenyl of betaines, Canol amidopropyl betaines, Capryl / Capramidopropyl betaines, Carnitine, Cetyl of betaines, Cocamidoethyl of betaines, Cocamidopropyl betaines, Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Coco betaines, Coco Hydroxysultaine, Coco / Oleam idopropyl betaines, Coco Sultaine, Decyl of betaines, Dihydroxyethyl Oleyl Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Soy Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Stearyl Glycinate, Dihydroxyethyl Tallow Glycinate, Dimethicone Propyl of PG-betaines, Erucamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Hydrogenated Tallow of betaines, Isostearamid-opropyl betaines, Lauramidopropyl betaines, Lauryl of betaines, Lauryl Hydroxysultaine, Lauryl Sultaine, MiIkamidopropyl betaines, Minkamidopropyl of betaines, Myristamidopropyl betaines, Myristyl of betaines, Oleamidopropyl betaines, Oleamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Oleyl of betaines, Olivamidopropyl of betaines, Palmamidopropyl betaines, Palmitamidopropyl betaines, Palmitoyl Carnitine, Palm Kernelamidopropyl betaines, Polytetrafluoroethylene Acetoxypropyl of betaines, Ricinoleam idopropyl betaines, Sesamidopropyl betaines, Soyamidopropyl betaines, Stearamidopropyl betaines, Stearyl of betaines, Tallowamidopropyl betaines, Tallowamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, Tallow of betaines, Tallow Dihydroxyethyl of betaines, Undecylenamidopropyl betaines and Wheat Germamidopropyl betaines.
[0136] Preferable betaines are, for example, C12-C18-alkylbetaines and sulfobetaines. The zwitterionic surfactant preferably is a betaine surfactant, more preferable a Cocoamidopropylbetaine surfactant.
[0137] In some embodiments, the laundry detergent composition of the present invention may comprise at least one surfactant selected from anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants, particularly at least one surfactant selected from anionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants.
[0138] In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the laundry detergent composition may comprise at least one anionic surfactant.
[0139] The laundry detergent composition may comprise 1%to 80 %by weight, preferably 10%to 80%by weight, more preferably 30%to 80%by weight of the at least one surfactant, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.
[0140] Alternatively, or additionally, the laundry detergent composition may comprise 1%to 50%by weight, preferably 3%to 40%by weight, more preferably 10%to 30%by weight of the at least one surfactant, based on the total weight of the laundry detergent composition.
[0141] Auxiliaries
[0142] The laundry detergent composition may further comprise customary auxiliaries which serve to modify the performance characteristics of the laundry detergent composition.
[0143] Suitable auxiliaries for the laundry detergent compositions may include, but are not limited to, builder, ion exchange agent, precipitating agent, bleaching agent, bleach activators, corrosion inhibitor, foam boosters, antifoams, dyes, fillers, color care agent, optical brightener, disinfectant, enzyme, antimicrobial agent, alkalis, antioxidant, thickener, perfume, solvent, solubilizer, softener and antistatic agent. By way of example, some auxiliaries will be described hereinbelow.
[0144] Generally, the laundry detergent composition may comprise at least one builder selected from organic and inorganic builders. Examples of suitable inorganic builders are sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate or silicates, in particular sodium disilicate and sodium metasilicate, zeolites, sheet silicates, in particular those of the formula α-Na2Si2O5, β-Na2Si2O5, and δ-Na2Si2O5. Examples of suitable organic builders are fatty acid sulfonates, α-hydroxypropionic acid, alkali metal malonates, fatty acid sulfonates, alkyl and alkenyl disuccinates, tartaric acid diacetate, tartaric acid monoacetate, oxidized starch, methylglycinediacetic acid and its alkali salts, especially Na-salts, N, N-dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid and its alkali salts, especially Na-salts, citric acid and its Na-salts, and polymeric builders, for example polycarboxylates, polyepoxysuccinic acid, carboxymethylinulin and polyaspartic acid.
[0145] The laundry detergent composition may comprise the builder, for example, in a total amount of 10%to 70%by weight, preferably up to 50%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition. In the context of the present invention, the lysine-based polymer according as described in the present invention is not counted as the builder.
[0146] The laundry detergent composition according to the invention can comprise one or more alkali carriers. Alkali carriers ensure, for example, a pH of at least 9 if an alkaline pH is desired. Of suitability are, for example, the alkali metal carbonates, the alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, and alkali metal metasilicates mentioned above, and, additionally, alkali metal hydroxides. A preferable alkali metal is in each case potassium, particular preference being given to sodium. In one embodiment, a pH >7 is adjusted by using amines, preferably alkanolamines, more preferably triethanolamine.
[0147] In one embodiment, the laundry detergent composition according to the present invention may comprise additionally at least one enzyme.
[0148] Preferably, the at least one enzyme is a detergent enzyme.
[0149] In one embodiment, the enzyme is classified as an oxidoreductase (EC 1) , a transferase (EC 2) , a hydrolase (EC 3) , a lyase (EC 4) , an isomerase (EC 5) , or a ligase (EC 6) (the EC-numbering is according to Enzyme Nomenclature, Recommendations (1992) of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology including its supplements published 1993-1999) . Preferably, the enzyme is a hydrolase (EC 3) .
