Circularly polarized multi-port transceiving apparatus, unmanned aerial vehicle control system, and transceiving method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/089960
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-05-28
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images
Figure CN2026089960_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A circularly polarized multiport transceiver, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system, and a transceiver method. Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave antenna communication, and in particular to a circularly polarized multiport transceiver device, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system, and a transceiver method. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, the demand for wireless communication between UAVs and between UAVs and ground stations is constantly increasing. Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology commonly used in UAV wireless communication typically supports the 2.4GHz frequency band and is inexpensive. To achieve efficient wireless transmission, ground receiving base stations often require a large number of signal transmitting and receiving devices, i.e., antennas. With the development of UAV technology and the promotion and popularization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the demand for UAV surveillance is also constantly increasing due to considerations of airspace safety, public safety, and aviation safety. Against this backdrop, UAV remote identification technology based on the concept of air-to-ground cooperation has emerged and become an open standard. UAV remote identification technology is based on WLAN broadcast technology, and WLANs typically support the 2.4GHz (2400MHz ~ 2483.5MHz) frequency band. To achieve broad UAV surveillance coverage, a large number of signal UAV remote identification ground stations need to be deployed on the ground, and receiving devices, i.e., antennas, need to be installed.
[0003] However, installation space for radio receiving equipment is often extremely valuable. Numerous transceiver antennas and their associated radio frequency circuits not only occupy limited space but also increase the manufacturing cost of the receiving station. To achieve longer communication distances, remote identification ground stations typically use high-gain antennas. High-gain antennas occupy a large space and are difficult to transport, install, and maintain, further increasing the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the ground station. Furthermore, close proximity of transceiver antennas causes mutual interference due to electromagnetic wave coupling. On the other hand, due to the variable attitude of aircraft in flight, the polarization characteristics of the transceiver antennas relative to the ground constantly change. Therefore, two antennas with perpendicular polarization directions are needed to ensure the stability and continuity of wireless communication. However, this significantly increases the waste of space resources, resulting in a doubling of space occupancy and restricting the deployment range and application scenarios of operational identification ground stations, such as densely populated urban areas and mobile surveillance scenarios. Existing unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance technologies, including but not limited to radar, optoelectronic, and spectrum analysis technologies, cannot be used for wide-area airspace coverage due to numerous limitations in performance, cost, deployment difficulty, and health and safety. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This disclosure proposes a circularly polarized multi-port transceiver device, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system, and a transceiver method for remote identification of unmanned aerial vehicles. It aims to overcome the problems of numerous antennas and complex power supply networks in wireless communication systems, while meeting the requirements for wide-area deployment.
[0005] In a first aspect of this disclosure, a circularly polarized multiport transceiver is provided, comprising: a circularly polarized antenna configured to receive signals transmitted by a UAV; a power divider having an input terminal and a plurality of output terminals, the input terminal of the power divider being coupled to the circularly polarized antenna, and the plurality of output terminals of the power divider being configured to output the received signals respectively; a wireless radio frequency communication module including a plurality of communication submodules, the input terminal of each communication submodule being coupled to one of the output terminals of the power divider to receive the signals output by the power divider, and the output terminals of each communication submodule outputting the signals respectively; and a main control module coupled to the output terminal of each communication submodule to receive the signals from each communication submodule.
[0006] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna includes any one of the following: a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, a radial-mode circularly polarized spiral antenna, an axial-mode circularly polarized spiral antenna, a circularly polarized microstrip antenna, a cross dipole antenna, a microstrip patch chamfered antenna, and a quad-arm spiral antenna.
[0007] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna is the low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, which includes a first metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a second metal layer, wherein the dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.
[0008] In some embodiments, both the first metal layer and the second metal layer include a central portion and a plurality of protrusions, the protrusions being connected to the outer periphery of the central portion and evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the central portion.
[0009] In some embodiments, the central portion includes any one of a circular metal sheet and a quadrilateral metal sheet; the protrusion includes any one of a fan-shaped metal sheet, a rectangular metal sheet, a trapezoidal metal sheet, and a serrated metal sheet.
[0010] In some embodiments, the central portion is a circular metal sheet, the protrusion is a fan-shaped metal sheet, and the short arc edge of each fan-shaped metal sheet is connected to the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet.
[0011] In some embodiments, a fixed angle is spaced between two adjacent fan-shaped metal sheets.
[0012] In some embodiments, the first metal layer and the second metal layer have the same outline, and the first metal layer rotates relative to the second metal layer around the same center by a predetermined angle, wherein the center of the circular metal sheet of the first metal layer, the center of the circular metal sheet of the second metal layer, and the center of the dielectric layer coincide.
[0013] In some embodiments, the dielectric layer is a non-conductive columnar structure of a predetermined thickness, and a first through hole is provided at the center of the dielectric layer. The first through hole is connected to the center of the second metal layer through a coaxial connector component.
[0014] In some embodiments, the dielectric layer further has a plurality of second through holes for connecting the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The positions of the plurality of second through holes correspond to the plurality of protrusions of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, respectively, and are evenly arranged around the center of the dielectric layer.
[0015] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna is connected to the power divider via an RF connection line, the circularly polarized antenna is fed via a coaxial line, the feeding point is located at the axis of the circularly polarized antenna, and the plurality of communication sub-modules include a Bluetooth module and a Wi-Fi module.
[0016] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna is fed by slot coupling or by multiple points.
[0017] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna operates in the 2.4GHz-2.5GHz frequency band, covering Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication bands. The Bluetooth module includes one or more of the classic BT Bluetooth module, BLE Bluetooth module, and dual-mode Bluetooth module. Both the Bluetooth module and the Wi-Fi module integrate a chip, radio frequency circuit, and radio frequency switch. The output terminal of the power divider is connected to the input terminal of the radio frequency switch of each module via radio frequency connection lines. The output terminal of the radio frequency switch is connected to the corresponding radio frequency circuit. The chip of each module drives the radio frequency switch through control signals to switch the signal connection between the radio frequency circuit and the power divider.
[0018] In some embodiments, the radio frequency circuits of the Bluetooth module and the Wi-Fi module are integrated into the corresponding chip. The radio frequency circuits include a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, a filter, and electrostatic protection. The chip also integrates a Bluetooth antenna interface, a BT interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a BLE interface, and an analog-to-digital converter.
[0019] In some embodiments, the wireless radio frequency communication module is connected to the main control module via a serial interface.
[0020] In some embodiments, the main control module uses a Cortex-M series chip.
[0021] In some embodiments, the master control module is configured to determine at least one channel based on signals received from the communication submodule.
[0022] In some embodiments, the plurality of communication submodules include a first communication submodule and a second communication submodule;
[0023] The main control module is configured to determine at least one channel based on the signal received from the first communication submodule, and to control the second communication submodule to lock the determined channel.
