Methods and devices for minimization of drive tests
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/086519
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-27
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
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Figure CN2026086519_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND DEVICES FOR MINIMIZATION OF DRIVE TESTSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to communication networks, and more specifically to methods and devices for minimization of drive tests (MDT) .BACKGROUND
[0002] Consider a wireless network that has a non-terrestrial network (NTN) component. The NTN component uses a constellation of several satellites (e.g., LEO, MEO, GEO, etc. ) that can orbit using one or more orbit planes. Each satellite can provide wireless network access to user equipment (UE) positioned on, or near, the earth’s surface via the service link. This is done by satellites having on board antennas that can radiate beams towards (multiple) centers of Earth-Fixed Cells (EFCs) . These can be transmitter beams for the downlink (DL) , and receiver beams for the uplink (UL) . Notice that in the downlink the total power of the satellite antenna is shared between simultaneous DL beams, something which is not true for the UL. This setup is depicted in Figure 1.
[0003] The satellite antenna is connected to a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, e.g., a gNB in the case of 3GPP New Radio (NR) . Depending on the architecture, components of the nodes can be located either on the ground, or onboard the satellite. The ground components and the onboard components are connected through satellite gateways via the feeder link. Like the terrestrial network, each node is expected to provide coverage to a specific territory by dividing the area into coverage sectors. In the case of NTN, the nodes are using the satellites as mediums to transmit the corresponding radio signals through the beams towards those areas.
[0004] Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) can be divided into two types based on UE states when the measurement results are collected, namely, immediate, and logged MDT. Immediate MDT results are collected by the UE while it is in RRC_CONNECTED state and logged MDT results are collected by the UE while it is RRC IDLE / INACTIVE state. However, UE transmits the Logged MDT report to network once it comes back to RRC_CONNECTED state. Duration of collecting logged MDT results is defined by T330 timer and UE stores any potential un-retrieved reports up to 48hours after expiration of T330 timer.
[0005] Both Immediate and Logged MDT can further be divided into two types based on so called UE selection, signalling based and management based. Signalling based MDT is configured to a specific UE. CN forwards the necessary MDT configuration to RAN along with the specific UE information and RAN configures the UE. On the other hand, management-based MDT has its origin from OAM which provides the configuration to RAN without any specific UE information. RAN selects the UE (s) based on their consent information, a so-called User Consent.SUMMARY
[0006] The present disclosure proposes methods and devices for minimization of drive tests (MDT) .
[0007] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for performing minimization of drive test (MDT) . An MDT configuration message may be received from a network device. The MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration may include at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. MDT may be performed according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.
[0008] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for performing minimization of drive test (MDT) . An MDT configuration message may be sent to a UE. The MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. An MDT report may be received from the UE. The MDT reports may be generated according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.
[0009] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for performing minimization of drive test (MDT) . An MDT configuration message may be sent to a network device, the MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope
[0010] According to a fourth aspect of the disclosure there is provided a communication device in a communication network. The communication device may comprise a processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor. The memory may be adapted to store instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to perform steps of the method according to any one of the first aspect, the second aspect or the third aspect.
[0011] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory machine-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon. The computer program, when executed by a set of one or more processors of a communication device, causes the communication device to perform steps of the method according to any one of the first aspect, the second aspect or the third aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The present disclosure may be best understood by way of example with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings that are used to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a general overview of a communication system has an NTN component.
[0014] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary signaling diagram of a method for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0015] Figure 3 illustrates another exemplary signaling diagram of a method for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0016] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for a method for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0017] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for a method for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0018] Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for a method for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0019] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a communication device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0020] Figure 8 shows an example of a communication system 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0021] Figure 9 is another example of a communication system 900 according to some embodiments.
[0022] Figure 10 shows a wireless device 1000, which may be configured to operate in communication system 800 of Figure 8 or in communication system 900 of Figure 9.
[0023] Figure 11 shows a network node 1100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0024] Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1200 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure.
[0026] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0027] As used herein unless expressly stated to the contrary, the phrase “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” should be understood to mean any of the following “only A, only B, or both A and B. ” The phrase “A and / or B” should be understood to mean any of the following “only A, only B, or both A and B” .
[0028] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0029] It is noted that these terms as used in this document are used only for ease of description and differentiation among nodes, devices or networks etc. With the development of the technology, other terms with the similar / same meanings may also be used.
[0030] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0031] Consider a wireless network that has a non-terrestrial network (NTN) component. The NTN component uses a constellation of several satellites (e.g., LEO, MEO, GEO, etc. ) that can orbit using one or more orbit planes. Each satellite can provide wireless network access to user equipment (UE) positioned on, or near, the earth’s surface via the service link. This is done by satellites having on board antennas that can radiate beams towards (multiple) centers of Earth-Fixed Cells (EFCs) . These can be transmitter beams for the downlink (DL) , and receiver beams for the uplink (UL) . Notice that in the downlink the total power of the satellite antenna is shared between simultaneous DL beams, something which is not true for the UL.
[0032] The satellite antenna is connected to a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, e.g., a gNB in the case of 3GPP New Radio (NR) . Depending on the architecture, components of the nodes can be located either on the ground, or onboard the satellite. The ground components and the onboard components are connected through satellite gateways via the feeder link.
[0033] Like the terrestrial network, each node is expected to provide coverage to a specific territory by dividing the area into coverage sectors. In the case of NTN, the nodes are using the satellites as mediums to transmit the corresponding radio signals through the beams towards those areas.
[0034] Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT)
[0035] Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) can be divided into two types based on UE states when the measurement results are collected, namely, immediate, and logged MDT. Immediate MDT results are collected by the UE while it is in RRC_CONNECTED state and logged MDT results are collected by the UE while it is RRC IDLE / INACTIVE state. However, UE transmits the Logged MDT report to network once it comes back to RRC_CONNECTED state. Duration of collecting logged MDT results is defined by T330 timer and UE stores any potential un-retrieved reports up to 48hours after expiration of T330 timer.
[0036] Both Immediate and Logged MDT can further be divided into two types based on so called UE selection, signalling based and management based. Signalling based MDT is configured to a specific UE. CN forwards the necessary MDT configuration to RAN along with the specific UE information and RAN configures the UE. On the other hand, management-based MDT has its origin from OAM which provides the configuration to RAN without any specific UE information. RAN selects the UE (s) based on their consent information, a so-called User Consent.
[0037] Logged MDT Configuration Parameters
[0038] The logged measurement configuration consists of:
[0039] -configuration of downlink pilot strength measurements logging for (E-) UTRA and NR.
[0040] -configuration of MBSFN measurement logging for E-UTRA.
[0041] -configuration of the triggering of logging events:
[0042] -for (E-) UTRAN:
[0043] -periodic measurement trigger is supported, for which the logging interval is configurable. The parameter specifies the periodicity for storing MDT measurement results. It should be configured in seconds in multiples of the applied IDLE mode DRX, i.e. multiples of 1.28s which is either a factor or multiple of the IDLE mode DRX. The UE behaviour is unspecified when the UE is configured with a DRX cycle larger than the logging interval.
[0044] -for NR:
[0045] -periodic measurement trigger is supported, for which the logging interval is configurable. The parameter specifies the periodicity for storing MDT measurement results.
[0046] -for E-UTRAN and NR:
[0047] -event-based trigger is supported, for which the logging interval is configurable, which determines periodical logging of available data (e.g. time stamp, location information) , and the following two types of events are supported:
[0048] ● -measurement quantity-based event L1, for which the event threshold, hysteresis, and time to trigger are configurable. If the configured time to trigger is not a multiple of the DRX cycle, then the UE uses the next multiple of DRX cycle duration that is larger than the time to trigger for evaluating the event L1;
[0049] ● -out-of-coverage detection trigger.
[0050] NOTE: The logging configuration for event-based and periodical DL pilot strength logged measurements can be configured independently. Only one type of event can be configured to the UE.