[0150] In a preferable embodiment, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, mannanases, hemicellulases, phospholipases, esterases, pectinases, lactases, peroxidases, xylanases, cutinases, pectate lyases, keratinases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, beta-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidases, chondroitinases, laccases, nucleases, DNase, phosphodiesterases, phytases, carbohydrases, galactanases, xanthanases, xyloglucanases, oxidoreductase, perhydrolases, aminopeptidase, asparaginase, carbohydrase, carboxypeptidase, catalase, chitinase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, glucoamylase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, invertase, ribonuclease, transglutaminase, and dispersins, and combinations of at least two of the foregoing types. More preferably, the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, mannanases, xylanases, DNases, dispersins, pectinases, oxidoreductases, and cutinases, and combinations of at least two of the foregoing types. Most preferably, the enzyme is a protease, preferably, a serine protease, more preferably, a subtilisin protease.
[0151] Such enzyme (s) can be incorporated into the composition at levels sufficient to provide an effective amount for achieving a beneficial effect, preferably for primary washing effects and / or secondary washing effects, like antigreying or antipilling effects (e.g., in case of cellulases) . Preferably, the enzyme is present in the composition at levels from about 0.00001%to about 5%, preferably from about 0.00001%to about 2%, more preferably from about 0.0001%to about 1%, or even more preferably from about 0.001%to about 0.5%enzyme protein by weight of the composition.
[0152] Preferably, the enzyme-containing composition further comprises an enzyme stabilizing system. The enzyme-containing composition described herein comprises from about 0.001%to about 10%, from about 0.005%to about 8%, or from about 0.01%to about 6%, by weight of the composition, of an enzyme stabilizing system. The enzyme stabilizing system can be any stabilizing system which is compatible with the enzyme.
[0153] Preferably, the enzyme stabilizing system comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyols (preferably, 1, 3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-propanediol, or sorbitol) , salts (preferably, CaCl2, MgCl2, or NaCl) , short chain (preferably, C1-C6) carboxylic acids (preferably, formic acid, formate (preferably, sodium formate) , acetic acid, acetate, or lactate) , borate, boric acid, boronic acids (preferably, 4-formyl phenylboronic acid (4-FPBA) ) , peptide aldehydes, peptide acetals, and peptide aldehyde hydrosulfite adducts. Preferably, the enzyme stabilizing system comprises a combination of at least two of the compounds selected from the group consisting of salts, polyols, and short chain carboxylic acids and preferably one or more of the compounds selected from the group consisting of borate, boric acid, boronic acids (preferably, 4-formyl phenylboronic acid (4-FPBA) ) , peptide aldehydes, peptide acetals, and peptide aldehyde hydrosulfite adducts. In particular, if proteases are present in the composition, protease inhibitors may be added, preferably selected from borate, boric acid, boronic acids (preferably, 4-FPBA) , peptide aldehydes (preferably, peptide aldehydes like Z-VAL-H or Z-GAY-H) , peptide acetals, and peptide aldehyde hydrosulfite adducts.
[0154] The laundry detergent composition may comprise at least one antifoam, selected for example from silicone oils and paraffin oils. The antifoams may be in a total amount of 0.05%to 0.5%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.
[0155] The laundry detergent composition may comprise at least one bleaching agent. The bleaching agent may be selected from chlorine bleach and peroxide bleach.
[0156] Peroxide bleach may be selected from inorganic peroxide bleach and organic peroxide bleach. Preferable inorganic peroxide bleaches are selected from alkali metal percarbonate, alkali metal perborate and alkali metal persulfate. In solid detergent compositions for hard surface cleaning and in solid laundry detergent compositions, alkali metal percarbonates, especially sodium percarbonates, are preferably used in coated form. Such coatings may be of organic or inorganic nature. Examples are glycerol, sodium sulfate, silicate, sodium carbonate, and combinations thereof, for example combinations of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate. Examples of organic peroxide bleaching agents are percarboxylic acids.
[0157] Suitable chlorine-containing bleaches are, for example, 1, 3-dichloro-5, 5-dimethylhydantoin, N-chlorosulfamide, chloramine T, chloramine B, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, potassium dichloroisocyanurate and sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The laundry detergent composition and the laundry detergent compositions for cleaners may comprise the chlorine-containing bleach, for example, in a total amount of from 3%to 10%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.
[0158] The laundry detergent composition may comprise one or more bleach catalysts. Bleach catalysts can be selected from oxaziridinium-based bleach catalysts, bleach-boosting transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, manganese-, iron-, cobalt-, ruthenium-or molybdenum-salen complexes or carbonyl complexes. Manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium and copper complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands and also cobalt-, iron-, copper-and ruthenium-amine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
[0159] The laundry detergent composition may also comprise at least one bleach activator for example N-methylmorpholinium-acetonitrile salts ( "MMA salts" ) , tri-methylammonium acetonitrile salts, N-acylimides such as N-nonanoylsuccinimide, 1, 5-diacetyl-2, 2-dioxohexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine ( "DADHT" ) or nitrile quats (trimethylammonium acetonitrile salts) . Further examples of bleach activators are tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and tetraacetylhexylenediamine.