[0024] In some embodiments, the main control module includes:
[0025] The probability determination unit is configured to determine the probability of a drone's presence in each of the multiple scanned channels;
[0026] The comparison unit is configured to determine the first channel as the channel to be locked if the probability of a drone appearing in the first channel is greater than a preset value.
[0027] The control unit is configured to send the channel to be locked to the second communication submodule and control the second communication submodule to lock the channel to be locked.
[0028] In some embodiments, the device also includes a built-in rechargeable battery, a USB-Type C interface, and an Ethernet interface. The rechargeable battery is charged via the USB-Type C interface or the Ethernet interface, and wired data transmission with external devices is performed via the USB-Type C interface or the Ethernet interface during the charging process.
[0029] In some embodiments, a mobile communication module is further included, which is directly connected to the rechargeable battery and powered by the rechargeable battery, for enabling wireless data transmission with a remote server.
[0030] In a second aspect of this disclosure, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system is provided, including a circularly polarized multiport transceiver as described in the first aspect, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver including a circularly polarized antenna having omnidirectional radiation capability and circularly polarized radiation capability.
[0031] In a third aspect of this disclosure, a circularly polarized multiport transceiver method is provided, the method being applied to the circularly polarized multiport transceiver device, the method comprising: receiving a signal transmitted by a UAV via a circularly polarized antenna; determining the probability of UAV occurrence in each channel within a first period based on the signal; determining a scan time weight vector corresponding to the first period based on the probability of UAV occurrence in each channel; and allocating channel scan time to each channel in a second period based on the scan time weight vector corresponding to the first period.
[0032] In some embodiments, the method further includes:
[0033] The power divider synchronously transmits the signal to the Bluetooth module and / or Wi-Fi module within the second cycle based on the channel scan time of each channel in the second cycle.
[0034] The first period and the second period have the same period length.
[0035] In some embodiments, the step of allocating channel scanning time to each channel in the second period based on the scanning time weight vector corresponding to the first period includes:
[0036] Obtain the first number of drones within the first period;
[0037] Obtain the second number of drones during the second period; and
[0038] If the absolute value of the difference between the second quantity and the first quantity is greater than a preset value, the scan time weight vector of the first cycle is corrected to obtain the corrected scan time weight vector.
[0039] Channel scanning time is allocated to each channel in the second period based on the corrected scan time weight vector.
[0040] Beneficial effects:
[0041] This disclosure significantly reduces the antenna height by using a circularly polarized antenna and connects the circularly polarized antenna to the back-end wireless RF communication module using a multi-port power divider network, achieving a compact and miniaturized structure for the circularly polarized multi-port transceiver. Furthermore, by using a single circularly polarized antenna instead of multiple antennas with different polarization directions, the number of antennas used and the space occupied by the antennas are reduced.
[0042] This circularly polarized antenna ensures the ground station's efficient reception of electromagnetic wave signals in any polarization direction through its circular polarization characteristics, and achieves wide-area signal coverage for the ground station through its omnidirectional radiation characteristics.
[0043] By using a multi-port power divider network to connect the antenna and the wireless RF communication module, integrated multi-functional signal processing capabilities are achieved, including compliance with specified transmission protocols (such as Bluetooth 4, 5, Wi-Fi, etc.), adaptive switching between various communication protocols, and coverage of all frequency bands. The Wi-Fi module supports IEEE 802.11b / g / n protocols.
[0044] This disclosure enables the creation of a broad coverage network by interconnecting multiple ground stations, or the rapid deployment of a single device for immediate field operations, achieving maximum efficiency and convenience. Attached Figure Description
[0045] Figure 1 shows a structural block diagram of a circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized planar spiral antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized spiral antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a circularly polarized microstrip antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] Figure 6A shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the first metal layer in a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] Figure 6B shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the dielectric layer in a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0052] Figure 6C shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the second metal layer in a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0053] Figure 6D shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0054] Figure 6E shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, including the dielectric layer and the underlying coaxial connector component, according to some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0055] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication submodule according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0056] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication submodule according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0057] Figure 9 shows a structural block diagram of a circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0058] Figure 10 shows a flowchart of a circularly polarized multiport transceiver method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0059] The following are the reference numerals in the diagram: 1. Circularly polarized antenna; 2. Power divider; 3. Classic Bluetooth module; 4. BLE Bluetooth module; 5. Wi-Fi module; 6. Serial interface; 7. Main control module; 8. Mobile communication module; 9. USB-Type C interface; 10. Ethernet interface; 11. Rechargeable battery; 12. Power amplifier; 13. RF switch; 14. Analog-to-digital converter; 15. Bluetooth antenna interface; 16. Electrostatic discharge protection; 17. Filter; 18. Low noise amplifier; 19. Up-converter; 20. Down-converter; 21. Digital-to-analog converter; 22. Baseband processor;
[0060] 61. A circular metal sheet of the first metal layer; 62. A first sector-shaped metal sheet of the first metal layer;
[0061] 64. First through-hole of the dielectric layer; 60. Coaxial connector component of the dielectric layer; 65. Second through-hole A of the dielectric layer; 66. Second through-hole B of the dielectric layer; 63. Second sector-shaped metal sheet of the first metal layer;
[0062] 67. A circular metal sheet of the second metal layer; 68. A first sector-shaped metal sheet of the second metal layer; 69. A second sector-shaped metal sheet of the second metal layer. Detailed Implementation
[0063] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application is presented in conjunction with embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the application in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. To provide a thorough understanding of this application, many specific details will be included in the following description. This application may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.
[0064] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. Directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are defined relative to the indicated orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts used for relative description and clarification, and they may change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.
[0065] This disclosure provides a circularly polarized multiport transceiver. Referring to Figure 1, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver includes a circularly polarized antenna 1, a power divider 2, a wireless radio frequency communication module, and a main control module 7. The circularly polarized antenna 1 is configured to receive signals transmitted by a UAV. The power divider 2 has an input terminal and multiple output terminals. The input terminal of the power divider 2 is coupled to the circularly polarized antenna 1, and the multiple output terminals of the power divider 2 are configured to output the received signals respectively. The wireless radio frequency communication module includes multiple communication submodules. The input terminal of each communication submodule is coupled to one of the output terminals of the power divider 2 to receive the signal output by the power divider 2, and the output terminals of each communication submodule output signals respectively. The main control module 7 is coupled to the output terminal of each communication submodule to receive signals from each communication submodule.
[0066] For example, the power divider 2 receives signals transmitted by the UAV from the circularly polarized antenna 1 at its input terminal and synchronously outputs the signals transmitted by the UAV to multiple communication submodules from multiple output terminals. Each communication submodule outputs the signals transmitted by the UAV to the main control module 7. The main control module 7 receives the signals transmitted by the UAV output by each communication submodule.