[0051] -configuration of the logging duration. This configuration parameter defines a timer activated at the moment of configuration, that continues independent of state changes, RAT or RPLMN change. When the timer expires the logging is stopped and the configuration is cleared (except for the parameters that are required for further reporting e.g. network absolute time stamp, trace reference, trace recording session reference and TCE Id) .
[0052] -network absolute time stamp to be used as a time reference to UE.
[0053] -Trace Reference parameter as indicated by the OAM configuration as specified in TS 32.422.
[0054] -Trace Recording Session Reference as indicated by the OAM configuration as specified in TS 32.422.
[0055] -TCE Id as indicated by the OAM configuration as specified in TS 32.422.
[0056] - (optionally) MDT PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) List, indicating the PLMNs where measurement collection and log reporting is allowed. It is either the Management Based MDT PLMN List or the Signalling Based MDT PLMN List, depending on how the Logged MDT task was initiated.
[0057] - (optionally) configuration of a logging area. A UE will log measurements as long as it is within the configured logging area. The scope of the logging area may consist of one of:
[0058] -a list of up to 32 global cell identities for PLMN, and, for NR, additionally a list of up to 256 PNI-NPNs. If one or both of these lists are configured, the UE will only log measurements when camping in any of the cells belonging to the list of global cell identities, or in any of the cells belonging to the listed PNI-NPNs.
[0059] -a list of up to 8 TAs or 8 LAs or 8 RAs for PLMN, and, for NR, additionally a list of up to 256 PNI-NPNs. If one or both of these lists are configured, the UE will only log measurements when camping in any cell belonging to the preconfigured TA / LA / RAs, or in any of the cells belonging to the listed PNI-NPNs.
[0060] -for NR, a list of inter-frequency neighbouring cells per frequency.
[0061] -for NR, a list of up to 256 PNI-NPNs.
[0062] -for NR, a list of up to 16 SNPNs.
[0063] -for NR, a list of up to 32 global cell identities for SNPN. If this list is configured, the UE will only log measurements when camping in any of these cells.
[0064] -for NR, a list of up to 8 TAs for SNPN. If this list is configured, the UE will only log measurements when camping in any cell belonging to the configured TAs.
[0065] -The configured logging area can span one of:
[0066] -PLMNs in the MDT PLMN List. If no area is configured, the UE will log measurements throughout the PLMNs of the MDT PLMN list.
[0067] -Any configured SNPN area.
[0068] - (optionally) for NR, configuration of a list of neighbouring frequencies and / or cells, indicating the UE to include neighbouring cell's measurements as indicated in the list in the logged MDT report.
[0069] - (optionally) for E-UTRA, configuration of target MBSFN area (s) for MBSFN measurement logging. If target MBSFN area (s) is configured, UE applies it in addition to other restrictions such as the logging area. The UE will log measurements as long as it receives MBMS service from an indicated target MBSFN area and is within the configured logging area. The target MBSFN area (s) is defined by a list of up to 8 entries, where each entry indicates a carrier frequency and optionally indicates a specific MBSFN area on a carrier frequency.
[0070] - (optionally) configuration of the WLAN access point names, indicating the UE to attempt to obtain WLAN measurements associated to these access points.
[0071] - (optionally) configuration of the Bluetooth beacon names, indicating the UE to attempt to obtain Bluetooth measurements associated to these beacons.
[0072] - (optionally) for NR, configuration of the sensor names, indicating the UE to attempt to obtain sensor measurements.
[0073] - (optionally) for E-UTRA, configuration indicating the UE to attempt to obtain uncompensated barometric pressure measurements.
[0074] - (optionally) for NR, the network can use a flag to indicate if an early measurement / idle mode configuration has relevance for logged measurement purposes, indicating the UE is allowed to log the measurement results related to early measurement frequencies in the logged MDT report.
[0075] - (optionally) for NR and E-UTRA, logged MDT type flag, indicating the logged measurement configuration is the signalling based MDT.
[0076] The logging area (areaConfiguration IE in the RRC spec) , if present, configures the area scope where the UE can log MDT measurement.
[0077] To allow an operator to collect MDT measurements in a geographical area with smaller / finer granularity than cells.
[0078] both geographical area and the mapped cell ID as Area Scope of logged MDT for NTN over NGAP are feasible and confirm with RAN2 whether the geographical area defined for MBS NTN can be reused for MDT NTN.
[0079] If geographical area scope is to be used for NTN logged MDT, then the logged MDT configuration would consist of three area scope configurations, including MDT PLMN List, the legacy area scope in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities, and the geographical area scope mentioned in the above agreement.
[0080] For an NTN UE, it is important to clarify how MDT logging should be performed based on the three area scope configurations mentioned above. Specifically, it should be determined which area scope configuration applies when the NTN UE is camped on an NTN cell, a TN cell, or is in any cell selection state. This will enable the network to accurately identify the area corresponding to the received logged MDT report.
[0081] The proposed solutions outline how a UE can be configured, instructed, or directed to verify the designated area scope while conducting MDT measurement logging. These solutions also encompass configurations or instructions sent from Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) to the Radio Access Network (RAN) node. These configurations and instructions specify the conditions under which particular area scope configuration (s) should be applied.
[0082] The core essence of the solution is the procedure, polices and configurations that the involved RAN nodes and UE can apply based on the multiple area scope configurations before performing the MDT measurement logging.
[0083] The proposed solution specifies which area scope configuration applies when the NTN UE is camped on an NTN cell, a TN cell, or is in any cell selection state and enables the network to accurately identify the area corresponding to the received logged MDT report.
[0084] ● In this disclosure, a user equipment is referred to as any device using the service of a wireless network. A network node is referred to as a node capable of providing services to a UE. The solution proposed in this invention is primarily described in terms of NR, but it can also be applied to UMTS, LTE and NR as well as future RATs such as 6G.
[0085] ● The terms “measurement collection” , “measurements” and “MDT measurement” are used interchangeably.
[0086] ● This invention focuses mainly on logged MDT measurements. However, some embodiments also apply to immediate MDT.
[0087] ● In this invention, the NTN UE and NTN cell deployment is described. The proposed solutions are also applicable to other type of UEs, where a separate area scope configuration is supported for MDT collection and report.
[0088] ● In this invention, the term geographical area scope is used as a geographical area defined as one or more polygon(s) , circle(s) and / or ellipse(s) or in any other form of areas.
[0089] For logged MDT measurements, RAN nodes, such as gNBs, control when, where and on which conditions MDT reports should be collected and reported. This requires that the involved RAN nodes and the user equipment (UE) are configured with instructions, rules or polices so that they implement, or comply with, the desired MDT measurement logging behavior. To address the problem of clarifying how MDT logging should be performed based on the multiple area scope configurations described in section 错误!未找到引用源。, itshould be clearly specified which area scope configuration applies when the NTN UE is camped on an NTN cell, a TN cell, or is in any cell selection state. This will enable the network to accurately identify the area corresponding to the received logged MDT report. To this end, a UE may use one or more of these methods, each of which may be either configured by the network, UE implementation specific and / or specified in a standard which are elaborated in details below.
[0090] Detailed Solution 1
[0091] In one embodiment, when an NTN UE is configured with geographical area scope(e.g. defined as one or more polygon(s) , circle(s) and / or ellipse(s) ) , the NTN UE performs the MDT logging based on the geographical area scope irrespective if there is any other area scope configurations. Here, the any other area scope can be, e.g. in the form of MDT PLMN List, list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0092] In one embodiment, the NTN UE does not perform the geographical area scope checking and MDT measurements logging when the UE is camped to a TN cell. Simply speaking, if geographical area scope is configured, when the camped cell is an NTN cell, the UE checks the geographical area scope; when the camped cell is an TN cell, the UE stops MDT measurement logging.
[0093] Alternatively, the NTN UE performs the geographical area scope checking and MDT measurements logging irrespective if the camped cell is an NTN cell or a TN cell. If the camped cell is a TN cell, the UE still checks the geographical area scope before performing MDT logging.