[0160] The laundry detergent composition may comprise at least one corrosion inhibitor. Examples of suitable corrosion inhibitors are triazoles, in particular benzotriazoles, bisbenzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, alkylaminotriazoles, phenol derivatives such as hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucinol or pyrogallol. The laundry detergent composition may comprise the corrosion inhibitor in a total amount of 0.1%to 1.5%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.
[0161] The laundry detergent composition according to the invention may also comprise further cleaning polymers and / or other soil release polymers and / or anti-greying polymers.
[0162] The additional cleaning polymers may include, without limitation, “multifunctional alkoxylated polyethylene imines” (for example BASF’s HP20) , “multifunctional alkoxylated di-and oligoamines” (for example BASF’s HP96) , alkoxylated trialkanolamines, BASF’s SR400 A and also terephthalic acid-based polyesters like Clariant’s such as SRN 170, SRN 172, SRN 260, SRN 260 SG Terra and SRA 300 as well as distinct combinations of all of the before mentioned polymers.
[0163] Suitable multifunctional alkoxylated polyethylene imines are typically ethoxylated polyethylene imines with a weight-average molecular weight Mw in the range from 3000 to 250000, preferably 5000 to 200000, more preferably 8000 to 100000, more preferably 8000 to 50000, more preferably 10000 to 30000, and most preferably 10000 to 20000 g / mol. Suitable multifunctional alkoxylated polyethylene imines have 80 wt%to 99 wt%, preferably 85 wt%to 99 wt%, more preferably 90 wt%to 98 wt%, most preferably 93 wt%to 97 wt%or 94 wt%to 96 wt%ethylene oxide side chains, based on the total weight of the materials. Ethoxylated polyethylene imines are typically based on a polyethylene imine core and a polyethylene oxide shell. Suitable polyethylene imine core molecules are polyethylene imines with a weight-average molecular weight Mw in the range of 500 to 5000 g / mol. Preferably employed is a molecular weight from 500 to 1000 g / mol, even more preferable is a Mw of 600 to 800 g / mol. The ethoxylated polymer then has on average 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 35 and even more preferably 20 to 35 ethylene oxide (EO) units per NH-functional group.
[0164] Suitable multifunctional alkoxylated diamines are typically ethoxylated C2-C12 alkylene diamines, preferably hexamethylene diamine, which are further quaternized and optionally sulfated. Typical multifunctional alkoxylated diamines have a weight-average molecular weight Mw in the range from 2,000 to 10,000, more preferably 3,000 to 8,000, and most preferably 4,000 to 6,000 g / mol. In a preferable embodiment of the invention, ethoxylated hexamethylene diamine, furthermore quaternized and sulfated, may be employed, which contains on average 10 to 50, preferably 15 to 40 and even more preferably 20 to 30 ethylene oxide (EO) groups per NH-functional group, and which preferably bears two cationic ammonium groups and two anionic sulfate groups.
[0165] Other suitable cleaning polymers are multifunctional alkoxylated oligoamines which are further quaternized and sulfated, e.g., the ones described in WO 2021239547 A1, especially examples P1-P6, and / or in WO 2023227332.
[0166] Suitable alkoxylated trialkanolamines are typically block-wise ethoxylated and propoxylated trialkanolamines such as triethanolamine, ethoxylated and propoxylated (for example BASF’s Ecoboost) .
[0167] In a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the laundry detergent composition may contain at least one multifunctional alkoxylated polyethylene imine and / or at least one multifunctional alkoxylated di-or oligoamine to improve the cleaning performance, such as preferably improve the stain removal ability, especially the primary detergency of particulate stains on polyester fabrics of laundry detergents. The multifunctional polyethylene imines or multifunctional di-or oligoamines or mixtures thereof according to the descriptions above may be added to the laundry detergent composition in amounts of generally from 0.05 to 15 wt%, preferably from 0.1 to 10 wt%and more preferably from 0.25 to 5 wt%and even as low as up to 2 wt%, based on the particular overall composition, including other components and water and / or solvents.
[0168] In another preferable embodiment of the present invention, the laundry detergent composition may contain at least one terephthalic acid-based polyester, employed as soil release polymer, to improve the whiteness of the fabrics after the wash, especially the whiteness of polyester fabrics.
[0169] The laundry detergent composition according to the present invention may also comprise at least one complexing agent.
[0170] Preferable complexing agents are methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) and glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) and salts thereof. Particularly preferable complexing agents are methylglycinediacetic acid and salts thereof. According to the invention, preference is given to from 1%to 50%, preferably 1%to 20%, by weight of complexing agents.
[0171] MGDA and GLDA can be present as racemate or as enantiomerically pure compound. GLDA is preferably selected from L-GLDA or enantiomerically enriched mixtures of L-GLDA in which at least 80 mol%, preferably at least 90 mol%, of L-GLDA is present.
