Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine having fixable attachment elements
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/EP2026/052828
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-03-24
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-01
Smart Images
Figure EP2026052828_01102026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Description
[0002] Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine with fixable attachments
[0003] The invention relates to a housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine with one or more attachment elements.
[0004] Dynamoelectric rotary machines, especially motors in industrial settings, are typically housed in a casing. Casings made of aluminum or cast iron are most commonly used. The casing is press-fitted onto a stator, either hot or cold.
[0005] The functions of this housing include, among other things, cooling the dynamo-electric rotary machine, especially the stator, and providing connection options for flanges, feet, etc.
[0006] A large proportion of industrial motors are therefore designed as foot-mounted motors. These feet are generally welded, cast, or bolted to the housing of the dynamo-electric rotary machine.
[0007] A damaged casing is often a reason to dispose of the entire dynamo-electric machine, as repairs can sometimes be difficult.
[0008] Furthermore, a housing reduces the cooling efficiency of a dynamo-electric machine.
[0009] Therefore, there are also housingless dynamoelectric machines. For example, DE 20 37 769 A discloses a surface-cooled housingless electric motor with bearing shields supported on the stator lamination stack consisting of rectangular laminations, wherein the stator laminations have teeth shaped in such a way that they can be punched from strip material, either partially or on the entire outer circumference.
[0010] DE 78 13 179 Ul discloses a housingless electric machine, preferably an electric motor, with a rotor and with a laminated stator lamination stack, bearing shields are arranged on both end faces of which bearing shields are arranged, wherein at least one dovetail guide formed by the stator lamination stack, extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor shaft of the electric machine, is provided on the circumference of the stator lamination stack, which guides and supports at least one element of the electric machine in a positive-locking manner, which element is secured against axial displacement in its operating position.
[0011] US Patent 2006 / 284511 A1 discloses a motor comprising a stator core formed from several stator laminations, which at least partially forms a circumferential surface of the motor. Each stator section has several fins extending radially outward. When assembled, the fins of adjacent laminations combine to form larger fins extending the length of the stator core. These fins improve the cooling of the motor by enhancing heat dissipation.
[0012] From EP 3 944 465 A1, a housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine with a stator is known, wherein the stator has a layered material structure, wherein the layered material structure has a plurality of material layers, wherein the material layers are arranged one after the other along an axis of rotation, wherein the layered material structure has a plurality of thickenings and a plurality of grooves, wherein a groove is arranged between two thickenings, wherein at least one groove is designed in such a way that at least one groove wedge can be received, wherein at least one thickening is designed in such a way that the groove wedge can be fixed.
[0013] There are usually three different designs of motors with stands:
[0014] A so-called foot motor with a connection box on the top, left side and right side, which represents a correspondingly complex variance in the housing designs.
[0015] The most commonly used methods for attaching a foot to the housing are:
[0016] When the feet are attached to the housing via cast-on feet, a separate casting pattern is required for each housing design, taking into account the different angles of the terminal box, thus increasing variance and costs. For example, different housing variants are needed for housing designs with the terminal box on the top, right side, or left side.
[0017] With separately manufactured feet that are screwed to the housing, a degree of flexibility is achieved by providing screw-on mounting options for the feet to the housing, allowing for different terminal box positions. For this purpose, threads are incorporated in at least three 90° angled planes for screwing on the feet. However, these threads require considerable space when viewed radially, thus limiting the outer diameter of the stator lamination stack while adhering to the standard. Since the distance between the feet and the motor shaft is standardized, the outer diameter of the stator is limited – when viewed radially – due to the space required for foot mounting.
[0018] A disadvantage of these known dynamoelectric rotary machines or motors is that, among other things, they are comparatively expensive to manufacture, have a comparatively low power density and efficiency in operation, as well as insufficient cooling efficiency and inadequate vibration behavior.
[0019] Furthermore, equipping the housing with additional threads involves further costs.
[0020] Based on this, the invention aims to create a dynamoelectric rotary machine that, with a comparatively simple design, offers high compactness with high power density, high cooling efficiency, low vibration behavior, and is also suitable for a wide variety of applications.
[0021] The problem is solved by a housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine according to the independent claim.
[0022] Further advantageous features can be found in the dependent claims.
[0023] According to the invention, attachment elements are mounted on a housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine, comprising a stator and a rotor rotatably mounted about an axis, which is spaced apart from the stator by an air gap. The stator has a substantially hollow cylindrical magnetically conductive body, which is axially layered laminations or a one-piece sintered body.
[0024] The magnetically conductive body has one or more axially extending contours or prismatic geometries, in particular dovetail-shaped recesses, distributed around its outer circumference. The distribution of these contours, especially the axially extending dovetail-shaped recesses, can be uniform or uneven, depending on the intended use and application of the housingless rotary dynamoelectric machine. Cooling fins are provided, at least in sections, between the axially extending dovetail-shaped recesses.
[0025] The attachment elements, which are preferably dovetail-shaped, are shaped at least in sections in such a way that they engage in a form-fitting manner in the dovetail groove-shaped recess and thus form complementary contact surfaces at least in sections.
