Random access method and apparatus, and device and storage medium

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure are a random access method and apparatus, and a device and a storage medium. The method comprises: an A-IoT device receiving first signaling sent by a reading device, wherein the first signaling includes a first random number; and determining a first access occasion on the basis of the first random number, and sending a first message on the first access occasion.

Description

Random access methods, devices, apparatus and storage media

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510383333.5, filed on March 28, 2025, entitled "Random Access Method, Apparatus, Device and Storage Medium", the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a random access method, device, apparatus, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0004] Passive Internet of Things (A-IoT) communication systems support Contention-based Random Access (CBRA) mode. The Msg1 (message 1) transmission resource can support both Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). When configuring TDMA Msg1 resources, A-IoT devices randomly select an access opportunity; when configuring FDMA Msg1 resources, A-IoT devices randomly select an access opportunity. Considering the randomness of Msg1 resource selection, relying solely on device implementation will likely result in multiple A-IoT devices randomly selecting the same Msg1 resource, leading to collisions between Msg1 messages sent by multiple A-IoT devices. This increases the probability of random access failure for A-IoT devices and increases the overall access latency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a random access method, device, apparatus, and storage medium to reduce the collision probability of A-IoT devices sending Msg1, thereby improving the random access success rate of A-IoT devices and reducing the overall access latency of A-IoT devices.

[0006] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a random access method applied to passive Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, the method comprising:

[0007] Receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, the first signaling containing a first random number;

[0008] Based on the first random number, a first access opportunity is determined, and a first message is sent on the first access opportunity.

[0009] Secondly, this disclosure also provides a random access method applied to a reading device, the method comprising:

[0010] Send a first signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. The first random number is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0011] Thirdly, this disclosure also provides an A-IoT device, including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0012] A memory for storing computer programs; a transceiver for sending and receiving data under the control of the processor; and a processor for reading the computer programs from the memory and performing the following operations:

[0013] Receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, the first signaling containing a first random number;

[0014] Based on the first random number, a first access opportunity is determined, and a first message is sent on the first access opportunity.

[0015] Fourthly, this disclosure also provides a reading device, including a memory, a transceiver, and a processor;

[0016] A memory for storing computer programs; a transceiver for sending and receiving data under the control of the processor; and a processor for reading the computer programs from the memory and performing the following operations:

[0017] Send a first signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. The first random number is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0018] Fifthly, this disclosure also provides a random access device for use in A-IoT devices, the device comprising:

[0019] The receiving unit is configured to receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, wherein the first signaling contains a first random number;

[0020] The first sending unit is configured to determine a first access opportunity based on the first random number and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0021] Sixthly, this disclosure also provides a random access device for use in a reading device, the device comprising:

[0022] The second sending unit is configured to send a first signaling to the A-IoT device. The first signaling includes a first random number, which is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0023] In a seventh aspect, this disclosure also provides a non-transient readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to execute the random access method described in the first aspect above, or to execute the random access method described in the second aspect above.

[0024] Eighthly, this disclosure also provides a communication device that stores a program for causing the communication device to execute the random access method described in the first aspect above, or to execute the random access method described in the second aspect above.

[0025] Ninthly, this disclosure also provides a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to perform the random access method described in the first aspect above, or to perform the random access method described in the second aspect above.

[0026] In a tenth aspect, this disclosure also provides a chip including a processor coupled to a memory for executing a computer program or instructions stored in the memory. When the processor executes the computer program or instructions, it performs the random access method described in the first aspect or the random access method described in the second aspect as described above.

[0027] In an eleventh aspect, this disclosure also provides a computer program product comprising a computer program or instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the random access method described in the first aspect above, or to perform the random access method described in the second aspect above.

[0028] The random access method, device, apparatus, and storage medium provided in this disclosure allow the reading device to send a first signaling message to an A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. Based on the first random number, the A-IoT device can determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity. In this way, while the A-IoT device randomly selects random access resources, the random access resources selected by the A-IoT device can be dispersed as much as possible, thereby reducing the collision probability of the A-IoT device sending the first message, improving the random access success rate of the A-IoT device, and reducing the overall access latency of the A-IoT device. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the A-IoT topology architecture provided by related technologies;

[0031] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating one of the random access methods provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 3 is a second schematic flowchart of the random access method provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the time-frequency domain access opportunity sequencing provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0034] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the time-domain access opportunity sequencing provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0035] Figure 6 is one of the example diagrams for determining access opportunities based on second signaling according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 7 is a second example of determining access opportunities based on second signaling according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 8 is a third example of determining access opportunities based on second signaling according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 9 is a fourth example of determining access opportunities based on second signaling according to an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 10 is one of the example diagrams of A-IoT device behavior with different initial counter values ​​provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0040] Figure 11 is a second example of the behavior of A-IoT devices with different initial counter values ​​provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 12 is one of the schematic diagrams of the second signaling transmission time points provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0042] Figure 13 is a second schematic diagram of the second signaling transmission time point provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0043] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the A-IoT device provided in the embodiment of this disclosure;

[0044] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reading device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of one of the structures of the random access device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0046] Figure 17 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the random access device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0047] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the chip system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0048] In this disclosure, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0049] In this disclosure, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, and other quantifiers are similar.

[0050] In the embodiments of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object can be one or more.

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0052] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, some technical content related to the embodiments of this disclosure will be introduced first.

[0053] 1. A-IoT device types and power consumption

[0054] Based on their power consumption and whether they have the ability to generate signals independently, A-IoT devices are divided into the following three categories:

[0055] (1) Device 1: Device 1 has a data transmission and reception target power consumption of ≤1μW, has energy storage capability, and an initial sampling frequency offset of at most 10. Xppm (per million units), no downlink / uplink amplifiers, no independent signal generation capability, and transmits signals via backscattering based on an externally provided carrier wave.

[0056] (2) Device 2a: Device 2a has a target power consumption of ≤ several hundred μW for data transmission and reception, has energy storage capability, and an initial sampling frequency offset of at most 10. X ppm, with downlink and / or uplink amplifiers, no independent signal generation capability, and transmits signals via backscattering of an externally provided carrier.

[0057] (3) Device 2b: Device 2b has a target power consumption of ≤ several hundred μW for data transmission and reception, has energy storage capability, and an initial sampling frequency offset of at most 10. X ppm, with downlink and / or uplink amplifiers, has independent signal generation capability, and the uplink transmission signal can be generated autonomously by the device.

[0058] 2. A-IoT Topology

[0059] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the A-IoT topology architecture provided by related technologies. The related technologies determine that the A-IoT system supports two A-IoT topology architectures. The left figure in Figure 1 shows topology 1, in which the A-IoT device communicates directly with the base station. The right figure in Figure 1 shows topology 2, in which the A-IoT device communicates with the base station through an intermediate node. This intermediate node can be a terminal (User Equipment, UE).

[0060] 3. A-IoT random access process and Msg1 resource selection

[0061] In the A-IoT system, the signaling sent by the reader (which can be a terminal or a base station) to the A-IoT device includes two types: inventory and command. The reader can send only the inventory signal to inventory the A-IoT devices within its current coverage area, or it can send the inventory signal first to inventory the A-IoT devices, and then send the command signal after the inventory is completed to instruct the A-IoT devices to complete read / write commands.

[0062] The inventory process of an A-IoT system is essentially the random access process for A-IoT devices. Random access is divided into two types: Contention-Free Random Access (CBRA) and Contention-Free Random Access (CFRA). During CFRA, the signaling message (Msg0) sent by the Reader to the A-IoT device triggering CFRA carries the identifier (ID) of the A-IoT device requiring a response and the time-frequency domain resources for the information that the device needs to send back to the Reader. During CBRA, the signaling message (Msg0) sent by the Reader to the A-IoT device triggering CBRA includes a set of time-frequency domain transmission resources for sending information (Msg1) to the Reader, as well as the group ID of the A-IoT device requiring a response. Alternatively, Msg0 may not carry any ID; in this case, all A-IoT devices within the Reader's coverage area that are not currently performing other services need to respond to the Msg0 signaling message.

[0063] A-IoT devices are passive components; they do not actively send information to the Reader. Their sending of information must be triggered by signaling sent from the Reader to the A-IoT device. Therefore, periodic resources are not configured in the A-IoT system. During CBRA (Circular Access Restriction), if an A-IoT device fails to compete for Msg1 resources configured by a Msg0 signaling that triggers random access (i.e., it does not receive the Msg2 signaling from the Reader, or it receives the Msg2 signaling but the Reader fails to successfully receive the subsequent Msg3 transmission from the A-IoT device), the A-IoT device needs to initiate the next round of random access after receiving a new signaling from the Reader configuring the Msg1 resource.