[0094] In one embodiment, when the NTN UE is in any cell selection state, the UE does not check the configured geographical area scope regardless of the logged MDT report type (e.g. periodical reporting or event triggered reporting) .
[0095] Alternatively, when the NTN UE is in any cell selection state, the UE has to check the configured geographical area scope, if configured, irrespective of the logged MDT report type.
[0096] In another alternative, when the NTN UE is in any cell selection state, whether the UE need to check the configured geographical area scope, if configured, depends on the logged MDT report type. For example, for periodical logged MDT, no geographical area scope is needed; for event trigged logged MDT, e.g. out of coverage, the UE only needs to perform the MDT logging when inside the configurated geographical area scope.
[0097] In one embodiment, when the UE performs MDT logging, in addition to the logged measurements from the serving / camped cell, the MDT report also includes measurements from neighboring cells. These neighboring cells may consist solely of NTN cells or alternatively, a combination of both NTN and TN cells, or as yet another alternative these neighboring cells may be only TN cells.
[0098] In some embodiments where the UE checks the geographical area scope, it also has to check (and verify) that the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list to conclude that it should log MDT measurements.
[0099] Note that some of the solutions and embodiments mentioned above can also apply to solution 2 and 3.
[0100] Some embodiments are given below (3GPP TS 38.331 v18.5.0 is taken as the baseline) . Please note that the modifications are underlined below.
[0101] *****************start of example 1a ****************
[0102] 5.5a.3 Measurements logging
[0103] 5.5a.3.1 General
[0104] This procedure specifies the logging of available measurements by a UE in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE that has a logged measurement configuration. The actual process of logging within the UE, takes place in RRC_IDLE state could continue in RRC_INACTIVE state or vice versa.
[0105] 5.5a.3.2 Initiation
[0106] While T330 is running and SDT procedure is not ongoing, the UE shall:
[0107] 1> if measurement logging is suspended:
[0108] 2> if during the last logging interval the IDC problems detected by the UE is resolved, resume measurement logging;
[0109] 1> if not suspended, perform the logging in accordance with the following:
[0110] 2> if the reportType is set to periodical in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0111] 3> if the UE is in any cell selection state (as specified in TS 38.304
[0020] ) :
[0112] 4> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0113] 3> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope:
[0114] 4> if the camped cell is an NTN cell:
[0115] 5> for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0116] 6> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope;
[0117] 3> else:
[0118] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0119] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0120] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0121] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0122] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0123] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by snpn-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0124] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0125] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered, and eventType is set to outOfCoverage:
[0126] 3> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the UE is in any cell selection state;
[0127] 3> upon transition from any cell selection state to camped normally state in NR:
[0128] 4> if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope:
[0129] 5> if the current camping cell is an NTN cell:
[0130] 6> if the UE is inside the geographical area scope indicated by areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig :
[0131] 7> perform the logging;
[0132] 4> else
[0133] 5> if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport, or if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport; and
[0134] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0135] 6> perform the logging;
[0136] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and eventType is set to eventL1:
[0137] 3> if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope:
[0138] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NTN cell, for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0139] 5> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope and only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0140] 3> else:
[0141] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0142] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0143] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0144] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0145] 5> if the current serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig;
[0146] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0147] 2> when performing the logging:
[0148] ……
[0149] *************************end of example
[0150] 1a****************************
[0151] ******************************start of example 1b
[0152] ************************************
[0153] 5.5a.3 Measurements logging
[0154] 5.5a.3.1 General
[0155] This procedure specifies the logging of available measurements by a UE in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE that has a logged measurement configuration. The actual process of logging within the UE, takes place in RRC_IDLE state could continue in RRC_INACTIVE state or vice versa.
[0156] 5.5a.3.2 Initiation
[0157] While T330 is running and SDT procedure is not ongoing, the UE shall:
[0158] 1> if measurement logging is suspended:
[0159] 2> if during the last logging interval the IDC problems detected by the UE is resolved, resume measurement logging;
[0160] 1> if not suspended, perform the logging in accordance with the following:
[0161] 2> if the reportType is set to periodical in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0162] 3> if the UE is in any cell selection state (as specified in TS 38.304
[0020] ) :
[0163] 4> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0164] 3> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport and if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope:
[0165] 4> if the camped cell is an NTN cell:
[0166] 5> for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0167] 6> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope;
[0168] 3> else:
[0169] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0170] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0171] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0172] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0173] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0174] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by snpn-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0175] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0176] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered, and eventType is set to outOfCoverage:
[0177] 3> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the UE is in any cell selection state;
[0178] 3> upon transition from any cell selection state to camped normally state in NR:
[0179] 4> if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope and if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0180] 5> if the current camping cell is an NTN cell:
[0181] 6> if the UE is inside the geographical area scope indicated by areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig :
[0182] 7> perform the logging;
[0183] 4> else
[0184] 5> if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport, or if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport; and
[0185] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0186] 6> perform the logging;
[0187] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and eventType is set to eventL1:
[0188] 3> if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope and if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0189] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NTN cell, for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0190] 5> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope and only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0191] 3> else:
[0192] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0193] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0194] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0195] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0196] 5> if the current serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig;
[0197] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0198] 2> when performing the logging:
[0199] ……
[0200] *************************end of example 1b*************************
[0201] Detailed Solution 2
[0202] In one embodiment, when an NTN UE is configured with both geographical area scope (e.g. defined as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) ) and other area scope configuration (s) , the NTN UE performs the MDT logging based on the geographical area scope if the UE is camped on an NTN cell, while the NTN UE performs the logging based on the other area scope configurations if the UE is camped on a TN cell. Here, the other area scope can be, e.g. in the form of MDT PLMN List, list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0203] In one embodiment, when the NTN UE is in any cell selection state, for event trigged logged MDT, e.g. out of coverage, the NTN UE checks the geographical area scope if configured before performing the MDT measurements logging. Alternatively, the need to check the geographical area scope configuration or any other area scope configurations before performing MDT measurement logging depends on the type of reference cell (s) , where the reference cell (s) can be e.g. last suitable cell that the UE was camping on, or the last cell before entering the any cell selection state. In one example, if the reference cell (s) is an NTN cell, then geographical area scope is checked; if the reference cell (s) is a TN cell, then the other area scope configuration is checked. Here, the other area scope can be, e.g. in the form of MDT PLMN List, list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0204] In another embodiment, when the NTN UE is in any selection state, if the UE detects an NTN cell, it determines that checking of the geographical area scope is needed before staring logging MDT measurements.
[0205] In one embodiment, when the UE performs MDT logging, in addition to the logged measurements from the serving / camped cell, the MDT report also includes measurements from neighboring cells. These neighboring cells may consist solely of NTN cells or solely of TN cells, or a combination of both NTN and TN cells.
[0206] In some embodiments where the UE checks the geographical area scope, it also has to check (and verify) that the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list to conclude that it should log MDT measurements.
[0207] Some embodiments are given below (3GPP TS 38.331 v18.5.0 is taken as the baseline) . Please note that the modifications are underlined below.
[0208] *******************start of example 2a ********************
[0209] 5.5a.3 Measurements logging
[0210] 5.5a.3.1 General
[0211] This procedure specifies the logging of available measurements by a UE in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE that has a logged measurement configuration. The actual process of logging within the UE, takes place in RRC_IDLE state could continue in RRC_INACTIVE state or vice versa.