[0026] The mounting elements, particularly when viewed quasi-radially, have a contact area, a transition area, and a functional area. The contact area forms at least partially corresponding complementary contact surfaces with its engagement in the prismatic geometry. In particular, the contact area forms at least partially corresponding complementary contact surfaces with its dovetail-shaped engagement in the dovetail groove-shaped recess. Furthermore, the contact area also has, at least partially, means for fixing it in the dovetail groove-shaped recess. The transition area, which extends between the contact area and the functional area, may optionally also have, at least partially, means for fixing it. The functional area has functional elements such as feet, lifting eyes, and parts of a terminal box, etc.The separation of these areas depends on the specific design and purpose of the extension element.
[0027] The attachment elements are positioned in their recesses by means of fixing agents. This is achieved through appropriate means in the transition area and / or contact area of the attachment elements.
[0028] According to the invention, dovetail groove-shaped recesses or prismatic geometries or contours are created on the outer diameter of the stator – regardless of whether it is a single-piece magnetically conductive body or a laminated core. These geometries can also be described as prismatic corresponding geometries or at least partially prismatic corresponding geometries. Their contact areas are thus at least partially complementary to the corresponding surfaces of the mounting elements.
[0029] In the case of individual laminations, these additional prismatic geometries are punched during the manufacturing process (punching) of the lamination stack, which ultimately result in a prismatic receptacle, in particular dovetail groove-shaped recesses for attachment elements such as feet, flanges, etc., at least axially in sections, on the stacked lamination stack of the stator.
[0030] The attachment of the components is thus achieved by clamping or clipping them into a corresponding predefined contour, particularly on the stator. This results in a positive fit in the radial direction. Depending on the design of the components and the configuration of at least the contact areas, the clamping of the components can be carried out either radially (rotating inwards) or axially to the corresponding predefined geometry on the stator.
[0031] This is achieved by making at least sections of the contact area and, optionally, the transition area elastically deformable. This facilitates the axial or radial installation of the attachment element into the contour, particularly into the dovetail-shaped recess. The attachment element, specifically the contact area and, optionally, the transition area, is designed with an elastic geometry that deforms, at least during the joining process, within a contour defined on the stator. This allows the attachment element to be screwed or pushed in with manageable forces without causing damage to the stator and / or the attachment element.
[0032] Once the attachment element reaches its predetermined final position, a clamping or clamping effect persists due to its inherent elasticity. The deformation can be elastic or slightly plastic. The final position of the attachment elements within the contour can be fixed using suitable fixing devices, either permanently or with a removable fastener.
[0033] The elastic formability, which allows axial or axial and radial insertion of the attachment element into the dovetail-shaped recess, is formed by an elastic geometry, particularly in the contact area of the attachment element, as an open or closed contour. The elastic geometry in the contact area can be designed as an open contour, like a clamp, or as a closed contour with a clamping effect.
[0034] The mounting elements are designed in a leg-like shape, at least in sections of their contact area, with these legs spaced apart from each other in a predefinable manner. Thus, an axially extending slot is formed between the legs when installed.
[0035] Depending on the design of the attachment element, either axial insertion into the dovetail groove-shaped recess or axial and radial insertion of the attachment element into the dovetail groove-shaped recess is possible.
[0036] Each dovetail groove recess can therefore accommodate either zero, one, or multiple mounting elements. According to this contour, the mounting elements are equipped with a matching – i.e., complementary – geometry, especially in the contact area of the mounting elements, for fixing them in the dovetail groove recess.
[0037] Radial insertion of the attachment element into the dovetail groove-shaped recess is made possible by ensuring that the width of the legs in the contact area in the compressed state is approximately equal to or smaller than the circumferential opening of the dovetail groove.
[0038] An advantageous feature is an asymmetrical design in the width of the legs, which makes one leg movable in such a way that radial insertion of the attachment element into the dovetail groove-shaped recesses is facilitated.
[0039] At least in the area of the slot, particularly at the bifurcation point of the legs, fixing devices can be used to prevent axial displacement of the attachment elements in their dovetail-shaped recess. In the contact area and / or transition area, fixing devices are provided at least in sections. However, it is important that the elastic function at the base is locked after positioning to ensure secure base attachment to the stator during operation and to prevent unwanted vibrations or loosening.
[0040] Depending on the design of the attachment element, various methods for fixing it in the final position are possible.
[0041] One option is to fill the elastic area, especially in the contact area, with filler adhesive. In addition to clamping or clipping, a filler adhesive (preferably a gap filler) is applied to the elastic area of the contact area and, optionally, the transition area after the attachment elements have been joined. This locks the spring function, preventing further movement of the attachment element and ensuring a secure hold within the contour.
[0042] In addition to this locking function, the filler material also causes the attachment element to bond, particularly the contact area with the stator. This results in further security in the adhesion of the base to the stator. Depending on the joining method in the radial or axial direction, further displacement of the attachment element in or against the joining direction is thus prevented by the bond.
[0043] In order to achieve an advantageous distribution of the adhesive, the attachment element is equipped with a quasi-radial supply bore through at least the transition area and contact area and at least one axially extending distribution channel, so that the adhesive is available in the optimal quantity at the designated locations.
[0044] Ideally, a 2K resin hardener system with thixotropy is used for filling and bonding to prevent the adhesive from running after the filling process.
[0045] The material is introduced using a mixing nozzle under pressure.
[0046] Another method of fixing the component involves clamping the elastic section, particularly in the contact area, with a spring pin. This spring pin is inserted axially or quasi-radially into the elastic section. After positioning the attachment, spring pins are driven into designated holes, located especially at the fork of the legs in the contact or transition area. The spring pin has an interference fit with the hole. This prevents the elastic function required for joining the attachment, ensuring a secure hold, even in the axial direction.