[0064] In related technologies, when the Reader sends Msg1 to the A-IoT device to provide / configure multiple access opportunities for TDMA, the A-IoT device randomly selects the baseline scheme for choosing the time-domain access opportunity. Similarly, when the Reader sends Msg1 to the A-IoT device to provide / configure multiple access opportunities for FDMA, the A-IoT device randomly selects the baseline scheme for choosing the frequency-domain access opportunity. Due to the poor crystal oscillator accuracy of A-IoT devices, the impact of sampling frequency shift (SFO) is very significant, and the number of time-domain resources configured for a single signaling message (the signaling sent by the Reader to the A-IoT device) is very limited. The signaling message sent by the Reader to the A-IoT device is preceded by a preamble for coarse timing synchronization; the Reader uses this preamble to align its time with the A-IoT device.

[0065] In related technologies, A-IoT devices determine access opportunities, whether in the time domain or frequency domain, through random selection. Relying solely on A-IoT devices increases the likelihood of multiple devices randomly selecting the same Msg1 resource, leading to collisions in the Msg1 signals sent by these devices. During CBRA (Concurrent Access Relay), considering the limited frequency-domain shifting capability of A-IoT devices reflecting signals back to the Reader and the impact of time-domain SFO (Shortest-First-Off) errors, the number of A-IoT devices within the Reader's coverage area is typically far greater than the configurable number of Msg1 resources. If the access times of A-IoT devices are not distributed, all devices will continuously compete for the limited Msg1 resources, potentially causing A-IoT devices to fail to access the network successfully.

[0066] Figure 2 is a flowchart of one of the random access methods provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applied to A-IoT devices. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes the following steps 201 and 202.

[0067] Step 201: Receive the first signaling sent by the reading device, the first signaling containing a first random number.

[0068] Step 202: Based on the first random number, determine the first access opportunity and send the first message on the first access opportunity.

[0069] Specifically, in this disclosure, the term "signaling" can be used interchangeably with the term "channel," and this concept remains consistent throughout the text and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0070] The first signaling message can be the signaling message that triggers random access of A-IoT devices, such as Msg0 signaling or Paging signaling.

[0071] The reading device can configure a set of time-frequency domain transmission resources for the A-IoT device, from which the A-IoT device can select appropriate resources to send a first message, such as Msg1.

[0072] In some embodiments, the first signaling includes reading a set of time-frequency domain transmission resources configured by the device for the A-IoT device.

[0073] In this disclosure, the first signaling includes a first random number randomly generated by the reading device. In some embodiments, the first random number is greater than the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling. Here, one time-frequency domain access opportunity refers to one frequency-domain access opportunity on one time-domain access opportunity.

[0074] The number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling can be explicitly indicated by the first signaling. For example, the first signaling can directly indicate the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the number of frequency-domain access opportunities y1. The A-IoT device can determine that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities and y1 frequency-domain access opportunities on each time-domain access opportunity. The total number of time-frequency domain access opportunities is x1×y1. Alternatively, the first signaling can configure the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities implicitly. For example, the first signaling indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the set of Small Frequency Shift (SFS) factors y1. The A-IoT device can determine that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities, and each time-domain access opportunity has y1 frequency-domain access opportunities, with the total number of time-frequency domain access opportunities being x1×y1. Or, the first signaling indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the maximum SFS factor. The A-IoT device can determine that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities, and the A-IoT device determines y1 SFS factors that satisfy no greater than the maximum SFS factor according to predefined rules, that is, each time-domain access opportunity has y1 frequency-domain access opportunities, with the total number of time-frequency domain access opportunities being x1×y1.

[0075] After receiving the first signaling, the A-IoT device can determine the first access opportunity for sending the first message based on the first random number, and then initiate random access on the first access opportunity.

[0076] The random access method provided in this embodiment allows a reading device to send a first signaling message to an A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. Based on the first random number, the A-IoT device can determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity. In this way, the random access resources selected by the A-IoT device can be dispersed as much as possible while the A-IoT device randomly selects random access resources, thereby reducing the collision probability of the A-IoT device sending the first message, improving the random access success rate of the A-IoT device, and reducing the overall access latency of the A-IoT device.

[0077] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first random number includes:

[0078] Determine the first value based on the first random number;

[0079] Based on the first value, determine the first access opportunity.

[0080] Specifically, after receiving the first signaling, the A-IoT device can first determine the first value based on the first random number in the first signaling, which can also be called the counter value.

[0081] After determining the first value, the A-IoT device then determines the first access opportunity to send the first message based on the first value, and then initiates random access on the first access opportunity.

[0082] In some embodiments, determining the first numerical value based on the first random number includes:

[0083] The first value will be a value randomly selected between 0 and the maximum value of the random number.

[0084] Specifically, the maximum value of the random number can be determined based on the first random number. For example, the maximum value of the random number can be the first random number, or it can be other values ​​determined based on the first random number, without any limitation here.

[0085] For example, assuming the first random number is denoted as Q, an A-IoT device can determine the first value in the following way:

[0086] Method 1: The A-IoT device randomly generates a non-negative integer no greater than Q, and the first value is equal to this random number.

[0087] Method 2: Generate a random number with a maximum value M according to the operation rule f(Q). The A-IoT device randomly generates a non-negative integer not greater than M, and the first value is equal to this random number. The operation rule f(Q) can be Q-1, 2^Q, or 2^Q-1, etc. The operation rules in this embodiment are just examples, and other calculation methods are not excluded.

[0088] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first numerical value includes:

[0089] If the first value is less than the second value, the first access opportunity is determined based on the first value.

[0090] The second value is obtained from the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by predefined rules or signaling sent by the network.

[0091] Specifically, after the A-IoT device determines the first value, if the first value is less than the second value, it can determine the first access opportunity from the configured time-frequency domain transmission resources based on the first value and according to certain rules, and send the first message on the first access opportunity.

[0092] The second value can be obtained according to predefined rules, such as the protocol predefining optional or fixed values ​​for the second value, or the protocol predefining the method for determining the second value, such as the protocol predefining the second value equal to the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling, or the protocol predefining the second value equal to the decreasing step size of the first value, and so on.

[0093] Alternatively, the second value can be obtained based on the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by the signaling sent by the network. For example, the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling can be used as the second value, or the value obtained by calculating the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling can be used as the second value, and so on.

[0094] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity includes:

[0095] The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the m-th time domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling; or,

[0096] The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the time domain access opportunity with index n in the first signaling configuration; or,

[0097] The m-th time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling is determined as the first access opportunity; or...

[0098] The time-frequency domain access opportunity with index n configured in the first signaling is identified as the first access opportunity;

[0099] Where m equals the first value plus 1, and n equals the first value.

[0100] For example, if the first value determines a time-domain access opportunity, i.e., the m-th time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling or the time-domain access opportunity with index n, then the A-IoT device can determine the first access opportunity from at least one frequency-domain access opportunity on the m-th time-domain access opportunity or the time-domain access opportunity with index n. The specific determination method is not limited here; for example, it can randomly select one frequency-domain access opportunity as the first access opportunity from all frequency-domain access opportunities on the m-th time-domain access opportunity or the time-domain access opportunity with index n.

[0101] For example, if the first value determines a time-frequency domain access opportunity, that is, the m-th time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling or the time-frequency domain access opportunity with index n, then the A-IoT device can determine the m-th time-frequency domain access opportunity or the time-frequency domain access opportunity with index n as the first access opportunity.

[0102] In some embodiments, the sorting method for time-frequency domain access opportunities includes: sorting them according to their time-domain location, and sorting them according to the frequency-domain resource location from the nearest to the carrier center frequency point within the same time-domain access opportunity.

[0103] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first numerical value includes:

[0104] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, the system receives the second signaling sent by the reading device, updates the first value based on the second signaling, determines the first access opportunity based on the updated first value, and sends the first message on the first access opportunity.

[0105] The second signaling includes any of the following:

[0106] Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling;

[0107] Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message;

[0108] Signaling used to trigger the first value decrement.

[0109] Specifically, after the A-IoT device determines the first value, if the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, it will not send the first message and will wait to receive the second signaling sent by the reading device.

[0110] The second signaling can be signaling with the same signaling format as the first signaling. The content of each indication field in the second signaling can be the same as or different from the first signaling, which is not limited here. Alternatively, the second signaling can be signaling used to update the resource indication information of the first message. For example, the second signaling may have a different signaling format than the first signaling and may only be used to update the resource indication information of the first message. Alternatively, the second signaling can be signaling used to trigger the first value to decrease. For example, the second signaling may have a different signaling format than the first signaling and may only be used to trigger the first value to decrease.