[0212] 5.5a.3.2 Initiation
[0213] While T330 is running and SDT procedure is not ongoing, the UE shall:
[0214] 1> if measurement logging is suspended:
[0215] 2> if during the last logging interval the IDC problems detected by the UE is resolved, resume measurement logging;
[0216] 1> if not suspended, perform the logging in accordance with the following:
[0217] 2> if the reportType is set to periodical in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0218] 3> if the UE is in any cell selection state (as specified in TS 38.304
[0020] ) :
[0219] 4> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0220] 3> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NTN cell:
[0221] 4> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0222] 5> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0223] 4> else if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope, for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0224] 5> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope;
[0225] 3> else:
[0226] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0227] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0228] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0229] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0230] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0231] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by snpn-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0232] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0233] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered, and eventType is set to outOfCoverage:
[0234] 3> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the UE is in any cell selection state;
[0235] 3> upon transition from any cell selection state to camped normally state in NR:
[0236] 4> if the current camping cell is an NTN cell:
[0237] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the UE is inside the geographical area scope indicated by areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig :
[0238] 6> perform the logging;
[0239] 4> else
[0240] 5> if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport, or if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport; and
[0241] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0242] 6> perform the logging;
[0243] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and eventType is set to eventL1:
[0244] 3> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NTN cell:
[0245] 4> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0246] 5> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0247] 4> else if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope, for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0248] 5> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope and only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0249] 3> else:
[0250] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0251] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0252] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0253] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0254] 5> if the current serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig;
[0255] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0256] 2> when performing the logging:
[0257] ……
[0258] ********************end of example 2a ****************************
[0259] *********************start of example 2b ***************************
[0260] 5.5a.3 Measurements logging
[0261] 5.5a.3.1 General
[0262] This procedure specifies the logging of available measurements by a UE in RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE that has a logged measurement configuration. The actual process of logging within the UE, takes place in RRC_IDLE state could continue in RRC_INACTIVE state or vice versa.
[0263] 5.5a.3.2 Initiation
[0264] While T330 is running and SDT procedure is not ongoing, the UE shall:
[0265] 1> if measurement logging is suspended:
[0266] 2> if during the last logging interval the IDC problems detected by the UE is resolved, resume measurement logging;
[0267] 1> if not suspended, perform the logging in accordance with the following:
[0268] 2> if the reportType is set to periodical in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0269] 3> if the UE is in any cell selection state (as specified in TS 38.304
[0020] ) :
[0270] 4> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0271] 3> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NTN cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0272] 4> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0273] 5> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0274] 4> else if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope, for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0275] 5> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope;
[0276] 3> else:
[0277] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0278] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0279] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0280] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0281] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0282] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by snpn-ConfigList in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0283] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig;
[0284] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered, and eventType is set to outOfCoverage:
[0285] 3> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the UE is in any cell selection state;
[0286] 3> upon transition from any cell selection state to camped normally state in NR:
[0287] 4> if the current camping cell is an NTN cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0288] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the UE is inside the geographical area scope indicated by areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig :
[0289] 6> perform the logging;
[0290] 4> else
[0291] 5> if the RPLMN is included in plmn-IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport, or if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport; and
[0292] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0293] 6> perform the logging;
[0294] 2> else if the reportType is set to eventTriggered and eventType is set to eventL1:
[0295] 3> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NTN cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0296] 4> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig:
[0297] 5> perform the logging at regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0298] 4> else if areaConfiguration included in VarLogMeasConfig indicates a geographical area scope, for each regular time intervals, as defined by the loggingInterval in the VarLogMeasConfig:
[0299] 5> perform the logging, if the UE is inside the indicated geographical area scope and only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0300] 3> else:
[0301] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the RPLMN is included in plmn- IdentityList stored in VarLogMeasReport; or
[0302] 4> if the UE is in camped normally state on an NR cell and if the registered SNPN identity is included in snpn-ConfigID-List stored in VarLogMeasReport:
[0303] 5> if areaConfiguration is not included in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0304] 5> if the serving cell is part of the area indicated by areaConfig in areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig; or
[0305] 5> if the current serving cell is part of the area indicated by cag-ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig, or if the current camping cell is part of the area indicated by snpn- ConfigList of areaConfiguration in VarLogMeasConfig;
[0306] 6> perform the logging at regular time intervals as defined by the loggingInterval in VarLogMeasConfig only when the conditions indicated by the eventL1 are met;
[0307] 2> when performing the logging:
[0308] ……
[0309] *******************end of example 2b ***************************
[0310] Detailed Solution 3
[0311] In one embodiment, when an NTN UE is configured with both geographical area scope (e.g. defined as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) ) and other area scope configuration (s) (e.g. in the form of MDT PLMN List, list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities) , the NTN UE performs the MDT logging based on a combination of the geographical area scope and the other area scope configuration (s) .
[0312] In one example, when a UE is camped on an NTN cell, the UE checks more than one condition below. The MDT measurements is logged only when a certain combination of the following conditions are fulfilled, e.g. when both condition 1 and condition 2 are fulfilled, or when all the three conditions are fulfilled:
[0313] ● Condition 1: if the UE is inside the geographical area scope.
[0314] ● Condition 2: if the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list.
[0315] ● Condition 3: if the camped cell is part of the area scope indicated by the list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0316] In a variation of the embodiment, a condition governing how the UE’s location / camping cell determines whether the UE logs MDT measurements depends on the situation related to both the geographical area scope and the other configured area scope. Examples of such conditions include e.g. :
[0317] ● Condition A: The UE logs MDT measurements if the UE is located in at least one of the configured area scopes, i.e. the UE is located in either the geographical area scope or in the other area scope (i.e. the camping cell is part of the area scope indicated by the list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities) , or the UE is located in the geographical area scope and the UE’s camping cell is part of the area scope indicated by the MDT PLMN list, list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0318] ● Condition B: The UE logs MDT measurements if the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list and the UE is located in at least one of the configured area scopes, i.e. the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list and in addition the UE is located in either the geographical area scope or in the other area scope (i.e. the camping cell is part of the area scope indicated by the list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities) , or the UE is located in the geographical area scope and the UE’s camping cell is part of the area scope indicated by the list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities
[0319] ● Condition C: The UE logs MDT measurements only if the UE is located in both configured area scopes, i.e. the UE logs MDT measurements only if it is located inside the geographical area scope and the UE’s camping cell is part of the area scope indicated by the MDT PLMN list, list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI- NPN identities or SNPN identities. (Note that this condition be formed by combining condition 1 and condition 3 above. )
[0320] ● Condition D: The UE logs MDT measurements only if the UE is located in both configured area scopes and the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list, i.e. the UE logs MDT measurements only if it is located inside the geographical area scope and the UE’s camping cell is part of the area scope indicated by the list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities, and the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list. (Note that this condition be formed by combining condition 1, condition 2 and condition 3 above. )
[0321] In one embodiment, some additional information is transmitted to the UE about the instructions or rules on whether to check the geographical area scope or other area scope or both under certain conditions. For example, when a UE is camped on an NTN cell, the network can indicate to the UE to check solely the geographical area scope or a combination of two or more of condition 1, condition 2 and condition 3 mentioned above.
[0322] In one embodiment, the network configures the UE with instructions on whether to apply condition A, B, C or D when determining whether to log MDT measurements.
[0323] In another embodiment, the network configures the UE with instructions on whether to apply condition 1, 2, 3, A, B, C or D (or any other condition specified in the applicable standard) , or a combination of two or more thereof, when determining whether to log MDT measurement s.
[0324] In one embodiment, a NTN UE may be requested to include the information on which area configuration is checked in the MDT measurement report, e.g. geographical area scope or the other area scope configurations (or both) .
[0325] Further embodiments, extensions and variations
[0326] In one embodiment, the network node (e.g. a RAN node, e.g. a gNB or a 6G radio base station) receives from the OAM an MDT configuration. Such a configuration may be for logged MDT or immediate MDT and may include instructions or rules on whether to check the geographical area scope or other area scope or any other condition (or combination of conditions) under certain conditions / situations. For example, the instructions or rules can be in any form of solution 1, 2 or 3 mentioned above, and / or the instructions or rules can comprise instructions or rules for which of the above mentioned (in detailed solution 3) conditions, or combination of conditions, a UE configured with the MDT configuration should apply.
[0327] Optionally, as part of this configuration, the OAM may request for UE to include in the MDT measurement report on which area scope configuration or area scopes is / are checked in the MDT measurement report, e.g. geographical area scope or the other area scope configuration or both.