[0172] In one embodiment of the present invention, complexing agent is racemic MGDA. In another embodiment of the present invention, complexing agent is selected from L-MGDA and from enantiomer mixtures of L-and D-MGDA in which L-MGDA predominates and in which the L / D molar ratio is in the range from 55 : 45 to 95 : 5, preferably 60 : 40 to 85 : 15. The L / D molar ratio can be determined for example by polarimetry or by chromatographic means, preferably by HPLC with a chiral column, for example with cyclodextrin as stationary phase or with an optically active ammonium salt immobilized on the column. For example, it is possible to use an immobilized D-penicillamine salt.
[0173] MGDA or GLDA is preferably used as salts. Preferable salts are ammonium salts and alkali metal salts, particularly preferably the potassium and in particular the sodium salts. These can for example have the general formula (CA I) or (CA II) : [CH3-CH (COO) -N (CH2-COO) 2] Na3-x-yKxHy (CA I)
[0174] x in the range from 0.0 to 0.5, preferably up to 0.25,
[0175] y in the range from 0.0 to 0.5, preferably up to 0.25, [OOC- (CH2) 2-CH (COO) -N (CH2-COO) 2] Na4-x-yKxHy (CA II)
[0176] x in the range from 0.0 to 0.5, preferably up to 0.25,
[0177] y in the range from 0.0 to 0.5, preferably up to 0.25.
[0178] Very particular preference is given to the trisodium salt of MGDA and the tetrasodium salt of GLDA.
[0179] The detergent compositions according to the present invention may also comprise at least one antimicrobial agent and / or preservative.
[0180] An antimicrobial agent is a chemical compound that kills microorganisms or inhibits their growth or reproduction. Microorganisms can be bacteria, yeasts or molds.
[0181] A preservative is an antimicrobial agent which may be added to aqueous products and compositions to maintain the original performance, characteristics and integrity of the products and compositions by killing contaminating microorganisms or inhibiting their growth. Examples of preservatives are as listed on pages 35 to 39 in patent application WO2021 / 115912 A1.
[0182] Especially of interest are the following antimicrobial agents and / or preservatives:
[0183] · 4, 4’ -dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether (Synonyms: 5-chloro-2- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenol, Diclosan, DCPP) ;
[0184] · 2-Phenoxyethanol (Synonyms: Phenoxyethanol, Methylphenylglycol, Phenoxetol, ethylene glycol phenyl ether, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, 2- (phenoxy) ethanol, 2-phenoxy-1-ethanol) ;
[0185] · 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol (Synonyms: 2-bromo-2-nitro-1, 3-propanediol, Bronopol) ;
[0186] · Glutaraldehyde (Synonyms: 1-5-pentandial, pentane-1, 5-dial, glutaral, glutardialdehyde) ;
[0187] · Glyoxal (Synonyms: ethandial, oxylaldehyde, 1, 2-ethandial) ;
[0188] · 2-butyl-benzo [d] isothiazol-3-one (BBIT) ;
[0189] · 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) ;
[0190] · 2-octyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (OIT) ;
[0191] · 5-Chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (CIT or CMIT) ;
[0192] · Mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (CMIT) and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (Mixture of CMIT / MIT) ;
[0193] · 1, 2-benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one (BIT) ;
[0194] · Hexa-2, 4-dienoic acid (trivial name “sorbic acid” ) and its salts, e.g., calcium sorbate, sodium sorbate; potassium (E, E) -hexa-2, 4-dienoate (Potassium Sorbate) ;
[0195] · Lactic acid and its salts; L- (+) -lactic acid; especially sodium lactate;
[0196] · Benzoic acid and salts of benzoic acid, e.g., sodium benzoate, ammonium benzoate, calcium benzoate, magnesium benzoate, MEA-benzoate, potassium benzoate;
[0197] · Salicylic acid and its salts, e.g., calcium salicylate, magnesium salicylate, MEA salicylate, sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, TEA salicylate;
[0198] · Benzalkonium chloride, benzalkonium bromide, benzalkonium saccharinate;
[0199] · Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) ;
[0200] · N- (3-aminopropyl) -N-dodecylpropane-1, 3-diamine (Diamine) ;
[0201] · Peracetic acid; and
[0202] · Hydrogen peroxide.
[0203] The at least one antimicrobial agent or preservative may be added in the detergent composition in an amount of 0.0001 to 10%based on the total weight of the composition.
[0204] Preferably, the detergent composition comprises 2-phenoxyethanol in an amount of 2ppm to 5%, preferably 0.1 to 2%, or 4, 4’ -dichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether (DCPP) in an amount of 0.001 to 3%, preferably 0.002 to 1%, more preferably 0.01 to 0.6%, based on the total weight of the composition.
[0205] Compositions according to the invention may also comprise water and / or additional organic solvents, e.g., ethanol or propylene glycol, and / or fillers such as sodium sulfate.
[0206] Further optional ingredients may be but are not limited to viscosity modifiers, cationic surfactants, foam boosting or foam reducing agents, perfumes, dyes, optical brighteners, and dye transfer inhibiting agents.
[0207] Suitable species and dosages of the conventional auxiliaries for a laundry detergent composition are well-known in the art and may be found in for example WO 2017174413A1, WO 2015187757A1, US9796951B2 and US20190136152A1.