[0111] Upon receiving the second signaling, the A-IoT device updates the first value according to the second signaling, for example, by decreasing the first value or regenerating it. Then, based on the updated first value, it determines the first access opportunity and sends the first message based on the first access opportunity. The specific implementation of "determining the first access opportunity based on the updated first value" can be the same as the specific implementation of "determining the first access opportunity based on the first value" described in the previous embodiment.

[0112] In some embodiments, updating the first value includes:

[0113] Based on the third value, obtain the updated first value; or...

[0114] The updated first value is obtained based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling.

[0115] For example, the third value can be a decreasing step size of the first value. Each update uses the current first value minus this decreasing step size to obtain the updated first value.

[0116] In some embodiments, the second signaling is a signaling used to update the resource indication information of the first message. When the A-IoT device receives the second signaling, it performs the operation of "obtaining the updated first value according to the third value".

[0117] In some embodiments, the second signaling is a signaling used to trigger the first value to decrease. When the A-IoT device receives the second signaling, it performs the operation of "obtaining the updated first value based on the third value".

[0118] In some embodiments, the second signaling is a signaling with the same signaling format as the first signaling. When the A-IoT device receives the second signaling, it performs the operation of "obtaining the updated first value based on the third value".

[0119] In some embodiments, the third value is indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling, or it may be predefined by the protocol.

[0120] In some embodiments, the third value is equal to the number of time-domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling, or equal to the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling, i.e., the second value.

[0121] For example, if the third value is indicated in the first signaling, or if the third value is not indicated in the first signaling but is indicated in the second signaling, or if the third value is indicated in both the first and second signaling, the A-IoT device can use the latest indicated third value (i.e., the third value indicated in the second signaling) as the standard.

[0122] For example, the protocol predefines optional or fixed values ​​for the third value, or predefines the method for determining the third value. For instance, the protocol predefines the third value to be equal to the number of time-domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling, or equal to the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling.

[0123] In some embodiments, the third value is equal to the number of time-domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling. This could be because the first signaling explicitly or implicitly indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities, and the third value is equal to the number of time-domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling; or the first signaling does not indicate the number of time-domain access opportunities, but the second signaling explicitly or implicitly indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities, and the third value is equal to the number of time-domain access opportunities indicated by the second signaling; or both the first and second signaling indicate the number of time-domain access opportunities. The A-IoT device can use the most recently indicated number of time-domain access opportunities (i.e., the number of time-domain access opportunities indicated by the second signaling) as the standard. The same applies to the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the first signaling and / or the second signaling, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0124] In some implementations, the A-IoT device can obtain the updated first value based on a first random number or a second random number contained in the second signaling.

[0125] For example, when the A-IoT device receives the second signaling, it performs the operation of updating the first value. If the second signaling does not contain a new first random number (i.e., the second random number), then the A-IoT device can use the first random number contained in the first signaling to randomly generate a value as the updated first value in accordance with the method for generating the first value described in the previous embodiment.

[0126] For example, if the second signaling contains a new first random number (i.e., the second random number), then the A-IoT device can use the second random number to randomly generate a value as the updated first value in accordance with the method for generating the first value described in the previous embodiment.

[0127] In some embodiments, the second signaling includes an indication field for indicating how the first value is updated.

[0128] For example, the second signaling includes an indication field. When the indication field value is 1, it instructs the A-IoT device to perform the operation of "obtaining the updated first value based on the third value". When the indication field value is 0, it instructs the A-IoT device to perform the operation of "obtaining the updated first value based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling". Alternatively, when the indication field value is 0, it instructs the A-IoT device to perform the operation of "obtaining the updated first value based on the third value". When the indication field value is 1, it instructs the A-IoT device to perform the operation of "obtaining the updated first value based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling".

[0129] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on an updated first value and sending a first message on the first access opportunity includes:

[0130] If the updated first value is less than the fourth value, the first access opportunity is determined based on the updated first value, and the first message is sent on the first access opportunity;

[0131] The fourth value is obtained from the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by predefined rules or signaling sent by the network.

[0132] Specifically, after the A-IoT device determines a new first value, if the new first value is less than the fourth value, it can determine a first access opportunity from the configured time-frequency domain transmission resources based on the new first value and according to certain rules, and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0133] The fourth value can be obtained according to predefined rules, such as the protocol predefining optional or fixed values ​​for the fourth value, or the protocol predefining the method of determining the fourth value, such as the protocol predefining the fourth value to be equal to the second value or the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the second signaling, or the protocol predefining the fourth value to be equal to the decreasing step size of the first value, and so on.

[0134] Alternatively, the fourth value can be obtained based on the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by the signaling sent by the network. For example, the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the second signaling can be used as the fourth value, or the value obtained by calculating the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities indicated by the second signaling can be used as the fourth value, and so on.

[0135] If the second signaling does not configure a new number of time-domain access opportunities or time-frequency domain access opportunities, the fourth value can be equal to the second value, that is, the number of time-domain access opportunities or time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling.

[0136] When the second signaling configures a new number of time-domain access opportunities or a new number of time-frequency domain access opportunities, the fourth value can be equal to the latest configured number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities, that is, the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the second signaling.

[0137] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on an updated first value includes:

[0138] If the updated first value is greater than or equal to the fourth value, the next second signaling sent by the reading device is received, the first value is updated based on the next second signaling, the first access opportunity is determined based on the updated first value, and the first message is sent on the first access opportunity.

[0139] Specifically, after the A-IoT device determines the updated first value, if the updated first value is greater than or equal to the fourth value, it will continue not to send the first message and wait for the next second signaling sent by the receiving and reading device.

[0140] Upon receiving the next second signaling instruction, the A-IoT device updates the first value according to the second signaling instruction. The specific update method can be found in the previous embodiments, such as updating the first value by decreasing or regenerating it. Then, based on the updated first value, the first access opportunity is determined, and the first message is sent on the first access opportunity. The specific implementation method of "determining the first access opportunity based on the updated first value" can be found in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0141] In this disclosure, the A-IoT device can repeatedly execute the above-mentioned step of determining the first access opportunity based on the first value (including the initial or updated value) until the first value obtained is less than the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities currently configured. At this point, the A-IoT device can determine the first access opportunity and send the first message on the first access opportunity, and the loop ends. Otherwise, the A-IoT device continues to wait for the second signaling, repeats the steps of updating the first value based on the second signaling, and then determining the first access opportunity based on the updated first value.

[0142] In some embodiments, receiving a second signaling sent by the reading device includes:

[0143] Before the first time point, it is not expected to receive the second signaling. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of the first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

[0144] For example, regarding the first duration: Suppose a reading device sends a signaling message (denoted as R2D signaling) to an A-IoT device, and then the A-IoT device sends a signaling message (denoted as D2R signaling) to the reading device. The first duration can be the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the D2R signaling message and the reading device sending the next R2D signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first duration can be predefined by the protocol.

[0145] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device may receive a carrier wave for charging (or energy harvesting) before a first time point and end charging at the first time point.

[0146] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0147] If the second message is received after the first time point, then the second signaling is not expected to be received before the second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last third message time domain transmission opportunity configured for the second message, with an interval of the second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the Negative Acknowledgement (NACK) signaling after sending the third message.

[0148] For example, the first message could be Msg2, and the third message could be Msg3. If the A-IoT device receives Msg2 after the first time point, it indicates that the reading device has received at least one Msg1 message from an A-IoT device. In this case, the reading device can send Msg2 to the A-IoT device after the first time point. The A-IoT device determines the time-frequency domain resource allocation information of Msg3 based on the indication information in Msg2, and then determines the second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last Msg3 time domain transmission opportunity configured in Msg2, with an interval of the second duration. This second duration is the window length for an A-IoT device to wait for NACK signaling after sending Msg3. This window length can be predefined or indicated by the Msg2 signaling.

[0149] In some embodiments, if the reading device sends Msg2, it will not send a new second signaling message from the time Msg2 is sent until the end of the current inventory process. Therefore, an A-IoT device that does not send Msg1 can receive a carrier for charging during the period when other A-IoT devices that sent Msg1 send Msg3 and wait for NACK feedback.

[0150] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0151] After sending the first message on the first access opportunity, the first value is set to an invalid value or the maximum value of a random number.

[0152] Specifically, if the A-IoT device determines the first access opportunity and sends the first message, the A-IoT device can, after sending the first message, set the current first value to an invalid value (such as infinity), or set it to the maximum value of the random number used to determine the first value.

[0153] Figure 3 is a second flowchart of the random access method provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. The method is applied to a reading device. As shown in Figure 3, the method includes the following step 301.

[0154] Step 301: Send a first signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. The first random number is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0155] Specifically, the first signaling can be a signaling that triggers random access of A-IoT devices, such as Msg0 signaling or Paging signaling.