[0067] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna 1 includes any one of the following: a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, a radial-mode circularly polarized spiral antenna, an axial-mode circularly polarized spiral antenna, a circularly polarized microstrip antenna, a cross dipole antenna, a microstrip patch chamfered antenna, and a quad-arm spiral antenna.
[0068] For example, in some application scenarios, the circularly polarized antenna 1 can be implemented in different ways, such as the circularly polarized planar helical antenna, low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, circularly polarized helical antenna, and circularly polarized microstrip antenna shown in Figures 2-5. Also, cross-dipole antennas, microstrip patch chamfered antennas, and quad-arm helical antennas are not shown. It should be understood that the circularly polarized antenna of this disclosure can also be other antenna types capable of generating orthogonal modes, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.
[0069] A superior solution is to use the low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna shown in Figure 3. This antenna possesses both omnidirectional and circularly polarized radiation capabilities. Its omnidirectional radiation characteristic enables wide-area signal coverage for the ground station, while its circular polarization ensures efficient reception of electromagnetic wave signals from any polarization direction. For example, the height of the low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna is no more than 0.05 times the free-space wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency, which helps reduce the overall size of the circularly polarized multi-port transceiver and minimizes the space it occupies. Applying circularly polarized antennas in UAV ground deployments can reduce deployment and maintenance costs. Furthermore, using circularly polarized antennas instead of multiple antennas with different polarization directions eliminates the need for antennas with two perpendicular polarization directions, significantly reducing the number of antennas used, minimizing space wastage, and increasing the deployment range and application scenarios of the operational identification ground station. Moreover, the circularly polarized antenna ensures efficient reception of electromagnetic wave signals from any polarization direction through its circular polarization characteristic and achieves wide-area signal coverage through its omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
[0070] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna 1 is a low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, which may include a first metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a second metal layer, with the dielectric layer disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.
[0071] For example, the circularly polarized antenna 1 can be a low-profile, low-elevation omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna as shown in Figure 3. It can be divided into three layers, such as the first metal layer shown in Figure 6A, the dielectric layer shown in Figure 6B, and the second metal layer shown in Figure 6C. The first metal layer serves as the upper metal wall of the parallel plate waveguide. The dielectric layer is located below the first metal layer and can be a non-conductive columnar structure of a predetermined thickness. The second metal layer is located below the dielectric layer. The pattern of the second metal layer can be the same as that of the first metal layer. In order to form circularly polarized radiation, the second metal layer is rotated about an angle relative to the first metal layer.
[0072] In some embodiments, both the first metal layer and the second metal layer may include a central portion and a plurality of protrusions, the protrusions being connected to the outer periphery of the central portion and evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the central portion. The central portion may include any one of a circular metal sheet or a quadrilateral metal sheet; the protrusions may include any one of a fan-shaped metal sheet, a rectangular metal sheet, a trapezoidal metal sheet, or a serrated metal sheet.
[0073] For example, the central portion of the first and second metal layers can be a metal sheet of any suitable shape, such as a circular metal sheet, a square metal sheet, or a polygonal metal sheet. The protrusions can be fan-shaped metal sheets or irregular polygonal metal sheets, such as rectangular metal sheets, trapezoidal metal sheets, or serrated metal sheets. The protrusions are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the central portion; for example, the protrusions can be spaced at fixed angles, which can be determined based on the shape of the central portion and the number of protrusions. It should be understood that this disclosure does not impose specific limitations on the number or shape of the protrusions, or the shape of the central portion.
[0074] In some embodiments, the central part is a circular metal sheet, and the protrusions are fan-shaped metal sheets, with the short arc edges of each fan-shaped metal sheet connected to the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet.
[0075] For example, as shown in FIG6A, the central portion of the first metal layer can be a circular metal sheet 61, and the plurality of protrusions can include 16 fan-shaped metal sheets, such as a first fan-shaped metal sheet 62, a second fan-shaped metal sheet 63, etc. The short arc edges of the 16 fan-shaped metal sheets are all connected to the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet 61 and are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet 61. Similarly, as shown in FIG6C, the central portion of the second metal layer can be a circular metal sheet 67, and the plurality of protrusions can also include 16 fan-shaped metal sheets, such as a first fan-shaped metal sheet 68, a second fan-shaped metal sheet 69, etc. The short arc edges of the 16 fan-shaped metal sheets are all connected to the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet 67 and are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet 67.
[0076] In some embodiments, a fixed angle is spaced between two adjacent sector-shaped metal sheets.
[0077] For example, as shown in FIG6A, adjacent first sector-shaped metal sheets 62 and second sector-shaped metal sheets 63 are spaced at a fixed angle. For example, the angle between adjacent sector-shaped metal sheets (e.g., first sector-shaped metal sheet 62 and second sector-shaped metal sheet 63) can be 22.5°. Similarly, other adjacent sector-shaped metal sheets are also spaced at a fixed angle, thereby achieving a uniform arrangement of 16 sector-shaped metal sheets around the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet 61. As shown in FIG6C, similarly, adjacent sector-shaped metal sheets (e.g., first sector-shaped metal sheet 68 and second sector-shaped metal sheet 69) are spaced at a fixed angle, which can be 22.5°. This achieves a uniform arrangement of 16 sector-shaped metal sheets around the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet 67. It should be understood that the number of sector-shaped metal sheets and the fixed angle of their spacing can be any suitable value, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.
[0078] In some embodiments, the first metal layer and the second metal layer may have the same outline, and the first metal layer rotates relative to the second metal layer around the same center by a predetermined angle, wherein the center of the circular metal sheet of the first metal layer, the center of the circular metal sheet of the second metal layer, and the center of the dielectric layer coincide.
[0079] For example, the first metal layer shown in FIG. 6A and the second metal layer shown in FIG. 6C have the same outline. For instance, both the first and second metal layers have the same circular outline, and both the first and second metal layers include 16 fan-shaped metal sheets and 16 circular metal sheets. As shown in FIG. 6D, the center of the circular metal sheet 61 of the first metal layer, the center of the circular metal sheet 67 of the second metal layer, and the center of the dielectric layer shown in FIG. 6C coincide. The first metal layer rotates relative to the second metal layer around the same center by a predetermined angle, where the same center refers to the aforementioned coincident centers.
[0080] In some embodiments, the dielectric layer is a non-conductive columnar structure of a predetermined thickness, and a first through hole is provided at the center of the dielectric layer. The first through hole is connected to the center of the second metal layer through a coaxial connector component.