[0328] In one embodiment, for immediate MDT collection, the geographical area scope configuration should be signalled to the UE using a new RRC signaling or existing RRC signaling. In another embodiment, for immediate MDT collection, the UE is requested to report its location, then the RAN node can check if UE is inside or outside the geographical area by the RAN node itself.
[0329] In one embodiment, the UE checks the geographical area scope if GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is available, i.e. if the UE can determine its location using GNSS measurement (s) , otherwise the UE checks the other area scope configuration, where the other area scope configuration may comprise an MDT PLMN list, a list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. In a related embodiment, or an extension of this embodiment, the network instructs the UE to use this principle, or provides the UE with rules determining when the UE should use this principle.
[0330] In another embodiment, if the RPLMN is included in the configured MDT PLMN list, the UE checks the geographical area scope if GNSS is available, i.e. if the UE can determine its location using GNSS measurement (s) , otherwise the UE checks the other area scope configuration, where the other area scope configuration may comprise an MDT PLMN list, a list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. In a related embodiment, or an extension of this embodiment, the network instructs the UE to use this principle, or provides the UE with rules determining when the UE should use this principle.
[0331] In another embodiment, when the UE is in a TN, the UE checks the geographical area scope if GNSS is available, i.e. if the UE can determine its location using GNSS measurement (s) , otherwise the UE checks the other area scope configuration, where the other area scope configuration may comprise an MDT PLMN list, a list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. Furthermore, as one option, if the UE is located in an NTN and GNSS is not available, the UE does not log any MDT measurements. As another option, if the UE is located in an NTN and GNSS is not available, the UE logs MDT measurements (as if it had determined that it is in the area scope) . In a related embodiment, or an extension of this embodiment, the network instructs the UE to use this principle (and which option if any) , or provides the UE with rules determining when the UE should use this principle (and which option if any) .
[0332] In another embodiment, when the UE is in an NTN, the UE checks the geographical area scope if GNSS is available, i.e. if the UE can determine its location using GNSS measurement (s) , otherwise the UE checks the other area scope configuration, where the other area scope configuration may comprise an MDT PLMN list, a list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. Furthermore, as one option, if the UE is located in a TN, the UE checks the other area scope configuration, where the other area scope configuration may comprise an MDT PLMN list, a list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. As another option, the UE checks the geographical area scope if GNSS is available also when the UE is located in a TN, but if GNSS is not available, the UE uses the other area scope.
[0333] In any or all of the above embodiments and options comprising a GNSS availability condition, the condition that GNSS is available may be replaced by a condition that the UE can determine / estimate its own location (with sufficient accuracy) using whatever means to do that (including e.g. UE-internal sensors, such as accelerometers, gyros and / or a compass) .
[0334] In one embodiment, the UE’s support for means to determine its own location, e.g. using GNSS, to use to determine whether the UE is located inside or outside a geographical area scope for MDT is optional and the UE signals whether it supports this in the UE capability information it sends to the network. If this signaling indicates lack of such support for a certain UE, the network, e.g. a gNB or a 6G radio base station, does not configure a geographical area scope for that UE. Instead, the network may rely on another area scope configuration, e.g. including an MDT PLMN list, a list of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities, e.g. received from the OAM system, and configure the UE with that other area scope configuration. As another option, if the UE indicates that it cannot determine its own location, the network translates a geographical area scope (which may have been received from the OAM system) into an area scope configuration comprising areas related to the network, e.g. a list of cells, a list of tracking area identities or tracking area codes, a list of PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities, and / or a list of PLMN IDs. As yet another option, if the UE indicates that it cannot determine its own location and the MDT configuration the network (e.g. a gNB or a 6G radio base station) receives from the OAM (possibly sent directly from the OAM to the RAN or sent from the OAM via the core network to the RAN) includes a geographical area scope configuration, the network does not configure the UE with that MDT configuration (with an optional exception for cases of signaling-based MDT configuration targeting that specific UE) . As yet another option., if the UE indicates that it cannot determine its own location and the MDT configuration the network (e.g. a gNB or a 6G radio base station) receives from the OAM (possibly sent directly from the OAM to the RAN or sent from the OAM via the core network to the RAN) includes a geographical area scope configuration, but not other area scope configuration, the network does not configure the UE with that MDT configuration (with an optional exception for cases of signaling-based MDT configuration targeting that specific UE) .
[0335] In the above embodiments and options related to a signaled UE capability indicating whether the UE is able to determine its own location, this capability can be replaced by a capability to use GNSS measurements to determine the UE location, i.e. essentially a UE capability indicating whether the UE supports GNSS.
[0336] Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary signaling diagram of a method 200 for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0337] At step 201, the OAM may send a MDT configuration message to the gNB. The MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. As an example, the operator area scope may include an MDT PLMN List. As an example, the logging area scope may in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. As an alternative, the gNB may not receive the geographic area scope from the gNB, but predefine or pre-store it.
[0338] As an example, the geographic area scope may be a fixed area scope. As an example, the geographic area scope may be smaller than a coverage of a satellite, the specific size of the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual implementations. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual geographic location, such as the geographic area scope may be a nation, a city, a country, a town, or any other administrative divisions. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) .
[0339] At step 202, the gNB send the MDT configuration message to a UE. The MDT configuration may the same as received from the OAM or be part of it. Then, the UE may perform MDT according to at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope.
[0340] As an example, the UE may perform MDT according to the geographical area scope, if the geographical area scope is received in the MDT configuration message.
[0341] As an example, the UE may receive a report type from the gNB; determine an area scope from the at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope based on the report type; and perform MDT according to the determined area scope.
[0342] As an example, the UE may determine an area scope from the at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope based on the UE state, the UE state including camped normally to NTN cell or camped normally to TN cell or any cell selection state; and perform MDT according to the determined area scope according to the determined area scope.
[0343] As an example, the UE may perform MDT according to any combination of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.
[0344] As an example, the MDT configuration message further includes one or more criteria associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope. As an example, the UE may perform MDT based on the one or more criteria. As an example, wherein the one or more criteria is determined based on at least one of: if the UE is capable of determine its location; or whether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell.
[0345] As an example, the UE may determine an area scope based on at least one of: if the UE is capable of determine its location; or whether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell; and perform MDT according to the determined area scope.
[0346] As an example, the geographic area scope is sent by a new RRC signaling or an existing RRC signaling.
[0347] Although the gNB and OAM are illustrated as two separate devices here. In an embodiment, the gNB and OAM can be located in a single entity or distributed across multiple entities according to practice implementation.
[0348] At step 204, the UE may send an MDT report to the gNB to report its MDT measurement s.
[0349] With the above procedure, the UE may accurately identify which area scope is used to perform MDT.
[0350] Figure 3 illustrates another exemplary signaling diagram of a method 300 for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0351] At step 301, the OAM may send a MDT configuration message to the gNB. The MDT configuration message includes an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. As an example, the operator area scope may include an MDT PLMN List. As an example, the logging area scope may in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities. As an alternative, the gNB may not receive the geographic area scope from the gNB, but predefine or pre-store it.
[0352] As an example, the geographic area scope may be a fixed area scope. As an example, the geographic area scope may be smaller than a coverage of a satellite, the specific size of the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual implementations. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual geographic location, such as the geographic area scope may be a nation, a city, a country, a town, or any other administrative divisions. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) .
[0353] At step 302, the gNB may send a location request to a UE. At step 303, the UE may report its location to the gNB. Then, at step 304, the gNB may determine whether the UE is within the geographic area scope, and if yes, send an MDT request to the UE in step 305.
[0354] At step 306, the UE may perform MDT in response of the MDT request, and then send an MDT report to the gNB to report its MDT measurements.
[0355] With the above procedure, the UE may accurately identify which area scope is used to perform MDT.
[0356] Although the gNB and OAM are illustrated as two separate devices here. In an embodiment, the gNB and OAM can be located in a single entity or distributed across multiple entities according to practice implementation.