[0047] This method also allows for the removal of the attachment, which simplifies the replacement of the attachment or the disassembly of the engine.
[0048] Another method of fixing the components involves tensioning or locking the elastic section, particularly in the contact area of the attachment, with a screw. This screw is inserted axially or quasi-radially into the elastic section. After positioning the attachments, the screws are inserted axially or quasi-radially. Here, too, the screw creates additional tension and prevents the elastic component from springing back, especially in the contact area. Preferably, a self-tapping screw is used, which is inserted axially at the junction of the legs. Alternatively, the screw can also be driven quasi-radially into a transverse nut between the legs.
[0049] This method also allows for the removal of the attachment, which simplifies the replacement of the attachment or the disassembly of the engine.
[0050] Adhesives and / or screws (axial or quasi-radial) and / or rivets (axial or quasi-radial) and / or dowel pins (axial or quasi-radial) are provided as fixing means for the attachment elements in their dovetail groove recess.
[0051] At least one axial end of the stator, an end element, in particular a bearing shield, is arranged, wherein the end element is mechanically connected to the stator by means of at least one connecting element.
[0052] The mounting element is designed, for example, as a stand, lifting eye, inverter bracket, terminal box bracket, support foot or as a bracket for a monitoring device, and is always attached to the outer circumference of the stator in one of the ways described.
[0053] In this initial design, a housing is omitted. The mounting components are therefore attached directly to the stator core. By eliminating a housing, more radial space remains for the stator core's outer diameter while maintaining standard dimensions.
[0054] Furthermore, the attachment of the add-on elements is achieved without radial fastening screws, resulting in a further saving of space by eliminating threads.
[0055] This allows the outer diameter of the stator package to be increased even further.
[0056] This means that the yoke ridge of the stator's laminated core also has a uniform radial thickness. The yoke ridge of the stator thus has a larger active area.
[0057] This allows for the largest possible outer diameter of the stator. However, the larger the outer diameter of the stator stack, the more compact and efficient the motor can be built, since the power density increases quadratically with diameter compared to the overall length.
[0058] To further increase efficiency, the attachment element is designed with ribs, at least in sections, to optimize the cooling of the dynamo-electric machine.
[0059] The stator is at least partially covered with a coating, in particular a metallic coating, which is advantageous, for example, when using a dynamo-electric machine with such a stator in aggressive environments or in the food industry.
[0060] In the above-mentioned designs, a radial space gain for the outer dimension of the stator results from the saving of the housing and from the saving of radial threads for attaching the mounting elements.
[0061] In another version, this type of attachment method can also be used on an existing motor housing with a corresponding contour. The space savings also result from eliminating the need for radial or quasi-radial threads.
[0062] The main difference to the state of the art is, among other things, that the mounting elements, in particular the foot mounting, are made without radial threads or direct casting onto a housing, thus reducing the variance or allowing the additional active part diameter available to be used to achieve higher motor efficiency within a motor shaft height.
[0063] Thus, in asynchronous technology, the efficiency class of a dynamoelectric machine can also be achieved in the smaller shaft heights < 100 mm, extrapolated to IE6.
[0064] Since there is one less interface (housing), higher strength in the connection to the stator and therefore also lower vibrations can be achieved.
[0065] This clamping reduces unwanted micro-movements on the attachment elements, especially the foot mounting, which arise from electromagnetic or mechanical imbalances of the housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine.
[0066] The elimination of a mechanical interface (housing-stator) also has a positive effect on the susceptibility to vibration of the entire system, i.e., the entire dynamoelectric rotary machine.
[0067] The rigidity of this fastening system is therefore higher than, for example, a comparatively well-known foot fastening on the housing of a dynamoelectric rotary machine.
[0068] Preferably, the strength values of the materials of this fastening system are chosen so that the deformation due to the tension of the components involved, such as attachments and fasteners, remains within the elastic range.
[0069] This also makes it possible to reinstall new attachments after disassembly.
[0070] Sharp edges on the end faces, especially those of the axially and / or radially outer sheets or sheet sections, are covered by covers integrated into a bearing shield. This reduces the risk of injury from the sharp edges of the outer sheets. It also prevents paint chipping (after painting) at these edges.
[0071] In the fastening method according to the invention, attachment elements are fixed directly to the stator, i.e., without the interface to a housing. This results in a fastening of feet or flanges with significantly higher rigidity than when feet or flanges are fastened to a housing.
[0072] Critical vibrations, such as lateral rocking and / or longitudinal rocking of the stator and thus of the machine, are reduced. The function of mounting various attachments is integrated into the stator, thus creating a possibility for a housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine to achieve a technically improved fixing while simultaneously increasing the power density, despite saving on the housing.
[0073] With a laminated stator, the high manufacturing precision achieved through stamping technology eliminates the need for surface machining of the mounting components on the entire dynamoelectric rotary machine. These surfaces can therefore be machined during the initial machining process, for example, on the individual base. The permissible tolerance in the motor shaft height (from base surface to motor shaft) can be maintained through the base and assembly tolerances.
[0074] In the case of a flange motor (i.e., a dynamo-electric rotary machine without feet), the - unused -prismatic geometries, in particular the dovetail groove-shaped recesses with their design, also serve as cooling fins.
[0075] Painting the inside of the dovetail grooves, i.e., the channels, is easily possible. Tolerances in paint thickness can be compensated for by the fastener, as its radial position allows for a tolerance range of approximately 500 µm without any issues.