[0156] The reading device can configure a set of time-frequency domain transmission resources for the A-IoT device, from which the A-IoT device can select appropriate resources to send a first message, such as Msg1.

[0157] In some embodiments, the first signaling includes reading a set of time-frequency domain transmission resources configured by the device for the A-IoT device.

[0158] In this disclosure, the first signaling includes a first random number randomly generated by the reading device. In some embodiments, the first random number is greater than the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling. Here, one time-frequency domain access opportunity refers to one frequency-domain access opportunity on one time-domain access opportunity.

[0159] The number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling can be explicitly indicated by the first signaling. For example, the first signaling can directly indicate the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the number of frequency-domain access opportunities y1. The A-IoT device can determine that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities and y1 frequency-domain access opportunities on each time-domain access opportunity. The total number of time-frequency domain access opportunities is x1×y1. Alternatively, the first signaling can configure the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities implicitly. For example, the first signaling indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the set of SFS factors y1. The A-IoT device can determine that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities, and each time-domain access opportunity has y1 frequency-domain access opportunities, so the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities is x1×y1. Or, the first signaling indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the maximum SFS factor. The A-IoT device can determine that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities, and the A-IoT device determines y1 SFS factors that satisfy no greater than the maximum SFS factor according to predefined rules, that is, each time-domain access opportunity has y1 frequency-domain access opportunities, so the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities is x1×y1.

[0160] After receiving the first signaling, the A-IoT device can determine the first access opportunity for sending the first message based on the first random number, and then initiate random access on the first access opportunity.

[0161] The random access method provided in this embodiment allows a reading device to send a first signaling message to an A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. Based on the first random number, the A-IoT device can determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity. In this way, the random access resources selected by the A-IoT device can be dispersed as much as possible while the A-IoT device randomly selects random access resources, thereby reducing the collision probability of the A-IoT device sending the first message, improving the random access success rate of the A-IoT device, and reducing the overall access latency of the A-IoT device.

[0162] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0163] Send a second signaling message to the A-IoT device, the second signaling message including any of the following:

[0164] Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling;

[0165] Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message;

[0166] Signaling used to trigger the first value decrement.

[0167] The second signaling can be signaling with the same signaling format as the first signaling. The content of each indication field in the second signaling can be the same as or different from the first signaling, which is not limited here. Alternatively, the second signaling can be signaling used to update the resource indication information of the first message. For example, the second signaling may have a different signaling format than the first signaling and may only be used to update the resource indication information of the first message. Alternatively, the second signaling can be signaling used to trigger the first value to decrease. For example, the second signaling may have a different signaling format than the first signaling and may only be used to trigger the first value to decrease.

[0168] In some embodiments, sending a second signaling message to an A-IoT device includes:

[0169] If none of the time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling receive the first message, the second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after the first time point. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of the first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

[0170] For example, the reading device sends a first signaling message to configure a set of random access resources. Subsequently, the reading device can blindly detect and receive Msg1 sent by the A-IoT device on all time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling message. The reading device needs to blindly detect all time-domain access opportunities before it can determine that it has not received Msg1. If the reading device does not receive any Msg1 sent by any A-IoT device, the reading device can send a second signaling message to the A-IoT device after the first time point.

[0171] In some embodiments, sending a second signaling message to an A-IoT device includes:

[0172] If at least one time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling receives the first message, a second message is sent to the A-IoT device, and a second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after a second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain transmission opportunity of the third message configured in the second message, with an interval of a second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the NACK signaling after sending the third message.

[0173] For example, the reading device sends a first signaling to configure a set of random access resources. Subsequently, the reading device can blindly receive Msg1 sent by the A-IoT device on all time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling. If the reading device receives Msg1 sent by at least one A-IoT device, the reading device can send Msg2 to the A-IoT device after a first time point, and the reading device will not send a second signaling to the A-IoT device until after a second time point.

[0174] The methods provided in the various embodiments of this disclosure are based on the same technical concept, so the implementation of each method can be referred to each other, and repeated parts will not be described again.

[0175] The methods provided in the above embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated by specific examples below.

[0176] Example 1:

[0177] The A-IoT device determines the counter value based on the first signaling sent by the Reader. The first signaling is an R2D signaling that triggers CBRA, such as Msg0 or Paging. The first signaling contains a maximum random number Q used to determine the counter value; Q is a positive integer. After reading the Q value from the first signaling, the A-IoT device can determine the counter value using one of the following methods:

[0178] Method 1: The A-IoT device randomly generates a non-negative integer no greater than Q. The A-IoT device's counter value is equal to this random number.

[0179] Method 2: Generate a random number with a maximum value M based on the calculation rule f(Q). The A-IoT device randomly generates a non-negative integer not greater than M. The A-IoT device's counter value is equal to this random number. The calculation rule f(Q) can be Q-1, 2^Q, or 2^Q-1, etc. The calculation rules in this example are for illustration only, and other calculation methods are not excluded.

[0180] The Reader configures a set of time-frequency domain resources for the A-IoT device via a first signaling instruction. This first signaling instruction can explicitly indicate the number of time-domain access opportunities and / or frequency-domain access opportunities transmitted by Msg1, or it can implicitly indicate the number of these opportunities. For example, if the first signaling instruction directly indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the number of frequency-domain access opportunities y1, the A-IoT device determines that it has x1 time-domain access opportunities, and each time-domain access opportunity has y1 frequency-domain access opportunities. Alternatively, the first signaling instruction can indicate the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and y1 sets of SFS factors, allowing the A-IoT device to determine that it has x1 time-domain access opportunities, and each time-domain access opportunity has y1 frequency-domain access opportunities. Alternatively, the first signaling indicates the number of time-domain access opportunities x1 and the maximum SFS factor. The A-IoT device determines that there are x1 time-domain access opportunities. The A-IoT device determines y1 SFS factors that satisfy no greater than the maximum SFS factor according to predefined rules, that is, there are y1 frequency-domain access opportunities for each time-domain access opportunity.

[0181] The Reader may also update a set of time-frequency domain resources for the A-IoT device via a second signaling message, which configures the time-frequency domain resources in the same way as the first signaling message. Therefore, the A-IoT device can determine the time-domain access opportunity x2 and the frequency-domain access opportunity y2 on each time-domain access opportunity based on the second signaling message.

[0182] In this disclosure, the value X that the counter decrements each time can be indicated by either a first signaling or a second signaling. The first decrement X of the counter is indicated by the first signaling. If the second signaling contains time-frequency domain resource configuration information, then subsequent decrements X of the counter are indicated by the second signaling. If the second signaling does not contain time-frequency domain resource configuration information, then the value X that the counter decrements each time during the entire random access process is the value indicated by the first signaling.

[0183] Alternatively, the value X that the counter decreases by each time can be predefined. Specifically, if the A-IoT device determines the location of a time-domain access opportunity based on the counter, the A-IoT device receives a first signaling message, in which the counter decreases by X by x1; the A-IoT device receives a second signaling message, in which the counter decreases by X by x2. After determining the location of the time-domain access opportunity, the A-IoT device randomly selects a frequency-domain access opportunity from that time-domain access opportunity. If the A-IoT device determines the location of a time-frequency domain access opportunity based on the counter, the A-IoT device receives a first signaling message, in which the counter decreases by X by x1×y1; the A-IoT device receives a second signaling message, in which the counter decreases by X by x2×y2.

[0184] Example 2: Step 1: The behavior of the A-IoT device after receiving the first signaling and determining the counter value.

[0185] This example first uses the value of X, which decreases in counter value, to illustrate the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities. The A-IoT device determines the counter value according to Example 1. If the counter value is less than the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured by the Reader through the first signaling, which is X, then the A-IoT device can send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain resources configured in the first signaling according to predefined rules. If the counter value is greater than X, the A-IoT device cannot send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain resources configured in the first signaling, and needs to execute step 2 according to any of the methods in Examples 3 to 5.

[0186] A-IoT devices reflect D2R signals via double-sideband modulation. If the A-IoT device supports small frequency offset, a frequency domain access opportunity is a pair of frequency domain resources symmetrical about the carrier center frequency. In this example, a pair of frequency domain resources symmetrical about the carrier center frequency is referred to as a frequency domain access opportunity. If the A-IoT device does not support small frequency offset, the first signaling will only configure one frequency domain access opportunity for the A-IoT device, with the center frequency of the frequency domain access opportunity being the carrier frequency, and there is no pair of frequency domain resources symmetrical about the carrier center frequency.