[0208] The present invention also relates to use of the lysine-based polymer as described herein in laundry detergent compositions for improving primary and / or secondary detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.
[0209] Further, the present invention relates to a method for preparing laundry detergent compositions, which includes a step of combining at least one surfactant, the lysine-based polymer as described herein, and optionally at least one other auxiliary, in a solvent, generally water.
[0210] Embodiments
[0211] Various embodiments are listed below. It will be understood that the embodiments listed below may be combined with all aspects and other embodiments in accordance with the scope of the invention.
[0212] Embodiment 1: A laundry detergent composition, which comprises a lysine-based polymer containing (A) lysine structural units and (B) dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I)
[0213] wherein
[0214] R is an aliphatic linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,
[0215] * denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage,
[0216] wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60 : 40 to 95 : 5, preferably from 70 : 30 to 95 : 5 as measured by 1H NMR, and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.
[0217] Embodiment 2: The laundry detergent composition according to Embodiment 1, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 75 : 25 to 92 : 8.
[0218] Embodiment 3: The laundry detergent composition according to Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of from 600 g / mol to 8, 500 g / mol.
[0219] Embodiment 4: The laundry detergent composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of from 300 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol, preferably from 400 g / mol to 2, 500 g / mol.
[0220] Embodiment 5: The laundry detergent composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified.
[0221] Embodiment 6: The laundry detergent composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the lysine-based polymer has been modified by acylation of lysine structural units with a C5-C22 preferably C8-C22, more preferably C12-C22, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group.
[0222] Embodiment 7: The laundry detergent composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a degree of modification (DM) by acylation of lysine structural units in the range of from 0 to 50%, preferably from 0 to 15%, more preferably from 0 to 10%.
[0223] Embodiment 8: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments, wherein in formula (I) , R is C2-C12 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene, preferably R is C6-C10-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C2-C14 alkenyl, even more preferably R is C7-C8-alkylene which is unsubstituted.
[0224] Embodiment 9: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments, wherein the dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) is the structural units derived from copolymerization of dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is azelaic acid or its reactive equivalent, sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent; wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified.
[0225] Embodiment 10: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments 1 to 9, which is a liquid laundry detergent composition.
[0226] Embodiment 11: The laundry detergent composition according to Embodiment 10, further comprising at least one anionic surfactant and water.
[0227] Embodiment 12: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments 1 to 11, which comprises the lysine-based polymer in an amount of 0.5%to 30%by weight, preferably 1%to 25%by weight, and more preferably 1%to 15%by weight, for example 1%to 10%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.
[0228] Embodiment 13: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments 1 to 12, which comprises at least one enzyme, preferably at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, mannanases, xylanases, DNases, dispersins, pectinases, oxidoreductases, and cutinases.
[0229] Embodiment 14: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments 1 to 13, which comprises 2-phenoxyethanol as antimicrobial agent, preferably in an amount ranging from 2 ppm to 5%by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.1%to 2%of phenoxyethanol, based on the weight of the composition.
[0230] Embodiment 15: The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments 1 to 14, which comprises 4, 4’ -dichoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether as antimicrobial agent, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.001%to 3%, preferably from 0.002%to 1%, more preferably from 0.01%to 0.6%, based on the weight of the composition.
[0231] Embodiment 16: A lysine-based polymer, containing (A) lysine structural units and (B) dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I)
[0232] wherein
[0233] R is an aliphatic linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,
[0234] * denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage,
[0235] Wherein the dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) is the structural units derived from copolymerization of dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is azelaic acid or its reactive equivalent, sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent, or a combination thereof; preferably sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent;
[0236] wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified;
[0237] wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60: 40 to 95: 5, preferably from 70 : 30 to 95 : 5, more preferably from 75: 25 to 92: 8 as measured by 1H NMR, and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 600 g / mol to 8500 g / mol.
[0238] Embodiment 16: Use of the lysine-based polymer as defined in any of Embodiments 1 to 9 and 16 in laundry detergent compositions for improving detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.
[0239] Embodiment 17: A method for preparing laundry detergent compositions, which includes a step of combining at least one anionic surfactant, the lysine-based polymer as defined in any of Embodiments 1 to 9 and 16, and optionally at least one other auxiliary, in a solvent, generally water.
[0240] Embodiment 18: A method of preserving an aqueous laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding Embodiments 1 to 15 against microbial contamination or growth, which includes addition of 2-phenoxyethanol or 4, 4’ -dichoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether as antimicrobial agent in the composition.
[0241] Embodiment 19: A method of laundering fabric, which includes treating a fabric with the laundry detergent composition according to any of Embodiments 1 to 15.