[0081] For example, the dielectric layer can be a Teflon cylinder with a thickness of 3 mm. It should be understood that the dielectric layer can also be a layered structure of other materials and shapes, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard. As shown in FIG6B, a first through-hole 64 connecting the first metal layer and the second metal layer is provided in the dielectric layer. For example, the first through-hole 64 can be a metal through-hole. As shown in FIG6E, a coaxial connector component 60 is provided below the first through-hole 64 of the dielectric layer, and the first through-hole 64 is connected to the center of the second metal layer, i.e., the circular metal sheet 67, through the coaxial connector component 60.
[0082] In some embodiments, the dielectric layer further has a plurality of second through holes for connecting the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The positions of the plurality of second through holes correspond to the plurality of protrusions of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, respectively, and are evenly arranged around the center of the dielectric layer.
[0083] For example, as shown in Figure 6B, 16 second vias are formed in the dielectric layer, such as second via A65, second via B66, etc. The positions of the 16 second vias correspond to 16 sector-shaped metal sheets in the first and second metal layers, respectively. For example, second via A65 corresponds to the first sector-shaped metal sheet 62 of the first metal layer and the second sector-shaped metal sheet 68 of the second metal layer, and second via B66 corresponds to the second sector-shaped metal sheet 63 of the first metal layer and the second sector-shaped metal sheet 69 of the second metal layer. The 16 second vias can be arranged in a rotationally symmetrical and uniform manner around the first via 64. The second vias can optimize the antenna's electrical performance, such as VSWR and circular polarization axial ratio.
[0084] The above mainly introduced the structure of the circularly polarized antenna. Unlike the traditional monopole omnidirectional antenna with a height of 0.25 times the wavelength, the circularly polarized antenna in this disclosure, by employing multiple parallel plate waveguide antennas (i.e., multiple fan-shaped metal plates) in a radiating structure, not only achieves 360° omnidirectional low elevation angle radiation, but also significantly reduces the antenna height, for example, to 0.024 times the wavelength, saving its occupied space. Furthermore, due to the symmetry of the multiple parallel plate waveguide antennas in the radiating structure, its radiation beam elevation angle is low, and it does not experience beam tilting due to reflection from the metal ground as in traditional monopole antennas. Further, traditional parallel plate waveguide antennas are generally single linearly polarized antennas, while in this disclosure, both the first and second metal layers employ multiple parallel plate waveguide antennas uniformly arranged around the same center, and the first metal layer rotates relative to the second metal layer around the same center by a predetermined angle, at which point the electric field direction deflects. For example, as shown in Figure 6D, the preset angle range for the rotation of the first metal layer (solid line pattern) and the second metal layer (dashed line pattern) around the same center can be 10° to 50°. The first metal layer (solid line pattern) and the second metal layer (dashed line pattern) can rotate clockwise or counterclockwise around the same center; this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard. By adjusting the rotation angle between the first and second metal layers, the emitted electric field can form circularly polarized radiation, creating an omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna. The circularly polarized antenna ensures the ground station's efficient reception capability for electromagnetic wave signals in any polarization direction through its circular polarization characteristics, and achieves wide-area signal coverage for the ground station through its omnidirectional radiation characteristics. In this invention, the first and second metal layers can be installed with their outlines overlapping, or they can be installed with relative rotation of the preset angle, for example, 10°-50°. The invention is not limited to this; they can also be installed at other relative angles.
[0085] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized antenna 1 can be connected to the power divider 2 via an RF connection line. The circularly polarized antenna 1 is fed via a coaxial line, with the feeding point located at the axis of the circularly polarized antenna 1. In this embodiment, the RF connection line is preferably a 50Ω RF connection line. Exemplarily, the RF connection line can also be referred to as a coaxial connector transmission line or a coaxial line. The circularly polarized antenna 1 can be connected to the power divider 2 via a coaxial connector transmission line or a coaxial line. The coaxial connector is the electrical connector between the coaxial line and the circularly polarized antenna 1, and the coaxial connector is the feeding point. For example, the coaxial connector is located at the axis of the circularly polarized antenna 1.
[0086] Alternatively, the circularly polarized antenna 1 can also be fed by slot coupling or by multiple points.
[0087] The power divider 2 synchronously transmits the signals received by the circularly polarized antenna 1 to each communication submodule through multiple output terminals. For example, as shown in Figure 1, the power divider 2 synchronously transmits the signals to the classic BT Bluetooth module 3, the BLE Bluetooth module 4, and the Wi-Fi module 5.
[0088] The signal received by the omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna 1, as described above, is synchronously output to different communication submodules via the power divider 2. The following describes the connection relationship between the power divider and the multiple communication submodules, as well as the internal structure of the communication submodules.
[0089] In some embodiments, the multiple communication submodules may include a Bluetooth module and a Wi-Fi module 5. The circularly polarized antenna 1 operates in the 2.4GHz-2.5GHz frequency band, covering the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication frequency bands. The Bluetooth module may include one or more of the classic BT Bluetooth module 3, BLE Bluetooth module 4, and dual-mode Bluetooth module. Both the Bluetooth module and the Wi-Fi module 5 integrate chips, radio frequency circuits, and radio frequency switches 13. The output terminal of the power divider 2 is connected to the input terminal of the radio frequency switch 13 of each module via radio frequency connection lines, and the output terminal of the radio frequency switch 13 is connected to the corresponding radio frequency circuit; the chip of each module drives the radio frequency switch 13 through control signals to switch the signal connection between the radio frequency circuit and the power divider 2.
[0090] For example, as shown in Figure 1, the multiple communication submodules may include a classic Bluetooth BT module 3, a BLE Bluetooth module 4, and a Wi-Fi module 5. Of course, in some embodiments, the classic Bluetooth BT module 3 and the BLE Bluetooth module 4 may be replaced with a dual-mode Bluetooth module. In some embodiments, the multiple communication submodules may also include multiple Wi-Fi modules, but not Bluetooth modules. It should be understood that the number of Bluetooth modules and Wi-Fi modules included in the wireless radio frequency communication module can be any suitable number, and the type of Bluetooth module can be any suitable type; this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.
[0091] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication submodule according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, and Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication submodule according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, both the Bluetooth module (e.g., the classic BT Bluetooth module 3, the BLE Bluetooth module 4) and the Wi-Fi module 5 integrate a chip, an RF circuit, and an RF switch 13. Multiple output terminals of the power divider 2 are connected to the input terminals of the RF switches 13 of the classic BT Bluetooth module 3, the BLE Bluetooth module 4, and the Wi-Fi module 5 respectively via RF connection lines. The output terminals of the RF switches 13 are connected to the corresponding RF circuits. The chip drives the RF switches 13 through control signals to connect or disconnect the signal connection between the RF circuit and the power divider 2.