[0187] In this example, assuming the first signaling configures two access opportunities in the time domain and two access opportunities in the frequency domain for the A-IoT device, totaling four time-frequency domain access opportunities, then the X value of the counter, which decreases by one, is 4. As shown in Figure 4, if the counter value generated by the first A-IoT device is 1 (1 is less than 4), then the first A-IoT device can transmit Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity with index 1 configured in the first signaling (the filled cell in Figure 4). The four time-frequency domain access opportunities are ordered in the order of time domain first, then frequency domain, with the frequency domain sorting rule being from closest to furthest from the carrier center frequency, as shown in Figure 4. Only the two frequency domain resources above the center frequency are shown for each frequency domain access opportunity; each frequency domain resource also has a symmetrical half below the center frequency. The first A-IoT device transmits Msg1 on the second frequency domain access opportunity following the first time domain access opportunity.

[0188] If the counter value generated by the second A-IoT device is 5, which is greater than 4, then the second A-IoT device cannot send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling. The second A-IoT device will update the counter value to 1 (5-4) and then proceed to the next step.

[0189] In this example, the X value that the counter decrements can also be the number of time-domain access opportunities. The A-IoT device determines the counter value according to Example 1. If the counter value is less than the number of time-domain access opportunities configured by the Reader through the first signaling, which is X, then the A-IoT device can send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain resources configured in the first signaling according to predefined rules. If the counter value is greater than or equal to X, then the A-IoT device cannot send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain resources configured in the first signaling and proceeds to the next step.

[0190] In this example, assuming the first signaling configures two access opportunities for the A-IoT device in the time domain, the value of X, which is decremented by one, is 2. The first signaling also configures two access opportunities in the frequency domain, for a total of four time-frequency domain access opportunities. If the counter value generated by the third A-IoT device is 1 (1 is less than 2), then the third A-IoT device can send Msg1 on the time-domain access opportunity with index 1 configured in the first signaling. Specifically, the third A-IoT device can randomly select one of the two frequency-domain access opportunities on the second time-domain access opportunity for access, for example, choosing the frequency-domain access opportunity closer to the carrier center frequency (the filled cell in Figure 5). After sending Msg1, the third A-IoT device sets the counter value to an invalid value, such as infinity. Alternatively, it sets the counter value to the maximum value, which is Q in Example 1 or M obtained based on the Q value.

[0191] If the counter value generated by the fourth A-IoT device is 5, and 5 is greater than 2, then the fourth A-IoT device cannot send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling. The fourth A-IoT device will update the counter value to 3 (5-2) and proceed to the next step.

[0192] Example 3: Step 2: The behavior of the A-IoT device after receiving the second signaling to determine the counter value. The second signaling is a signaling with the same signaling format as the first signaling.

[0193] This example illustrates the behavior of the A-IoT device in Example 2, which, based on step 1, determines the subsequent execution of step 2. Specifically, if the counter value is greater than the number of time-domain or time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the Reader, or if the counter value is greater than the value X to be decremented once, the A-IoT device waits to receive the second signaling. In this example, the second signaling is the same as the first signaling, meaning the A-IoT device continues to receive a second first signaling. The A-IoT device determines the X value to be decremented for this round of countering based on the number of time-domain or time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the second first signaling. The second first signaling can have exactly the same indication information as the first first signaling; that is, the number of time-domain or time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the second first signaling is the same as the first first signaling, and the time-domain relative position and frequency-domain resource position are also the same as the first first signaling. Alternatively, the second signaling may only use the same signaling structure and indication fields as the first signaling, but the information in each indication field can be updated. The second first signaling message can update only the indication fields related to time-frequency domain resource configuration. For example, the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities may be the same as in the first first signaling message, but the specific relative time-domain position and / or frequency-domain position may have changed. Alternatively, the number of time-domain or time-frequency domain access opportunities and the resource position configured in the second first signaling message may both have changed. The A-IoT device compares the updated counter value in step 1 with the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured according to the second signaling message (i.e., the X value). If it is less than X, Msg1 is sent according to the predefined rules in Example 2. After sending Msg1, the A-IoT device sets the counter to an invalid value or the maximum value. If it is greater than or equal to X, the counter value is decremented by X and step 2 is executed again, i.e., waiting to receive the second second signaling message. The indication field value in the second second signaling message may be the same as or different from the indication field value in the first second signaling message. After receiving the second signaling message, the A-IoT device compares the updated counter value with the X value determined by the time-frequency domain resource information configured according to the second signaling message. If the counter value is less than X, Msg1 is sent according to the predefined rules. If the counter value is greater than or equal to X, step 2 is executed.

[0194] For example, let's illustrate this with the count of X values, where the counter decreases. If the second signaling does not update the time-frequency domain resource configuration information, the X value remains 4. As shown in Figure 6, in Example 2, after receiving the second signaling, the second A-IoT device compares the updated counter value 1 with the X value 4. Since 1 is less than 4, the second A-IoT device can send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity (the filled cell in Figure 6) configured with index 1 in the first second signaling. That is, it transmits Msg1 on the second frequency domain access opportunity of the first time domain access opportunity. Subsequently, after sending Msg1, the second A-IoT device sets the counter to an invalid value or the maximum value.

[0195] Alternatively, the number of time-domain access opportunities can be described using the decreasing X value of the counter. If the second signaling updates the time-frequency domain resource configuration information, for example, if the second signaling configures one access opportunity in the time domain and two access opportunities in the frequency domain, and the frequency domain resource location remains unchanged, then the X value determined by the second signaling is 1. In Example 2, after receiving the second signaling, the fourth A-IoT device compares the counter value 3 with the X value 1. Since 3 is greater than 1, the fourth A-IoT device cannot send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling. The fourth A-IoT device updates the counter value to 2 (3-1), then proceeds to the next step and continues to wait for the next second signaling. The time-frequency domain resource configuration of the next second signaling message can differ from that of the previous second signaling message, as shown in Figure 7. The second second signaling message configures three access opportunities in the time domain. The fourth A-IoT device determines the X value to be 3 based on the second second signaling message. It compares the counter value 2 with the X value; since 2 is less than 3, the fourth A-IoT device randomly selects one of the two frequency domain access opportunities configured in the second second signaling message (index 2, i.e., the third time domain access opportunity) for access. For example, it selects the frequency domain access opportunity farther from the carrier center frequency (the filled cell in Figure 7). Subsequently, after sending Msg1, the fourth A-IoT device sets the counter to an invalid value or its maximum value.

[0196] The X values ​​for the aforementioned counter decrement are all determined based on predefined rules. That is, after each receipt of the first or second signaling, the X value is determined according to the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities in the signaling. In this disclosure, the X value can also be determined directly through the first or second signaling. For example, in step 1 of Example 2, the X value in step 1 is indicated by the first signaling, and in Example 3, the X value in step 2 is indicated by the second signaling.

[0197] The second signaling in this example can also be replaced with other signaling used only to update Msg1 resource indication information, which will not be elaborated on further.

[0198] In some implementations, the second signaling may also include an indication field, which indicates the behavior of the A-IoT device after receiving the current second signaling. For example, when the value of the indication field is 1, the A-IoT device performs the behavior described in this example (i.e., decrementing the counter); when the value of the indication field is 0, the A-IoT device generates a new counter value in the manner described in Example 1, and then executes step 1 in Example 2.

[0199] Example 4: Step 2: The behavior of the A-IoT device after receiving the second signaling to determine the counter value. The second signaling is only used to trigger the counter value to decrease.

[0200] This example illustrates the behavior of the A-IoT device in Example 2, which, based on step 1, determines the subsequent execution of step 2. Specifically, if the counter value is greater than the number of time-domain or time-frequency domain access opportunities configured by the Reader, or if the counter value is greater than the value X decremented once, the A-IoT device waits to receive the second signaling. In this example, the second signaling is solely used to trigger the decrement of the counter value. This disclosure does not limit the form of this signaling; for example, it can be a sequence, or a sequence plus one or more bits. After receiving the second signaling, the A-IoT device determines a set of time-frequency domain resources based on the time-frequency domain resource configuration information in the first signaling, which is equivalent to the case in Example 3 where the second signaling does not update the time-frequency domain resource configuration information. After determining the counter decrement value X based on the time-frequency domain resources configured in the first signaling in step 1, the A-IoT device uses this X value every time it receives the second signaling, without needing to update it.

[0201] For example, let's illustrate this with the count of time-frequency domain access opportunities, where the counter is decremented by X. The A-IoT device determines X to be 4 based on the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling. As shown in Figure 8, in Example 2, after receiving the second signaling (RT in Figure 8 represents a signaling used only to trigger the decrement of the counter value; the meaning of RT in Figures 9, 11, 12, and 13 is the same), the second A-IoT device compares the updated counter value 1 with the X value 4. Since 1 is less than 4, the second A-IoT device can send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity (the filled cell in Figure 8) with index 1 configured in the first second signaling, that is, transmit Msg1 on the second frequency domain access opportunity of the first time domain access opportunity. Subsequently, after sending Msg1, the second A-IoT device sets the counter to an invalid value or its maximum value.