[0076] In one embodiment, an end element, in particular a bearing shield, is arranged at at least one axial end of the stator, wherein the end element is mechanically connected to the stator by means of at least one connecting element. Thus, the dovetail groove-shaped recess is axially closed, with the end elements creating a packing of the stator and a fixing of the bearing shields.
[0077] The base of the dovetail-shaped recesses preferably lies on the same radius as the base between two adjacent cooling fins. In other words, the radius of a groove base is almost equal to the radius of the dovetail-shaped recess.
[0078] The vibration behavior can be influenced by choosing the feet and / or their positioning on the housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine.
[0079] In one version, one, two, or three mounting elements can be provided per dovetail groove recess. These are not only feet, but also other mounting elements such as inverter brackets, terminal box brackets, terminal box bases, monitoring device brackets, or transport lugs, etc.
[0080] To further improve the cooling of the housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine, the magnetically conductive body has cooling fins that are essentially radially or at least partially parallel aligned on the outer circumference of the stator.
[0081] A further cooling effect is created by the fact that the attachment elements are at least partially equipped with ribs.
[0082] To further reduce eddy currents during operation of the housingless rotary dynamo-electric machine, the magnetically conductive body is constructed from laminations, each lamination being a single piece and featuring at least slots for a winding system and dovetail-shaped recesses. The slots of the winding system face a stator bore, while the dovetail-shaped recesses are located at the radially outer edge of the laminations or the lamination stack. These laminations are axially stacked, thus forming a stator lamination stack with one or more axially extending groove structures of the dovetail-shaped recesses.
[0083] These preferably stamped sheets are bonded together, in particular by adhesive bonding and / or welding at sections or axially fixed by tie rods, to form the stator's laminated core.
[0084] Advantageously, the individual laminations are bundled together during or after a stamping process to form a stator iron core. This is achieved particularly well by bonding the individual laminations together across their entire surface.
[0085] Instead of or as an alternative to bonding, the sheet metal stack can also be axially tensioned using tie rods. These tie rods are preferably implemented in the axially first and last sheets of the sheet metal stack or are provided in the end elements – for example, the bearing shields.
[0086] The bearing shields provided on both sides are preferably clamped with screws, rivets or tie rods in order to also clamp the sheet metal package axially.
[0087] Full-surface bonding also offers the advantage that the individual sheets are sealed to each other. This provides good protection against contact, foreign objects, and water. If, in the case of the housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine, the end element is designed as a bearing shield and at least partially covers the axially extending dovetail-shaped recesses, the positioning of the attachments is further facilitated.
[0088] If the end element is designed as a bearing shield, it can advantageously at least partially close off the dovetail groove-shaped recesses axially.
[0089] In another embodiment, at least one end element incorporates at least parts of a terminal box, which serves to supply the dynamoelectric rotary machine with electrical energy. This reduces the number of parts in a dynamoelectric rotary machine.
[0090] The cooling fins of the stator and the cooling fins of the end element are advantageously arranged axially in alignment to achieve the most uniform cooling possible over the axial length.
[0091] The stator, in particular the stator's laminated core, is covered, at least partially, with a coating, especially on its outer surface, to provide protection against contact, corrosion, foreign bodies and water.
[0092] In an advantageous embodiment, the stator is coated with a material that provides a dense, smooth, and therefore easy-to-clean surface. This is particularly important in the medical field and the food industry. Furthermore, the coating is not only suitable for surface application but also for forming an insulating layer between the winding and the stator laminations in an internal area of the slots.
[0093] A metallic coating is also possible on the outer surface. This could include electroplating, coating by thermal flame spraying or cold gas spraying, or coating by immersion (e.g., galvanizing).
[0094] Preferably, only one type of coating is used that is suitable for both the outer areas of the stator and the inner areas (winding slots). A resin-based coating, applied, for example, by painting or dipping, is particularly well-suited for this purpose. Electrostatic powder coating (e.g., with subsequent thermal treatment) is another option.
[0095] The metallic coating advantageously has a thickness between 20 pm and 70 pm, particularly between 30 pm and 60 pm. A plastic coating has values between 60 pm and 500 pm.
[0096] Furthermore, a coating containing lacquer and / or resin is conceivable. These can be polyester- (unsaturated) and / or epoxy-based. Silicones are also conceivable.
[0097] The coating protects the stator against corrosion and thus rust formation. This is achieved, for example, by immersion in a rust-inhibiting substrate and / or by painting with the rust-inhibiting substrate. Furthermore, electrical insulation can be created by the coating. This is achieved, for example, through fillers in the coating.
[0098] To improve resistance to abrasion, preferably in the outer areas of the dynamo-electric machine, ceramic fillers are advantageously used. Ceramic fillers can also be used to increase insulation and thermal conductivity, particularly in a slot area for the winding.
[0099] Suitable fillers also include thermally conductive particles, e.g. quartz sand, or partially discharge-resistant particles, especially silicon-based.
[0100] According to the invention, a conventional housing is dispensed with. Previous housing functions, such as brackets for feet, flanges, etc., are integrated into the stator by punching these dovetail-shaped recesses into the respective individual sheet metal during the stamping process.
[0101] The bearing shield advantageously has a receptacle for a bearing to support a rotor shaft. Advantageously, the housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine has a bearing shield on an A-side (the side facing the driven machine) and a bearing shield on a B-side (the side facing away from the driven machine). The bearing shield can have axially aligned ribs, as well as surface-enhancing structures on the end faces to provide additional cooling.