[0092] In some embodiments, the radio frequency circuits of the Bluetooth module and the Wi-Fi module 5 are integrated into the corresponding chip. The radio frequency circuits include a power amplifier 12, a low noise amplifier 18, a filter 17 and electrostatic discharge protection 16. The chip also integrates a Bluetooth antenna interface 15, a BT interface, a WIFI interface, a BLE interface and an analog-to-digital converter 14.
[0093] In some embodiments, the Bluetooth antenna interface 15, BT interface, Wi-Fi interface, and BLE interface are all electrically connected to the power divider 2; each module also includes a radio frequency interface, wherein the Bluetooth antenna interface 15 is electrically connected to the radio frequency interface of the Bluetooth module, the Wi-Fi interface is electrically connected to the radio frequency interface of the Wi-Fi module 5, the BT interface is electrically connected to the radio frequency interface of the BT Bluetooth module 3, and the BLE interface is electrically connected to the radio frequency interface of the BLE Bluetooth module 4; the radio frequency interface of each module is electrically connected to the electrostatic discharge protection 16.
[0094] For example, as shown in Figure 7, taking a Bluetooth module as an example, the Bluetooth module chip integrates an RF circuit, an RF switch 13, an analog-to-digital converter 14, and a Bluetooth antenna interface 15. The output of the power divider 2 can be connected to the Bluetooth antenna interface 15 on the chip. The Bluetooth antenna interface 15 is electrically connected to the RF interface of the Bluetooth module, and the RF interface is connected to the input of the RF switch 13. The RF interface is also connected to an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device 16, which is used to protect the received signal from electrostatic discharge. The output of the RF switch 13 is connected to the RF circuit. The RF circuit may include a power amplifier 12, a low-noise amplifier 18, and a filter 17. The input of the RF switch 13 is connected to the input of the filter 17, the output of the filter 17 is connected to the input of the low-noise amplifier 18, the output of the low-noise amplifier 18 is connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 14 through the RF switch 13, the output of the analog-to-digital converter 14 is connected to the input of the power amplifier 12 through the RF switch 13, and the output of the power amplifier 12 is connected to the RF switch 13.
[0095] For example, as shown in Figure 8, a Wi-Fi module is used as an example. The output of the power divider 2 can be connected to the Wi-Fi interface 11 on the chip of the Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi interface 11 is electrically connected to the RF interface of the Wi-Fi module, and the RF interface is connected to the input of the RF switch 13. The RF interface is also connected to the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection 16, which is used to protect the received signal from electrostatic discharge. The output of the RF switch 13 is connected to the RF circuit. The RF circuit may include a power amplifier 12, a filter 17, a low-noise amplifier 18, an up-converter 19, a down-converter 20, and a baseband processor 22.
[0096] In some embodiments, the chip may also integrate an analog-to-digital converter 14, a digital-to-analog converter 21, and a baseband processor 22, the baseband processor 22 being configured to analyze the received signal.
[0097] In some embodiments, the input terminal of RF switch 13 is electrically connected to the input terminal of filter 17; the output terminal of filter 17 is electrically connected to the input terminal of low-noise amplifier 18; the output terminal of low-noise amplifier 18 is electrically connected to the input terminal of downconverter 20; the output terminal of downconverter 20 is electrically connected to the input terminal of analog-to-digital converter 14; the output terminal of analog-to-digital converter 14 is electrically connected to the input terminal of baseband processor 22; the output terminal of baseband processor 22 is electrically connected to the input terminal of digital-to-analog converter 21; the output terminal of digital-to-analog converter 21 is electrically connected to the input terminal of upconverter 19; the output terminal of upconverter 19 is electrically connected to the input terminal of power amplifier 12; and the output terminal of power amplifier 12 is electrically connected to the output terminal of RF switch 13.
[0098] In some embodiments, the RF switch 13 further includes a control terminal, which is configured to receive a control signal sent by the chip and drive the RF switch 13 to turn on or off the electrical connection between the filter 17 and the RF switch 13 according to the control signal, or drive the RF switch 13 to turn on or off the electrical connection between the power amplifier 12 and the RF switch 13.
[0099] In some embodiments, the wireless radio frequency communication module can be connected to the main control module 7 via serial interface 6. For example, as shown in Figure 1, the classic BT Bluetooth module 3, the BLE Bluetooth module 4, and the Wi-Fi module 5 can each be connected to the main control module 7 via serial interface 6. In some application scenarios, serial interface 6 can be a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter) port.
[0100] In some embodiments, the main control module 7 is configured to determine at least one channel based on signals received from the communication submodule. For example, the main control module 7 may simultaneously receive signals from the classic Bluetooth module 3, the BLE Bluetooth module 4, and the Wi-Fi module 5, or it may simultaneously receive signals from multiple Wi-Fi modules and determine at least one channel for communication.
[0101] In some embodiments, the main control module 7 may be a Cortex-M series chip. It should be understood that the main control module 7 may also be other types of chips, such as an ARM Cortex-M series microcontroller (preferably an M4 core), and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.
[0102] In some embodiments, the plurality of communication submodules include a first communication submodule and a second communication submodule. The main control module 7 is configured to determine at least one channel based on signals received from the first communication submodule, and to control the second communication submodule to lock the determined channel.
[0103] For example, multiple communication submodules include a BT Bluetooth module 3, a BLE Bluetooth module 4, and a Wi-Fi module 5. The main control module 7 can receive signals from the BT Bluetooth module 3 and scan for channels used for signal transmission. For example, if signal transmission is found on the first channel and the second channel after scanning, the main control module 7 can control the BLE Bluetooth module 4 and / or the Wi-Fi module 5 to lock the first channel and the second channel. The main control module 7 can then transmit signals with the BLE Bluetooth module 4 and / or the Wi-Fi module 5 on the first channel and the second channel. It should be understood that the number of channels with signal transmission and the number of locked channels can be determined according to the actual situation, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations here.
[0104] In some embodiments, the main control module 7 may include a probability determination unit, a comparison unit, and a control unit. The probability determination unit is configured to determine the probability of a drone appearing in each of the scanned multiple channels. The comparison unit is configured to determine the first channel as a channel to be locked if the probability of a drone appearing in the first channel is greater than a preset value. The control unit is configured to send the channel to be locked to the second communication submodule and control the second communication submodule to lock the channel to be locked.
[0105] For example, the main control module 7 can receive signals from the BLE Bluetooth module 4 and scan for channels used to transmit signals. For instance, after scanning, if a drone signal is found to appear on the first channel at certain times, and the probability of the drone appearing is greater than a preset value (e.g., 60%) over a period of time, the main control module 7 controls the Wi-Fi module 5 to lock onto the first channel, and the Wi-Fi module 5 transmits signals with the main control module 7 on the first channel. It should be understood that the preset value for the probability of the drone appearing can be other suitable values, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.