[0242] The following Examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, which however are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0243] Examples
[0244] Description of Materials Used in Examples:
[0245] Anionic surfactant LAS: C10-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt, commercially available from BASF;
[0246] Anionic Surfactant AES: C12C14 fatty alcohol ether sulfate (2EO) , sodium salt, commercially available from BASF;
[0247] Non-ionic Surfactant A7N: C12-C14 fatty alcohol ethoxylate (7EO) , commercially available from BASF;
[0248] Sebum stained fabrics: WFK 10 D (cotton) , WFK 20 D (PES / cotton blend) , WFK 30 D (PES) , commercially available from wfk Testgewebe GmbH, Brüggen, Deutschland;
[0249] Fat stained fabrics: C-S-61 (cotton) , PC-S-61D (PES / cotton blend) , P-S-61 (PES) , commercially available from CFT (Center For Testmaterials B. V., Netherlands) .
[0250] Determination of Molecular Weights
[0251] The weight average (Mw) and number average (Mn) molecular weights of the polymers as obtained in following Examples were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) . The polymers were analyzed in an aqueous eluent containing 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 wt%trifluoroacetic acid through a cascade of columns (namely, TSKgel G4000, G3000, G3000, 300 x 7.8 mm) at 35℃ and flow rate of 0.8 ml / min. For the analysis, the polymers were dissolved in the eluent at the concentration of 1.5 mg / ml at room temperature and filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane, 2 h before injection of 100 μl in an Agilent 1100 chromatographic system. The relative molecular weight was characterized by refractive index detection against a calibration curve obtained with polyvinyl pyrrolidone standards, ranging between 620 and 1,060,000 g / mol.
[0252] Preparation Examples
[0253] Example 1: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 1)
[0254] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 100 g lysine, 2.86 g azelaic acid and 100 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, a solution of 11.44 g azelaic acid in 45.78 g ethanol was dosed constantly over 1 h with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 2 h 15 min, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0255] Finally, 158 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 15.0. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to azelate structural units was 91 : 09 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 912 g / mol and Mw = 2772 g / mol.
[0256] Example 2: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 2)
[0257] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, a solution of 17.88 g azelaic acid in 88.43 g ethanol was dosed constantly over 1 h with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 45 min, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0258] Finally, 226 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 12.5. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to azelate structural units was 91 : 09 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 579 g / mol and Mw = 1090 g / mol.
[0259] Example 3: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 3)
[0260] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 75 g lysine, 6.04 g azelaic acid and 75 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, a solution of 18.11 g azelaic acid in 77.89 g ethanol was dosed constantly over 1 h with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 45 min, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0261] Finally, 162 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 13.4. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to azelate structural units was 83:17 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 682 g / mol and Mw = 1515 g / mol.
[0262] Example 4: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 4)
[0263] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 46.23 g dimethyl azelate was dosed over 5 min with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 1 h, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0264] Finally, 142 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 13.2. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to azelate structural units was 76 : 24 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 657 g / mol and Mw = 1408 g / mol.
[0265] Example 5: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 5)
[0266] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 46.23 g dimethyl azelate was dosed over 5 min with continuous distillate separation.
[0267] Finally, 141 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 11.3. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to azelate structural units was 76 : 24 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 465 g / mol and Mw = 702 g / mol.
[0268] Example 6: Preparation of Modified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 6)
[0269] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 150 g lysine and 150 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 24.66 g dimethyl azelate was dosed over 5 min, followed by 22.20 g octanoic acid dosed over 10 min with continuous distillate separation.
[0270] Finally, 167 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 11.1. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to azelate structural units to octanoate structural units was 83 : 10 : 07 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 718 g / mol and Mw = 1209 g / mol. The degree of modification (DM) as determined by HPLC was 8.43%.
[0271] Example 7: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 7)
[0272] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 21.88 g dimethyl sebacate was dosed over 5 min with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 1 h, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0273] Finally, 141 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 13.3. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to sebacate structural units was 89 : 11 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 923 g / mol and Mw = 2095 g / mol.
[0274] Example 8: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 8)
[0275] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 21.88 g dimethyl sebacate was dosed over 5 min with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 1 h, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0276] Finally, 141 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 14.3. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to sebacate structural units was 87 : 13 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 1040 g / mol and Mw = 2761 g / mol.
[0277] Example 9: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 9)
[0278] A 250 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 50 g lysine, 7.69 g sebacic acid and 50 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃, with continuous water separation. After a reaction time of 1 h 15 min, water was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (800 mbar) .
[0279] Finally, 56 g of water distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 10.2. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to sebacate structural units was 91 : 09 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 614 g / mol and Mw = 820 g / mol.
[0280] Example 10: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 10)
[0281] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 49.23 g dimethyl sebacate was dosed over 5 min with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 2 h 15 min, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0282] Finally, 146 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 17.5. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to sebacate structural units was 81:19 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 1525 g / mol and Mw = 6673 g / mol.
[0283] Example 11: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 11)
[0284] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min. Then, 49.23 g dimethyl sebacate was dosed over 5 min with continuous distillate separation. After a reaction time of 2 h 15 min, the distillate was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (700 mbar) .
[0285] Finally, 145 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 17.0. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to sebacate structural units was 77 : 23 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 1436 g / mol and Mw = 5814 g / mol.
[0286] Example 12: Preparation of Modified Lysine-based Polymer (Copolymer 12)
[0287] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 125 g lysine and 125 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 2 h 15 min with continuous distillate separation. Then, 10.94 g dimethyl sebacate was dosed over 5 min, followed by 9.99 g octenyl succinic anhydride dosed over 10 min.