[0102] Advantageously, the bearing shield also features ribs that are axially aligned with the cooling fins of the magnetically conductive body of the stator. Winding heads of a stator winding system, which are preferably positioned axially under sections of an end element, can thus dissipate their heat loss more effectively. In this way, the efficiency of the housingless rotary dynamo-electric machine can be increased.
[0103] In an advantageous embodiment, the end element has a terminal box suitable for supplying electrical energy to the dynamo-electric machine.
[0104] In an advantageous embodiment, the end element has a terminal box base and is designed for connection to a terminal box.
[0105] The invention also offers the advantage of simplifying the recycling of the dynamo-electric machine, as there is no longer a housing and the attachments are removable. For example, a damaged winding can be removed from the stator's laminated core and a new one inserted. This makes it easier to reuse the stator's laminated core and the components that can be attached to it.
[0106] The invention also offers the advantage that machining of centering elements is not required. For this purpose, the base of the dovetail-shaped recesses in the stator is utilized. Generating the necessary coaxiality accuracy, and thus ultimately the positioning of a rotor in a stator bore (uniform air gap), is comparatively simple by stamping the individual laminations, and the resulting accuracy is very high.
[0107] The machine, with its varying, performance-related lengths of lamination stacks within a single shaft height, can therefore be designed to be as short as possible. The machine length, i.e., the length of the active part (stator lamination stack with winding), is thus not dependent on a separate housing. A correspondingly long stator can be supported by several mounting elements in an axially extending dovetail-shaped recess, e.g., by mandatory feet and additional optional support feet.
[0108] Bearing shields are therefore not attached to an explicit housing surface, but directly to the magnetically conductive body, in particular a laminated core of the stator.
[0109] The stator's laminated core can also be assembled independently using tie rod connections. In this process, the laminations at the end faces are fitted with corresponding tie rod lugs.
[0110] According to the invention, the outer diameter of the stator is increased compared to similar dynamoelectric machines with a housing. A larger stator outer diameter now also makes it possible to design a larger rotor outer diameter, thus achieving higher power output and / or higher efficiency. This also results in improved heat dissipation.
[0111] The invention is suitable for all application areas of dynamoelectric rotary machines, in particular for industrial applications such as pump, fan, and compressor drives, as well as for conveyor systems. Such machines can also be used in the food industry, but also in applications in traffic engineering as traction drives or auxiliary drives. The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments, which show:
[0112] FIG 1 shows a longitudinal section of a basic, housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine, FIG 2 shows a sheet metal part,
[0113] FIG 3 a sheet metal stack in perspective view, FIG 4 a magnetically conductive body in perspective view,
[0114] FIG 5 a bearing shield,
[0115] FIG 6 a section through a foot fastening, FIG 7 a partial perspective view of a foot fastening,
[0116] FIG 8, 9 Fixations of the legs,
[0117] FIG 10 a side view of a foot fastening, FIG 11 a section through a foot fastening, FIG 12 a partial perspective view of a foot element,
[0118] FIG 13 a section through a foot fastening, FIG 14 a partial perspective view of a foot element,
[0119] FIG 15 a partial perspective view of a foot element,
[0120] FIG 16 a partial perspective view of a foot element,
[0121] FIG 17 Fixations of the legs,
[0122] FIG 18 Foot element with legs,
[0123] FIG 19 Fixing the legs.
[0124] It should be noted that terms such as "axial," "radial," "tangential," etc., refer to the axis 6 used in the respective figure or example described. In other words, the directions axial, radial, and tangential always refer to an axis 6 of a rotor 3 and thus to the corresponding axis of symmetry of the stator 2. "Axial" describes a direction parallel to the axis 6, "radial" describes a direction orthogonal to the axis 6, either towards or away from it, and "tangential" is a direction that is circular around the axis 6 at a constant radial distance and with a constant axial position. The expression "circumferential" is synonymous with "tangential."
[0125] With regard to a surface, e.g. a cross-sectional area, the terms "axial", "radial", "tangential", etc. describe the orientation of the normal vector of the surface, i.e. the vector that is perpendicular to the surface in question.
[0126] The term "coaxial components," e.g., coaxial components such as rotor 3 and stator 2, refers here to components that have the same normal vectors, meaning that the planes defined by the coaxial components are parallel to each other. Furthermore, the term implies that the centers of coaxial components lie on the same axis of rotation or symmetry. However, these centers may be located at different axial positions on this axis, and the planes in question may therefore have a distance greater than zero from each other. The term does not necessarily require that coaxial components have the same radius.
[0127] The term "complementary," in the context of two components that are complementary to each other, means that their external forms are ideally designed such that one component can preferably be completely enclosed within its complementary component, so that the inner surface of one component and the outer surface of the other ideally touch without gaps or across their entire surface. Consequently, in the case of two complementary objects, the external form of one object is determined by the external form of the other. The term "complementary" could be replaced by the term "inverse." However, since idealized conditions are very rare in technical fields, gaps between the two objects will generally have to be assumed.For the sake of clarity, in some cases where components are present multiple times, not all components shown in the figures are provided with reference symbols.
[0128] The described embodiments can be combined in any way desired. Likewise, individual features of the respective embodiments can also be combined without departing from the essence of the invention.