[0106] Figure 9 shows a structural block diagram of a circularly polarized multiport transceiver device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 9, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver device includes a circularly polarized antenna 1, a power divider 2, a classic Bluetooth BT module 3, a Bluetooth BLE module 4, a Wi-Fi module 5, and a main control module 7. In addition, it also includes various additional interfaces for connecting to external devices, a battery, etc.
[0107] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver may further include a built-in rechargeable battery 11, a USB-Type C interface 9, and an Ethernet interface 10. The rechargeable battery 11 is charged through the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10. During the charging process, wired data transmission is performed with external devices through the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10.
[0108] For example, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver may also include a built-in rechargeable battery 11, a USB-Type C interface 9 (for transmitting USB data), and an Ethernet interface 10. The rechargeable battery 11 can be charged via the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10. It should be noted that the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10 is not directly connected to the rechargeable battery 11, but rather provides charging through a charging management circuit. For example, two components (not labeled in Figure 9) providing 5V and 5V*2A can be directly connected to the rechargeable battery 11 to charge it. During charging, wired data transmission can also be performed with external devices (external devices may include wired devices supporting Ethernet, such as computers and routers; devices supporting USB data interfaces, such as computers and mobile phones; and wireless devices supporting cellular network access, such as communication base stations) via the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10. The built-in rechargeable battery 11 provides the power required for the device to operate; for example, the rechargeable battery 11 may be a lithium battery. The USB-Type C interface 9 and the Ethernet interface 10, which conforms to the IEEE 802.3at standard, support the following two charging interface modules simultaneously: charging the built-in lithium battery via the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10; during the charging process, bidirectional wired data transmission with external devices via the USB-Type C interface 9 or the Ethernet interface 10. The charging and data transmission functions of the USB-Type C interface 9 and the Ethernet interface 10 operate in parallel, and the charging and data transmission operations of the two interfaces do not interfere with each other.
[0109] In some embodiments, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver further includes a mobile communication module 8, which is directly connected to and powered by a rechargeable battery 11, and is used to realize wireless data transmission with a remote server.
[0110] For example, the mobile communication module 8 can be a 4G wireless communication module, which can be directly connected to and powered by a rechargeable lithium battery, used to establish a wireless data transmission link with a remote server during the movement of the circularly polarized multiport transceiver. The data transmission link of the 4G wireless communication module is independent of the data transmission links of the USB-TypeC interface 9 and the Ethernet interface 10, supporting multi-channel concurrent communication. For example, the mobile communication module 8 can be equipped with GNSS antennas and LTE antennas to transmit data, and can also be configured to transmit data with the SIM card slot.
[0111] It should be noted that the rechargeable battery 11, USB-TypeC interface 9, Ethernet interface 10 and mobile communication module 8 are all controlled by the main control module 7.
[0112] Please refer to Figure 9. The main control module 7 is expandable, including an expandable interface unit for connecting external functional components. For example, the expandable interface unit can connect to a Wi-Fi communication module for establishing a wireless connection and transmitting data with a mobile terminal (such as a mobile phone). As another example, the expandable interface unit can also connect to an LED control unit for driving and configuring the LED display status. Furthermore, the expandable interface unit can also connect to a non-volatile storage unit, integrating an EEPROM memory, for storing device configuration parameters and user data. The RJ45 module connected to the Ethernet interface 10 is a connector / interface for connecting to a network cable, used to connect to a computer or router.
[0113] The circularly polarized multiport transceiver disclosed herein uses a single circularly polarized antenna to receive signals and multiple output power dividers to drive multiple communication submodules. This not only shortens the antenna length, achieving a compact and miniaturized transceiver structure, but also utilizes the omnidirectional radiation characteristics of the circularly polarized antenna to achieve wide-area signal coverage for the ground station, significantly improving the signal transmission efficiency and range of the transceiver. Furthermore, using a single circularly polarized antenna instead of multiple antennas with different polarization directions effectively saves on the number of antennas used and the space occupied, thus improving space utilization.
[0114] This disclosure also provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system, including a circularly polarized multiport transceiver as described above. The circularly polarized multiport transceiver includes a circularly polarized antenna with omnidirectional and circularly polarized radiation capabilities. The UAV control system may further include a signal processing unit connected to the circularly polarized multiport transceiver, which processes the signals from the UAV output by the circularly polarized multiport transceiver.
[0115] This disclosure provides a circularly polarized multiport transceiver method, which is applied to the circularly polarized multiport transceiver device described above. Figure 10 shows a flowchart of a circularly polarized multiport transceiver method according to some embodiments of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 10, the method includes:
[0116] Step S10: Receive the signal sent by the UAV using the circularly polarized antenna, and determine the probability of the UAV appearing in each channel within the first period based on the signal.
[0117] For example, multiple circularly polarized multiport transceivers (CVTs) can be set up in a certain area (e.g., area A), and these CVTs can operate in a 2.4 GHz / 5.8 GHz multichannel environment. The area can be understood as a geographic grid or administrative region. The circularly polarized antenna 1 on each CVT can receive signals transmitted by drones within a certain area during a first period (e.g., a preset time period), for example, receiving signals transmitted by drones within area A during the first period. The ground-based CVTs can transmit the received signals to computing devices (e.g., cloud computing devices, terminal computing devices, etc.). The computing devices can be integrated into the CVTs or set up independently of them; this disclosure does not impose specific limitations in this regard.
[0118] A computing device can determine the probability of a drone's appearance in each channel (e.g., n channels, including channel 1, channel 2, ... channel n) within a first period based on signals transmitted by drones within a certain area. For example, the probability of a drone appearing in the first period in channel 1 is P1, in channel 2 is P2, ... in channel i is Pi, ... in channel n is Pn. For instance, suppose drone signals M are received within the first period (e.g., several weeks or months), where M may contain drone signals received from channels 1, 2, ..., i, ... n respectively. , During the first period, the scan time allocated across the n channels is... That is, the scanning time of the first channel. The scanning time of the second channel ...scanning time of the i-th channel ...scanning time of the nth channel The probability Pn of drones appearing in each channel can be described as follows: , .
[0119] Step S20: Determine the scanning time weight vector corresponding to the first period based on the occurrence probability of UAVs in each channel.
[0120] Ideally, a higher probability of a drone appearing in each channel warrants a longer scanning time for that channel, and vice versa. However, in reality, situations may arise where a channel has a low probability of drone appearance but a long allocated scanning time, or vice versa. To address this issue, this disclosure proposes adjusting the scanning time across n channels using a weighted approach to channel scanning time. The allocation ratio in the time period (e.g., the first time period) makes the probabilities P1, P2...Pi...Pn of the drone occurrence all equal or nearly equal.