[0202] Alternatively, the X value, representing the decreasing counter, can be used to illustrate the number of time-domain access opportunities. The A-IoT device determines the X value to be 2 based on the number of time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling. In Example 2, after receiving the second signaling, A-IoT device 4 compares the updated counter value 3 with the X value 2. Since 3 is greater than 2, A-IoT device 4 cannot send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling. A-IoT device 4 updates the counter value to 1 (3-2) and then proceeds to the next step, waiting for the next second signaling. As shown in Figure 9, after receiving the second second signaling, A-IoT device 4 compares the updated counter value 1 with the X value 2. Since 1 is less than 2, A-IoT device 4 can randomly select one of the two frequency-domain access opportunities on the second time-domain access opportunity triggered by the second second signaling (index 1), for access. For example, it can select the frequency-domain access opportunity farther from the carrier center frequency (the filled cell in Figure 9). Subsequently, after sending Msg1, A-IoT device 4 sets the counter to an invalid value or its maximum value.

[0203] Example 5:

[0204] In Examples 2 to 4 above, the A-IoT device first compares the value with X, and determines its subsequent behavior based on the comparison result. All comparison processes in the above examples can be replaced by the following: After receiving the first or second signaling, the A-IoT device first subtracts X from the counter value. If the updated counter value is less than 0, the A-IoT device can send Msg1 on the time-frequency domain access resource triggered by the first or second signaling according to predefined rules, and then set the counter value to an invalid value or the maximum value. If the updated counter value is greater than or equal to 0, the A-IoT device waits to receive the second signaling. The predefined rules are the same as in Examples 2 to 4: The device selects the time-domain access opportunity corresponding to the value before X is subtracted from the counter value at the index, randomly selects a frequency-domain access opportunity on that time-domain access opportunity, and sends Msg1; or, it selects the time-frequency domain access opportunity corresponding to the value before X is subtracted from the counter value at the index and sends Msg1.

[0205] In this example, the second signaling can be the first signaling or other signaling used only to update the Msg1 resource indication information. The behavior of A-IoT devices generating different initial counter values ​​in step 1 is shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 illustrates the behavior of three A-IoT devices with different initial counter values, each represented by a different patterned grid. As shown in Figure 10, the base station (gNB), acting as the reading device, sends Msg0 to the A-IoT devices. Msg0 contains a Q value (N-bit indicator) and a 1-bit indicator field indicating the decrementing counter value. Based on the Q value of 6, the A-IoT devices randomly generate an initial counter value between 0 and 2^N. The initial counter values ​​for the three A-IoT devices are 4, 8, and 15, respectively, decreasing by 4 each time. Since the initial counter values ​​of all three A-IoT devices are greater than or equal to 4, no A-IoT device sends Msg1; they all wait for the second Msg0. Upon receiving the second Msg0, the counter value decrement operation is performed, updating the counter values ​​to 0, 4, and 11 for the three A-IoT devices. The A-IoT device with a counter value of 0 (less than 4) sends Msg1. The base station receives Msg1 and then sends Msg2 to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device that sent Msg1 receives Msg2 and then sends Msg3 to the base station. Only then does the base station send a new Msg0 to the A-IoT device. At this point, the other two A-IoT devices that have not yet sent Msg1 update their counter values ​​to 0 and 7 respectively. The A-IoT device with a counter value of 0 (less than 4) sends Msg1. The base station receives Msg1 and then sends Msg2 to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device that sent Msg1 receives Msg2 and then sends Msg3 to the base station. Only then does the base station send a new Msg0 to the A-IoT device. At this point, the remaining A-IoT device that has not yet sent Msg1 updates its counter value to 3 and sends Msg1 at the corresponding access opportunity. The base station receives Msg1 and then sends Msg2 to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device that sent Msg1 receives Msg2 and then sends Msg3 to the base station. In Figure 10, f0 and f1 represent different frequencies.

[0206] The second signaling can be used solely to trigger the decrement of the counter value. The behavior of A-IoT devices generating different initial counter values ​​in step 1 is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 illustrates the behavior of three A-IoT devices with different initial counter values, each marked with a different pattern of filled squares. As shown in Figure 11, the base station (gNB), acting as the reading device, sends Msg0 to the A-IoT devices. Msg0 contains a Q value (N-bit indication). Based on the Q value of 6, the A-IoT devices randomly generate an initial counter value between 0 and 2^N. The initial counter values ​​of the three A-IoT devices are 4, 8, and 15, respectively. Each time, the counter is decremented by 4. Since the initial counter values ​​of the three A-IoT devices are all greater than or equal to 4, no A-IoT device sends Msg1; they all wait for the second signaling. Upon receiving the second signaling, the counter value decrement operation is executed, and the three A-IoT devices update their counter values ​​to 0, 4, and 11, respectively. The A-IoT device with a counter value of 0 (less than 4) sends Msg1. The base station receives Msg1 and then... The A-IoT device that sent Msg1 sends Msg2. Upon receiving Msg2, the A-IoT device that sent Msg1 sends Msg3 to the base station. Only then does the base station send a new second signaling message to the A-IoT device. At this point, the other two A-IoT devices that haven't yet sent Msg1 update their counter values ​​to 0 and 7 respectively. The A-IoT device with a counter value of 0 (less than 4) sends Msg1. The base station receives Msg1 and then sends Msg2 to the A-IoT device. Upon receiving Msg2, the A-IoT device that sent Msg1 sends Msg3 to the base station. Only then does the base station send a new second signaling message to the A-IoT device. At this point, the remaining A-IoT device that hasn't yet sent Msg1 updates its counter value to 3 and sends Msg1 at its corresponding access opportunity. The base station receives Msg1 and then sends Msg2. The A-IoT device that sent Msg1 receives Msg2 and then sends Msg3 to the base station. In Figure 11, f0 and f1 represent different frequencies.

[0207] Example 6: Second signaling transmission time.

[0208] In the example above, after the A-IoT device determines that it does not need to send Msg1 on the current random access opportunity based on the comparison between the counter value and the X value, it can receive carriers in the uplink spectrum for charging. In order to avoid missing the second signaling sent by the Reader in the downlink spectrum, the A-IoT device needs to determine the time when the Reader sends the second signaling.

[0209] When the Reader sends the first or second signaling to configure a set of time-frequency domain access opportunities, it then blindly checks and receives Msg1 sent by A-IoT devices on these access opportunities. The Reader needs to blindly check all time-frequency domain access opportunities before it can determine that it has not received Msg1. Therefore, if the Reader does not receive any Msg1 from any A-IoT device, it will send the next second signaling at the time point (first time point) after the last time-frequency access opportunity configured by the first or second signaling, satisfying the first gap (first duration), as shown in Figure 12. The first gap can be the minimum value between a predefined D2R signaling and the next R2D signaling, or it can be other predefined values. Considering the SFO (Segmentation of Default Frequency) effect, the A-IoT device needs to switch to downlink spectrum listening for R2D signaling before the first time point when the maximum SFO is satisfied.

[0210] The A-IoT device ends charging before the first time point and switches to downlink spectrum listening for R2D signaling. If the Reader does not receive Msg1, it will send a new second signaling after the first time point, and the A-IoT device will determine the new first time point based on the new second signaling.

[0211] If the Reader receives Msg1, it will send Msg2 after the first time point. The A-IoT device determines the time-frequency domain resource allocation information of Msg3 based on the indication information in Msg2. The Reader will not send a new second signaling from the time it sends Msg2 until the end of this round of inventory process. Therefore, A-IoT devices that have not sent Msg1 can continue to receive carriers on the uplink spectrum for charging during the time period when other A-IoT devices that sent Msg1 send Msg3 and wait for NACK feedback. That is, if an A-IoT device receives Msg2 after the first time point, the A-IoT device will not receive the next second signaling before the second time point. As shown in Figure 13, the second time point is the time point after the last Msg3 time-domain transmission resource configured by the Msg2 signaling satisfies the second gap (second duration). The second gap is the window length for an A-IoT device to wait for NACK signaling after sending Msg3. This window length can be predefined or indicated by Msg2. Considering the impact of SFO, A-IoT devices need to switch to downlink spectrum listening for R2D signaling before the moment when the maximum SFO is met, before the second time point.

[0212] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the A-IoT device provided in the embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 14, the A-IoT device includes a memory 1420, a transceiver 1410 and a processor 1400; wherein the processor 1400 and the memory 1420 can also be physically arranged separately.

[0213] The memory 1420 is used to store computer programs; the transceiver 1410 is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor 1400.

[0214] In Figure 14, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1400 and memory represented by memory 1420. The bus architecture may also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be further described herein. A bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 1410 may be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, and other transmission media.