[0129] FIG. 1 shows a frameless dynamoelectric rotary machine 1. This machine 1 comprises a stator 2, a rotor 3, and a shaft 4. The rotor 3 can be configured as a squirrel-cage rotor, a permanent magnet rotor, or a reluctance rotor. The stator 2 is constructed from a magnetically conductive body made of sintered material (as shown, for example, in FIG. 5) or from axially stacked laminations (as shown, for example, in FIG. 4). Cooling fins 9 are formed on an outer circumference 22 of the stator 2, in particular on an outer circumference 22 of the laminated core 8.
[0130] Bearing shields 14 are arranged on the end faces 17 of the stator 2. FIG 1 further shows that the bearing shield 14, as a possible end element, also has cooling fins, at least in sections. The bearing shield 14 also has at least parts of a terminal box or terminal box base 21.
[0131] Machine 1 has a cover 23 on side B 25. Machine 1 is preferably self-ventilated and advantageously includes a fan (not shown) in the cover 23. The cover 23 serves to shield this fan and to guide the airflow. This cover 23 is fixed to the stator 2 or an end element, for example, by means of a snap connection 20.
[0132] Furthermore, FIG 1 shows attachment elements 12, which are designed as feet and whose attachment to the magnetically conductive body, in particular to the laminated core 8 of the stator 2, is described in the further figures.
[0133] The attachment element 12 can also be made as a cast part or from an extruded profile.
[0134] FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2's laminated core. The laminated core 8 is constructed from axially stacked laminations. Preferably, these individual laminations are bonded together over their entire surface. Distributed around the outer circumference 22 of the stator 2, this embodiment provides four axially extending contours or prismatic geometries, in particular dovetail groove-shaped recesses 19. The number and / or their specific design and / or extent can vary depending on the embodiment of the stator 2.
[0135] The individual laminations of the stator stack 8 are manufactured in one piece and have grooves 7 facing a stator bore 32 for receiving a winding system (not shown in detail). Cooling fins 9 and, in particular, dovetail-shaped recesses 19 are provided on the outer circumference 22. The individual laminations are advantageously manufactured by stamping. Cooling is thus integrated into the stator 2. Heat transfer from the heat sources of a stator 2 (winding system, iron losses, eddy current losses, etc.) during the operation of a dynamo-electric rotary machine 1 to the cooling fins 9 is therefore optimal.
[0136] The groove base 29 of the dovetail-shaped recesses 19 has a radius R N on . The inner radius R R The cooling fin 9 is larger than R in this version. N .
[0137] However, in order to obtain the same radial thickness of the zygomatic ridge 48 everywhere, it is desirable that RN =R R is .
[0138] FIG. 3 shows a lamination stack 8 according to FIG. 2 in perspective view. The dovetail-shaped recesses 19 extend over the entire axial length of the lamination stack 8 of the stator 2. To prevent the individual laminations from fanning out at the prismatic contour of the dovetail-shaped recess 19, the individual laminations of the stator 2 are bonded together, either fully or partially, by stamping, or by welding. To fix these laminations, particularly in the outer areas, a weld seam 30 is preferably provided over the entire axial length of the lamination stack 8 of the stator 2. Laser welding is preferably used.
[0139] FIG 4 shows a magnetically conductive, one-piece body of the stator 2 with its axially continuous dovetail groove-shaped recesses 19 in perspective view.
[0140] FIG. 5 shows a bearing shield 14 that can be attached to an end face 17 of the stator core 8, preferably on the A-side 24. It has cooling fins 9, a circumferential recess 49, a cover 31 for the dovetail-shaped recesses 19, and a terminal box base 21. A seal between the stator 2 and the bearing shield 14 is particularly effective when an O-ring is inserted into the circumferential recess 49. In this way, the machine 1 is particularly well protected against foreign objects, contact, and water. The machine 1 is therefore suitable for protection classes IP54 and IP55. A foamed seal can also be inserted into the circumferential recess 49.
[0141] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a section through the attachment of a mounting element 12, designed as a base, to the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2. Corresponding mounting elements 12 with a functional area 37 are attached as a base in the two lower dovetail-shaped recesses 19. In this case, the mounting elements 12 are fixed by means of an adhesive 27, which is supplied via a quasi-radial filling channel 26, which runs through the functional area 37, the transition area 36 and the contact area 35, to the sectionally corresponding contact surfaces of the dovetail-shaped recess 19 with the dovetail-shaped engagement of the mounting element 12.
[0142] The fixing of an attachment element 12 is shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 using the example of attaching a foot to the outer circumference 22 of the stator 2. The attachment elements 12 shown there are axially identical in their contact area 35. This means that these attachment elements 12 could be inserted axially into the dovetail-shaped recess 19 as well as radially inserted or screwed in. The contact area 35 has two legs 46, which are separated by a slot 43. The two legs 46 are asymmetrically designed, so that a nearly rigid jaw 15 and a movable jaw 16 are opposite each other. This allows the two legs 46 to be pressed together and positioned in the dovetail-shaped recess 19.
[0143] By means of fixing elements, such as screws 13, adhesive 27, tension pins etc., the slot 43 between the legs 46 can be blocked at least partially, so that a wedging effect 18 is created between the contact area 35 and the dovetail groove-shaped recess 19.
[0144] The fixing elements are preferably used in the area of the bifurcation point 47 of the legs 46 and / or in the further course of the slot 43.
[0145] FIG 10 shows in principle a section through a fastening of an attachment element 12 designed as a base to the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2.