[0121] The computing device can determine the scanning time for each channel in the first period based on the probability of UAV appearance in each channel, P1, P2…Pi…Pn. weight vector[ The following describes an example of how each weight in the weight vector is calculated.
[0122] First, weight The formula for calculating (i∈[1,n]) is as follows:
[0123]
[0124] Where T represents the first period, which could be several weeks or months in a historical period; M represents the total number of drone signals received by all channels within the first period. Let i and j represent the UAV signal received by the i-th channel and the UAV signal received by the j-th channel, respectively, where i, j ∈ [1, n]. This represents the scan time corresponding to the i-th channel in the first period. The new scan time, obtained after adjustment, is calculated using the following formula:
[0125]
[0126] in, This represents the probability of a drone appearing in the i-th channel of the first period. Let represent the drone signal received on channel i, M represent the drone signals received on all channels within the first period, and T represent the first period.
[0127] In some embodiments, a first number of drones in a first period is obtained; a second number of drones in a second period is obtained; and if the absolute value of the difference between the second number and the first number is greater than a preset value, the scan time weight vector of the first period is corrected to obtain a corrected scan time weight vector, and channel scan time is allocated to each channel in the second period based on the corrected scan time weight vector.
[0128] For example, the second period can immediately follow the first period, and the lengths of the first and second periods can be the same. The computing device can obtain a first number of drones located in a certain area within the first period T (e.g., week 1), and a second period... (For example, in the second week) Obtain a second number of drones located in the area. Compare the first number and the second number. If the absolute value of the difference between the second number and the first number is greater than a preset value (for example, tens or hundreds; this disclosure does not specifically limit the range of the preset value), it indicates that the number of drones in the area has changed significantly in the second period compared to the number of drones in the first period. In this case, the signals received by the circularly polarized multiport transceiver in the area from different numbers of drones will also change significantly.
[0129] To prevent a second cycle (For example, the second cycle) The data mutation can be caused by a drastic change in statistical data characteristics (such as the number of drones, the signals transmitted by drones, etc.) within a selected time period immediately following the first period T. The computing device can adjust the scanning time weight vector of the first period T. The scan time weight vector is corrected to obtain a corrected scan time weight vector. Based on the corrected scan time weight vector, new channel scan times are allocated to the first channel, the second channel, ... the i-th channel ... the n-th channel. In other words, the scan time weight vector of each channel in the current period (e.g., the second period) can be dynamically adjusted according to the number of drones scanned by each channel in the previous period (e.g., the first period).
[0130] For example, the process of correcting the scan time weight vector for the first period T is described below. A smoothing factor is introduced. , =[0.3,0.7], which represents the scan time weights of each channel (e.g., the i-th channel) in the first period T. Multiply The second cycle Scan time weights for each channel Multiply by 1- This leads to smooth weights. and smooth the weights The following is the calculation formula for the scan time weight corresponding to the corrected first cycle:
[0131]
[0132] That is, the corrected scan time weight vector is [ [To be continued in the second cycle] Each channel is allocated a channel scan time.
[0133] It should be noted that the higher the probability of a drone appearing, the higher its weight, and the longer it stays on that channel for scanning. This avoids missing drone data packets that appear frequently but have short signal durations (for example, Remote ID data packets typically have a very short duration).
[0134] Step S30: Based on the scan time weight vector corresponding to the first period, allocate channel scan time to each channel in the second period.
[0135] For example, a circularly polarized multiport transceiver in a certain region can allocate channel scanning time to each channel in the second period according to the scan time weight vector (corrected scan time weight vector) corresponding to the first period calculated in step S20, and perform channel scanning in the second period according to the allocated scan time until the circularly polarized multiport transceiver receives a new scan time weight vector sent by the computing device, and repeat the above steps in a loop.
[0136] In some embodiments, the power divider synchronously sends signals to the Bluetooth module and / or Wi-Fi module within a second cycle based on the channel scanning time corresponding to the first cycle; wherein the first cycle and the second cycle have the same cycle length.
[0137] For example, the circularly polarized antenna of a circularly polarized multi-port transceiver in a certain area synchronously transmits the drone's signal to multiple Bluetooth modules and / or Wi-Fi modules via a power divider 2. The power divider 2 can transmit signals according to the channel scanning time on the first channel, the second channel, ... the nth channel. Then, the multiple Bluetooth modules and / or Wi-Fi modules transmit the drone's signal to the main control module 7 for further processing.
[0138] The circularly polarized multiport transceiver method disclosed herein can take regional differences into account, quickly monitor significant changes in the number of UAVs in different regions and time periods, significantly reduce signal latency, realize the update of the scanning time weight vector, and improve the accuracy of channel prediction.
[0139] Applying the circularly polarized multiport transceiver method to the aforementioned circularly polarized multiport transceiver device offers significant advantages. Firstly, due to the variable attitude of UAVs during flight, the linearly polarized signals transmitted by the UAV often suffer severe signal attenuation at the ground receiving end due to polarization mismatch. The circularly polarized multiport transceiver device disclosed herein employs a circularly polarized antenna 1, utilizing its omnidirectional receiving characteristics to capture the UAV's signal. This not only effectively receives electromagnetic waves in any polarization direction, ensuring signal strength stability unaffected by changes in UAV attitude or the transceiver device's environment, but also ensures the high integrity and continuity of the UAV-transmitted signal (i.e., the first signal) received by the circularly polarized antenna. Therefore, by leveraging the circular polarization characteristics of the antenna, the circularly polarized multiport transceiver device guarantees complete and stable reception of UAV-transmitted data, eliminating probability statistical deviations caused by polarization packet loss, and providing accurate raw data samples for subsequent calculation of the scanning time weight vector.
[0140] Secondly, the omnidirectional radiation characteristic of circularly polarized antenna 1 achieves 360° coverage of the airspace, which allows the probability of UAVs appearing in each channel to be based on full-space, full-quantization monitoring results. Compared with traditional directional antennas, the circularly polarized multi-port transceiver can more realistically reflect the spatial distribution pattern of UAV channel occupancy in a specific area.
[0141] Finally, the circularly polarized multi-port transceiver uses power divider 2 to synchronously distribute signals to multiple communication sub-modules. This enables the channel scanning time allocated to each channel to achieve physical-level parallel processing or rapid switching between different frequency bands (such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi) or different channels, greatly reducing monitoring latency in multi-channel environments, improving signal transmission efficiency, and realizing efficient support of the hardware structure for complex algorithms.