[0357] Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for a method 400 for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be implemented on a UE.
[0358] The method comprises in step 402, receiving a MDT configuration message from a network device. The MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. As an example, the operator area scope may include an MDT PLMN List. As an example, the logging area scope may in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0359] As an example, the geographic area scope may be a fixed area scope. As an example, the geographic area scope may be smaller than a coverage of a satellite, the specific size of the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual implementations. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual geographic location, such as the geographic area scope may be a nation, a city, a country, a town, or any other administrative divisions. As an example, the geographic area scope may be define d as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) .
[0360] In step 404, the method comprises performing MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.
[0361] As an example, the UE may perform MDT according to the geographical area scope, if the geographical area scope is received in the MDT configuration message.
[0362] As an example, the UE may receive a report type from the network device; determine an area scope from the at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope based on the report type; and perform MDT according to the determined area scope.
[0363] As an example, the UE may determine an area scope from the at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope based on the UE state, the UE state including camped normally to NTN cell or camped normally to TN cell or any cell selection state; and perform MDT according to the determined area scope according to the determined area scope.
[0364] As an example, the UE may perform MDT according to any combination of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.
[0365] As an example, the MDT configuration message further includes one or more criteria associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope. As an example, the UE may perform MDT based on the one or more criteria. As an example, wherein the one or more criteria is determined based on at least one of: if the UE is capable of determine its location; or whether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell.
[0366] As an example, the UE may determine an area scope based on at least one of: if the UE is capable of determine its location; or whether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell; and perform MDT according to the determined area scope.
[0367] As an example, the geographic area scope is sent by a new RRC signaling or an existing RRC signaling.
[0368] The above steps are only examples, and the UE may perform any related actions described with respect to Figure 2 to 3.
[0369] Figure 5 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for a method for performing MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclo sure. The method 400 may be implemented on a network device. As an example, the network device may include a gNB, or an NTN satellite component.
[0370] The method comprises in step 402, sending a MDT configuration message or an MDT request message to a UE. The MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. As an example, the operator area scope may include an MDT PLMN List. As an example, the logging area scope may in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0371] As an example, the geographic area scope may be a fixed area scope. As an example, the geographic area scope may be smaller than a coverage of a satellite, the specific size of the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual implementations. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual geographic location, such as the geographic area scope may be a nation, a city, a country, a town, or any other administrative divisions. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) .
[0372] In step 404, the method comprises receiving an MDT report from the UE according to the MDT configuration message.
[0373] As an example, the MDT reports may be generated according to the geographical area scope, if the geographical area scope is sent in the MDT configuration message.
[0374] As an example, the MDT reports may be generated according to the geographical area scope, if the UE is camped on an NTN cell.
[0375] As an example, the MDT reports may be generated according to at least one of the operator area scope or the logging area scope, if the UE is camped on a Terrestrial Network (TN) cell.
[0376] As an example, the MDT configuration message may further include one or more criteria associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope, and the method includes performing MDT based on the one or more criteria.
[0377] As an example, the one or more criteria is determined based on at least one of: if the UE is capable of determine its location; or whether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell.
[0378] As an example, the method may comprise receiving an indication to whether the UE is capable of determining its location from the UE.
[0379] As an example, the method may comprise sending a location request to the UE, if the indication indicates that the UE is capable of determining its location; receiving the location of the UE in response to the location request; and instead of the MDT configuration message, sending an MDT request to the UE, if the location of the UE is within the geographic area scope.
[0380] The above steps are only examples, and the network device may perform any related actions described with respect to Figure 2 to 3.
[0381] Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for a method for MDT according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 400 may be implemented on a network management device, e.g. an OAM device.
[0382] The method may comprise in step 602, sending a MDT configuration message to a network device. The MDT configuration message may include an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope. As an example, the operator area scope may include an MDT PLMN List. As an example, the logging area scope may in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.
[0383] As an example, the geographic area scope may be a fixed area scope. As an example, the geographic area scope may be smaller than a coverage of a satellite, the specific size of the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual implementations. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined according to actual geographic location, such as the geographic area scope may be a nation, a city, a country, a town, or any other administrative divisions. As an example, the geographic area scope may be defined as one or more polygon (s) , circle (s) and / or ellipse (s) .
[0384] As an example, the MDT configuration message may further include one or more criteria associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope, and an MDT report is generated according to the one or more criteria.
[0385] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a communication device 700 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be appreciated that the communication device 700 may be implemented using components other than those illustrated in Figure 7.
[0386] With reference to Figure 7, the communication device 700 may comprise at least a processor 701, a memory 702, an interface and a communication medium. The processor 701, the memory 702 and the interface are communicatively coupled to each other via the communication medium.
[0387] The processor 701 includes one or more processing units. A processing unit may be a physical device or article of manufacture comprising one or more integrated circuits that read data and instructions from computer readable media, such as the memory 702, and selectively execute the instructions. In various embodiments, the processor 701 is implemented in various ways. As an example, the processor 701 may be implemented as one or more processing cores. As another example, the processor 701 may comprise one or more separate microprocessors. In yet another example, the processor 701 may comprise an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that provides specific functionality. In yet another example, the processor 701 provides specific functionality by using an ASIC and by executing computer-executable instructions.
[0388] The memory 702 includes one or more computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium capable of storing data and / or computer-executable instructions. It should be appreciated that the storage medium is preferably a non-transitory storage medium.
[0389] The communication medium facilitates communication among the processor 701, the memory 702 and the interface. The communication medium may be implemented in various ways. For example, the communication medium may comprise a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI Express bus, an accelerated graphics port (AGP) bus, a serial Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interconnect, a parallel ATA interconnect, a Fiber Channel interconnect, a USB bus, a Small Computing System Interface (SCSI) interface, or another type of communications medium. The interface could be coupled to the processor. Information and data as described above in connection with the methods may be sent via the interface.
[0390] In the example of Figure 7, the instructions stored in the memory 702 may include those that, when executed by the processor 701, cause the communication device 700 to implement the methods described with respect to any one of Figs. 4-6.
[0391] Figure 8 shows an example of a communication system 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0392] In the example, the communication system 800 includes a telecommunications network 802 that includes an access network 804, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network 806, which includes one or more core network nodes 808. The access network 804 includes one or more access network nodes or base stations of various types, access network nodes 810A and 810B are depicted (which may be collectively referred to as network nodes 810) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non- 3GPP access points (APs) . Some embodiments of the access network 804 may include more than one access network technology. The network nodes 810 of access network 804 facilitate direct or indirect connection of wireless devices, also referred to as user equipments (UEs) , such as by connecting UEs 812A, 812B, 812C, and 812D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 812) to the core network 806 over one or more wireless connections.
[0393] Moreover, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunications network 802 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a network node in the telecommunications network 802 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other network nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any network node in the telecommunications network 802, including one or more access network nodes 810 and / or core network nodes 808.
[0394] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O- CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . An ORAN network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN network node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.
[0395] The network nodes 810 facilitate direct or indirect connection of one or more UEs 812 to the core network 806 over one or more wireless connections. Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 800 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 800 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0396] The UEs 812 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 810 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 808, 810 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via other devices of telecommunications network 802) with the UEs 812 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunications network 802 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunications network 802. More specifically, UEs 812 may send messages, data, and / or other signals to network nodes 808, 810 or other elements of the telecommunications network 802 by transmitting such signals to the relevant device directly without the signals passing through any intervening devices or by transmitting such signals to the relevant device indirectly through an intervening device (or multiple intervening devices) that then transmit the signal to the relevant device. Similarly, network nodes 808, 810 may send messages, data, and other signals to UEs 8122, other network nodes 808, 810, and other devices in telecommunications network 802 directly or indirectly. As one specific example, a core network node 108 may transmit a particular message to a UE 812 by transmitting the message to an access network node 810 that will then transmit the message to the intended UE 812. Similarly, a core network node 108 may receive a particular message from a UE 812 by receiving the message from an access network node 810 that itself received the message from the UE 812.