[0288] Finally, 140 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 12.1. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to sebacate structural units to octenyl succinate structural units was 88 : 06 : 06 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 717 g / mol and Mw = 1372 g / mol.
[0289] Example 13: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Comparative Copolymer 13)
[0290] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 100 g lysine, 11.4 g tartaric acid and 120 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃, with continuous water separation. After a reaction time of 3 h, water was distilled off furtherly under reduced pressure (800 mbar) .
[0291] Finally, 131 g of water distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 11.7. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to tartrate structural units was 92 : 08 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 783 g / mol and Mw = 1265 g / mol.
[0292] Example 14: Preparation of Unmodified Lysine-based Polymer (Comparative Copolymer 14)
[0293] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 150 g lysine, 17.11 g tartaric acid and 150 g water. The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h 45 min with continuous distillate separation. Then, additional 11.76 g of tartaric acid was introduced into the reactor. After a total reaction time of 2 h 15 min, 13.48 g octenyl succinic anhydride was dosed over 10 min.
[0294] Finally, 168 g of distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible, while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value was determined as 12.2. The molar ratio of lysine structural units to tartrate structural units to octenyl succinate structural units was 86 : 08 : 06 as determined by 1H NMR and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 590 g / mol and Mw = 852 g / mol.
[0295] Example 15: Preparation of Unmodified Polylysine (Homopolymer 15)
[0296] A 500 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver, was charged with 100 g aqueous solution of L-lysine (50 wt%) . The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃ for 45 minutes. Then, an aqueous solution of 400 g L-lysine (50 wt%) was dosed constantly over 3.5 h with continuous water separation. After a reaction time of 1 h, water was distilled off further under reduced pressure (670 mbar) .
[0297] Finally, 267 g of water distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value of the lysine homopolymer was determined as 11.8 and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 1196 g / mol and Mw = 2011 g / mol.
[0298] Example 16: Preparation of Unmodified Polylysine (Homopolymer 16)
[0299] A 1000 ml four-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, an internal thermometer, a gas inlet tube, a condenser with reduced-pressure connection and a receiver was charged with 500 g of an aqueous solution of L-lysine (50 wt%) . The mixture was heated with stirring to an internal temperature of 160 ℃, with continuous water separation. After a reaction time of 4.5 hours, water was distilled off further under a reduced pressure of 670 mbar.
[0300] Finally, 274 g of water distillate had been collected and the highly viscous polymer was discharged to a silicone container as fast as possible while it was still hot and flowable. The K-value of the lysine homopolymer was determined as 12.9 and the molecular weights as determined were Mn = 1593 g / mol and Mw = 3072 g / mol.
[0301] Formulation Examples and Detergency Characterization
[0302] Liquid laundry detergent formulations comprising a polymeric additive as shown in Table 1 were tested for the primary detergency in accordance with the methods as described hereinbelow.
[0303] Table 1
[0304] a) on a basis of active content for all ingredients
[0305] The primary detergency of the liquid laundry detergent formulations was measured for sebum and fat in small scale in a laundering process. The laundering process was simulated in a lab using a Lauder-o-meter (ATLAS M228AA) which includes individual barrels with 20 steel balls for stirring. The washing units were operated at the same stirring speed of 120 rpm, each containing 200 ml water. Multisoil monitors (stained fabrics) were used for evaluation of the detergency for sebum and fat stains at 30 ℃ for 60 min, in a wash liquor comprising a detergent formulation as shown in Table 1.
[0306] After the washing, the fabrics were removed from the washing units, drained and rinsed twice in 10 L tap water for 30 seconds and subsequently dried. Each experiment was repeated 6 times, and the obtained data was used to calculate the average values. The details of the wash experiments are summarized in Table 2.
[0307] Table 2
[0308] The primary detergency was characterized by measuring the remissions of a fabric before laundering (Rbefore) and after laundering (Rafter) , using a spectrophotometer, Elrepho 2000 from Datacolor, at 457 nm.
[0309] The difference in remissions (ΔR) was calculated in accordance with the following equation: ΔR = Rafter –Rbefore
[0310] The higher the value of ΔR, the better the primary performance.
[0311] The improvement of detergency resulted from the polymeric additives was determined by the difference between the ΔR of a fabric washed with an additive-containing formulation (ΔRadditive) and the ΔR of a fabric washed with a blank formulation (without the polymeric additive, ΔRblank) , in accordance with the following equation: ΔΔR = ΔRadditive –ΔRblank
[0312] The higher the value of ΔΔR, the better the detergency performance of the formulations containing the polymeric additive than the blank formulations. Results, together with the characteristics of the polymeric additives were summarized in Tables 3 and 4, in which negative value means opposite effect.
[0313] Table 3
[0314] Table 4
[0315] Any effect for the sum ΔΔR (i.e., sum of 6 stains) equal to or greater than 5 means a significant effect on cleaning performance. Consequently, any effect for the sum ΔΔR (sum of 6 stains) less than 5 means no significant effect on cleaning performance.