[0142] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the term "connection" shall be interpreted broadly, for example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The term "and / or" as used in this disclosure includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0143] The present disclosure has been described in detail above, with the aim of enabling those skilled in the art to understand and implement its contents. However, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
Claims
1. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver, characterized in that, include: A circularly polarized antenna (1) is configured to receive signals transmitted by a UAV; The power divider (2) has an input terminal and multiple output terminals. The input terminal of the power divider is coupled to the circularly polarized antenna, and the multiple output terminals of the power divider are configured to output the received signals respectively. The wireless radio frequency communication module includes multiple communication sub-modules. The input terminal of each communication sub-module is coupled to one of the output terminals of the power divider to receive the signal output by the power divider (2). The output terminal of each communication sub-module outputs the signal. and The main control module (7) is coupled to the output of each of the communication submodules to receive the signal from each of the communication submodules.
2. The circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circularly polarized antenna (1) includes any one of the following: low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna, radial-mode circularly polarized spiral antenna, axial-mode circularly polarized spiral antenna, circularly polarized microstrip antenna, cross dipole antenna, microstrip patch chamfered antenna, and quad-arm spiral antenna.
3. The circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 2, characterized in that, The circularly polarized antenna (1) is the low-profile omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna. The circularly polarized antenna (1) includes a first metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a second metal layer. The dielectric layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.
4. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first metal layer and the second metal layer include a central portion and a plurality of protrusions, the protrusions being connected to the outer periphery of the central portion and evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the central portion.
5. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 4, characterized in that, The central part includes any one of a circular metal sheet and a quadrilateral metal sheet; the protrusion includes any one of a fan-shaped metal sheet, a rectangular metal sheet, a trapezoidal metal sheet, and a serrated metal sheet.
6. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 5, characterized in that, The central part is a circular metal sheet, and the protrusion is a fan-shaped metal sheet. The short arc edge of each fan-shaped metal sheet is connected to the outer periphery of the circular metal sheet.
7. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two adjacent sector-shaped metal sheets are spaced at a fixed angle.
8. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The first metal layer and the second metal layer have the same outline. The first metal layer rotates relative to the second metal layer around the same center by a predetermined angle, wherein the center of the circular metal sheet of the first metal layer, the center of the circular metal sheet of the second metal layer, and the center of the dielectric layer coincide.
9. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dielectric layer is a non-conductive columnar structure of a predetermined thickness. A first through hole is provided at the center of the dielectric layer, and the first through hole is connected to the center of the second metal layer through a coaxial connector.
10. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dielectric layer also has a plurality of second through holes for connecting the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The positions of the plurality of second through holes correspond to the plurality of protrusions of the first metal layer and the second metal layer, and are evenly arranged around the center of the dielectric layer.
11. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circularly polarized antenna (1) is connected to the power divider (2) via an RF connection line. The circularly polarized antenna (1) is fed by a coaxial line, and the feeding point is located at the axis of the circularly polarized antenna (1). The multiple communication sub-modules include a Bluetooth module and a Wi-Fi module (5).
12. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circularly polarized antenna (1) is fed by slot coupling or multi-point feeding.
13. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 11, characterized in that, The circularly polarized antenna (1) operates in the 2.4GHz-2.5GHz frequency band, covering the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi communication frequency bands. The Bluetooth module includes one or more of the classic BT Bluetooth module (3), BLE Bluetooth module (4), and dual-mode Bluetooth module. Both the Bluetooth module and the Wi-Fi module (5) integrate a chip, radio frequency circuit, and radio frequency switch (13). The output of the power divider (2) is connected to the input of the radio frequency switch (13) of each module through a radio frequency connection line. The output of the radio frequency switch (13) is connected to the corresponding radio frequency circuit. The chip of each module drives the radio frequency switch (13) through a control signal to switch the signal connection between the radio frequency circuit and the power divider (2).
14. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 13, characterized in that, The radio frequency circuits of the Bluetooth module and the Wi-Fi module (5) are integrated into the corresponding chip. The radio frequency circuits include a power amplifier (12), a low noise amplifier (18), a filter (17) and electrostatic protection (16). The chip also integrates a Bluetooth antenna interface (15), a BT interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a BLE interface and an analog-to-digital converter (14).
15. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless radio frequency communication module is connected to the main control module (7) through a serial interface (6).
16. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module (7) uses a Cortex-M series chip.
17. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control module (7) is configured to determine at least one channel based on the signal received from the communication submodule.
18. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of communication submodules includes a first communication submodule and a second communication submodule; The main control module (7) is configured to determine at least one channel based on the signal received from the first communication submodule, and to control the second communication submodule to lock the determined channel.
19. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 17, characterized in that, The main control module (7) includes: The probability determination unit is configured to determine the probability of a drone's presence in each of the multiple scanned channels; The comparison unit is configured to determine the first channel as the channel to be locked if the probability of a drone appearing in the first channel is greater than a preset value. The control unit is configured to send the channel to be locked to the second communication submodule and control the second communication submodule to lock the channel to be locked.
20. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a built-in rechargeable battery (11), a USB-Type C interface (9) and an Ethernet interface (10), the rechargeable battery (11) is charged through the USB-Type C interface (9) or the Ethernet interface (10), and wired data transmission with external devices is performed through the USB-Type C interface (9) or the Ethernet interface (10) during the charging process.
21. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver according to claim 20, characterized in that, It also includes a mobile communication module (8), which is directly connected to the rechargeable battery (11) and powered by the rechargeable battery (11) to enable wireless data transmission with a remote server.
22. A drone control system, characterized in that, Includes the circularly polarized multiport transceiver as described in claims 1-21, wherein the circularly polarized multiport transceiver includes a circularly polarized antenna having omnidirectional radiation capability and circularly polarized radiation capability.
23. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver method, said method being applied to the circularly polarized multiport device according to claims 1-22, characterized in that, include: The signal transmitted by the UAV is received by the circularly polarized antenna, and the probability of the UAV appearing in each channel within the first period is determined based on the signal. The scanning time weight vector corresponding to the first period is determined based on the probability of the appearance of the UAV in each of the channels. as well as Based on the scan time weight vector corresponding to the first period, channel scan time is allocated to each channel in the second period.
24. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver method according to claim 23, characterized in that, The method further includes: The power divider synchronously transmits the signal to the Bluetooth module and / or Wi-Fi module within the second cycle based on the channel scan time of each channel in the second cycle. The first period and the second period have the same period length.
25. A circularly polarized multiport transceiver method according to claim 23, characterized in that, The steps for allocating channel scanning time to each channel in the second period based on the scanning time weight vector corresponding to the first period include: Obtain the first number of drones within the first period; Obtain the second number of drones during the second period; and If the absolute value of the difference between the second quantity and the first quantity is greater than a preset value, the scan time weight vector of the first cycle is corrected to obtain the corrected scan time weight vector. Channel scanning time is allocated to each channel in the second period based on the corrected scan time weight vector.