[0146] This type of attachment element 12 can only be inserted axially into the dovetail-shaped recess 19. An adhesive 27 is supplied via at least one filling channel 26 to the sectionally corresponding contact surfaces of the dovetail-shaped recess 19 and the dovetail-shaped engagement of the attachment element 12 in the contact area 35. Since the corresponding surfaces never lie exactly on top of each other, a gap 5 is created, which is filled by the adhesive 27, simultaneously creating a wedging effect 18.
[0147] FIG 11 shows a schematic representation of a section through the attachment of a mounting element 12, designed as a base, to the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2 by means of adhesive 27. Adhesive 27 is supplied to the sectionally corresponding contact surfaces of a dovetail groove-shaped recess 19 with the dovetail-shaped engagement of the mounting element 12 and a gap 5 via a quasi-radial filling channel 26, which runs through the functional area 37, the transition area 36 and the contact area 35.
[0148] FIG 12 shows a partial perspective view of an attachment element 12, which is designed as a foot element. The foot element consists of different axial sections: a base section 40 and a support section 41 integrally connected to it, which are joined by a web element 42. This foot element is important for all axially longer stators 2 that fall outside the standard range, where a base 40 is sufficient. Due to its design, this attachment element 12 is also only suitable for axial insertion into the dovetail-shaped recess 19. The fixing means shown can be used for this purpose.
[0149] The two feet, i.e., base foot 40 and support foot 41, can also be designed separately and inserted separately into the same axially extending dovetail groove-shaped recesses 19 and then each fixed separately with the described fixing means.
[0150] FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of a section through the fastening of an attachment element 12, designed as a base, in the dovetail groove-shaped recess 19 on the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2 by means of a rivet 33, screw, or dowel pin. Due to its design, this attachment element 12 can be used axially and radially, as described above, because of its two legs 46. A rivet 33 is driven through the quasi-radial bore, thereby creating the desired wedging effect 18. FIGS. 14 to 17 each show a partial perspective view of an attachment element 12, each designed as a base element.
[0151] This foot element has different axial sections. One section is the base foot 40, and the other section is the support foot 41, which is integrally connected to it and is joined by a web element 42. Both the base foot 40 and the support foot 41 have flexible sections 38 and rigid sections 39. The flexible sections 38 of the contact areas 35 each have two legs 46, which are separated by a slot 43. The two legs 46 are asymmetrically designed, so that a nearly rigid jaw 15 and a movable jaw 16 are opposite each other. This allows the two legs 46 to be pressed together and positioned in the dovetail-shaped recess 19.
[0152] FIG. 17 shows a schematic view of a section through the fastening of an attachment element 12, also designed as a base, for a dovetail-shaped recess 19 on the magnetically conductive body of the stator 2 by means of a rivet 33, screw, or dowel pin. Due to its design, this attachment element 12 can be used axially and radially, as described above, because of its two legs 46. A rivet 33, for example, is driven through the quasi-radial bore, thereby creating the desired wedging effect 18. Additionally, a gap 5 between the partially corresponding contact surfaces of the dovetail-shaped recess 19 and the dovetail-shaped engagement of the attachment element 12 can be filled by means of a quasi-radial filling channel 26, which runs through the functional area 37, the transition area 36, and the contact area 35.An axially extending recess 34 in the contact area 35, in addition to the groove base 29, also ensures a distribution of the adhesive 27 in the axial direction.
[0153] FIG. 18 shows a partial perspective view of an attachment element 12, which is designed as a foot element. This attachment element 12 can be inserted axially into the dovetail-shaped recess 19 as well as radially inserted or screwed in. The contact area 35 has two legs 46, which are separated by a slot 43. The two legs 46 are asymmetrically designed, so that a nearly rigid jaw 15 and a movable jaw 16 are opposite each other. This allows the two legs 46 to be pressed together and positioned in the dovetail-shaped recess 19.
[0154] By means of fixing elements, such as screws 13, adhesive 27, tension pins etc., the slot 43 between the legs 46 can be blocked at least partially after insertion and positioning, so that a wedging effect 18 is created between the contact area 35 and the dovetail groove-shaped recess 19.
[0155] FIG 19 shows, in addition to the embodiments mentioned above, another possibility for fixing the attachment elements 12 by blocking or even spreading the legs 46 in the dovetail-shaped recess 19. A dowel pin or screw is inserted quasi-radially into a transverse nut bolt located in the slot 43 (see also FIG 16). By turning the screw, this transverse nut bolt is drawn into the slot and thereby drives the legs 46 apart in the direction 18, which leads to the attachment element 12 being clamped in the dovetail-shaped recess 19. The term quasi-radial is understood geometrically to mean that the direction of rotation 50 of the screw or the orientation 50 of the filling channel (according to FIG 6) is not strictly speaking directed towards the axis 6, but rather is tangent to an imaginary circle 51 with the axis 6 as its center.
[0156] This invention simplifies the recycling of the dynamo-electric machine and the reprocessing of motor components.
[0157] By increasing the outer diameters of the stator 2 and rotor 3 according to the invention, it is possible to design the machine 1 to be more compact in terms of power output relative to the shaft height. The overall dimensions are no larger than those of a machine with a housing.