[0316] The test results demonstrate that the lysine-based polymers according to the present invention could improve the detergency performance of a liquid laundry detergent, compared with lysine homopolymers and lysine-based polymers containing dicarboxylic structural units not according to formula (I) .
[0317] Biodegradability of Lysine-based polymers
[0318] Polymer biodegradations after 4 and 8 weeks were tested respectively in accordance with the standard manometric respirometry method (OECD 301F) . For the purposes of this invention, aerobic biodegradation in wastewater according to OECD 301F is expressed as a percentage of the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD, which is measured by the elemental analysis of the compound of interest) , which is needed to completely biodegrade the polymer sample. Thus, the amount of oxygen taken up by the microbial population during biodegradation of the test substance (corrected for uptake by blank inoculum, run in parallel) is expressed as a percentage of ThOD. The obtained values are preferably measured in triplicate using the OECD 301F manometric respirometry method. The consumption of oxygen is determined by measuring the change in pressure in the apparatus using an C (Xylem 35 Analytics Germany Sales GmbH &Co KG) .
[0319] Table 5
[0320] The test results show that the lysine-based polymers useful for the laundry detergent composition according to the present invention show acceptable biodegradability.
Claims
1.A laundry detergent composition, which comprises a lysine-based polymer containing (A) lysine structural units and (B) dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) whereinR is an aliphatic linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,* denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage,wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60: 40 to 95: 5, preferably from 70 : 30 to 95 : 5 as measured by 1H NMR, and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol.2.The laundry detergent composition according to claim 1, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 75 : 25 to 92 : 8.3.The laundry detergent composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of from 600 g / mol to 8,500 g / mol.4.The laundry detergent composition according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a number average molecular weight (Mn) in the range of from 300 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol, preferably from 400 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol.5.The laundry detergent composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified.6.The laundry detergent composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lysine-based polymer has been modified by acylation of lysine structural units with a C5-C22 preferably C8-C22, more preferably C12-C22, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic acyl group.7.The laundry detergent composition according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the lysine-based polymer has a degree of modification (DM) by acylation of lysine structural units in the range of from 0 to 50%, preferably from 0 to 15%, more preferably from 0 to 10%.8.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein in formula (I) , R is C2-C12 alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene, preferably R is C6-C10-alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C2-C14 alkenyl, even more preferably R is C7-C8-alkylene which is unsubstituted.9.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, wherein the dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) is the structural units derived from copolymerization of dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is azelaic acid or its reactive equivalent, sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent; wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified.10.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, which is a liquid laundry detergent composition.11.The laundry detergent composition according to claim 9, further comprising at least one anionic surfactant and water.12.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, which comprises the lysine-based polymer in an amount of 0.5%to 30%by weight, preferably 1%to 25%by weight, and more preferably 1%to 15%by weight, for example 1%to 10%by weight, based on the total solid content of the laundry detergent composition.13.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, which comprises at least one enzyme, preferably at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, mannanases, xylanases, DNases, dispersins, pectinases, oxidoreductases, and cutinases.14.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, which comprises 2-phenoxyethanol as antimicrobial agent, preferably in an amount ranging from 2 ppm to 5%by weight of the composition, more preferably from 0.1%to 2%of phenoxyethanol, based on the weight of the composition.15.The laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims, which comprises 4,4’ -dichoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether as antimicrobial agent, preferably in an amount ranging from 0.001%to 3%, preferably from 0.002%to 1%, more preferably from 0.01%to 0.6%, based on the weight of the composition.16.A lysine-based polymer, containing (A) lysine structural units and (B) dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) whereinR is an aliphatic linear or branched C2-C12 hydrocarbylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two groups selected from C1-C14 alkyl, C2-C14 alkenyl and C1-C14 alkylidene,* denotes the position where the structural unit is attached to lysine structural units by an amide linkage,Wherein the dicarboxylic structural units of formula (I) is the structural units derived from copolymerization of dicarboxylic acid or its reactive equivalent, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is azelaic acid or its reactive equivalent, sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent; preferably sebacic acid or its reactive equivalent;wherein the lysine structural units in the lysine-based polymer are unmodified;wherein the lysine-based polymer has a molar ratio of lysine structural units to dicarboxylic structural units in the range of from 60: 40 to 95: 5, preferably from 70 : 30 to 95 : 5, more preferably from 75: 25 to 92: 8 as measured by 1H NMR, and has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of from 500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 600 g / mol to 8500 g / mol.17.Use of the lysine-based polymer as defined in any of claims 1 to 9 and 16 in laundry detergent compositions for improving detergency for hydrophobic stains such as sebum and fat.18.A method for preparing laundry detergent compositions, which includes a step of combining at least one anionic surfactant, the lysine-based polymer as defined in any of claims 1 to 9 and 16, and optionally at least one other auxiliary, in a solvent, generally water.19.A method of preserving an aqueous laundry detergent composition according to any of preceding claims 1 to 15 against microbial contamination or growth, which includes addition of 2-phenoxyethanol or 4, 4’ -dichoro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether as antimicrobial agent in the composition.20.A method of laundering fabric, which includes treating a fabric with the laundry detergent composition according to any of claims 1 to 15.