[0397] In the depicted example, the core network 806 connects elements of the access network 804 (e.g., one or more of the network nodes 810) to one or more host computing systems, such as host 816. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 806 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 808) of various types, one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 808. Network nodes 808 are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, access network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 808. Example core network nodes provide functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0398] The host 816 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 804 and / or the telecommunications network 802. The host 816 may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 816 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0399] As a whole, the communication system 800 of Figure 8 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system 800 may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (Wi-Fi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-Max) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, Li-Fi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox. Moreover, the communication system 800 may be configured to support multiple different standards, protocols, or other rule sets, with individual components supporting all of the relevant rule sets or with different components or sub-systems within the communication system 800 supporting different standards, protocols, or rule sets.
[0400] As one example, in certain embodiments, access network 804 may contain some access network nodes 810 that support 3GPP radio access technologies (RAT) , such as LTE or NR, while other access network nodes 810 support (or the same access network nodes 810 additionally support) non-3GPP RATs, such as Wi-Fi or a proprietary RAT. As another example, telecommunications network 802 may support multiple generations of related communication standards (e.g., 4G and 5G 3GPP communication standards) and, as a result, may include an access network 104 and / or a core network 106 that supports multiple different standard generations or may include multiple access networks 104 and / or multiple core networks 106 with individual networks 104, 106 supporting different standard generations.
[0401] Telecommunications network 802 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunications network 802. For example, the telecommunications network 802 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0402] In some examples, one or more of the UEs 812 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 804 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 804. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi- standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0403] In the example, the hub 814 communicates with the access network 804 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 812C and / or 812D) and network nodes (e.g., network node 810B) . In some examples, the hub 814 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 814 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 806 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 814 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 810, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 814.
[0404] As another example, the hub 814 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 814 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 814 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 814 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 814 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0405] The hub 814 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 810B. The hub 814 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 814 and UEs (e.g., UE 812C and / or 812D) , and between the hub 814 and the core network 806. In other examples, the hub 814 is connected to the core network 806 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 814 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 804 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 810 while still connected via the hub 814 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 814 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 810B. In other embodiments, the hub 814 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 810B, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0406] Figure 9 is another example of a communication system 900 according to some embodiments. As used herein, the communication system 900 includes multiple access points (APs) 910 (with four exemplary APs 910A, 910B, 910C, and 910D being depicted) and multiple wireless devices, referred to in the context of communication system 900 as stations (STAs) 912 (referred to individually as STA 912A, STA 912B, STA 912C, STA 912D, and STA 912E) . STA 912A is served by AP 910A in a first basic service set (BSS) 920A. STA 910B and STA 910C are served by AP 910B in a second BSS, BSS 920B. STA 912D is served by AP 910C in a third BSS, BSS 920C. STA 912E is served by AP 910D in a fourth BSS, BSS 920D. Stations 912 may be non-AP STAs and correspond to various kinds of wireless devices, for example, user terminals, such as mobile or stationary computing devices like smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, gaming devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs) for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , or the like. Further, stations 912 could, for example, correspond to other kinds of equipment like smart home devices, printers, multimedia devices, data storage devices, or the like.
[0407] Each of STAs 912 may connect through a radio link to one of APs 910. For example, depending on location or channel conditions experienced by a given STA 912, the STA may select an appropriate AP and BSS for establishing the radio link. The radio link may be based on one or more orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) carriers from a frequency spectrum that is shared on the basis of a contention-based mechanism, e.g., an unlicensed or license exempt band like 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, the 5 GHz band, the 6 GHz band, or the 60 GHz band.
[0408] Each AP 910 may provide data connectivity to STAs 912 connected to a particular AP 910. As illustrated, APs 910 may be connected to a data network 930. In this way, APs 910 may also provide data connectivity between STAs 912 and other entities, e.g., to one or more servers, service providers, data sources, data sinks, user terminals, or the like. Accordingly, the radio link established between a given STA 912 and its serving AP 910 may be used for providing various kinds of services to STA 912, e.g., a voice service, a multimedia service, or other data service. Such services may be based on applications that are executed on STA 912 and / or on a device linked to STA 912. By way of example, Figure 9 illustrates an application service platform 932 provided in data network 930. The application (s) executed on STA 912 and / or on one or more other devices linked to STA 912 may use the radio link for data communication with one or more other STA 912 and / or the application service platform 932, thereby enabling utilization of the corresponding service (s) at STA 912.
[0409] Figure 10 shows a wireless device 1000, which may be configured to operate in communication system 800 of Figure 8 or in communication system 900 of Figure 90. The wireless device 1000 may be alternatively referred to as a UE 1000, like a UE 812 within the context of communication system 800, or as a station (STA) 1000 or as a non-access- point station (non-AP STA) 1000, like a STA 912 within the context of the communication system 900, in accordance with respective embodiments. As used herein, a wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer- premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, and wireless terminal. Other examples include any type of UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0410] A wireless device 1000 may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short- Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, wireless device 1000 may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, wireless device 1000 may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, wireless device 1000 may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0411] In particular embodiments, wireless device 1000 includes processing circuitry 1002 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1004 to an input / output interface 1006, a power source 1008, a memory 1010, a communication interface 1012, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain embodiments of wireless device 1000 may include all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 10. The level of integration between the components may vary from one embodiment of wireless device 1000 to another. In general, in a particular embodiment of wireless device 1000, processing circuitry 1002, input / output interface 1006, power source 1008, memory 1010, and communication interface 1012 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of wireless device 1000. Further, certain embodiments of wireless devices 1000 may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0412] The processing circuitry 1002 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1010. The processing circuitry 1002 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1002 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0413] In the example, the input / output interface 1006 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into wireless device 1000. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0414] In some embodiments, the power source 1008 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used to supply power to circuitry or to charge an associated battery. The power source 1008 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1008 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of wireless device 1000 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power source 1008 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to make accessible power suitable for the respective components of the wireless device 1000 to which power is supplied.
[0415] The memory 1010 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1010 includes one or more programs 1014, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1016. The memory 1010 may store, for use by wireless device 1000, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0416] The memory 1010 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD- DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory 1010 may allow wireless device 1000 to access instructions, programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory 1010, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0417] The processing circuitry 1002 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network via or using the communication interface 1012. The communication interface 1012 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1022. The communication interface 1012 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another wireless device or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1018 and / or a receiver 1020 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter 1018 and receiver 1020 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1022) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0418] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1012 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard) , LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0419] In particular embodiments, wireless device 1000 may provide an output of data captured via a sensor, through its communication interface 1012, via a wireless connection to a network node, and / or in any appropriate manner. Data captured by sensors of a wireless device 1000 can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another wireless device 1000. In particular embodiments, such output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0420] As another example, wireless device 1000 comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, wireless device 1000 may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0421] Wireless device 1000, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. In particular embodiments, wireless device 1000 represents an IoT device that comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended applicatio n of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the example embodiment of wireless device 1000 shown in Figure 10.
[0422] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, wireless device 1000 may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another wireless device and / or a network node. Wireless device 1000 may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, wireless device 1000 may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, wireless device 1000 may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0423] In practice, any number of wireless devices 1000 may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first wireless device 1000 might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second wireless device 1000 that is a remote controller operating the drone. When a user makes changes from the remote controller, the first wireless device 1000 may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second wireless device 1000 can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, wireless device 1000 might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0424] Figure 11 shows a network node 1100 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunications network. In accordance with respective embodiments, network node 1100 may be configured to operate in communication system 800 of Figure 8, like network nodes 808 or 810, or in communication system 900 of Figure 9, like an AP 910 or a station 912. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0425] Network nodes 1100 may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. Network node 1100 may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. Network nodes 1100 may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0426] Other examples of network nodes 1100 include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0427] In particular embodiments, network node 1100 includes a processing circuitry 1102, a memory 1104, a communication interface 1106, and a power source 1108. In general, in a particular embodiment of network node 1100, processing circuitry 1102, memory 1104, communication interface 1106, and power source 1108 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of network node 1100.