[0158] The invention is suitable for all application areas of dynamoelectric rotary machines 1, in particular for drives in industrial applications such as pump, fan, and compressor drives, as well as for conveyor systems. Such machines 1 can also be used in the food industry, but also in applications in traffic engineering as traction drives or as auxiliary drives. Reference numerals
[0159] 1 dynamoelectric rotary machine 2 stator
[0160] 3 Rotor
[0161] 4 wave
[0162] 5 columns
[0163] 6-axis
[0164] 7 slots for winding system
[0165] 8 sheet metal package
[0166] 9 cooling fins
[0167] 10 Fastening element
[0168] 11 Connecting element
[0169] 12 Add-on element
[0170] 13 Locking element
[0171] 14 Storage sign
[0172] 15 rigid cheeks
[0173] 16 movable jaws
[0174] 17 Front side sheet metal package
[0175] 18 Wedge effect
[0176] 19 dovetail groove-shaped recesses 20 snap connection
[0177] 21 terminal box bases
[0178] 22 Outer circumference of the stator
[0179] 23 Hood
[0180] 24 A-side
[0181] 25 B-side
[0182] 26 Filling channel
[0183] 27 adhesives
[0184] 29 Grooved base
[0185] 30 Las er Schweißnaht
[0186] 31 Cover
[0187] 32 Stator bore 33 Rivet
[0188] 34 Exclusion
[0189] 35 Cultivation area
[0190] 36 Transition area
[0191] 37 Functional area
[0192] R R Radius groove base
[0193] R N Radius dovetail groove
[0194] 38 flexible section
[0195] 39 rigid section
[0196] 40 feet
[0197] 41 Support leg
[0198] 42 Bridge element
[0199] 43 slots
[0200] 44 extensive opening of the dovetail groove shaped recesses
[0201] 45 distribution channel
[0202] 46 thighs
[0203] 47 Junction
[0204] 48 zygomatic arches
[0205] 49 circumferential recesses
[0206] 50 Direction of rotation
[0207] 51 imaginary circle
Claims
36 Patent claims 1. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine ( 1 ) , with a stator ( 2 ) and a rotor ( 3 ) rotatably mounted about an axis ( 6 ) which is spaced from the stator ( 2 ) by an air gap , wherein the stator ( 2 ) has a substantially hollow cylindrical magnetically conductive body , wherein the magnetically conductive body has one or more dovetail groove-shaped recesses (19) distributed around its outer circumference ( 22 ), in particular axially extending recesses , wherein in particular dovetail-shaped attachment elements ( 12 ) are shaped at least in sections such that they engage in a form-fitting manner in the dovetail groove-shaped recess ( 19 ) thus forming at least in sections complementary contact surfaces, wherein the attachment elements (12) have a contact area (35), a transition area (36) and a functional area (37), wherein the contact area (35) forms at least partially corresponding contact surfaces of dovetail groove-shaped recess (19) with dovetail-shaped engagement of the attachment element (12) and has at least partially means for fixing (13), wherein the transition area (36), which extends between the contact area (35) and the functional area (37) and has at least partially means for fixing, wherein the functional area (37), which has functional elements such as feet, lifting eyes, and terminal boxes, etc., wherein the attachment elements (12) are positioned in their recesses (19) by means of fixing means (13), characterized in that at least sections of the contact area (35) and the transition area (36) are elastically deformable.37 2. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the elastic formability is formed by an elastic geometry in the contact area ( 35 ) of the attachment element ( 12 ) as an open or closed contour .
3. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 2, wherein characterized in that the attachment elements ( 12 ) are leg-shaped at least in sections of their installation area ( 25 ) which are spaced apart from each other in a predefinable manner .
4. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 3, wherein characterized in that the distance allows radial insertion of the attachment element ( 12 ) into the dovetail groove-shaped recess ( 19 ) by the width of the legs ( 46 ) in the compressed state being approximately equal to or smaller than the opening ( 44 ) of the dovetail groove-shaped recess ( 1 ).
5. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the legs (46) are asymmetrically designed, such that one leg is movable in such a way as to allow radial insertion of the attachment element (12) into the dovetail groove shaped recesses (19).
6. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that at least in the area of the slot (43), in particular in the area of the bifurcation point (47) of the legs (46) fixing means, in particular locking elements (13), are provided which prevent axial and / or radial displacement of the attachment elements (12) in the dovetail groove-shaped recess (19).
7. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 6, wherein characterized in that adhesive (27) and / or an axially screwed screw and / or a clamping pin and / or a rivet (33) is provided as a fixing means of the attachment elements (12) in their dovetail groove-shaped recess (19), each of which is arranged axially or quasi-radially.
8. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment elements (12) have channels (26) which allow the attachment elements (12) to be fixed in the dovetail groove-shaped recess (19) by means of adhesive (27).
9. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to claim 8, wherein characterized in that the channels ( 26 ) run quasi-radially or tangentially through at least the mounting area ( 35 ) and the transition area ( 36 ) of the attachment element ( 12 ).
10. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an end element, in particular a bearing shield (14), is arranged at at least one axial end (24, 25) of the stator (2), wherein the end element is mechanically connected to the stator (2) by means of at least one connecting element (11).
11. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the attachment element ( 12 ) is designed as a base, lifting eye, inverter bracket, terminal box bracket or as a bracket for a monitoring device.
12. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims , characterized in that the attachment element ( 12 ) is at least partially ribbed .
13. Housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the stator ( 2 ) is covered at least partially with a coating, in particular a metallic and / or an insulating coating .
14. Use of a housingless dynamoelectric rotary machine ( 1 ) according to any of the preceding claims as a drive for compressors, pumps, compressors, or fans in an industrial environment, in the food industry or in traction applications.