[0215] The processor 1400 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, while the memory 1420 can store the data used by the processor 1400 when performing operations.

[0216] The processor 1400 can be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The processor can also adopt a multi-core architecture.

[0217] Processor 1400 executes any of the methods provided in this disclosure embodiment according to obtained executable instructions by calling a computer program stored in memory 1420, including:

[0218] Receive a first signaling message sent by the reading device, the first signaling message containing a first random number;

[0219] Based on the first random number, determine the first access opportunity and send the first message on the first access opportunity.

[0220] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first random number includes:

[0221] Determine the first value based on the first random number;

[0222] Based on the first value, determine the first access opportunity.

[0223] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first numerical value includes:

[0224] If the first value is less than the second value, the first access opportunity is determined based on the first value.

[0225] The second value is obtained from the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by predefined rules or signaling sent by the network.

[0226] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity includes:

[0227] The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the m-th time domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling; or,

[0228] The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the time domain access opportunity with index n in the first signaling configuration; or,

[0229] The m-th time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling is determined as the first access opportunity; or...

[0230] The time-frequency domain access opportunity with index n configured in the first signaling is identified as the first access opportunity;

[0231] Where m equals the first value plus 1, and n equals the first value.

[0232] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first numerical value includes:

[0233] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, the system receives the second signaling sent by the reading device, updates the first value based on the second signaling, determines the first access opportunity based on the updated first value, and sends the first message on the first access opportunity.

[0234] The second signaling includes any of the following:

[0235] Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling;

[0236] Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message;

[0237] Signaling used to trigger the first value decrement.

[0238] In some embodiments, updating the first value includes:

[0239] Based on the third value, obtain the updated first value; or...

[0240] The updated first value is obtained based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling.

[0241] In some embodiments, the second signaling includes an indication field for indicating how the first value is updated.

[0242] In some embodiments, receiving a second signaling sent by the reading device includes:

[0243] Before the first time point, it is not expected to receive the second signaling. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of the first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

[0244] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0245] If the second message is received after the first time point, then the second signaling is not expected to be received before the second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last third message time domain transmission opportunity configured for the second message, with an interval of the second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the negative acknowledgment (NACK) signaling after sending the third message.

[0246] In some embodiments, determining the first numerical value based on the first random number includes:

[0247] The first value will be a value randomly selected between 0 and the maximum value of the random number.

[0248] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0249] After sending the first message on the first access opportunity, the first value is set to an invalid value or the maximum value of a random number.

[0250] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reading device provided in the embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 15, the reading device includes a memory 1520, a transceiver 1510 and a processor 1500; wherein the processor 1500 and the memory 1520 can also be physically arranged separately.

[0251] The memory 1520 is used to store computer programs; the transceiver 1510 is used to send and receive data under the control of the processor 1500.

[0252] In Figure 15, the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically linking various circuits of one or more processors represented by processor 1500 and memory represented by memory 1520. The bus architecture may also link various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be further described herein. A bus interface provides an interface. Transceiver 1510 may be multiple elements, including transmitters and receivers, providing units for communicating with various other devices over transmission media, including wireless channels, wired channels, optical fibers, and other transmission media.

[0253] The processor 1500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, while the memory 1520 can store the data used by the processor 1500 when performing operations.

[0254] The processor 1500 can be a CPU, ASIC, FPGA or CPLD, and the processor can also adopt a multi-core architecture.

[0255] Processor 1500 executes any of the methods provided in this disclosure embodiment according to obtained executable instructions by calling a computer program stored in memory 1520, including:

[0256] Send a first signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. The first random number is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first random number is greater than the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling.

[0258] In some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0259] Send a second signaling message to the A-IoT device, the second signaling message including any of the following:

[0260] Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling;

[0261] Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message;

[0262] Signaling used to trigger the first value decrement.

[0263] In some embodiments, sending a second signaling message to an A-IoT device includes:

[0264] If none of the time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling receive the first message, the second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after the first time point. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of the first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

[0265] In some embodiments, sending a second signaling message to an A-IoT device includes:

[0266] If at least one time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling receives the first message, a second message is sent to the A-IoT device, and a second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after a second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain transmission opportunity of the third message configured in the second message, with an interval of a second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the NACK signaling after sending the third message.

[0267] It should be noted that the A-IoT device and reading device provided in this disclosure can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Therefore, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiments will not be described in detail here.

[0268] The random access device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure is described below. The random access device described below and the random access method described above can be referred to in correspondence.

[0269] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of one of the structures of a random access device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. This device is applied to an A-IoT device. As shown in Figure 16, the device includes:

[0270] The receiving unit 1610 is used to receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, the first signaling containing a first random number;

[0271] The first sending unit 1620 is used to determine a first access opportunity based on a first random number and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0272] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first random number includes:

[0273] Determine the first value based on the first random number;

[0274] Based on the first value, determine the first access opportunity.

[0275] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first numerical value includes:

[0276] If the first value is less than the second value, the first access opportunity is determined based on the first value.

[0277] The second value is obtained from the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by predefined rules or signaling sent by the network.

[0278] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity includes:

[0279] The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the m-th time domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling; or,

[0280] The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the time domain access opportunity with index n in the first signaling configuration; or,

[0281] The m-th time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling is determined as the first access opportunity; or...

[0282] The time-frequency domain access opportunity with index n configured in the first signaling is identified as the first access opportunity;

[0283] Where m equals the first value plus 1, and n equals the first value.

[0284] In some embodiments, determining a first access opportunity based on a first numerical value includes:

[0285] If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, the system receives the second signaling sent by the reading device, updates the first value based on the second signaling, determines the first access opportunity based on the updated first value, and sends the first message on the first access opportunity.

[0286] The second signaling includes any of the following:

[0287] Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling;

[0288] Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message;

[0289] Signaling used to trigger the first value decrement.

[0290] In some embodiments, updating the first value includes:

[0291] Based on the third value, obtain the updated first value; or...

[0292] The updated first value is obtained based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling.

[0293] In some embodiments, the second signaling includes an indication field for indicating how the first value is updated.

[0294] In some embodiments, receiving a second signaling sent by the reading device includes:

[0295] Before the first time point, it is not expected to receive the second signaling. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of the first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

[0296] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes a first processing unit for:

[0297] If the second message is received after the first time point, then the second signaling is not expected to be received before the second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last third message time domain transmission opportunity configured for the second message, with an interval of the second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the negative acknowledgment (NACK) signaling after sending the third message.

[0298] In some embodiments, determining the first numerical value based on the first random number includes:

[0299] The first value will be a value randomly selected between 0 and the maximum value of the random number.

[0300] In some embodiments, the device further includes a second processing unit for:

[0301] After sending the first message on the first access opportunity, the first value is set to an invalid value or the maximum value of a random number.

[0302] Figure 17 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the random access device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. This device is applied to a reading device. As shown in Figure 17, the device includes:

[0303] The second sending unit 1710 is used to send a first signaling to the A-IoT device. The first signaling includes a first random number. The first random number is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

[0304] In some embodiments, the first random number is greater than the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling.

[0305] In some embodiments, the second transmitting unit 1710 is further configured to:

[0306] Send a second signaling message to the A-IoT device, the second signaling message including any of the following:

[0307] Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling;

[0308] Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message;

[0309] Signaling used to trigger the first value decrement.

[0310] In some embodiments, sending a second signaling message to an A-IoT device includes:

[0311] If none of the time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling receive the first message, the second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after the first time point. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of the first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

[0312] In some embodiments, sending a second signaling message to an A-IoT device includes:

[0313] If at least one time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling receives the first message, a second message is sent to the A-IoT device, and a second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after a second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain transmission opportunity of the third message configured in the second message, with an interval of a second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the NACK signaling after sending the third message.

[0314] It should be noted that the random access device provided in this embodiment can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Therefore, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiments will not be described in detail here.

[0315] It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiments of this disclosure is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this disclosure can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units.

[0316] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a processor-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this disclosure, in essence, or the part that contributes to related technologies, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this disclosure. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0317] In some embodiments, this disclosure also provides a processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to execute the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0318] It should be noted that the processor-readable storage medium provided in this embodiment can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. Therefore, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0319] The processor-readable storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that the processor can access, including but not limited to RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical storage (e.g., CD, DVD, BD, HVD, etc.), disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, magneto-optical disk (MO), or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer).

[0320] In some embodiments, this disclosure also provides a chip including a processor coupled to a memory for executing a computer program or instructions stored in the memory, such that when the processor executes the computer program or instructions, the methods provided in the above embodiments are implemented.