[0428] The network node 1100 may be composed of multiple distinct network entities (e.g., a NodeB entity and a RNC entity, or a BTS entity and a BSC entity, etc. ) , which may each have or utilize their own respective physical components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1100 comprises multiple such entities (e.g., BTS and BSC) , one or more of the separate entities may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1100 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memories 1104 or portions of memory 1104 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1110 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node 1100 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1100, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard) , Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1100.
[0429] The processing circuitry 1102 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components, such as the memory 1104, to provide network node 1100 functionality.
[0430] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1112 and baseband processing circuitry 1114. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry 1112 and the baseband processing circuitry 1114 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1112 and baseband processing circuitry 1114 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0431] The memory 1104 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer- executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1102. The memory 1104 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1102 and utilized by the network node 1100. The memory 1104 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1102 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1106. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1102 and memory 1104 is integrated.
[0432] The communication interface 1106 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data with UEs, other network nodes, and / or any other network equipment. In the illustrated embodiment, communication interface 1106 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) 1116 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. In particular embodiments, network node 1000 may be capable of wireless communication and communication interface 1106 may also include radio front-end circuitry 1118 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, an antenna 1110. Particular embodiments of radio front-end circuitry 1118 include filter (s) 1120 and amplifier (s) 1122. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may be connected to an antenna 1110 and processing circuitry 1102. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1110 and processing circuitry 1102. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry 1118 may convert the digital data into a radio signal (s) having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1120 and / or amplifiers 1122. The radio signal (s) may then be transmitted via the antenna 1110. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1110 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1118. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry 1102. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0433] In certain alternative embodiments, network node 1100 may be capable of wireless communication but does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1118, instead, the processing circuitry 1102 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1110. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1112 is part of the communication interface 1106. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1106 includes one or more ports or terminals 1116, the radio front-end circuitry 1118, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1112, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface 1106 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1114, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0434] The antenna 1110 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1110 may be coupled to the radio front- end circuitry 1118 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1110 is separate from the network node 1100 and connectable to the network node 1100 through one or more interfaces or ports.
[0435] The antenna 1110, communication interface 1106, and / or the processing circuitry 1102 may be configured to perform some or all of the receiving operations and / or obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node 1100. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1110, the communication interface 1106, and / or the processing circuitry 1102 may be configured to perform some or all of the transmitting or sending operations described herein as being performed by the network node 1100. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0436] The power source 1108 provides power to the various components of network node 1100 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source 1108 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1100 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1100 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1108. As a further example, the power source 1108 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0437] Embodiments of the network node 1100 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 11 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1100 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1100 and to allow output of information from the network node 1100. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1100. Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 1200 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 1200 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as an access network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which a virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 1200 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
[0438] Applications 1202 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclo s ed herein.
[0439] Hardware 1204 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1206 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VM 1208A and VM 1208B (which may be collectively referred to as VMs 1208) , and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 1206 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to one or more of the VMs 1208.
[0440] The VMs 1208 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by virtualization layer 1206. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 1202 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 1208, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
[0441] In the context of NFV, each of the VMs 1208 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs 1208, and that part of hardware 1204 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more of the VMs 1208 on top of the hardware 1204 and corresponds to an application 1202.
[0442] Hardware 1204 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 1204 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1204 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1210, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 1202. In some embodiments, hardware 1204 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 1212 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
[0443] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, feature s, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface.
[0444] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
Claims
1.A method implemented by a user equipment in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) , the method comprises:receiving a Minimization of Drive Test (MDT) configuration message from a network device, the MDT configuration message includes an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope; andperforming MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.2.The method of claim 1, wherein performing MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope including:performing MDT according to the geographical area scope, if the geographical area scope is received in the MDT configuration message.3.The method of claim 1, wherein performing MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope including:receiving a report type from the network device;determining an area scope from the at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope based on the report type; andperforming MDT according to the determined area scope.4.The method of claim 1, wherein performing MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope including:determining an area scope from the at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope based on the UE state, the UE state including camped normally to NTN cell or camped normally to TN cell or any cell selection state; andperforming MDT according to the determined area scope according to the determined area scope.5.The method of claim 1, wherein performing MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope including:performing MDT according to any combination of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.6.The method of any one of claim 1-5, wherein the MDT configuration message further includes one or more criteria associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope, and the method including:performing MDT based on the one or more criteria.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more criteria is determined based on at least one of:if the UE is capable of determine its location; orwhether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell.8.The method of any one of claim 1-5, wherein performing MDT according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope including:determining an area scope based on at least one of:if the UE is capable of determine its location; orwhether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell; andperforming MDT according to the determined area scope.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the geographical area scope is received by an RRC signaling.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the operator area scope includes a MDT PLMN list.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the logging area scope are in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN (Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network) identities or SNPN identities.12.The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the network device includes a gNB, an NTN satellite component or an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) device.13.The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the geographic area scope is predefined or pre-stored in the UE.14.A method implemented by a network device in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) , the method comprises:sending a Minimization of Drive Test (MDT) configuration message to a user equipment (UE) , the MDT configuration message includes an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope; andreceiving an MDT report from the UE, wherein the MDT reports are generated according to at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the MDT reports are generated according to the geographical area scope, if the geographical area scope is sent in the MDT configuration message.16.The method of claim 14, wherein the MDT reports are generated according to the geographical area scope, if the UE is camped on an NTN cell.17.The method of claim 14, wherein the MDT reports are generated according to at least one of the operator area scope or the logging area scope, if the UE is camped on a Terrestrial Network (TN) cell.18.The method of claim 14, the MDT reports are generated according to any combination of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope.19.The method of claim 14-18, wherein the MDT configuration message further includes one or more conditions associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope, and wherein the MDT reports are generated based on the one or more conditions.20.The method of claim 19, further comprising determining the one or more conditions based on at least one of:if the UE is capable of determine its location; orwhether the UE is camped on a NTN cell or a TN cell.21.The method of claim 20, further comprising:receiving an indication to whether the UE is capable of determining its location from the UE.22.The method of claim 21, further comprising:sending a location request to the UE, if the indication indicates that the UE is capable of determining its location;receiving the location of the UE in response to the location request; andinstead of the MDT configuration message, sending an MDT request to the UE, if the location of the UE is within the geographic area scope.23.The method of claim 14, wherein the operator area scope includes a MDT PLMN list.24.The method of claim 14, wherein the logging area scope are in the form of cells, tracking area codes / frequencies, PNI-NPN identities or SNPN identities.25.The method of claim 14, further comprising:receiving the area scope configuration from a network management device.26.The method of claim 19, further comprising:receiving the one or more conditions from a network management device.27.The method of any one of claims 14-26, wherein the network device includes a gNB, or an NTN satellite component.28.The method of any one of claims 14-26, wherein the geographic area scope is predefined or pre-stored in the network device.29.A method implemented by a network management device in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) , the method comprises:sending a Minimization of Drive Test (MDT) configuration message to a network device, the MDT configuration message includes an area scope configuration, the area scope configuration includes at least one of a geographical area scope, an operator area scope or a logging area scope.30.The method of claim 29, wherein the MDT configuration message further includes one or more criteria associated with at least one of the geographical area scope, the operator area scope or the logging area scope, and an MDT report is generated according to the one or more criteria.31.The method of any one of claims 29-30, the network management device includes an Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) device.32.The method of any one of claims 29-30, wherein the network device includes a gNB, or an NTN satellite component.33.A communication device in a communication network, comprising:a processor; anda memory communicatively coupled to the processor and adapted to store instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to perform steps of the method according to any one of the Claims 1-32.34.A non-transitory machine-readable medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a set of one or more processors of a communication device, causes the communication device to perform steps of the method according to any one of the Claims 1-32.