[0321] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this disclosure can be volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM). For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes the following forms: Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0322] As shown in Figure 18, this disclosure provides a chip system 1800. The chip system 1800 (or processing system) includes logic circuitry 1810 and an input / output interface 1820. The logic circuitry 1810 can be the processing circuitry within the chip system 1800. The logic circuitry 1810 can be coupled to a memory unit, calling instructions from the memory unit, enabling the chip system 1800 to implement the methods and functions of the various embodiments of this disclosure. The input / output interface 1820 can be the input / output circuitry within the chip system 1800, outputting processed information or inputting data or signaling information to be processed into the chip system 1800 for processing.

[0323] As one approach, the chip system 1800 is used to implement the operations described in the various method embodiments above. For example, the logic circuit 1810 is used to implement the relevant operations performed by each execution entity in the method embodiments above; the input / output interface 1820 is used to implement the sending and / or receiving related operations performed by each execution entity in the method embodiments above.

[0324] This disclosure also provides a processing apparatus, including a processor and an interface. The processor can be used to execute the methods described in the above-described method embodiments.

[0325] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be a single chip. For example, the processing device can be a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a System on Chip (SoC), a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Micro Controller Unit (MCU), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0326] In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software. The steps of the method disclosed in this embodiment can be executed by a hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software modules can reside in readily available storage media in the art, such as random access registers, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. Since this storage medium is located in memory, the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method; to avoid repetition, these will not be described in detail here.

[0327] It should be noted that the processor in this embodiment can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in this embodiment. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0328] The chip provided in this embodiment can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Here, the parts that are the same as those in the method embodiments and the beneficial effects will not be described in detail.

[0329] In some embodiments, this disclosure also provides a non-transitory readable storage medium storing a computer program for causing a processor to execute the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0330] The non-transiently readable storage medium provided in this disclosure can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Here, the parts that are the same as those in the method embodiments and the beneficial effects will not be described in detail.

[0331] In some embodiments, this disclosure also provides a communication device, which stores a computer program for causing the communication device to execute the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0332] The communication device provided in this disclosure can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. Here, the parts and beneficial effects that are the same as those in the method embodiments will not be described in detail.

[0333] In some embodiments, this disclosure also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0334] The computer program products provided in this disclosure can implement the method steps implemented in the corresponding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. Here, the parts that are the same as those in the method embodiments and the beneficial effects will not be described in detail.

[0335] The technical solutions provided in this disclosure are applicable to a variety of systems. For example, applicable systems may include Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems, 5G New Radio (NR) systems and their evolved communication systems, and 6G (sixth generation mobile communication technology) systems. These systems may include terminal equipment and network equipment. The systems may also include a core network component, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G core network (5GC), or a 6G core network.

[0336] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this disclosure can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this disclosure can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this disclosure can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0337] This disclosure is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this disclosure. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-executable instructions. These computer-executable instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0338] These processor-executable instructions may also be stored in a processor-readable memory that can instruct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the processor-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0339] These processor-executable instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0340] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this disclosure without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this disclosure and their equivalents, this disclosure is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A random access method applied to passive Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices, the method comprising: Receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, the first signaling containing a first random number; Based on the first random number, a first access opportunity is determined, and a first message is sent on the first access opportunity.

2. The random access method according to claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the first access opportunity based on the first random number includes: Based on the first random number, determine the first value; Based on the first value, determine the first access opportunity.

3. The random access method according to claim 2, wherein, Determining the first access opportunity based on the first value includes: If the first value is less than the second value, the first access opportunity is determined based on the first value; The second value is obtained according to predefined rules, or according to the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by the signaling sent by the network.

4. The random access method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, Determining the first access opportunity includes: The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the m-th time domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling; or, The first access opportunity is determined from at least one frequency domain access opportunity on the time domain access opportunity with index n in the first signaling configuration; or, The m-th time-frequency domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling is determined as the first access opportunity; or... The time-frequency domain access opportunity with index n configured in the first signaling is determined as the first access opportunity; Where m equals the first value plus 1, and n equals the first value.

5. The random access method according to claim 2, wherein, Determining the first access opportunity based on the first value includes: If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, the second signaling sent by the reading device is received, the first value is updated based on the second signaling, a first access opportunity is determined based on the updated first value, and a first message is sent on the first access opportunity; The second signaling includes any of the following: Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling; Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message; Signaling used to trigger the first value to decrease.

6. The random access method according to claim 5, wherein, Updating the first value includes: Based on the third value, obtain the updated first value; or... The updated first value is obtained based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling.

7. The random access method according to claim 6, wherein, The second signaling includes an indication field for indicating how the first value is updated.

8. The random access method according to claim 5, wherein, The receiving of the second signaling sent by the reading device includes: The second signaling is not expected to be received before the first time point, which is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of a first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between the reading device receiving the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and sending the signaling to the A-IoT device.

9. The random access method according to claim 8, wherein, The method further includes: If the second message is received after the first time point, then receiving the second signaling is not expected before the second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last third message time domain transmission opportunity configured in the second message, with an interval of the second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the negative acknowledgment (NACK) signaling after sending the third message.

10. The random access method according to claim 2, wherein, The step of determining the first value based on the first random number includes: A value randomly selected from 0 to M is taken as the first value, where M = 2^Q - 1 and Q is the first random number.

11. The random access method according to claim 10, wherein, The method further includes: After sending the first message on the first access opportunity, the first value is set to an invalid value or the M value.

12. A random access method applied to a reading device, the method comprising: Send a first signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. The first random number is used to determine a first access opportunity. The first access opportunity is used to send a first message.

13. The random access method according to claim 12, wherein, The method further includes: Send a second signaling message to the A-IoT device, the second signaling message including any of the following: Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling; Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message; Signaling used to trigger the first value to decrease.

14. The random access method according to claim 13, wherein, Sending the second signaling to the A-IoT device includes: If none of the time-domain access opportunities configured in the first signaling receive the first message, a second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after a first time point. The first time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain access opportunity configured in the first signaling, with an interval of a first duration. The first duration is the minimum interval between when the reading device receives the signaling sent by the A-IoT device and when it sends the signaling to the A-IoT device.

15. The random access method according to claim 13, wherein, Sending the second signaling to the A-IoT device includes: If at least one time-domain access opportunity configured by the first signaling receives the first message, a second message is sent to the A-IoT device, and a second signaling is sent to the A-IoT device after a second time point. The second time point is the time point after the end position of the last time-domain transmission opportunity of the third message configured by the second message, with an interval of a second duration. The second duration is the window length during which the A-IoT device waits to receive the NACK signaling after sending the third message.

16. An A-IoT device, comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; Memory, used to store computer programs; Transceiver, used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; Processor, configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: Receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, the first signaling containing a first random number; Based on the first random number, a first access opportunity is determined, and a first message is sent on the first access opportunity.

17. The A-IoT device according to claim 16, wherein, The step of determining the first access opportunity based on the first random number includes: Based on the first random number, determine the first value; Based on the first value, determine the first access opportunity.

18. The A-IoT device according to claim 17, wherein, Determining the first access opportunity based on the first value includes: If the first value is less than the second value, the first access opportunity is determined based on the first value; The second value is obtained according to predefined rules, or according to the number of time-domain access opportunities or the number of time-frequency domain access opportunities determined by the signaling sent by the network.

19. The A-IoT device according to claim 17, wherein, Determining the first access opportunity based on the first value includes: If the first value is greater than or equal to the second value, the second signaling sent by the reading device is received, the first value is updated based on the second signaling, a first access opportunity is determined based on the updated first value, and a first message is sent on the first access opportunity; The second signaling includes any of the following: Signalling with the same signaling format as the first signaling; Signaling used to update resource indication information for the first message; Signaling used to trigger the first value to decrease.

20. The A-IoT device according to claim 19, wherein, Updating the first value includes: Based on the third value, obtain the updated first value; or... The updated first value is obtained based on the first random number or the second random number contained in the second signaling.

21. The A-IoT device according to claim 17, wherein, The step of determining the first value based on the first random number includes: A value randomly selected from 0 to M is taken as the first value, where M = 2^Q - 1 and Q is the first random number.

22. A reading device, comprising a memory, a transceiver, and a processor; Memory, used to store computer programs; Transceiver, used to send and receive data under the control of the processor; Processor, configured to read the computer program in the memory and perform the following operations: Send a first signaling message to the A-IoT device. The first signaling message contains a first random number. The first random number is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

23. A random access device, the device comprising: The receiving unit is configured to receive a first signaling sent by the reading device, wherein the first signaling contains a first random number; The first sending unit is configured to determine a first access opportunity based on the first random number and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

24. A random access device, the device comprising: The second sending unit is configured to send a first signaling to the A-IoT device. The first signaling includes a first random number, which is used by the A-IoT device to determine a first access opportunity and send a first message on the first access opportunity.

25. A processor-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 11, or the method of any one of claims 12 to 15.

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